高中英语人教版（新课程标准） 必修5 Unit1-5学案含解析（5份打包）

Unit
1　Great
scientists
必备知识·盘点夯基
,BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__defeat__vt．打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败2．__expert__adj．熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n．专家；行家3．__attend__vt．
照顾；护理；出席；参加4．__expose__vt．暴露；揭露；使曝光5．__cure__n．治愈；痊愈；治疗方法vt．治愈；治疗6．__absorb__vt．吸收；吸引；使专心7．__suspect__vt．认为；怀疑n．被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人8．__foresee__vt．预见；预知9．__blame__vt．责备；谴责n．过失；责备10．__handle__n．柄；把手vt．处理；操纵11．__link__vt．&
n．连接；联系12．__positive__
adj．积极的；肯定的；确实的
1．If
you
have
a
__positive__
(积极的)
relationship
with
your
teachers,
you
will
be
happy
in
their
classes．
2．Professor
Wang
said
the
reason
of
short-sightedness
is
complicated
and
that
there
is
still
no
excellent
__cure__(治疗方法)
for
it．3．Knowing
that
you
show
great
interest
in
Chinese
culture,
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
__attend__
(参加)the
exhibition
with
me．4．Our
team
__was
defeated__
(defeat)
last
night,
which
made
us
sad
and
disappointed．5．(2020·新高考卷阅读)In
Samarkand,
Mr．
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders,
while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected(suspect)of
drug
dealing．6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)The
engineers
are
also
trying
to
develop
an
on
and
off
“switch”
where
the
glow
would
fade
when
exposed(expose)to
daylight．7．Not
knowing
what
was
wrong
with
his
car,
Martin
decided
to
send
for
an
experienced
man
__
to
handle__
(handle)
the
problem．
单词拓展
1．__challenge__
n．挑战vt．向……挑战→__challenging__adj．挑战性的2．__cautious__
adj．小心的；谨慎的→__caution__n．小心；警告3．__pollute__
vt．污染；弄脏→__pollution__n．污染4．__instruct__
vt．命令；指示；教导→__instruction__n．
说明；传授→__instructions__pl．用法说明；指示；命令5．__conclude__
vt．&
vi．结束；推断出→__conclusion__n．结论；结束6．__contribute__vt．&
vi．捐献；贡献；投稿→__contribution__n．贡献7．__reject__vt．拒绝；不接受；抛弃→__rejection__n．拒绝；抛弃8．__science__n．科学→__scientific__adj．科学的→__scientist__
n．科学家9．__announce__
vt．宣布；通告→__announcement__n．通知；宣告→__announcer__n．播音员；宣告者10．__certain__
adj．确实的；肯定的→__certainly__adv．确定；肯定→__certainty__
n．确信；确实11．__construct__
vt．建设；修建→__construction__n．建设；建筑物12．__responsible__
adj．有责任的；负责的→__responsibility__n．责任；负责13．__paint__
vt．绘画；涂→__painter__
n．画家；油漆匠→__painting__
n．油画；水彩画
14．__universe__
n．宇宙；世界→__universal__adj．普遍的；宇宙的→__universally__adv．普遍地15．__movement__
n．移动；运动；动作→__move__v．移动；运动
1．The
player
defeated
by
me
__challenged__
me
to
a
__challenging__
game
that
day．
(challenge)2．It's
__universally__
accepted
that
the
__universe__
originated
from
the
big
bang．(universe)3．It
was
__concluded__
that
he
didn't
tell
us
the
truth．
I
also
came
to
the
__conclusion__
that
he
lied．
(conclude)
4．The
writer
personally
__contributed__
￡5,000
to
the
earthquake
fund
last
week
and
all
his
__contributions__
were
gratefully
received．
(contribute)5．Mary
__announced__
to
her
teammates
that
she
was
to
marry
a
Chinese
boy,
whose
__announcement__
of
their
marriage
would
appear
in
the
local
newspaper
next
week．(announce)6．The
great
bridge
under
__construction__
is
designed
by
Chinese
engineers
and
it
will
take
about
a
year
to
__construct__
the
large
bridge．
(construct)7．I
want
to
be
a
__scientist__
to
discover
a
__scientific__breakthrough
to
save
people's
lives．
(science)
8．In
the
class,
our
teacher
often
__instructs__
us
to
improve
our
reading
ability
and
his
__instruction__
makes
a
difference
in
our
English
learning．
(instruct)
9．We'll
be
__
responsible__
for
your
safety
and
you
need
to
take
__responsibility__
for
your
actions．
(responsible)
10．It
was
not
until
all
the
fish
in
the
__polluted__
river
had
died
that
he
realized
that
the
__pollution__
was
very
serious．(pollute)
联想积累：
1．“熟练”归纳
①expert
adj．
熟练的；内行的
②skillful
adj．
熟练的；灵巧的
③skilled
adj．
熟练的；有技能的
④experienced
adj．
熟练的；有经验的
2．以-ic结尾的常见形容词
①characteristic
特有的；独特的
②scientific
科学的
③enthusiastic
热情的；热心的
④energetic
精力充沛的
⑤fantastic
极好的
3．“名词用作动词”的高频词语聚焦
①handle
n．把手→vt．处理
②nurse
n．护士→vt．护理
③face
n．脸→vt．面对
④bridge
n．桥→vt．沟通
⑤drink
n．饮料→vt．喝；饮
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__put
forward__提出
2．__draw
a
conclusion__得出结论
3．__expose．．．to__使显露；暴露
4．__link．．．to．．．__将……和……联系
或连接起来
5．__apart
from__除……之外；此外
6．__make
sense__讲得通；有意义
7．__(be)
strict
with．．．__对……严格的
8．__be
to
blame__应受谴责/责备
9．__look
into__调查
10．__lead
to__导致；通向
语境运用
1．When
the
detective
__looked
into__
the
case,
he
was
threatened
by
an
unknown
man．
2．Though
Mrs．
Brown
__
is
strict
with__
us
in
our
studies,
almost
all
of
us
love
her
very
much．
3．As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
those
services
which
__are
linked
to__
Hi-tech
will
be
more
popular
in
the
future．
4．The
expert
__drew
a
conclusion__
from
his
investigation
that
the
disease
was
carried
through
water
rather
than
air．
5．(2018·天津卷)The
training
schedule,
__apart
from__
regular
training,
includes
joining
in
a
variety
of
activities,
such
as
participating
in
some
national
competitions．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood．人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither．．．nor．．．“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分。
1．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)唐朝的历史和诗歌对于你来说都不好理解。Neither
the
history
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
nor
poems
of
it
__are
hard
to
understand
for
you__．
2．So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak．每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
every
time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
2．(浙江卷)每次一天结束后到家，我们会在门口迎接他。__Every
time
he
arrived
home__
at
the
end
of
the
day,
we'd
greet
him
at
the
door．
3．Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense．只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有当你提前了解了唐朝的历史时你才能更好地理解唐诗。Only
when
you
learn
something
about
the
history
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
in
advance
__are
you
able
to
have
a
better
understanding
of
Tang
Poems__．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．conclude
v．断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止
词汇拓展
conclusion
n．结论；推论
用法归纳
(1)conclude
sth．
from．．．从……中推断出……
to
conclude最后
conclude
sth．
with/by
doing
sth．以……结束
(2)arrive
at/reach/come
to/draw
a
conclusion得出结论
in
conclusion总之；最后
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He
concluded
his
speech
__with__
a
famous
saying
“Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way”．
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
__conclusion__
(conclude),
Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him．
③(2018·江苏卷书面表达)In
__conclusion__
(conclude),
we
should
offer
some
products
or
services．
提能—一句多译。
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
④I
__drew
a
conclusion
from
my
own
experiences
that__
a
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed．(conclusion)
⑤I
__concluded
from
my
own
experiences
that__
a
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed．(conclude)
2．attend
vt．出席；参加；照顾；护理
归纳拓展
(1)attend
school/church上学/去教堂
attend
a
meeting/lecture/wedding/party参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会
(2)attend(on/upon)
sb．照顾某人
(3)attend
to处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,
we
were
invited
__to
attend__
(attend)
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
__listening__
(listen)
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals．
②(2019·北京卷)Students
should
have
a
proper
attitude
towards
college
before
thinking
about
which
college
__to
attend__
(attend)．
③The
person
in
charge
of
the
work
should
attend
__to__
this
matter
immediately．
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm
greatly
honored
to
invite
you
__to
attend
a
music
festival__
(参加一个音乐节)．
It
will
be
held
in
our
school
hall
on
June
5
at
2∶00
p．m．．
→I'm
greatly
honored
to
invited
you__to
attend
a
music
festival
to
be
held__
in
our
school
hall
on
June
5
at
2∶00
p．m．．
3．expose
vt．揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光
词汇拓展
exposure
n．暴露；揭露
用法归纳
(1)expose．．．to．．．暴露……给……；使……接触……
expose
oneself
to．．．使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……
(2)be
exposed
to遭受；(使)接触到
名师点津
(1)及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；
(2)在expose．．．to．．．以及be
exposed
to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)“Nicolo，”
whose
real
name
cannot
be
exposed
(expose)to
the
public
because
of
Italy's
privacy
laws,
finished
working
the
whole
night
at
a
factory
in
Turin．
②If
__exposed__
(expose)
to
the
outside
surroundings,
they'll
be
stronger
and
better
prepared
for
their
future．
③Don't
expose
__yourself__
to
great
danger
when
you're
alone．
提能—单句写作。
④(2018·北京卷书面表达)__In
order
to
expose
international
students
to
our
tea
culture__，we
took
them
to
the
tea
room
in
our
school．
为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。
4．absorb
vt．吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引(注意)；使专心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握；使缓冲
归纳拓展
absorb
sth．吸收(光、热等)
absorb/draw/attract
one's
attention
吸引某人的注意力
be
absorbed
by．．．/into被……吞并/吸引
be
absorbed
in
．．．全神贯注于……；专心致志于……
名师点津
be
absorbed
in
(doing)
sth．结构在句中状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed
in．．．类似的结构还有：
①be
lost
in．．．陷入……；专心致志于……
②be
caught
in．．．被困在……
③be
buried
in．．．埋头于……
④be
devoted
to．．．致力于……；专心于……
⑤be
occupied
in．．．忙于……
⑥be
involved
in．．．专注于……
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中absorb的含义。
①(北京卷)When
condors
(神鹰)
eat
dead
bodies
of
other
animals
containing
lead,
they
absorb
large
quantities
of
lead．__吸收__
②(2020·新高考卷阅读)In
fact，most
people
only
absorb
about
20
percent
of
a
speaker's
message．
__理解__
③(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)I
don't
want
to
get
too
absorbed
in
modeling．__吸引；使专心__
④Jump
with
your
knees
bent,
so
they
absorb
less
impact．__缓冲__
提能—单句语法填空。
⑤Charles
C．Mann
has
produced
a
book
that
is
attractively
written
and
really__absorbing__(absorb)．
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These
kids
are
so
absorbed
__in__
their
studies
that
I
just
sit
back．
⑦The
surrounding
small
towns
__were
absorbed__(absorb)
into
the
city．
提能—一句多译。
汤姆那么专心于工作，以至于忘记了告知我会议时间。
⑧Tom
__was
absorbed
in
his
work__，so
he
forgot
to
inform
me
of
the
time
of
the
meeting．
⑨__Absorbing
himself
in
his
work__，Tom
forgot
to
inform
me
of
the
time
of
the
meeting．(现在分词作状语)
⑩__Absorbed
in
his
work__，Tom
forgot
to
inform
me
of
the
time
of
the
meeting．(过去分词作状语)
5．blame
vt．指责；责怪；归咎于　n．责备；责任；过失
归纳拓展
(1)blame
sb．for
sth．因某事而责备某人
blame
sth．on
sb．把某事怪到某人头上
sb．be
to
blame(for．．．)某人应承担(……)责任；该(因……)受责备
(2)put/lay
the
blame(for
sth．)on
sb．/sth．(把某事)归咎于某人/某事
take/bear
the
blame
for＝be
responsible
for承担(对坏事应负的)责任
温馨提示
表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb．
be
to
blame表示被动意义。
巧学助记
blame
Don't
always
blame
your
own
failure
on
others．
(That
is,
don't
always
blame
others
for
your
own
failure．)
Sometimes
you
yourself
are
to
blame．
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时怪你自己。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①She
blamed
her
husband__for__the
failure
of
their
marriage．
＝She
blamed
the
failure
of
their
marriage__on__her
husband．
②It
was
the
professor
rather
than
his
assistant
that
was
__to
blame__
(blame)
for
what
had
happened
in
the
lab．
③(全国卷Ⅲ)Lots
of
people
find
it
hard
to
get
up
in
the
morning,
and
put
the
blame
__on__
the
alarm
clock．
提能—一句多译。
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
④Alice
was
in
low
spirits
__because
she
was
blamed
for__
the
breakdown
of
the
school
computer
network．(状语从句)
⑤__Blamed
for__
the
breakdown
of
the
school
computer
network,
Alice
was
in
low
spirits．
(分词作状语)
6．contribute
vt．&
vi．捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
词汇拓展
contribution
n．贡献，捐献；稿件
用法归纳
(1)contribute．．．to．．．为……捐献……；投稿
contribute
to有助于；促进；导致；对……做贡献
(2)make
a
contribution/contributions
to/towards．．．为……做出贡献
名师点津
表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语还有result
in,
bring
about,
lead
to,
cause等。
巧学助记
Many
people
contributed
money
to
the
poor
boy,
which
contributed
to
his
returning
to
school．
A
writer
wrote
a
story
about
it
and
contributed
it
to
China
Daily．
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了《中国日报》。
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中contribute
to的含义。
①If
you
want
to
contribute
to
our
newspaper,
please
send
me
your
article
before
the
deadline．
__投稿__
②(2019·浙江卷)“Many
factors
contributed
to
the
decline”，
said
Patrick
McIntyre,
an
ecologist
who
was
the
lead
author
of
the
study．
__促进，有助于__
③Eating
too
much
fat
contributes
to
heart
disease
and
causes
high
blood
pressure．
__导致__
夯基—单句改错。
④In
a
word,
everyone
should
make
contributions
to
protect
the
environment．
__protect→protecting__
提能—单句写作。
⑤(2018·北京卷书面表达)In
conclusion,
I
was
proud
of
__making
great
contributions
to
spreading
Chinese
culture__．
总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。
7．put
forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
归纳拓展
put
aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put
away放好；积蓄
put
off延期；推迟
put
on
weight增重；发福
put
out扑灭
put
down写下；记下
put
up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put
up
with容忍；忍受
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中put
forward的含义。
①(天津高考)The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
that
we
should
have
an
assistant．
__提出__
②You
ought
to
put
your
watch
forward
by
ten
minutes．
__拨快__
③They
have
put
forward
the
date
of
their
wedding
by
one
week．
__将……提前__
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We
don't
have
any
idea
who
put
grandma
forward．
__推荐；提名__
提能—用put短语填空。
⑤I
can
__put
up
with__
the
house
being
untidy,
but
I
hate
it
if
it's
not
clean．
⑥Encourage
children
to
__put
aside__
some
of
their
pocket
money
to
buy
Christmas
presents．
⑦First
he
opened
a
shop
and
then
he
__put
up__
a
sign
outside
the
shop
to
attract
customers．
⑧(2020·天津卷)We
can't
__put
off__
buying
a
new
printer
for
our
company．
The
one
we
have
doesn't
work．
8．make
sense讲得通；有意义
归纳拓展
(1)make
no
sense没道理；没意义
make
sense
of理解；明白
(2)a
sense
of
humor/duty/beauty/direction/responsibility/success幽默感/责任感/美感/方向感/责任感/成就感
common
sense常识
in
a/one
sense在某种意义上；在一定程度上
in
no
sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
There
is
no
sense/point
in
doing
sth．做某事无意义
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①__In__
a
sense,
it
is
these
passengers
that
are
to
blame
for
the
accident．
②There
are
so
many
new
words
in
the
passage
that
I
can
hardly
make
any
sense
__of__
them
at
all．
提能—完成句子。
③(天津卷)See,
your
computer
has
broken
down
again!
