人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三Unit 5 重点单词、短语及句式精讲，课文重点小结学案（含答案）

Unit 5课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习
Part I 课文重点单词
1. basis n．基础；根据；基点
【例句】
The book was written on the basis of careful observations and detailed studies.
这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。
We're going to meet there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里会面。
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。
【归纳拓展】
(1) on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事
on a regular basis定期地，经常地
on a daily basis每天
(2) base n.基部，基础，基地；总部　vt.以……为基础；基地设在……
base...on/upon...使……以……为基础
be based on/upon以……为基础
air base空军基地
(3) basic adj.基本的；基础的；最初级的
basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说
单句语法填空
①______ the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.
②The book is based ______ a true story.
③There have been some problems but _____________(base) it's a good system.
2．apologize vi.道歉；谢罪
【例句】
I think you should apologize to your brother.
我觉得你应该给你弟弟赔个不是。
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。
I apologized to her for stepping on her foot carelessly.
我因不小心踩了她的脚而向她道歉。
【归纳拓展】
(1) apologize to sb.向某人道歉
apologize for doing sth.为做了某事道歉
apologize to sb. for doing sth.为做了某事向某人道歉
(2) apology n. [C]道歉；赔罪
make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉
单句语法填空
①I must make an ___________(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
②He smiled politely as Mary ______________(apology) for her drunken friends.
③She should apologize ______ her desk mate for her bad behaviour.
3. ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
【例句】
I was walking near to wave, but he stood there, ignoring me.
我走近去和他招手，但他站在那里不理我。
You should not ignore your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.
你如果想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。
【归纳拓展】
ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事物
ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的
be ignorant of/about sth.不知道……
be ignorant that不知某事
ignorance n.无知；愚昧
be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道；对……无知
The workers were kept in complete ignorance of the company's financial situation.
公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。
I'm afraid I'm rather ignorant about computers.
我恐怕对电脑一无所知。
单句语法填空
①Excuse my _____________(ignore), but how does this machine work?
②He’s ignorant ___________ the dangers of too much sun.
4. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断　n.法官；审判员；裁判员
【例句】
You should never judge a person by his look.
绝不要以貌取人。
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。
As far as I can judge, it's wrong that he should not be punished for what he did.
据我判断，他的所作所为竟不受惩罚，这是不对的。
【归纳拓展】
(1) judging by/from从……判断
judge sb./sth.by/from从……来判断某人/某物
as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为
Judge a book by its cover.以貌取人。
(2) judgment(＝judgement) n．裁决；判决
make a judg(e) ment about对……作出判断
in one’s judgement在某人看来
【误区警示】
judging by/from...作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有：
generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说
considering(that)…考虑到……；鉴于……
providing/provided(that)…假如……；倘若……
单句语法填空
①___________(judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
②Judging __________ what you said, I’m afraid you are wrong.
③Many of the scientists and engineers _____________(judge) in terms of how great their achievements are.
④I’d prefer to reserve my ____________(judge) until I find all the evidence.
⑤Facing these strict __________(judge), the interviewee felt very nervous.
⑥______ her judgement, it was a wrong thing to give children so much pocket money.
5. scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色
【例句】
This play has three acts, and each act has three scenes.
这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。
Would you like to enjoy the scenes in the mountains with me?
你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？
The scene in the hospital was very moving.
医院的那一场面十分感人。
【归纳拓展】
on the scene在现场；当场
behind the scenes在幕后；暗中
appear/come to the scene到场
【名师点津】
scene：表示“场景；场面；地点”，且在定语从句中作状语时，关系词一般用where引导。
view：多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的“景物；景致”
scene：除表示“景物，景致”外，还有“场面”之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内
scenery: 指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，是不可数名词
sight: 指人们游览观光的风景，尤指人文景观，也可指“情景；景象；视力”
写出下列句中scene的含义
①While we were walking towards the scene, Tennyson became very worried about what had happened to the elderly couple.________
②She stared at the lively street scene out of the window.________
③The scene of the film reminded me of those happy days that we spent together in the countryside last summer holiday.________
单句语法填空
④This passage describes a scene ______ children’s playing in the snow.
