高考英语二轮模块专题复习课件 [共31套打包]

(共621张PPT)
专题一 名词与冠词
专题二 代词
专题三 形容词与副词
专题四 动词与动词短语
专题五 连词与介词
专题六 非谓语动词
专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题八 动词的时态与语态
专题九 数词与主谓一致
专题十 名词性从句
专题十一 状语从句
专题十二 定语从句
专题十三 特殊句式
专题十四 情景交际
模块　单项填空
模块 1　单项填空
考纲解读
模块 1 │ 考纲解读
高考英语单项填空是英语试题第二部分英语知识运用中的“语法和词汇知识”项目。该题型用一题干提供词法、语法和交际情景方面的基础知识，给出A、B、C、D四个选项，让考生从四个选项中选择一项符合要求的最佳选项。单项填空为15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分。命题原则：突出语篇语境、强调应用、注重实际、体现能力。考查范围主要包括：名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语
模块 1 │ 考纲解读
气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装、省略句和情景交际等。考查目的逐年从考查单项知识为主转到知识点的综合考查；从考查知识点的记忆、再现为主转向考查知识点的理解、运用；从单纯考查语言知识转向重视考查交际英语和语言知识在一定语境中的运用，同时加大了干扰项的干扰力度。
命题特点
模块 1 │ 命题特点
　　从近年来的高考试题看，高考单项填空具有如下特点：
　　1．突出重点，覆盖考点
从语言知识的分布点上看，高考单项填空题一直保持着“覆盖面广，重点突出”的特点。分析近年来的高考试题，不难发现其考点分布相对稳定、集中，涉及知识面广，涵盖了交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、
模块 1 │ 命题特点
副词、动词(词组)、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状语从句等。其中动词一直是单项填空考查的重点。动词是英语中最活跃的词类， 是句子的核心成分， 是学习的重点；英语动词的变化较多， 形式复杂， 又是英语学习的难点。所以，在词汇学习中，动词的学习始终是主旋律。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
　　2．突出语境，活用语法
　　从测试的内容上看，近年来，高考试题重视考查学生的语言实践能力，将单纯的语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境，看似“淡化”了语法的考查，但实质上却并没有减弱。相反地，命题者是把语法放在实用的情景中，要求学生不但牢固掌握语法规则，更重要的是灵活运用到日常对话中。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
因此，理论上的减弱是以实际上的加强为置换的，是以能力化的形式去测试语法和词汇的要点。因此，考生在做题的过程中应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
　　3．突出交叉，综合踩点
　　从测试的体位上看，高考试题不只是单纯地考查某一个点，而是全面、立体地展示中学阶段所学的知识。因此，在学习的过程中，要以词汇为“经”，语法为“纬”，编织厚实而又清晰的知识网络体系。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
　　4．突出实词，加强辨析
　　从词汇考查的角度来看，除湖北卷全部考查词汇外，越来越多的省份逐渐加大了词汇测试的力度，这是全国高考变化的一个新趋向，也是高考英语和大学英语接轨的一个切入点。此类试题考查的重点一般在动词、名词、形容词、副词和介词的词义辨析以及由这些词所构成的词组及短语上。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
　　5．突出创新，活用语言
　　从题干的形式上看，单句的测试题渐渐让位于篇章测试题，语言知识测试题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题，用对话创设情景的题目所占比例越来越多。试题的题干不再拘泥于句型、句式的变换，而是在考试的内容上做了创新，减少了常规知识的考查，加大了对出现频率相对较低但同时又能交叉考查能力知识点的考查力度。在语言的叙述和表达上，高考试题语言的选择和表达都极具“生活化”和“时代感”。
题型分类
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　高考单项填空题在语言知识的考查方面遵守了从字、词、句、语篇到习惯用法和固定搭配的考查规律，在语言运用的考查方面体现了“语言＋语法＋情景”的交际性原则，按照这种命题模拟我们可以把单项填空分为如下几类：
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　一、词汇辨析型
　　词汇试题考查的重点一般在动词、名词、形容词、副词和介词的词义辨析以及由这些词所构成的词组和短语上。考试的难点一般是在特点的语境下考查形近词，同义词或近义词辨析和常用词组等，可谓“小语境”的完形填空或者完形填空的“前奏曲”。做此类题目时切忌选题过于求难、求多、求偏、求怪，过于
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例　[2010·湖北] (　　)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ for the homeless families.
　　A．accommodation　　　B．occupation
　　C．equipment 　　　　D．furniture
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　【解析】 A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震过后，政府首先要做的事情是给无家可归者提供食宿。accommodation 意为 “食宿”；occupation意为“职业”。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　二、习惯搭配型
英语句子中词语和词语之间有许多的“习惯搭配”或“固定用法”，主要表现在冠词与名词的搭配，名词、形容词、动词与介词的搭配等。这些习惯搭配一方面为我们做题提供了一个风向标，使我们常常会凭借“习惯搭配”的经验，很容易地选择出正确选项；另一方面，由于介词词义的复杂性，在特殊的语境
模块 1 │ 题型分类
中，这些“习惯搭配”也会发生一定的变化，特别是有些试题经过巧妙伪装，貌似“习惯搭配”，给人以错觉。答题时，考生首先要搞清楚所考的习语或搭配是由哪几类词构成的，每个词的作用以及它们的位置关系如何等，这就需要在平时学习中要多加记忆、巩固和积累。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例 　[2010·辽宁] (　　)I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.
　　A．by 　　　　　　B．in
　　C．on 　　　　　 D．to
　　【解析】 C　考查习惯搭配。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。介词on 和the condition that连用引导条件状语从句，意为 “条件是，以……为条件”。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　三、语法语境型
从近几年的高考试题看，单纯地考查语法的试题已经荡然无存，几乎所有的考题都提供了一个微型语境，让同学们根据讲话人所处的语言环境来选择答案。体现了高考试题“活用语法”的命题特点。此类考题，所提供的四个备选选项，如果不看特定的语境，四个选项往往都可成立，因而有较强的干扰性和迷惑性。要求考生对语言的把握要准确、透彻，解题过程中要领会语境中的内涵，因为这种类型题的答案往往隐藏在情景中。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例 　[2010·辽宁] (　　)Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles.
　　A．to recognize
　　B．recognizing
　　C．recognize
　　D. recognized
【解析】 D　考查非谓语动词。句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　四、句式结构型
　　一般来说，英语句式按结构划分，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句；按语气划分，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。此外，还有一些特殊句式，如省略句、强调句、there be 句型和独立结构等。要求熟练区分各种句式结构和句式特点。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例1　[2010·陕西] (　　)John opened the door. There ________ he had never seen before.
　　A．a girl did stand 　 B．a girl stood
　　C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
　　【解析】 D　考查特殊句式。here, there, thus, then等副词位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装句，选D。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例2　[2010·浙江] The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
　　A．whom 　　　　　B．which　　
　　C．them 　　　　D．those
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　【解析】 A　考查句式结构。要求熟练区分：并列句和非限定性定语从句。从句式特点可知，本题是非限定性定语从句，因此排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　五、情景交际型
　　高考单项填空比较注重对语言交际能力的考查。此类试题通常以对话形式，考查学生对某个语境的理解和反应能力，重点是就中学所学的日常交际项目，如问候、介绍、祝愿、邀请、道歉、建议、购物、问路、打电话、看病、就餐等进行考查。要求考生须对西方文化和风俗习惯有所了解和把握，切忌选择“中文式”的交际选项。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　例　 [2010·天津] (　　)—Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me
　　—Sure. ________？
　　A．What help 　　B．What is this
　　C．What is it 　　D．What do you want
模块 1 │ 题型分类
　　【解析】 C　考查交际用语。句意：“劳驾，你能帮帮我吗？”“好的，什么事？”第一个人询问是否可以帮忙，从第二个人的回答Sure，可以知道他愿意，接着问，具体是什么事，用What is it？表示 “什么事？”。
应试点睛
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　单项填空题往往只是一个不长的语句，或者是由两三句话构成的一个语段或者对话，但它们却是在真实的情景中考查了我们对词汇、语法的掌握运用和对语句、语境的理解。所以要做好单项填空题，除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　一、把握语境信息，理解命题意图
　　语境是指一定的语言环境。单项填空题所给的四个选项中往往不止一个选项在语法上是正确的，但只有一个选项符合试题所给的语境。能不能看破这个迷津，既取决于我们的理解能力，同时也与我们的文学修养有关。单项填空题的考查目的就是考查学生在特定语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。好的考题中的语境设置是正确选项，而且是最佳选项
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
项，而且是最佳选项，因为语法上正确的选项不一定是实际生活交际中最得体、最合适、最佳的选项。因此我们做题时，一定要找出字里行间中的隐含信息，瞻前顾后，通盘考虑，准确地把握语境内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分，才能避免出错。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　 [2010·天津] (　　)—Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
　　—________. How about next week
　　A．Good for you
　　B．It won’t bother me
　　C．Not at all
　　D．That’s OK
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 D　考查交际用语。句意：“约翰逊教授，恐怕我这周完不成报告。”“好的，下周怎么样？”根据后面的How about next week？可以看出，Johnson教授已经确认这周完不成报告没关系，所以，用That’s OK。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　二、注意英汉差别，消除思维定势
　　英语和汉语的表达习惯不同，考生应注意对比两种语言，并注意中西方文化的差异、特定语言情景中的表达以及习惯用法。命题者往往利用思维定式的负迁移作用设置一些干扰性很强的选项。思维定式是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的甚或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容，它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
维条件反射。思维定式是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　[2010·上海] (　　)That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
　　A．reducing 　　 B．to reduce
　　C．reduced 　　 D．reduce
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词。这里的we can imagine是插入语，不影响句子的结构，其实句子是这样子的We can imagine, that is the only way to reduce the overuse of water in students’bathrooms. 也就是说，不定式to reduce 不是imagine的宾语，而是作定语修饰the way的。本题受思维定式的影响容易误选A项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　三、注意标点符号，正确使用连词
　　单项填空题题干中的标点符号对于我们选择正确选项起着相当重要的作用，准确理解标点符号所包涵的隐藏信息，能够帮助我们选出正确选项，反之，对其忽略或视而不见，则往往使我们选错选项。这是因为，标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，其主要功能在于准确地记录语言，有助于确切地表达说话人的思想和理解对话双方的语言信息。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　(　　)Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious ________ than mobile phones do.
　　A．one 　　　　　 B．ones
　　C．it 　　　　　D．those
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 B　考查代词的指代。破折号起了进一步解释说明的作用。破折号后面空缺的那个词语必须和它前面的某个词语意义完全一致。题中的ones 指代了破折号前面的problems。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　四、分析句子结构，删除干扰成分
　　正确分析句子结构是解题的关键。对于一些结构比较复杂的试题，考生要善于分析、归纳和总结结构复杂的句子，以便准确把握命题者的命题思路。对于包含插入成分的句子，要抓住主句，排除冗余信息；对于特殊句型要学会进行句型转换。答题时要特别留心一些由干扰信息所带来的障碍，如倒装句干扰、定语从句干扰、非正常语序和强调句干扰等。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　[2010·安徽] (　　)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
　　A．where 　　　 B．that
　　C．when 　　 D．which
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 B　考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。如果能很快发现that she had bought in the village其实是一个冗余成分，答案便一目了然。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　五、补全省略成分，完整理解句义
　　在语境试题中，往往根据语境的含义故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补全出省略部分，这样才能保证选出正确选项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　[2010·浙江] (　　)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly________， can improve our health.
　　A．being carried out
　 B．carrying out
C．carried out
D．to carry out
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　考查if条件句中的省略情况。句意：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律地进行，有助于我们的身体健康。当主、从句主语一致时，从句可以使用省略形式，即“连词＋v. ing/v. ed”形式。本句中if条件从句省略了it is，所以答案选C项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　六、识别相似句型，找准细微差异
　　易混句型是广大学生学习中的一个难点，也是高考中的一个重点内容，不但在单项填空题中出现，而且在短文改错中，完形填空中也有涉及。有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。例如：It ＋ be ＋ 时间段的用法，what 与that 引导主语从句的区别等，这些句型都要在平时学习中注意积累和归纳。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　例　[2010·四川] (　　)Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office.