It
doesn't
__make
sense__
to
buy
the
cheapest
brand
of
computer
just
to
save
a
few
dollars．
瞧！你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点而买最便宜牌子的电脑毫无意义可言。
提能—单句写作。
④你决不应该灰心丧气；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
__In
no
sense
should
you
lose
heart__;_keep
trying
and
you
will
make
it
sooner
or
later．
9．Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood．
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither．．．nor．．．既不……也不……。
归纳拓展
(1)neither．．．nor．．．既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either．．．or．．．不是……就是……
not
only．．．but
also．．．不仅……而且……
not．．．but．．．不是……而是……
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①To
be
honest,
I
__neither__
knew
nor
cared
what
had
happened
to
him．
②Last
year,
neither
the
experts
nor
the
physician
__was__
(be)
enthusiastic
about
the
cure
for
the
severe
disease．
③Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
the
students
__were__
(be)
instructed
not
to
be
exposed
to
the
sun
for
a
long
time
last
summer．
④Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
__is__
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow．
提能—句式升级。
⑤The
teacher
is
not
content
with
the
result．
The
students
are
not
content
with
the
result
either．
→__Neither
the
teacher
nor
the
students
are
content
with
the
result．__
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．For
those
with
family
members
far
away,
the
personal
computer
and
the
phone
are
important
in
staying
__connected__(connect)．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay
connected是“stay＋形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying
connected和keeping
in
touch表达同一个意思。
2．The
producer
comes
regularly
to
collect
the
cameras__returned__(return)
to
our
shop
for
quality
problems．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。
3．When
the
group
discussion
is
nearing
its
end,
make
sure
to
conclude
it
__with__
important
points．
解析：句意：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要以重点而结束。
4．__To
stay__(stay)
warm
at
night,
I
would
fill
the
woodstove,
then
set
my
alarm
clock
for
midnight
so
I
could
refill
it．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火添柴。to
stay为不定式在句中作目的状语。
5．The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
__following__(follow)
them．
解析：考查with的复合结构。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。在with的复合结构中，宾语their
pet
dog与宾语补足语之间为主动关系，故用following作宾语补足语。
6．—I
hope
to
take
the
computer
course．
—Good
idea．__To
find__(find)
out
more
about
it,
visit
this
website．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：——我希望能上电脑课。——好主意。要想了解更多，浏览这个网站。动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。
7．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)It's
about
the
now
and
what
one
contributes
__to__
the
now,
because
reading
is
a
give
and
take
between
author
and
reader．
解析：句意：它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的交换。
8．Be
careful
when
you
deal
with
this
chemical,
as
it
will
explode
when
__exposed__(expose)
to
sunlight．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：处理该化学物质时一定要小心，因为暴露在阳光下，它会爆炸。when后省略了句子的主语it(this
chemical)和动词be的形式is，所以填exposed。
9．He
never
speaks
to
others
__unless__
spoken
to．
解析：考查连词。句意：除非别人和他说话，否则他从不和别人说话。unless“除非，如果不”符合句意。
10．To
be
honest,
no
speech
__made__(make)
so
far
has
had
the
same
effect
on
me
as
this
one．
解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。观察句子结构，不难发现句子已经有了谓语has
had故应填入非谓语动词。make与speech构成被动关系，结合时间状语so
far，故选过去分词，即表被动又表完成。句意：老实说，迄今为止，这是对我最有影响的演讲。
11．Land
used
to
grow
crops
feeds
five
times
more
people
than
land
__where__animals
are
kept．
解析：考查学生对定语从句关系代词、关系副词的掌握情况。句意：用来种庄稼的土地养活的人口数量比放牧牲口的土地所供养的人口数量要多五倍。先行词为land，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
12．Please
send
us
all
the
information
__that__
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：请把所有申请这个职位的选手的信息发给我们。先行词为information，且前有all修饰，故只能用that在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语。
13．When
he
came
back
three
hours
later,
they
were
still
sitting
on
the
sofa,
__absorbed__(absorb)
in
conversation．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be
absorbed
in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。
14．—Who
is
__to
blame__(blame)
for
the
shooting
at
a
movie
theatre
in
America?
—A
gunman
named
James
Eagan
Holmes．
解析：问句句意：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be
to
blame为固定短语，意为“该受责备”。主动形式表被动含义。
15．__Reducing__(reduce)
the
gap
between
the
rich
and
the
poor
is
one
of
the
main
challenges
facing
the
government．
解析：句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一，Reducing
the
gap．．．the
poor是动名词短语作主语。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．The
boy
sat
beside
the
window,
absorbing
in
a
novel．
__absorbing→absorbed或absorbing后加himself__
2．Though
his
arms
hurt,
Steven
planned
to
challenge
to
himself,
cycling
the
250-mile
route
alone．
__去掉第二个to__
3．Please
announce
students
that
the
holidays
will
begin
next
Monday．
__announce后加to__
4．I
always
have
so
many
things
to
attend
when
I
come
back
to
the
company
after
a
trip
abroad．
__attend后加to__
5．It
is
generally
believed
that
exposed
to
radiation
is
rather
dangerous．
__that后加being__
6．As
is
reported,
the
local
government
will
have
the
new
bridge
construct
in
a
month．
__construct→constructed__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．治好他的病的那位内科医师非常有经验。(cure；experienced)
__The
physician
who
cured
him
of
his
illness
was
very
experienced．__
2．被那个公司拒绝后，他变得比以前更谨慎了。(reject；cautious)
__Rejected
by
that
company，he
became
more
cautious
than
before．__
3．总之，你们应该做的是阻止这条河被污染。(conclusion；pollute)
__In
conclusion，what
you
should
do
is
prevent
the
river
from
being
polluted．__
4．只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的社会做出巨大贡献。(倒装；contribution)
__Only
in
this
way
can
we
make
great
contributions
to
our
society．__
5．每当我去看望那些受害者，我都会尽量对他们表现出一种积极的态度。(every
time；positive)
__Every
time
I
went
to
visit
the
victims，I
tried
to
show
a
positive
attitude
towards
them．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
John
Snow,
a
well-known
doctor
in
London,
became
__1．inspired__(inspire)
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
__2．exposed__(expose)
to
cholera,
a
__3．deadly__(dead)
disease
of
its
day．
Many
thousands
of
people
died
and
some
needed
to
be
attended
to
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak
because
no
one
knew
the
cause
of
__4．it__．
John
Snow
wanted
to
help
solve
the
problem．
He
got
interested
in
two
theories
__5．explaining__(explain)
how
cholera
killed
people．
He
believed
in
the
second
theory
__6．that__
suggested
that
people
__7．absorbed__(absorb)
the
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals．
In
1854,
__8．when__
another
outbreak
hit
London,
he
was
ready
to
test
the
two
theories．
__9．With__
the
help
of
the
map
he
made,
he
got
a
valuable
clue
about
the
cause
of
the
disease
and
was
able
to
announce
that
the
water
was
__10．to
blame__(blame)．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是某国际学校的学生李华，请你代表同学们给美籍校长布朗先生写一封信，劝说他修建校内游泳池。要点如下：①游泳运动的必要性；②场地：可用操场旁边的空地；③经费：学生们设法募捐。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我们提出的建议是学校在操场旁边的空地建游泳池。(分词作宾补)
__The
advice
we
put
forward__is
that
the
school
should
__have
a
swimming
pool
constructed__
at
the
empty
place
beside
the
playground．
②我们从调查中推断出95%的学生支持这个建议。
We
__concluded
from
the
survey
that__
95
percent
of
students
support
the
advice．
③游泳是一种很好的促进健康，增强体质的锻炼形式。
Swimming
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
that
__contributes
to
our
health
and
strength__．
④除此以外，每次一些学生在游泳池游泳，就会给其他人在操场上留出了更多空间。
__Apart
from
that__，__every
time
some
students
swim
in
the
pool__，it
__makes
more
room
for
others__
in
the
playground
areas．
⑤我们会为修建游泳池竭尽全力募捐。
We
would
try
our
best
to
collect
money
to
help
pay
for
__the
construction
of
the
swimming
pool
__．
⑥因为游泳池有利于大部分学生，所以修建游泳池是有意义的。
__It
makes
sense
to
build
a
swimming
pool__
as
it
will
benefit
most
students．
?升级平淡句
利用分词作定语升级句③
__Swimming
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
contributing
to
our
health
and
strength．
__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：to
begin
with，finally，in
conclusion等)
__Dear
Mr．
Brown，__
__On
behalf
of
the
students
in
our
school,
I'd
like
to
present
our
advice
that
the
school
should
have
a
swimming
pool
constructed
at
the
empty
place
beside
the
playground．
We
concluded
from
the
survey
that
95
percent
of
students
support
the
advice．
To
begin
with,
swimming
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
contributing
to
our
health
and
strength．
Apart
from
that,
every
time
some
students
swim
in
the
pool,
it
makes
more
room
for
others
in
the
playground
areas．
Finally,
we
would
try
our
best
to
collect
money
to
help
pay
for
the
construction
of
the
swimming
pool．
In
conclusion,
it
makes
sense
to
build
a
swimming
pool
as
it
will
benefit
most
students．
Thank
you
for
considering
our
request．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
5　First
aid
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__aid__
n．&
vt．帮助；援助；资助2．__barrier__n．屏障；障碍(物)3．__organ__n．器官4．__vital__adj．至关重要的；生死攸关的5．__pour__vt．&
vi．倒；灌；注；涌6．__ceremony__n．典礼；仪式；礼节7．__swell__vi．&
vt．(使)膨胀；隆起8．__ambulance__n．救护车9．__temporary__adj．暂时的；临时的10．__squeeze__vt．&
vi．榨；挤；压榨
1．The
survivors
of
the
powerful
earthquake
lived
in
the
__temporary__(临时的)
tents
until
the
new
houses
were
built．
2．Regardless
of
all
the
__barriers__
(障碍),
Mary
succeeded,
winning
invitations
from
many
famous
dance
schools．
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After
that
I
poured
(倒)oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove,
I
waited
patiently
unless
the
oil
was
hot．4．A
terrible
accident
must
have
happened
there,
for
two
__ambulances__
(ambulance)
rushed
to
the
spot
just
now．
5．Tom
took
off
his
wet
clothes
and
__squeezed__
(squeeze)
the
water
out．
拓展单词
1．__press__v．压，按→__pressure__n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)2．__injure__vt．受伤→__injury__n．损伤；伤害3．__poison__n．毒药；毒害vt．毒害；使中毒→__poisonous__
adj．有毒的
4．__vary__v．变化→__various__adj．各种各样的→__variety__n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)5．__mild__adj．轻微的；温和的；温柔的→__mildly__adv．轻微地；温和地6．__tight__adj．窄的；紧的；紧密的→__tightly__adv．紧地；牢牢地7．__firm__
adj．(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→__firmly__
adv．坚固地；稳定地8．__apply__
vt．涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi．申请；请求；使用；有效→__applicant__n．申请人→__application__n．申请9．__brave__adj．勇敢的→__bravely__adv．勇敢地→__bravery__n．勇敢；勇气10．__treat__
vt．&
vi．治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待→__treatment__n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇
1．He
got__
injured__
during
the
football
match
and
the
__injury__
was
serious．
(injure)2．The
people
in
the
flooded
area
fought
__bravely__
against
the
natural
disaster．
Their
__bravery__
deserved
to
be
praised．(brave)3．Don't
__press__
me
any
longer．
These
days,
I
can't
fall
asleep
because
the
coming
final
exam
is
putting
great
__pressure__
on
me．
(press)4．The
__applicants__
who
want
__to
apply__
for
the
position
should
hand
in
their
__applications__．
(apply)
5．People
had
to
__treat__
themselves
in
their
own
way
before
they
received
the
__treatment__
sent
by
the
government．
(treat)6．We
like
to
live
a
life
full
of
__variety__
and
our
tastes
are
__various__．
(vary)
联想积累：
1．多种“帮助”
①aid
n．&
vt．
帮助；援助
②favour
n．
帮助；好意
③assist
vt．
帮助；协助
④assistance
n．
帮助；协助
⑤support
n．&
vt．
支持；帮助
⑥sponsor
vt．
赞助
2．“-ure”后缀的高频名词小结
①pressure
压力
②pleasure
乐事；快乐
③exposure
暴露；揭发
④failure
失败
⑤mixture
混合物
⑥signature
签名
3．“成双成对”的名词荟萃
①scissors
剪刀
②jeans
牛仔裤
③earphones
耳机
④trousers
裤子
⑤glasses
眼镜
⑥shoes
鞋子
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__fall
ill__生病
2．__make
a
difference__区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
3．__be
proud
of__以……而自豪
4．__squeeze
out__榨出；挤出
5．__over
and
over
again__反复；多次
6．__in
place__在适当的位置；适当
7．__put
one's
hands
on__找到
8．__a
number
of__若干；许多
9．__a
knowledge
of__……的知识
10．__cut
off__切掉；砍掉；阻断
11．__take
off__起飞；流行；脱下；(事业)腾飞
12．__act
as__担当
语境运用
1．It's
reported
that
__a
number
of__
famous
people
will
attend
the
art
festival
to
be
held
next
month．
2．The
old
lady
thanked
me
__over
and
over
again__
for
what
I
had
done,
which
made
me
a
little
embarrassed．
3．
When
I
was
little,
I
__fell
ill__
frequently,
but
my
mother
was
never
fed
up
with
taking
care
of
me．
4．
The
boy
went
to
one
shop
after
another,
and
finally
__put
his
hands
on__
the
geography
book
he
needed．
5．The
books
in
our
school
library
are
all
neatly
__in
place__and
carefully
arranged．
6．When
we
visited
Paris,
my
niece
__acted
as__
our
guide
and
showed
us
around
lots
of
places
of
interest．
7．Hannah
was
busy
with
work
then
but
she
still
tried
her
best
to
__squeeze
out__
some
time
from
her
tight
schedule
to
visit
her
mother．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Remove
clothing
using
scissors
if
necessary
unless
it
is
stuck
to
the
burn．除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless“假如不；除非”，引导条件状语从句。
1．(江苏卷)天如此冷以至除非你穿着厚衣服才能出去。It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
out
__unless__
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes．
2．John
was
studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