⑤Doctors were ______ the scene soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers.
⑥Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scene _________ people were eaten by the tiger.
⑦用scenery, scene, view和sight完成语段
Every year, plenty of people go to see the __________ of Beijing. This summer vacation my parents also decided to take me there. On the way to Beijing, we stopped our car again and again to enjoy the ___________. After arriving in Beijing, we lived at the 13th floor of a hotel from whose window we had a better ________ of the city. We did have a good time in Beijing. But on the way back home, we saw the _________ of an accident, so my mother and I kept reminding my father to drive with caution.
6. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
【例句】
She said she spotted my wallet on a bus seat.
她说她在一个公共汽车座位上发现了我的钱包。
I spotted the differences between the two pictures.
我看了这两幅画的不同之处。
There was a big damp spot on the wall.
墙上有一大块水渍。
We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot.
我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。
【归纳拓展】
(1) spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事
(2) on the spot在现场；当场；立即
(3) spotted adj.有花点的；有斑点的
be spotted with满是……斑点
【名师点津】
spot用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用where引导。
写出下列句中spot的含义
①Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove. ______________
②I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake. ________
③Fortunately，a man made an offer to take him around the different spots. ______________
单句语法填空
④The police spotted him ___________(drive) a stolen car.
⑤He decided to provide the homeless with food for free ______ the spot.
⑥She wears a black skirt with some white _________(spot).
单句写作
⑦I ____________________(发现她隐藏) the receipt in her handbag.
⑧The night sky _________________(满是……斑点) twinkling stars.
7. sort n．种类；类别
【例句】
What sort of music do you like best，pop or classical?
你喜欢哪种音乐——流行的还是古典的？
There are all sorts of activities for kids at the campsite.
在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。
She sort of pretends that she doesn't really care.
她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。
【归纳拓展】
(1) all sorts of各种各样的
a sort of...(表示不十分准确)近似于……，有点像是……
sort of(＝kind of)有点，有几分(置于动词、形容词、副词之前)
(2) sort vt.& vi.分类；整理
sort out分类；整理；解决；处理
sort...into把……整理成……
Quickly sort them all out.
快把它们分类拣出来。
I sorted the books into big ones and small ones.
我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。
We must sort out the good apples from the bad.
咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。
【易混辨析】
sort: 指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断
kind: 指同种类的东西
type: 指同类型的东西
species: 指同物种的东西
单句语法填空
①To be honest, she spent a whole afternoon ___________(sort) out the green beans from the red ones.
②That made me feel sort ______ stupid.
③Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted ________ plastics, glass and paper.
④You can use the computer __________ the newspaper articles by date.
8. patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力
【例句】
She has been out of patience with his rudeness.
她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。
He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him.
他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥对他失去了耐心。
Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.
无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。
I don't have the patience to do jigsaw puzzles.
我没有耐性玩拼图游戏。
I had no patience with these naughty children.
我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心了。
【归纳拓展】
(1) be out of patience with对……不能再忍受
have the patience to do sth.做某事有耐性
have/lose patience with对……有/失去耐心
单句语法填空
①Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of ____________ (patient), which I don't have.
②He has little patience ________ people who talk too much.
③She is patient with her ____________(patient)；she always looks after them _____________(patient).
④He was very ___________(patience) with students who could not follow him.
9. beneath adv.&prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下　
【例句】
Joe enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.
乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。
He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath.
他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。
【易混辨析】
beneath表示“在……正下方”，两者接触，与on相对
below不强调在正下方，两者不接触，与above相对
under强调在正下方，两者不接触，与over相对
选词填空(beneath/below/under)
①Some kids sat _________ the tree playing games.
②Lucy enjoyed feeling the warm sand ___________ her feet.
③The sun sank _________ the horizon.