　　A．since B．that
　　C．when D．until
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 C　考查状语从句。句意：因为交通阻塞，当她到达办公室时，已经是午休的时间了。故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句。本题容易和强调句型混淆。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　总之，高考单项填空题考查内容涉及面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点。解题时，应结合语境，认真分析句子，灵活运用语法词汇知识，通过现象看本质，从而达到分析问题和解决问题的目的。
专题一 │ 名词与冠词
专题一　名词与冠词
　考题导读
专题一 │ 考题导读
　　名词主要考查名词词义辨析、名词的数及“可数”与“不可数”、 名词与其他词组成固定搭配；冠词主要考查冠词的语意和规则。从近几年命题来看有重语意表达轻规则记忆的特点，提高了对学生语境理解的要求。复习时应关注冠词使用的一些特定的场合，解题时从情景语意入手，合理使用规则。
真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·安徽] I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A．hearing　　　　　B．strength
C．recognition 　　 D．measure
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　1．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sara她变得认不出来了。hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气，力量”； recognition意为“认出，识别，认识”； measure意为“测量，措施”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·江西] Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average　　　B．number　
C．amount　　　 D．quantity
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　2．A　考查名词词义辨析。an average of泛指“……平均数”，an average of 40,000 per year意为“年平均40,000”。其他选项均无此意义。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·山东] Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety 　　　　　　
C．defense D．shelter
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　3．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”； safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·湖北] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division 　　　 B．area 　　　　
C．range 　　　 D．circle
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　4．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家餐馆越来越出名，是由于它做的各种各样的食物适合各种类型人群。a wide range of是一个常用习语，意为“各种各样的”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·浙江] The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ________.
A．solution 　　　B．target 　　　
C．measure D．function
专题一 │ 真题再现
　5．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·福建] It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．不填；a 　　　 B．a; 不填
C．the; a 　　　D．a; the
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　6．B　考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是一种不错的感觉。 good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.[2010·山东] If we sit near ________ front of the bus, we’ll have ________ better view.
A．不填； the B．不填； a
C．the; a D．the; the
专题一 │ 真题再现
　7．C　考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意，所以C项符合语境。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)8.[2010·江苏] The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu.
A．不填； a B．不填； the
C．the; a D．the; the
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　8．A　考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。第一空， people此处用作集合名词，所以不用冠词；第二空， 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new，因此，应加冠词a表示一个全新的江苏。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·辽宁] There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ________earth.
A．the; the 　　　　B．不填； the
C．the; 不填 　　　 D．a; the
专题一 │ 真题再现
9．B　考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)10.[2010·北京] First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a; the B．the; the
C．a; a D．the; a
专题一 │ 真题再现
10．A　考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：第一印象是最持久的。总之，你永远不可能再有机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。the first impression 意为“第一印象”，序数词前受the修饰，表示“第几……”； a second chance意为“又、再一次机会”，序数词有a/an修饰，表示“又一，再一”。
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.The theme of Expo 2010 was “Better City, Better Life”， representing ________ common wish of the whole humankind for ________ better living in future urban environments.
A．the; a B．a; a
C．/; the D．the; /
专题一 │ 专题预测
1．A　考查冠词的用法。句意：2010年世博会的的主题是： Better City, Better Life，描绘了人们对于未来更美好的城市生活环境的共同愿望。第一空后面的介词短语of the whole humankind 是定语，因此前面的common wish是特指，用定冠词；第二空处“一种更好的生活”表泛指，用不定冠词。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Nowadays it is difficult for people to find ________ work because ________ economic situation in world is very serious.
A．/; an B．/; the
C．the; the D．a; /
专题一 │ 专题预测
2．B　考查冠词的用法。work是不可数名词，表泛指，所以第一空不用冠词；第二空特指世界经济形势，故用定冠词the。句意：因为严峻的经济形势，现在人们找工作已经很困难了。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.In 2003，I went to South Africa. When I first set foot on ________strange land, I didn’t know what the future had in ________ store for me.
A．the；/ B．the；the
C．/；a D．the; a
专题一 │ 专题预测
3．A　考查冠词的用法。the strange land指代South Africa；have sth in store for sb意为“即将发生在……身上；有……等着某人”。句意：2003年我来到了南非。当我第一次踏上这块陌生的土地时，我不知道等待我的是什么。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Anyone in mind for this position What about Jack
—He may be a good friend, but business is business.He is not ________ man for ________ job.
A．a; a 　　　　　 B．the; the
C．a; the 　　　　D．the; a
专题一 │ 专题预测
4．C　考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指的概念，因此用不定冠词；第二空是特指这份工作，用定冠词。故答案是C。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A new research suggests cutting ________ global warming pollution would not only make ________ planet healthier, but also make people healthier.
A．the; a B．/；/
C．/；the D．the；the
专题一 │ 专题预测
5．C　考查冠词的用法。global warming pollution是泛指概念，不用冠词；the planet特指地球，用定冠词，表特指。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.The car factory has produced a new car of high quality; its only ________ is that it uses a lot of petrol.
A．advantage B．drawback
C．mistake D．profit
专题一 │ 专题预测
6．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家汽车厂已经生产出了一款新的高质量汽车，它唯一的缺点是耗油量太大。advantage优势；drawback缺点，不利条件；mistake错误；profit利润，盈利，收入。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.To our great ________， Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A．anxiety B．relief
C．view D．judgment
专题一 │ 专题预测
7．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰弗里的病不像我们当初担心得那么严重，这让我们长舒了一口气。语境说杰弗里的疾病不像当初想象得那么严重，因此用to one’s relief表示“使某人感到放心的是，使某人欣慰的是，使某人安心的是”。 to one’s anxiety 让某人感到焦虑的是；view不符合语境的搭配；in one’s view在某人看来；judgment意为“判断”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.After designing some experiments, they were able to clarify the ________ by which bees communicate information that they use to find and fetch food.
A．procedure B．access
C．method D．approach
专题一 │ 专题预测
8．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在设计了一些实验之后，终于能阐明蜜蜂找到食物以及去取食物的信息交流的步骤。procedure步骤，手续，常与for搭配；access通道，入口，接近，进入，一般与介词to搭配；method办法，方式；approach接近，临近，途径，方式，方法。从语境看，这里表示交流寻找、发现和去取食物的信息，表示“步骤”，因此选A。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest ________.
A．interruption B．instruction
C．consideration D．convenience
专题一 │ 专题预测
9．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：你提供的任何帮助(我们)都心生感激，请在你方便的时候给予回复。convenience“便利，方便”符合语义表达。interruption打断，中断；instruction指导，指南；consideration考虑。
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.John has got a fever these days, and he says he doesn’t want to see a doctor, but I’m afraid he has no ________.
　A．possibility B．compromise　　　　
　　 C．treatment 　　D．alternative
专题一 │ 专题预测
10．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：John这几天有点儿发烧，他说他不想看医生，但是我担心他别无选择。have no alternative＝have no choice别无选择。
专题二 │ 代词
专题二　代词
　考题导读
专题二 │ 考题导读
　　代词在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性，高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。各地在对单项填空的语法考查中对代词则百考不“厌”。代词考查主要集中在替代词、指代词和不定代词的掌握上。要求学生熟练掌握one/ones;
专题二 │ 考题导读
that/those; 以any/every/no 开头的不定代词的运用。it既可作代词，也可作引导词，还可作强调词。有时it与其他代词混在一起考查，有时，考查它在特定句型中的用法。因此，对it的用法尤其要全面掌握。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·福建] When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ________ for me
A．everything　　　　　B．anything
C．something D．nothing
专题二 │ 真题再现
1．C　考查不定代词辨析。句意：当你向Mr. John介绍我的时候，你可以为我说一些好话吗？在表达委婉客气的交际用语中，常用something代替疑问句中的anything。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·上海] If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ________.
A．themselves B．them
C．us D．ourselves
专题二 │ 真题再现
2．D　考查反身代词。主语为we，因此其反身代词形式应为ourselves。 depend on oneself意为“自力更生”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·安徽] You are a team star! Working with ________ is really your cup of tea.
A．both　　 B．either　　
C．others　 D．the other
专题二 │ 真题再现
3．C　考查不定代词的用法。句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作正是你应当做的任务。习语one’s cup of tea此处意为“任务，话题，人或任何让人感到合适的东西”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·山东] Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age.
A．it B．that
C．what D．one
专题二 │ 真题再现
4．D　考查代词的用法。句意：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·天津] ________ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
A．Anything B．Nothing
C．Everything D．Something
专题二 │ 真题再现
5．B　考查复合不定代词的用法。句意：一生中没什么经历比第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻。nothing用于句中表示否定意义，而其他三个词则无此意。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·陕西] The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
专题二 │ 真题再现
6.A　考查代词用法。所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。this指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同类中的一个”之意。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·四川] On my desk is a photo that my father took of ________ when I was a baby.
A．him B．his
C．me D．mine
专题二 │ 真题再现
7．C　考查代词用法。take a photo of sb意为“给某人照相”，此处应用人称代词的宾格。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Neither side is prepared to talk to ________unless we can smooth things over between them.
A．others B．the other
C．another D．one other
8．B　考查不定代词。neither含有“两者都不”之意。用the other指“两者中的另一个”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.[2010·重庆] He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.
A．neither B．either
C．each D．all
专题二 │ 真题再现
9．B　考查代词。由“his temper and health”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表否定，选either。never either是全部否定，相当于neither。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·浙江] ________ that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A．One B．All
C．Everything D．Anything
专题二 │ 真题再现
10．B　考查不定代词。句意：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。从而判断此处选择all意思最合适。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　专题预测
(　　)1.I haven’t read ________ of the articles carefully, but I find that there is a striking similarity between them.
A．each B．either C．any D．all
1．B　考查代词。根据but和between判断，“我”两篇文章都没有认真阅读。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.—How much salt did you put in the soup
—________. I’m terribly sorry that I forgot.
A．Nothing B．None
C．Little D．No
2．B　考查代词的用法。以how much或how many开头的特殊疑问句，一般用none来回答，以表示“一点儿(一个)也没有”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Have you got any books on English grammar I’d like to borrow ________.
—Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.
A．it B．one C．some D．any
3．B　考查不定代词。句意：您有英语语法书吗？我想借一本。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Which share shall I take
—You can take ________ half. They are exactly the same.
A．this B．any
C．each D．either
4．D　考查不定代词。从half可知是两半，意思是“你可以拿任何一半”，用either。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—Some people often shout at each other in public.
—Yes, I really hate ________.
A．that B．them C．this D．it
5．D　考查代词的用法。这里it指的是上一句所说的some people often shout at each other in public.这一现象，所以要用it。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ sold to his brother.
A．one B．another
C．the one D．which
专题二 │ 专题预测
6．C　考查代词的用法。the one和only one painting是同位关系，后面的sold是过去分词作定语表被动。句意：据说梵·高一生中只成功地卖出了一幅画，就是卖给他兄弟的那幅。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但后空后缺少谓语，排除D项。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ was sold to his brother.
A．one B．another
C．the one D．which
7．D　考查代词的用法。注意该题和上一题只有一个单词的差别，但是答案却相差千里。这里引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替指物的的先行词，并在从句中作主语，所以用which。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.His advertisement income this year is about $36 million, over three times ________ of last year.
A．that B．what C．those D．ones
8．A　考查that作代词的用法。句中是将今年的广告收入和去年的广告收入作对比，that指advertisement income。句意为：他今年的广告收入是3600万美元，是去年的三倍。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Do you know what people are saying about you
—Of course I know. But ________ is true, and I don’t care.
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．none
9．D　表示没有上文中提到的人或物，用none。本题none指代what people are saying about me。
专题三 │ 形容词与副词
专题三　形容词与副词
　考题导读
专题三 │ 考题导读
　　形容词、副词的考查主要集中在比较级问题、词序问题、词义词形词性的辨析问题、表语形容词问题以及习惯搭配问题。此外，语言结构比较特殊情况的考查也日臻热化。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·福建] —Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.
A．naturally　　　 B．successfully
C．splendidly D．increasingly
专题三 │ 真题再现
1．D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：“志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎了。”“是的，人们开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己。”A.自然地，理所当然地；B.成功地；C.华丽地，壮观地；D.逐渐地，慢慢地。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·福建] Drunk driving, which was once a ________ occurrence, is now under control.