screaming．约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。
be
doing．．．when．．．“正在做……这时……”。
2．我们正在吃饭这时水涌入了我们家中。We
__were
having
breakfast
when__
water
started
filling
our
room．
3．There
is
no
doubt
that
John's
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
he
learned
at
school
saved
Ms
Slade's
life．毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
There's
no
doubt
that．．．“毫无疑问……”。
3．(天津卷书面表达)作为一名美国人，毫无疑问你是熟悉你的国家的。As
an
American,
__there
is
no
doubt
that__
you
are
familiar
with
your
country．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．aid
n．&
vt．援助；救助；资助
归纳拓展
(1)first
aid急救
go/come
to
sb．'s
aid＝help
sb．去/来帮助某人
with
the
aid
of
．．．在……的帮助下；借助于……
in
aid
of．．．为援助，以援救……
(2)aid
sb．to
do
sth．帮助某人做某事
aid
sb．in
(doing)
sth．帮助某人(做)某事
aid
sb．
with
sth．帮助某人某事
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①__With__
the
aid
of
her,
I
finished
the
work
in
time．
②I
couldn't
speak
any
French,
but
a
nice
man
came
__to__
my
aid
and
told
me
where
to
go．
③We
are
collecting
money
__in__
aid
of
the
people
who
have
lost
their
homes．
提能—单句写作。
④(湖北卷书面表达)一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。
A
man
immediately
rushed
to
the
girl
__to
give
her
first
aid__
and
I
joined
in
without
hesitation．
2．vital
adj．至关重要的；生死攸关的
归纳拓展
be
vital
for/to
(doing)
sth．对(做)某事……极为重要
It
is
vital
that
sb．(should)
do
sth．某人做某事是极为重要的。
It
is
vital
to
do
sth．做某事很重要。
名师点津
It
is
necessary/vital/important
that．．．(should)
do
sth,
should可以省略。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·天津卷)Understanding
history
is
vital
to
__understanding__
(understand)ourselves
as
a
people
and
as
a
nation．
②What's
more,
some
drivers,
cyclists
and
pedestrians
do
not
think
it
vital
__to
obey__
(obey)
traffic
rules．
提能—一句多译。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。
③Besides，__it's
vital
that
you
should
mind
your
table
manners__
in
China
when
you
attend
a
dinner
party．
(it作形式主语)
④In
addition，__what's
vital__
is
that
you(should)
mind
your
table
manners
in
China
when
you
attend
a
dinner
party．
(主语从句)
3．treat
vt．治疗；对待；款待　n．款待；招待
词汇拓展
treatment
n．治疗；对待
用法归纳
(1)treat
．．．as
．．．(＝regard．．．as)＝think
of．．．as．．．
把……当……对待
treat
sth．seriously认真对待某事/物
treat
sb．for
．．．给某人治……病
treat
sb．/oneself(to．．．)请客吃……
treat
sb．/oneself
to．．．用……款待某人/自己
(2)It's
my
treat．我请客。
(3)under
treatment正在接受治疗
辨析　treat/cure
词汇
用法
treat
指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思，侧重过程。常用于treat
sb．for
sth．结构中
cure
指“治愈、治好”疾病，也可指消除痛苦，除掉恶习、弊端、嗜好等，侧重结果。常用于cure
sb．of
sth．结构中
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Drunk
driving
should
be
treated
__as__
a
crime
regardless
of
whether
the
driver
causes
a
crash．
②(2018·浙江卷)It
was
summer,
and
my
dad
wanted
to
treat
me
__to__
a
vacation
like
never
before．
③
(天津卷)Cathy
suffered
some
terrible
illness
in
her
early
childhood．
After
years
of
regular
__treatment__
(treat),
she
finally
became
healthy．
提能—句式升级。
④If
the
patient
was
treated
in
a
proper
way,
he
was
likely
to
be
saved．
→__If
treated__
in
a
proper
way，the
patient
was
likely
to
be
saved．
(省略句)
→__Treated__
in
a
proper
way,
the
patient
was
likely
to
be
saved．
(分词作状语)
4．apply
vt．
应用；运用；敷；手压；脚踩　vi．申请
归纳拓展
(1)apply(to．．．)for．．．(向……)申请……
apply
oneself
to致力于；集中精力于
apply
to．．．适应……；适应于……
apply．．．to．．．把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
(2)applicant
n．申请人
application
n．申请；申请书；适用
巧学助记
The
applicant
applied
himself
to
applying
for
a
post
for
teaching
applied
chemistry,
saying
that
he
would
apply
what
he
learnt
to
his
teaching．
这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把所学到的应用到他的教学中去。
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中apply的含义。
①You
may
apply
in
person
or
by
letter．__申请__
②At
last
he
applied
a
little
wax
polish
(蜡油)．__涂；敷__
③He
applied
his
brake
quickly
immediately
he
saw
a
dog
lying
on
the
road．__手压；脚踩__
④The
new
discovery
may
be
applied
in
medicine．__应用；运用__
提能—单句语法填空。
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)This
smart
keyboard
precisely
measure
the
cadence
(节奏)with
which
one
types
and
the
pressure
fingers
apply
__to__
each
key．
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We
had
to
write
a
paper
on
how
we
plan
to
apply
what
we
would
learn
in
class
__to__
our
future
professions．
⑦I've
applied
to
that
company
__for__
a
job，and
my
__application__
(apply)
has
been
accepted．
提能—一句多译。
如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。(apply)
⑧If
you
__apply
yourself
to
your
study__，you
will
pass
your
exam．
⑨__Apply
yourself
to
your
study__
and
you
will
pass
your
exam．(祈使句＋and)
⑩__Applying
yourself
to
your
study__，you
will
pass
your
exam．(分词作状语)
5．in
place在适当的位置上；适当的；合适的
归纳拓展
(1)out
of
place不在适当的位置；不恰当
in
the
first/next
place
首先，第一/其次；第二点
in
place
of代替
(2)take
place发生；举办
take
one's
place
就座；代替某人
take
the
place
of代替；取代
take
the
first
place获得第一名
层级训练
夯基—用place的相关短语完成句子。
①Firstly
I
collected
all
the
books,
newspapers
and
other
things
scattered
in
the
rooms
and
put
them
__in
place__．
②The
doctor
advised
her
to
eat
more
bean
products
__in
place
of__
meat
which
might
be
harmful
to
her
heart．
③The
manager
will
be
away
on
business
and
I'll
__take
the
place
of
him(＝take
his
place)__
during
his
absence．
④Being
poor,
he
felt
completely
__out
of
place__
among
those
rich
people．
⑤Robots
will
not
__take
the
place
of__
teachers
in
the
classrooms
in
the
future．
提能—句式升级。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Firstly,
with
a
good
command
of
English,
I'm
quite
qualified
for
the
volunteer
job．
→__In
the
first
place__，with
a
good
command
of
English,
I'm
quite
qualified
for
the
volunteer
job．
6．make
a
difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
归纳拓展
make
a
difference
to．．．对……有作用/有影响
make
some/no/little
difference(to．．．)(对……)有/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell
the
difference(between．．．and．．．)辨别/区分(……与……)
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2017·北京卷)Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
a
__difference__
(differ)
in
the
world．
②What
you
have
said
will
make
no
difference
__to__
the
naughty
boy．
③The
twins
are
so
alike;
it's
difficult
to
tell
the
difference
__between
them．
提能—单句写作。
④(安徽高考书面表达)只要可能我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。
I
will
help
clean
up
the
roadside
litter
whenever
possible．
I
hope
__my
behavior
will
make
a
difference__．
7．knock
off打翻；撞倒；撞翻；使减少；使降低
归纳拓展
knock
at/on敲(门、窗等)
knock
against．．．撞到……之上
knock
into．．．与……相撞；偶然碰到(某人)
knock
down/over
打倒(某人)；撞倒；拆除
knock
around/about
闲逛；漫游；游荡
层级训练
夯基—介、副词填空。
①Did
you
notice
who
knocked
her
__over/down__?
②He
was
lost
in
thought
and
knocked
__into/against__
a
tree．
③They
knocked
__around/about__
in
the
city
for
the
whole
afternoon．
④I
knocked
__into__
a
friend
of
mine
who
I
hadn't
seen
for
ages．
⑤They
finally
knocked
10%
__off__
the
price．
⑥(2017·北京)She
was
knocked
__down__
by
a
ball．
8．Remove
clothing
using
scissors
if
necessary
unless
it
is
stuck
to
the
burn．
除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导的是一个否定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if．．．not．．．引导的否定条件状语从句互换。
归纳拓展
(1)unless是连词，相当于if
not，意为“除非，如果不”，引导的是一个否定条件状语从句。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。
(3)unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·天津卷)Tom
is
so
independent
that
he
never
asks
his
parents'
opinion
__unless__
he
wants
their
support．
②Unless
the
weather
__gets__(get)
better,
I
will
stay
at
home．
③I
won't
attend
the
party
to
be
held
tomorrow
unless
__invited__(invite)．
提能—一句多译。
众所周知，除非你有规律地进行锻炼，否则身体就不会健康。
④It
is
known
to
all
that
__unless
you
exercise
regularly__
,
you
won't
keep
fit．
(unless)
⑤It
is
known
to
all
that
__if
you
don't
exercise
regularly__，you
won't
keep
healthy．(if)
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The
furniture,
with
its
modern
style
and
bright
colors,
suits
modern
houses
and
their
gardens,
but
looks
out
of__place__
in
the
garden
of
a
traditional
home．
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：有着现代风格的色彩鲜艳的家具适合现代的房屋和花园，但是放在传统风格的家里看起来就格格不入。信息词but告诉我们应该填place,
out
of
place表示“不合适的，格格不入的”。
2．Some
school
teachers
complained,
“Many
kids
haven't
got
any
hobbies—
__unless__
you
call
playing
computer
games
a
hobby．”
解析：考查连词。句意：一些老师抱怨说“许多孩子没有任何爱好，除非你把打电脑游戏叫作一项爱好。”由句意可知，填unless，意为“除非，如果不”。
3．__Filled__(fill)
with
shame,
the
boy
lowered
his
head,
ready
for
the
punishment
from
his
dad．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因为愧疚感，这个小男孩低下头等他的父亲的惩罚。be
filled
with“充满了……”，故填过去分词作原因状语。
4．Little
Tom,
who
got
burned
while
he
was
setting
off
fireworks,
__is
being
treated__(treat)
in
hospital
now．
解析：句意：小汤姆在放烟火时被烧伤了，现在正在医院救治。主句的时间状语为now，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
5．The
boy
made
the
same
mistakes
over
__and__
over
again,
which，of
course,
made
his
parents
very
angry．
解析：句意：那个男孩一次次犯同样的错误，这当然令他的父母很生气。over
and
over
again“反复；多次”，符合句意。
6．—Was
it
because
of
the
terrible
weather
__that__
his
flight
was
delayed?
—Not
really．An
old
lady
suffered
a
heart
attack
and
they
had
to
fly
back．
解析：考查强调句型。题中的问句部分为强调句型的一般疑问句形式，被强调部分是“because
of
the
terrible
weather”，强调句型的一般疑问句的构成：Was/Is
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，故所填词用that。
7．—Don'
t
put
so
much
__pressure__(press)
on
the
children．It's
harmful
to
their
health．
—OK，I
won't．
解析：考查固定搭配。put
pressure
on意为“给……施加压力”。前句句意：不要给孩子们施加太多压力，这有害于他们的健康。
8．The
number
of
people,
who
have
access
to
their
own
cars，__has
risen__
(rise)
sharply
in
the
past
decade．
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是the
number
of
people，所以谓语动词用单数；in
the
past
decade表示时间从过去持续到现在，即“十年来”，因此用现在完成时。
9．There
is
little
doubt
__that__
you
will
be
able
to
judge
truth
and
error
if
you
have
confidence
in
yourself．
解析：doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中，其后从句常用whether引导；在否定句和疑问句中使用that引导从句。此处that无意义，也不作成分，是同位语从句的引导词。
10．They
have
earned
lots
of
money,
so
I
__firmly__(firm)
believe
that
the
business
is
a
success．
解析：从They
have
earned
lots
of
money可知，“我”坚信(firmly
believe)生意是成功的。修饰动词believe要用副词firmly。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．With
aid
of
a
compass
the
traveler
can
find
the
land．
__With后加the__
2．Don't
take
anything
away．
Mother
likes
everything
to
be
in
the
place．
__去掉the__
3．You
would
pass
your
exams
if
you
applied
you
to
your
study．
__to前的you→yourself__
4．A
few
kind
words
at
the
right
time
make
difference．
__difference前加a__
5．She
was
thinking
about
the
problem
then
Tom
patted
her．
__then→when__
6．Little
Tom,
who
got
burned
while
he
was
setting
off
fireworks,
is
treated
in
hospital
now．
__is后加being__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．如果治疗及时，一些疾病一点也不危险。(过去分词作状语；treat)
__Treated
in
time，some
diseases
are
not
dangerous
at
all．__
2．除非你全身心投入，否则你不会获得成功的。(省略；apply)
__You
will
never
gain
success
unless
applying
yourself
to
your
work．__
3．重要的是我们应与我们周围的人好好相处。(it作形式主语；vital)
__It
is
vital
that
we
(should)
get
on/along
well
with
people
around
us．__
4．我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(be
doing．．．when．．．)
__I
was
walking
in
the
street
when
I
suddenly
saw
an
old
man
fall
off
his
bicycle．__
5．明天早点起床，如果不早起的话，你就赶不上第一班公交车。(省略句)
__Get
up
early
tomorrow．If
not，you
will
not
catch
the
first
bus．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
As
we
all
know,
__1．having__
(have)
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
a
difference
in
our
daily
life．
If
a
traffic
accident
happens
and
someone
__2．is
injured__
(injure),
the
following
steps
can
be
used
to
treat
__3．the__
injured．
In
the
first
place,
we
should
make
sure
that
the
accident
scene
is
safe
so
that
we
won't
get
hurt．
We
should
ask
the
injured
person
if
he
is
OK,
and
see
if
he
__4．is
breathing
__
(breathe)．
What's
more,
we
should
check
for
cuts
and
wounds．
For
a
simple
cut，it
is
only
necessary
__5．
to
wash
__
(wash)
the
area
of
the
cut,
dry
it
and
cover
it
with
a
piece
of
dry
clean
cloth．
If
he
is
bleeding
__6．
badly__
(bad),
it
is
vital
that
we
should
try
to
stop
the
bleeding
by
applying
pressure
__7．
to__
the
injury．
This
is
__8．because__
if
a
person
loses
too
much
blood,
he
may
die．
If
necessary,
take
the
injured
person
to
the
hospital
as
soon
as
possible．
Do
remember:
when
__9．giving__
(give)
first
aid,
please
be
sure
to
place
the
person
in
a
__10．recovery__
(recover)
position．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
你校英文报正在开展主题为“急救知识”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己所了解的急救知识，并给英文报社投稿。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①割伤是日常生活中非常常见的伤，会疼、肿或流血。
Cuts
__are
very
common
injuries
in
our
daily
life__，which
will
__cause
pain，swelling
or
bleeding__．
②伤员也许会感染甚至死亡。
The
victims
__may
get
infected__
or
even
die．
③知道一些处理割伤的知识的确起作用。
__A
knowledge
of
how
to
treat
cuts
can
make
a
big
difference．__
④对简单的割伤，仅需要洗净伤口部位，擦干并用干燥而干净的布包扎。
For
a
simple
cut，it
is
only
necessary
to
wash
the
area
of
the
cut，dry
it
and
__cover
it
with
a
piece
of
dry
clean
cloth__．
⑤如果这个人流血很严重，通过向伤口施压止血至关重要。
If
the
person
__is
bleeding
badly/heavily__，__it
is
vital
that
you
should
try
to
stop
the
bleeding
by
applying
pressure
to
the
injury__．
⑥那是因为如果他/她失去三分之一的血，也许会死掉。
That
is
because
__if
a
person
loses
one
third
of
his
or
her
blood__，he
or
she
may
die．
⑦如果必要的话，把伤员送往医院。(省略句)
__If
necessary，take
the
injured
person
to
the
hospital．__
?升级平淡句
利用强调句式升级句③
