高中英语人教版（新课程标准） 必修1 Unit1-5学案含解析（5份打包）

Unit
5　Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__quality__
n．质量；品质；性质2．__beg__
vi．请求；乞求3．__stage__
n．舞台；阶段；时期4．__opinion__
n．意见；看法；主张5．__reward__n．报酬；奖金vt．酬劳；奖赏6．__found__
vt．建立；建设7．__attack__vt．进攻；攻击；抨击8．__escape__
vi．&
vt．逃脱；逃走；避开9．__vote__
vi．&
vi．投票；选举n．投票；选票；表决10．__generous__
adj．慷慨的；大方的11．__principle__
n．
法则；原则；原理
1．
It
is
very
__generous__
(慷慨的)
of
them
to
share
their
meal
with
their
out-of-work
neighbours．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
to
improve
water
__quality__
(质量)．
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But
I
imagine
that,
while
money
is
indeed
wonderful
and
necessary,
rereading
an
author's
work
is
the
highest
__reward__(回报)
a
reader
can
pay
them．4．If
you
go
to
that
area
alone
after
dark,
you
might
get
__attacked__
(attack)
or
robbed．5．In
terms
of
this
matter,
I'd
like
to
listen
to
other
different
__opinions__
(opinion)．6．__Founded__
(found)
in
1636,
Harvard
is
one
of
the
most
famous
universities
in
the
United
States．7．They
managed
__to
escape__
(escape)
from
the
burning
building
by
breaking
down
the
door．8．(2020·新高考卷)Here
are
some
__principles__
(principle)you
must
master．
拓展单词
1．__guidance__
n．指导；领导→__guide__
vt．指导2．__violence__
n．暴力；暴行→__violent__
adj．暴力的；猛烈的3．__cruelty__
n．残忍；残酷→__cruel__adj．残忍的；残酷的4．__equal__adj．相等的；平等的→__equally__adv．平等地→__equality__n．平等5．__active__
adj．积极的；活跃的→__actively__
adv．积极地；活跃地→__activity__
n．活动6．__devote__
vt．(与to连用)献身；专心于→__devotion__
n．奉献；献身；忠诚→__devoted__adj．忠实的；深爱的7．__educate__
vt．教育；训练→__educated__
adj．受过教育的；有教养的→__education__
n．教育→__educator__n．教育者8．__peaceful__
adj．和平的；平静的；安宁的→__peace__n．和平；平静；和睦→__peacefully__
adv．和平地；平静地9．__self__
n．自我；自身→__selfish__adj自私的→__selfless__
adj．无私的；忘我的→__selflessly__
adv．无私地；忘我地10．__legal__
adj．法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj．(反义词)非法的，违法的11．__unfair__
adj．不公正的；不公平的→__fair__adj．公正的；公平的12．__willing__
adj．乐意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj．(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的
1．The
old
teacher
__devoted__
all
his
life
to
educating
his
__devoted__
students
and
he
was
admired
for
his
__devotion__
to
the
education
cause．
(devote)2．All
men
are
born
__equal__，so
everyone
hopes
to
be
treated
__equally__
because
__equality__
is
the
basic
demand．
(equal)3．
On
the
whole,
people
who
are
well
__educated__
can
find
jobs
easier
than
those
without
a
good
__education__．
(educate)4．
As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
it
does
serious
harm
to
children's
character
that
too
much
__violence__
is
shown
on
television．
What's
worse,
__violence__
on
TV
makes
people
behave
__violently__．
(violent)
5．Everyone
likes
to
live
in
__peace__，but
it
seems
that
the
world
is
always
not
__peaceful__．
(peace)
6．Please
__actively__
take
part
in
after-class
__activities__，which
will
not
only
make
your
school
life
colorful,
but
also
improve
your
learning．
(active)
联想积累：
1．以“-less”结尾的形容词
①worthless无价值的
②jobless失业的；无业的
③fearless大胆的；勇敢的
④homeless无家可归的
⑤restless不平静的；不安宁的
2．后缀为-ance构成名词
①appearance外貌
②performance表现
③significance重要性
④guidance指导
3．“教育”词汇一览
①educate
v．教育；训练
②train
v．训练
③instruct
v．指导
④drill
v．训练；操练
⑤coach
v．训练；指导
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__out
of
work__失业
2．__as
a
matter
of
fact__事实上
3．__blow
up__使充气；爆炸
4．__in
trouble__在危险、受罚、痛苦、
忧虑等的处境中
5．__turn
to__求助于；致力于
6．__lose
heart__丧失勇气或信心
7．__come
to
power__当权；上台
8．__set
up__设立；建立
9．__be
sentenced
to__被判处……(徒刑)
10．__be
willing
to
do
sth．__愿意做某事
11．__fight
for__
为……而战
12．__in
one's
opinion/view__在某人看来
语境运用
1．In
order
to
provide
a
platform
for
students
to
practice
speaking
English,
our
school
has
decided
to
__set
up__
an
English
club．
2．When
the
black
people
__turned
to__
Mandela
for
help,
he
was
always
willing
to
lend
them
a
hand．
3．We
had
to
__
blow
up__
the
bridge
so
that
the
enemy
wouldn't
catch
up
with
us
soon．
4．Mr．
Smith
became
__out
of
work__，but
he
didn't
tell
his
family
and
pretended
to
go
to
work
every
day．
5．Real
friends
can
help
you
a
great
deal
whenever
you
are
__in
trouble__．
6．When
the
new
President
__came
to
power__，he
started
to
reform
to
speed
up
the
development
of
the
economy．
7．Johnson
__was
sentenced
to__
ten
years
in
prison
for
what
he
had
done
and
he
will
be
30
years
old
when
he
is
set
free．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all．过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see，find，witness等动词，表示“经历或目睹了某事”。(2)where引导定语从句修饰stage。
1．(2020·新高考卷应用文写作)上周日我们学校举办了一场出色的越野赛。__Last
Sunday
saw/witnessed
an
extraordinary
cross-country
running
race．__2．我们到了这样一个阶段：必须采取有效措施来保护环境。__We
have
reached
a
stage
where__
effective
measures
should
be
taken
to
protect
the
environment．
2．Only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence．只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only修饰状语放在句首，主谓部分倒装。
3．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。Only
by
practising
paper-cutting
more
__can
you
learn
the
folk
art__．
3．I
felt
bad
the
first
time
I
talked
to
a
group．第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the
first
time
“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。
4．(湖南高考书面表达)第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。__The
first
time
we
lost
the
match__，we
all
felt
very
depressed,
because
we
had
all
been
devoted
to
making
full
preparations
for
it．
4．However,
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg．可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
this
is/was
a
time
when．．．“这是一个……的时期”
5．这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。__This
is
a
time
when__
we
Chinese
have
both
a
great
many
challenges
and
opportunities．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．devote
vt．献身于；致力于
词汇拓展
devoted
adj．深爱的；忠实的
devotion
n．奉献；忠诚
用法归纳
devote
．．．to
．．．把……献给……
be
devoted
to
．．．致力于……；专心于……
＝devote
oneself
to．．．
温馨提示
含介词to的短语：
be/get
used/accustomed
to习惯于
lead
to
导致
pay
attention
to
注意
object
to
反对
be
opposed
to
反对
look
forward
to
期望
get
down
to
开始认真做
stick
to
坚持
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·浙江卷，书面表达)I
still
remember
what
you
have
devoted
to
__improving__
(improve)
my
oral
English
and
written
English．
②Her
son,
__to__
whom
she
was
devoted,
went
abroad
last
year．
③(湖南高考)From
my
first
job
at
the
restaurant,
I
learned
teamwork
and
__devotion__(devote)．
④__Devoted__(devote)
to
his
research
work,
the
professor
cared
little
about
any
other
things．
提能—一句多译。
一心投入到教育失聪儿童，这位年轻女士很少有时间照顾她自己的女儿。(devote)
⑤The
young
lady
__devotes
herself
to
teaching__
the
deaf
children,
so
she
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter．
⑥__Devoting
herself
to
teaching__
the
deaf
children,
the
young
lady
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter．(现在分词短语作状语)
⑦__Devoted
to
teaching__
the
deaf
children,
the
young
lady
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter．(过去分词短语作状语)
2．equal
adj．相等的；平等的；能胜任的　vt．比得上；抵得上　n．同等之人或物
词汇拓展
equally
adv．同样(程度)地；平均地
equality
n．同等；平等
用法归纳
be
equal
to
sth．/doing
sth．等于/胜任(做)某事
equal
sb．/sth．
in
(doing)
sth．在(做)某事上比得过、
敌得过某人/物
without
equal＝have
no
equal
无与伦比
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Any
man
will
be
equal
__to__
the
task,
so
long
as
he
is
careful．
You
should
give
it
a
try．
②I
don't
think
Jim
is
equal
to
__transporting__
(transport)
these
valuable
goods．
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Your
personal
circumstances
are
__equally__
(equal)
important．
For
example,
you
may
want
to
be
a
pilot
but
can't
become
one
because
your
eyesight
is
not
good
enough．
提能—一句多译。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管我年轻，但我胜任这个志愿者工作。
④Young
as
I
am,
I
__am
equal
to
the
volunteer
work__．
(equal)
⑤Although
I
am
young,
I
__am
fit
for
the
volunteer
work__．(fit)
⑥Young
as
I
am,
I
__am
qualified
for
the
volunteer
work__．(qualified)
3．escape
n．&
vi．
逃脱；逃走；泄露　vt．逃脱
用法归纳
(1)escape
from．．．
从……逃离
escape
doing
sth．逃避做某事
escape
one's
notice/memory
逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘
(2)have
a
narrow
escape九死一生
make
one's
escape
from
逃离；逃脱
fire
escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①It
is
said
that
he
narrowly
escaped
__being
killed__
(kill)
in
the
traffic
accident
the
other
day．
②Compared
with
the
__escaped__
(escape)
driver,
I
am
proud
of
what
I
did．
③Last
year
I
had
__a__
narrow
escape,
and
I
don't
want
to
risk
my
life
a
second
time．
夯基—熟词生义。
④It
was
owing
to
my
ignorance
that
his
name
escaped
me．
__被遗忘__
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
⑤The
woman
managed
to
escape
from
the
fire
(逃离火灾)
with
her
baby．
She
was
extremely
terrified
and
exhausted．
→The
woman
managed
to
__escape
from
the
fire
with
her
baby，extremely
terrified
and
exhausted__．(形容词作状语)
4．reward
n．报酬；奖赏；回报　vt．报答；奖励
词汇拓展
rewarding
adj．值得的；有益的；有意义的
用法归纳
(1)reward
sb．
with．．．for
sth．因为某事而用……酬谢某人
reward
sb．with
sth．用……犒赏某人
(2)as
a
reward
for
作为回馈/酬谢/奖赏
in
reward
(for．．．)
作为(对……的)报答
易混辨析
award
奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似
意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award
sb．sth．＝award
sth．to
sb．
reward
报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬
多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward
sb．for
(doing)
sth．
一言辨异
Mo
Yan
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Literature
Prize
for
writing．
In
his
spare
time,
he
has
always
been
ready
to
help
young
writers．
How
can
we
reward
his
kindness?
莫言被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐意帮助年轻作家。我们该如何回报他的好意呢？
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·北京卷)Travelling
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
__rewarding__
(reward)
experience．
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If
the
monkeys
touched
the
left
side
of
the
screen
they
would
__be
rewarded__
(reward)
with
seven
drops
of
water
or
juice．
提能—一句多译。
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
③I
gave
him
a
book
bought
from
Shanghai
__in
reward
for
his
help__．(reward
n．)
④__As
a
reward
for
his
help__，I
gave
him
a
book
which
was
bought
from
Shanghai．(reward
n．)
⑤__I
rewarded
him
with
a
book__
which
I
bought
from
Shanghai
for
his
help．(reward
v．)
5．in
trouble
在困境中
归纳拓展
ask
for
trouble
自寻烦恼；自讨苦吃
make
trouble
捣乱；制造麻烦
get
(sb．)
into
trouble(使某人)陷入困境
make/cause
trouble
for
sb．给某人惹麻烦
have
trouble
with
sth．做某事有困难
have
some/no
trouble
(in)
doing
sth．做某事有(没有)困难
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth．不辞辛苦做某事
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①If
you
are
__in__
trouble,
Mike
is
always
willing
to
lend
a
hand．
②Whenever
we
have
trouble
__with__
our
studies,
our
teachers
always
help
us
patiently．
③(2018·天津卷)If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be,
you'll
have
no
trouble
__answering__
(answer)
these
questions．
④Thanks
for
the
trouble
you
have
taken
__to
help__
(help)
us．
夯基—单句改错。
⑤You
can't
imagine
the
trouble
I
had
persuaded
him
to
change
his
mind．
__persuaded→persuading__
提能—单句写作。
⑥As
is
known
to
us
all,
__if
we
are
in
trouble__，it
is
not
our
phones
but
our
friends
that
can
really
help
us
out．
众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。
6．turn
to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；开始从事(学习、工作)；查阅；转向
归纳拓展
(1)turn
up出现；露面；调大
turn
down关小；拒绝
turn
off关掉
turn
in上交；归还
turn
out证明是；结果是；生产
turn
into变成；进入
turn
over打翻；翻身；移交
(2)in
turn
反过来，转而；轮流
take
turns
to
do/doing
sth．轮流做某事
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中turn
to的含义。
①If
you
turn
to
page
40,
you
will
find
it．__翻到__
②Follow
the
main
road
until
it
branches
and
then
turn
to
the
left．__转向__
③After
he
left
university
he
became
a
teacher,
but
later
turned
to
journalism．__开始从事__
④(2020·新高考卷)He
turned
to
the
forest
department
for
help
but
was
told
that
nothing
would
grow
there．
__求助于__
提能—用turn的相关词语完成句子。
⑤When
in
trouble,
you
should
__turn
to
your
parents__
for
help．
有麻烦的时候，你应该向父母求助。
⑥They
__take
turns__
to
look
after
their
sick
father
in
the
hospital．
他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。
⑦(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)She
has
__turned
down__
several
invitations
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies．
为了集中精力学习，她拒绝了几次演出的邀请。
⑧Don't
worry,
I'm
sure
your
missing
glasses
will
__turn
up__
sooner
or
later．
别担心，我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。
⑨The
car
skipped
and
__turned
over__．
汽车打滑向一侧翻倒了。
⑩(牛津高阶)Despite
our
worries
everything
__turned
out__
well．
尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。
?(浙江高考)Don't
let
gossip
__turn
into__
lies．
不要让谣言变成谎言。
?(北京高考书面表达)Some
compromises
were
unavoidable,
but
the
video
__turned
out__
perfect．
一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频证明是极好的。
7．lose
heart丧失勇气或信心
归纳拓展
lose
one's
heart
to
倾心于；爱上
learn．．．by
heart
背诵；牢记
put
one's
heart
into
专心于
heart
and
soul
全心全意地
strike．．．into
one's
heart
使……刻骨铭心
层级训练
夯基—用heart的相关短语填空。
①Our
Party
was
founded
in
1921,
since
when
she
has
been
serving
the
people
__heart
and
soul__．
②As
little
boys
and
girls
have
a
very
good
memory,
they
can
__learn__
a
lot
of
English
words
__by
heart__．
③As
the
old
saying
goes,
“Nothing
is
too
hard
if
you
__put
your
heart
into__
it．”
④Although
he
was
out
of
work,
he
decided
to
start
a
new
business
instead
of
__losing
heart__．
提能—单句写作。
⑤Whatever
great
challenges
we
meet
in
our
daily
life,
__we
shouldn't
lose
heart__．
无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应该失去信心。
8．．．．only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence．
只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
“only＋状语(即副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装结构。
归纳拓展
以下几种情况句子要用部分倒装结构：
(1)表否定意义的词语，如never,
hardly,
little,
rarely,
scarcely,
seldom,
not,
no,
not
only,
at
no
time,
under
no
circumstances等位于句首时；
(2)以so,
neither/nor开头的句子，表示前面所述情况适合于另一个人或物，句子要用倒装结构。so表达肯定意义，neither/nor表达否定意义；
(3)句型so/such
．．．that
．．．中的so/such
．．．部分位于句首时。
层级训练
夯基—根据括号内汉语提示完成句子。
①Only
when
your
identity
is
checked
__will
you
be
allowed
in__(你才能被允许进入)．
②(2019·浙江卷)Only
on
special
occasions
__would
they
take
it
out__
(他们才会把它拿出来)and
let
us
hold
it
in
our
hands．
③Not
only
__is
the
teacher
himself
interested
in
football__(老师本人对足球感兴趣),
but
also
his
students
are
beginning
to
show
interest
in
it．
④If
you
don't
go,
nor
__will/shall
I__(我也不去)．
⑤So
__many
places
of
interest
does
Beijing
offer__(北京有这么多名胜)
that
you
can't
visit
them
all
in
a
single
day．
提能—句式升级。
⑥(2018·浙江6月卷写作)I
realized
it
was
important
to
have
a
good
command
of
spoken
English
only
when
I
won
the
first
prize
in
the
spoken
English
contest．
→__Only
when
I
won
the
first
prize
in
the
spoken
English
contest
did
I
realize__
it
was
important
to
have
a
good
command
of
spoken
English．(倒装)
9．I
felt
bad
the
first
time
I
talked
to
a
group．
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
归纳拓展
(1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：
＝as
soon
as一……就……
(2)
(3)有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly,
immediately,
directly等，都相当于as
soon
as。
(4)hardly/scarcely．．．when．．．以及no
sooner．．．than．．．意为“一……就……”，从句常用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/no
sooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
名师点津
for
the
first
time只用作句子的状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(浙江卷写作)__Every
time
he
arrived
home__(每次他回到家)at
the
end
of
the
day,
we'd
greet
him
at
the
door．
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)__The
first
time
I
went
there__
(我第一次去那里时)，they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
other
animals．
③(湖北高考)Be
careful!