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
专题三 │ 真题再现
2．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒后驾车一度是经常发生的事，现在得以控制。frequent意为“经常的”符合句意。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·辽宁] We only had $100 and that was ________ to buy a new computer.
A．nowhere near enough
B．near enough nowhere
C．enough near nowhere
D．near nowhere enough
专题三 │ 真题再现
3．A　考查副词用法。句意：我们只有100美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·辽宁] Jim went to answer the phone. ________， Harry started to prepare lunch.
A．However B．Nevertheless
C．Besides D．Meanwhile
专题三 │ 真题再现
4．D　考查副词用法。句意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。前后两个句子是等同的语义关系，在时间上表示“同时”，所以用meanwhile。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·浙江] Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ________？
A．though B．also
C．either D．too
专题三 │ 真题再现
5．A　考查副词辨析。句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然而会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系，所以选择though。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·山东] Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth
C．flexible D．complex
专题三 │ 真题再现
6．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible。heavy 表示“沉重的”； smooth表示“光滑的，滑顺的”； complex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.[2010·天津] People have always been ________ about exactly how life on earth began.
A．curious B．excited
C．anxious D．careful
专题三 │ 真题再现
7．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们一直对于地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是“好奇”。be curious about 是“对……感到好奇”的意思。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)8.[2010·四川] The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ________.
A．small B．few
C．large D．many
专题三 │ 真题再现
8．C　考查形容词用法。the number of 意为“……的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。又据句意“学校被移出了市中心，应该是学生的数量变得太大了”，故选C。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.[2010·浙江] Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores
A．especially B．frequently
C．merely D．finally
专题三 │ 真题再现
9．D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？ especially 特别，尤其；frequently经常；merely仅仅；finally最终。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)10.Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________.
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
专题三 │ 真题再现
10．B　考查否定的隐含比较。句意：Mr.Black非常高兴，因为在他的工厂生产的衣服从来没有如此受欢迎过。否定比较级相当于最高级。
专题三│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(　　)1.[2010·黑龙江] I was sleepy. I decided to make myself some ________ coffee so I could work________.
A．weak; better B．strong; well
C．strong; better D．weak; well
专题三│ 专题预测
1．C　考查习惯用法。根据语意，第一空用strong，浓咖啡才能提神；第二空表示比较，意为“比现在工作得更好”，故用well的比较级。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)2.[2010·宝鸡质检] —Jim, are you ________this Saturday
—Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop ________ the bank on Saturday.
A．convenient; and
B．convenient; as well as
C．available; with
D．available; as well as
专题三│ 专题预测
2．D　考查形容词及词组的用法。convenient的主语不能为人，常用于it is convenient for/to sb结构，先排除A和B两项。根据答语意思“既要去书店又要去银行”可知，第二空要用as well as。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)3. [2010·宝鸡质检] After watching the movie Avadar, Mary lay in bed with her eyes ________ open while all her family were ________ asleep.
A．widely; soundly
B．wider; soundly
C．widely; sound
D．wide; sound
专题三│ 专题预测
3．D　考查习惯用法。表示“眼睛睁得大、嘴张得大”等时，要用wide修饰open；表示“酣睡”时，常用be sound/fast/deep asleep或sleep soundly来表达。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)4. [2010·宝鸡质检] I was ________ with my son about his carelessness, which ________ the main cause of his failure in maths.
A．annoyed; were B．amazed; was
C．amazing; were D．annoyed; was
专题三│ 专题预测
4．D　考查形容词和主谓一致。句意：我对儿子的粗心很生气，这(粗心)是他数学不及格的主要原因。关系代词which指代先行词carelessness，谓语应该用单数，先排除A和C项；annoyed表示“生气的”，符合语意。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)5.[2010·东北模拟] This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water ________ from pollution.
A. free B. empty
C. loose D. short
专题三│ 专题预测
5．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处free表示“免于，不受……影响的”。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)6.[2010·浙江期末考试] Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________ IQ.
A．a high B．a higher
C．the higher D．the highest
专题三│ 专题预测
6．B　考查形容词比较级的用法。根据题干内容可知，这里是将Boris的智商与班级里其他同学的智商进行比较，因此应该用比较级，排除A、D两项；另外，这里是表泛指，因此用不定冠词，故B项正确。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)7.[2010·安徽“江南十校”联考] Their university is located on a beautiful lake, ________ of this developing city.
A. southeast thirty miles
B. thirty miles southeast
C. thirty miles to southeast
D. to thirty miles southeast
专题三│ 专题预测
7．B　考查方位表达结构。表达“在……地方多远”时，一般先“距离”，然后“方位”，表示方位的词前加to the，但to the也可以省略，所以C项如果改成thirty miles to the southeast也可以，据此选B项。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)8.[2010·湖南雅礼月考] —Are you pleased with what he has done
—It couldn’t be ________. Why didn’t he put more effort into his work
A. any worse B. much better
C. so bad D. the best
专题三│ 专题预测
8．A　考查否定的隐含比较。 “It couldn’t be any worse.”意为“(他的工作做得)非常差”，与后面内容相符。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)9.[2010·福州质检] —How is the result, doctor
—Well, your health is ________ good, but you do have a few minor problems.
A. normally B. frequently
C. generally D. regularly
专题三│ 专题预测
9．C　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：你的健康状况总体来说是好的，但的确有些小问题。generally “总的来说”符合句意表达。normally从正常情况看； frequently经常； regularly有规律地。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)10.[2010·陕西宝鸡质检] In my opinion, your composition is not as interesting as his but yours is ________ in writing.
A．the best organized
B．better organized
C．so organized as
D．as organized as
专题三│ 专题预测
10．B　考查比较级用法。句意：在我看来，你的作文(在内容上)没有他的有趣，但你的作文在结构上组织得比他的好。根据语意，说话人把两个人的作文从内容和结构两方面进行比较，第一分句用的是not as…as结构，相当于less…than，第二分句用的是比较级结构。D项后缺少比较对象，故排除。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)11.[2010·温州联考] I have no dreams ________to have a happy life.
A. rather than B. more than
C. other than D. less than
专题三│ 专题预测
11．C　考查习惯用法。句意：除了快乐过一生，我别无梦想。rather than而不是……；more than不仅仅……，远不止……；other than除了……；less than少于……。根据语意可知，这里选C项。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)12.[2010·福建联考] Keeping ________ hours does good to your ________.
A．common; health B．regular; health
C．familiar; healthy D．usual; healthy
专题三│ 专题预测
12．B　考查形容词和名词的用法。do good to…中to为介词，后应接名词，排除C、D两项；common表示“常见的”，regular表示“有规律的”，根据题干内容可知regular符合题意。keep regular hours意思是“有规律地生活，按时作息”。句意：有规律地生活对健康有利。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)13.[2010·潍坊质监] Sorry.Somebody borrowed the book last week，but I’ll let you know once it is ________.
A．possible B．probable
C．available D．punctual
专题三│ 专题预测
13．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对不起，上周有人把书借走了，但一旦有的话，我会让你知道。available可得到的，符合语意。
专题三│ 专题预测
(　　)14.[2010·安庆模拟] —Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic
—Yes. You can’t hope for ________day at this time of the year.
A. a nice B. a nicer
C. the nicer D. the nicest
专题三│ 专题预测
14．B　考查否定的隐含比较。比较级用在含有否定意义的句子里，且其前加不定冠词a时，表示“最……”。
专题四 │ 动词与动词短语
专题四　动词与动词短语
　考题导读
专题四│ 考题导读
　　短语动词的考查主要集中在一些活跃的动词与副词构成的短语意义的掌握上，学习时应充分关注 take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in 等副词组合成的短语词义的复习。动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的掌握上，要求学生熟练掌握一些重点动词的词义和搭配。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·安徽] No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ________ you wishing they were that high.
A．getting rid of　　　　　
B．getting along with
C．looking up to
D．looking down upon
专题四 │ 真题再现
1．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：你无论认为自己怎样低下，总会有人敬仰你，他们希望也像你一样高大。get rid of意为“摆脱；去除”； get along with意为“与……相处，进展”； look up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”； look down upon意为“看不起，轻视”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·安徽] —How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest, his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
专题四 │ 真题再现
2．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到，涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·江西] Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
3．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母非常关注孩子们的教育。attach importance to 关注。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·江西] Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ________ sweet dreams.
A．keep up with B．put up with
C．end up with D．catch up with
专题四 │ 真题再现
4．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：睡觉前闻闻这些花，你就会做个好梦。 keep up with 保持； put up with 忍受； end up with 以……为结束； catch up with 赶上。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·山东] Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A．brought up B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
专题四 │ 真题再现
5．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。pick up 意为“学会，捡起， 顺车接送，搭载，收拾，整理，重新开始，获得”等；bring up 表示“抚养，教育，提出，呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看，(形势)好转，改善，查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置，造成，产生”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·湖北] Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ________ his personality.
A．resembles B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
专题四 │ 真题再现
6．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。reflect 意为“反映”。 resemble＝ look like；strengthen表示“加强，巩固”；shape作动词表示“塑形”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.[2010·天津] Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ________ as a manager.
A．ended up B．dropped out
C．came back D．started off
专题四 │ 真题再现
7．A　考查短语动词辨析。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。ended up as 作为……而结束；dropped out退出，退学；came back回来；started off动身，出发。只有A项符合题意。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)8.[2010·辽宁] The new movie ________ to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.
A．promises B. agrees
C．pretends D．declines
专题四 │ 真题再现
8．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，赞同”；pretend是“假装”；decline是“衰老，衰退”。只有promises符合题意。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·全国卷Ⅰ] The workers ________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”．
A．carried B．delivered
C．pressed D．packed
专题四 │ 真题再现
9．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。 pack意为“包，裹”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)10.[2010·江苏] The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A．found out B．pointed out
C．ruled out D．carried out
专题四 │ 真题再现
10．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个实验排除了那个行星上生命存在的可能性。ruled out意为“排除，拒绝”。
专题三│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(　　)1.The young man, who is a singer in a rock band, is upset about the fact that people ________ his music as “noise”．
A．suppose B．sort
C．classify D．clarify
专题四 │ 专题预测
1．C　考查动词词义辨析。 句意：这个年轻人在一个摇滚乐队当歌手，人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”，这使他很沮丧。classify表示“把……分类，把……分级”。suppose 意为“料想，以为， 假定”；sort意为“分类整理”；clarify意为“澄清，阐明”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Nancy asked Smith to take tea with her. He ________， fearing to cause her inconvenience.
A．ignored B．declined
C．resisted D．cancelled
专题四 │ 专题预测
2．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：南希邀请史密斯和她一起喝茶。因为害怕会给她带来不便，所以他回绝了。ignore 表示“不顾，不理，忽视”，含有视而不见、不加理会等含义；decline 表示“下降，衰退，谢绝”；resist 表示“反抗，抵制，抗，耐，拒受……的影响”；cancel 表示“取消，废除”。语境提到“请他喝茶”和“害怕不方便”，可见这里表示谢绝了对方的盛情邀请，因此选B。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.Susan’s strong love for her country is ________in her recently published poems.
A．relieved B．reflected
C．responded D．recovered
专题四 │ 专题预测
3．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏珊对祖国强烈的热爱在她最新出版的诗歌中反映出来。relieve 使轻松(宽慰)，缓解；reflect 反映，反射，映出，深思；respond 回答，答复，(to)作出反应；recover恢复，痊愈，收复，使复原。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)4. “I’m sorry. You should have been informed first, Alex, ” Jerom Pattertion said seeming ________.
A．annoyed B．embarrassed
C．frustrated D．thrilled
专题四 │ 专题预测
4．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亚历克斯，对不起，本该先通知你的，”Jerom Pattertion看起来似乎有点尴尬的说道。语境表示向对方道歉，此时道歉人的表情应该是“尴尬的，难为情的”，因此选B。annoyed 恼火的，烦恼的；frustrated 沮丧的；thrilled 兴奋的，都不符合语境对说话人的表情或感觉的叙述。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.No further financial problem ________， but we once couldn’t make both ends meet.
