人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and virtues 学案：重点单词、短语及句式精讲，课文重点小结 （含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and virtues 学案：重点单词、短语及句式精讲，课文重点小结 （含答案） |  | |
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Part I 课文重点单词
majority n．大部分；大多数
【例句】?
?When I have a different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the majority.??
当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。??
The majority of the students hold the view that it’s convenient to go to school by electric bike.??
大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。??
After all, those who are against the project are in the majority.?
?毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。
【思维拓展】
?be in the/a majority占多数a/the majority of……的大多数
?major v．主修adj.主要的n．主修课程
?minor adj.次要的(4)?minority n．少数a/the minority of少数的be in the/a minority占少数
【名师点津】
the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
“the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The ____________(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust.
②Tom and I have something in common: we both major ______ engineering.
③An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _______(be) against it.
写出major的意思
④Briefly speaking, smoking is one of the major causes of cancer. __________________
⑤He majored in history at Stanford.______________
⑥The major part of the town was ruined by the horrible earthquake. ________________
⑦English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners.______________
单句写作
⑧One-third of the country is covered with grass and _________________ (大多数) the citizens live in tents.
⑨In college I _____________(主修) Natural Science.What was your major?
2．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【例句】
I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.
我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk at yesterday’s meeting.
贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。
【思维拓展】
(1)complain about...抱怨……
complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint n．抱怨
make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints大量的投诉
【误区警示】
complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。
I explained the situation to my bank manager.
我向我的银行经理说明了情况。
单句语法填空
①Mothers often complain ______ their children _________ wrestling on the bed.
②He will complain _________ having to do so much paperwork.
③Why don’t you make a _____________(complain) against your noisy neighbors?
单句写作
④She ______________________(向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house.
⑤We should think how to deal with the problems instead of __________________________(抱怨别人的错误)．
一句多译
⑥他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
He is always ________________________ the stressful life.
He is always _____________________________ the stressful life.
3.respond ?vt.回答；回复 vt.做出反应；回应
【例句】??
She responded to my letter with a phone call.??
她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。??
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.??
当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。
【思维拓展】
respond to...(with sth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应respond that...回答说……(2)response n．反应；回答；回复in response to作为对……的答复/反应make a response(to)(对……)做出回应/反应
【易混辨析】
respond, answer, reply
respond
为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词
answer
为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词
reply
为不及物动词，与answer 用法基本相同，但稍正式一些
【例句】
I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.??
我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。??
He answered that he did go there last night.??
他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。??
It's your turn now to reply to these charges.??
现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。
单句语法填空
①?Devices(设备) that can recognize and respond ______ a human voice have been developed.
②?Not everyone acts the same in response ______ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another.
③?If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond ________ an accurate answer.
一句多译
卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。
④?Carl didn’t _____________ my question, and carried on with his meal.(respond)
⑤?Carl ________________________ my question, and carried on with his meal.(response)
完成句子
⑥His illness didn’t _____________ treatment by drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
⑦My mother opened the door ________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.
听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
【例句】
The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。【思维拓展】
reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划
reject an argument/a decision/an offer拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议
rejection n．拒绝接受；否决a rejection letter一封回绝信
【易混辨析】
reject与refuse
reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。
refuse vi.& vt.普通用词，“拒绝”。
refuse sb.sth.拒绝某人某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
单句语法填空
①He _______________(reject) by the army because of his poor eyesight last year.
②Although writing a _____________(reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary.
选词填空（reject/refuse）
③He loves his daughter so much that he can __________ her nothing.
④I’ve been ____________ by all the companies I applied to.
⑤I absolutely __________ to take part in anything that’s illegal.
appoint vt.任命；委派
【例句】??
She was appointed(as/to be) monitor at the class meeting.??
在班会上她被任命为班长。??
She has recently been appointed to the committee.??
她最近被任命为委员会的委员。??
They appointed her to take care of that old man.??
他们派她去照顾那位老人。
【思维拓展】
appoint sb.(as/to be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
appointment n．任命；委派；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
appointed adj.约定的；指定的
单句语法填空
①Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _____________(appoint) to guard her.
②I hate to rush you, but I have another _______________(appoint)．
③To his joy, he ________________(appoint) as manager. After all, this represented his ability.?And the moment?he received the _______________ (appoint) letter, he called and made an _______________(appoint) with his former teacher, for whose help he was grateful.
单句写作
④在任何情况下我们都不能失约。
In no case should we fail to _____________________.
⑤这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。
The agricultural expert can only be visited _________________.
elect vt.选举；推选
【例句】??
She elected an art course because she was interested in art.??
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。??
Like men, women have the right to elect and to be elected.??
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
【思维拓展】
elect to do sth.决定做某事
elect sb.as选举某人当……election n．选举；推选；当选
We wonder who will win the next election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
单句语法填空
①Congratulations! I heard you have been ___________(elect) as chairman.
②An increasing number of people elect __________(work) at home.
③The year 1789 saw the first ____________(elect) in American history where a majority of people ___________(elect) George Washington ______ the first president.
单句写作
④Who do you think will ______________________(在下次选举中获胜)?
⑤Faced with their failure in ______________________________(第一轮选举) the party didn’t lose heart.
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
【例句】??
I tend to go to bed late and get up early in summer.??
夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。??
She spends her spare time tending her old mother.??
她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。
【思维拓展】
tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向
tend (to) sb./sth.(＝look after sb./sth.)照顾/护理……
tendency n．倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
单句语法填空
①Typically, people tend __________(make) mistakes when tired.
②The nurses were tending ______ those injured by firecracker.
③I have a tendency __________(talk) too much when nervous.
④The modern furniture designs tend ___________ simplicity.
完成句子
⑤The sort of music he listens to varies, but ________________ popular music.
他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。
⑥She ___________ get angry when people oppose to her plan.
别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。
⑦The nurse skillfully __________ their wounds.
那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。
retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
【例句】??
Most people retire at 60.??
大多数人在60岁时退休。
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.??
由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。??