The
machine
starts
__the
moment__
you
press
the
button．
小心点！你一按电钮机器就运转。
④__No
sooner__
had
we
arrived
at
the
station
__than__
the
train
left．
我们刚到车站，火车就离开了。
提能—一句多译。
他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时，就感兴趣。
⑤He
became
interested
in
the
young
teacher's
lesson
__the
first
time__
he
attended
his
class．
⑥He
became
interested
in
the
young
teacher's
lesson
when
he
attended
his
class
__for
the
first
time__．
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．__Having
devoted__
(devote)
almost
all
our
time
to
our
schoolwork
in
the
past
three
months,
we
have
almost
no
time
for
fun
and
play．
解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是we,
状语表示过去的时间in
the
past
three
months，因此用现在分词完成式。故填Having
devoted。
2．The
wetland
park
is
__equally__(equal)
attractive
in
spring
and
autumn,
for
the
weather
is
pleasant
in
both
seasons．
解析：考查副词。句意：湿地公园春秋两季同样迷人，这两个季节的气候都很好。由句子结构可知，修饰形容词attractive应用副词形式，故填equally，意为“同等地”。
3．An
increasing
number
of
products
made
in
China
are
__of__
good
quality
but
much
less
expensive
than
those
from
abroad．
解析：考查介词。句意：越来越多的国产货质量很好，价格比进口的便宜很多。be
of
good
quality“质量好的”。故填of。
4．During
the
past
few
years,
the
time
and
money
he
has
devoted
to
__planting__(plant)
trees
in
that
remote
area
is
now
considered
to
be
of
great
value．
解析：考查短语动词。句意：在过去的几年里，他投入了很多时间和金钱在偏远山区植树，现在被认为很有意义。devote．．．to．．．“把……投入到……”中to是介词。故填planting。
5．In
the
great
fire,
he
was
fortunate
to
escape
__being
killed__(kill)．
解析：考查escape的用法。句意：在大火中，他很幸运地逃脱了死亡。escape
doing
sth．“逃脱做某事”。故填being
killed。
6．It's
important
to
learn
to
take
a
positive
attitude
__to/toward(s)__
life
when
you
are
__in__
trouble．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：当你处于困境时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in
trouble“处于困境中”。故填to/towards；in。
7．In
time
we
reached
a
stage
__where__
we
had
more
young
readers
than
old
ones．
解析：考查stage后定语从句的关系词。句意：最终我们到了一个新读者比老读者多的阶段。在定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。
8．Because
of
too
much
homework,
gone
are
the
days
__when__
we
can
play
day
and
night．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：由于太多的作业，天天玩的日子一去不复返了。定语从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。
9．For
all
these
years
I
have
been
working
for
others．I'm
hoping
I'll
set
__up__
my
own
business
someday．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这些年来我一直为别人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。set
up“设立；创立”。故填up。
10．__Only__
when
his
wife
put
photos
of
her
injuries
on
the
web
did
he
apologize．
解析：考查倒装句。助动词提到了主语之前，所以填Only。句意：直到他的妻子将受伤的照片放在网上时，他才(向妻子)道歉。
11．There's
no
reason
to
be
disappointed．As
__a__
matter
of
fact,
this
could
be
rather
amusing．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：你没有理由失望。事实上，这可能会非常有趣。as
a
matter
of
fact＝in
fact“事实上；实际上”。故填不定冠词a。
12．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读)When
a
leafy
plant
is
__under__
attack,
it
doesn't
sit
quietly．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：当一株植物受到攻击时，它不是毫无反应的。under
attack“被攻击”。故填under。
13．Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
__where__
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth．
解析：考查定语从句引导词。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community
activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they
can
gain
experience
for
growth
in
community
activities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
14．(2020·新高考卷)Molai
built
at
the
top
of
each
sapling(幼树)a
bamboo
platform,
__where__
he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
collect
rainwater．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：Molai在每个(幼树)树苗顶部建造了竹平台，在那里他放置了有小孔的陶壶以收集雨水。分析结构可知，此处a
bamboo
platform是先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导。
15．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China
has
become
the
first
country
__to
land__
(land)a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon．
解析：考查非谓语动词。“序数词＋名词”后常用不定式作定语。故填to
land。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Little
joy
can
equal
it
of
a
surprising
ending
when
you
read
stories．
__it→that__
2．He
often
lent
me
a
hand
when
I
was
in
trouble,
to
which
I
was
grateful．
__to→for__
3．Nowadays
many
school
children
devote
too
much
time
to
play
computer
games．
__play→playing__
4．He
called
to
see
me
for
the
first
time
he
came
to
Nanjing．
__去掉for__
5．It
was
generous
for
you
to
help
me
clean
the
room
full
of
dirt．
__for→of__
6．He
was
involved
in
a
bank
robbery
and
was
sentenced
for
six
years
in
prison．
__for→to__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。(equal)
__Young
as
he
was，John
was
equal
to
the
important
task．__
2．依我之见，即使你失业也不要灰心。(lose
heart;
out
of
work)
__In
my
opinion，never
lose
heart
even
if
you
are
out
of
work．__
3．1949年是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(witness)
__The
year
1949
witnessed
the
founding
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China．__
4．每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。(every/each
time)
__Every/Each
time
I
see
the
old
man
in
the
park，he
is
absorbed
in
reading
newspapers．__
5．只有你来中国的时候才能体验中国的饮食文化。(倒装句)
__Only
when
you
come
to
China
can
you
experience
Chinese
food
culture．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
Do
you
know
the
__1．former__
(form)
president
of
South
Africa，Nelson
Mandela？He
fought
for
the
black
people
and
was
__2．in__
prison
for
nearly
thirty
years．
He
helped
black
people
get
the
equal
rights
with
white
people．
Elias
had
little
education．
Because
his
family
couldn't
afford
__3．to
pay__
(pay)
the
school
fees,
he
had
to
drop
out
of
school．
Then
he
found
a
job
in
a
gold
mine
and
he
worried
about
__4．whether__
he
would
be
out
of
work．
It
was
during
this
difficult
period
of
time
__5．that__
he
met
Nelson
Mandela
for
the
first
time,
who
was
a
black
lawyer
and
offered
__6．guidance__
(guide)
to
poor
black
people
on
their
legal
problems．
At
that
time,
black
people
had
no
rights
__7．to
vote__
(vote)
and
their
life
was
decided
by
the
whites．
Nelson
Mandela
said
to
Elias
that
they
were
put
in
a
position
__8．where__
they
had
either
to
accept
they
were
less
important,
or
fight
the
government．
So
he
decided
to
use
__9．violence__
(violent)．
Though
Elias
didn't
like
violence,
he
helped
Nelson
Mandela
blow
up
some
government
buildings．
He
knew
it
was
dangerous
to
do
it,
but
he
also
knew
it
was
to
realize
their
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
__10．equal__
(equal)．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。
__The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng__，who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China，I
was
touched．
②他的一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。
During
his
life
time，__he
was
devoted
to
scientific
research
and
inventions__，including
the
famous
seismography．
③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。
__As
a
matter
of
fact__，he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismography．
④他从未失去信心并继续研究。
__He
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
with
his
research．__
⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。
He
was
convinced
that
__he
was
equal
to
doing
anything__
only
when
he
believed
in
himself．
⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。
Nothing
could
__reward
his
contributions
to
science__．
?升级平淡句
利用倒装句升级句⑤
__He
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：in
one's
opinion,
however,
above
all等)
__Dear
Jim，__
__The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng，who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China，I
was
touched．
During
his
life
time,
he
was
devoted
to
scientific
research
and
inventions,
including
the
famous
seismography．
As
a
matter
of
fact，he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismography．
However,
he
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
with
his
research．
Above
all，he
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything．
In
my
opinion，nothing
could
reward
his
contributions
to
science．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
4　Earthquakes
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__burst__
vi．
爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发2．__disaster__
n．灾难；灾祸3．__rescue__
n．&
vt．援救；营救4．__bury__
vt．埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5．__destroy__
vt．破坏；毁坏；消灭6．__damage__
n．&
vt．损失；损害7．__ruin__
n．废墟；毁灭vt．毁灭；使破产8．__trap__
vt．
使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境9．__electricity__
n．电；电流；电学10．__sincerely__
adv．真诚地；真挚地11．__judge__
n．裁判员；法官vt．断定；判断；判决12．__shelter__
n．
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
1．(2020·新高考卷)The
solution,
of
course,
was
to
plant
trees
so
the
animals
could
seek
__shelter__(掩蔽处)
during
the
daytime．
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I
have
a
very
strong
fear
that
the
lie
we're
telling
is
doing
spiritual
__damage__(伤害)
to
our
children．
3．She
hid
her
face
in
her
hands
and
__burst__
(burst)
into
tears．4．__Buried__
(bury)
in
his
study,
he
didn't
notice
the
other
classmates
had
left．5．
(2018·北京卷)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
__had
been
trapped__
(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days．6．This
is
one
of
the
worst
natural
__disasters__
(disaster)
ever
to
hit
the
area．7．
The
earthquake
was
so
big
that
most
of
the
houses
in
the
small
village
were
completely
__destroyed__
(destroy)．
8．
Luckily,
my
kind
neighbor
__rescued__
(rescue)
a
little
girl
from
drowning
last
night．
拓展单词
1．__nation__
n．民族；国家；国民→__national__adj．民族的；国家的；国民的→__nationality__
n．国籍2．__shock__vt．&
vi．(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊→__shocking__adj．令人震惊的→__shocked__
adj．感到震惊的3．__injure__
vt．损害；伤害→__injury__
n．伤害；损害→__injured__
adj．受伤的4．__express__
vt．表示；表达
n．快车；速递→__expression__n．表达；表情5．__frighten__
vt．使惊吓；吓唬→__frightened__adj．受惊的；受恐吓的→__frightening__adj．令人恐惧的6．__congratulation__
n．祝贺→__congratulate__
vt．祝贺7．__extreme__
adj．极度的→__extremely__
adv．极度地8．__dirt__
n．污垢；泥土→__dirty__
adj．脏的，肮脏的9．__mine__
n．矿；矿山；矿井→__miner__n．
矿工10．__useless__
adj．无用的；无益的→__useful__
adj．有用的
1．
After
seeing
the
__frightening__
film,
the
__frightened__
boy
was
too
__frightened__to
walk
home
alone
in
the
dark．
(frighten)2．
The
headmaster
wrote
a
letter
to
__congratulate__
her
on
her
good
performance
and
the
exciting
__congratulations__
encouraged
her
greatly．
(congratulate)3．
The
earthquake
__ruined__
our
village
completely,
only
leaving
it
in
__ruins__，but
it
couldn't
__ruin__
our
dream
and
hope．
(ruin)4．We
were
__shocked__
at
the
__shocking__
news
that
he
died
suddenly
yesterday．
(shock)5．Rescuers
said
the
__injured__
were
taken
to
a
hospital
nearby,
and
fortunately
the
__injury__was
not
serious,
not
life
threatening．
(injure)
联想积累：
1．“-ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
①
②
③
2．“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst
爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost花费
③put→put→put
放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt
伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit打
⑦cut→cut→cut砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast预报
3．“adj．＋-ity＝n．荟萃”
①electricity
电；电流；电学
②popularity
受欢迎；流行
③reality
现实
④similarity
相似点
⑤security
安全
⑥equality
平等
4．“自然灾害”大聚焦
①disaster
n．灾难；灾祸
②earthquake
n．地震
③drought
n．干旱；旱灾
④hurricane
n．飓风
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__right
away__立刻；马上
2．__as
if__仿佛；好像
3．__at
an
end__
结束；终结
4．__in
ruins__严重受损；破败不堪
5．__dig
out__掘出；发现
6．__a
(great)
number
of__许多；大量的
7．__cut
off__切断
8．__be
trapped
in__陷入
9．__be
buried
in__埋头于
10．__judging
from__从……判断
11．__give
out__分发；用尽；用完
12．__in
the
open
air__在户外
语境运用
1．There
were
__a
great
number
of__
children
playing
on
the
playground
when
we
arrived．
2．The
rescuers
__gave
out__
food
supplies
and
tents
to
the
survivors
of
the
earthquake．
3．The
soldiers
were
working
hard
__to
dig
out__
the
people
who
were
trapped
in
the
fallen
building．
4．Thank
God!
