中考复习定语从句(59张幻灯片）

(共59张PPT)
定语：
用于修饰名词或代词
He is a clever boy.
他是一个聪明的男孩。
He is a physics teacher.
他是一个物理老师。
Australia is an English-speaking country.
澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。
定语从句：
由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
定语从句的位置：
在修饰名词或代词后
先行词：
引导词：
引导定语从句的词
关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as
关系副词 when, where, why
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
引导词的作用： (1) 引导定语从句
(2) 在从句中作一成分
(3) 代替先行词在从句中的 位置
关系代词
apple
the red
the green
the small
the big
The apple which is red is mine.
The apple which is green is yours.
The apple which is red is small.
The apple which is green is big.
指人
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指物
既指人
也指物
who
that
whom
who
that
whose
that
which
that
which
whose
that
that
whose
作表语
that
that
that
关系代词的指代关系
whose指物时, 可以与 of which 调换
关系代词作宾语可省略
引导定语从句关系代词的用法：
1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
2)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious.
3)Let’s ask the man that/who is reading the book over there.
4)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
(主语)
(宾语)
(主语)
(宾语)
指人whom/who/that都可作宾语，whom为最好选择
5)That’s the man whose house was burned down.
(定语)
3. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.
1. The earthquake___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
2. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.
that / which
that / who
which /that
6. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher .
4. A house __________ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.
5. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake .
which / that
who/whom/that
whose
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词
(1)先行词是不定代词all, no, none,everyone, something, much, little等或被不定代词所修饰
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
Note
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
a. This is the first book (that) he has read.
b. She is the most beautiful girl (that) I have ever seen.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
The old car is the only thing (that) he owned.
This is the same book (that) I lent you yesterday.
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
正是
the same…that…同一 the same…as…同样
(4) 先行词中指人又指物
(5) 若主句中有疑问代词which ,what
a. Who is the man that is standing there
b. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
c. what that is on the table belongs to you
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
补充:若主句中有疑问代词who(指人)用that引导
(6) 关系代词在定语从句作表语时
She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the university.
(7)在there be 句型中
There is a book that is on the table.
There is a girl who is my sister.
there be 句型中, 先行词是人, 关系代词用who, 是物用that.
(8)句中有两个定语从句时，第
一个的关系代词已用了who 或
which, 第二个定语从句的关系代词用that.
Our English teacher is the man who is talking with the girl that is in red.
1. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
which → that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
2. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
which → that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
3. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
如果先行词既指人又指物时, 常用that引导定语从句。
that
4. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。
which → that或去掉which。
1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait.
2. The man to _____ I spoke was a foreigner.
3. I know a boy ______ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员)
4. He saw a house _____ windows were all broken.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
who
whom
whose
whose
指人时，一定要用“who”的：
①先行词为 those等不定代词
Anyone who doesn’t study hard will not pass the exam.
②主句为“There be” 句型
There’s a student who is from Beijing.
③人称代词：he, me, we等
He who has never been to the Great Wall is
not a true man.
④非限制性定语从句中用who不用that
Tom’s brother, who lives in London, is an engineer.
Note
⑤ 先行词后有一个较长的句子成分
I met a foreigner in the city last week
who could speak Chinese well.
1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A. that B. what C. who D. whether
2Is there anything else_____you require
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
A
B
B
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.
A. that B.which C. where D. in that
6.This is one of the best books_______.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. that has written
D. that have written
B
A
A
不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中
Last night ,I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时
This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时
I have found that which I was looking for.
7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything__ _ he saw on the way to the Paris.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
8.Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
9.Is there anything_____to you
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. which belongs D. that belong
10.The scientist and his achievements______you told me about are admired by us all.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
11.Which of the books______were borrowed from
him is the best
A. which B. what C. that D. whose
B
A
B
B
C
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句
先行词：物 ---- 介词+which
人 ---- whom
物/人 ---- whose+n
The room in which there is a machine is workshop.
The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher.
This is the boss in whose factory my father works
注意: 1. 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择
①看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)
②先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词
③通过整个句子整体含义来判断
2. whom, which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在which之前, 也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上.
1.Do you know who lives in the building ______there is a well
A. in front of it B. in front of whose
C. in front of which D. in front which
2. The woman _____ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
who B. to whom
C. to who D whom
3. His glasses, _____ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which
C. without which D. that
4.I have bought two ballpens, ____ writes well.
A. none of which B. neither of which
C. none of them D. neither of them
5.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed was in 1945.
A. during which B. in that
C. where D. on which
6. They held a meeting, ____ which the hospital director made a speech.
7. The book, _____ which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading.
8. Is this the man ____ whose house the police found the lost coloured TV
at
for
in
9. Wu Dong,_____ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
10.The stories about Long March, _____ which this is one example, are well written.
with
of
注意: 3.介词﹢关系代词前可有some, any, none, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或数词
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
2) The book contains 20 stories, 8 of which are about Leifeng.
3) I have many good friends, each of whom helped me a lot.
注意: from where为介词﹢关系副词结构, 但也可引导定语从句
He hid behind the door, from _____ he could see what was happening in the room.
There is a library near my home, from _____ I can borrow many books.
where
which
whose 引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：
1.whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词
That’s the child whose drawing we looked at just now.
2. whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物
I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.
4. Whose 的先行词指物时, 可用of which 代替whose.指人不可
whose + n = the + n + of which= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.
3. whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间
Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.