After lunch, he retired to his study.??
午饭后他去了书房。
【思维拓展】
retire from...从……退休(役)/退出
retired adj.已退职的；已退休的
retirement n．退休；退职
单句语法填空
①After he ___________(retire) from office, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
②When the world-famous tennis player announced her ______________ (retire), she couldn’t help crying.
③He has agreed to struggle on, though he hopes to retire ________ his position.
④They will hold a party in celebration of her ____________(retire)．
⑤The other day a ___________(retire) couple came to my office.
principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
【例句】??
Schools try to teach children a set of principles.??
学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。??
They agreed to the plan only in principle.??
他们只是原则上同意那个计划。
【思维拓展】
in principle原则上；理论上
stick to one’s principles坚持原则
be against one’s principles违背某人的原则
as a matter of principle作为原则问题
单句语法填空
①Despite the variety of injuries, several ______________(principle) of first aid can apply to all emergencies.
单句写作
②Anyway, I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s _______________________ (违背我的原则)．
③_______________(原则上), the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.
④Though poor, he still _______________________(坚持他的原则)．
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
【例句】??
The terrible sounds scared the children.??
可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。??
He doesn’t scare easily.??
他不轻易害怕。
【思维拓展】
scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死
scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑
scare sb.into/out of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scared adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)
be scared of...害怕/担心……be scared to death吓得要死
be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared that...害怕(3)scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的
【例句】
We were scared to death when the fire broke out.Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.
突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。
She was scared to go into the yard because she was scared of being bitten by the big dog lying at the gate.
她害怕去院子里，因为她害怕被卧在门口的那只大狗咬到。
She didn’t like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her.
她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。
单句语法填空
①When we are getting excited, angry or __________(scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
②The turkey was scared ___________ at the sight of us.
③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a _________(scare) moment.
④The atmosphere was _________ and we felt __________ staying in the room.(scare)
单句写作
⑤Many customers have been ____________________(被吓得买) organic food.
⑥The local farmers used to light a fire __________________(吓跑) the wolves.
sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；敏锐的；(语言)尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的 adv.(用于时间后表示准时)整
【例句】??
There was a sharp increase in unemployment in that area last year.??
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。??
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.??
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。??
There was a sharp increase in unemployment in that area last year.??
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。??
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.??
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。??
There are birds, like the mountain eagles, which eat meat with their strong sharp beaks.??
有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。??
We heard a voice sing out in a clear, sharp tone.??
我们听到了一阵清脆嘹亮的歌声。??
He is a journalist with an extremely sharp mind.??
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。??
Be careful with the sharp bend in the road.??
小心路上的急转弯。??
She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning.??
她计划今早8点整打开店门。
【思维拓展】
sharply adv.猛烈地；急剧地
sharpen vt.& vi.(使)变得锋利
sharpener n．磨具，削具
写出下列句中sharp的含义
①Unfortunately, I cut my foot a sharp stone and caught my hair on a branch.________
②As we all know, an eagle has sharp eyesight.__________
③When we got to the church it was seven o’clock sharp.______
④All the foot marks are quite sharp and clear.__________
⑤Suddenly, he felt a sharp pain in the stomach.__________
⑥He fainted when riding to work.The bike made a sharp turn to the left. __________
单句语法填空
⑦The price of petrol has risen ___________(sharp) since last month.
⑧The pencil doesn’t write well；I should ___________(sharp) it before I draw the great figure.
⑨He was sharp ________ his colleagues when they were late.
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
【例句】??
He has replaced Mr Brown as president.??
他取代布朗先生当了董事长。??
He will replace the broken window with a new one.??
他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。
【思维拓展】
replace...with/by...用……代替……replace sb.as...取代某人而成为……(2)replacement n．替换；更换；接替者a replacement for...……的替代品/替补
“代替”的表达法：replace, in place of, take the place of, in one's place, take one's place, instead of
单句语法填空
①The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced __________ an office building whose walls are yellow.
②Remind yourself that although they are not ________________(replace) for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh(使恢复精力) your body.
③It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should ______________(replace) with a modern hotel not.
一句多译
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
④Our monitor will _______________________________________ to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace)
④Our monitor will _______________________________________ to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace)
⑥Our monitor will ______________________________ to attend the meeting.(take one’s place)
Part 02短语精讲
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
【典型例句】
All the students in her class are eager to learn.
她班上的学生都渴望学习。
Our company is eager to expand into new markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
【思维拓展】
be eager for sth.渴求某事物be eager in热衷于
eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地look at sb.eagerly急切地看着某人
(3)eagerness n．渴望；热心with eagerness急切地
单句语法填空
①Faced with the good chance, they are eager __________(take) advantage of it.
②They were crowded in the church, eager _______ any news.
③She is eager ___________(dress) up for the ceremony.
④His _____________(eager) to find a job is clear to everyone.
⑤The children ___________(eager) learn something new from the teacher every day.
⑥The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _______ knowledge and eager __________(make) progress, so she is eager ______ her study and is always praised by her teachers.
be faced with面临；面对
【典型例句】
We are faced with a serious problem.
我们面临着一个严重的问题。
She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings with strange people.
她面对着一份全新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
【思维拓展】
in the face of sth.面对(问题、困难等)
face to face面对面地
lose face丢脸，失面子
save face保全面子
make faces/a face做鬼脸
face the music勇于承担后果；接受惩罚
face the sea面朝大海
face north/east朝北/朝东
look in the face正视(某人)
Let’s face it!面对现实吧！
【误区警示】
be faced with不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语faced with。
现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，不与介词with连用。
单句语法填空
①To his joy, the problem he was faced _______ was not so challenging.
②_________(face) with these pressures, you can watch a comedy to relax.
③__________(face) a range of choices, he was at a loss.
④They didn’t give up ______ the face of difficulties.
⑤Ever since then I’ve been longing to meet him face ______ face.
单句写作
⑥Talking with friends ______________(面对面地) is a good way to reduce the pressure from work and life.