__It
is
a
knowledge
of
how
to
treat
cuts
that
can
make
a
big
difference．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：however，what's
worse等)
__Cuts
are
very
common
injuries
in
our
daily
life,
which
will
cause
pain,
swelling
or
bleeding．
What's
worse,
the
victims
may
get
infected
or
even
die．
However,
it
is
a
knowledge
of
how
to
treat
cuts
that
can
make
a
big
difference．
For
a
simple
cut,
it
is
only
necessary
to
wash
the
area
of
the
cut，dry
it
and
cover
it
with
a
piece
of
dry
clean
cloth．
If
the
person
is
bleeding
badly/heavily,
it
is
vital
that
you
should
try
to
stop
the
bleeding
by
applying
pressure
to
the
injury．
That
is
because
if
a
person
loses
one
third
of
his
or
her
blood,
he
or
she
may
die．
If
necessary，take
the
injured
person
to
the
hospital．__
PAGEUnit
4　Making
the
news
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__unusual__
adj．不同寻常的；独特的2．__eager__
adj．渴望的；热切的3．__acquire__vt．获得；取得；学到4．__inform__vt．告知；通知5．__deadline__
n．最后期限6．__meanwhile__adv．其间；同时7．__case__n．情况；病例；案例8．__accuse__vt．指责；谴责；控告9．__demand__n．需求；要求vt．强烈要求10．__gifted__adj．有天赋的11．__department__n．部门；部；处；系12．__polish__vt．擦亮；磨光；润色13．__publish__vt．出版；发行；发表；公布14．__chief__
adj．主要的；首席的n．首领；长官
1．The
old
man
is
__eager__
(渴望的)
to
come
back
to
his
hometown
after
living
abroad
for
many
years．
2．The
English
__department__
(系)
of
our
school
will
hold
a
party
to
celebrate
Christmas．3．
__Meanwhile__
(同时),
I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
as
soon
as
possible．4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Teens
and
younger
children
are
reading
a
lot
less
for
fun,
according
to
a
Common
Sense
Media
report
__published__
(publish)
Monday．5．The
man
was
clever,
and
__gifted__
(gift)
with
a
sharp
business
brain．6．(全国卷I)As
you
know，__to
acquire__(acquire)
a
good
knowledge
of
Chinese,
you
should
learn
more
about
Chinese
culture
and
history．7．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Like
running,
race
walking
is
physically
demanding(demand),
she
says．
拓展单词
1．__concentrate__
vi．&
vt．集中；聚集→__concentration__n．专心；集中→__concentrated__
adj．全神贯注的2．__guilty__adj．犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→__guilt__n．内疚；犯罪；有罪3．__editor__
n．编辑→__edition__n．版(本)；版次→__edit__v．编辑4．__approve__
vt．赞成；认可；批准→__approval__n．赞成；认可；批准→__disapproval__
n．不赞成；反对5．__appointment__
n．约会；任命→__appoint__vt．约定；任命6．__assess__
vt．评估；评定→__assessment__
n．评估；评定7．__delighted__
adj．快乐的；欣喜的→__delight__
n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt．使高兴；使欣喜8．__admirable__
adj．值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→__admire__vt．钦佩；羡慕9．__assist__vt．帮助；协助；援助→__assistance__
n．帮助；协助→__assistant__n．助手；助理；售货员10．__profession__
n．职业；专业→__professional__
adj．专业的；职业的n．专业人员
1．To
his
__delight__，he
took
first
place
in
the
exam．
His
parents
were
__delighted__
to
know
about
it．
(delight)
2．Tom
is
an
__assistant__
teacher
in
the
college．
He
often
__assists__
the
students
with
their
problems
and
gives
__assistance__
to
any
student
in
need．
(assist)3．Mary
and
I
had
__appointed__
to
meet
at
the
shopping
center,
but
she
failed
to
keep
the
__
appointment__，so
I
was
very
angry．
(appoint)4．In
class,
the
naughty
boy
has
little
power
of
__concentration__;_as
a
result,
he
could
not
__concentrate__
on
what
his
teacher
says．
But
when
he
plays
computer
games,
he
can't
be
more
__concentrated__．(concentrate)5．Professor
Smith,
who
is
famous
in
the
medical
__profession__，is
paying
a
__professional__
visit
to
our
college．
(profession)
6．We
went
to
the
gallery
last
weekend
and
all
the
artists
were
very
__admirable__．
In
other
words,
we
__admired__
the
artists
for
their
__admirable__
skills．
(admire)
联想积累：
1．新闻媒体相关词汇一览
①journalist
n．
记者；新闻工作者
②reporter
n．
记者
③editor
n．
编辑
④chief
editor
n．
主编
⑤photographer
n．
摄影师
⑥daily
n．
日报
⑦weekly
n．
周报
⑧mass
media
大众传播媒介
2．后缀-able形容词集锦
①admirable
令人钦佩的
②comfortable
舒适的
③unbelievable
难以置信的
④honorable
荣誉的；光荣的
⑤reasonable
合情合理的
⑥respectable
可敬的
⑦valuable
值钱的；贵重的
⑧suitable
合适的
3．“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃
(1)赞成；支持
①approve
vt．
批准；赞成
②favour
vt．
&
n．
赞成
③support
vt．
支持；赞成
(2)反对
①oppose
vt．
反对
②object
vi．
反对
③against
prep．
反对
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__concentrate
on__集中；全神贯注于
2．__depend
on__依靠；依赖
3．__accuse．．．of__因……指责或控告……
4．__so
as
to(do
sth．)__为了(做)……
5．__ahead
of__在……前面
6．__have
a
nose
for．．．__对……很敏感；善于发现
7．__keep
in
mind__记住
8．__be
eager
to
do
sth．__渴望做某事
9．__be
supposed
to__应该
10．__be
happy
with__对……满意
语境运用
1．When
we
__concentrate
on__
books
that
we
are
really
interested
in,
it
seems
that
we
will
forget
the
trouble
that
we
meet
in
the
real
world．
2．Mr．
Yang
__was
accused
of__
accepting
other's
money
illegally,
but
he
denied
having
done
so．
3．As
students,
we
must
be
occupied
in
our
studies
__so
as
to__serve
the
society
and
our
nation
in
the
future．
4．You
must
__keep
in
mind
__
that
there
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world,
so
don't
be
lazy
and
hate
work．
5．Thanks
to
your
hard
work,
we
can
finish
the
task
__ahead
of__schedule．
6．Some
experts
think
that
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
which
school
education
__depends
on__．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Never
will
Zhou
Yang(ZY)
forget
his
first
assignment
at
the
office
of
a
popular
English
newspaper．周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。
否定词never置于句首，句子用部分倒装。
1．我从未怀疑过父亲会来救我。Never
for
a
second
__did
I
doubt__
that
my
father
would
come
to
my
rescue．
2．His
discussion
with
his
new
boss,
Hu
Xin(HX),
was
to
strongly
influence
his
life
as
a
journalist．他与新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。
be
to
do在句中表示后来发生的事，常译为“注定会……；一定……”。
2．(陕西卷)在大学期间奥巴马从不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。At
college,
Barack
Obama
didn't
know
that
__he
was
to
be__the
first
black
president
of
the
United
States
of
America．
3．Have
you
ever
had
a
case
where
someone
accused
your
journalists
of
getting
the
wrong
end
of
the
stick?你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道失实呢？
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
case。
3．(重庆卷)销售总监是一个交流能力和销售技巧同样重要的职位。Sales
director
is
a
position
__where__communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
skills．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．assist
vt．帮助；协助；援助
词汇拓展
assistance
n．帮助；协助
assistant
n．助手，助理；售货员
用法归纳
(1)assist
sb．
to
do
sth．帮助某人做某事
assist
sb．
in
doing
sth．帮助某人做某事
assist
sb．
with
sth．帮助某人某事
(2)with
the
assistance/help
of
在……的帮助下
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The
guide
managed
to
assist
the
tourists
__to
find__
(find)
somewhere
to
live
during
the
Russia
World
Cup．
②With
the
__assistance__(assist)
of
his
teacher,
he
gradually
adjusted
to
the
school
life．
③(全国卷Ⅱ)His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
__assistant__
(assist)
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect
other
students．
提能—单句写作。
④__To
assist
the
students
to
learn/in
learning
Chinese
better__，our
school
has
decided
to
donate
some
books
to
your
Chinese
class．
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一些图书。
2．inform
vt．告知；通知
词汇拓展
information
n．信息；情报
informed
adj．消息灵通的；见多识广的
用法归纳
inform
sb．of/about
sth．告知某人某事
inform
sb．＋从句
通知某人……
keep
sb．informed
of/about．．．使某人了解……
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(福建)It
was
considerate
of
Michael
to
inform
us
__of__
his
delay
in
case
we
got
worried．
②(江苏)From
the
earliest
ages,
they
desire
to
help
others,
to
share
__information__(inform)
and
to
participate
in
achieving
common
goals．
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On
March
19,
Dennis
got
a
group
text
__informing__
(inform)
him
that
a
couple
he
didn't
know
were
at
the
hospital,
waiting
for
the
arrival
of
a
baby．
④The
boss
asked
his
secretary
to
keep
him
well
__informed__
(inform)
of
the
programme's
progress．
夯基—单句改错。
⑤We
regret
to
inform
that
your
application
has
been
rejected．
__inform后加you__
提能—单句写作。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I'm
Li
Hua,
the
captain
of
our
school
volleyball
team．__I
am
writing
to
inform
you
that__
our
team
is
going
to
play
in
the
National
League．
我是李华，校排球队队长。我写信通知你我们球队要参加全国联赛。
3．case
n．
事例；情况；案例；病例
归纳拓展
in
case(连词)以防；倘若
in
case(副词)万一……的话；以防；免得
in
case
of如果；万一……的话
in
that/this
case在那样/这样的情况下
in
no
case决不
in
any
case无论如何
as
is
often
the
case这是常有的事
a
small
case小事一桩
名师点津
(1)in
case后常常接句子；in
case
of后常常接名词。
(2)in
no
case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(3)如果case充当先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，后面的定语从句通常用where或in
which引导。
层级训练
夯基—用case的相关短语填空。
①(2019·江苏卷)The
doctor
shares
his
phone
number
with
the
patients
__in
case__
they
need
medical
assistance．
②(2019·北京卷书面表达)In
addition,
please
pack
a
pair
of
comfortable
shoes
__in
case
of__
the
city
walk．
③__As
is
often
the
case__
,
he
was
late
for
class,
which
made
his
teacher
very
angry．
④You
may
think
of
giving
up
studying．
__In
this
case__，just
think
it
over
before
making
a
decision．
提能—句式升级。
⑤We
should
in
no
case
do
anything
that
goes
against
the
interests
of
people．
→__In
no
case
should
we
do
anything__
that
goes
against
the
interests
of
people．(倒装)
4．demand
n．需求；要求　vt．
强烈要求
词汇拓展
demanding
adj．
要求苛刻的；费力的
用法归纳
(1)demand
to
do
sth．要求做某事
demand
that
．．．要求……
demand
sth．of/from
sb．向某人要求某物
(2)be
in(great)demand(迫切)需求
meet/satisfy
one's
demands
满足某人的需求
温馨提示
demand后不能跟不定式的复合结构，即不能说demand
sb．to
do，但可以说demand
of
sb．to
do；其后跟宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He
found
he
couldn't
cope
with
the
__demanding__
(demand)
job．
提能—熟词生义。
②(2019·浙江卷)The
challenge
is
all
the
more
serious
when
you
consider
the
demanding
exercise
required
to
bike
from
France
to
Poland．__费力的__
夯基—单句改错。
③We
demand
the
US
government
to
apologize
to
China
for
this
incident．
__demand后加of__
提能—完成句子。
④(2019·江苏卷)More
wind
power
stations
will
spring
up
to
__meet
the
demand
for
clean
energy__
(满足对清洁能源的需求)．
提能—词汇/句式升级。
⑤The
manager
asked
the
workers
to
work
extra
hours
to
complete
the
task
ahead
of
time．
→The
manager
__demanded
that
the
workers
(should)
work
extra
hours__
to
complete
the
task
ahead
of
time．(宾语从句)
5．approve
vt．赞成；认可；批准
词汇拓展
approval
n．赞成；同意；批准；通过
approving
adj．赞同的
disapprove
vt．不赞成；不批准
；不认可
disapproval
n．不批准；不认可；不同意
用法归纳
(1)approve
sth．批准；(通过)某事
approve
of(sb．/sb．'s)(doing)sth．赞同/同意(某人)(做)某事
(2)give
one's
approval
to同意；批准
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A
survey
done
recently
shows
that
not
all
parents
approve
__of__
their
children
taking
part
in
the
weekend
classes．
②The
professor
made
no
comment
about
the
speech,
but
gave
an
__approving__
(approve)
nod．
③I
would
appreciate
it
if
my
application
could
get
your
__approval__
(approve)．
提能—一句多译。
(2017·北京卷书面表达)老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
④The
teacher
__gave
his
approval
to
us
making
a
video__
to
record
our
experiences
at
school．(approval)
⑤The
teacher
__approved
of
us
making
a
video__
to
record
our
experiences
at
school．(approve)
6．concentrate
on
集中；全神贯注于
归纳拓展
(1)concentrate
on
(doing)
sth．专心(做)某事
concentrate
one's
attention/effort/energy/mind
on
sth．集中注意力/力量/精力/思想于某事
(2)concentration
n．集中；专心
(3)focus/fix．．．on．．．集中……于……
put
one's
mind/heart
in/into．．．专心于……
be
absorbed
in．．．专心于……
apply
oneself/one's
mind
to．．．专心于……
pay
attention
to．．．专心于……；注意……
名师点津
以上短语中in，to，on都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Playing
computer
games
can
give
us
some
relaxation
after
school,
but
as
students
we
must
concentrate
__on__
our
studies．
②He
didn't
notice
the
teacher
standing
by
his
side,
__concentrating
(concentrate)
all
his
attention
on
his
speech
for
the
conference．
③Speaking
on
the
phone
requires
__concentration__
(concentrate)
and
takes
a
driver's
attention
from
the
road．
提能—一句多译。
你若集中精力学习英语，你就会掌握这门语言的。(concentrate)
④If
you
__concentrate
your
mind/attention/yourself
on__
English,
you
will
master
the
language．
⑤__Concentrate
your
mind/attention/yourself
on__
English,
and
you
will
master
the
language．
⑥__Concentrating
your
mind/attention/yourself
on__
English
will
enable
you
to
master
the
language．
7．depend
on
依靠；依赖
(1)depend
on
sb．
to
do/one's
doing
sth．依靠某人做某事
depend
on
sb．
for
sth．依靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that．．．指望……；对……深信不疑
(2)That
depends．/It
(all)
depends．视情况而定。
类似短语：
rely
on＝count
on依靠
insist
on坚持
call
on呼吁；号召
get
on上车；相处
concentrate/focus
on集中精力于
congratulate
on祝贺
look
on旁观
put
on上演；穿上
go/keep
on继续
keep
an
eye
on照料；照管
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·北京卷)Ocean
colour
varies
from
green
to
blue,
__depending__
(depend)
on
the
type
and
concentration
of
phytoplankton
(浮游植物)．
②Now
that
you
are
an
adult,
it
is
wrong
of
you
to
depend
on
your
parents
__for__
food
and
clothing．
③(2020·天津卷)I
never
worried
about
my
son
while
I
was
away
because
my
mother
kept
an
eye
__on__
him．
提能—用含on短语的适当形式填空。
One
day
I
①__got
on__(上车)
a
bus
and
it
was
very
crowded．When
a
man
②__concentrated/focused
on__(集中于)
his
phone,
he
found
his
wallet
stolen
by
a
thief．A
fight
between
them
③__put
on__(上演)．Many
people
just
④__looked
on__(旁观)
because
they
thought
the
two
people
could
⑤__rely
on__(依靠)
themselves
to
solve
the
problem．So
the
fight
⑥__went
on__(继续)．Suddenly
the
thief
took
out
his
knives．“Come
on!