1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
2. The dictionary,___ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen.
A. which B. that C. for which D .to which
3. Grandma Liang has two sons,_____ are soldiers.
A. two of whom B. whom
C. both of whom D. one of them
4. He arrived half an hour late, _____ made us unhappy.
A. that B. as B. what D. which
B
C
C
D
关系副词 when, where, why的用法
关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语
When = in/at/on/…+which;
Where = in/at/on/…+which;
Why = for /…+which
作状语：关系副词 when 时间
where 地点
why 原因
1. This is the factory ______ he works.
2. I don’t know the reason ______ he was late.
3. I still remember the day _______ I met him.
where
why
when
=in which
for which
on which
① The day I met him first was
May 1st.
② The year I came here was 1998.
③ The reason he was late was that he got up late.
when
when
for which
on which
in which
why
关系代词和关系副词如何区别？
1.取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。　
2.要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
1）This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
2）I‘ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　
3）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　
1.I’ll never forget the days ____________we spent together in Paris.
2.I’ll remember the days ________we stayed together.
3.This is the factory ____________we visited
last year.
4.This is the house _________Lincoln once
lived.
that\which
when
that\which
where
vt.
vi.
vt.
vi.
during which
in which
5.The reason _______he missed the speech
is that he forgot the time.
6.The reason ____________he gave us
sounded reasonable.
why
that\which
(合理的）
for which
This is the house .
I lived in it two years ago.
This is the house____________ I lived in two years ago.
This is the house _________ I lived two years ago.
This is the house _________ I lived two years ago.
(that/which)
in which
where
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它
主句意思往往不明确；
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也
不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
(1)This is the house which we bought last month.
（限制性）
(2)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
(非限制性）
(3)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
(非限制性）
说明：1.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在
从句作宾语不可省略。
1.We should learn from those___are always ready to help others.
A.who B.whom C.they D.that
2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who___in China.
A.works B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
3 .Tom is the only one of the students who___to Shanghai.
A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had gone
A
C
C
4.He has left for Beijing,___a meeting is to be held.
A.when B.where C.as D.which
5.This is the very place___I’m wishing to live in.
A.where B.which C.that D.in which
6.She wrote a letter to her father,___she made her secret known.
A.which B.that C.in which D.where
7.Oxygen is a kind of gas,___we couldn’t live.
A.without it B.without that
C.without which D.if not
8.I,___your good friend,will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am
B
C
C
C
B
1.which和as都能引导限制性定语从句，指代主句的某一个词，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
但as通常用在the same...as , such…as , as…as结构中
I will give you such things as you may need.
This is the same watch as I lost.
This is the same watch that I lost.
“as”和”which”引导定语从句的区别
同一
同样
2.which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句
a. As we expected, he passed the exam.
b. He took away my photo, which made me unhappy.
c. The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell
down in the earthquake.
1)as引导非限制性定语从句时只能指代整个句子。而which既可指代前面整个句子，也可指代前面句子中的一个词或短语。
3)as 本身有“正如…..正象…”. 的含义,常用于as is announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown…或as usually happen, as is often the case, as we know等句型
2)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个主句, as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句只能放在句末.
4）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时，只能用which引导
He made a long speech, as was expected.
He made a long speech, which was not expected/unexpected..
Tom drinks a lot everyday, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
1.______was natural,he married Jenny.
A.Which 　B.That 　C.This 　　D.As
2.Such signs_____we use in the experiment　______Greek letters. 　
　A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is
3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he drank immediately .
A.that 　B.　as 　C.　which 　D.　who
4.She is very good at dance,____everybody knows.
A.that B.which C.who D.as
D
A
C
D
5.It was raining,_____was a pity.
A.what B.that C. the which D. which
6.______has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
A. Which B. What C. That D. As
7.We are reading the same book _____ they are.
A.which B.as C.that D.like
D
D
B
定语从句必须注意的特殊例子
1.先行词为situation , case , stage, point, position关系词要用where, in which
eg. Can you imaging the situation where/ in which you can use the word.
2.先行词为way ,关系词要用that, in which 或省略
eg. Do you know the way (that/in which/--) he worked the problem.
3.定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。
Is this school the one we visited that year
Is this the school that we visited that year
He is one of the students who are from the south.
He is the (only) one of the students who is from the south.
区分定语从句与其相似句型
Mr.Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf.
(这里and连接的是并列句，不能用whom代替
them。如去掉and，就必须用whom代替them
成定语从句。
It was last night that the terrible fire broke out.
(这里是“It was+被强调部分+that... ”构成的强调句型，故连接词不用when。)
1A.Is this the factory__you visited last year
B.Is this factory____you visited last year
a.that b.where c.in which d.the one
2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____working in China.
B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who____working in China.
a.is b.has c.have d.are
a
d
d
a
3.A.Don’t discuss questions such _____those.
B.Let’s discuss only the questions ______we are interested in.
a.which b.that c.as d.about which
4. A. All____I need is a good rest.
B. ____I need is a good rest.
a.What b.All what c.that d.Which
c
b
c
a
5.A.Pisa is a city, __ has a leaning tower.
B.Pisa is a city,____there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there
6.A.This is the place____we visited last year.
B.This the place____we worked last year.
a.which b.where c. in that d.there
a
c
a
b
7.A.The news____he told us was very exciting.
B.He has brought us the news____our team has won the game.
a.what b.as c.that d.where
8. A.It is in a box____I have hidden my money.
B.We’ll go___we are needed.
a.that b.in which c.where d.in it
c
c
a
c
9. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation_____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A.where B.which C.while D.why
10. A.Is this the house ________ he visited last year
B. Is this house _________ he visited last year
A.that B.which C.where D.the one
A
A / B
D
11. The factory produces half a million pairs of
shoes every year, _______ 80% are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
12. ______ is often the case, we have worked out
the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
13. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more
about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
14. There was ____ time ____I hated to go to school.
A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when
A
D
D
A
“but ” 引导的定语从句
There is no one in the class but likes him.
that does not like him.
but = that…not…