⑦When _____________(面对) the unexpected accident, he kept calm and saved his son from the burning building.
⑧Dressed up in his best clothes, the boy ______________________(做鬼脸) at the customers.
一句多译
⑨面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。
______________________________ the significant change, everyone felt greatly encouraged.
carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
【典型例句】
He was the only person who could carry the country through.
他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。
It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to carry it through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。
【思维拓展】
carry sth.through成功完成，顺利完成
carry out实施；履行；执行
carry on继续移动
carry on sth.从事某事
carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on with sth.(carry sth.on)继续做某事
carry away运走carry off赢得；获得；成功对付
carry weight有影响力；重要；有分量
单句语法填空
①His determination carried him ___________ the hard time.
②I’d be grateful if you let me carry on ________ my job.
③Carry ______ until you get to the crossing, and you will see a shop where you can buy envelopes.
④If you carry on ____________(spend) money like that, you will end up in debt.
⑤In spite of the difficulty, I will carry _______ my plan.
单句写作
⑥It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to __________________(顺利完成)．
instead of而不是；代替
【典型例句】
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
If you cannot go, he’ll go instead of you.
如果你不能去，他将替你去。
【易混辨析】
instead，instead of instead 为副词，意为“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可单独使用，置于句首或句末；
instead of 意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
Instead of going to the cinema, he went shopping.
他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。
She never studies.Instead, she plays all day.
她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。
单句语法填空
①I’ll attend the meeting instead ______ him.
②He worried that instead ______ making money, he would end up owning it.
in need of需要……
【典型例句】
I felt lonely and was in need of someone for companionship.
我觉得孤独，需要有人做伴。
Many of the buildings are in need of repair.
许多建筑需要整修。
【思维拓展】
in need缺(食物或钱)；在危难中；急需
There's no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)不必做某事
meet/answer/satisfy/fill a need满足需要
单句语法填空
①The minister said that their church was badly ______ need of repairs.
完成句子
②______________________________ if you don’t want to.
如果你不想来，就不必来了。
③A friend __________ is a friend indeed.
患难之交才是真正的朋友。
④The doctor told me I was ____________ a good rest.
医生对我说，我需要好好休息。
care for照看；照料；喜欢
【典型例句】
She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。
I don’t care for her at all.我一点也不喜欢她。
【思维拓展】
(1)care about关心；在乎
(2)take care小心；注意
(3)take care of照顾；照料
单句语法填空
①He cares _______ playing chess.
②My dear father，you brought me into this world, cared _______ me and loved me.
③You shouldn’t care too much _________ your test score.
be responsible for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
【典型例句】
Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。
【思维拓展】
responsibility n.责任; 负责
a strong sense of responsibility很强的责任感
have responsibility for负责
take responsibility for对……负责
It's sb's responsibility to do sth.干某事是某人的职责。
单句语法填空
①Who is responsible _______ the traffic accident that happened yesterday?
②Human activity is not responsible _______ all water shortages.
完成句子
③We need to _________________________ looking after our own health.
我们必须对自己的健康负责。
④Each manager ________________________ just under 600 properties.
每位经理负责近600处房产。
Part 03句型精讲
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
句式分析：这是一个简单句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义该结构的具体用法如下：
①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than
②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody
③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了—
What do you think of the film last night?
—你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It couldn’t be worse.
—没有比它更糟糕的了。
Nothing is more precious than time.
没有什么比时间更宝贵。
In my opinion, no experience is more valuable than the experience gained from one’s own sweat.
在我看来，没有什么经验比自己通过艰苦努力得来的经验更宝贵。
【思维拓展】??
比较级形式表达最高级含义的其他结构：
比较级＋than＋all the others(all the other＋可数名词复数)都……(比其他……)
他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。
He is taller than any other student in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
He is taller than all the other students in his class.
No one in his class is taller than him.
【误区警示】
上面的other，others，else是学习中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出错。
有一个原则是必须遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，需要排除主语本身。
He is cleverer than any other student in his class.
他比他班里任何别的学生都聪明。(如果没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)
单句语法填空
①—How is your new babysitter?
—We couldn’t find a __________(good) one.All our kids love her so much.
②—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I’ve never had a ________________(pleasant) one before.
③As we know, Tokyo is __________(large) than any other ________ (city) in Japan.
翻译句子
④(2020·广东深圳期中)How nice the music sounds! I have never heard a better piece.
____________________________________________
⑤Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
____________________________________________
句型转换
He is the most helpful student in his class.
⑥You can’t find ________________ student in his class.
⑦He is more helpful than ____________ student in his class.
⑧He is more helpful than _______________ students in his class.
She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
would rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。
I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.?
I would rather be in prison!
我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！
【思维拓展】
would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
＝would do...rather than do...prefer to do...rather than do...
would rather (not) do/have done...宁愿(不)做……
would rather＋从句
I'd rather not go climbing this weekend.?
Also, I'd rather you stayed home and read novels with me.
这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。
【误区警示】
would rather后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时。
单句语法填空
①She would rather ________(move) to another city immediately.
②Jane would rather ____________(be) more careful at that time.
③I’d rather you _______(meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning.
④He complained that he’d rather he ___________(be) more strict with us then.
⑤Tom would rather live an independent life ________ rely on his parents.
单句写作
⑥I would walk the dog after supper ______________(而不是) at home.
⑦______________(而不是) take a bus to school, I prefer to go on foot.
句型转换
⑧I’d rather have a try than wait doing nothing.
?→I _________ have a try rather than wait doing nothing.
⑨I would rather have hired him as my secretary last year.
?→I would rather I ____________ him as my secretary last year.
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the first woman是表语，不定式to be hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
Li Ming is often the first student to arrive at school in the morning.
李明经常是早晨第一个到校的学生。
不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
④被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；
⑥there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
【典型例句】
The next train to arrive is from Beijing.
下一趟到达的火车来自北京。
Get him something to eat.
给他拿点东西吃。
I have no courage to try again after failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She is the only woman to have been elected to such a post.