A．rose B．arose
C．aroused D．raised
专题四 │ 专题预测
5．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：再没有出现经济方面的问题，但我们一度难以收支平衡。这里用动词arise表示“出现，产生”。rise意为“起立(床)，上涨”；arouse意为“引起，激起，唤起”；raise 意为“增加，筹集，引起，养育”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.When I saw the cars crash on the road, a frightened feeling ________ across my mind.
A．flashed B．struck
C．hit D．occurred
专题四 │ 专题预测
6．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看见这些车辆在马路上相撞时，一种可怕的感觉在我脑海闪过。这里用flash表示“闪光，掠过”。strike表示“罢工，袭击，打，敲击”；hit表示“打击，碰撞”；occur表示“发生，想起”。从语境和动词的含义搭配判断选A。
专题四│ 专题预测
(　　)7.________ energy under the earth must be given off in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.
A．Decreased B．Collected
C．Accumulated D．Transformed
专题四 │ 专题预测
7．C　考查动词词义辨析。 句意：地下积聚的能量必须以一种或者另外一种形式，比如地震，释放出来。语境提到地下的能量释放出来，由此判断选C 表示“堆积的，积累的，积聚的”。B也表示“积聚的”，但它表示“收集起来的，积聚的”，不符合句意。A、D两项明显不符合题意。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.These days the government has issued several economic policies that will ________ prosperity(繁荣)of manufacturing industry.
A．accumulate B．accelerate
C．accomplish D．acknowledge
专题四 │ 专题预测
8．B　考查动词词义辨析。 句意：最近这些日子政府出台了几条经济政策，这些政策将会加速制造业的繁荣。accumulate堆积，积累，积聚；accelerate(使)加快，(使)增速；accomplish达到(目的)，完成(任务)，实现(计划)；acknowledge承认(……的权威)，告知收到。语境提到政策与繁荣，因此这里选B表示“加速其繁荣发展”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.His father is a laid off worker with a total income of around 300 yuan per month, which ________ only the basic needs of his family.
A．offers B．supports
C．affords D．covers
专题四 │ 专题预测
9．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲是个下岗工人，月总收入只有约300元，这只能满足他家最基本的需求。这里用动词cover表示“够支付”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.The committee will ________ their decision until they receive the investigation report.
A．take off B．hold off
C．lay off D．turn off
专题四 │ 专题预测
10．B　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：该委员会将推迟他们的决定，直到他们得到调查报告。这里用hold off表示“推迟，拖延，阻止”，与后面的until状语从句呼应。take off脱下，(飞机)起飞，休假，开始成功/走红，匆匆离开；lay off(暂时)解雇，停止做；turn off关上(自来水、煤气等的)开关，关闭(电视、灯等)，离开……转入另一条路。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.The amateur’s singing career ________ after his CCTV show up and he gained fame almost overnight.
A．put off B．brought up
C．took off D．picked up
专题四 │ 专题预测
11．C　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：自从在中央电视台露了一手之后，这个业余歌手的演唱事业开始腾飞，他几乎是一夜之间成名了。put off推迟，延期；bring up养育，提出； take off腾飞，开始成功；pick up拣起，无意间得知。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)12.It’s mentioned in one of his books that the mastery of English ________a large amount of practice.
A．calls on B．calls for
C．calls at D．calls out
专题四 │ 专题预测
12．B　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：在他的一本书上提到，掌握英语需要进行大量的练习。call on拜访(某人)，号召；call for需求，需要；call at拜访(某地)；call out大叫。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.Many rich Americans have long ________ money to charities, rather than to their children.
A．given up B．given off
C．given out D．given away
专题四 │ 专题预测
13．D　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：美国许多富人很早就已经开始把钱捐给慈善机构，而不是给他们的子女。give up放弃；give off发出，放出；give out用完，分发；give away捐赠。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)14.The ordinary girl sat silently at the corner, but when the prince came over to invite her to dance, her face immediately ________.
A．cheered up B．lit up
C．turned up D．made up
专题四 │ 专题预测
14．B　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这个长相普通的女孩静静地坐在角落里，但是当王子走过去请她跳舞的时候，她的脸上立刻露出了喜色。light up表示“使面露喜色”，符合句意和搭配。cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来；turn up找到，发现，出现；make up编造(说法、解释等)，编撰，组成，构成，补上，弥补，和解。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)15.Don’t refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word as its meaning may be ________ clearly in a given context.
A．picked out B．ruled out
C．brought out D．taken out
专题四 │ 专题预测
15．C　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不要每次遇到生词的时候都翻词典，因为有时其含义会在给定的语境中清楚地显示出来。pick out挑出，选出，拣出，辨认出，分辨出；rule out把……排除在外，排除……的可能性；bring out使明显，显示出，使得以发挥；take out带……出去。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)16.Restaurants in Europe are ________ a new technology that will allow customers to order their food directly from a screen.
A．sending out B．handing out
C．letting out D．testing out
专题四 │ 专题预测
16．D　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：欧洲的餐馆正在试行一项技术，顾客可以直接从屏幕上点菜。send out发出(某物)，发射(信号)；hand out分发，散发；let out放走，释放，发出，泄漏；test out实验，检验。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.While I was watching TV at night, an old friend of mine ________.
A．gave up B．stood up
C．showed up D．hurried up
专题四 │ 专题预测
17．C　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：晚上我正在看电视的时候，我的一个老朋友来了。give up停止，放弃；stand up站起来，(论点、证据等)站得住脚；show up暴露，显露，来到，露面；hurry up(使)赶快，匆匆完成。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)18.Some experts warn that global warming will ________ more than one million sorts of plants.
A．turn down B．bring in
C．wipe out D．take away
专题四 │ 专题预测
18．C　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有些专家警告说全球性气候变暖将使一百多万种植物灭绝。从搭配和句意看，这里用wipe out表示“彻底毁灭”。turn down拒绝，调低；bring in引进，带来；take away取走。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)19.In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers to________ regularly rather than take expensive weight losing pills.
A．hang out B．work out
C．turn up D．figure up
专题四 │ 专题预测
19．B　考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：为了减肥，这位年轻女士宁可经常锻炼，也不去服用昂贵的减肥药。hang out(把衣服等)挂出去，闲逛；work out健身，锻炼，解答出，计算出；turn up找到，发现，出现，被找到，突然发生，证明是(＝turn out to be)，翻掘，调大；figure up为错误搭配。
专题五 │ 连词与介词
专题五　连词与介词
　考题导读
专题五│ 考题导读
　　连词考查主要集中在对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查。常常表现在对连词的选择与使用上。如：and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。除了要熟记忆各种特定句型外，牢记各种连接词和关联词的用法就显得更为重要。解题时从上下句的逻辑关系入手。介词是英语
专题五│ 考题导读
语言中最活跃的词类，其内容复杂，搭配繁多，用法灵活。每一个介词都可以用来表达多种不同的含义，而且又无规律可循。因此，掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。学习时应注意如下几点：介词或介词短语词义辨析；意义相同或相近，但使用范围不同的介词； 介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。
专题五 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·上海] Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree lined avenue for two hours every day.
A．between 　 B．along 　
C．below　 D．with
1．B　考查介词用法。句意：Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·天津] My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A．by B．on C．for D．against
专题五 │ 真题再现
2．D　考查介词用法。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth, 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·浙江] I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
专题五 │ 真题再现
3．C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·福建] More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities ________space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
4．C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺乏空间。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·湖北] It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A．in preference to B．in place of
C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
专题五 │ 真题再现
5．D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：对公务员来说，以给人们好处来索要礼物或金钱是违法的。in exchange for表示“交换”。in preference to 优先于；in place of代替；in agreement with符合，一致。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·四川] Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
A．in B．below
C．beside D．against
专题五 │ 真题再现
6．D　考查介词用法。句意：累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。against此处意为“倚着，靠着”；below在……下方；beside在……旁边；in在……里面或(时间)……之内。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.[2010·北京] Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden They are ________ everyone’s enjoyment.
A．in B．at C．for D．to
专题五 │ 真题再现
7．C　考查介词用法。for enjoyment是一习惯用语，意为“为了寻求乐趣”。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)8.[2010·重庆] The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ________ me.
A．by B．for C．in D．with
8．D　考查介词用法。with表示“随身携带”。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.[2010·江西] Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.
A．of B．as C．by D．with
专题五 │ 真题再现
9．C　考查介词用法。“by ＋名词”常表示方式、途径；“with ＋名词”常表示具体的工具。
专题五│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(　　)1.[2010·云南模拟] The large grassland, reaching out far away, looks extremely beautiful ________ the blue and clean sky.
A．with B．against
C．through D．beyond
专题五│ 专题预测
1．B　考查介词用法。against 以……为背景，衬托着。句意：大片的草地，延伸到远方，以蓝天白云为背景，看起来极为美丽。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)2.[2010·浙江模拟] Many medical scientists are racing ________ time to find a cure for H1N1 as soon as possible.
A．On B．Against C．For D．In
专题五│ 专题预测
2．B　考查介词用法。race against time意为“与时间赛跑”。句意：许多医学科学家在争分夺秒地寻找治疗H1N1的方法。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)3.[2010·正定月考] Some plants are so sensitive ________ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
A．from B．with
C．against D．to
专题五│ 专题预测
3．D　考查介词用法。be sensitive to 意为“对……敏感”。 句意：许多植物对污染很敏感，结果只能存活在绝对清洁的环境里。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)4.[2010·陕西户县月考] Work hard, ________ you cannot go to college next year!
A．and B．or
C．yet D．in addition
4．B　考查连词用法。本句是一个祈使句，or意为“否则，要不然”。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)5.[2010·成都七中诊断模拟] If our society, including many educators, gives up creativity only ________ correct answers, it is really time for us to reform our educational system.
A．to B．for C．on D．in
专题五│ 专题预测
5．B　考查介词用法。句意：如果我们的社会，包括许多教育工作者，放弃了创造力而一味追求正确答案，那么改革教育体制就势在必行了。介词for常常可以表达许多动词的含义，如“拿、取等”，此处意为“追求”。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)6.[2010·上海十三校联考] The boy developed an amazing appetite ________ western style food even after a short stay in France.
A．to B．on C．with D．for
专题五│ 专题预测
6．D　考查介词用法。develop an appetite for意为“逐渐爱上”。句意：在法国待了一段时间后，这位男孩逐渐爱上了西餐。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)7.[2010·湖北八校联考] The contract is very important for both of you, so studying it ________ before signing is necessary.
A．in return B．in exchange
C．in detail D．in turn
专题五│ 专题预测
7．C　句意：这份合同对你们双方都很重要，因此在签字之前仔细研读一下是必要的。in return 作为回报；in exchange 作为交换；in detail 详尽地；in turn 以此，转而，反过来。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)8.[2010·湖北重点一联] Rio De Janeiro has won the right to host the 2016 Olympic Games, and the Brazilians will be occupied in building stadiums ________.
A．as usual B．on a large scale
C．in return D．in a row
专题五│ 专题预测
8．B　句意：里约热内卢赢得了主办2016年奥运会的权利，巴西人将大规模地建设体育馆。as usual 像以往一样；on a large scale 大规模地；in return 作为回报；in a row 一个接一个地，连接不断地。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)9.[2010·湖北重点二联] The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were ________ the extremely cold weather.
A．in the possession of
B．in the charge of
C．at the mercy of
D．at the risk of
专题五│ 专题预测
9．C　句意：这架坠毁的飞机上的幸存者没有食物和水，面对极端寒冷的天气束手无策。A“被(某人)拥有”，B“由(某人)负责”，C“受/听任……摆布，”，D“冒着……的危险”。从句意判断选C。
专题五│ 专题预测
(　　)10.[2010·黄冈模拟] The coaches usually not only keep an eye on the development of each individual member but on that of the group ________.
A．on a large scale
B．on the whole
C．as a whole
D．at great length
专题五│ 专题预测
10．C　句意：教练通常不仅要留意每个队员的进步，而且还要注意作为整体的团队的进步。on a large scale 大规模地；on the whole 总的来说，大体上，as a whole作为整体；at great length 详尽地，仔细地。
专题六 │ 非谓语动词
专题六　非谓语动词
　考题导读
专题六│ 考题导读
　　非谓语动词是高中英语教学中的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。不仅单项填空中，而且完形填空、短文改错中都反复考查。命题热点多是一些常用动词及特殊动词对其后的非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及动词的 ing形式)不同要求。有时也涉及非谓语动词的完成式和否定式以及非谓语动词作状语时还要注意逻辑主语一致性原则。解题过程中要紧紧把握主被动关系和时间来确定非谓语动词的形式。
专题六│ 真题再现
　真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·上海] Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A．amused　　　　　　B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)1.[2010·上海] Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A．amused　　　　　　B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
1．A　考查非谓语动词作补语。结构：keep＋sb. /sth. ＋done，本句中sb.与它后面的动词构成被动关系，故选A。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·安徽] He had a wonderful childhood, ________ with his mother to all corners of the world.