Our
today's
hard
work
is
__at
an
end__
and
we
can
now
have
a
short
rest
and
then
dinner．
5．
I'm
sorry
that
I
forgot
to
bring
your
medicine
downstairs;
I
will
go
upstairs
and
get
it
__right
away__．
6．__Judging
from__
his
look,
he
doesn't
think
much
of
our
plan．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．In
the
farmyards，the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat．在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too．．．to．．．意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。
1．(2018·北京卷书面表达)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。As
the
old
saying
goes,
“It's
never
__too
late
to
learn__．”
2．It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!世界好像到了末日！
as
if“好像”后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况用虚拟语气。
2．(上海卷写作)孩子们尊敬她就像她是他们的妈妈。The
kids
looked
up
to
her
__as
if/though
she
were
their
own
mother__．
3．All
hope
was
not
lost．并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
本句是部分否定。All．．．not．．．＝Not
all．．．“并不是所有的……都……”。
3．(上海卷写作)但是，并非所有的孩子都认为父母以他们为荣。However,
__not
all
children__
consider
that
their
parents
are
proud
of
them．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．burst
v．
(burst，burst)
(使)爆裂；突发　n．突发；爆裂
归纳拓展
(1)burst
in
闯进来；突然插嘴
burst
into
突然爆发；闯入
(2)burst
into
laughter＝burst
out
laughing
放声大笑
burst
into
tears＝burst
out
crying
放声大哭
burst
with
anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支
(3)a
burst
of．．．一阵……；突然爆发……
巧学助记
burst的多层含义
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①Upon
his
appearance
there
was
__a
burst
of
applause__．
他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。
②Hearing
the
bad
news,
he
__burst
with
anger__
and
decided
to
take
action
to
fight
back．
听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。
③The
police
__burst
in__
and
arrested
the
thief．
警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。
提能—一句多译。
这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。
④The
lovely
boy
__burst
into
tears__
in
public,
which
made
all
the
guests
__burst
into
laughter__．
(burst
into)
⑤The
lovely
boy
__burst
out
crying__
in
public,
which
made
all
the
guests
__burst
out
laughing__．(burst
out)
2．injure
vt．伤害；使受伤；损害
词汇拓展
injured
adj．受伤的
injury
n．伤；伤口；伤害
用法归纳
injure
sb．伤害某人
injure
sb．'s
leg/arm/eye/knee伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛/膝盖
injure
sb．'s
reputation/figure/feelings,
etc．损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等
be/get
seriously/slightly
injured
受重/轻伤
the
injured伤员；伤者
易混辨析
injure
多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound
指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt
多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm
指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do
harm
to
“对……有害”
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Though
__injured__(injure)
in
the
leg,
the
soldier
fought
to
the
end．
②He
suffered
serious
__injuries__(injure)
to
the
arms
and
shoulders．
③The
__injured__(injure)
were
successfully
rescued
from
the
ruins．
夯基—用injure,
wound,
hurt,
harm的正确形式填空。
④He
claimed
that
working
too
hard
was
__harming__
his
health．
⑤He
died
of
a
single
gunshot
__wound__
to
the
left
side
of
his
head．
⑥What
he
said
__hurt__
me
deeply．
⑦One
of
the
players
__injured__
his
knee
and
had
to
be
carried
off．
⑧(2018·北京卷)By
mile
17,
I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
__injured__
ankle
__hurt__
badly．
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
⑨My
left
foot
__was
seriously
injured__
(严重受伤)，so
I
can't
go
with
you
as
planned．
→__With
my
left
foot
seriously
injured__，I
can't
go
with
you
as
planned．(with复合结构)
3．ruin
n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹　vt．(使)毁坏；
毁灭；成为废墟；
使破产
归纳拓展
(1)lie/be
in
ruins
成为废墟
come/go/fall
to
ruin毁灭；灭亡
；崩溃
bring．．．to
ruin
使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin
oneself
毁掉自己；
自取灭亡
ruin
one's
health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(北京卷)When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
__ruins__
(ruin)．
②It
rained
for
two
weeks
on
end,
completely
__ruining__
(ruin)
our
holiday．
③If
you're
addicted
to
playing
computer
games,
you'll
ruin
__yourself__．
提能—一句多译。
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
④He
made
a
mistake,
__which
ruined
his
chance__of
going
abroad．(定语从句)
⑤He
made
a
mistake,
__ruining
his
chance__
of
going
abroad．(分词作状语)
4．judge
n．裁判员；法官　vt．断定；判决；判断
词汇拓展
judg(e)ment
n．判断
make
a
judgement
about．．．
对……作出评价
用法归纳
judge
sb．/sth．by/from．．．
以……判断某人/某事
judging
from/by．．．
从……判断
(常作插入语使用)
judge
sb．/sth．(to
be)
good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平
as
far
as
sb．can
judge
据某人判断
温馨提示
judging
from/by．．．置于句首作状语。v．-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally
speaking一般来说；frankly
speaking坦白地说；considering．．．考虑到……。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·江苏卷)The
economic
impact
of
the
arts
is
often
overlooked
and
badly
__judged__
(judge)．
②I'm
writing
to
invite
you
to
be
__a__
judge
at
our
English
speech
contest
to
be
held
in
our
school
on
June
15．
③__Judging__
(judge)
from
the
above
story,
we
can
draw
the
conclusion
that
we
can't
judge
a
book
__by/from__
its
cover．
提能—完成句子。
④__As
far
as
I
can
judge__，he
will
refuse
to
__make
a
judgement
about__
the
present
situation．
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
5．bury
vt．埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
归纳拓展
(1)bury
one's
head/face
in
hands双手抱头/掩面
(2)be
buried
in＝bury
oneself
in专心于
be
buried
in
thought沉思
名师点津
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be
devoted
to
be
lost/engaged/absorbed
in
focus/concentrate
on
fix/concentrate
one's
attention
on
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He
walked
slowly,
his
hand
__buried__
(bury)
in
his
pocket．
②__Burying__
(bury)
his
face
in
his
hands,
he
tried
to
control
his
weeping．
③She
sat
there
and
said
nothing,
__buried__
(bury)
in
thought．
提能—句式升级。
④Because
she
buried
herself
in
the
film,
she
didn't
know
it
was
snowing
outside．
→__Burying
herself
in
the
film__，she
didn't
know
it
was
snowing
outside．(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→__Buried
in
the
film__，she
didn't
know
it
was
snowing
outside．(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
6．at
an
end
终结；结束
归纳拓展
(1)bring
．．．to
an
end
使……终止
come
to
an
end
结束
put
an
end
to．．．使……终止
(2)make
(both)
ends
meet
量入为出；收支相抵
(3)at
the
end
of．．．
在……末端；在……结束时
by
the
end
of．．．
到……末为止
in
the
end
最后；最终
(4)end
up
with．．．以……结束/告终
end
up
doing
sth．以做……结束
温馨提示
at
an
end后不可接of；at
the
end
of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by
the
end
of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用；by
the
end
of＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by
the
end
of＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①By
the
end
of
next
week,
I
__will
have
finished__
(finish)
most
of
the
work．
②(2020·新高考卷读后续写)Many
of
their
families
were
struggling
to
make
__ends__(end)meet．
③(2020·新高考卷)His
visit,
however,
ended
up
__involving__(involve)a
lot
more
than
that．
提能—一句多译。
会议结束了，我们离开了会议室。
④The
meeting
__was
at
an
end
and
we
left
the
meeting
room__．(at)
⑤The
meeting
__came
to
an
end
and
we
left
the
meeting
room__．(come)
⑥We
__put
an
end
to
the
meeting
and
left
the
meeting
room__．(put)
⑦We
__brought
the
meeting
to
an
end
and
left
the
meeting
room__．(bring)
7．a
great
number
of
许多；大量
归纳拓展
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
名师点津
large
quantities
of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。large
amounts
of后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。the
number
of后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A
large
number
of
books
__have
been
stolen__
(steal)
from
the
library
so
far．
②The
number
of
trees
larger
than
two
feet
across
__has
declined__
(decline)
by
50
percent
in
recent
years．
③More
than
one
doctor
__was
involved__
(involve)
in
the
rescue
that
took
place
after
the
earthquake．
④One
survey
shows
that
large
amounts
of
water
__are
wasted__(waste)
every
year
in
China,
and
that
one
third
is
available
to
be
saved．
⑤Large
quantities
of
land
in
the
area
__have
been
reserved__
(reserve)
for
national
parks
these
years,
which
__are__
(be)
now
home
to
bears,
wolves,
and
other
wild
animals．
⑥A
great
deal
of
money
__was
donated__
(donate)
to
a
university
by
an
ordinary
worker,
which
aroused
public
attention．
提能—单句写作。
⑦__With
more
and
more
forests
being
destroyed，large
quantities
of
good
soil
are
being
washed
away
every
year．__
因为越来越多的树木被破坏，每年都会冲走大量土壤。
8．In
the
farmyard,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat．
在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too＋adj．/adv．＋(for
sb．)
to
do
sth．“(对某人来说)太……不能……”，表示否定意义。
归纳拓展
too．．．to在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
①当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。
②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。
③too．．．to．．．中的too前面有never，can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。
can't．．．too/enough．．．表示“无论……也不为过”。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(牛津高阶)It's
__too
late
to
do__
anything
about
it
now．
现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。
②You
__can't
be
too
careful__
while
driving
a
car．
在开车时，你越小心越好。
③He
is
only
__too
delighted
to__
accept
your
invitation．
他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
④Upon
hearing
the
teacher's
talk,
the
children
probably
felt
that
it
sounded
__too
good
to
be
true__．
听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。
⑤(天津高考)I
hate
it
when
she
calls
me
at
work—I'm
always
__too
busy
to
carry
on__
a
conversation
with
her．
我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。
提能—翻译句子。
⑥(全国卷Ⅰ)In
the
1960s
we
were
all
a
little
wild
and
couldn't
get
away
from
home
far
enough
or
fast
enough
to
prove
we
could
do
it
on
our
own．
__在20世纪60年代，我们都有些狂野，为了证明我们能够独立，我们觉得离家越远越好，离家越快越好。__
⑦(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Nothing
is
too
small
to
celebrate．
__没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。__
9．It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end．
世界好像到了末日。
It
seems/looks
as
if
．．．“似乎/好像……”。as
if引导表语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)as
if从句用陈述语气
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as
if从句用虚拟语气
从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might
do形式(与将来的事实相反)
温馨提示
as
if亦可换为as
though。如果as
if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as
if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Don't
handle
the
vase
as
if
it
__were__(be)
made
of
steel．
②The
man
I
followed
suddenly
stopped
as
if
__to
see__(see)
if
he
was
going
in
the
right
direction．
③Look!
Dark
clouds
are
gathering．It
looks
as
if
it
__is__(be)
going
to
rain．
④They
were
waving
to
us
as
if
__saying__(say)
good-bye．
⑤When
a
pencil
is
partly
put
into
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
__were
broken__(break)．
夯基—单句改错。
⑥The
driver
was
lying
on
the
ground
as
if
injuring
seriously．
__injuring→injured__
提能—单句写作。
⑦(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A
young
couple
in
a
boat
were
eating,
talking
and
laughing
loudly
__as
if
they
were
the
only
people
in
the
world__．
10．All
hope
was
not
lost．
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
部分否定all．．．not．．．＝not
all．．．，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
温馨提示
(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，everywhere,
whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非……都”。
(2)none，neither，no，no
one，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①(2018·天津卷阅读)__Not
everybody__
can
do
that
—
it
takes
years
of
experience,
but
a
printer
makes
it
easy．
不是所有人都能做这件事——它需要好多年的经验，但是打印机使这项工作变得容易了。
②I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said,
but
I
__don't
agree
with
everything/all__．
我同意你讲的大多数内容，但并非同意你讲的全部。
③__Nothing
in
the
world
is
difficult__
if
one
sets
his
mind
to
it．
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
提能—句式升级。
④Not
everything
she
did
pleased
him．(改为全否定)
__Nothing
she
did
pleased
him__．
⑤Both
of
them
are
not
my
brothers．
(改为全否定)
__Neither
of
them
is
my
brother__．
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．__Buried__(bury)
in
a
classic
detective
novel,
the
landlord
didn't
notice
a
thief
was
creeping
up
to
his
bedroom．
解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the
landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Buried。
2．__Judging__(judge)
from
__the__
number
of
cars,
he
thought
there
were
many
people
at
the
shop．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：根据车的数量看，他认为商店里有很多人。judging
from“从……来看；根据……来判断”；the
number
of＋可数名词复数表示“……的数目”。故填Judging；the。
3．(北京卷)If
you
don't
understand
something,
you
may
research,
study,
and
talk
to
other
people
__until__
you
figure
it
out．
解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
__becoming__
(become)an
invaluable
member
of
the
team．
解析：考查固定句式。end
up
doing意为“结果……”，故填becoming。
5．It
was
a
really
__frightening__(frighten)
experience．Afterwards
everybody
was
very
__shocked__(shock)．
解析：考查形容词。句意：这的确是一次令人恐惧的经历。过后每个人都感到非常震惊。frightening常用来描述事物，意为“令人恐惧的”；shocked常用来描述人的感受，意为“(对……感到)震惊的”。故填frightening；shocked。
6．Some
parents
are
just
too
protective．They
want
to
shelter
their
kids
__from__
every
kind
of
danger,
real
or
imagined．
解析：考查固定短语。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。shelter．．．from．．．“保护……免受；庇护……不受……”故填from。
7．It
came
as
__a__
shock
that
__a__
fire
broke
out
in
Shanghai
yesterday,
killing
at
least
5
people．
解析：考查冠词。句意：昨天上海发生了一起火灾，造成至少5人死亡，这个消息真是令人震惊的消息。第一空shock在此被具体化，表示一件具体的事情；第二空表示泛指。故填a；a。
8．Though
__injured__(injure)
in
the
accident,
the
bus
driver
did
all
he
could
to
help
the
passengers
to
safety．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在事故中受了伤，但是那位公交车司机还是尽自己所能把乘客送到了安全的地方。though后省略了句子的主语he和动词be的形式was，所以填injured。
9．(北京卷，22改编)I
live
next
door
to
a
couple__whose__children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise．
解析：考查定语从句。a
couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the
children
of
whom，故填whose。
10．We
haven't
enough
books
for
__everyone/everybody__
so
some
of
you
will
have
to
share．
解析：考查部分否定。句意：我们的书不足以让所有人使用，所以你们有些人必须共用。由句意可知，此处是表示部分否定，所以填everyone/everybody。
11．—I
got
that
job
I
wanted
at
the
public
library．
—__Congratulations__(congratulate)!
That's
good
news．
解析：考查名词。句意：——我得到了那份我想要的在公共图书馆的工作。——祝贺！那是个好消息。根据语境，填Congratulations意为“祝贺”。
12．It
was
John
who
broke
the
window．Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
__had
done__(do)
it?
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？根据第一句话可知，打破窗户的人并非“我”，故此处应该用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。根据broke可知这件事情发生在过去，故用过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反。故填had
done。
13．The
accident
caused
some
damage
__to__
my
car,
but
it's
nothing
serious．
解析：考查固定短语。cause/do
damage
to．．．“伤害……”。故填to。
14．Jack
wasn't
saying
anything,
but
the
teacher
smiled
at
him
__as__
if
he
had
done
something
very
clever．
解析：考查状语从句的引导词。句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝他笑着，就好像他做了非常聪明的事情。as
if“好像”。故填as。
15．I
must
warn
you
that
my
patience
is
__at__
an
end．
解析：考查固定短语。at
an
end“结束”。故填at。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Many
high
buildings
have
arisen
where
there
was
nothing
a
year
ago
but
ruin．
__ruin→ruins__
2．
It's
shocked
that
hospitals
can
deny
help
to
older
people．
__shocked→shocking__
3．Judged
from
her
last
letter，they
were
having
a
wonderful
time．__Judged→Judging__
4．The
earthquake
did
damage
for
the
area
where
many
houses
fell
down
and
many
people
were
trapped
in
ruins．
__for→to__
5．Believe
it
or
not，I
sincere
hope
that
you
can
organize
the
party
well．
__sincere→sincerely__
6．I'm
writing
to
congratulate
you
of
your
winning
first
prize
in
the
English
short
novel
competition
recently．
__of→on__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．他看了一眼映照在镜子里的自己的脸，突然大笑起来。(burst
out)
__He
looked
at
his
face
reflected
in
the
mirror，bursting
out
laughing．__
2．从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。(judge)
__Judging
from
the
response
of
the
audience，the
performance
was
quite
a
success．__
3．这两道数学题并不都难。(部分否定)
(1)__Both
of
the
two
maths
problems
are
not
very
difficult．__
(2)__Not
both
of
the
two
maths
problems
are
very
difficult．__
4．看起来他似乎是个万事通，其实他很蠢。(as
if)
__It
seems
as
if
he
knew
everything，but
in
reality，he
is
stupid．
__
5．我正把我的衣服装箱打包这时听到有人叫我的名字。
(be
doing．．．when)
__I
was
packing
my
clothes
up
when
I
heard
my
name
called．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
A
terrible
earthquake
hit
the
city
of
Tangshan
on
July
28,
1976,
in
__1．which__thousands
of
people
died
and
many
were
injured．
Many
houses
fell
down
and
sand
filled
the
wells
instead
of
water．
Thousands
of
families
were
killed
and
many
children
__2．were
left__
(leave)
without
parents．
People
were
__3．greatly__
(great)
shocked．
All
the
electricity
in
the
city
was
cut
__4．off__
and
people
began
to
wonder
how
long
the
disaster
would
last．
Everywhere
they
looked
nearly
everything
was
__5．destroyed__
(destroy)
and
it
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
__6．end__
．
The
people
of
Tangshan
didn't
lose
hope,
because
150,000
soldiers
were
sent
__7．to
help__
(help)
the
rescue
workers．
The
soldiers
tried
their
best
to
dig
out
those
who
__8．were
trapped__
(trap)．
Workers
also
built
shelters
for
the
survivors．
Fresh
water
was
taken
to
the
city
by
every
means．
__9．Slowly__(slow),
the
city
began
to
come
back
to
life．
__10．It__
was
said
that
before
the
quake,
strange
things
were
happening
in
the
countryside．
In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens,
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat．
Mice
ran
out
of
the
fields
looking
for
places
to
hide．
Strange
noises
were
heard
in
the
sky,
but
people
thought
little
of
them．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I'm
writing
to
__express
my