她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。
There is nothing to worry about.
没什么可担心的。
单句语法填空
①Xu Haifeng is the first Chinese athlete _________(get) Olympic gold medal.
②She was the first girl in our school ________________(admit) to Tsinghua University.
一句多译
她总是第一个回答问题。
③She is always the first _____________________.(用不定式作定语)
④She is always the first _______________________.(定语从句)
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was seen是谓语，riding a donkey是动词-ing形式作主语补足语。
“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：常见的感官动词有 listen, watch, look, observe, see, hear, feel 等。“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式，请看例句：
【典型例句】
He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。
I heard someone opening the cabinet.
我听见有人在开柜子。
She is watching the computer being repaired.
她在看别人修电脑。
We felt the ground under our feet cave in.
我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。
单句语法填空
①I looked up and saw a beautiful bird ____________(stand) on a branch.
②The manager was satisfied to see many pots of good quality ________ (make) after great effort.
③His colleague was seen ____________(enter) the building at that moment.
④I saw the old man _____________(disappear) in the distance.
⑤The old man was seen _______________(disappear) in the distance.
⑥The children noticed the thief _________(take) away by a group of policemen.
⑦(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _______________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
⑧(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)They make great gifts and you see them many times _____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
单句写作
⑨______________________(看见太阳升起) above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
⑩When he ________________________(看见所有的文件散落) here and there on the floor, he began to get angry.
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having delivered...是动词-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
动词-ing 形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。
【典型例句】
This question, having been discussed for more than 2 years, has now been solved.讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)
I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.
我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)
Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelope.
写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)
单句语法填空
①______________(see) the film twice，I decided to stay at home.
②__________________ (answer) the teacher’s questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
Unit 2 课文重点小结
词性转变
1. moral adj.道德的;道义上的.→morally adv道义上;道德上→immoral adj.不道德的:邪恶的
2. precious adj.珍稀的:宝贵的.→preciously adv.过分讲究地;昂贵地
3. marry v.(和某人)结婚:嫁:娶→ married adj.已婚的→marriage n.结婚:婚姻
4. major adj.主要的:重要的;大的→majority n.大部分;大多数
5. complain v.抱怨:埋怨:发牢骚→complain n.不满的原因;抱怨;埋怨
6. respond v.回答.回应→response n. 回答，答复
7. reject v.拒绝接受:不予考虑:拒收→rejection n.拒绝;否决:抛弃
8. appoint v.任命:委任:安排→appointment n约会:约定;任命→appointed adj.被任命的
9. elect v.选举:推选→election n.选举.推选
10. tense adj.神经紧张的;担心的→tension n.紧张
11. publish v.出版:发行→publisher n.出版人:发行人 →publishment n出版:发行:发布
12. retire v.(使)退休→retired adj.已退休的 →retirement n.退休
13. scare v.使惊吓:使害怕→scary adj.
14. sharp adj.锋利的:锐利的→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利
15. sure adj,确信:肯定→insure v.投保:给.....保险→insurance n.保险,保险业
16. energy n.精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的:力量充满活力的
课文重点短语
1. moral dilemma道德困境
2. resident physician住院医师
3. tend to do sth易于做某事，往往做某
4. in tears含着泪水
5. trip over被…绊倒
6. appoint as任命为
7. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
8. help sb. out of帮助某人脱离(困境)
9. tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
10. intend to do sth.打算做某事
11. a great deal of 许多
12. plenty of很多的
13. large quantities of大量的
14. in memory of作为对....的纪念
15. in despair处于绝望中
16. take the place of sb.接替某人的位置代替
17. replace with代替
18. complain of对....抱怨
19. tuition fees学费
20. first aid急救
21. pass away去世
课文重点句式
If you hear people speaking very quickly,or loudly,they may be excited or angry.
If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced,I think I would choose to...
To a person,nothing is more precious than their life...
I’d rather stay single to study all my life!
Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
After Dr Bethune’s death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part 1 重点单词
1.majority
majority
In
are
形容词，主要的
动词，主修
形容词，大的
名词，专业
the majority of
majored in
2.complain
to；about
About
complaint
complained to me that
complaining about others’?mistakes
complaining to me about; making a complaint to me about
respond
To
To
With
respond to 5. made/gave no response to
respond to
in response to
4.reject
was rejected
Rejection
Refuse
Rejected
Refuse
Refuse
5.appoint
appointed
Appointment
was appointed; appointment; appointment
keep an appointment
by appointment
elect
elected
to work
election;?elected; as
win the next election
the first round of the election
7.tend
to make
To
to talk
Towards
tends towards
tends to
Tended
retire
retired
retirement
from
retirement
retired
principle
Principles
against my principles
In principle
sticks to his principles
scare
scared
away/off
scary
scary; scared
scared into buying
to scare away/off
sharp
尖的
敏锐的
整
清晰的
剧烈的
急转的
sharply
sharpen
with\
replace
with/by
Replacements
be replaced
take the place of/replace our head teacher
in place of our head teacher
take our head teacher’s place
Part 02短语精讲
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
to take
for
to dress
eagerness
eagerly
for; to make; in
be faced with面临；面对
with
Faced
Facing
in
to
face to face
faced with
made a face/made faces
In the face of/Faced/Facing
carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
through
with
on
spending
out
carry it through
instead of而不是；代替
of
of
in need of需要……
in
There’s no need for you to come
in need\
in need of
6.care for照看；照料；喜欢
for
for
about
7.be responsible for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
1. for
2. for
3. take responsibility for
4. has responsibility for
Part 03句型精讲
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
better
more pleasant
3. larger; city
4. 这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
5. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
6. a more helpful
7. any other
8. all the other
2.She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
move
have been
met
had been
than
rather than
Rather than
would
had hired
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
1. to get
2. to be admitted
3. to answer questions
4. who answers questions
4.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
standing
made
entering
disappear
to disappear
taken
surrounding
decorated
Seeing the sun rising
saw all his papers lying
5.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
Having seen
Having answered
majority n．大部分；大多数
【例句】?