A．travel B．to travel
C. traveled D．traveling
2．D　考查非谓语动词作状语。主语(he)与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作状语。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)3.[2010·湖南] Listen! Do you hear someone ________for help
A．calling B．call
C．to call D．called
专题六│ 真题再现
3．A　考查非谓语动词作补语。someone与call是主动关系，排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)4.[2010·湖南] Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled
C．having struggled D．to struggle
专题六│ 真题再现
4．C　考查非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)5.[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising B．as surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
专题六│ 真题再现
5．C　考查谓语动词的省略结构。原句可改写为：Though he was surprised…当主、从句主语一致时，可以省略主语和系动词。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)6.[2010·江西] There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________.
A．to discover B．to be discovered
C．discovered D．being discovered
6．B　考查非谓语动词作宾语。wait 后需接to do作宾语，discover与逻辑主语actors之间是被动关系，所以选择B项。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)7.[2010·山东] I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A．completing B．to complete
C．completed D．being completed
专题六│ 真题再现
7．B　考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)8.[2010·天津] It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
专题六│ 真题再现
8．C　考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)9.[2010·四川] A great number of students ________ said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
专题六│ 真题再现
9．C　考查非谓语动词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作已完成，故用过去分词。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)10.[2010·陕西] His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
专题六│ 真题再现
10．B　考查非谓语动词作定语。由时间状语next month可知，所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。
专题六│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(　　)1.The theme park attracts many visitors every year, ________ in a great deal of money for the city.
A．brought B．to bring
C．bringing D．and bringing
专题六│ 专题预测
1．C　考查非谓语动词。bring 和其逻辑主语the theme park是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。句意：每年这个主题公园都吸引大量的参观者，为这个城市带来很大一笔收入。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)2.After suffering a heart attack, Michael Jackson was pronounced dead, ________ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A．to mark B．marking
C．marked D．having marked
专题六│ 专题预测
2．B　考查非谓语动词。句意：患心脏病后，迈克尔杰克逊被宣告死亡，标志着世界上最受欢迎的流行歌星的悲惨结局。marking是现在分词作结果状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)3.[2010·山东诊断性测试] Fran is gaining valuable experience ________ in her father’s firm in London.
A．to work B．having worked
C．working D．worked
专题六│ 专题预测
3．C　考查非谓语动词作状语。working是gaining valuable experience的伴随状语。句意：在父亲伦敦的公司工作，Fran获得了宝贵的经验。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)4.[2010·烟台月考] The medical team left the village with great satisfaction，________ a lot of local villagers.
A．treating B．to treat
C．treated D．having treated
专题六│ 专题预测
4．D　考查非谓语动词作状语。主语The medical team与treat之间是主动关系，而且此处强调动作的完成，因此选择D项。句意：医治好了许多当地村民后，医疗队满意地离开了村子。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)5.[2010·长郡月考] Alcohol is also classified as a downer, and although it is legal, it can damage the liver and do great harm if ________ in large quantities.
A．consume B．to consume
C．consuming D．consumed
专题六│ 专题预测
5．D　考查非谓语动词作状语。consume与句子主语Alcohol是一种被动关系，if consumed＝if(it is)consumed，故选择D项。句意：……如果大量消费，白酒会伤害肝脏，从而损害健康。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)6.[2010·南京月考] The latest survey, ________ by www., found more than 12 percent of teenagers want to work as pilots.
A．to be carried out
B．being carried out
C．carried out
D．having been carried out
专题六│ 专题预测
6．D　考查非谓语动词作定语。carried out与句子主语The latest survey之间是被动关系，此处又表示已经完成的动作，因此选择D项。句意：来自www.的最新调查表明，20%的青少年想做飞行员。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)7.________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A．Convinced B．Convincing
C．Having convinced D．To convince
专题六│ 专题预测
7．A　考查非谓语动词。本句主语为people，和动词convince构成动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作原因状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)8.[2010·温州联考] The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when ________ from the valley bottom.
A．viewing B．viewing them
C．viewed D．view
专题六│ 专题预测
8．C　考查非谓语动词作状语。view与句子主语The tall waterfalls and green mountains之间是一种被动关系，when viewed＝ when (they are) viewed，故选择C项。句意：从山谷的底部望上去，高耸的瀑布和绿色的山脉真是一道壮丽的风景。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Could you introduce me a high quality car
—My pleasure.________ well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.
A．Handled B．To handle
C．Handling D．Being handled
专题六│ 专题预测
9．C　考查非谓语动词的用法。空格前承后省略了逻辑主语this kind of car, handle well在这里是主动表被动，所以用现在分词形式作状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)10.The Person of the Year is not always a person. “The Chinese Worker” ranked the second on the list as the only group ________ last year.
A．to name B．named
C．naming D．names
专题六│ 专题预测
10．B　考查非谓语动词。此处(共353张PPT)
专题一　名词与冠词
专题二 代词
专题三 形容词与副词
专题四 动词与动词短语
专题五 连词与介词
专题六 非谓语动词
专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题八 动词的时态与语态
专题九 数词与主谓一致
专题十 名词性从句
专题十一 状语从句
专题十二 定语从句
专题十三 特殊句式
专题十四 情景交际
模块 1　语法填空
模块 1　语法填空
考纲解读
模块 1 │考纲解读
语法填空主要测试考生对英语语法、词汇以及在所给语境中对功能意念项目的运用能力。最新考纲要求：考生掌握并能运用课程标准八级要求规定的英语语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3300左右的词汇和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配；并且能从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，能在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。语言的交际性和实用性是该题型考查的重中之重。
命题分析
模块 1 │ 命题分析
　　新课标地区语法填空题有以下特点：考点分布合理，突出语境，强化语意，强调运用，难度适中，注重“新材料、新情景”的运用。具体分析如下：
一、考点分布合理，突出语境，强调运用
考点覆盖面广，考题涉及了考纲和新课标大部分语法项目，所有的热点、重点语法项目以及每个语法项目中的热点、重点都尽显其中。注重语法和词汇的交际运用，回归语言基础；突出重点：动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、各种从句出现的频率较高。尤其要引起考生重视的是动词、动词短语、各种习惯表达法及交际用语。如2010年天津卷的15个语法填
模块 1 │ 命题分析
空题中，与动词有关的有5个题。其中第10题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；第1题考查动词词义辨析；第11题考查动词短语辨析；第4题考查动词的时态；第12题考查非谓语动词。同时，严格遵循《英语课程标准》 “笔试应避免单纯语法知识题” 的要求，将语法规则和词汇考查与具体的语境相结合；体现交际，以口语对话和习惯用语等考查学生运用语言的能力。
二、注重“新情景、新材料”，体现交际性原则
依托“新情景、新材料”进行词汇和语法知识的考查是新课标地区英语命题的一大特色，这样更有利于考查考生运用所学的语言知识解决实际问题的能力。一些考生们
模块 1 │ 命题分析
所熟悉的热点、焦点事件，在新课标地区的考卷中都得到了很好的利用，比如：有关世博会的话题(福建卷21，天津卷10；江苏卷24)；有关洪灾的话题(天津卷12)；有关世界杯的话题(辽宁卷28)；有关电动汽车的话题(浙江卷15)；有关玉树地震的话题(福建卷25；江苏卷28)；有关冰岛火山喷发的话题(福建卷34)等等，将语法及词汇的考查融入到真实的语境中，体现了高考命题与时俱进的特点。
应试点睛
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
　　 在做语法填空题时，一定要完整地理解一个句子，也就是说要把题干读完。有时，最后一个词恰恰是解决问题的关键，特别是时态题，要对四个答案进行比较分析，并结合语境。如果是情景交际，一定要把两句话联系起来，不能孤立地对待每一个句子。只有结合语境，才能找到正确答案。只有通过全面、仔细的分析，从结构和功能、语境和语意等多角度作全方位的考虑，才能选出最佳答案。另外，如果碰到通过各种手段都不能解决的问题，不要着急，不能因为一道小题影响了其他题。具体方法阐述如下：
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
一、把握语境信息，理解命题意图
语境是指一定的语言环境。语法填空题所给的四个答案选项中往往不止一个答案在语法上是正确的，但只有一个答案符合试题所给的语境。能不能看破这个迷津，既取决于我们的理解能力，同时也与我们的文学修养有关。语法填空题的考查目的就是考查学生在特定语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。好的考题中的语境设置往往十分自然、巧妙，它要求我们选择的不只是正确答案，而是最佳答案，因为语法上正确的答案不一定是实际生活交际中最得体、最合适的答案。因此我们做题时，一定要找出字里行间中的隐含信息，全面考虑，准确地把握语境内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分，才能避免出错。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2010·天津] —Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
—________. How about next week
A．Good for you　　　　B．It won’t bother me
C．Not at all D．That’s OK
【解析】 D　考查交际用语。句意：“约翰逊教授，恐怕我这周完不成报告。 ”“没关系，下周怎么样？”根据后面的How about next week可以看出，Johnson教授已经确认这周完不成报告没关系，所以，用That’s OK。Not at all意为“不用谢”。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
二、注意英汉差别，克服定势干扰
英语和汉语的表达习惯不同，考生应注意对比两种语言，并注意中西方文化的差异、特定语言情景中的表达以及习惯用法。命题者往往利用思维定势的负迁移作用设置一些干扰性很强的选项。思维定势是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容，它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。思维定势是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2010·上海] That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
A．reducing B．to reduce
C．reduced D．reduce
【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth表示“做某事的途径、方式”；we can imagine作定语，前面省略了that。也就是说，不定式to reduce 不是imagine的宾语。本题易受思维定势“imagine doing sth.”的影响而误选A项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
三、注意标点符号，正确使用连词
语法填空题干中的标点符号对于我们选择正确答案起着相当重要的作用，准确理解标点符号所包含的隐藏信息，能够帮助我们选出正确答案，反之，对其忽略或视而不见，则往往使我们选错答案。这是因为，标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，其主要功能在于准确地记录语言，有助于确切的表达说话人的思想和理解对话双方的语言信息。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious ________ than mobile phones do.
A．one　　B．ones 　　C．it　　D．those
【解析】 B　考查代词的指代。破折号起了进一步解释说明的作用。破折号后面空缺的那个词语必须指代前面的某个词语，充当同位语。题中的ones 指代了破折号前面的problems。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
四、 剔除干扰信息， 理清句子结构
正确分析句子结构是解题的关键。对于一些结构比较复杂的试题，考生要善于分析、归纳和总结，以便准确把握命题者的命题思路。对于包含插入成分的句子，要抓住主句，排除冗余信息；对于特殊句型要学会进行句型转换。答题时要特别要留心一些由干扰信息所带来的障碍，如倒装句干扰、定语从句干扰、非正常语序和强调句干扰等。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2010·安徽] It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．where　　B．that　　C．when　　D．which
【解析】 B　本题考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。如果能很快发现that she had bought in the village其实是一个冗余成分，答案就一目了然了。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
五、补全省略成分， 充分理解语境
在语境试题中，命题者往往会根据上下文的语境故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补全省略部分，这样才能有助于排除干扰成分，选出正确答案。
【典例】 (　　)[2010·浙江] The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ regularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　考查if条件句中的省略情况。句意：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律地进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。当主、从句主语一致时，从句可以使用省略形式，即“连词＋v. ing/v. ed”形式。本句中if条件从句省略了it is，所以答案选C项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
六、识别相似句型，找准细微差异
易混句型是学习中的难点，也是高考中的重点，不但在语法填空题中出现，而且在短文改错和完形填空题中也有涉及。有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。例如：It ＋ be ＋ 时间段的用法，what 与that 引导主语从句的区别等，这些句型都要在平时学习中注意积累和归纳。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2010·四川] Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office.