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue__，because
without
it
my
life
couldn't
have
returned
to
normal．
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A
few
days
ago，__an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown，which
left
many
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house__．
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I
__was
shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house，
so
I
burst
into
tears/burst
out
crying__．
④一切似乎是世界末日。
__It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end．__
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。
Strangers
as
you
are，__you
have
done
everything
in
your
power
to
help
me
have
a
shelter
to
live
in__and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on．
⑥我再怎么感激你们也不为过。
__I
can't
express
my
gratitude
too
much．__
?升级平淡句
1．利用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句①
__I'm
writing
to
express
my
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue，without
which
my
life
couldn't
have
returned
to
normal．__
2．利用分词作状语升级句③
__Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house，I
burst
into
tears/burst
out
crying．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：therefore，as
far
as
I
can
judge，thankfully等)
__Dear
sir/madam，__
__I'm
writing
to
express
my
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
without
which
my
life
couldn't
have
returned
to
normal．
A
few
days
ago,
an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown,
which
left
many
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house．
Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
I
burst
into
tears/burst
out
crying．
As
far
as
I
can
judge，it
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end．
Thankfully,
strangers
as
you
are,
you
have
done
everything
in
your
power
to
help
me
have
a
shelter
to
live
in
and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on．
Therefore,
I
can't
express
my
gratitude
too
much．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
3　Travel
journal
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__flow__vi．
流动；流出n．流动；流量2．__persuade__
vt．说服；劝说3．__shortcoming__
n．
缺点4．__schedule__
n．
时间表；进度表vt．为某事安排时间5．__stubborn__
adj．顽固的；固执的6．__bend__n．
弯；拐角vt．
使弯曲vi．弯身；弯腰7．__transport__n．
运送；运输vt．运输；运送8．__forecast__
n．&
vt．预测；预报9．__view__
n．风景；视野；观点；见解vt．观看；注视；考虑10．__journey__n．旅行；旅程11．__pace__
vi．缓慢而行；踱步n．一步；速度；步调12．__attitude__
n．态度；看法
1．It
is
not
your
intelligence
but
your
__attitude__
(态度)towards
life
that
determines
your
success．2．The
little
girl
is
so
__stubborn__
(固执的)
that
nobody
can
persuade
her
to
change
her
mind．3．(2018·天津卷书面表达)The
World
Adolescent
Robotics
Competition
is
__scheduled__
(schedule)
to
be
held
at
the
end
of
July
in
Tianjin．4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We
are
often
ashamed
of
our
__shortcomings__(shortcoming),
our
mistakes
and
our
failures．5．(全国卷Ⅲ)
Fourteen
wolves
were
caught
and
__transported__
(transport)
to
the
park．6．Everyone
present
at
the
meeting
had
different
__views__
(view),
so
they
failed
to
reach
an
agreement．
拓展单词
1．__disadvantage__
n．不利条件；不便之处→__advantage__
n．有利条件；优势2．__organize__
vt．组织；成立→__organization__n．组织→__organizer__
n．组织者→__organized__
adj．有组织的3．__graduate__
vi．毕业n．大学毕业生→__graduation__
n．毕业；毕业典礼4．__prefer__
vt．更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→__preference__
n．偏爱；爱好5．__determine__
vt．决定；确定；下定决心→__determined
adj．坚决的；有决心的→__determination__n．决心6．__reliable__
adj．可信赖的；可靠的→__rely__
v．依赖；信赖→__reliably__
adv．可靠地7．__cycle__
vi．骑自行车→__cyclist__
n．骑自行车的人8．__finally__
adv．最后；终于→__final__
adj．最后的
1．(2019·浙江卷)When
the
children
are
walking
or
__cycling__
(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,
car
drivers
can
easily
see
them．2．My
brother
is
a
__graduate__
in
physics
and
he
__graduated__from
Beijing
University．
He
has
been
working
in
a
famous
company
after
__graduation__．
(graduate)
3．John
is
very
__reliable__—if
he
promises
to
do
something
he
will
do
it,
so
you
can
__rely__
on
him
to
help
you
when
you
are
in
trouble．
(rely)4．
Li
Hua
is
a
young
man
with
great
__determination__．
He
__determined__
to
go
to
Tibet
after
graduation．__Determined__
never
to
come
back
before
he
could
make
a
big
fortune,
he
left
home
without
saying
a
word．
(determine)
5．He
joined
the
__organization__
which
was
__organized__
by
his
school
as
soon
as
it
was
set
up．
(organize)
联想积累：
1．fore-前缀表“预见的；前部的”
(1)forecast
n．&
v．预测；预报
(2)foresee
v．预见；预知
(3)foretell
v．预见；预测
(4)forehead
n．
前额
(5)foreword
n．前言；序
(6)foresight
n．先见之明；远见
2．“态度”单词聚焦
(1)negative
消极的；否定的→positive
积极的；肯定的
(2)optimistic
乐观的→pessimistic
悲观的
(3)mild温和的→tough强硬的
(4)partial
偏袒的→neutral
中立的
(5)sympathetic
同情的→indifferent漠不关心的
3．“缺点”汇总
(1)weakness
n．弱点；缺点
(2)shortcoming
n．短处；缺点
(3)disadvantage
n．劣势；缺点
(4)defect
n．缺陷；缺点
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__ever
since__自从；自……以后
2．__be
fond
of__喜爱；喜欢
3．__care
about__关心；忧虑；惦念
4．__graduate
from．．．__毕业于……
5．__make
up
one's
mind__下决心；决定
6．__give
in__投降；屈服；让步
7．__as
usual__照常
8．__at
midnight__在午夜
9．__put
up__张贴；搭建；供给……住宿
10．__dream
about/of__梦想
11．__change
one's
mind__改变某人的主意
语境运用
1．
Although
it
was
Sunday
yesterday,
Lily
got
up
early
to
take
exercise
__as
usual__．
2．(2020·新高考卷)That
willpower
bore
fruit
when
Jennifer
__graduated
from__
University
of
Wisconsin-Eau
Claire
and
became
the
first
in
her
large
family
to
earn
a
bachelor's
degree．
3．We
have
been
friends
__ever
since__
we
met
for
the
first
time
at
school．
4．After
reading
some
stories
about
Lin
Qiaozhi,
Lucy
__
changed
her
mind__
and
decided
to
study
medicine．
5．
My
youngest
sister
__is
fond
of__
pop
music,
while
I
enjoy
classical
music．
6．On
weekends,
they
always
drive
to
the
seaside,
where
they
__put
up__
their
tents
to
enjoy
the
sunlight．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Although
she
didn't
know
the
best
way
of
getting
to
places,
she
insisted
that
she
organize
the
trip
properly．尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不太清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
(1)although引导让步状语从句。(2)insist
that．．．(should)
do
sth．“坚持要求……做某事”。
1．(北京卷)虽然鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是一些羽毛也有一些其他用途。__Although__
birds
use
their
feathers
for
flight,
some
of
their
feathers
are
for
other
purposes．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我坚持你应该带一件合适的礼物去拜访你的中国朋友。I
__insisted
that
you
(should)
bring
an
appropriate
gift__
to
visit
your
Chinese
friends．
2．When
I
told
her
the
air
would
be
hard
to
breathe
and
it
would
be
very
cold,
she
said
it
would
be
an
interesting
experience．当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
“主语＋be＋adj．＋to
do”结构。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)就我个人而言，掌握中国绘画知识很容易。As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
__the
knowledge
of
Chinese
paintings__
is
easy
to
master．
3．We
can
hardly
wait
to
see
them!我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
can
hardly/can't
wait
to
do
sth．“迫不及待地要做某事”。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)排球比赛将于11月22日在我们学校体育馆举行，许多学生迫不及待地要去参加比赛。The
volleyball
game
is
scheduled
to
take
place
in
our
school
stadium
on
November
22nd
and
a
number
of
students
__can't
wait
to
join
in
the
competition__．
4．Once
she
has
made
up
her
mind,
nothing
can
change
it．一旦她下定决心，什么也不能使她改变。
once
引导条件状语从句。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一旦你了解了中国餐桌礼仪，你就知道在晚宴上做什么了。__Once
you
have
learned
Chinese
table
manners__，you
will
know
what
to
do
at
the
dinner
party．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．prefer
v．(preferred；preferred；preferring)更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
词汇拓展
preference
n．偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物
用法归纳
(1)prefer
to
do/doing．．．更喜欢做……
prefer
sb．
to
do．．．
更喜欢让某人做……
prefer
(doing)
A
to
(doing)
B与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer
that．．．(should)
do
sth．宁愿……做某事
(2)
(3)give
preference
to
sb．/sth．给某人/某物以优惠/优待
have
a
preference
for．．．偏爱……
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·江苏卷书面表达)I
prefer
the
school
uniform
__to__
the
traditional
Chinese
dress
at
the
welcome
ceremony
next
month．
②Nowadays
many
children
prefer
surfing
the
Internet
at
home
to
__taking__
(take)
exercise
outdoors．
③(2019·天津卷书面表达)Several
reasons
may
account
for
my
__preference__
(prefer)
for
western
painting．
④Rather
than
__ride__(ride)
on
a
crowded
bus,
I
prefer
__to
ride__(ride)
a
bicycle．
提能—一句多译。
我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿意浪费有限的资源。
⑤__I
prefer
to
live
simply
rather
than
waste
the
limited
resources．__
⑥__I
prefer
living
simply
to
wasting
the
limited
resources．__
⑦__I
would
rather
live
simply
than
waste
the
limited
resources．__
⑧__I
would
live
simply
rather
than
waste
the
limited
resources．__
2．persuade
vt．说服；使相信
词汇拓展
persuasion
n．说服；说服力
persuasive
adj．有说服力的
用法归纳
(1)persuade
sb．to
do
sth．＝persuade
sb．into
doing
sth．说服某人做某事
persuade
sb．not
to
do
sth．＝persuade
sb．out
of
doing
sth．说服某人不做某事
(2)persuade
sb．of
sth．/that．．．使某人相信……
(3)try
to
persuade
sb．
to
do
sth．(＝advise
sb．
to
do
sth．)试图说服某人做某事(不一定成功)
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①She
was
persuaded
__to
believe__
(believe)
what
he
said
and
promised
to
help
him
out
of
the
trouble．
②While
shopping,
people
sometimes
can't
help
__being
persuaded__
(persuade)
into
buying
something
they
don't
really
need．
夯基—persuade与advise对比填空。
③Though
I
had
__advised__
her
for
many
times,
I
couldn't
__persuade__
her
to
go
abroad
with
me
because
her
life
experience
has
__persuaded__
her
that
she
could
not
live
on
without
her
parents．
夯基—单句改错。
④Don't
get
yourself
persuaded
to
buying
things
you
don't
really
need．
__to→into或buying→buy__
提能—单句写作。
⑤__Having
been
persuaded
to
change
my
attitude__，I
finally
got
the
right
way
to
rid
myself
of
carelessness
and
gained
confidence
as
well．
在被说服改变态度之后，我终于找到了正确的方法来改掉粗心大意的毛病，也获得了信心。
3．schedule
n．时间表；进度表　vt．为某事安排时间
归纳拓展
(1)a
full/busy/fixed
schedule
繁忙/固定的时间表
ahead
of
schedule(＝ahead
of
time＝in
advance)提前
behind
schedule
晚点；比规定时间晚
on
schedule(＝on
time)准时
(2)be
scheduled
for
．．．定在某时(进行)；定好要……
be
scheduled
to
do
sth．定于某时做某事
巧学助记
The
birthday
party
is
scheduled
at
8
on
Sunday
evening
at
my
house
and
please
be
there
on
schedule．
生日聚会安排在周日晚上8点在我家举行，请按时到达那里。
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①Tasks
__are
scheduled__(安排)
so
tightly
that
break
time
is
often
used
to
finish
the
day's
work．
②Thanks
to
your
help,
we
accomplished
the
task
__ahead
of
schedule/time__(提前)．
③The
new
edition
__is
scheduled__(定于)
to
appear
in
May．
提能—单句写作。
④(课标全国卷Ⅰ)我写信告诉你，我们下次的汉语课安排在下星期六。
__I
am
writing
to
tell
you
that
our
next
Chinese
class
is
scheduled__
on
next
Saturday．
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)比赛被安排在我校体育馆举行，下午两点开始，五点结束。
__The
competition
is
scheduled
to
take
place
in
our
school
stadium，beginning
at
2
p．m．
and
ending
at
5
p．m．．__
4．determine
vt．确定；决定；(使)下定决心
词汇拓展
determined
adj．坚定的；有决心的
determination
n．决心
用法归纳
(1)determine
to
do
sth．决定做某事
determine
on/upon
(doing)sth．决定(做)某事
be
determined
to
do
sth．决心做某事
(2)with
determination坚决地；果断地
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①She
determined
__to
work__
(work)
twice
as
hard
as
before
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time．
②I
have
determined
__on/upon__
working
as
a
volunteer
teacher
in
the
countryside
after
graduation．
③(2018·北京卷)__Determined__
(determine)
to
be
myself,
move
forward,
free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels
(世俗标签)，I
can
now
call
myself
a
“marathon
winner”．
④(2020·新高考卷)Write
a
poem
about
how
courage,
__determination__(determine),
and
strength
have
helped
you
face
challenges
in
your
life．
提能—词汇/句式升级。
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I
know
an
exhibition
of
Chinese
painting
will
be
held
at
the
gallery
next
month．
I
decided
to
work
as
a
volunteer．
→__Knowing
an
exhibition
of
Chinese
painting
will
be
held__
at
the
gallery
next
month,
__I
am
determined
to
work
as
a
volunteer__．(分词作状语)
5．view
n．看法；观点；视野；风景
v．把……看作；观看；注视；考虑
词汇拓展
viewer
n．观看者；观众
用法归纳
(1)in
view
of鉴于；由于；考虑到
in
one's
view
(＝from
one's
point
of
view)
在某人看来
come
into
view
进入视野；看得见
have
a
good
view
of清楚地看到；饱览
(2)view．．．as．．．把……看作……
层级训练
夯基—一词多义——写出下列句子中view的汉语意思。
①This
evidence
supports
the
view
that
there
is
too
much
violence
on
television．
__观点；意见__
②First-generation
Americans
view
the
United
States
as
a
land
of
golden
opportunity．
__把……看作__
③There
were
magnificent
views
of
the
surrounding
countryside．
__景色__
④When
the
old
man
opened
the
window,
a
stranger
with
a
high
hat
came
into
view．__视野__
夯基—单句语法填空。
⑤Finally,
we
climbed
to
the
top
where
I
could
have
a
good
view
__of__
mountains
and
forests．
⑥The
Internet
is
viewed
by
many
people
__as__
a
revolutionary
education
tool．
⑦(2017·江苏)Therefore,
the
film
industry
should
make
greater
efforts
to
attract
more
__viewers__
(view)．
提能—词汇/句式升级。
⑧We
stand
on
the
top
of
Mount
Tai．
We
are
able
to
see
the
beautiful
scenery
of
the
whole
city．
→__Standing
on
the
top
of
Mount
Tai__，we
are
able
to
__have
a
good
view
of__
the
beautiful
scenery
of
the
whole
city．(分词作状语)
6．care
about
关心；在乎；惦念
归纳拓展
(1)care
for
喜欢，爱好；照料
(2)take
care
of(＝look
after＝watch
over)
照顾
in
the
care
of．．．
在……照料下
with
care
小心地；仔细地
Take
care！(＝Be
careful！＝Look
out！＝Watch
out！)当心！
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·新高考卷)Yet,
the
only
one
who
cares
__about__
any
mistake
is
the
one
who
is
speaking．
②(2018·浙江6月卷)This
small
act
will
let
your
neighbors
know
that
you
care
__about__
the
area．
③(四川卷)The
mother
continued
to
care
__for__
the
young
panda
for
more
than
two
years．
提能—单句写作。
④(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)First
of
all,
I
will
have
a
warm
family
where
the
members
will
__love
each
other
and
care
about
each
other__．
首先，我将有一个温暖的家，在这里每位成员相互关心，彼此关爱。
7．make
up
one's
mind
下决心；决定
归纳拓展
change
one's
mind改变主意
read
one's
mind看出某人的心思
fix/keep
one's
mind
on．．．把注意力放在……上
bear/keep
sth．
in
mind记住某事
never
mind没关系；不要紧
名师点津
make
up
one's
mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①I
made
up
my
mind
__to
study__
(study)
harder
rather
than
waste
precious
time
on
those
useless
things．
②With
so
much
noise
around,
the
boy
could
not
fix
his
mind
__on__
what
he
was
doing
at
all．
③We
should
be
responsible
for
the
work
and
keep
teamwork
spirit
__in__
mind．
提能—完成句子。
④The
determined
look
in
their
eyes
told
us
that
nothing
could
make
them
__change
their
minds__．
他们坚定的眼神告诉我们任何东西都不能使他们改变主意。
⑤(2019·天津)—I
guess
you
want
to
go
to
play
tennis．
—You
__read
my
mind__．
That's
exactly
what
I
was
thinking
too．
——我猜，你想去打网球。
——你猜到我的心思了。我正是那么想的。
8．give
in
屈服；让步；投降；认输
归纳拓展
give
in
to．．．屈服于……；迁就……
give
in
sth．上交某物
give
away
赠予；分发；泄露
give
back
归还；恢复
give
off
发出(光、热、烟)
give
out
耗尽；散发；发出(气味等)
give
up
放弃；停止
give
way
to
给……让路
层级训练
夯基—用give的相关短语填空。
①(2018·天津卷，3改编)At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he
__gave
in__
as
she
was
so
confident
about
her
skills．
②Jane
tried
to
keep
up
a
calm
appearance,
but
her
trembling
voice
__gave__
her
__away__．
③(2020·新高考卷)Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve
her
goal,
__giving
up__
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study．
④(2019·北京卷)Phytoplankton
live
at
the
ocean
surface，where
they
pull
carbon
dioxide(二氧化碳)into
the
ocean
while
__giving
off__
oxygen．
⑤After
two
days
our
food
__gave
out__，and
we
had
to
return．
提能—单句写作。
⑥(北京卷书面表达)That
weekend,
we
went
to
a
nearby
neighborhood
and
__gave
away
a
lot
of
money__
to
the
people
there．
那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区，捐赠给那里的人许多钱。
9．Although
she
didn't
know
the
best
way
of
getting
to
places,
she
insisted
that
she
organize
the
trip
properly．
尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不太清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
归纳拓展
从句语气
意义
insist(vt．)
虚拟语气，其谓语动词常用(should＋)动词原形
坚持要求；坚决主张
陈述语气
坚持认为；坚持说
insist(vi．)
其后常接介词on/upon
坚持；坚决主张；硬要
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The
doctor
insisted
that
she
__was__
(be)
seriously
ill
and
that
she
__(should)
be
operated__
(operate)
on
immediately．
②The
man
insisted
__on/upon__
finding
a
taxi
for
me
even
though
I
told
him
I
lived
nearby．
提能—句型转换。
③Though
I
preferred
cycling
to
the
company,
he
insisted
that
he
should
drive
me
there．
→Though
I
preferred
cycling
to
the
company,
he
__insisted
on/upon
driving__
me
there．
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·北京卷)我们老师坚决要求我们要学会知道自己动手的重要性。
Our
__teacher
insisted
that
we
(should)
learn
to
know
the
importance
of
working
with
our
own
hands__．
10．When
I
told
her
the
air
would
be
hard
to
breathe
and
it
would
be
very
cold,
she
said
it
would
be
an
interesting
experience．
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
本句中的画线部分为一常用句型，即“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”。
归纳拓展
(1)在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，不定式用主动形式表达被动意义，如果不定式的动词为不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词。
(2)能用于本句型中的形容词有：easy,
hard,
difficult,
good,
comfortable,
pleasant,
nice等。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo
plants
are
easy
__to
care__
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents．
提能—完成句子。
②The
chair
looks
hard,
but
in
fact,
it
is
__very
comfortable
to
sit
on__．
这把椅子看上去很硬，但事实上坐在上面很舒服。
③I
like
getting
up
early
in
summer．The
morning
air
is
__good
to
breathe__．
夏天，我喜欢早起。早上的空气呼吸起来很好。
④A
man
who
is
so
__difficult
to
please__
must
be
__hard
to
work
with__．
一个很难取悦的人一定很难与之共事。
夯基—单句改错。
⑤This
problem
is
not
easy
to
figure
it
out．
__去掉it__
⑥In
my
view，the
new
flat
is
very
comfortable
to
live．
__live后加in__
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(天津卷，12改编)I'm
going
to
take
advantage
__of__this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take
advantage
of，意为“利用”。故填of。
2．—My
dear,
you
are
always
__throwing__(throw)
things
about．Look,
what
a
mess
in
the
room!