?When I have a different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the majority.??
当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。??
The majority of the students hold the view that it’s convenient to go to school by electric bike.??
大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。??
After all, those who are against the project are in the majority.?
?毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。
【思维拓展】
?be in the/a majority占多数a/the majority of……的大多数
?major v．主修adj.主要的n．主修课程
?minor adj.次要的(4)?minority n．少数a/the minority of少数的be in the/a minority占少数
【名师点津】
the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
“the majority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The ____________(major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by the dust.
②Tom and I have something in common: we both major ______ engineering.
③An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _______(be) against it.
写出major的意思
④Briefly speaking, smoking is one of the major causes of cancer. __________________
⑤He majored in history at Stanford.______________
⑥The major part of the town was ruined by the horrible earthquake. ________________
⑦English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners.______________
单句写作
⑧One-third of the country is covered with grass and _________________ (大多数) the citizens live in tents.
⑨In college I _____________(主修) Natural Science.What was your major?
2．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【例句】
I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.
我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk at yesterday’s meeting.
贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。
【思维拓展】
(1)complain about...抱怨……
complain (to sb.) that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint n．抱怨
make a complaint to sb.about sth.向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints大量的投诉
【误区警示】
complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。
I explained the situation to my bank manager.
我向我的银行经理说明了情况。
单句语法填空
①Mothers often complain ______ their children _________ wrestling on the bed.
②He will complain _________ having to do so much paperwork.
③Why don’t you make a _____________(complain) against your noisy neighbors?
单句写作
④She ______________________(向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house.
⑤We should think how to deal with the problems instead of __________________________(抱怨别人的错误)．
一句多译
⑥他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
He is always ________________________ the stressful life.
He is always _____________________________ the stressful life.
3.respond ?vt.回答；回复 vt.做出反应；回应
【例句】??
She responded to my letter with a phone call.??
她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。??
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.??
当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。
【思维拓展】
respond to...(with sth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应respond that...回答说……(2)response n．反应；回答；回复in response to作为对……的答复/反应make a response(to)(对……)做出回应/反应
【易混辨析】
respond, answer, reply
respond
为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词
answer
为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词
reply
为不及物动词，与answer 用法基本相同，但稍正式一些
【例句】
I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.??
我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。??
He answered that he did go there last night.??
他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。??
It's your turn now to reply to these charges.??
现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。
单句语法填空
①?Devices(设备) that can recognize and respond ______ a human voice have been developed.
②?Not everyone acts the same in response ______ events, and that is why what triggers(引起) one person may or may not trigger another.
③?If you do not understand the question asked at a security checkpoint(安检员), ask the person to repeat his question until you are able to respond ________ an accurate answer.
一句多译
卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。
④?Carl didn’t _____________ my question, and carried on with his meal.(respond)
⑤?Carl ________________________ my question, and carried on with his meal.(response)
完成句子
⑥His illness didn’t _____________ treatment by drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
⑦My mother opened the door ________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.
听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
【例句】
The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。【思维拓展】
reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划
reject an argument/a decision/an offer拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议
rejection n．拒绝接受；否决a rejection letter一封回绝信
【易混辨析】
reject与refuse
reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。
refuse vi.& vt.普通用词，“拒绝”。
refuse sb.sth.拒绝某人某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
单句语法填空
①He _______________(reject) by the army because of his poor eyesight last year.
②Although writing a _____________(reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary.
选词填空（reject/refuse）
③He loves his daughter so much that he can __________ her nothing.
④I’ve been ____________ by all the companies I applied to.
⑤I absolutely __________ to take part in anything that’s illegal.
appoint vt.任命；委派
【例句】??
She was appointed(as/to be) monitor at the class meeting.??
在班会上她被任命为班长。??
She has recently been appointed to the committee.??
她最近被任命为委员会的委员。??
They appointed her to take care of that old man.??
他们派她去照顾那位老人。
【思维拓展】
appoint sb.(as/to be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
appointment n．任命；委派；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
appointed adj.约定的；指定的
单句语法填空
①Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _____________(appoint) to guard her.
②I hate to rush you, but I have another _______________(appoint)．
③To his joy, he ________________(appoint) as manager. After all, this represented his ability.?And the moment?he received the _______________ (appoint) letter, he called and made an _______________(appoint) with his former teacher, for whose help he was grateful.
单句写作
④在任何情况下我们都不能失约。
In no case should we fail to _____________________.
⑤这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。
The agricultural expert can only be visited _________________.
elect vt.选举；推选
【例句】??
She elected an art course because she was interested in art.??
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。??
Like men, women have the right to elect and to be elected.??
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
【思维拓展】
elect to do sth.决定做某事
elect sb.as选举某人当……election n．选举；推选；当选
We wonder who will win the next election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
单句语法填空
①Congratulations! I heard you have been ___________(elect) as chairman.
②An increasing number of people elect __________(work) at home.
③The year 1789 saw the first ____________(elect) in American history where a majority of people ___________(elect) George Washington ______ the first president.
单句写作
④Who do you think will ______________________(在下次选举中获胜)?
⑤Faced with their failure in ______________________________(第一轮选举) the party didn’t lose heart.
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
【例句】??
I tend to go to bed late and get up early in summer.??
夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。??
She spends her spare time tending her old mother.??
她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。
【思维拓展】
tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向
tend (to) sb./sth.(＝look after sb./sth.)照顾/护理……
tendency n．倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
单句语法填空
①Typically, people tend __________(make) mistakes when tired.
②The nurses were tending ______ those injured by firecracker.
③I have a tendency __________(talk) too much when nervous.
④The modern furniture designs tend ___________ simplicity.
完成句子
⑤The sort of music he listens to varies, but ________________ popular music.
他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。
⑥She ___________ get angry when people oppose to her plan.
别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。
⑦The nurse skillfully __________ their wounds.
那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。
retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
【例句】??
Most people retire at 60.??
大多数人在60岁时退休。
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.??
由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。??
After lunch, he retired to his study.??