A．since B．that C．when D．until
【解析】 C　考查状语从句。句意：因为交通阻塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句，正确答案为C。本题容易和强调句型混淆。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
七、还原题干结构，回归基本句型
通过改变原有句子的结构来增加单选题的难度，是命题者用常用的一种手段。解答这类试题，可采用“还原法”，即将改变后的句子还原为本来的面目。如：通过把结构复杂的题干转换成我们所熟悉的基本句型，就能打破思维定势，挖掘出题目的核心、考点，从而快速找到正确答案。具体方法如下：
1．把主从复合句还原为两个简单句；
2．把疑问句还原为陈述句；
3．把强调句结构还原为普通句式结构；
4．把倒装结构还原为正常结构；
5．把省略句补充完整；
6．把被动结构还原为主动结构等。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2008·福建] By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ________ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A．of which B．on which
C．from which D．above which
【解析】 D　考查定语从句的连词。将定语从句部分还原为简单句应该是这样的：a rare rainbow soon appeared above the top of Mount Qomolangma，罕见的彩虹出现在珠穆朗玛峰之巅。由此判断这里定语从句的连接词“介词＋which”结构中用above。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【举一反三】 (　　)Is this the farm ________ you visited last week
A．where B．the one
C．on which D．/
【解析】 D　命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
八、快速锁定“题眼”，轻松选择答案
“题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号，如：otherwise，but for, and 等具有提示作用的信息。一旦抓住了它们，就能准确把握命题者的意图，迅速找到突破口，从而找到正确答案。
此外，要坚持整理积累易错题，对错误进行思考、分析，找出原因，纠正错误，做到举一反三、触类旁通。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)[2009·福建] But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
【解析】 B　考查虚拟语气。由标志词But for可以看出，这里应该用虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，故句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might ＋ have done结构，故选B。
题型探究
模块 1 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　辨析型语法填空
词汇试题考查的重点一般在动词、名词、形容词、副词和介词的词义辨析以及由这些词所构成的词组及短语上。考查的难点一般是在特定的语境下考查形近词、同义词或近义词辨析和常用词组等，可谓“小语境”的完形填空或者完形填空的“前奏曲”。 要求考生理解题干和语境的含义，从词义各不相同的选项中选出形式和含义都符合题干的选项。选项及其搭配中都有其固定的基本含义， 其中有些还具有多种含义。因此，我们在平时的复习备考中，要全面掌握《考试大纲》中规定的词汇及词组的含义及用法。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
在解答该类型的题目时，要注意：
1．弄清楚四个词组或固定搭配的基本词义， 以便与题干中的语境对号入座；
2．细读题干， 明白语境， 在缺词的情况下初步推断题干的大致含义；
3．将初步选定的词组或固定搭配代入题干， 看其是否符合语法和逻辑， 如果符合， 则是正确答案；
4．注意词组和固定搭配的完整性， 不可望文生义。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　)[2010·江苏] —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You ________ have it by Friday.
A．could B．shall C．must D．may
【解析】 B　考查情态动词辨析。shall在主语为第二人称的句子中表示允诺，还可以表示强制、命令、威胁、警告，以及在法律条文中的要求或规定。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【归纳拓展】 从近几年的高考题来看，情态动词的特殊含义是考生失分较多的题目，比如，上一题中shall的用法。再如must，除了我们常见的意思“必须；一定”外，还可以表示与说话人相反的愿望或语气不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。注意：近几年must表示“偏偏，偏要”这一用法已成为高考的一个热点。如：John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour
此外，would还可以表示过去反复发生的动作或行为，意为“总是，习惯于”。 如：When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　)[2010·浙江] The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
【解析】 A　 考查词语辨析。由many之前的逗号和选项特征可知，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【变式训练】 (　　)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, and many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
【解析】 C　由many之前的and可以看出，这是两个并列的分句，代替前一个分句的nearly 1,000 people，所以要用them。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　逻辑推理型语法填空
有的语法填空题的题干比较复杂，有的为正确答案提供的关键点或暗示不明显；有的题干与选项之间的关系含糊不清、模棱两可。该类型的题目就应该通过逻辑推理来找出正确答案。这类试题旨在考查考生分析和解决问题的能力， 以及明辨事理、逻辑推断的能力。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例】 (　　)[2010·陕西] ________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．Seen B．Seeing
C．Having seen D．To see
【解析】 A　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，它和动词see构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，选A。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
　探究点三　语法结构型语法填空
从近几年的高考试题来看，这类试题主要考查学生对基础语法知识的掌握情况和基本运用能力，包括对各种从句的辨认和使用能力，对各种句型的识别和运用能力，对基本时态在特定语境中的运用能力，对非谓语动词的基本性能和特定用法的掌握和使用，以及对各种习惯搭配的含义和用法的综合把握和使用能力等。事实上，“语法结构类”试题往往仍被置于一定的语境中来考查，要求考生对语言的把握要准确、透彻，解题过程中要领会语境中的内涵。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
解此类题时，要注意题干中的省略现象、插入成分以及倒装现象等，防止解此类题时与常规的命题等量齐观，用常规的办法解答非常规的试题，即克服思维定势的负面影响，应该在明确属于哪类现象后，分别采用补全法、排除法和还原法等手段进行处理。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　)[2010·山东] Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A．would save B．saves
C．had saved D．has saved
【解析】 D　考查动词的时态。句意应为“到现在为止，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now“到现在为止”，是现在完成时态的标志。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　)[2010·北京] —The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.
A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t die
C．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died
【解析】 D　考查虚拟语气中对过去发生事情的虚拟。第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。“要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就会好得多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”过去没有下雨，所以蔬菜死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原，则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn’t have died.
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【归纳拓展】 对过去发生事情的虚拟句：If ＋ had done，主语＋couldn’t/shouldn’t/wouldn’t have done.
【典例3】 (　　)[2010·上海] I had great difficulty ________ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A．find B．found C．to find D．Finding
【解析】 D　考查句式结构。这里考查的是一个固定句式：have difficulty (in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。故选D。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
　探究点四　情景交际型语法填空
高考语法填空比较注重对语言交际能力的考查。此类试题通常以对话形式，考查学生对某个语境的理解和反应能力，所包含的通常都是日常生活中常用的， 而且多是课本中所学过的情境， 当然有时也不排除个别较为灵活的会话内容，如问候、介绍、祝愿、邀请、道歉、建议、购物、问路、打电话、看病、就餐等。要求考生须对西方文化和风俗习惯有所了解和把握，切忌选择“中文式”的交际选项。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
答题时，以下几点值得注意：
1．要重视语境理解， 然后根据选项和语境之间的逻辑关系推出答案。
2．答题时一定要把说话双方的内容完整地结合起来理解， 切忌望文生义， 或者断章取义。
3．有的题干或选项可能会采用省略现象， 必须先弄清楚被省略的成分后再选答案。
4．有的口语说法完全来源于英语国家人们的语言习惯，是约定俗成的。做这样的题一定要根据英语国家人们的语言表达习惯来答题。不要受中文语言习惯的干扰。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　)[2010·天津] —Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me
—Sure. ________？
A．What help B．What is this
C．What is it D．What do you want
【解析】 C　考查交际用语。句意：“劳驾，你能帮帮我吗？”“好的，什么事？”第一个人询问是否可以帮忙，从第二个人的回答Sure可以知道他愿意，所以接着应该问具体是什么事，用What is it？表示 “什么事？”
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　)[2010·江苏] —I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.
—Why not consult with Frank You see, ________.
A．great minds think alike
B．two heads are better than one
C．a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
D．it’s better to think twice before doing
something
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 B　本题考查谚语。 答语的前半部分意为：为什么不向Frank咨询一下呢？由此可以看出：所选的句子应该是对为什么这样做的解释，由此可以看出， B项所说的“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”符合语境。 A 意为“英雄所见略同”；C项意为“一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林”；D项意为“三思而后行”。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 (　　)[2010·山东] —Her father is very rich.
—________ She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
A．What for B．So what
C．No doubt. D．No wonder.
【解析】 B　考查交际英语在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“她父亲非常富裕。”“那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。”表示“那又怎么样？”用“So what？” What for表示“为了什么”；No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”；No wonder 表示“毫不奇怪”。
专题一　名词与冠词
专题 一 │ 名词与冠词
专题导读
专题 一 │ 专题导读
名词主要考查名词词义辨析、名词的数及“可数”与“不可数”、名词与其他词组成固定搭配、冠词的语意和规则。为了增加知识覆盖面和试题的难度，冠词题经常设两个空。从近几年命题来看有重语意表达轻规则记忆的特点，提高了对学生语境理解的要求。复习时应关注冠词使用的一些特定的场合，解题时要注意从情景语意入手，合理使用规则。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·安徽] I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A．hearing　　　　　　B．strength
C．recognition D．measure
C　考查介词与名词搭配。句意为：“Sara是小孩子的时候我见过，后来就没见过她，她变得让人认不出来了”。 beyond recognition变得认不出来；beyond measure非常，极其。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·江西] Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number
C．amount D．quantity
A　考查名词词义辨析。此处表示“平均每年40000人(拿到驾照)”。average平均；number数字；amount数量；quantity数量。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
A　relief表示“用药后病情的缓解。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·湖北] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
C　考查名词词义辨析。range名词，这里表示“一系列”。例如：The library has ranges of books in perfect order.这个图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。这里表示食物种类繁多。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·浙江] The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct ________.
A．solution B．target
C．measure D．function
A　本题考查名词。根据句意：学校的咨询师会帮助你讨论你的问题，但是他们不会给直接的解决办法(solution)。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·福建] It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/; a B．a; /
C．the; a D．a; the
B　句意为：“去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一种非常好的感觉。”feeling，“感觉”，可数名词，“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念，用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐，欢乐”，不可数名词，故用零冠词。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·山东] If we sit near ________ front of the bus, we’ll have ________ better view.
A．/; the B．/; a
C．the; a D．the; the
C　根据句意可知我们坐在公共汽车内部的前面，所以应用the front of；短语have a view表示“观看，眺望”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·江苏] The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu.
A．/; a B．/; the
C．the; a D．the; the
A　本题考查冠词辨析。people from all walks of life 是固定短语，表示“各行各业的人们”，表泛指，故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰，且表示“一”的概念，故用不定冠词。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·辽宁] There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ________ earth.
A．the; the B．/; the
C．the; / D．a; the
B　考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词；第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58000的岩状物体，其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·北京] First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a; the B．the; the
C．a; a D．the; a
C　本题考查冠词。第一空表示“再一次，又一次”，序数词在此不表示顺序，其前用不定冠词a/an；第二空表示“一次第一印象”，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.The theme of Expo 2010 was “Better City, Better Life”， representing ________ common wish of the whole humankind for ________ better living in future urban environments.
A．the; a B．a; a
C．/; the D．the; /
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A　考查冠词的用法。句意为：2010年世博会的主题是： Better City, Better Life，描绘了人们对于未来一种更美好的城市生活环境的共同愿望。第一空后面的介词短语of the whole humankind 是定语，因此前面的common wish是特指，用定冠词；第二空指“一种更好的生活”，表泛指，用不定冠词。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Nowadays it is difficult for people to find ________ work because ________ economic situation in world is very serious.
A．/; an B．/; the
C．the; the D．a; /
B　考查冠词的用法。work是不可数名词，表泛指，所以第一空不用冠词；第二空特指“世界经济形势”，故用定冠词the。句意为：因为严峻的经济形势，现在人们找工作已经很困难了。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.In 2008，I went to South Africa. When I first set foot on________ strange land, I didn’t know what the future had in ________ store for me.
A．the; / B．the; the
C．/; a D．the; a
A　考查冠词。the strange land指代South Africa；have sth in store for sb意为“即将发生在某人身上；有……等着某人”。句意为：2008年我来到了南非。当我第一次踏上这块神奇的土地时，我不知道等待我的是什么。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Anyone in mind for this position What about Jack
—He may be a good friend，but business is business.He is not ________ man for ________ job.
A．a; a B．the; the
C．a; the D．the; a
C　考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指的概念，因此用不定冠词；第二空是特指“这份工作”，用定冠词。故答案是C。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A new research suggests cutting ________ global warming pollution would not only make ________ planet healthier, but also make people healthier.