—Sorry,
Mom．
解析：考查时态。句意：——亲爱的，你总是把东西扔得到处都是。看，你的房间多乱啊！——对不起，妈妈。由句意可知，此处妈妈在埋怨孩子把东西到处乱扔，所以用进行时态，因为进行时态与always、forever、constantly等表示频率的词连用，表示说话者的埋怨、评判或者表扬等语气，意为“总是，老是”。故填throwing。
3．—Got
your
driving
license?
—Yes．It
is
a
week
since
I
__passed__(pass)
the
driving
test．
解析：考查时态和固定句型。it
is/has
been
some
time
since
sb．
did
sth．“自从某人做某事有多长时间了”。故填passed。
4．I
__am
finishing__(finish)
my
work．Please
wait
for
me
for
a
while,
and
then
let's
go
home
together．
解析：考查现在进行时表将来。根据句子后半部分“请等我一会，咱们一起回家”可知工作马上要完成了，所以此处用现在进行时表示将来。故填am
finishing。
5．In
May,
as
__scheduled__(schedule),
the
product
was
launched,
apparently
with
great
success．
解析：考查省略句。句意：今年五月，这个产品按计划推出，显然十分成功。把从句补全后应为：as
the
product
was
scheduled。故填scheduled。
6．(2020·天津卷)The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
__has
remained__
(remain)
around
that
level
ever
since．
解析：考查时态。由ever
since可知，用现在完成时。故填has
remained。
7．Parents
should
have
a
proper
attitude
__to/toward(s)__
boys
who
have
suffered
so
much
from
an
addiction
__to__
computer
games．
解析：考查固定短语。attitude
to/toward(s)
sb．/sth．“对某人或某事的态度，看法”；addiction
to
sth．“沉溺于……”。故填to/toward(s)；to。
8．According
to
the
news,
there
will
not
be
as
many
entertainment
programs
__as__
usual
on
television．
解析：考查固定短语。句意：根据新闻，在电视上将不会像往常那样有那么多的娱乐节目了。as
usual“像往常”，符合句意。故填as。
9．(2018·天津卷阅读)I
could
hardly
wait
__to
try__(try)
this
adventure
again．
解析：考查固定句型。couldn't/could
hardly
wait
to
do
sth．“迫不及待做某事”。故填to
try。
10．It
being
Sunday,
rather
than
__stay__(stay)
at
home,
I
preferred
__to
travel__(travel)．
解析：考查固定句型。prefer
to
do．．．rather
than
do．．．“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。句意：因为今天是周日，我宁愿去旅行而不愿待在家里。故填stay；to
travel。
11．(陕西，20改编)I
believe
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time
here
__once__you
get
to
know
everyone
else．
解析：考查连词。once“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。句意：你一旦认识了这儿的任何别的人，我相信你会在这儿玩得很愉快。故填once。
12．__Once__you
start
eating
in
a
healthier
way,
weight
control
will
become
much
easier．
解析：考查状语从句引导词。句意：一旦你开始用一种更健康的方式吃，体重控制将会变得容易得多。once“一旦，一经”，引导时间状语从句。根据句中的关键词语in
a
healthier
way(用一种更健康的方式)和weight
control
will
become
much
easier(体重控制将会变得容易得多)可知应用once来引导时间状语从句。故填Once。
13．(2018·6月浙江卷)You
probably
__have
used__
(use)
caffeine
since
childhood．
解析：考查时态。由时间状语since
childhood可知，用现在完成时。故填have
used。
14．I
have
heard
a
lot
of
good
things
about
you
__since__
I
came
back
from
abroad．
解析：考查状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，我已经听说了很多关于你的好事了。由主句时态用了现在完成时，可知时间是“自从过去时间以来”，故填since“自从……以来”。
15．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读)People
settle
in
these
places
because
they
are
easy
__to
get__
(get)to
and
naturally
suited
to
communications
and
trade．
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：人们在这些地方定居因为这些地方容易到达而且天生适合交流和贸易。在“be
＋
adj．＋不定式”结构中，应用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。故填to
get。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Encouraged
by
the
speech,
the
young
people
made
up
their
mind
to
take
up
the
struggle．
__mind→minds__
2．I
am
tired
of
the
partner
I
have
been
working
with;
he
is
too
hard
a
person
to
get
along．
__along后加with__
3．What
I
care
for
is
whether
we
can
have
a
good
time
in
the
voyage．
__for→about__
4．It
was
a
great
fun
swimming
in
the
river
especially
as
it
gradually
became
much
warmer．
__去掉a__
5．The
scientist
prefers
going
to
work
on
foot
every
day
to
drive
his
car．
__drive→driving__
6．I'm
so
sorry
that
I
failed
to
finish
repairing
your
car
in
schedule．
__in→on__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．即使建议他饮用开水，他还只喜欢喝果汁。(even
if；boil；prefer)
__Even
if
he
was
advised
to
drink
boiled
water，he
just
preferred
to
drink/drinking
juice．__
2．正是因为他频繁的要求，他们昨天举办了一次小型聚会。(强调句型；request；organize)
__It
was
because
of
his
frequent
request
that
they
organized
a
small
party
yesterday．__
3．这台机器如此容易操作以至于任何人都可以在几分钟内学会使用它。(主语＋be＋adj．＋不定式；so．．．that．．．)
__This
machine
is
so
easy
to
operate
that
anyone
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes．__
4．一个意志力坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多么艰难。(determined;
no
matter＋疑问词)
__A
determined
person
always
tries
to
finish
the
job，no
matter
how
hard
it
is．__
5．我迫不及待地想和他进行一次面对面的交谈。(can't
wait
to
do．．．)
__I
can't
wait
to
have
a
face-to-face
talk
with
him．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
I
am
fond
of
my
sister
__1．but__
she
has
one
serious
shortcoming．She
can
be
really
stubborn．__2．Although__she
didn't
know
the
best
way
of
getting
to
places,
she
insisted
that
she
__3．(should)organize__(organize)
the
trip
properly．Now
I
know
that
the
proper
way
is
always
her
way．I
kept
__4．asking__
(ask)
her,
“When
are
we
leaving
and
when
are
we
coming
back？”
I
asked
her
__5．whether__
she
had
looked
at
a
map
yet．Of
course
she
hadn't；my
sister
doesn't
care
__6．about__
details．So
I
told
her
that
the
source
of
the
Mekong
is
in
Qinghai
Province．She
gave
me
__7．a__
determined
look—the
kind
that
said
she
would
not
change
__8．her__
mind．When
I
told
her
that
our
journey
would
begin
__9．at__
an
altitude
of
more
than
5,000
metres,
she
seemed
to
be
__10．excited__(excite)
about
it．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条路线可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
①你建议的路线；②你的理由；③你的祝愿。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你自毕业后一直梦想到中国游玩，并已决定到中国来，我很高兴。
I'm
delighted
to
learn
that
__you
have
dreamt
about/of
visiting
China
ever
since
graduation__
and
that
__you
have
made
up
your
mind
to
come
to
China
__．
②对你的到来，我感到非常兴奋，并迫不及待地给你以下建议。
I'm
excited
about
your
coming，so
__I
can
hardly
wait
to
give
you
some
recommendations__．
③相比泰山之旅，我更喜欢长江之行。
__I
prefer
the
tour
along
the
Yangtze
to
the
trip
to
Mountain
Tai．__
④通过长江之行，你会更好地了解中国的历史及其人民。(一般将来时)
Through
the
trip
to
the
Yangtze，__
you
will
have
a
good
knowledge
of
the
history
of
China
and
its
people__．
⑤长江沿岸不仅风景非常迷人，而且空气呼吸起来很新鲜。
__The
views
along
the
river
are
not
only
very
attractive
but
also
the
air
is
fresh
to
breathe．__
⑥我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择。
__I
insist
the
trip
along
the
Yangtze
is
a
better
choice．
__
?升级平淡句
1．利用分词作状语升级句②
__Excited
about
your
coming，I
can
hardly
wait
to
give
you
some
recommendations．
__
2．利用强调句式升级句④
__It
is
through
the
trip
to
the
Yangtze
that
you
will
have
a
good
knowledge
of
the
history
of
China
and
its
people．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：therefore，personally，to
begin
with，more
importantly等)
__Dear
Jim，__
__I'm
delighted
to
learn
that
you
have
dreamt
about/of
visiting
China
ever
since
graduation
and
that
you
have
made
up
your
mind
to
come
to
China．
Excited
about
your
coming，I
can
hardly
wait
to
give
you
some
recommendations．
Personally,
I
prefer
the
tour
along
the
Yangtze
to
the
trip
to
Mountain
Tai．
To
begin
with，it
is
through
the
trip
to
the
Yangtze
that
you
will
have
a
good
knowledge
of
the
history
of
China
and
its
people．
More
importantly，the
views
along
the
river
are
not
only
very
attractive
but
also
the
air
is
fresh
to
breathe．
Therefore，I
insist
the
trip
along
the
Yangtze
is
a
better
choice．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
1　Friendship
必备知识·盘点夯基
,BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__upset__
adj．心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt．使不安；使心烦2．__calm__
vt．&
vi．
(使)平静；(使)镇定adj．平静的；镇静的3．__grateful__
adj．
感激的；表示谢意的4．__outdoors__
adv．在户外；在野外5．__teenager__
n．十几岁的青少年6．__partner__
n．
伙伴；合作者；合伙人7．__dusk__
n．
黄昏；傍晚8．__ignore__
vt．
不理睬；忽视9．__settle__vi．
安家；定居；停留vt．使定居；安排；解决10．__tip__
n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt．倾斜；翻倒11．__pack__
vi．&
vt．捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹12．__exactly__
adv．
确实如此；正是；确切地
1．(2020·天津卷)The
deep,
gentle
voice
helped
__calm__(平静)
the
nervous
girl．2．(2020·浙江卷)Another
habit
I
formed
early
was
being
__outdoors__(在户外)．3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I
was
__grateful__(感激的)for
this
opportunity
to
get
close
to
nature．4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Filled
with
curiosity,
the
artist
__packed__(打行李)
his
bags
and
left．5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It's
hard
to
tell
__exactly__(exact)how
many
people
agree
with
him,
but
research
indicates
that
the
numbers
have
been
rising
for
some
time．6．They
went
to
watch
the
basketball
match,
__ignoring__
(ignore)
the
consequence
he
would
face．7．(2018·浙江卷6月)I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum's
home
for
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
__tips__
(tip)
from
her．8．The
summer
camps
are
really
beneficial
to
__teenagers__
(teenager),
so
you
can
ask
your
son
to
take
part
in
one
this
year．
拓展单词
1．__power__
n．
能力；力量；权力→__powerful__
adj．
强大的；有力的→__powerless__
adj．无能为力的；无权的2．__concern__
vt．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系→__concerned__
adj．
担心的；忧虑的→__concerning__
prep．
关于；涉及3．__suffer__vt．&
vi．遭受；忍受；经历→__suffering__
n．折磨；苦难4．__entire__
adj．整个的；完全的；全部的→__entirely__
adv．完全地；全然地；整个地5．__recover__
vi．&
vt．痊愈；恢复；重新获得→__recovery
n．
恢复；复苏；康复6．__dusty__
adj．积满灰尘的→__dust__
n．灰尘7．__disagree__
vi．不同意→__agree__
vi．同意→__agreement__n．协议；同意，一致8．__loose__
adj．松的→__loosely__adv．
松地9．__dislike__
vt．&
n．不喜欢→__like__
vt．
&
n．喜欢
1．The
old
man
went
through
a
lot
of
__sufferings__
in
the
old
days．What's
worse,
he
__suffered__
from
heart
attack
when
he
was
in
his
eighties．
(suffer)2．The
doctor
said
her
father
would
__recover__
soon
and
we
wish
her
father
would
make
a
full
__recovery__
from
the
operation．
(recover)3．Although
a
great
number
of
citizens
__agreed__
to
the
plan,
others
__disagreed__，so
no
__agreement__
was
reached
finally．
(agree)4．The
__entire__
village
was
destroyed．
It
now
looks
__entirely__
different
from
the
previous
one．
(entire)5．Our
parents
are
__concerned__
about
our
health．
As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
we
should
talk
with
them
and
tell
them
our
__concerns__．
(concern)6．The
room
was
very
__dusty__
when
I
walked
in．
All
the
furniture
was
covered
in
__dust__．
(dust)7．As
we
all
know,
China
will
become
more
and
more
__powerful__
since
Xi
Jinping
came
to
__power__．(power)
联想积累：
1．“n．＋-y”构成的形容词
①dirt→dirty
　脏的
②smell→smelly
臭的
③rain→rainy
多雨的
④snow→snowy
被雪覆盖的
⑤cloud→cloudy
阴天的
⑥wind→windy
有风的
⑦health→healthy
健康的
2．dis-否定前缀高频词集锦
①disagree
vi．
不同意
②dislike
vt．
不喜欢
③disappear
vi．
消失
④disappoint
vt．
使失望
⑤discourage
vt．
使气馁
⑥discover
vt．
发现
⑦disobey
vt．
违反
3．“感谢”家族
①grateful
adj．
感激的
gratitude
n．
感激
②appreciate
v．
感激；感谢
appreciation
n．
感激
③thank
v．
感谢
thankful
adj．
感激的
④acknowledge
v．
致谢；感谢
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
1．__add
up__
合计
2．__calm
(．．．)down__
(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．__be
concerned
about__
关心；挂念
4．__go
through__经历；经受
5．__set
down__
记下；放下；登记
6．__on
purpose__故意
7．__face
to
face__面对面地
8．__suffer
from__
遭受；患病
9．__pack
(sth．)
up__
将(东西)装箱打包
10．__fall
in
love__相爱；爱上
11．__a
series
of__一连串的；一系列；一套
12．__at
dusk__在黄昏时刻
13．__no
longer/not．．．any
longer
__不再……
14．__get/be
tired
of__
对……厌烦
15．__get
along
with__与……相处；进展
16．__join
in__
加入
17．__in
order
to__
为了
语境运用
1．My
grandmother
__went
through__
a
lot
during
her
life,
and
she
used
to
tell
us
stories
that
had
happened
to
her．
2．Just
put
all
the
things
in
the
shopping
cart,
and
the
cashier
will
take
the
goods
and
__add
up__
the
cost
at
the
counter．
3．(全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)If
you
are
interested,
you
can
also
__join
in__
paper-cutting．
4．Although
I
experienced
__a
series
of__
difficulties,
I
gained
a
lot—many
new
friends
and
the
ability
to
communicate．
5．You
can
__set
down__
the
important
points
and
then
go
over
them
before
the
exam．
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)China
is
__no
longer__
just
another
market;
in
many
senses
it
has
become
the
market．
7．(2018·浙江卷6月，书面表达)__In
order
to__
practise
my
speaking
skills
and
get
more
experience,
I'm
eager
to
be
taken
on
for
this
job．
8．The
Russia
World
Cup
over,
the
volunteers
__packed
up__
and
got
ready
to
return
home．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．While
walking
the
dog,
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car．遛狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，结果狗被车撞了。
“while＋doing”是状语从句的省略形式。
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在享受亲近大自然的同时，我们开始帮忙摘桃子。__While
enjoying
being
close
to
nature__，we
began
to
help
pick
peaches．
2．She
and
her
family
hid
away
for
nearly
twenty-five
months
before
they
were
discovered．她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，书面表达)如果你错过了今年的音乐节，可能要过很长一段时间才能有机会再参加这样的音乐会。If
you
miss
this
year's
music
festival,
it
may
be
a
long
time
__before
you
can
get
another
chance
to
attend
such
a
music
concert__．
3．It
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd
seen
the
night
face
to
face．这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It/
This/That
is/was
the
first
time
that
sb．
has(have)/
had
done
sth．这/那是某人第一次做某事。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)这是我第一次写申请信和个人简历。This
is
the
first
time
that
I
__have
written__
an
application
and
the
personal
resume．
4．It's
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I've
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature．这是因为我很久不去户外以至于我对大自然的一切如此着迷。
It
is/was．．．that．．．是强调句型结构。
4．(2018·天津卷)直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。__It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
that__
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat．
5．I
can
well
remember
there
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound．我记得很清楚曾经有一段时间，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花从未让我如此神往过。
There
was
a
time
when．．．句型中，when引导定语从句修饰先行词time。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)曾经有一段时期，人们可能对于去餐馆吃饭定一个人的座位而感到尴尬，但是这样的日子已经过去了。__There
was
a
time
when__
people
may
have
felt
awkward
about
asking
for
a
table
for
one,
but
those
days
are
over．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．upset
adj．(仅作表语)心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt．(upset,
upset)使不安；使心烦；打翻
用法归纳
(1)be
(feel)
upset
about/over/at
sth．为某事心烦
be
upset
to
do
sth．为做某事感到不安/难过
an
upset
stomach肠胃不适；腹泻
(2)(sth．)
upset
sb．(某事)使某人心烦意乱
(sb．)
upset
sth．(某人)打/弄翻某物
upset
a
plan/an
arrangement
打乱计划/安排
巧学助记
Several
flies
kept
upsetting
Xiaoli
when
she
was
doing
her
homework．She
was
so
upset
that
she
upset
the
cup
on
the
desk．
小丽做作业的时候，几只苍蝇一直打扰她。她心烦意乱，结果打
翻了桌子上的杯子。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(牛津高阶)Don't
upset
yourself
__about__
it—let's
just
forget
it
ever
happened．
②He
arrived
an
hour
late，__upsetting__(upset)
our
arrangements．
③(2018·天津卷阅读)She
was
too
upset
__to
spend__(spend)
much
time
at
the
real
museum．
④The
other
day，all
my
plans
__were
upset__
(upset)
by
the
sudden
change
of
the
bad
weather．
提能—词汇/句式升级。
⑤(2019·浙江6月卷写作)You
will
return
to
your
country
soon
and
that
makes
me
sad．
→You
will
return
to
your
country
soon,
__which
makes
me
upset__．(定语从句)
→__What
upsets
me
is
that__
you
will
return
to
your
country
soon．(what引导的主语从句)
2．ignore
vt．不理睬；忽视
词汇拓展
ignorance
n．
无知；愚昧；不知道
ignorant
adj．无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
用法归纳
(1)ignore
sb．/sth．不理睬某人/某事
(2)be
ignorant
of/about
sth．不知道某事
(3)out
of
ignorance出于无知
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(安徽卷)__Ignoring__(ignore)
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make．
②(2018·北京卷)Sometimes
__ignorance__
(ignore)
and
negative
outlooks
on
situations
can
create
anger．
③(2020·江苏卷)How
__ignorant__
(ignore)
are
we?