午饭后他去了书房。
【思维拓展】
retire from...从……退休(役)/退出
retired adj.已退职的；已退休的
retirement n．退休；退职
单句语法填空
①After he ___________(retire) from office, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
②When the world-famous tennis player announced her ______________ (retire), she couldn’t help crying.
③He has agreed to struggle on, though he hopes to retire ________ his position.
④They will hold a party in celebration of her ____________(retire)．
⑤The other day a ___________(retire) couple came to my office.
principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
【例句】??
Schools try to teach children a set of principles.??
学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。??
They agreed to the plan only in principle.??
他们只是原则上同意那个计划。
【思维拓展】
in principle原则上；理论上
stick to one’s principles坚持原则
be against one’s principles违背某人的原则
as a matter of principle作为原则问题
单句语法填空
①Despite the variety of injuries, several ______________(principle) of first aid can apply to all emergencies.
单句写作
②Anyway, I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s _______________________ (违背我的原则)．
③_______________(原则上), the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.
④Though poor, he still _______________________(坚持他的原则)．
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
【例句】??
The terrible sounds scared the children.??
可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。??
He doesn’t scare easily.??
他不轻易害怕。
【思维拓展】
scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死
scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑
scare sb.into/out of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It scares sb.to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scared adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)
be scared of...害怕/担心……be scared to death吓得要死
be scared of doing sth./to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared that...害怕(3)scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的
【例句】
We were scared to death when the fire broke out.Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.
突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。
She was scared to go into the yard because she was scared of being bitten by the big dog lying at the gate.
她害怕去院子里，因为她害怕被卧在门口的那只大狗咬到。
She didn’t like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her.
她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。
单句语法填空
①When we are getting excited, angry or __________(scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
②The turkey was scared ___________ at the sight of us.
③I really thought I was going to fall—it was a _________(scare) moment.
④The atmosphere was _________ and we felt __________ staying in the room.(scare)
单句写作
⑤Many customers have been ____________________(被吓得买) organic food.
⑥The local farmers used to light a fire __________________(吓跑) the wolves.
sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；敏锐的；(语言)尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的 adv.(用于时间后表示准时)整
【例句】??
There was a sharp increase in unemployment in that area last year.??
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。??
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.??
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。??
There was a sharp increase in unemployment in that area last year.??
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。??
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.??
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。??
There are birds, like the mountain eagles, which eat meat with their strong sharp beaks.??
有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。??
We heard a voice sing out in a clear, sharp tone.??
我们听到了一阵清脆嘹亮的歌声。??
He is a journalist with an extremely sharp mind.??
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。??
Be careful with the sharp bend in the road.??
小心路上的急转弯。??
She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp this morning.??
她计划今早8点整打开店门。
【思维拓展】
sharply adv.猛烈地；急剧地
sharpen vt.& vi.(使)变得锋利
sharpener n．磨具，削具
写出下列句中sharp的含义
①Unfortunately, I cut my foot a sharp stone and caught my hair on a branch.________
②As we all know, an eagle has sharp eyesight.__________
③When we got to the church it was seven o’clock sharp.______
④All the foot marks are quite sharp and clear.__________
⑤Suddenly, he felt a sharp pain in the stomach.__________
⑥He fainted when riding to work.The bike made a sharp turn to the left. __________
单句语法填空
⑦The price of petrol has risen ___________(sharp) since last month.
⑧The pencil doesn’t write well；I should ___________(sharp) it before I draw the great figure.
⑨He was sharp ________ his colleagues when they were late.
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
【例句】??
He has replaced Mr Brown as president.??
他取代布朗先生当了董事长。??
He will replace the broken window with a new one.??
他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。
【思维拓展】
replace...with/by...用……代替……replace sb.as...取代某人而成为……(2)replacement n．替换；更换；接替者a replacement for...……的替代品/替补
“代替”的表达法：replace, in place of, take the place of, in one's place, take one's place, instead of
单句语法填空
①The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced __________ an office building whose walls are yellow.
②Remind yourself that although they are not ________________(replace) for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh(使恢复精力) your body.
③It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should ______________(replace) with a modern hotel not.
一句多译
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
④Our monitor will _______________________________________ to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace)
④Our monitor will _______________________________________ to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace)
⑥Our monitor will ______________________________ to attend the meeting.(take one’s place)
Part 02短语精讲
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
【典型例句】
All the students in her class are eager to learn.
她班上的学生都渴望学习。
Our company is eager to expand into new markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
【思维拓展】
be eager for sth.渴求某事物be eager in热衷于
eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地look at sb.eagerly急切地看着某人
(3)eagerness n．渴望；热心with eagerness急切地
单句语法填空
①Faced with the good chance, they are eager __________(take) advantage of it.
②They were crowded in the church, eager _______ any news.
③She is eager ___________(dress) up for the ceremony.
④His _____________(eager) to find a job is clear to everyone.
⑤The children ___________(eager) learn something new from the teacher every day.
⑥The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _______ knowledge and eager __________(make) progress, so she is eager ______ her study and is always praised by her teachers.
be faced with面临；面对
【典型例句】
We are faced with a serious problem.
我们面临着一个严重的问题。
She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings with strange people.
她面对着一份全新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
【思维拓展】
in the face of sth.面对(问题、困难等)
face to face面对面地
lose face丢脸，失面子
save face保全面子
make faces/a face做鬼脸
face the music勇于承担后果；接受惩罚
face the sea面朝大海
face north/east朝北/朝东
look in the face正视(某人)
Let’s face it!面对现实吧！
【误区警示】
be faced with不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语faced with。
现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，不与介词with连用。
单句语法填空
①To his joy, the problem he was faced _______ was not so challenging.
②_________(face) with these pressures, you can watch a comedy to relax.
③__________(face) a range of choices, he was at a loss.
④They didn’t give up ______ the face of difficulties.
⑤Ever since then I’ve been longing to meet him face ______ face.
单句写作
⑥Talking with friends ______________(面对面地) is a good way to reduce the pressure from work and life.