A．the; a B．/; /
C．/; the D．the; the
C　考查冠词的用法。global warming pollution是泛指概念，不用冠词；the planet特指地球，用定冠词。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.Now an increasing number of middle school students go abroad for further study at their own ________， trying hard to realize their dreams.
A．price B．cost
C．expense D．pay
C　考查固定搭配。at one’s expense意为“由某人支付费用”。句意为：现在，越来越多的中学生自费出国深造，努力实现他们的梦想。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Nowadays, many people walk to work in ________ to the Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
A．relation B．response
C．addition D．opposition
B　考查名词辨析。in response to对……作出反应，响应。句意为：现在，许多人步行上班来响应哥本哈根会议的呼吁，即过低碳生活以应对全球变暖。relation联系； addition增添，添加；opposition反对。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Seeing the happy ________of children playing together there, I’ll full of joy and hope for the future of our country.
A．scene B．sign
C．sense D．view
A　考查名词辨析。scene 意为“场面，场景”。句意为：看到孩子们在一块玩耍的场景，我满怀喜悦，憧憬着我们国家美好的未来。sign意为“标记，符号”； sense意为“感觉”； view意为“观点，风景”，均不符合语境。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn’t have ________ to immediate rescue.
A．access B．admission
C．approach D．attention
A　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：许多人在海地地震中丧生了，因为他们没法得到及时的援助。have access to表示“有机会获得”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.A new study shows that if your friends and family get fat, ________are that you will too.
A．situations B．facts
C．chances D．possibilities
C　考查名词辨析。该题要利用固定搭配确定答案。chances are that…为固定搭配，意为“可能……”。句意为：一项新的研究表明，如果你的朋友和家人变胖，你也可能变胖。
专题二　代词
专题 二 │ 代词
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
代词考点主要集中在替代词、指示代词和不定代词的掌握上。在复习中要注意熟练掌握one/ones; that/those; 以any/every/no 开头的不定代词的运用，尤其是这些不定代词的特殊用法。同时还要注意it的用法：it除了作代词外，还可构成强调句结构；有时，考查它在特定句型中作形式主语、形式宾语的用法。所以对it的用法必须全面掌握。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·福建] When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ________ for me
A．everything　　　　 B．anything
C．something D．nothing
C　考查代词。根据句意：“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？”something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·江西] Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
C　考查不定代词用法。句意：没有什么东西能像游泳一样可以作为一种健身方式。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age.
A．it　　B．that　　C．what　　D．one
D　代词one表示泛指(a/an ＋n.)，代词that表示特指(the ＋n.)，本题代词one表示a habit。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·陕西] The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
A．that B．this C．it D．one
A　本题考查代词。that 被用来替代 the cost of renting a house。在英语中，that 被用来替代同一类事物。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·上海] If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ________.
A．themselves B．them
C．us D．ourselves
D　本题考查反身代词。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。depend on oneself自力更生。根据句意选D。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·四川] On my desk is a photo that my father took of ________ when I was a baby.
A．him B．his C．me D．mine
C　考查代词词义辨析。作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·浙江] ________ that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A．One B．All
C．Everything D．Anything
B　本题考查代词。根据句意：所有(all)重要的是你尽力了而且朝着正确的方向前进。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·重庆] He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________of them again.
A．neither B．either C．each D．all
B　考查代词词义辨析。这里用never…either表示“两者都不”，相当于…and found neither of them again.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·安徽] You are the team star! Working with ________is really your cup of tea.
A．both B．either C．others D．the other
C　考查代词用法。 sb’s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他的”，后不接名词。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that C．one D．it
D　考查代词用法辨析。it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.I haven’t read ________ of the articles carefully, but I find that there is a striking similarity between them.
A．each B．either C．any D．all
B　考查代词。根据but和between them可判断，“我”两篇文章都没有认真阅读。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.—How much salt did you put in the soup
—________. I’m terribly sorry that I forgot.
A．Nothing B．None C．Little D．No
B　考查代词的用法。以how much或how many开头的特殊疑问句的否定回答，一般用none，表示“一点儿(一个)也没有”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Have you got any books on English grammar I’d like to borrow ________.
—Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.
A．it B．one C．some D．any
B　考查不定代词。由答语中的it得知所借的书为一本。句意为“您有英语语法书吗？我想借一本。”选one，相当于a book。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Which share shall I take
—You can take ________half. They are exactly the same.
A．this B．any C．each D．either
D　考查不定代词。从half可知是两半，意思是“你可以拿任意一半”，用either。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—Some people often shout at each other in public.
—Yes. I really hate ________.
A．that B．them C．this D．it
D　考查代词的用法。这里it指的是上一句所说的some people often shout at each other in public这一现象，所以要用it。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ sold to his brother.
A．one B．another C．the one D．which
C　考查代词的用法。the one和only one painting是同位关系，后面的sold是过去分词作定语表被动。据说梵·高一生中只成功地卖出了一幅画，就是卖给他兄弟的那幅。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但后空后缺少谓语，排除D项。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ was sold to his brother.
A．one B．another C．the one D．which
D　考查代词的用法。注意该题和上一题只有一个单词的差别，但是答案却相差千里。这里引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替指物的先行词，并在从句中作主语，所以用which。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.His advertisement income this year is about $36 million, over three times ________of last year.
A．that B．what C．those D．ones
A　考查that作代词的用法。句中是将今年的广告收入和去年的广告收入作对比，that指advertisement income。句子意思为“他今年的广告收入是3600万美元，是去年的三倍。”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Do you know what people are saying about you
—Of course I know. But ________ is true, and I don’t care.
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．none
D　表示没有上文中提到的人或物，用none。 本题none指代none of what people are saying about me。
专题三　形容词与副词
专题 三 │ 形容词与副词
专题导读
专题 三 │ 专题导读
形容词、副词的考查主要集中在比较级、在具体的语境中形容词和副词的词义辨析、表语形容词问题以及习惯搭配问题。此外，语用结构比较特殊情况的考查也日臻热化。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·湖北] In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.
A．private B. personal
C. unique D. different
B　考查形容词词义辨析。从语境上理解是表示“给予个人的(personal)观点”。private表示“私人的”，unique表示“独一无二”，different表示“不同的”。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·江西] Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ________and more ________， have reduced the need for face to face communications.
A．easily; efficient B．easier; efficient
C．easy; efficiently D．easily; efficiently
B　考查形容词用法。使役动词make后接形容词作宾语补足语，此处意为“计算机和手机使得我们的生活更轻松、更高效”。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth
C．flexible D．complex
C　根据句意“制定灵活的(flexible)计划以便照料孩子”可知选C。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·上海] It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ________journey.
A．three hour B．a three hours
C．a three hour D．three hours
C　此题考查复合形容词“数词＋连字符＋名词”的用法。连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。此处意为“三个小时的路程”。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·安徽] ________， she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A．Shy and cautious
B．Sensitive and thoughtful
C．Honest and confident
D．Lighthearted and optimistic
D　形容词短语作状语，表示原因，相当于Since/As she is lighthearted and optimistic 。句意为：她心胸豁达、乐观，总是通过微笑把阳光传给人们。 形容词短语可以在句中作状语，表示原因，放在句首；表示伴随情况，放在句后。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·福建] —Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.
A．naturally B．successfully
C．splendidly D．increasingly
D　考查副词辨析。根据第一句句意：志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎，可知D项正确。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·辽宁] Jim went to answer the phone.________， Harry started to prepare lunch.
A．However B．Nevertheless
C．Besides D．Meanwhile
D　考查副词用法。前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。句意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·湖北] Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A．favourable B．precious
C．essential D．worthwhile
D 　考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意“错误不是偶然发生的，它是由于某个原因才发生的，找到这个原因，使犯错误变得有价值”。favourable表示“赞成的，有利的”；precious表示“珍贵”；essential表示“必要的”；worthwhile值得的。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·全国Ⅱ] Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________.
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
B　考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级，表示“没有比……更……的”。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·浙江] I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ________and more reliable than television.
A．accurate B．ridiculous
C．urgent D．shallow
A　本题考查形容词。根据and提示，可知此空应该是和reliable一样的表示褒义的形容词，由此可知答案为A：精确的。
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.The Expo site was ________ from anywhere in the city of Shanghai within 90 minutes by buses, subways or special taxis.
A．adoptable B．acceptable
C．available D．accessible
D　考查形容词词义辨析。accessible容易到达的，可进入的。句意为：无论乘公共汽车、地铁或世博会专属出租车，从上海的任何地方90分钟内都可以到达世博会。adoptable可采用的，可收养的；acceptable可接受的；available可用的，可获得的。根据语意可知D项正确。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.From chips in fast restaurants to candy in supermarkets, junk food always seems ________.
A．abrupt B．absurd
C．available D．absent
C　考查形容词词义辨析。available可得到的，能买到的。句意为：从快餐店的炸薯条到超市的糖果，垃圾食品似乎总能买得到。故C项正确。abrupt意外的，突然的；absurd荒唐的，可笑的；absent缺席的。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Going to work today, Brenda
—No. It’s my day ________ today.
A．out B．in C．away D．off
D　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：“Brenda，今天去上班吗？”“不，我今天休息。”由第二句中的No可以得知，说话人今天不上班，所以选off。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.No ready technical data was ________，but we managed to go without.
A．believable B．convenient
C．available D．accessible
C　考查形容词辨析。believable可相信的；convenient方便的；available可找到的，可获得的；accessible可接近的，可使用的，其用法为sth be accessible to sb。句意为：虽然没有现成的资料，但是我们仍然努力去做。故选C项。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.We tend to travel with a material understanding of happiness— ________， the better the surroundings, the weather and the food are, the happier we will be.
A．what’s more B．as usual
C．in fact D．that is
D　考查短语辨析。语意：我们总是带着对幸福的物质理解去旅行，也就是说：环境、天气和食物越好，我们就越幸福。 that is意为“也就是，即”，符合语意。what’s more“另外，而且”；as usual“像往常一样”；in fact“事实上”。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.—The test was hard
—Exactly. It was so hard that I ________ failed.
A．almost B．most
C．mostly D．hardly
A　考查副词的用法。almost表示“几乎”的意思；在否定句中常用hardly。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Although this movie is based on past events, it is not ________ accurate.
A．currently B．perfectly
C．historically D．extremely
C　考查副词辨析。句意为：虽然这部电影以过去事件为基础，却不完全符合历史事实。historically“历史上，历史地”，符合语意。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.________ limited to researchers at universities and government departments, the Internet has now become worldwide network available to users all over the world.
A．Practically B．Originally
C．Specifically D．Generally
B　考查副词辨析。对比句子中的时间可知，此处应当说明因特网刚刚开始时的情况，因此用originally“原来，起初”，符合逻辑。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Now that you like the MP5 players very much, why don’t you get one
—Well. I’d like to, but I can’t afford ________MP5 player at present.
A．a such expensive B．that expensive an
C．that an expensive D．so cheap an
B　考查that的特殊用法。that作副词用时，意思和用法与so 相同，所以当that和冠词、形容词一起放在名词前时，其结构应该是“that＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词”。
专题四　动词与动词短语
专题 四 │ 动词与动词短语
专题导读
专题 四 │ 专题导读
动词与动词短语的考查主要集中在一些活跃的动词与副词构成的短语意义的掌握上，复习时应充分关注 take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in 等副词组合成的短语词义的复习。动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的掌握上，要求学生熟练掌握一些高频动词的词义和搭配。此外，从近几年新课标地区的试题情况来看，动词与动词短语的熟词新义在具体语境中的运用也应高度重视。
真题再现
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·天津] He telephoned the travel agency to ________ three air tickets to London.
A．order　　　　　 B．arrange
C．take D．book
D　考查动词辨析。 book 或reserve表示“预定”的意思。“订票”为book tickets。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·辽宁] The new movie ________to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.
A．promises B．agrees
C．pretends D．declines
A　考查动词词义辨析。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，赞同”；pretend是“假装”；decline是“减少，衰退”。只有promises符合题意。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Your house is always so neat—how do you ________ it with three children
A．manage B．serve
C．adapt D．construct
A　根据句意“有三个孩子(捣乱)，你怎么能把家整理得如此好？”可知选A。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·福建] —In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two ________.