提能—完成句子。
④__Having
been
ignored__
for
many
years,
the
novelist
suddenly
became
famous．
被淡忘了多年后，这位小说家突然名声大噪。
⑤Sometimes
children
do
dangerous
things
__out
of
ignorance__．
有时孩子们出于无知做一些危险的事。
3．calm
vt．
&
vi．(使)平静；(使)镇静　adj．冷静的；平静的
词汇拓展
calmly
adv．平静地；冷静地
用法归纳
(1)calm
sb．/oneself
down让某人/自己冷静下来
calm
one's
nerves镇定神经
calm
the
pain减轻痛苦
(2)be/stay/keep/remain
calm保持镇静
易混辨析
calm
平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent
寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的
层级训练
夯基—一言辨异。
①When
facing
danger，one
should
keep__calm__；when
taken
photos，
one
should
keep__still__；when
someone
else
is
asleep，one
should
keep
__quiet__；in
class，one
shouldn't
keep__silent__about
the
teacher's
questions．
当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时，要保持安静；而在课上，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。
夯基—单句改错。
②(四川高考短改)Don't
panic
or
get
out
of
line,
and
try
to
remain
quiet
and
calmly．
__calmly→calm__
③(四川高考短改)But
whatever
the
result
is,
I
will
face
it
calm．
__calm→calmly__
提能—完成句子。
④He
took
a
few
deep
breaths
to
__calm
himself
down__．
他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。
⑤(牛津高阶)It's
important
to
__keep/remain/stay
calm__
in
an
emergency．
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
4．concern
vt．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
词汇拓展
concerned
adj．担心的；关注的
concerning
prep．有关；关于
用法归纳
concern
oneself
about．．．
对……表示关心
be
concerned
about
sth．担心……；关心……
be
concerned
with．．．与……有关；涉及；关心……
as/so
far
as．．．be
concerned就……而言；依……之见
名师点津
concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语要后置。例如：a
concerned
look关切的神色；the
authorities
concerned有关当局。
巧学助记
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
the
problem
of
air
pollution
is
a
great
concern
for
many
people
and
they
hope
the
departments
concerned
take
necessary
measures
to
deal
with
it．
就我而言，空气污染是许多人关心的问题，他们希望有关部门采取必要的措施解决它。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(天津卷)As
far
as
I'm
__concerned__(concern)，everyone
here
is
a
member
of
our
big
family．
②All
the
people__concerned__(concern)
with
the
case
will
be
questioned
by
the
police．
③I
am
writing
to
see
if
it
is
possible
for
you
to
provide
me
with
information
__concerning__(concern)
the
interview．
夯基—单句改错。
④(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)My
mom
is
really
concerning
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
family．
__concerning→concerned__
提能—完成句子。
(重庆高考书面表达)就我个人而言，花太多的时间玩智能手机是不明智的。
⑤__As
far
as
I'm
concerned/Personally(speaking)/In
my
opinion/From
my
point
of
view__，it's
not
wise
to
spend
much
time
playing
with
smart
phones．
⑥(2018·江苏卷阅读)It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
“__be
overly
concerned
about__
‘bad'
tables，”
given
that
they're
profitable．
可以得出结论：餐馆经营者没必要过度关注不好的餐位，只要它们可以带来利润。
5．settle
vi．安家；定居；停留　vt．使定居；安排；解决
词汇拓展
settler
n．
移居者；(问题等的)解决者
settlement
n．定居点；解决；协议；偿清
settled
adj．稳定的；习惯的
用法归纳
settle
down
舒适地坐下；定居；安顿下来；平静下来
settle
down
to
doing．．．开始认真做……(to是介词)
settle
in/into．．．适应(新环境、新工作)
巧学助记
When
the
settlers
first
arrived,
they
found
there
were
no
houses
there
and
they
settled
the
problem
by
building
their
own
settlements
and
began
to
settle
down．
当殖民者刚到达的时候，他们发现那里没有房子，他们通过自己建立定居点解决了那个问题，开始定居在那里。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
__settlements__
(settle)．
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Soon
afterwards,
many
of
those
people
started
settling
__down__
to
become
farmers,
and
their
languages
too
became
more
__settled__
(settle)
and
fewer
in
number．
③With
so
much
noise
outside,
I
couldn't
settle
down
to
__going__
(go)
over
my
lessons．
提能—句式升级。
④The
problem
was
settled
so
they
were
happy
and
relaxed．
→__With
the
problem
settled__，they
were
happy
and
relaxed．
(用with复合结构改写)
→__Because/As
the
problem
was
settled__，they
were
happy
and
relaxed．(改为含有状语从句的复合句)
6．suffer
vi．感到疼痛/痛苦　vt．遭受；经历
词汇拓展
suffering
n．
[U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦/疼痛/困难；[C]痛苦；苦恼的事
sufferer
n．患病者；受苦者；受难者
用法归纳
(1)suffer
from．．．受……折磨；受……之苦；患……病
suffer
from
cold
and
hunger饥寒交迫
(2)suffer
pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The
old
man
is
said
to
have
gone
through
varieties
of
__sufferings__
(suffer)
during
the
war．
②(全国卷Ⅰ)With
no
rain
for
over
a
year,
the
city
is
__suffering__(suffer)
from
unusually
hot
weather．
提能—完成句子。
③(牛津高阶)Many
companies
are
__suffering
from__
a
shortage
of
skilled
staff．
许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。
④(江苏高考书面表达)There
is
no
denying
that
our
earth
__is
suffering
severe
damage__
．
不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
7．recover
vi．&
vt．痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补
词汇拓展
recovery
n．恢复；痊愈；改善；复苏
make
a
recovery
from．．．从……恢复过来
recoverable
adj．
可恢复的；可重获的
用法归纳
recover
from．．．
从……恢复
recover
sth．from
sb．/sth．从……追回/找回……
recover
losses/one's
lost
watch弥补损失/找回失去的手表
recover
oneself恢复健康；清醒过来；静下心来；重新站稳
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(牛津高阶)He
is
still
recovering
__from__
his
operation．
②She
seemed
upset
but
quickly
recovered
__herself__．
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In
these
places
patients
can
go
to
be
near
nature
during
their
__recovery__
(recover)．
提能—一句多译。
尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后他终于康复了。
④Even
though
he
was
injured
seriously
in
the
car
accident,
he
finally
__recovered
from__
it．
⑤Even
though
he
was
injured
seriously
in
the
car
accident,
he
finally
__made
a
recovery
from__
it．
8．power
n．能力；力量；权力；动力
词汇拓展
powerful
adj．强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的
用法归纳
come
to/into
power
开始掌权；上台
in
power
当权
do
everything
in
one's
power
(＝do/try
one's
best
to
do
sth．；spare
no
effort
to
do
sth．；make
an
effort
to
do
sth．)尽力而为；竭尽全力
beyond
one's
power
超出某人的能力
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·江苏卷)It
seems
obvious
that
these
have
made
humankind
the
most
__powerful__(power)
animal
on
earth．
②When
the
person
__in__
power
is
absent,
people
will
do
as
they
like．
③After
he
came
__to/into__
power,
the
President
delivered
a
wonderful
speech．
提能—一句多译。
④运动员们给我留下了深刻的印象，他们竭尽全力去争夺金牌。
a．__The
athletes
did
everything
in
their
power
to
compete
for
the
gold
medals__，which
left
me
a
deep
impression．
(power)
b．__The
athletes
made
an
effort/spared
no
effort
to
compete
for
the
gold
medals__，which
left
me
a
deep
impression．
(effort)
c．__The
athletes
tried/did
their
best
to
compete
for
the
gold
medals__，which
left
me
a
deep
impression．(best)
提能—熟词生义。
⑤The
tractor
is
powered
by
a
diesel
engine
(柴油机)．
__v．给(车辆或机器)提供动力__
9．add
up合计；加起来；合情理；说得通；积少成多；聚沙成塔
归纳拓展
(1)add
to增加；增添
add．．．to．．．把……添加/加入……里
add
up
to总计；合计达到；意味着
(2)addition
n．附加
in
addition另外
in
addition
to
除……之外
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The
money
he
spent
within
a
month
added
__up__
to
more
than
1,
000
dollars．
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
short
film
will
surely
add
__to__
your
further
understanding
of
the
development
of
our
school．
③(2018·浙江卷阅读表达)Eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
affordable
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
__
up__．
夯基—熟词生义。
④(2019·浙江卷)He
added
that
he
hopes
people
in
other
cities
might
try
similar
projects
and
post
their
own
videos
on
the
Internet．
__vi．补充说__
提能—单句写作。
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)__In
addition__，the
elderly
are
usually
__the
first
to
taste
the
food__
served
on
the
table
because
__they
are
well
respected
in
China__．
此外，在中国因为老年人是很受人尊敬的，他们最先品尝端上桌的食物。
10．go
through穿过；通过；用完；完成；经历；仔细检查；(法案等)通过
归纳拓展
(1)go
through常与下列名词搭配
go
through(查找；搜寻)a
building/room,
etc．
go
through(经历)struggle/hardship/war，etc．
go
through(穿过；通过)a
forest/tunnel,
etc．
go
through(仔细审查；查阅)books/letters/arguments/documents/data,
etc．
go
through(用完)money,
etc．
(2)go
against违背；违反
go
by逝去；过去
go
on继续；进行；发生
go
out出去；熄灯
go
over复习；仔细检查
go
up上涨；上升；攀登
层级训练
夯基—一词多义——写出下列句中go
through的含义。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
could
take
some
time
to
go
through
my
application．
__审阅；浏览__
②The
plan
went
through,
which
made
us
all
happy．
__(法案等)通过__
③(2017·江苏卷书面表达)However,
the
film
market
may
go
through
a
slowdown
in
the
near
future．
__经历__
④I
had
just
gone
through
my
homework
when
the
telephone
rang．
__完成__
夯基—用go的相关短语填空。
⑤(四川高考书面表达)Our
teacher
chose
many
important
exercises
for
us,
and
I
__went
over__
the
language
points
at
the
same
time．
⑥(福建高考)Not
until
he
__went
through__
real
hardship
did
he
realize
the
love
we
have
for
our
families
is
important．
⑦The
two
brothers
both
__went
against__
their
father's
will,
which
made
him
very
upset．
⑧A
year
__went
by__，but
I
didn't
hear
from
him．
⑨(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Even
worse,
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
__goes
up__．
提能—完成句子。
⑩He
__went
through
many
difficulties__，which
didn't
cast
him
down．
他经历了许多困难，这都没有使他沮丧。
11．set
down记下；放下；登记；让某人下车
归纳拓展
set
about
sth．/doing
sth．开始/着手做某事
set
apart使分开；使与众不同
set
aside搁置；留出
set
off引爆；出发；动身；燃放
set
out出发；着手去干；陈述
set
up设立；安装；创办
层级训练
夯基—根据句意用set短语的正确形式填空。
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Moreover,
with
the
stadium
__set
up__，a
wide
range
of
sports
events
are
able
to
be
held．
②He
was
asked
to
__set
down__the
facts
before
he
forgot
them．
③(2020·新高考卷)After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition(学费),
because
there
was
no
extra
money
__set
aside__
for
a
college
education．
提能—一句多译。
依我看，是我们着手解决分歧的时候了。
④__As
far
as
I'm
concerned，it's
time
for
us
to
set
about
settling
the
disagreement__．
⑤__As
far
as
I'm
concerned，it's
time
for
us
to
set
out
to
settle
the
disagreement__．
12．get
along/on
with与……相处；进展
归纳拓展
(1)get
along/on
well/nicely
with
sb．与某人相处得好
get
along/on
well/nicely/smoothly
with
sth．某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get
across讲清楚；(使)被领会
get
away
with．．．做坏事而不受罚
get
over克服
get
into进入；染上
get
down
to
doing认真做；开始着手做
get
in进入；抵达；收获；插(话)
get
through(电话)接通；用完；通过
get
rid
of消灭；摆脱；除掉
层级训练
夯基—根据括号内的汉语提示用get短语完成下列句子。
①I
used
to
quarrel
a
lot
with
my
parents,
but
now
we
__are
getting
along/on
well/fine，nicely__(相处得很好)．
②It's
going
to
rain,
Xiao
Feng．Will
you
help
me__get
in
the/my
clothes__(收起衣服)on
the
line?