⑦When _____________(面对) the unexpected accident, he kept calm and saved his son from the burning building.
⑧Dressed up in his best clothes, the boy ______________________(做鬼脸) at the customers.
一句多译
⑨面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。
______________________________ the significant change, everyone felt greatly encouraged.
carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
【典型例句】
He was the only person who could carry the country through.
他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。
It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to carry it through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。
【思维拓展】
carry sth.through成功完成，顺利完成
carry out实施；履行；执行
carry on继续移动
carry on sth.从事某事
carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on with sth.(carry sth.on)继续做某事
carry away运走carry off赢得；获得；成功对付
carry weight有影响力；重要；有分量
单句语法填空
①His determination carried him ___________ the hard time.
②I’d be grateful if you let me carry on ________ my job.
③Carry ______ until you get to the crossing, and you will see a shop where you can buy envelopes.
④If you carry on ____________(spend) money like that, you will end up in debt.
⑤In spite of the difficulty, I will carry _______ my plan.
单句写作
⑥It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to __________________(顺利完成)．
instead of而不是；代替
【典型例句】
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
If you cannot go, he’ll go instead of you.
如果你不能去，他将替你去。
【易混辨析】
instead，instead of instead 为副词，意为“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可单独使用，置于句首或句末；
instead of 意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
Instead of going to the cinema, he went shopping.
他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。
She never studies.Instead, she plays all day.
她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。
单句语法填空
①I’ll attend the meeting instead ______ him.
②He worried that instead ______ making money, he would end up owning it.
in need of需要……
【典型例句】
I felt lonely and was in need of someone for companionship.
我觉得孤独，需要有人做伴。
Many of the buildings are in need of repair.
许多建筑需要整修。
【思维拓展】
in need缺(食物或钱)；在危难中；急需
There's no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)不必做某事
meet/answer/satisfy/fill a need满足需要
单句语法填空
①The minister said that their church was badly ______ need of repairs.
完成句子
②______________________________ if you don’t want to.
如果你不想来，就不必来了。
③A friend __________ is a friend indeed.
患难之交才是真正的朋友。
④The doctor told me I was ____________ a good rest.
医生对我说，我需要好好休息。
care for照看；照料；喜欢
【典型例句】
She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。
I don’t care for her at all.我一点也不喜欢她。
【思维拓展】
(1)care about关心；在乎
(2)take care小心；注意
(3)take care of照顾；照料
单句语法填空
①He cares _______ playing chess.
②My dear father，you brought me into this world, cared _______ me and loved me.
③You shouldn’t care too much _________ your test score.
be responsible for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
【典型例句】
Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。
【思维拓展】
responsibility n.责任; 负责
a strong sense of responsibility很强的责任感
have responsibility for负责
take responsibility for对……负责
It's sb's responsibility to do sth.干某事是某人的职责。
单句语法填空
①Who is responsible _______ the traffic accident that happened yesterday?
②Human activity is not responsible _______ all water shortages.
完成句子
③We need to _________________________ looking after our own health.
我们必须对自己的健康负责。
④Each manager ________________________ just under 600 properties.
每位经理负责近600处房产。
Part 03句型精讲
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
句式分析：这是一个简单句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义该结构的具体用法如下：
①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than
②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody
③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了—
What do you think of the film last night?
—你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It couldn’t be worse.
—没有比它更糟糕的了。
Nothing is more precious than time.
没有什么比时间更宝贵。
In my opinion, no experience is more valuable than the experience gained from one’s own sweat.
在我看来，没有什么经验比自己通过艰苦努力得来的经验更宝贵。
【思维拓展】??
比较级形式表达最高级含义的其他结构：
比较级＋than＋all the others(all the other＋可数名词复数)都……(比其他……)
他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。
He is taller than any other student in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
He is taller than all the other students in his class.
No one in his class is taller than him.
【误区警示】
上面的other，others，else是学习中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出错。
有一个原则是必须遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，需要排除主语本身。
He is cleverer than any other student in his class.
他比他班里任何别的学生都聪明。(如果没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)
单句语法填空
①—How is your new babysitter?
—We couldn’t find a __________(good) one.All our kids love her so much.
②—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I’ve never had a ________________(pleasant) one before.
③As we know, Tokyo is __________(large) than any other ________ (city) in Japan.
翻译句子
④(2020·广东深圳期中)How nice the music sounds! I have never heard a better piece.
____________________________________________
⑤Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
____________________________________________
句型转换
He is the most helpful student in his class.
⑥You can’t find ________________ student in his class.
⑦He is more helpful than ____________ student in his class.
⑧He is more helpful than _______________ students in his class.
She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
would rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。
I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.?
I would rather be in prison!
我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！
【思维拓展】
would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
＝would do...rather than do...prefer to do...rather than do...
would rather (not) do/have done...宁愿(不)做……
would rather＋从句
I'd rather not go climbing this weekend.?
Also, I'd rather you stayed home and read novels with me.
这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。
【误区警示】
would rather后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时。
单句语法填空
①She would rather ________(move) to another city immediately.
②Jane would rather ____________(be) more careful at that time.
③I’d rather you _______(meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning.
④He complained that he’d rather he ___________(be) more strict with us then.
⑤Tom would rather live an independent life ________ rely on his parents.
单句写作
⑥I would walk the dog after supper ______________(而不是) at home.
⑦______________(而不是) take a bus to school, I prefer to go on foot.
句型转换
⑧I’d rather have a try than wait doing nothing.
?→I _________ have a try rather than wait doing nothing.
⑨I would rather have hired him as my secretary last year.
?→I would rather I ____________ him as my secretary last year.
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the first woman是表语，不定式to be hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
Li Ming is often the first student to arrive at school in the morning.
李明经常是早晨第一个到校的学生。
不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
④被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；
⑥there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
【典型例句】
The next train to arrive is from Beijing.
下一趟到达的火车来自北京。
Get him something to eat.
给他拿点东西吃。
I have no courage to try again after failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She is the only woman to have been elected to such a post.