Part 02短语精讲
1. in return作为回报；作为回应　
【例句】
They let us use their computers，and in return we give them the results of our research.
他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为回报，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。
The little girl gave me a big hug in return for my help.
这个小女孩给了我一个大大的拥抱以回报我的帮助。
【归纳拓展】
(1) in return for作为对……的回报
on one's return某人一回来
(2) return sth.to sb.＝return sb.sth.归还某人某物
return to回到
return to normal恢复正常
【名师点津】
常见“in＋n.”短语
in case以防万一
in advance事先；提前
in danger处于危险中
in order井井有条
in place在正确位置
in reality/fact事实上
【易混辨析】
in turn VS in return
in turn: 按顺序；转而；反过来
in return: 作为回报
选词填空(in return/in turn)
①People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __________ creates further problems.
②While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ____________.
2. make a bet打个赌　
【例句】
We had a bet on the outcome of the next race.
我们就下次比赛的结果打了一个赌。
Oliver made a bet that they would win the football match.
奥利弗打赌他们会赢那场足球赛。
Roderick made a bet on who would win the race.
罗德里克就谁会赢得比赛打了一个赌。
【归纳拓展】
(1) for a bet为了打赌
win/lose a bet赢/输一场赌局
(2) bet n. [C]赌；打赌 vi.& vt. 打赌；赌钱；敢说；八成儿
I bet...我敢说……；我确信……
You bet！当然！一定！
单句语法填空
①I hear you're betting ______ whether she'll marry him.
②I did it _______ a bet.
单句写作
③We've ____________(打个赌) on who's going to arrive first.
④________(我敢说) it will rain tomorrow.
⑤—Going to watch the Women's Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
—__________(当然)! Will you go with me?
3. as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的　
【例句】
As a matter of fact, I was the one who did it.
其实，做这件事的人就是我。
As a matter of fact, he is telling lies.
事实上，他在说谎。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“事实上，实际上”的其他表达方式：
actually
in effect
in fact
in practice
in reality
in truth
(2) matter构成的其他搭配：
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
It's a matter of...这是一个……的问题。
What’s the matter(with sb./sth.)？(某人/某物)怎么了？
单句语法填空
①______ a matter of fact, I knew him when we were in college.
②Growing vegetables looks easy, but ____________(actual) it takes a lot of learning.
③Outwardly she seemed confident but in ___________(real) she felt extremely nervous.
4. by accident偶然地；意外地
【例句】
We met by accident at the railway station.
我们在火车站偶然相遇。
As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.
事实上，我是偶然到英国的。
【归纳拓展】
关于“偶然地”的表达
by accident
by chance
by accident
关于“故意地”的表达
on purpose
by design
deliberately
单句语法填空
①It was done not ______ accident but ______ purpose.
②She gave away the secret ________________(accident) due to panic.
③I don't know whether this happened ______ chance or ______ design.
④In my opinion, Susan hurt my feelings ________________(deliberate) rather than ______ accident as she insisted.
5. to be honest说实话；坦率地说
【例句】
To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning.
说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
To be honest, I have no time to do it.
老实说，我没有时间做这件事情。
【归纳拓展】
(1) honestly speaking老实说
to tell you the truth说实话，老实说
(2) 英语中表示“……说”的短语：
generally speaking一般来说
to be exact＝exactly speaking确切地说
to be frank＝frankly speaking坦率地说
in general一般来说
in other words换句话说
or rather更确切地说
to sum up概括地说
that is 也就是说
【名师点津】
to be honest为不定式作独立成分，在句中作插入语。常见的还有to be exact 确切地说；to tell you the truth 老实告诉你；to begin/start with 首先等。
单句语法填空
①______ be honest, I don't know if he broke the window on purpose.
②____________(honest) speaking, that's all the money I have.
单句写作
③_________________________________________________(老实说), I have been dreaming of forming a band.
④She has worked at the bank for many years, nine, _________________ ___________(确切地说).
6. be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)
【例句】
I was about to go out when my mum called me.