③He
is
not
very
good
at
__getting
his
ideas
across__(表达自己的思想)．
④I've
been
suffering
from
a
bad
cold
for
over
a
week,
but
I
can't
__get
rid
of
it__(老是好不了)．
⑤The
headmaster
wouldn't
have
students
__getting
away
with
cheating
in
the
exam__(考试作弊而不受罚)．
⑥(牛津高阶)It's
time
that
I
__got
down
to
thinking
about__(认真思考)that
essay．
提能—单句写作。
⑦(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As
a
Chinese
painting
lover,
I
know
a
lot
about
this
art
form．
I
hold
the
firm
belief
that
I
__can
get
along/on
smoothly
with
my
work__．
作为一个中国画爱好者，我对这种艺术形式很了解。我坚信我能顺利地完成我的工作。
13．While
walking
the
dog,
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car．
遛狗的时候，你不小心把狗松开了，结果狗被车撞了。
本句中的while
walking
the
dog是状语从句while
you
were
walking
the
dog的省略形式。
归纳拓展
省略句的条件
when,
while,
if,
unless,
however,
as
if,
once,
though,
although等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While
Queensland
Rail
makes
every
effort
to
ensure
trains
run
as
__scheduled__(schedule)，there
can
be
no
guarantee
of
connections
between
trains
or
between
train
services
and
bus
services．
②(湖南高考)Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
__left__(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands．
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You
must
keep
these
points
in
mind
while
__setting__(set)
your
goals．
④(江苏高考)Firstly,
people
may
feel
forced
when
__asked__
(ask)
to
do
things
that
they
don't
want
to．
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's
approach
to
protecting
its
environment
while
__feeding__(feed)
its
citizens
“offers
useful
lessons
for
agriculture
and
food
policymakers
worldwide，”
says
the
bank's
Juergen
Voegele．
提能—句式升级。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If
I
am
accepted,
I
can
introduce
Chinese
painting
skills
to
visitors．
It
can
help
them
know
more
about
Chinese
culture．
→__If
accepted__，I
can
introduce
Chinese
painting
skills
to
visitors,
__which
can
help
them
know
more
about
Chinese
culture__．(合并升级为含有定语从句和省略句的复合句)
提能—根据括号内汉语意思完成句子。
⑦Be
sure
to
pay
attention
to
protecting
the
environment
__while(you
are)
traveling__(外出旅行时)．
⑧The
research
is
so
designed
that
__once(it
is)
begun__(一旦开始)，nothing
can
be
done
to
change
it．
⑨__Though
lacking
money/Though
they
lacked
money__(虽然缺少钱)，his
parents
managed
to
send
him
to
a
key
university．
⑩The
workers
were
not
to
blame
for
it．They
only
carried
out
the
order
__as
(they
were)
told__(按照告诉他们的)．
?(新英汉大词典)__If
possible__(如果可能的话)，I'll
go
to
see
my
grandparents
this
weekend．
14．She
and
her
family
hid
away
for
nearly
twenty-five
months
before
they
were
discovered．
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
归纳拓展
before
conj．常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：①还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；②……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长而从句的动作才开始)；③在……之前；④(不久)就……；⑤以免……；⑥趁着……(还没有)
(2)含before的常用句式有：①It
won't
be
long
before．．．用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)；②It
wasn't
long
before．．．没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)；③It
will
be＋一段时间＋before．．．要过若干时间之后才……(before
从句用一般现在时)；④It
was＋一段时间＋before．．．过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
名师指津
“It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中before的含义。
①(2019·天津卷改编)A
dog's
eating
habit
requires
regular
training
before
it
is
properly
established．__在……之前__
②(陕西高考)The
young
couple,
who
returned
my
lost
wallet,
left
before
I
could
ask
for
their
names．__还没来得及……就……__
③My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
needn't
clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight．
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning．__趁着……(还没有)__
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·天津卷)__She
left
before
I
could
even
make
it
to
the
door
to
offer
my
thanks．__
我甚至还没来得及走到门口表达我的谢意，她就离开了。
⑤__It
will
be
five
years
before__
we
meet
again．
五年后我们才能再见面。
⑥__It
was
nearly
a
day
before__
he
realized
his
mistakes
and
said
sorry
to
his
friend
Peter．
将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。
15．It
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I'd
seen
the
night
face
to
face．
这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It/This/That
is/was
the
first/second/．．．time
that
sb．
has/(have)/had
done
sth．“某人第一次/第二次……做某事”。
归纳拓展
(1)当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
(2)It
is
(about/high)
time
that＋sb．(主语)＋did(过去式)/should
do．．．到了某人做……的时候了。
(3)It
is
time
(for
sb．)
to
do．．．到了(某人)做……的时候了。
(4)It/There
was
a
time
when．．．那是/曾有……的时期。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(北京卷)This
is
the
first
time
that
we
__have
seen__(see)
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family．
②I
still
well
remember
there
was
a
time
__when__
I
hated
to
go
to
school．
提能—单句写作。
③那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
That
was
the
first
time
that
Dad
__had
depended/relied__
on
me
in
a
moment
of
emergency．
④这是约翰第二次举办画展了。
It's
the
second
time
that
John
__has
held__
an
art
exhibition．
⑤你该打扫自己的房间了。
It's
about
time
you
__cleaned/should
clean__
your
room．
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(天津卷，13改编)You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place．It
is
at
the
hotel__that__the
coach
picks
up
tourists．
解析：句意：你正在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用了强调句型，结构是：It
is/was＋强调部分＋that＋其余部分，如果强调部分是人且作主语，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at
the
hotel，故填that。
2．There
is
no
point
__upsetting__(upset)
ourselves
about
it
now．Look
forward
and
everything
will
be
all
right．
解析：考查固定句式。There's
no
point
(in)
doing
sth．“做某事没有意义。”故填uspetting。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)I
myself
went
__through__
this
searching
process
and
found
something
that
has
changed
my
experience
at
college
for
the
better．
解析：考查固定短语。go
through“经历；经受”。故填through。
4．I
was
very
nervous
because
it
was
the
first
time
that
I
__had
been
invited__(invite)
to
an
opening
banquet．
解析：考查固定句式。It
was
the
first
time
that
sb．had
done．．．“某人第一次做某事”。所以用过去完成时；再由句意可知，应用被动语态。故填had
been
invited。
5．(2019·北京卷)It'll
be
a
while
__before__
we
can
statistically
show
that
the
changes
are
happening
because
of
climate
change．
解析：考查连词。句意：还要一段时间我们才能统计显示正在发生的这些变化是因为气候变化引起的。故填before。
6．(天津高考)Write
another
email
as
swiftly
as
you
can
and
send
it
with
a
brief
title
explaining
that
this
is
the
correct
version
and
the
previous
version
should
__be
ignored__(ignore)．
解析：由句意可知，用被动语态。前面是情态动词，故填be
ignored。
7．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While
I
tend
to
buy
a
lot
of
books,
these
three
were
given
to
me
as
gifts,
which
might
add
__to__
the
meaning
I
attach
to
them．
解析：句意：虽然我经常会买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这可能会增加我对它们的理解。add
to为固定短语，意为“增加”，故填to。
8．Little
is
he
__concerned__(concern)
about
how
to
get
used
to
the
job
in
the
company
as
soon
as
possible,
though
he
is
still
new
to
his
duties．
解析：考查固定短语。be
concerned
about“关心”。故填concerned。
9．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读)Perhaps
the
neighbors
just
happened
__to
overhear__(overhear)
the
cry．
解析：句意：可能邻居们碰巧偷听到了哭泣声。happen
to
do
sth．“碰巧做某事”。故填to
overhear。
10．(2020·浙江卷)The
last
thing
I
saw
was
my
dog
Don's
face,
looking
__calmly__(calm)back
at
me．
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词。故填calmly。
11．(2018·天津卷阅读)If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be,
you'll
have
no
trouble
__answering__(answer)
these
questions．
解析：考查固定句式。have
trouble/difficulty
(in)
doing
sth．“做某事有困难”。故填answering。
12．(北京高考)If
__accepted__(accept)
for
the
job,
you
will
be
informed
soon．
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果你被接受这份工作，你很快就会接收通知。If后省略了句子的主语you和be动词，补充完整为：If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job,
you
will
be
informed
soon．。故填accepted。
13．Before
driving
into
the
city,
you
are
required
to
get
your
car
__washed__(wash)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在开车进城市之前，按要求你要把你的车洗干净。get后跟复合宾语，宾语是car，与宾补wash之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式washed。
14．When
__asked__(ask)
for
his
views
about
his
teaching
job,
Philip
said
he
found
it
very
interesting
and
rewarding．
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问到他对他的教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这份工作很有趣，很值得。此处用过去分词表被动，是省略的时间状语从句，补充完整为：When
Philip
was
asked
for
his
views
about
his
teaching
job。故填asked。
15．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读)__Before__
I
knew
it
an
hour
had
passed
and
it
was
time
to
move
on
to
lunch．
解析：考查连词。句意：不知不觉一个小时过去了，到了吃午饭的时间了，故根据句意填Before。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．It
was
raining
cats
and
dogs,
thus
added
to
their
difficulty
in
transporting
the
supplies
to
the
earthquake-stricken
areas．
__added→adding__
2．Jack
asked
Jane
when
she
will
leave
for
London
yesterday．
__will→would__
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)I
placed
the
chick
in
the
nest,
and
it
quickly
calmed．
__calmed后加上down__
4．We
all
like
Tom,
who
is
easy
to
get
along．
__along后加上with__
5．It
is
said
that
they
have
fallen
in
love
with
each
other
for
two
years．
__fallen→been__
6．Would
you
please
come
and
join
our
game?
__join后加上in__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．如果你感兴趣，可以和我们一起参加比赛。(状语从句的省略)
__If
interested，you
can
join
us
in
the
competition．__
2．因为这是你第一次到中国朋友家做客，因此你最好注意以下细节。(It's
the
first
time．．．)
__It's
the
first
time
that
you
have
visited
a
Chinese
friend
so
you'd
better
pay
attention
to
the
following
details．__
3．在老师的帮助下，我恢复了自信。(强调句)
__It
was
with
the
teacher's
help
that
I
recovered
my
confidence．__
4．如果你错过这个机会，多年之后你才可能再获得这样的机会。(before)
__If
you
miss
this
chance，it
may
be
years
before
you
get
another
one．__
5．曾有一段时间，我发现学习英语很难。(There
was
a
time
when．．．)
__There
was
a
time
when
I
found
it
difficult
to
learn
English．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
Anne,
a
Jewish
girl,
__1．hid__
(hide)
away
from
the
German
Nazis
with
her
family
for
nearly
25
months
__2．before__
they
were
discovered．
During
her
stay
in
the
hiding
place,
Anne
set
__3．down__
in
her
diary
a
series
of
things
she
was
going
through．
As
far
as
she
__4．was
concerned__(concern),
her
diary
was
her
best
friend
to
__5．whom__
she
could
tell
everything．
Maybe
it
was
__6．because__
she
hadn't
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
she
grew
very
crazy
about
everything
__7．to
do__(do)
with
nature．
Once
she
stayed
upstairs
at
night
on
purpose,
which
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
she
__8．had
seen__
(see)
that
beautiful
scene
face
to
face．
At
that
moment
she
was
held
__9．entirely__
(entire)
in
the
power
of
nature．
What
a
poor
and
brave
girl
she
was
!
In
her
mind,
she
thought
nature
was
one
thing
that
really
must
__10．be
experienced__
(experience)．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说因和朋友产生分歧而感到不快。请你给他回信，内容包括：①表示理解并给予安慰；②提出具体的建议。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你和你的朋友有一系列的分歧，我很担心。
Learning
that
__you
and
your
friend
have
had
a
series
of
disagreements__，__I'm
concerned__．
②没有必要为此感到难过，因为人们经常会对事情的看法不同，这就会导致分歧。
__There
is
no
need
for
you
to
get
upset__，as
people
often
have
different
views
on
things,
which
can
__lead
to
disagreements__．
③你必须冷静下来解决分歧。(get＋宾语＋宾补)
__You
have
got
to
calm
down
to
get
the
disagreements
settled．__
④只要有可能，和他面对面交流是一个很好的消除你们之间误会的办法。
Whenever
it
is
possible,
__communicating
with
him
face
to
face__
is
a
great
way
to
clear
up
the
misunderstanding
between
you．
⑤设身处地为他着想可以帮助你与你的朋友相处得好，并更好地理解你的朋友。
Putting
yourself
into
his
shoes
can
help
you
__get
along
well
with
your
friend__
and
understand
him
better．
⑥我希望你认为我的建议有用，祝愿你在学校过得更开心。
__I
hope
you
will
find
my
tips
helpful__
and
wish
you
a
happier
time
at
school．
?升级平淡句
1．利用状语从句的省略句式升级句④
__Whenever
possible，communicating
with
him
face
to
face
is
a
great
way
to
clear
up
the
misunderstanding
between
you．__
2．利用强调句式升级句⑤
__It
is
putting
yourself
into
his
shoes
that
can
help
you
get
along
well
with
your
friend
and
understand
him
better．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：to
begin
with,
secondly,
however,
as
far
as
I'm
concerned等)
__Dear
Tom，__
__Learning
that
you
and
your
friend
have
had
a
series
of
disagreements,
I'm
concerned．
However,
there
is
no
need
for
you
to
get
upset，as
people
often
have
different
views
on
things,
which
can
lead
to
disagreements．
To
begin
with,
you
should
calm
down
to
get
the
disagreements
settled．
Secondly,
whenever
possible,
communicating
with
him
face
to
face
is
a
great
way
to
clear
up
the
misunderstanding
between
you．
As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
it
is
putting
yourself
into
his
shoes
that
can
help
you
get
along
well
with
your
friend
and
understand
him
better．
I
hope
you
will
find
my
tips
helpful
and
wish
you
a
happier
time
at
school．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
2　English
around
the
world
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__native__
adj．
本国的；本地的n．本地人；本国人2．__base__
vt．
以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础3．__vocabulary__
n．
词汇；词汇量；词表4．__spelling__
n．拼写；拼法5．__command__
n．&
vt．命令；指令；掌握6．__request__n．&
vt．请求；要求7．__straight__
adv．
直接；挺直adj．
直的；笔直的；正直的8．__official__adj．
官方的；正式的；公务的
1．
It
is
a
good
idea
to
read
English
novels
to
enlarge
your
__vocabulary__
(词汇)．2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But
the
sport's
rules
require
that
a
race
walker's
knees
stay
__straight__(直的)through
most
of
the
leg
swing
and
one
foot
remain
in
contact
(接触)
with
the
ground
at
all
times．3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)__Official__(官方的)reports
suggest
that
the
number
of
households
with
three
generations
living
together
had
risen
from
325,000
in
2001to
419,000
in
2013．4．
In
our
school,
all
the
students
__are
requested__
(request)
to
wear
school
uniforms
on
weekends．
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)What
is
Norman's
story
__based__(base)on?
拓展单词
1．__spelling__
n．拼写；拼法→__spell__
vt．拼写2．__actually__
adv．实际上；事实上→__actual__
adj．实际的3．__gradual__
adj．逐渐的；逐步的→__gradually__
adv．逐渐地；逐步地4．__recognize__
vt．辨认出；承认；公认→__recognition__n．承认；识别5．__latter__
adj．较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→__late__adj．迟的；晚的→__latest__
adj．最新的；最近的6．__fluent__
adj．流利的；流畅的→__fluently__
adv．流利地；流畅地→__fluency__
n．
流利；流畅7．__frequent__
adj．频繁的；常见的→__frequently__
adv．常常；频繁地8．__expression__
n．词语；表示；表达；表情→__express__vt．表示；表达；__express__n．快车；快递9．__usage__
n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→__use__
vt．使用n．用途→__useful__adj．有用的__useless__→adj．无用的10．__enrich__
vt．使富裕；充实；改善→__rich__
adj．富有的
1．
As
is
known
to
all,
education
is
a
__gradual__
process,
and
people
are
__gradually__
aware
of
its
importance．(gradual)2．He
had
changed
so
much
that
you
couldn't
__recognize__him．
As
a
matter
of
fact,
illness
and
age
changed
him
beyond
__recognition__．
(recognize)3．The
puzzled
__expression__
on
her
face
suggested
that
she
didn't
know
how
she
could
__express__
her
feelings
properly．
(express)4．I
can
speak
English
__fluently__，so
my
deskmate
admires
my
__fluent__
English
very
much
and
I
usually
feel
encouraged
by
his
compliments．
(fluent)5．
He
paid
a
visit
to
Russia
which
is
__rich__
in
natural
resources
and
the
travel
__enriched__
his
horizons．
(rich)6．Please
set
off
earlier
because
the
traffic
jams
are
more
__frequent__
and
what's
worse,
the
buses
run
less
__frequently__on
Sunday．
(frequent)
联想积累：
1．en-前缀和-en后缀变词性
①rich→enrich
v．使富裕
②able→enable
v．使能够
③large→enlarge
v．
使扩大
④sure→ensure
v．
确保；担保
⑤deep→deepen
v．
加深
⑥short→shorten
v．
缩短，使变短
2．“旅行”名词家族
①voyage
航行；航海
②tour
(观光)旅行
③travel
旅行
④journey
(长途)旅行
⑤trip
(短途)旅行；外出
⑥outing
远足
3．形容词、副词同形的单词
①straight
adv．&
adj．
直的(地)
②fast
adv．&
adj．
快的(地)
③far
adv．&
adj．远的(地)
④pretty
adv．相当地，非常
adj．
漂亮的
⑤well
adv．
好
adj．健康的
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__more
than__超过；非常；不只是；不仅是
2．__because
of__因为；由于
3．__come
up__走近；上来；提出
4．__at
present__
现在；目前
5．__make
good
use
of__
充分利用
6．__such
as__例如……；像这种的
7．__play
a
very
important
part
(in)__(在……中)起着重要的作用
8．__even
if/though__即使
9．__be
based
on__以……为基础
10．__believe
it
or
not__信不信由你
11．__the
number
of__……的数量
语境运用
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)__Even
if__
there
isn't
a
registry,
a
good
housewarming
gift
is
something
to
decorate
the
new
house
with,
like
a
piece
of
art
or
a
plant．
2．
There
is
no
denying
that
music
__plays
a
very
important
role/part
in__
our
daily
life．
3．
Although
students
can
__make
good
use
of__
the
Internet
to
study,
it's
hard
to
prevent
them
from
using
the
Internet
for
recreation．
4．__At
present__，developing
the
ability
of
the
students
is
an
important
task
in
our
daily
teaching
activity．
5．(2020·江苏卷)The
phone
boxes
are
becoming
popular
mainly
__because
of__
their
changed
roles
and
functions．
6．The
policeman
__came
up__
and
knocked
at
the
door
hard,
but
no
one
answered．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English．以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
even
if＝even
though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
1．(2020·天津卷单项填空改编)尽管流行音乐不是你喜欢的风格，但这并不意味着这种音乐不好。__Even
though/if
pop
music
is
not
your
style__，that
doesn't
mean
it
is
bad．
2．It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present．当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
more．．．than．．．“与其说……倒不如说……”。
2．(湖南高考写作)我的英语取得很大进步，老师表扬了我，说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。I
made
such
great
progress
in
English
that
my
teacher
praised
me
saying
that
__I
was
more
diligent
than
clever__．
3．Believe
it
or
not,
there
is
no
such
thing
as
standard
English．信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
there
is
no
such．．．“没有这样的……”。
3．世界上没有像你说的那样聪明的人。There
is
__no
such
wise/clever
person
as__
you
said
in
the
world．
4．However,
on
TV
and
the
radio
you
will
hear
differences
in
the
way
people
speak．然而，在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话的不同方式。
the
way后跟定语从句常省略that/in
which。
4．(天津高考写作)我喜欢我们一起玩的方式，比如开运动会和踢足球比赛。__I
like
the
way(that/in
which)
we
play
together__，such
as
holding
a
sports
meet
and
having
a
football
match．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．base
vt．
以……为据点(或总部等)；以……为根据　n．基部；基地；基础
词汇拓展
basis
n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
basic
adj．基本的；基础的
用法归纳
(1)
以……为基础；以……为根据
economic/military/training
base
经济基础/军事基地/训练基地
(2)on
the
basis
of．．．
根据……；在……的基础上
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①__Basing__(base)
an
important
decision
more
on
emotion
than
on
reason,
you
will
regret
it
sooner
or
later．
②(北京高考书面表达)First,
he
showed
us
the__basic__(base)
steps
and
skills
of
making
dough
figurines．
③(2019·天津卷)Scientists
have
built
an
early-warning
system
__based__
(base)
on
mathematical
models．
④(2020·山西八校第一次联考)As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
common
hobbies
are
the
__basis__
(base)
of
making
friends．
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The
beauty
of
rereading
lies
in
the
idea
that
our
bond
with
the
work
__is
based__(base)on
our
present
mental
register．
提能—句式升级。
⑥The
restaurant
is
based
on
trust,
and
it
is
working
all
right．
→__Based
on
trust__，the
restaurant
is
working
all
right．
(分词短语作状语)
→The
restaurant,
__which
is
based
on
trust__，is
working
all
right．(定语从句)
2．command
n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握　vt．命令；指挥；支配
用法归纳
(1)at/by
sb．'s
command听某人支配
under
one's
command由……指挥
take
command
of控制
have
a
good
command
of掌握；精通(尤指语言)
(2)command
that．．．(should)
do．．．命令……做……
command
sb．to
do
sth．命令某人做某事
温馨提示
后接宾语从句且从句中用(should)do结构的动词有：
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①I'm
__at__
your
command—what
would
you
like
me
to
do?