她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。
There is nothing to worry about.
没什么可担心的。
单句语法填空
①Xu Haifeng is the first Chinese athlete _________(get) Olympic gold medal.
②She was the first girl in our school ________________(admit) to Tsinghua University.
一句多译
她总是第一个回答问题。
③She is always the first _____________________.(用不定式作定语)
④She is always the first _______________________.(定语从句)
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was seen是谓语，riding a donkey是动词-ing形式作主语补足语。
“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：常见的感官动词有 listen, watch, look, observe, see, hear, feel 等。“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式，请看例句：
【典型例句】
He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。
I heard someone opening the cabinet.
我听见有人在开柜子。
She is watching the computer being repaired.
她在看别人修电脑。
We felt the ground under our feet cave in.
我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。
单句语法填空
①I looked up and saw a beautiful bird ____________(stand) on a branch.
②The manager was satisfied to see many pots of good quality ________ (make) after great effort.
③His colleague was seen ____________(enter) the building at that moment.
④I saw the old man _____________(disappear) in the distance.
⑤The old man was seen _______________(disappear) in the distance.
⑥The children noticed the thief _________(take) away by a group of policemen.
⑦(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _______________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
⑧(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)They make great gifts and you see them many times _____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
单句写作
⑨______________________(看见太阳升起) above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
⑩When he ________________________(看见所有的文件散落) here and there on the floor, he began to get angry.
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having delivered...是动词-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
动词-ing 形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。
【典型例句】
This question, having been discussed for more than 2 years, has now been solved.讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)
I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.
我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)
Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelope.
写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)
单句语法填空
①______________(see) the film twice，I decided to stay at home.
②__________________ (answer) the teacher’s questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
Unit 2 课文重点小结
词性转变
1. moral adj.道德的;道义上的.→morally adv道义上;道德上→immoral adj.不道德的:邪恶的
2. precious adj.珍稀的:宝贵的.→preciously adv.过分讲究地;昂贵地
3. marry v.(和某人)结婚:嫁:娶→ married adj.已婚的→marriage n.结婚:婚姻
4. major adj.主要的:重要的;大的→majority n.大部分;大多数
5. complain v.抱怨:埋怨:发牢骚→complain n.不满的原因;抱怨;埋怨
6. respond v.回答.回应→response n. 回答，答复
7. reject v.拒绝接受:不予考虑:拒收→rejection n.拒绝;否决:抛弃
8. appoint v.任命:委任:安排→appointment n约会:约定;任命→appointed adj.被任命的
9. elect v.选举:推选→election n.选举.推选
10. tense adj.神经紧张的;担心的→tension n.紧张
11. publish v.出版:发行→publisher n.出版人:发行人 →publishment n出版:发行:发布
12. retire v.(使)退休→retired adj.已退休的 →retirement n.退休
13. scare v.使惊吓:使害怕→scary adj.
14. sharp adj.锋利的:锐利的→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利
15. sure adj,确信:肯定→insure v.投保:给.....保险→insurance n.保险,保险业
16. energy n.精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的:力量充满活力的
课文重点短语
1. moral dilemma道德困境
2. resident physician住院医师
3. tend to do sth易于做某事，往往做某
4. in tears含着泪水
5. trip over被…绊倒
6. appoint as任命为
7. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
8. help sb. out of帮助某人脱离(困境)
9. tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
10. intend to do sth.打算做某事
11. a great deal of 许多
12. plenty of很多的
13. large quantities of大量的
14. in memory of作为对....的纪念
15. in despair处于绝望中
16. take the place of sb.接替某人的位置代替
17. replace with代替
18. complain of对....抱怨
19. tuition fees学费
20. first aid急救
21. pass away去世
课文重点句式
If you hear people speaking very quickly,or loudly,they may be excited or angry.
If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced,I think I would choose to...
To a person,nothing is more precious than their life...
I’d rather stay single to study all my life!
Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
After Dr Bethune’s death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part 1 重点单词
1.majority
majority
In
are
形容词，主要的
动词，主修
形容词，大的
名词，专业
the majority of
majored in
2.complain
to；about
About
complaint
complained to me that
complaining about others’?mistakes
complaining to me about; making a complaint to me about
respond
To
To
With
respond to 5. made/gave no response to
respond to
in response to
4.reject
was rejected
Rejection
Refuse
Rejected
Refuse
Refuse
5.appoint
appointed
Appointment
was appointed; appointment; appointment
keep an appointment
by appointment
elect
elected
to work
election;?elected; as
win the next election
the first round of the election
7.tend
to make
To
to talk
Towards
tends towards
tends to
Tended
retire
retired
retirement
from
retirement
retired
principle
Principles
against my principles
In principle
sticks to his principles
scare
scared
away/off
scary
scary; scared
scared into buying
to scare away/off
sharp
尖的
敏锐的
整
清晰的
剧烈的
急转的
sharply
sharpen
with\
replace
with/by
Replacements
be replaced
take the place of/replace our head teacher
in place of our head teacher
take our head teacher’s place
Part 02短语精讲
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
to take
for
to dress
eagerness
eagerly
for; to make; in
be faced with面临；面对
with
Faced
Facing
in
to
face to face
faced with
made a face/made faces
In the face of/Faced/Facing
carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
through
with
on
spending
out
carry it through
instead of而不是；代替
of
of
in need of需要……
in
There’s no need for you to come
in need\
in need of
6.care for照看；照料；喜欢
for
for
about
7.be responsible for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
1. for
2. for
3. take responsibility for
4. has responsibility for
Part 03句型精讲
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
better
more pleasant
3. larger; city
4. 这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
5. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
6. a more helpful
7. any other
8. all the other
2.She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
move
have been
met
had been
than
rather than
Rather than
would
had hired
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
1. to get
2. to be admitted
3. to answer questions
4. who answers questions
4.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
standing
made
entering
disappear
to disappear
taken
surrounding
decorated
Seeing the sun rising
saw all his papers lying
5.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
Having seen
Having answered