我正要外出时，妈妈叫住了我。
There is about to be a huge party in our school.
在我们学校将有一场大型联欢会。
【归纳拓展】
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
had just done...when...刚做完某事，这时……
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。
I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.
他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。
The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。
【名师点津】
在上面的句式中，when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。
单句语法填空
①He _______________(sleep) when there was a knock at the door.
②I was about to go out ________ someone knocked at the door.
③We had just begun to work ________ the machine broke down.
Part 03句型精讲
1. What would you do if you were in her situation?
如果你处在她的处境你会怎么做？
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是What would you do；从句是if you were in her situation。
此处if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句的谓语形式为were，而主句的谓语形式是“would＋动词原形”。
(2)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might have＋过去分词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与将来情况相反
A. 过去式(be动词一般用were)
B. were to＋动词原形
C. should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
He wouldn't feel so cold if he stayed indoors.
他要是待在室内就不会觉得这么冷了。(与现在事实相反)
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
如果我们没有做充分的准备，这次会议是不会开得这么成功的。(与过去事实相反)
—Is Anne coming tomorrow?
——安妮明天会来吗？
—If she were to come, she would call me.
——她如果要来的话，就会打电话给我的。(与将来情况相反)
单句语法填空
①If he had not been addicted to the cell phone when walking, he wouldn't ______________(get) hit by a car.
②(2020·江苏七市调研)—Ted has never been so rude!
—You wouldn't have been so angry if he ___________(make) an apology for it, but I guess he didn't mean that.
③If I had the chance, I ______________________________(start) a business that would benefit my classmates at my university.
④If I __________________(see) her next Monday, I would tell her about it.
⑤Sorry, I am very busy now. If I _______(have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
⑥If we ____________(take) another road, we wouldn't have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.
⑦If I ________(be) you, I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases.
2. About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，由并列连词and连接。I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.属于“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(2)find 复合结构的常见形式：
①find＋名词/代词＋(to be＋)形容词/副词/名词。意为“发现某人/某物……”，to be 常可省略掉。
I find this job (to be) very exciting.
我发现这份工作令人兴奋。
She found Jack (to be) an honest man.
她发现杰克是个诚实的人。
②find＋名词/代词＋介宾短语。
He found a stranger in the room.
他发现房间里有个陌生人。
③find＋名词/代词＋现在分词。意为“发现某人/某物一直……”，可表示主动和进行。
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现地上有一个钱包。
④find＋名词/代词＋过去分词。意为“发现某人/某物被……”，可表示被动和完成。
He found his dog hidden in the bush.
他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。
⑤find it＋形容词＋to do。it 是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语 to do。
We find it hard to learn English grammar.
我们发现学英语语法很难。
【名师点津】
(1)“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当宾语是不定式短语、动词-ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。
I find it easy that we climb up to the top of the mountain.
我发现我们爬上山顶很容易。
若“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动形式，则原来的宾语变成主语，宾补变成主补。
单句语法填空
①The little boy was very pleased to find the bottle __________(fill) with water.
②It’s quite common to find her ___________(read) the newspaper.
③I find the life in the countryside ____________(peace).
④She woke up and found herself ______ a hospital.
⑤The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
⑥He was found ____________(cheat) in the final examination.
3. And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，使用了强调句型，“It is/ was... that...”，强调了主语the ship。
(2)强调句型的基本用法说明：
①基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
②被强调部分：主语、宾语和大部分状语
③it 和 that/who: it没有词义；强调任何成分都可用that, 强调人时还可用who
It is I that/who am wrong.
是我错了。(强调主语I)
It was here that I lost my watch.
我是在这儿丢的手表。(强调地点状语here)
It was yesterday that we attended a concert.
我们是昨天参加的音乐会。(强调时间状语yesterday)
【归纳拓展】
强调句型的特殊形式有：
①一般疑问式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Was it Jim that/who bought the book?
买书的是吉姆吗？
②特殊疑问式：疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他？
What is it that he wants to see?