Someone
will
be
injured．”
shouted
the
crowd．Tim
came
up
to
the
thief
and
knocked
him
down．People
⑦__congratulated
on__(祝贺)
him
and
said
he
was
a
hero．The
driver
⑧__insisted
on__(坚持)
Tim's
behavior
deserving
our
respect
and
⑨__called
on__(号召)
us
to
learn
from
him．
8．accuse．．．of因……指责或控告……
(1)accuse
sb．
of
(doing)
sth．＝charge
sb．
with
(doing)
sth．
因(做)某事指控某人
(2)the
accused被告
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A
footballer
__was
accused__
(accuse)
of
taking
money
for
deliberately
not
scoring
goals
so
as
to
let
the
other
team
win．
②For
lack
of
enough
evidence,
the
__accused__
(accuse)
was
allowed
to
go
free．
提能—一句多译。
由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。
③__Accused
of
stealing
money__，the
man
was
brought
to
the
court．(accuse)
④__Charged
with
stealing
money__
,
the
man
was
brought
to
the
court．
(charge)
9．Have
you
ever
had
a
case
where
someone
accused
your
journalists
of
getting
the
wrong
end
of
the
stick?
你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道失实呢？
本句中的where引导定语从句，修饰先行词case。
归纳拓展
英语中某些抽象地点名词，如case,
stage,
situation,
position,
condition,
point,
activity,
system等，后接定语从句时，如从句中缺少状语，关系词常用where。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Can
you
think
of
a
situation
__where__
this
word
is
used?
②Today,
we'll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
__where__
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly．
③We're
just
trying
to
reach
a
point
__where__
both
sides
will
sit
down
together
and
talk．
④I
was
walking
in
the
street
when
I
noticed
a
terrible
scene
__where__
a
man
beat
up
a
bus
driver．
提能—句式升级。
⑤Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities．
They
can
gain
experience
for
growth
in
community
activities．
→Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
__where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth__．(定语从句)
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．No
sooner
had
Mo
Yan
stepped
on
the
stage
__than__
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause．
解析：句意：莫言刚踏上舞台，观众就爆发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no
sooner．．．than．．．“一……就……”，no
sooner位于句首时，应进行部分倒装，且动作发生在掌声爆发之前，故用过去完成时。
2．Don't
defend
him
any
more．It's
obvious
that
he
__deliberately__(deliberate)
destroyed
the
fence
of
the
garden
even
without
apology．
解析：句意：不要再为他辩护了，很明显，他是故意破坏花园的围墙的，甚至连道歉都没有。deliberately“故意地”。
3．I
have
an
appointment
__with__
Dr．Smith,
but
I
need
to
change
it．
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我跟史密斯先生有个约会，但是我得改一下。have
an
appointment
with
sb．“跟某人有约”，为固定搭配。
4．What
are
you
doing
out
of
bed,
Tom?
You're__supposed__(suppose)
to
be
asleep．
解析：句意：汤姆你在床下干什么？你应该睡觉了。be
supposed
to相当于should，“应该，应当”，符合题意。
5．Leave
your
key
with
your
neighbor
__in__
case
you
lock
yourself
out
one
day．
解析：考查连词的用法。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防某天你把自己锁在外面。in
case“以防，万一”。
6．Hard
__as/though__
they
tried,
they
couldn't
make
her
change
her
mind．
解析：考查as引导让步状语从句。as/though引导让步状语从句，使用部分倒装，其倒装结构为：过去分词、形容词、名词、副词、动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋谓语。句意：尽管他们努力劝说，还是不能改变她的心意。
7．—I
reminded
you
not
to
forget
the
lecture．
—So
you
__did__．
解析：考查学生对“so＋主语＋助动词”结构的掌握情况。
句意：——我提醒你不要忘记这个讲座。——你确实提醒了。“so＋主语＋助动词”表示对某人说法的认可。
8．A
turning
point
of
the
continuously
high
housing
price
won't
appear
suddenly
because
there
must
be
a
certain
process
__where__
many
factors
lead
to
the
change．
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“________many
factors
lead
to
the
change”是定语从句，a
certain
process为先行词，表示抽象地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故空处用where。
9．You
should
get
down
to
your
study
from
now
on．Please
concentrate
__on__
what
is
of
great
importance
for
your
future
development．
解析：句意：从现在起你应该开始认真学习了，请专心于对你未来的发展非常重要的事情。concentrate
on“专心于……”，符合句意。
10．I
didn't
approve
__of__
his
action,
but
he
explained
his
reason
and
then
I
saw
the
light．
解析：句意：我不赞同他的行为，但是他解释了他的理由，然后我就明白了。
11．—How
are
things
going,
Janete?
—They
have
set
out
to
deal
with
the
present
situation
__which/that__they
think
deserves
their
immediate
attention．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：——情况怎么样，雅内特？——他们已经着手处理目前的情况，他们认为这值得他们及时关注。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the
present
situation，从句中they
think为插入语，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which或that引导。
12．The
news
caused
heated
discussion
online,
with
people
__accusing__
(accuse)
the
government
__of__
using
the
expensive
project
to
build
up
its
political
image．
解析：考查非谓语动词与动词短语。句意：这个消息引起了网上的激烈争论，人们指责政府利用耗资巨大的工程来树立自己的政治形象。根据题干可知，此处考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，在这个结构中，宾补可以是to
do/doing/done的形式。当宾语和补语之间是主动关系，并且补语动作尚未发生时，宾补用to
do形式；已经发生；如果宾语与补语之间是主动关系用doing，被动关系，则用done形式。本句话中补语动词accuse与宾语people之间是主动关系，同时accuse
sb．of是固定短语，意为“指控某人……”。
13．With
the
__assistance__
(assist)
of
his
teacher,
he
gradually
adjusted
to
the
school
life．
解析：with
the
assistance
of“在……的帮助下”。
14．You
can
depend
on
__it__
that
the
school
will
respond
immediately
to
the
students'
request
that
they
should
have
more
time
to
relax．
解析：考查固定结构。depend
on
it
that．．．“指望……”。
15．Generally
speaking,
a
political
leader
should
have
a
good
nose
__for__
current
affairs．
解析：考查短语。have
a
good
nose
for．．．“对……有敏锐的嗅觉”。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Leave
your
key
with
your
neighbor
in
case
of
you
lock
yourself
out
one
day．
__去掉of__
2．Catherine's
mother
will
never
approve
her
marriage
to
you．
__approve后加of__
3．The
teacher
demanded
that
the
students
must
be
on
time
to
every
class．
__去掉must或must→should__
4．The
people
wanted
to
accuse
him
stealing
their
purses．
__him后加of__
5．The
time
in
London
is
five
hours
ahead
that
in
New
York．
__ahead后加of__
6．It
all
depends
that
she
likes
the
boss
or
not．
__that→whether__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．如果您能随时告诉我丢失的钱包的情况，我将不胜感激。(inform)
__I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
keep
me
informed
of
my
lost
wallet．__
2．我从未怀疑过在我陷入困境时父亲会帮助我。(倒装；assist)
__Never
have
I
doubted
that
my
father
will
assist
me
when
I
get
into
trouble．__
3．因为你有天赋且很努力，你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。(be
to
do．．．)
__Your
dream
of
becoming
a
journalist
is
to
come
true
because
you're
gifted
and
hardworking．__
4．我可以想象很多青少年不知道如何学好英语的情况。
(case)
__I
can
imagine
many
cases
where
many
teenagers
don't
know
how
to
learn
English
well．__
5．有噪音我不能集中精力学习。(concentrate)
I
can't
__concentrate
on__
my
studies
with
that
noise
going
on．
Ⅳ．语篇填空
Zhou
Yang
will
never
forget
his
first
assignment
__1．as__
a
reporter
of
an
English
newspaper．
At
the
office
his
talk
with
his
new
boss
influenced
his
life
strongly．
His
boss
told
him
not
to
go
out
to
cover
an
event
without
a
__2．professional__
(profession)
photographer．
During
the
interviews,
he
had
to
listen
to
a
lot
of
facts
in
detail
while
getting
well
__3．prepared__
(prepare)
for
the
next
question
based
on
__4．what
__
the
person
said．
If
the
person
__5．interviewed__
(interview)
agreed,
he
could
use
a
recorder
to
record
what
the
interviewee
said．
The
boss
also
told
him
a
case
where
someone
accused
their
journalists
of
getting
the
wrong
end
of
the
stick．
Once
a
footballer
__6．was
accused__(accuse)
of
taking
money
for
__7．deliberately
__
(deliberate)
not
scoring
goals．
He
admitted
that
someone
__8．had
tried__
(try)
to
bribe
him,
but
he
denied
taking
the
money．
The
journalists
wrote
an
article
suggesting
he
was
lying．
He
was
angry
and
tried
to
stop
it,
__9．but__
failed．
Finally,
it
was
proved
that
he
was
__10．guilty
__
(guilt)．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，某英文报社招聘记者，你打算应聘。请按以下写作要求写一封申请信。①写信目的；②自身优势；③表达愿望。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①因为对网上登广告的工作很感兴趣，我写信申请在贵部门作记者。
Interested
in
the
job
advertised
on
the
Internet，__I'm
writing
to
apply
for
the
position
as
a
journalist
in
your
department__．
②我深信我能满足您的要求，因为我有以下几个优势。
I'm
convinced
that
__I
can
meet
your
demands
because
of
the
following
advantages__．
③我对新闻很敏感，因此在我校校报工作时常被派去报道校园发生的事情。
I
have
__such
a
good
nose
for
news__
that
I
was
often
sent
to
cover
the
stories
happening
in
the
campus
when
working
for
my
school's
paper．
④谈到获取所有的信息，我不仅能问许多不同的问题还能专注细节。
When
it
comes
to
__acquiring
all
the
information__，I
can
not
only
ask
many
different
questions
but
I
can
__
concentrate
on
details__．
⑤针对被采访者所说的内容，我能迅速准备好下面的问题。
I
can
prepare
the
next
question
quickly
__depending
on
what
the
interviewees
say__．
⑥如能被录用，我会谨慎、勤奋以不辜负您的期望。
If
accepted，I
will
be
cautious
and
diligent
__so
as
to
live
up
to
your
expectations
__．
⑦如果您能批准我的申请并尽早通知我面试，我将不胜感激。
__I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
approve
my
application
and
inform
me
of
the
interview
at
your
earliest
convenience．__
?升级平淡句
利用倒装句升级句④
__When
it
comes
to
acquiring
all
the
information，not
only
can
I
ask
many
different
questions
but
I
can
concentrate
on
details．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：meanwhile，in
addition，first
of
all等)
__Dear
Sir，__
__Interested
in
the
job
advertised
on
the
Internet，I'm
writing
to
apply
for
the
position
as
a
journalist
in
your
department．
I'm
convinced
that
I
can
meet
your
demands
because
of
the
following
advantages．
First
of
all，I
have
such
a
good
nose
for
news
that
I
was
often
sent
to
cover
the
stories
happening
in
the
campus
when
working
for
my
school's
paper．
In
addition,
when
it
comes
to
acquiring
all
the
information,
not
only
can
I
ask
many
different
questions
but
I
can
concentrate
on
details．
Meanwhile,
I
can
prepare
the
next
question
quickly
depending
on
what
the
interviewees
say．
If
accepted,
I
will
be
cautious
and
diligent
so
as
to
live
up
to
your
expectations．
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
approve
my
application
and
inform
me
of
the
interview
at
your
earliest
convenience．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGEUnit
3　Life
in
the
future
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__previous__
adj．在前的；早先的2．__fasten__vt．系牢；扎牢3．__belt__n．腰带；皮带4．__flash__vt．&
vi．(使)闪光；(使)闪现5．__guide__
n．指导；向导；导游vt．指引；指导6．__lack__vi．
&
vt．缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺的东西7．__switch__n．开关；转换vt．转换8．__optimistic__adj．乐观(主义)的9．__material__n．原料；材料10．__recycle__vt．回收利用；再利用11．__dustbin__
n．垃圾箱12．__button__n．纽扣；按钮
1．A
new
series
of
simple
English
reading
__materials__
(材料)
for
middle
school
students
has
come
out
this
year．
2．(2020·浙江卷)The
traffic
signals
along
Factoria
Boulevard
in
Bellevue,
Washington,
generally
don't
__flash__(闪光)
the
same
length
of
green
twice
in
a
row,
especially
at
rush
hour．
3．In
our
daily
life,
rubbish
should
be
put
into
the
__dustbin__(垃圾箱)．4．If
a
student
__lacks__
(lack)
the
motivation
to
study,
he
or
she
will
quickly
become
tired
of
studying．5．__Guided__
(guide)
by
his
teacher,
Zhang
Ming
successfully
made
a
small
model
robot．6．According
to
the
airline
rules,
we
suggest
you
__(should)
switch__(switch)
off
your
mobile
phone
before
boarding．7．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many
cities
with
bans
still
allow
shoppers
to
purchase
paper
bags,
which
are
easily
__recycled__
(recycle)
but
require
more
energy
to
produce
and
transport．8．After
we
__fastened__
(fasten)
our
seat
belts,
the
driver
started
the
bus
and
headed
for
our
destination．
拓展单词
1．__tolerate__vt．容忍；忍受→__tolerance__
n．容忍2．__impress__
v．(使)留下深刻印象→__impression__n．印象；感想；印记→__impressive__adj．给人深刻印象的3．__constant__
adj．时常发生的；连续不断的→__constantly__
adv．不断地4．__surround__
vt．围绕→__surroundings__n．周围的事物；环境__surrounding__
adj．周围的5．__adjust__
vt．调整；使适应→__adjustment__
n．调整；调节6．__press__vi．&
vt．按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻→__pressure__n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)7．__instant__n．瞬间；片刻adj．立即的；立刻的→__instantly__adv．马上
conj．一……就……8．__settle__
v．定居；解决→__settlement__
n．定居；解决9．__exhaust__
vt．耗尽→__exhausted__adj．筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的10．__motivate__
v．成为……的动机；激励→__motivation__
n．动机11．__certain__
adj．
确信的；有把握的→__uncertain__adj．(反义词)不确切的；无把握的→__certainty__n．确信
1．We
are
in
__instant__
need
of
help．
Please
tell
us
__instantly__they
arrive．
(instant)2．The
city
of
Hangzhou
is
really
an
__impressive__
place．
Especially
the
famous
West
Lake
always
leaves
quite
an__
impression__
on
the
visitors．
I
was
strongly
__impressed__by
its
beauty
the
first
time
I
visited
it．
(impress)
3．The
famous
star
was
enjoying
the
pleasant
__surroundings__
when
he
was
recognized
and
was
__surrounded__
by
a
crowd
of
fans．
(surround)4．The
firm
is
__pressing__
me
for
a
decision
and
the
__pressure__
from
my
parents
is
quite
unbearable,
so
I
had
to
accept
this
new
job．
(press)
5．An
official
was
sent
to
__settle__
the
problem
but
different
opinions
of
two
sides
destroyed
all
the
hopes
of
a
peaceful
__settlement__．
(settle)
联想积累：
1．单复数意义不同的名词集锦
①good善行；好处→goods货物
②brain智力→brains
智者
③custom
习惯；风俗→customs
海关
④instruction
教授→instructions
用法说明
⑤pain痛苦→pains辛苦；努力
⑥sand沙子→sands沙滩
⑦time时间→times时代
2．男女有别
①steward
　　乘务员；服务员
stewardess
女乘务员
②waiter
男服务员
waitress
女服务员
③actor
男演员
actress
女演员
④host
男主人
hostess
女主人
3．后缀-ive形容词大观园
①attractive
吸引人的
②impressive
印象深刻的
③creative
创造性的
④constructive
建设性的
⑤expensive
昂贵的
⑥active
积极的
⑦positive
积极的
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__take
up__拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用
2．__suffer
from__患有(疾病等)；遭受
3．__as
a
result__结果；因此
4．__be
greedy
for．．．__对……贪婪
5．__(a)
lack
of__缺乏……
6．__be
back
on
one's
feet__(困境后)恢复；完全复原
7．__lose
sight
of．．．__看不见……
8．__in
all
directions__向四面八方
9．__sweep
up__打扫；横扫
10．__slide
into__(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
11．__remind
sb．
of．．．__使某人想起……
12．__speed
up__加速
13．__catch
sight
of__看见
语境运用
1．You
will
have
to
__
speed
up__
your
car,
or
you
will
never
catch
up
with
them．
2．I
know
how
busy
you
must
be
and
naturally
I
wouldn't
want
to
__take
up__
too
much
of
your
time．
3．Robert
__slid
into__
his
own
bedroom
without
being
noticed
by
his
parents
at
midnight
yesterday．
4．In
order
to
bring
health
to
his
father's
attention,
Li
Ming
__reminded__
him
__of__
the
bad
effect
of
smoking．
5．Mary
__swept
up__
all
the
broken
glass
before
her
mother
came
back
home
after
work．
6．I
took
a
careful
search
in
the
crowds
at
the
exit
of
the
station,
but
I
still
__lost
sight
of__
my
cousin．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Hit
by
a
lack
of
fresh
air,
my
head
ached．由于缺乏新鲜的空气，我头痛。
Hit
by
a
lack
of
fresh
air为过去分词短语作原因状语。
1．(北京卷)订购于一周多前
，现在书随时都会到。__Ordered__
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now．
2．Exhausted,
I
slid
into
bed
and
fell
fast
asleep．我累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
形容词exhausted在句中作原因状语。
2．(浙江卷)对他们的娴熟感到吃惊，我决定像他们一样好。__Amazed__
at
how
skillful
they
were,
I
determined
to
be
just
as
good．
3．Well,
now
there's
a
system
where
the
waste
is
disposed
of
using
the
principles
of
ecology．现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
system。
3．他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。He
got
into
__a
situation
where__
it
is
hard
to
decide
what
is
right
and
wrong．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．tolerate
vt．容忍；忍受
词汇拓展
tolerance
n．
宽容
tolerant
adj．
宽容的
用法归纳
(1)tolerate(sb．/sb．'s)doing
sth．容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)be
tolerant
of/towards．．．对……容忍
温馨提示
表示“容忍；忍受……”的表达还有：
①stand(sb．/sb．'s)doing
sth．忍受/容忍(某人)做某事
②bear
sb．doing/to
do
sth．忍受/容忍某人做某事
③put
up
with忍受；容忍
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①The
government
can't
tolerate
anyone's
__destroying__
(destroy)
cultural
relics．
②If
neighbors
want
to
get
along
well
with
each
other,
they
have
to
show
their
__tolerance__
(tolerate)．
提能—单句写作。
③(广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件非常艰苦难以忍受。
In
some
experts'
opinion,
living
conditions
on
the
Mars
__are
very
hard
to
tolerate__．
2．lack
vi．&
vt．
缺乏；没有　n．缺乏；不足
词汇拓展
lacking
adj．短缺的；缺乏的
用法归纳
(1)lack
(for)．．．
缺乏……
lack
for
nothing
什么也不缺
(2)(a)
lack
of．．．缺乏……
for/through
lack
of．．．因缺乏……
(have/there
is)
no
lack
of．．．不缺少……
(3)be
lacking
in．．．缺乏……
温馨提示
lack虽可作及物动词用，但不用于被动语态；lack作不及物动词用时，常与介词for连用；lack作名词用时，常与介词of连用；形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Though
__lacking__(lack)
money,
his
parents
managed
to
send
him
to
a
university．
②__Lacking__(lack)
such
experience
will
constantly
trouble
you
in
your
business．
③More
and
more
high-rise
buildings
have
been
built
in
big
cities
for
lack
__of__
space．
④Although
she
is
rich
in
knowledge,
she
is
lacking
__in__
practical
experience．
提能—一句多译。
他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失败了。
⑤__He
lacked
the
skill
to
communicate
with
others__，so
he
failed
in
the
competition．
(lack
vt．)
⑥__He
was
lacking
in
the
skill
to
communicate
with
others__，so
he
failed
in
the
competition．(lacking
in)
⑦__Lacking
the
skill
to
communicate
with
others__，he
failed
in
the
competition．(分词作状语)
⑧__For
lack
of
the
skill
to
communicate
with
others__，he
failed
in
the
competition．(介词短语)
3．press
vi．&
vt．
按；压；逼迫
n．按；压；印刷；新闻界
词汇拓展
pressure
n．
压(力)；压强；强制
用法归纳
(1)press．．．against/to．．．把……压/挤/贴在……
press
sb．
to
do
sth．极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
(2)under
pressure
面临压力；受到压力
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Out
of
curiosity,
the
little
girl
pressed
her
nose
__against__
the
shop
window．
②My
friends
pressed
me
__to
seize__
(seize)
the
opportunity．
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
turns
out
that
just
looking
at
green,
growing
things
can
reduce
stress,
lower
blood
__pressure__
(press),
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood．
提能—熟词生义。
④The
press
is/are
not
allowed
to
attend
the
trial．
__新闻工作者；记者；新闻界__
提能—单句写作。
⑤__No
matter
how
much
pressure
you
are
under__，you
should
never
give
up
halfway．
无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途放弃。
4．instant
n．瞬间；片刻　adj．
立即的；立刻的
归纳拓展
(1)in
an
instant＝instantly
立刻；马上；弹指之间
for
an
instant
一瞬间
(2)
(3)on/upon＋arrive,
reach,
hear,
see等动词相应的名词形式或动名词形式，表示“一……就……”。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He
made
__an__
instant
decision
to
risk
his
own
life
to
save
the
drowning
child．
②__In__
an
instant,
he
took
off
his
coat
and
jumped
into
the
water．
提能—一句多译。
一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。
③__On/Upon
arriving
at__the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
was
left
at
home．(on/upon)
④__The
instant/moment/minute
he
arrived
at__
the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
was
left
at
home．(instant/moment/minute)
⑤__Instantly/Immediately/Directly
he
arrived
at__
the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
was
left
at
home．(instantly/immediately/directly)
5．take
up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据
归纳拓展
take
away带走
take
off脱下；起飞
take
out取出；扣除
take
in吸收；欺骗；理解
take
on雇佣；呈现；承担
take
back拿回；收回
take
it
easy放轻松
take
over接收；接管
take
down写下；记下
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中take
up的含义。
①He
will
take
up
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
civil
courts
at
the
end
of
next
month．__开始从事__
②Are
you
going
to
take
up
the
challenge
of
lasting
a
whole
week
without
arguing？__接受__
③We
tried
to
find
a
table
for
seven,
but
they
were
all
taken
up．__占用__
④She
took
up
the
story
where
Tim
had
left
off．__继续__
提能—用take相关短语的适当形式填空。
⑤Internet
shopping
will
readily
__take
off__
when
people
make
sure
that
it
is
safe．
⑥He
didn't
__take
in__
what
he
read
because
his
mind
was
on
something
else．
⑦Technology
is
here
to
help
us,
but
we
should
not
allow
it
to
__take
over__
our
lives．
⑧In
fact,
non-verbal
communication
__takes
up__
about
50%
of
what
we
really
mean．
⑨If
you
do
not
__take
back__
what
you
said,
I
shall
not
speak
to
you
again．
6．lose
sight
of看不见
归纳拓展
catch
sight
of看到；看见
come
into
sight进入视野；映入眼帘
at
the
sight
of．．．一看见……就……
at
first
sight乍一看
within
sight在视野内
out
of
sight在视野外；在看不见的地方
层级训练
根据语境用sight的相关词语完成下列小片段。
On
their
way
to
the
bus
station,
Li
Ying
and
Zhang
Hua
felt
very
sad．They
still
remembered
the
party．The
moment
Li
Ying
①__caught
sight
of__(看见)
Zhang
Hua,
she
decided
he
was
the
man
she
wanted
to
marry
and
Zhang
Hua
felt
the
same．Clearly,
they
fell
in
love
②__at
first
sight__(乍一看)．But
Li
Ying's
father
expected
her
to
marry
a
rich
man．Li
Ying
had
to
go
home
to
persuade
her
father
to
give
up
the
idea．The
bus
was
③__in/within
sight__(在视野内)．Then
she
got
on
the
bus,
uncertain
about
whether
his
father
would
accept
Zhang
Hua．Zhang
Hua
watched
the
bus
until
it
was
④__out
of
sight__(看不见),
feeling
rather
helpless
and
hopeless．
7．speed
up加速；加快
归纳拓展
(1)gather
speed/pick
up
speed加速
(2)at
high/low/full/top
speed以高/低/全/最高速
at
a
speed
of．．．以……速度
at
the
speed
of
light/sound以光/声速
(3)slow
down(＝reduce
speed)减速
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①If
we
should
throw
the
ball
at
__a__
speed
of
about
five
miles
a
second,
it
wouldn't
fall
back
to
the
ground．
②Distances
were
not
a
problem,
since
radio
waves
could
travel
globally
at
__the__
speed
of
light．
③Modern
inventions
have
speeded
__up__
people's
lives
in
some
aspects
amazingly．
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)The
glowing
plants
in
the
future
will
speed__up
energy
production．
提能—熟词生义。
⑤Drivers
who
are
caught
speeding
risk
a
heavy
fine．__超速驾驶__
提能—单句写作。
⑥We
all
need
to
__speed
up
to
accomplish
our
task__
ahead
of
time．
我们都需要加快速度以争取提前完成任务。
8．Hit
by
a
lack
of
fresh
air，my
head
ached．
由于缺乏新鲜的空气，我头痛。
本句的画线部分为过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because
my
head
was
hit
by
a
lack
of
fresh
air。
归纳拓展
过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，一般表示被动或完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语一般为被动或完成关系。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①If
__given__(give)
the
same
treatment,
the
patient
is
sure
to
get
well．
②Generally
speaking,
when
__taken__(take)
according
to
the
directions,
the
drug
has
no
side
effect．
③After
his
journey
from
abroad,
Richard
Jones
returned
home,
__exhausted__(exhaust)．
④__Located__(locate)
in
the
central
district,
the
Xi'an
Hotel
offers
the
best
service
with
the
lowest
price．
⑤__Offered__(offer)
an
important
role
in
a
new
movie,
Andy
has
got
a
chance
to
become
famous．
⑥__Given__(give)
the
right
kind
of
training,
these
teenage
soccer
players
may
one
day
grow
into
international
stars．
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)__Shown__
(show)
this
Sunday
afternoon,
the
film
will
last
two
hours．
提能—一句多译。
从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。
⑧__When
it
is
seen
from__
the
top
of
the
high
building,
the
park
looks
even
more
beautiful．
(时间状语从句)
⑨__Seen
from__
the
top
of
the
high
building,
the
park
looks
even
more
beautiful．(分词作状语)
⑩__Seeing
from__
the
top
of
the
high
building,
I
find
the
park
even
more
beautiful．(分词作状语)
9．Exhausted，I
slid
into
bed
and
fell
fast
asleep．
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
Exhausted用作状语。
用法归纳
形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
注意事项
形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①To
our
relief,
the
missing
child
returned
home
ten
days
later,
tired
but
__healthy__
(health)．
②__Surprised__
(surprise)
and
happy,
he
stood
up
and
accepted
the
prize．
③The
boy
lay
on
the
sofa,
__relaxed__
(relax)．
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)__Luckily__
(luck),
I
met
a
very
good
teacher,
who
encouraged
me
to
take
some
math
classes,
business
classes
and
history
classes．
提能—句式升级。
⑤(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I
am
worried
about
making
mistakes,
so
I'm
writing
to
bother
you
to
correct
the
words
and
format
in
the
material
I
attach
to
the
letter．
→__Worried
about
making
mistakes__，I'm
writing
to
bother
you
to
correct
the
words
and
format
in
the
material
I
attach
to
the
letter．(形容词作状语)
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．My
good
performance
in
the
job
interview
left
me
optimistic
__about__
my
future
and
about
what
I
can
do
here．
解析：句意：我在工作面试中的好表现让我对未来和自己在这里能做的很乐观。
2．With
online
shopping
increasingly
popular,
the
Internet
is
seen
as
an
__efficient__(efficiency)
way
of
reaching
target
customers．
解析：efficient“有效的”。根据语境中的increasingly
popular可知，网购是一种有效的方式，故填efficient。句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，网络被认为是一种有效的吸引目标顾客的方式。
3．I
think
__what__
impresses
me
about
his
painting
is
the
colours
he
uses．
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我认为关于他的绘画让我印象深刻的是他使用的颜色。impresses缺少主语，故用what引导名词性从句。
4．Her
__motivation__
(motivate)
for
writing
was
a
desire
for
women
to
get
the
right
to
higher
education．
解析：句意：她写作的动力是渴望妇女获得更高一点教育的权利。motivation“动机，动力”。
5．Instead
of
blaming
the
child
who
had
broken
the
vase,
she
gave
him
a
__tolerant__(tolerance)
smile
and
let
him
go．
解析：句意：没有责备那个打破花瓶的孩子，她朝他宽容地笑了笑，让他走了。tolerant“宽容的”。
6．__For__
lack
of
human
protection,
the
number
of
Yangtze
Finless
Porpoise
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller．
解析：句意：由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。for
lack
of“因缺乏……”。
7．(北京卷)Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
__spent__(spend)
with
his
students．
解析：考查过去分词作定语。time与spend之间是被动关系。
8．It's
impossible
for
her
to
have
more
free
time
to
accompany
her
parents
because
her
work
takes
__up__
much
of
her
time．
解析：句意：她不可能有更多的空余时间来陪伴她的父母，因为工作占据了她的大部分时间。take
up“拿起，占据(时间或空间)”。
9．What
was
so
__impressive__(impress)
about
Jasmine
Westland's
victory
was
that
she
came
first
in
the
marathon
bare-footed．
解析：句意：Jasmine
Westland打动人的地方是她赤脚在马拉松比赛中得了第一名。impressive“打动人的，有感染力的”。