②The
police
commanded
the
witness
__to
describe__
(describe)
what
had
happened
the
day
before．
→The
police
commanded
that
the
witness
__(should)
describe__
(describe)
what
had
happened
the
day
before．
夯基—熟词生义。
③It
was
his
bravery
showed
in
the
rescue
work
that
commanded
our
respect．
__赢得__
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·浙江6月卷写作)I
hold
the
firm
belief
that
I
am
very
qualified
for
this
voluntary
work,
because
I
__have
a
good
command
of
spoken
English__．
我的确相信我适合这份志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
3．request
v．&
n．请求；要求
用法归纳
(1)request
sb．to
do
sth．请求某人做某事
request
that
sb．(should)
do
sth．要求/请求某人做某事
It
is
requested
that．．．(should)
do．．．要求……做……
request
sth．要求得到某物
(2)make
a
request
for
sth．要求某物；需要某物
at
sb．'s
request(＝at
the
request
of
sb．)
应某人要求/请求
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Because
of
the
spread
of
the
serious
illness,
they
have
made
an
urgent
request
__for__
international
aid．
②(2018·天津卷)She
had
requested
the
community
__to
turn__
(turn)
it
into
a
museum
upon
her
death．
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)After
the
film,
each
class
is
supposed
to
have
a
discussion
and
all
the
students
__are
requested__
(request)
to
make
comments
and
express
their
views
about
the
film．
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My
aim
is
to
let
China
go
to
the
world
and
let
the
world
understand
China．
__I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
agree
to
my
request__．
我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
4．recognize
vt．辨认；识别；承认；公认
词汇拓展
recognition
n．
认出；认识
用法归纳
(1)recognize
sb．/one's
voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
be
recognized
to
be/as．．．
被认作……/被认为是……
It
is
recognized
that．．．人们公认……
(2)beyond
recognition
认不出来
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·江苏卷)China's
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries
__recognizing__
(recognize)
its
role
in
international
affairs．
②Environmental
pollution
__is
recognized__
(recognize)
to
have
become
one
of
the
most
serious
problems
that
people
face．
③The
city
has
been
built
up
so
fast
that
it
has
changed
beyond
__recognition__
(recognize)．
提能—一句多译。
那本书被公认为是21世纪最伟大的文学作品之一。(recognize)
④The
book
__is
recognized
as/to
be__
one
of
the
greatest
works
of
literature
of
the
21st
century．
⑤__It
is
recognized
that__
the
book
is
one
of
the
greatest
works
of
literature
of
the
21st
century．
5．come
up
走近；上来；提出；发芽；发生；(太阳、月亮等)升起
归纳拓展
(1)come
up
with．．．提出……；想出……；赶上……
(2)come
across
(偶然)遇见
come
about
发生；产生
come
out
出来；出版；发行；显现；结果是
come
to
达到；苏醒；谈到
(3)How
come．．．？(表示不理解)……怎么回事？
When
it
comes
to
sth．．．当涉及……时
名师点津
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中come
up的含义。
①I'll
let
him
know
if
anything
comes
up．__发生__
②The
question
of
wage
increase
came
up
at
the
meeting．__被提出__
③Almost
all
of
the
seeds
have
come
up
after
a
few
days
of
sowing
in
late
spring．__发芽__
④The
little
boy
came
up
to
the
stranger
and
showed
him
how
to
get
to
the
police
station．__走近__
⑤The
sky
was
blue
and
clear
when
the
moon
came
up．__升起__
提能—句式升级。
⑥The
project
came
up
at
the
meeting
yesterday,
and
it
attracted
many
people's
attention．
→The
project
came
up
at
the
meeting
yesterday,
__attracting
many
people's
attention__．(升级为分词作状语)
6．make
use
of
(＝take
advantage
of)利用；使用
归纳拓展
(1)make
full/good
use
of
充分利用
make
the
best/
most
of
充分利用
take(full)
advantage
of
(充分)利用
(2)come
into
use
开始被使用
put．．．into
use
使用
be
of
(great)
use
(很)有用
It
is
no
use
doing
sth．
做……是没用的。
温馨提示
(1)该短语中use前可以用good,
full,
little等来修饰。
(2)该短语除了直接考查其主、被动形式之外，还常结合定语从句对其进行考查，此时use被提至先行词的位置，然后由含make
of的定语从句修饰。
This
is
the
best
use
we
made
of
our
spare
time．
这是对我们业余时间最好的利用。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①In
my
opinion，every
chance
should
be
made
full
use
of__to
practise__(practise)our
oral
English．
②__Making__(make)the
most
of
time
is
a
good
habit，which
requires
one
to
plan
carefully．
③Full
use
must__be
made__(make)of
every
minute
to
go
over
our
lessons，for
the
final
examination
is
coming．
④It's
no
use__complaining__(complain)．
提能—词汇/句式升级。
⑤We
must
make
full
use
of
every
minute
to
go
over
our
lessons,
as
the
final
examination
is
drawing
near．
→__With
the
final
examination
approaching__
we
must
__made
the
best/most
of或take
full
advantage
of__
every
minute
to
go
over
our
lessons．
(with复合结构)
7．Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English．
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
本句中的even
if＝even
though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
even
if/though即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时也可采用省略句结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He
won't
eat
his
words
even
if
he
__knows__
(know)
he
said
the
wrong
things．
②He
won't
come
to
our
party
even
if
__invited__
(invite)．
提能—完成句子。
③My
grandfather
still
plays
tennis
now
and
then,
__even
if/though
he
is
in
his
nineties__．
尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了，但他仍不时打网球。
④(牛津高阶)I
like
her,
__even
if/though
she
can
be
annoying
at
times__．
尽管她有时可能很烦人，但我还是喜欢她。
8．It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present．
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
本句中的more
．．．than
．．．意为“是……而不是……”，指同一人或物不同方面的比较。
归纳拓展
(1)more
．．．than
．．．是……而不是……；与其说……倒不如说……
(2)more
than多于(后跟数词)；不仅仅(后跟名词)；非常；岂止(后跟形容词、副词等)
(3)no
more
than
仅仅；只不过
not
more
than不超过；不及
no＋比较级＋than两者都不……(两者都否定)
other
than．．．
除……之外
rather
than
而不是
层级训练
夯基—完成句子。
①She
was
__more
sad
than
angry__(与其说生气倒不如说伤心)
when
her
son
lied
again．
②The
form
can
not
be
signed
by
anyone
__other
than
yourself__(除了你自己之外)．
③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange
trees
are
__more
than__
decoration
(不仅仅是装饰);
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
forture
and
wealth．
④His
whole
school
education
__added
up
to
no
more
than
one
year__(加起来不到一年)．
提能—词汇升级。
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I
am
very
glad
to
inform
you
that
this
year's
music
festival
will
be
held
shortly．
→I
am
__more
than
delighted__
to
inform
you
that
this
year's
music
festival
will
be
held
shortly．
9．Believe
it
or
not,
there
is
no
such
thing
as
standard
English．
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
句中“no
such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not
such
a/an＋单数名词”。
归纳拓展
(1)such＋
(2)such．．．as．．．像……这样的……，as在句中引导定语从句。
层级训练
夯基—对比填空：that/as。
①There
is
no
such
thing
__as__
failure．
Failure
is
just
life
trying
to
move
us
in
another
direction．
②It's
such
a
difficult
problem
__as__
we
can't
work
out．
③It's
such
a
difficult
problem
__that__
we
can't
work
it
out．
④There
is
no
such
thing
__as__
you
mentioned
at
the
meeting
yesterday．
提能—单句写作。
⑤As
we
know,
__there's
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch__
in
the
world．
众所周知，世界上没有免费的午餐。
10．This
is
because
in
the
early
days
of
radio,
those
who
reported
the
news
were
expected
to
speak
excellent
English．
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。
归纳拓展
This/That
is
because．．．意为“这/那是因为……，”用来表示原因。
This/That
is
why．．．意为“这/那是为什么……，”用来表示结果。
层级训练
提能—一句多译。
他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
①He
missed
the
first
bus
and
__that
was
because__
he
got
up
late
this
morning．
②He
got
up
late
this
morning
and
__that
was
why__
he
missed
the
first
bus．
③He
got
up
late
this
morning,
__which
was
why__
he
missed
the
first
bus．
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Data
collected
from
the
device
could
be
used
to
recognize
different
participants
__based__
(base)on
how
they
typed,
with
very
low
error
rates．
解析：句意：以参加实验的人们的打字方式为基础，从这个设备上搜集来的信息可以被用来识别这些人，错误率非常低。be
based
on．．．“以……为基础”此以过去分词短语形式作定语修饰participants。故填based。
2．(2018·江苏卷阅读)When
a
dark-colored
cake
was
served
on
a
black
plate
rather
than
a
white
one,
customers
recognized
it
__as__
sweeter
and
more
tasty．
解析：考查固定句式。recognize．．．as．．．“认为……是……”。故填as。
3．Though
they
found
the
road
__blocked__(block),
they
decided
to
move
on．
解析：考查非谓语动词。block与road构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词作宾补。故填blocked。
4．Although
this
is
the
first
time
that
the
plan
__has
come__(come)
up
at
the
meeting,
it
has
caused
much
concern．
解析：考查固定句式。It
is
the
first
time
that．．．句型中that从句谓语动词要用现在完成时。故填has
come。
5．My
boss
requested
me
__to
finish__
(finish)
my
work
before
next
Monday．
解析：request
sb．
to
do
sth．“要求某人做某事”为固定搭配。故填to
finish。
6．The
manager
gave
his
command
that
measures
__(should)
be
taken__(take)
immediately
to
correct
all
the
mistakes
made
in
marketing．
解析：考查虚拟语气。command所接名词性从句中应用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。再由句意可知，应用被动语态。故填(should)
be
taken。
7．She
was
more
worried
__than__
angry
when
her
daughter
didn't
come
home．
解析：考查固定句式。more．．．than．．．“与其说……倒不如说……”。故填than。
8．I
think
in
English
study
it
is
your
attitude,
not
your
teachers
that
__plays__(play)
the
key
role．
解析：考查主谓一致。该句是一个含强调句型的句子；被强调部分是句子的主语部分，其真正主语是your
attitude，故填单数第三人称形式。故填plays。
9．With
so
many
people
__communicating__(communicate)
in
English
every
day,
we
can
see
that
it
will
be
more
and
more
important
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English．
解析：考查非谓语动词。该with复合结构中，people与
communicate之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填communicating。
10．In
Japan
some
firms
even
monitor
whether
their
employees
smile
__frequently__(frequent)
enough
at
customers．
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词smile应用副词。故填frequently。
11．(2020·新高考卷)Remember,
even
world
champion
athletes
practice
their
skills
__on__
a
consistent
basis．
解析：考查介词短语。on
a
．．．basis“在……的基础上”。故填on。
12．The
boss
insisted
that
every
minute
__(should)be__(be)
made
full
use
of
__to
do__(do)
the
work
well．
解析：句意：为了做好工作，老板要求应该充分利用每分钟。insist(坚持要求)后所接的宾语从句应该使用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略；不定式to
do
the
work
well在句中作目的状语。故填(should)
be;
to
do。
13．Marco
Polo
is
said
to
have
sailed
on
__the__
Pacific
Ocean
on
his
way
to
Java
in
__the__
thirteenth
century．
解析：考查冠词。句意：据说马可·波罗在十三世纪去爪哇的路上在太平洋上航行过。在表示“江河湖海山脉群岛”的名词前加定冠词the；在世纪表达法中的序数词前面要用定冠词the。故填the；the。
14．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)She's
trying
to
come
up
__with__
a
label
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly．
解析：考查固定短语。come
up
with“想出，提出”。故填with。
15．(2018·江苏卷阅读)Some
social
apps
were
popular
among
the
children
even
__though/if__
they
supposedly
require
users
to
be
at
least
13．
解析：句意：有些社交软件很受孩子的欢迎，尽管它们应该要求使用者至少13岁。根据句意填even
if/though“即使；尽管”。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．I
hope
the
information
will
be
of
great
useful
to
you．
__useful→use__
2．Whoever
comes
up
a
new
idea
of
how
to
work
out
the
puzzle
will
be
given
a
prize．
__up后加with__
3．You
should
have
made
good
use
of
the
time
you
spent
together
discuss
the
matter．
__together后加to__
4．As
far
as
I
know，he
was
very
angry
because
what
you
said
just
now．
__because后加上of__
5．More
than
one
person
have
a
good
command
of
English
in
the
research
unit．
__have→has__
6．He
requested
that
I
must
finish
the
task
as
soon
as
possible．
__must→should或去掉must__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．根据这些事实，我们可以得出以下结论。
(1)__Based
on/upon
the
facts，we
can
reach
the
following
conclusions．__(base)
(2)__On
the
basis
of
the
facts，we
can
reach
the
following
conclusions．__(basis)
2．他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。
(1)__He
commanded
that
we
(should)
finish
the
work
in
an
hour．__(command
that．．．)
(2)__He
commanded
us
to
finish
the
work
in
an
hour．__(command
sb．
to
do
sth．)
3．提到餐桌礼仪，即使你不习惯，吃饭时也要小声说话。(when
it
comes
to)
__When
it
comes
to
table
manners，keep
your
voice
low
during
the
meal
even
if
you
are
not
used
to
it．__
4．即使你读起英语来很容易，你会发现用它流利地与别人交流很难。(even
if)
__Even
if
you
read
English
easily，you'll
find
it
difficult
to
communicate
with
others
fluently
in
it．__
5．当他们没有回家时，与其说我担心倒不如说我生气。(more．．．than．．．)
__I
was
more
angry
than
worried
when
they
didn't
come
home．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
English
was
__1．mostly__
(most)
spoken
by
people
from
England．
They
were
native
speakers．
Today,
the
largest
number
of
people
__2．learning__
(learn)
English
may
be
in
China．
A
lot
of
Chinese
people
speak
English
__3．as__
their
foreign
language．
The
English
language
__4．has
changed__
(change)
quite
a
lot
over
the
last
centuries．
Old
English
sounded
more
like
German
for
it
__5．was
based__
(base)
on
German,
but
modern
English
sounds
__6．more__
(much)
like
French
than
German
because
those
who
ruled
England
__7．spoke__
(speak)
French．
Two
people
had
great
effects
__8．on__
the
English
changes．
__9．One__
was
Samuel
Johnson,
who
wrote
his
dictionary;
the
other
was
Noah
Webster,
who
wrote
The
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language,
__10．which__
gave
American
English
its
own
identity．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom因为受“汉语热”的影响决心学习汉语，来信向你咨询。请你给他写封回信，说明“汉语热”的原因，并提出几条学习汉语的建议。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①目前，有很多外国人学习汉语，因为中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。
__At
present__，there
are
a
number
of
foreigners,
learning
Chinese，because
China
__is
playing
an
increasingly
important
part
in
the
world__．
②精通汉语，你就能更好地了解中国这个有着5
000多年历史的国家。
__With
a
good
command
of
Chinese__，you
will
get
a
better
understanding
of
China,
a
country
with
a
history
of
__more
than
5,000
years__．
③至于学习汉语的建议，我想说世界上没有免费的午餐。
As
for
the
advice
of
learning
Chinese，I
would
say
__there
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world__．
④说一口流利的中文应该以勤奋为基础。
__Speaking
fluent
Chinese/Speaking
Chinese
fluently
should
be
based
on
hard
work．__
⑤利用一切机会练习汉语，你用得越多，你就学得越好。
__Make
use
of
every
opportunity/chance
to
practise
Chinese__—the
more
you
use
Chinese,
the
better
you
will
learn
it．
⑥即使在学习汉语时会出现许多问题，你也不应该放弃。
__Even
if/though
many
problems
may
come
up
in
learning
Chinese，you
should
not
give
up．__
?升级平淡句
1．利用“that
is
because．．．”句式升级句①
__At
present，there
are
a
number
of
foreigners
learning
Chinese，and
that
is
because
China
is
playing
an
increasingly
important
part
in
the
world．__
2．利用强调句式升级句②
__It
is
with
a
good
command
of
Chinese
that
you
will
get
a
better
understanding
of
China，a
country
with
a
history
of
more
than
5,000
years．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：therefore，to
begin
with,
most
importantly等)
__Dear
Tom，__
__At
present,
there
are
a
number
of
foreigners
learning
Chinese,
and
that
is
because
China
is
playing
an
increasingly
important
part
in
the
world．
It
is
with
a
good
command
of
Chinese
that
you
will
get
a
better
understanding
of
China，a
country
with
a
history
of
more
than
5,000
years．
As
for
the
advice
of
learning
Chinese,
I
would
say
there
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world．
Therefore,
speaking
fluent
Chinese
should
be
based
on
hard
work．
To
begin
with,
make
use
of
every
opportunity/chance
to
practise
Chinese—the
more
you
use
Chinese，the
better
you
will
learn
it．
Most
importantly,
even
if/though
many
problems
may
come
up
in
learning
Chinese,
you
should
not
give
up．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGE