中考复习-名词(42张幻灯片)

(共42张PPT)
中考复习
--名词
考纲要求
名词是中考考查的重点项目之一，考查的题型很多，有单项填空、完形填空等，其中名词的单复数和所有格是中考的热点。
年份 考点 题型 分值
2011 词义辨析(rules) 单项填空(26) 1
词义辨析(noise, answer) 完形填空(48,51) 2
词语的用法(July, window,
grass/ground) 看图短文填空
(71,72,77) 4.5
2010 词义辨析和名词单复数(sizes) 单项填空(26) 1
词义辨析(promise) 完形填空(46) 1
词语的用法(park, friends/persons/
people, hand) 看图短文填空
(71,76,78) 4.5
2009－2011 年广东省卷考点一览表
2009 词义辨析(lemonade) 单项填空(44) 1
词义辨析(parents) 完形填空(53) 1
词语的用法(computer/PC,
winter, newspapers) 看图短文填空
(71,74,76) 4.5
中考考什么？
考点1：可数名词单数变复数
考点２：不可数名词
考点３：名词所有格
（一）课前测评《总复习》P68
写出下列名词的复数形式
1. minute _______ goose_______half_______
classmate__________ mirror_______
2. glass _______ cup _______ family _______
match _______ wife _______
3. park _______ factory _______ potato _______ thief _______ photo________
minutes
geese
halves
classmates
mirrors
glasses
cups
families
matches
wives
parks
factories
potatoes
thieves
photos
考点1：可数名词单数变复数
4. baby _______ watch _______ hero _______ key _______ party _______
5. knife _______ brush _______ leaf _______ piano _______ mouth _______
6. man _______ woman _______ box _______ life _______ people _______
7. sheep _______ deer _______ child _______ foot _______ tooth _______
babies
watches
heroes
knives
brushes
leaves
pianos
mouths
men
women
boxes
lives
people
sheep
deer
children
feet
teeth
keys
parties
考点1扫描：名词单数变复数的规则变化
1. 一般直接加s
2. “辅+y” 结尾的，变y 为i 再加es
3. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词，加es
4. 以o 结尾的，无生命的加s，有生命的加es。
5. 以f / fe结尾的，变f / fe 为v 再加 es
photo-photos potato-potatoes
roofs, chiefs(除外）
baby—babies city—cities
box-boxes watch-watches
wife-wives
knife-knives
P71 南粤中考1, 3,5
1. (2011广东)- I hear you run for half an hour every day.
--Right, we have to. It is one of the ____ in our school.
A. rules B. plans
C. hobbies D. choices
3. ( 2011广东茂名）-This is the first time in their _____to ski on the Apls.
A. life B. lifes C. lives
5. (2010广东) Look! the kites in the sky are in different ___. Some are big and some are small.
A. size B. sizes C. color D. colors
不规则变化：
1．改变字母变复数。如：
man—men
woman—women
foot—feet tooth—teeth
goose—geese
mouse—mice child—children
ox—oxen
2．表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数：
(1)单复数同形：中国人 (Chinese)、日本人 (Japanese)、瑞士人 (Swiss)
（2）英国人和法国人将man改为men
Englishman – Englishmen
Englishwoman – Englishmen
Frenchman- Frenchmen
Frenchwoman – Frenchwomen
(3)其他各国人直接加-s。如：
American(s), German(s), Russian(s), Australian(s), Indian(s), Korean(s)。
Summary
1. 中国人Chinese和日本人Japanese，单复数同形
2. 英国人Englishman和法国人Frenchman，变man为men
3. 其他国家人，加s
P71 南粤中考2，7
2. （2011深圳）--Could you please tell me something about the two ___
-- ______. They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.
A. Frenchmen; Yes, please
B. Frenchmans; Come on
C. Germen; Not at all
D. Germans; All right
1．单复数同形。如：sheep, deer, means（方法，手段）,
fish (鱼)。
2 ．集体名词，
如 police,people, class, family, team, group, 等。
当这类词强调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，
如果强调整个团体，则视为单数概念
特殊的复数形式：
3．复合名词变复数时，变后面的名词。如：
two apple trees, shoe shops,
ten boy students, girl friends,
twin sisters。
(2010广东茂名)—We can see two _____in the picture.
A. apple tree
B. apples trees
C. apple trees
但如果由 man, woman 构成的复合名词变复数
时，则两个都要变。
如：two men teachers, some women doctors。
１. I want two ____, could you give me one more, please
A. apples B. apple C. milk D. orange
2. It is autumn now, ___ are falling down from trees.
A. leaves B. leafs C. leaf D. lives
3. We walk with our ____
A. foot B. feet C. foots D. feets
4. How many____are there in your school
A. Chinese B. Russian
C. American D. Englishman
5. All the ____are made of ___, not plastic.
A. glass, glass B. glasses, glass
C. glasses, glasses D. glass, glasses
6. I like shopping in this coffee shop, because the ___are not only friendly but also handsome.
man waiters B. men waiters
C. men waiter D. man waiter
考点2 不可数名词
（一）课前检测：《总复习》P68
一、将下列名词归类
noodle, chalk, bread, pie, weather, pen, parent, newspaper, water, paper, factory, present, computer, furniture, size, lemonade, friend, person, wood, promise, gold, English
1. 可数名词：
noodle, chalk, pie, pen, parent, newspaper, factory, present, computer, size, friend, person, promise
difficulty, mistake,
2. 不可数名词：
bread, weather, water, paper, furniture, lemonade, wood, gold, English
考点2扫描：
1. 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的，表示某种概念、状态、品质、感情或物质材料的名词
可归纳为：
（1）材料类：paper, wood, cotton, wool, glass, gold, metal等
（2）食物类：food, meat, chicken, beef, fish, pork, sausage
drink, water, milk, juice, tea, orange, coffee,, lemonade, wine, beer, soup, oil ,
bread, rice,, salad,, soda salt, sugar.
ice cream, cheese, fruit,
肉类
液体
粉类
(3)自然类：weather, wind, snow, rain, ice, fog, sunshine, grass, air, fire, smoke, light, noise, universe, earth, sand等
（4）学科，语言：Chinese, English, French, biology, geography, physics, math等
（5）抽象概念：time, work, homework, housework, news, information, advice, fun, progress, knowledge, business等
（6）表示总称： clothing, furniture, fruit, luggage, equipment等.
注意：有些名词的单复数形式的意 义不同
单词 可数 不可数
paper 报纸，试卷，文件 纸
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间
fish 鱼 鱼肉
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
orange 橘子 橘子汁
2. 不可数名词不可以直接用a, an, one, two等来修饰。表示不可数名词的量可以用以下两种方法：
（1）用of短语表示，如：
a piece of paper （一张纸）
two bottles of milk（两瓶牛奶）
three kilos of rice（三公斤大米）
（2）用特定的词或短语表示：
much, little, a little, a lot of / lots of, some, any等..
some money(一些钱), a little water（一点水）
a bit of coffee （一点咖啡）
《总复习》P71 4，6
4. (2011广东清远)—I’m so hungry. Please give me _____ to eat.
A. three bread
B. three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breads
D. three piece of bread
6. （2010）广东深圳—What ____you usually have for breakfast
___________ and a cup of coffee.
A. do; Three bread
B. do; Three pieces of bread
C. are; Three breads
D. are; Three piece of bread
2012年中考预测演练
1. Mr. Green is hungry. Give him＿＿to eat.
A. a bottle of water B . some juice
C. three pieces of bread D. some salt
2. We need to come up with an ___ and make a decision at once.
A. information B. advice C. idea D. news
3. The number of the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____
A. woman teacher B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teachers
√
√
√
4. Yesterday she gave me ___ on learning Chinese.
A. some advices B. an advice
C. many advices D. some advice
5. A few ___ were hurt, but no ___were lost in that accident.
A. person; life B. people; lives
C. peoples; lives D. persons; life
√
√
6. –Is everything ready for the picnic
--We haven’t much ___for our picnic. Will you go and get some
A. apple B. bread C. tomato D. bean
7. It was very hard for me to make a ___, but I decided to leave my job.
A. suggestion B. decision
C. plan D. speech
8. My mother is the busiest in my___. She does a lot of housework every day.
A. school B. library C. family D. park
√
√
√
1. 《中考总复习》 P71 巩固练习
2. 明天听写 P3 易错单词
名词所有格
名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。
1．有生命的名词的所有格：
(1)一般名词的所有格是在词尾加“'s”。如：
Lily's father 莉莉的爸爸
mother's birthday 母亲的生日
Children's Day 儿童节
men's clothes
男式服装
(2)以-s 或-es 结尾的名词，无论单复数，其所有格只需在后
面加“ ’ ”。如：
the doctors' office 医生办公室
the bus' door 公交车的门
(3)表示“两者(或以上)共同所有”时，只需在最后一个名
词后加“'s”；若表示“两者(或以上)各自拥有”时，要在每一个
名词后都加“'s”。如：
Lucy and Lily's room 露西和莉莉的房间(共同所有，只有一
个房间，room 用单数)
Lucy's and Lily's rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间(各自拥
有一个房间，room 用复数)
(4)在表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”或“餐馆”的
名词所有格后面，一般省掉它所修饰的名词。如：
at Mr.White's (house) 在怀特先生家
at the barber's (shop) 在理发店
at the doctor's 在医生的诊所里
the tailor's
裁缝铺
(5)双重所有格：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不
定代词或指示代词(如 a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those
等)时，用“of＋名词所有格”或“of ＋名词性物主代词”来表
示所属关系。如：
a photo of my father's
我父亲的一张照片
some inventions of Edison's
that novel of her brother's
爱迪生的一些发明
她兄弟的那本小说
a friend of mine＝one of my friends 我的一位朋友
some students of John's＝some of John's students
约翰的一些学生
2．一些无生命的名词所有格要用“of”来表示。如：
a map of China 一张中国地图
the foot of the hill 山脚
the end of this term 学期末
the leaves of the tree 树叶
the title of the text 课文的标题
注意：如果名词后有一个较长的定语，尽管名词表示有生
命的东西，也可用 of 表示所属关系。如：
the story of Dr.Smith 史密斯博士的故事
the speech of President Obama
奥巴马总统的演讲
3．表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格要
用“'s”来表示。如：
ten miles' journey 十英里的旅程
a boat's length 一只船的长度
two pounds' weight 两磅的重量
eight days' holiday＝an 8-day holiday 八天的假期
five minutes' walk＝a five-minute walk
步行五分钟的路程
ten dollars' worth 十美元的价值
注意：一些名词表示所属关系时，通常并不使用所有格，
而是借助于某些介词。如：
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to the school 去学校的路
the answer to the question 问题的答案
(
)7.(2010 年广东湛江)—What's the date today
D
—It's March 8th, ________ Day.
A．Woman
B．Women
C．Woman's
D．Women's
解析：复数名词不是以-s 或-es 结尾时，其所有格仍要加's，
Women's Day 妇女节。故选 D。