10．Briggs
will
take
__over__
as
general
manager
when
Mitchell
retires．
解析：句意：Mitchell退休后，Briggs将会接管当总经理。take
over“接管”。
11．(江苏卷)In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
world
Food
Programme,
one
of
__whose__
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation．
解析：考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，目的之一是减轻世界范围的饥饿问题。
12．Making
__a__
good
impression
on
the
interviewers
is
of
vital
__importance__(important)．
解析：句意：给面试官留下好的印象是极其重要的。固定搭配leave/make
a
good
impression
on
sb．＝leave/make
sb．a
good
impression，故第一空应填入a。be
of
importance
＝be
important。
13．It
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
__what__life
was
like
for
slaves
in
the
ancient
world．
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：对我们来说，想像奴隶们在古代的生活是什么样子是很难的。空格处引导宾语从句，从句中be
like后缺少宾语，故用what引导。
14．__Left__(leave)
at
home
reading
all
day,
the
boy
felt
very
lonely
and
wished
to
go
out
to
play
with
his
friends．
解析：考查非谓语动词。leave在这里表示“留下”，与主语the
boy之间构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作状语。
15．(江苏卷)We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
__what__
it
used
to
charge．
解析：句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们以前要价的一半。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作charge的宾语。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Deeply
impressed
on
its
beauty,
I
fell
in
love
with
Guilin．
__on→by__
2．It
took
me
a
few
weeks
to
get
used
to
my
new
surrounding．
__surrounding→surroundings__
3．The
school
cannot
tolerate
cheat
in
exams．
__cheat→cheating__
4．As
soon
as
she
entered
her
own
room,
she
caught
sight
the
gift
bought
by
her
father．
__sight后加of__
5．Although
the
lady
looks
elegant,
actually
she
is
hard
to
get
along．
__along后加with__
6．The
train
picked
speed
and
soon
disappeared
out
of
sight．
__pick后加up__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．因为缺乏勇气，他们在中途放弃了。(分词作状语；lack)
__Lacking
courage，they
gave
up
halfway．__
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)被绿树环绕的农场坐落在我们学校附近的山脚下。(surround)
__Surrounded
by
green
trees，the
farm
is
located
at
the
foot
of
the
hill
near
our
school．__
3．她时常向我抱怨，那里的工作条件让人难以忍受。(be＋adj．＋to
do；tolerate)
__She
complained
to
me
constantly
that
the
working
conditions
there
were
hard
to
tolerate．__
4．安妮溜进那个带家具的房间，却没有找到那本小说集。(slide
into；collection)
__Anne
slid
into
the
furnished
room，but
didn't
find
that
collection
of
novels．__
5．又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人服务员迅速过来招待他。(形容词作状语)
__Tired
and
thirsty，he
went
into
a
tea-house
and
a
robot
waiter
quickly
came
up
to
serve
him．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
At
first
my
new
surroundings
were
difficult
__1．to
tolerate__
(tolerate)．The
air
seemed
thin,
as
though
its
combination
of
gases
had
little
oxygen
left．Hit
by
__2．a__
lack
of
fresh
air,
my
head
ached．Just
as
I
tried
to
make
the
necessary
__3．adjustment__
(adjust)
to
this
new
situation,
Wang
Ping
appeared．“Put
on
this
mask，”
he
advised．“It'll
make
you
feel
much
better．”
He
handed
__4．it__
to
me
and
immediately
hurried
me
through
to
a
small
room
nearby
for
a
rest．I
felt
__5．better__(good)
in
no
time．Soon
I
was
back
__6．on__
my
feet
again
and
following
him
to
collect
a
hovering
carriage
__7．driven__(drive)
by
computer．These
carriages
float
__8．above__
the
ground
and
by
bending
or
pressing
down
in
your
seat,
you
can
move
swiftly．Wang
Ping
fastened
my
safety
belt
__9．and__
showed
me
how
to
use
it．Soon
I
could
fly
as
fast
as
__10．him__(he)．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设某英文报社向中学生征文，题目是“The
House
in
the
Future”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。①如何智能化；②怎样服务于人。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①随着科技的发展，将来的房子在许多方面不仅智能而且贴心。
__With
the
development
of
science
and
technology__，the
house
in
the
future
will
be
smart
and
caring
__in
many
aspects__．
②未来的房子由电脑控制，了解主人的好恶，并能和主人交流。(分词作状语)
__Controlled
by
computers__，the
future
house
will
learn
about
the
master's
likes
and
dislikes
and
communicate
with
him．
③它会发信息告诉主人缺乏日用品。
It
will
send
the
master
messages
to
inform
its
master
__there
is
a
lack
of
daily
goods
__．
④房子一意识到主人疲惫不堪，就会调节自身使环境更舒适。
__The
instant/Instantly
it
senses
its
master
is
exhausted，the
house
can
adjust
itself
to
make
the
surroundings
comfortable．__
⑤太阳能充电系统将回收利用水并把废物变为燃料，这对环境极为有利。
A
solar
powered
system
will
__recycle
water
and
turn
waste
into
fuel__．
This
is
__of
great
benefit
to__
the
environment．
⑥毫无疑问，未来的房子会给我们提供各种便利。
__There
is
no
doubt
that
the
house
in
the
future
will
offer
every
convenience
to
us．__
?升级平淡句
利用非限制性定语从句升级句⑤
__A
solar
powered
system
will
recycle
water
and
turn
waste
into
fuel，which
is
of
great
benefit
to
the
environment．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：besides，in
addition，for
example，in
conclusion，to
begin
with等)
The
House
in
the
Future
__With
the
development
of
science
and
technology,
the
house
in
the
future
will
be
smart
and
caring
in
many
aspects．
To
begin
with,
controlled
by
computers,
the
future
house
will
learn
about
the
master's
likes
and
dislikes
and
communicate
with
him．
For
example，it
will
send
the
master
messages
to
inform
its
master
there
is
a
lack
of
daily
goods．
Besides,
the
instant/instantly
it
senses
its
master
is
exhausted,
the
house
can
adjust
itself
to
make
the
surroundings
comfortable．
In
addition，a
solar
powered
system
will
recycle
water
and
turn
waste
into
fuel，which
is
of
great
benefit
to
the
environment．
In
conclusion,
there
is
no
doubt
that
the
house
in
the
future
will
offer
every
convenience
to
us．__
PAGEUnit
2　The
United
Kingdom
必备知识·盘点夯基
BI
BEI
ZHI
SHI
PAN
DIAN
HANG
JI
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
写准记牢
语境运用
核心单词
1．__clarify__
vt．澄清；阐明2．__conflict__n．矛盾；冲突3．__unwilling__adj．不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)4．__enjoyable__adj．令人愉快的；使人高兴的5．__possibility__n．可能(性)6．__quarrel__n．争吵；争论；吵架vi．争吵；吵架7．__sightseeing__n．观光；游览8．__accomplish__vt．完成；达到；实现9．__countryside__n．乡下；农村10．__alike__
adj．相同的；类似的11．__uniform__n．制服12．__fold__vt．折叠；对折
1．We
should
settle
__conflicts__
(冲突)
in
a
peaceful
way;
thus
friendship
comes
into
being．2．We
spent
the
days
__sightseeing__
(观光)
and
the
evenings
sitting
in
the
bars
drinking
the
local
wine．
3．This
is
a
good
chance
to
go
abroad,
so
she
is
__unwilling__(willing)
to
give
it
up．4．__Having
quarrelled__
(quarrel)
with
his
wife
about
who
should
wash
the
dishes,
he
felt
very
upset．5．I
think
this
was
perhaps
the
most
__enjoyable__
(enjoy)
occasion
we
have
ever
had
at
the
White
House．
6．Mr．
Yang
looked
at
the
students
at
the
back
of
the
classroom,
with
his
arms
__folded__
(fold)
across
the
chest．
7．Is
there
any
__possibility__
(possible)
that
you
can
defeat
him
in
the
next
game?
拓展单词
1．__unite__
vi．&
vt．联合；团结→__united__adj．团结的；联合的→__union__n．联合；联盟；结合；协会2．__convenience__n．便利；方便→__convenient__adj．方便的3．__description__n．描写；描述→__describe__vt．描述；形容；描绘4．__attract__vt．吸引；引起注意→__attraction__n．吸引，吸引力→__attractive__adj．有吸引力的5．__arrange__vt．筹备；安排；整理→__arrangement__n．布置；整理6．__delight__n．
快乐；高兴；喜悦vt．使高兴；使欣喜→__delighted__adj．高兴的；快乐的→__delightful__adj．令人高兴的7．__collection__n．收藏品；珍藏；收集→__collect__vt．收集8．__furnished__adj．配备好装备的；带家具的→__furnish__vt．装饰；布置→__furniture__n．家具，设备
1．It's
very
__convenient__
for
me
to
ring
you
up．
There
is
a
__convenience__
store
near
my
home．
(convenient)
2．He
__described__
the
robbery
in
detail
to
the
policeman
and
his
__description__
was
very
valuable—the
police
caught
the
robber
in
a
short
time．
(describe)
3．What
__attracts__
me
most
in
Beijing
is
that
there
are
many
__attractions__
,
like
the
Great
Wall,
the
Summer
Palace
and
so
on．
They
are
so
__attractive__
as
to
__attract__
eyes
from
every
corner
of
the
world．
(attract)
4．Our
department
will
be
in
charge
of
__arranging__
the
conference．
Would
you
please
give
us
some
suggestions
on
the
__
arrangement__
for
it?
(arrange)5．Two
days
later,
to
my
teacher's
__delight__，I
was
__delighted__
to
hand
in
all
of
my
work
on
time．
(delight)
联想积累：
1．仅“一字母之差”的单词
①statue
雕像→status身份
②affect
影响→effect
影响；效果
③adapt适应→adopt
收养
④sweat汗水→sweet甜的
⑤content
内容→context
语境；上下文
⑥march
前进→match
比赛
⑦expand扩张→expend花费
2．前缀a-高频表语形容词大全
①alike
相同的；类似的
②asleep
睡着的
③alive
活的；有活力的
④awake
醒着的
⑤afraid
害怕的
⑥ashamed
羞愧的
3．名词后缀-ing集锦
①sightseeing
观光；游览
②shoemaking
制鞋；修补皮鞋
③fishing
钓鱼；捕鱼
④advertising
广告；广告宣传
⑤accounting
会计学
⑥banking
银行业；银行业务
⑦drawing
素描画；绘画
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
写准记牢
语境运用
1．__consist
of__
由……组成
2．__divide．．．into__
把……分成
3．__break
away
(from)__
挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．__to
one's
credit
__为……带来荣誉；值得
赞扬；在……名下
5．__leave
out__
省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．__take
the
place
of__代替
7．__break
down__(机器)损坏；破坏
8．__refer
to__谈到，说到；参考；涉及
9．__make
a
list
of__把……列出清单
10．__on
show__
展览
11．__in
memory
of__
为了纪念
12．__break
out__
爆发
语境运用
1．The
Queen's
Guard
is
made
up
of
a
group
of
soldiers,
who
__are
divided
into__
two
groups．
2．Robert
__broke
away
from__
the
gang
a
year
ago,
so
he
had
nothing
to
do
with
the
attack．
3．It
was
greatly
__to
his
credit__
that
the
high
school
teacher
sent
the
elderly
man
back
home
on
foot．
4．The
most
important
words
in
this
sentence
have
been
__
left
out__
,
so
it
doesn't
make
any
sense．
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)The
glowing
plants
in
the
future
could
take
the
place
of
power
plants．
6．The
bus
I
took
__
broke
down__
on
the
way
this
morning．This
is
why
I
was
late
for
work．
7．It
was
foolish
of
you
to
__
refer
to__
your
notes
in
such
an
important
test．
As
a
result,
you
got
punished．
8．He
set
up
a
monument
__
in
memory
of__
her
great
contributions
to
the
development
of
our
country．
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
背会原句
知晓考点
我会仿用
1．Worried
about
the
time
available,
Zhang
Pingyu
had
made
a
list
of
the
sites
she
wanted
to
see
in
London．由于担心时间不够，张苹玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。
worried
about．．．为过去分词短语作原因状语。
1．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)由于忙于许多重要的事情，这周末我不能和你一起去书店了。__Occupied
in
many
important
things__，I
can't
go
to
the
bookstore
this
weekend
with
you．
2．It
looked
splendid
when
first
built!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
when
first
built是when
it
was
first
built的省略形式。
2．(2020·北京卷书面表达)在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。__While
picking
waterlemons
on
the
farm__，I
realized
the
real
meaning
of
labour．
3．It
seemed
strange
that
the
man
who
had
developed
communism
should
have
lived
and
died
in
London．这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
It
seemed
strange
that．．．“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，
should
have
done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。
3．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然那么忙。It
seems
strange
that
I
__should
be
so
busy__
this
weekend．
4．What
interested
her
most
was
the
longitude
line．她最感兴趣的是那条(通过天文台的)经线。
what引导主语从句。
4．(全国卷Ⅲ)使我最担心的是两周后要进行的期末考试。__What
worries
me
most__
is
my
final
exam
which
will
be
held
two
weeks
later．
核心素养·精讲层练
HE
XIN
SU
YANG
JING
JIANG
CENG
LIAN
1．convenience
n．便利；方便
词汇拓展
convenient
adj．方便的；便利的；适宜的
inconvenience
n．不方便；不便
inconvenient
adj．
不方便的
用法归纳
(1)for
convenience为了方便起见
at
one's
convenience
在某人方便的时候
if
it
suits
one's
convenience如果某人方便
(2)It
is
convenient
for
sb．to
do
sth．某人方便做某事
温馨提示
convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when
it
is
convenient
for/to
you，而不是when
you
are
convenient。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·浙江6月卷写作)If
you
are
interested,
please
send
an
application
email
at
your
earliest
__convenience__
(convenient)．
②(2019·江苏卷)To
enjoy
the
__convenience__
(convenient)
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones．
③It
isn't
convenient
__to
talk__
(talk)
at
the
moment;
I'm
in
the
middle
of
a
meeting．
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)__If
it
is
convenient
for
you__，let's
meet
at
8∶30
a．m．
outside
the
school
gate．
如果你方便的话，我们上午8∶30在学校门口外面见面。
2．attract
vt．吸引；引起注意
词汇拓展
attraction
n．有趣的东西；吸引人之物
attractive
adj．有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的
用法归纳
(1)attract
one's
attention/mind吸引某人的注意力
attract．．．to．．．把……吸引到……
(2)have
no
attraction
for
sb．对某人没有吸引力
tourist
attractions风景名胜
巧学助记
一言串记attract
I'm
attracted
to
her,
but
I
have
no
attraction
for
her;
that
means
she
doesn't
find
me
attractive
at
all．
我被她吸引，但是我对她没有吸引力，这意味着她根本不觉得我是有吸引力的。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①TV
shopping
is
__attractive__(attract)
because
you
can
buy
things
easily
without
going
out．
②__To
attract__(attract)
more
visitors,
the
Beijing
Garden
Expo
Park
gives
roses
to
visiting
couples．
③(全国卷Ⅰ)But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