他究竟想看到什么？
③not...until 强调式：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他。
It was not until yesterday that I knew it.
直到昨天我才知道此事。
【误区警示】
①若被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语应在人称和数上与原句的主语一致。
It is I who am to blame for the accident.
这起事故该由我负责。
It is you who are likely to win the contest.
有可能赢得这场比赛的是你。
②强调句型的判断：将句子中的It is/was 和 that/who 去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，那么原来的句子就是强调句型，否则就不是。
It is when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
是当你几乎失去某人时你才完全意识到你多么重视他。
将It is 和 that 去掉后，得到的句子“When you nearly lose someone you fully realize how much you value him.”在结构和意义上是完整的，说明原句是强调句型。
单句语法填空
①It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
②______ was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
③It must be Peter ___________ has let this secret out.
④______ was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late.
⑤It might be last night ________ they did their homework.
Unit 5课文重点小结
词性转变
1. basis n．基础；根据；基点→basic adj.基本的；基础的→base n．基础，基地
2. apologize vi道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉；认错
3. ignore vi.忽视；对……不予理会 ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的→ignorance n．无知；愚昧
4. judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judgement n．判断；判断力
5. narrator n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者，讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→narration n．叙述；讲述；解说
6. mining n．采矿；采矿业→mine n．矿；矿业→miner n．矿工
7. patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.忍耐的，有耐心的→patiently adv. 有耐心地
8. indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示→indication n. 表明，暗示；预兆；说明
9. odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的，反常的→oddly 奇怪地，怪异地→oddness 奇怪；奇妙
课文重点短语
1. a million pound bank note 一张百万英镑钞票
2. as a matter of fact 事实上
3. by accident 偶然地、意外地
4. be spotted by 被...发现
5. make an outline of… 列出…的提纲
6. with a broad smile 面带灿烂的笑容
7. a mining company 一家矿业公司
8. to be honest 说实话，坦率地说
9. ought to 应该，应当
10. be about to do 即将或正要做某事
11. earn an honest income 获得可靠的收入
12. an hour and a half 一个半小时
13. write a dramatic scene描写一个富有戏剧性场景
14. look at him with a frown邹着眉头看着他
15. a tailor’s shop 一家裁缝店
16. in a rude manner 态度粗鲁
17. ready- made suits 成衣
18. would rather do... 宁愿做某事
19. a wide range of... 各种各样的
20. be willing to 愿意干某事
21. judge... by... 根据...判断
22. make a list of... 列出... 的清单
课文重点句式
if引导的虚拟条件句
find 复合结构的常见形式
强调句
Unit 5 课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part I 课文重点单词
1.
①On
② on
③ basically
2.
①apology
② apologized
③ to
3．
①ignorance
② of/about
4．
①Judging
② from/by
③ are judged
④ judgment
⑤ judges
⑥ In
5．
①现场
②景象
③场面
④ of
⑤ on
⑥ where
⑦sights; scenery; view; scene
6.
①斑点；污点
②发现
③地点；场所
④ driving
⑤ on
⑥ spots
⑦ spotted her hiding
⑧ is spotted with
7.
①sorting
②of
③into
④to sort
8.
①patience
②with
③patients; patiently
④patient
9.
①under
②beneath
③below
Part 02短语精讲
1.
①in turn
②in return
2.
①on
②for
③made a bet
④I bet
⑤You bet　　
3.
①As
②actually
③reality　
4.
①by; on
②accidentally
③by; by
④deliberately; by　
5.
①To
②Honestly
③To be honest/Honestly speaking/To tell(you) the truth
④to be exact; exactly speaking
6.
①was sleeping
②when
③when
Part 03句型精讲
1.
①have gotten
②had made
③would/could/should/might start
④should see或saw
⑤had
⑥had taken
⑦were
2.
①filled
②reading
③peaceful
④in
⑤it
⑥cheating　
3.
①that
②It
③who/that
④It
⑤that