__attraction__(attract)．
④The
company
is
starting
a
new
advertising
campaign
to
attract
new
customers
__to__
its
stores．
⑤The
Tower
of
London
is
one
of
the
most
popular
tourist
__attractions__(attract)
in
London．
提能—一句多译。
吸引人们到西湖的是它的自然美景和丰富的文化底蕴。
⑥__What
attracts
people
to
the
West
Lake__
is
its
beautiful
scenery
and
rich
culture．
⑦It
is
its
beautiful
scenery
and
rich
culture
__that
attract
people
to
the
West
Lake__．(强调句型)
3．arrange
vt．筹备；安排；整理
词汇拓展
arrangement
n．安排；筹备
用法归纳
(1)arrange
sth．
for
sb．为某人安排某事
arrange
to
do
sth．安排做某事
arrange
for．．．to
do
sth．安排……做某事
arrange
that．．．商定……；安排……
(2)make
arrangements/an
arrangement
for．．．为……安排好
名师点津
(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange
for
sb．
to
do
sth．而不用arrange
sb．
to
do
sth；
(2)make
arrangements
for中的arrangement
常用复数形式。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2020·新高考卷语法填空)Most
museums
also
welcome
school
groups
and
arrange
special
activities
__for__
children．
②If
you
are
interested,
please
sign
up
at
the
office
before
5∶00
p．m．
next
Thursday
so
that
we
will
make
necessary
__arrangements__
(arrange)．
夯基—单句改错。
③I
have
arranged
Tom
to
pick
up
the
experts
at
the
airport．
__arranged后加for__
提能—单句写作。
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)__We
have
arranged
that
the
short
film
will
be
on
show__
from
16∶00
to
17∶30
at
our
school
theatre
tomorrow．
我们已经安排好这部短篇电影将于明天下午四点到五点半在我们学校剧院放映。
4．delight
n．快乐；高兴；喜悦　vt．(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
词汇拓展
delighted
adj．高兴的；快乐的
delightful
adj．令人愉快的；宜人的
用法归纳
(1)delight
sb．
with
sth．用某物使某人高兴
(2)take
(great)
delight
in．．．以……为乐
to
one's
delight使某人高兴的是
(3)be
delighted
at/by
sth．为某事而高兴
be
delighted
to
do
sth．为做某事而高兴
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·天津卷书面表达)We're
more
than
__delighted__
(delight)
to
know
that
you
will
give
us
a
lecture
about
western
art
during
the
coming
summer
holiday．
②What
__delighted__
(delight)
me
was
that
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony．
提能—一句多译。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我非常高兴有机会告诉你有关中国文化和餐桌礼仪的一些事情。
③→__What
delights
me__
is
that
I
have
a
good
chance
to
tell
you
something
about
Chinese
culture
and
table
manners．(delight
vt．)
④→__I'm
more
than
delighted__
to
have
a
good
chance
to
tell
you
something
about
Chinese
culture
and
table
manners．
(delighted
adj．)
⑤→__Much
to
my
delight__，I
have
a
good
chance
to
tell
you
something
about
Chinese
culture
and
table
manners．(delight
n．)
5．consist
of．．．由……组成
归纳拓展
be
made
up
of．．．由……组成
consist
in＝lie
in存在于；在于
consist
with．．．与……一致/相符
名师点津
consist
of不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
层级训练
夯基—单句语法填空/同义句转换。
①The
company
__consisting__
(consist)
of
15
small
factories
is
facing
a
serious
financial
crisis．
②As
far
as
I
know,
the
club
consists
__of__
eighteen
members．
→As
fas
as
I
know,
the
club
__is
made
up
of__
eighteen
members．
→As
far
as
I
know,
eighteen
members
__make
up__
the
club．
提能—一句多译。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。
③The
short
film,
__consisting
of/made
up
of
two
parts__
,
introduces
the
present
situation
of
our
school．(分词作定语)
④The
short
film,
__which
consists
of/is
made
up
of
two
parts__，introduces
the
present
situation
of
our
school．(定语从句)
6．break
down(机器)损坏；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败；破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉
归纳拓展
break
in
打断(谈话)；插嘴
break
into
闯入
break
through
突破；穿透
break
off
打断；折断；中断
break
out
(战争、火灾等)爆发
break
up
分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂
break
away
from
脱离(政党)；打破(陈规、陋习)
巧学助记
层级训练
夯基—写出下列句中break
down的含义。
①The
peace
talks
broke
down
with
no
agreement
reached．
__(谈判)失败__
②Your
health
will
break
down
if
you
always
stay
up
late．
__(身体)垮掉__
③It
was
bad
luck
that
my
car
broke
down
on
the
way
to
Beijing．
__出故障__
④(2018·北京卷)Bertocchini
agrees
and
hopes
her
team's
findings
might
one
day
help
employ
the
enzyme
to
break
down
plastics
in
landfills．
__(化学)分解__
提能—句式升级
⑤The
elevator
didn't
work
and
we
had
to
walk
up
to
the
tenth
floor．
→The
elevator
__broke
down__
and
we
had
to
walk
up
to
the
tenth
floor．
7．It
seemed
strange
that
the
man
who
had
developed
communism
should
have
lived
and
died
in
London．
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
句中“It
seemed
strange
that．．．”意为“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，that从句中的should意为“竟然”，should
have
done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。
归纳拓展
(1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj．＋that．．．好像……，似乎……
(2)should常用于主语从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”。常用句式有：It
is
important/necessary/natural/strange
that．．．；It
is
a
pity/a
shame
that．．．等。
层级训练
夯基—补全句子/单句语法填空。
①It
is
strange
that
Wang
Hengyi,
a
three-year-old
boy
__should
have
mastered
so
many
Chinese
characters__
(竟然掌握了如此多的汉字)．
②In
my
opinion,
it
is
important
that
we
__(should)
value__
(value)
our
friends
instead
of
phones
in
our
real
life．
提能—单句写作。
③__It
is
a
great
pity/shame
that__
the
young
man__should
have
missed__
such
a
golden
opportunity．
真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。
高效演练·素能提升
GAO
XIAO
YAN
LIAN
SU
NENG
TI
SHENG
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It
was
sad
to
me
that
they,
so
poor
themselves,
__should__
bring
me
food．
解析：考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：他们自己那么穷，
给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。
2．For
a
case
like
this,
we'll
arrange
for
a
lawyer
__to
visit__
(visit)
your
neighbor
with
you．
解析：arrange
for
sb．
to
do
sth．“安排某人做某事”。
3．Sam
has
been
appointed
manager
of
the
engineering
department
to
take__the__place
of
George．
解析：考查固定短语。take
the
place
of“代替”。
4．__To__
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony．
解析：to
one's
delight“令某人高兴的是”。
5．The
secretary
arranged
a(n)
__convenient__(convenience)
time
and
place
for
the
applicants
to
have
an
interview．
解析：句意：秘书为求职者们安排了一个方便的时间和地点进行面试。convenient“方便的，便利的”。
6．He
had
to
pause
from
time
to
time
to
wipe
the
sweat
from
his
forehead,
because
the
air-conditioning
system
broke
__down__．
解析：考查动词短语的用法。句意：他不得不时的停下来擦额头上的汗，因为空调坏了。break
down损坏；发生故障；失败。
7．Thousands
of
foreigners
__were
attracted__(attract)
to
the
Shanghai
World
Expo
the
day
it
opened．
解析：句意：在上海世博会开幕的当天，数以千计的外国人被吸引过来。
8．Jane
was
__unwilling__
(willing)
to
admit
she
was
wrong
until
we
presented
all
the
evidence．
解析：根据句意，简不愿意承认她错了，直到我们拿出所有的证据。unwilling“不愿意的”。
9．(2019·浙江卷)Rock
music
consists
__of__
many
different
styles．
解析：句意：摇滚乐由各种不同风格的音乐组成。consist
of
“由……组成”。
10．The
husband
quarreled
__with__
his
wife
about
who
should
do
the
housework
that
night．
解析：quarrel
with
sb．
about
sth．“和某人争吵某事”。
11．In
the
job
interviews,
job
applicants
often
find
themselves
__asked__
(ask)
unexpected
questions,
some
very
difficult
to
answer．
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，ask和themselves是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用asked作find的宾语补足语。
12．I
missed
__the__
meeting．Would
you
please
give
me
__a__
brief
description
about
it?
解析：考查冠词。句意：我错过了会议。你能给我简要描述一下吗？第一空，表示双方都知道的那次会议，表特指概念，因此应用定冠词the；第二空，give
sb．a(brief)
description
about/of
sth．意为“向某人(简要)描述某事”，为固定短语，因此应用不定冠词a。
13．__Lost__
(lose)
in
the
forest,
we
had
to
remain
where
we
were,
waiting
for
help．
解析：句意：在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待救援。过去分词短语作原因状语。
14．__Having
been
divided__(divide)
into
six
groups,
the
students
began
to
discuss
the
topic
left
over
last
time．
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：学生被分为六个组之后就开始讨论上次留下的话题了。divide与其逻辑主语the
students之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系且divide在句子谓语动词began之前发生，故用divide的现在分词被动形式作时间状语。
15．Only
teachers
are
permitted
to
enter
the
reading-room;
that
is
to
say,
the
reading-room
is
only
__accessible__(access)
to
teachers．
解析：句意：只有老师被允许进入阅览室，也就是说，阅览室是专供老师们用的。be
accessible
to
sb．“对于某人来说可以进入或使用的”。
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Will
you
be
convenient
to
chat
with
me
on
the
Internet
tonight?
__you→it__
2．I
can't
tell
you
how
delight
I
was
when
I
received
the
beautiful
birthday
present
you
gave
me．
__delight→delighted__
3．I
have
arranged
him
to
meet
you
at
the
hall
on
the
first
floor．
__arranged后加for__
4．There
is
no
possibility
he
will
be
defeated
in
the
game．
__possibility后加that__
5．Rough
speaking,
there
are
three
possible
ways
to
handle
the
problem．
__Rough→Roughly__
6．Computers
can
not
take
place
of
human
brains，and
nor
can
other
machines．
__take后加the__
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．让我高兴的是，我被邀请到你们学校发表演讲。
(what主语从句；delight)
__What
delights
me
is
that
I
have
been
invited
to
your
school
to
deliver
a
speech．__
2．如果方便，请阐明你在这个问题上的立场。(clarify；convenient)
__If
it
is
convenient
for/to
you，please
clarify
your
position
on
this
problem．__
3．当他第一次向那家杂志投稿时，他有点紧张。(状语从句的省略；contribute)
__When
contributing
to
the
magazine
for
the
first
time，he
was
a
little
nervous．__
4．有可能他们还没安排好何时见面。(possibility；arrange)
__There
is
some
possibility
that
they
haven't
arranged
when
to
meet．__
5．遗憾的是，我没能用和平的方式处理他们的冲突。
(pity；handle；conflict)
__It
is
a
pity
that
I
haven't
handled
their
conflict
in
a
peaceful
way．__
Ⅳ．语篇填空
The
United
Kingdom
__1．consists__
(consist)
of
England,
Wales,
Scotland
and
Northern
Ireland．
England
is
the
largest
and
for
__2．convenience__
(convenient)
it
is
divided
roughly
into
three
zones．
London
is
the
centre
of
national
government
and
its
administration,
with
its
fine
museums,
art
collections
__3．and__
the
oldest
port．
Why
did
only
Northern
Ireland
join
England?
In
the
early
twentieth
century
English
government
tried
to
form
the
United
Kingdom
by
getting
Ireland
__4．connected__
(connect)
without
conflict．
However,
the
southern
part
of
Ireland
was
unwilling
and
broke
away
__5．to
form__(form)
its
own
government．
To
their
credit,
the
countries
do
work
together
in
the
currency,
international
relations
and
so
on,
but
they
still
have
very
different
__6．institutions__(institution)．
It
is
__7．a__
pity
that
in
England
the
__8．industrial__
(industry)
cities
do
not
attract
visitors．
People
can
go
to
the
older
but
smaller
towns
__9．built__
(build)
by
the
Romans
for
historical
architecture
and
to
the
countryside
__10．for__
great
scenery
as
well．
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你校的外教Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文回信，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：①简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家花园，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；②如有需要，愿意陪同前往。
?补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①很高兴得知你要去北京进行一次短途旅行，我想向你推荐颐和园。
__Delighted
to
hear
that
you
are
taking
a
short
trip
to
Beijing__
,
I'd
like
to
recommend
the
Summer
Palace
to
you．
②颐和园是中国现存的最完整的皇家花园。
It
is
the
most
complete
imperial
garden
__that
exists
in
China__．
③颐和园是一个著名的旅游胜地，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥和许多其他迷人的自然风景。
__It
is
a
famous
tourist
attraction
__，which
__consists
of__
Kunming
Lake，Wanshou
Hill，the
17-Arch
Bridge
and
many
other
attractive
natural
views．
④漫步在园中，你也许会奇怪古代中国人竟然能建造如此壮观的建筑物。
When
you
wander
around
it，__it
may
seem
strange
to
you
that
the
ancient
Chinese
should
have
built
such
splendid
buildings__．
⑤列出你想看的地方的清单，你就不会遗漏任何景点。
(分词作宾补)
__Make
a
list
of
what
you
want
to
see__，and
you
will
not
__have
any
attractions
left
out__．
⑥参观颐和园时，留心看，以使你的旅行愉快。
While
you
are
visiting
the
palace，__keep
your
eyes
open
to
make
your
trip
enjoyable__．
⑦如有需要，我愿意陪同前往，在途中向你详细介绍颐和园。
If
necessary，__I'm
willing
to
accompany
you
there
and
give
you
a
detailed
description
of
it__
during
your
trip．
?升级平淡句
1．利用名词短语作同位语合并句①和句②
__Delighted
to
hear
that
you
are
taking
a
short
trip
to
Beijing，I'd
like
to
recommend
the
Summer
Palace
to
you，the
most
complete
imperial
garden
that
exists
in
China．
__
2．利用状语从句的省略形式升级句⑥
__While
visiting
the
palace，keep
your
eyes
open
to
make
your
trip
enjoyable．__
?衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：finally，honestly
speaking等)
__Dear
Lucy，__
__Delighted
to
hear
that
you
are
taking
a
short
trip
to
Beijing,
I'd
like
to
recommend
the
Summer
Palace
to
you，the
most
complete
imperial
garden
that
exists
in
China．
It
is
a
famous
tourist
attraction,
which
consists
of
Kunming
Lake,
Wanshou
Hill,
the
17-Arch
Bridge
and
many
other
attractive
natural
views．
Honestly
speaking,
when
you
wander
around
it，it
may
seem
strange
to
you
that
the
ancient
Chinese
should
have
built
such
splendid
buildings．
Make
a
list
of
what
you
want
to
see，and
you
will
not
have
any
attractions
left
out．
Finally,
while
visiting
the
palace,
keep
your
eyes
open
to
make
your
trip
enjoyable．
If
necessary,
I'm
willing
to
accompany
you
there
and
give
you
a
detailed
description
of
it
during
your
trip．__
__Yours，__
__Li
Hua__
PAGE