A．linked B．related
C．connected D．combined
D　考查动词辨析。第二句意思为：“我非常赞同。让这两件事情相结合是非常好的。”have sth. done.意为“使某事被做”。linked“相联系的”；related“有关的”；connected“相连接的”；combined“使结合，联合”。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·湖北] Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ________ his personality.
A．resembles B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
C　考查动词词义辨析。句意“由一个人的穿着、饮食、交友以及住房可以反映一个人的个性”。resemble “像”；strengthen “加强”；reflect“反映”；shape表示“形成”。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·安徽] —How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest, his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
A　考查动词词义以及与介词的搭配。句意为：“你认为昨晚Nick的演出怎么样？”“说实话，他的演唱不能吸引我。” appeal to有吸引力，引起兴趣；belong to属于；refer to指，谈及，涉及；occur to发生。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·江西] Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
A　考查动词词义辨析。attach importance to是固定搭配，表示“重视；看重”。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·江苏] The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A．found out B．pointed out
C．ruled out D．carried out
C　本题考查动词短语辨析。find out表示“查明、发现”；point out表示“指出”；carry out表示“执行”，均不符合语境，故排除。rule out表示“排除(可能性)”，符合语境。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·辽宁] Thousands of people ________ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
D　考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“出席，在场”的意思；而turn on 则是“打开”；turn in有“上床睡觉， 上缴，向内拐”等意思；turn around是“转身，翻转”的意思。故只有turn out 符合语境。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·浙江] After that, he knew he could ________ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with
C．get through D．get across
C　本题考查动词词组辨析。根据句意：之后，他知道他能度过(get through)任何危机。A，携带……而逃；B，与……友好相处，继续干；D，使……被理解，均不符合语境，故排除。
专题预测
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.—Oh, my dear, why did you eat so little
—If I gain any more weight, I shan’t be able to ________ my clothes.
A．mix with B．go with
C．fit into D．get along
C　考查动词短语。句意为：假如我的体重还要增加，我就穿不进我的衣服了。fit强调形状和尺寸适合，合身，符合题意。mix with“混和，掺和，融合”；go with“接受，相配”；get along “相处，进行”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Now many university students are modelled on the Western lifestyle, choosing high calories fast food, which ________ diabetes(糖尿病) rising among them.
A．results from B．accounts for
C．calls for D．arises from
B　考查动词短语辨析。result from“由……引起”；account for“解释，是……的原因”；call for“需要”；arise from“由……引起”。diabetes rising among them(大学生患糖尿病的人数上升)是结果，所以选B。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Hi，Lucy. Could you ________ the clothes here while we are swimming
—With pleasure.
A．watch over B．watch out
C．look over D．look out
A　考查动词短语辨析。watch over照看。句意为：打扰一下，在我们游泳的时候您能帮我们照看一下衣服吗？watch out小心；look over仔细检查；look out小心。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.I don’t know where my children have ________ those rude words.
A．picked up B．taken up
C．put up D．made up
A　考查动词短语辨析。pick up在这里表示“无意中学会”。句意为：我不知道我的孩子们在哪儿学来的那些粗话。 take up开始从事； put up举起，搭起；make up虚构，编造。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—What field will your son go into after graduation from Tsinghua University
—I’m not quite certain, but he ________ a good teacher of English.
A．promises B．becomes
C．makes D．proves
A　考查动词词义辨析。promise表示“很可能/有希望(成为)”。 句意为：“你儿子清华大学毕业后要进入哪个行业？”“我也不太确定，但是他有望成为一名好的英语教师。”become表示“变成，成为”；make表示“成为”；prove表示“证明”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.In view of all sorts of rumors and guesses, experts carried out some careful and scientific research and ________ the possibility of a second earthquake in this area.
A．blamed B．discounted
C．attended D．charged
B　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：考虑到各种谣言和猜疑，专家们进行了认真、科学的调查，并且否定了在这个地区再一次发生地震的可能性。blame谴责； discount折扣，否认； attend参加； charge管理，负责，要价，控告。所以本题选择B项合适。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiment, you should ________ your findings in logical order and clear language.
A．write B．raise
C．present D．put
C　考查动词词义辨析。C项意为“呈现”。句意为：在实验科学报告的准备中，你应该把你的发现用清楚的语言和合乎逻辑的顺序呈现出来。A项意为“写”；B项意为“升起，使出现”；D项意为“放”，均不符合语境。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Though there were too many people in the waiting room, I had no difficulty ________ my friend, Jane, a pretty model.
A．making up B．picking out
C．setting out D．picking up
B　考查动词短语辨析。B项意为“分辨出，辨认出”，符合题意。句意为：尽管等候室里有很多人，我仍然毫不费力地认出了我的朋友珍妮，一位漂亮的模特。A项意为“弥补，虚构”；C项意为“开始，启程”；D项意为“捡起，偶然获得”，均不符合语境。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.Stella was disappointed to find her new plan ________and fell into great depression.
A．put away B．carried out
C．turned down D．left out
C　本题考查动词短语辨析。从后面的depression看出，她的新计划应该是失败了或遇到挫折，所以选turned down。句意为：Stella很失望地发现她的新计划被拒绝了，感到很失落。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.The teacher just outlined his main idea，for these bright children were quick to ________.
A．catch on B．go ahead
C．make up D．find out
A　考查动词短语辨析。catch on 意思是“理解”。句意为：老师只说了大意，因为这些聪明的孩子很快就理解了。go ahead继续；make up虚构，编造，弥补；find out 找出，查明。
专题五　连词与介词
专题 五 │连词与介词
专题导读
专题 五 │ 专题导读
连词的考查主要集中在简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查上，主要是对连词的选择与使用上，如：and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。除了要熟记各种特定句型外，牢记各种连接词和关联词的用法就显得更为重要。解题时应从上下句的逻辑关系入手。介词是英语语言中最活跃的词类，其内容复杂，搭配繁多，用法灵活。每一个介词都可以用来表达多种不同的含义，而且又无规律可循。因此，掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。复习时应注意如下几点：1.介词或介词短语词义辨析；2.意义相同或相近，但使用范围不同的介词； 3.介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。
真题再现
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·上海] Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree lined avenue for two hours every day.
A．between　B．along C．below　D．with
B　考查介词的用法。根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯”。表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·天津] My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A．by B．on C．for D．against
D　考查介词。warn sb.of/against sth.表示警告某人某事要/不要干某事。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·浙江] I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
C　本题考查介词短语。根据句意：我想我们之前谈论过这个的，但是保不准(just in case, 以防万一)我还会再问的。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·福建] More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
C　考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，城市中已经建造了越来越多的高层建筑。”in search of“寻找……”；in place of“代替，替代”；for lack of意为“因……缺乏，短缺”；for fear of“担心，害怕”。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·湖北] It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A．in preference to B．in place of
C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
D　考查介词短语辨析。根据句意“对公务员来说，以给人们好处来索要礼物或金钱是违法的”，in exchange for在这里表示“交换”。in preference to “而不是”；in place of “代替”；in agreement with“符合，一致”。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·四川] Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
A．in B．below C．beside D．against
D　考查介词词义辨析。背靠着树睡着了，against表示“倚，靠”。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·江苏] So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from
C．out of D．due to
B　本题考查介词短语。far from意为“远未， 绝非， 决不”，其后可接名词、动名词、形容词等。短语next to(在……旁边、仅次于)、out of(在……之外)、due to(由于、因为)，后经常跟名词、代词或动名词，且意思也均不符合语境，故排除。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·北京] Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden They are ________ everyone’s enjoyment.
A．in B．at C．for D．to
C　本题考查介词。根据句子意思“这些花是让每个人欣赏的”，可知用for表示目的。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·重庆] The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ________ me.
A．by B．for C．in D．with
D　考查介词词义辨析。介词with在这里表示“随身携带”。本句表示身上带的钱不够买词典。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·江西] Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.
A．of B．as C．by D．with
C　考查介词习惯用法。by name按名字叫。句意：现在一些医院提到病人叫名字而不是病例号。
专题预测
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Unable to work at a steady job ________a terminal illness, he decided to volunteer at the local children center.
A．at the cost of B．as a result of
C．in case of D．at the risk of
B　考查介词短语辨析。a terminal illness是构成不能做稳定工作的原因，故用as a result of“由于……”。句意为：因为患不治之症，他不能做稳定的工作，所以决定在当地儿童中心做志愿工作。at the cost of“以……为代价”；in case of“假使，万一”；at the risk of“冒着……的危险”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Jack has only been working for three months, so, ________ experience, he will have difficulty finishing the task alone.
A．in sight of B．instead of
C．for lack of D．ahead of
C　考查介词短语辨析。 for lack of“因缺乏……”。句意为：杰克才开始工作了三个月，经验尚不足，所以让他独立完成这项任务是有困难的。in sight of“看见”； instead of“代替”； ahead of “在……前面”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.Don’t give up regardless of difficulty and failure ________ you’ll never achieve your goals.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
C　考查连词。祈使句＋and(那么)/or(否则)，注意后面的句子通常是一般将来时。句意为：无论困难还是失败你都不能放弃，否则你就永远实现不了目标。故选C。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.The emission of carbon dioxide has been greatly cut ________ the efforts made by the local government.
A．in spite of B．on account of
C．regardless of D．in terms of
B　考查介词短语。on account of由于，因为。由于当地政府的努力，二氧化碳的排放减少了许多。in spite of不管，尽管；regardless of不管，不顾；in terms of就……而言。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.________ these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.
A．Except for B．Apart from
C．But for D．Other than
C　考查介词短语。but for意思是“如果没有，要不是……”，该短语用于虚拟语气。except for“除……之外”；apart from“除……之外”；other than“除……之外”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.My grandfather’s small garden is full of blossoming flowers in spring, which are beautiful ________ words.
A．beyond B．within C．without D．over
A　考查介词。beyond words无法用语言形容。句意为：在春天我爷爷的小花园里鲜花盛开，美景难以用语言描绘。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Outwardly, she seemed confident but ________ she felt extremely nervous.
A．in turn B．in return
C．in reality D．in time
C　考查介词短语。句意为：表面上看她很自信，事实上她极度紧张。in reality “事实上”，符合语意。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Though she has met with many difficulties, she still sticks ________ the research aimed ________ protecting wild birds.
A．in; to B．out; at
C．on; in D．with; at
D　考查介词。 stick with持续，坚持；(be)aimed at意为“目的是……”，是过去分词短语作定语，修饰research。句意为：尽管她遇到了很多困难，但她仍然坚持保护野生鸟类的研究。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.You can’t borrow books from the school library ________ you get your student card.
A．before B．if C．while D．as
A　考查连词。根据语境应该是“在……之前”。句意为：在没有办好学生证前，你是不能在学校图书馆借阅图书的。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.Putting the worries out of her mind，Mary turned her efforts ________ the evening meal.
A．toward B．beyond C．off D．inside
A　考查介词。turn to/toward是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)转向……”。符合句意。
专题六　非谓语动词
专题 六 │非谓语动词
专题导读
专题 六 │ 专题导读
非谓语动词是高中英语学习的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点。不仅语法填空中，而且许多主观题中都经常出现。命题热点多集中在一些常用动词及特殊动词后的非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及动词的 ing形式)，非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立主格结构的使用，以及非谓语动词作状语时与逻辑主语一致性原则。解题过程中要紧紧把握谓语动词和其逻辑主语的主被动关系以及时间先后，来确定非谓语动词的形式。
真题再现
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·上海] Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________with her stories.
A．amused　　　　　　B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
A　本题考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb/sth＋done。根据句意，sb与它后面的动词构成被动关系，故选A。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·安徽] He had a wonderful childhood, ________with his mother to all corners of the world.
A．travel B．to travel
C．traveled D．traveling
D　考查非谓语动词。句意为：他有着美好的童年，跟母亲到过世界各地。He与travel为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·湖南] Listen! Do you hear someone ________ for help
A．calling B．call
C．to call D．called
A　考查非谓语动词。该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·湖南] Dina，________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled
C．having struggled D．to struggle
C　考查非谓语动词。该空分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B。由句中的finally可知非谓语动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式，即选C。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·全国Ⅱ] Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising B．was surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
C　考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。从句的完整形式是Though he was surprised to see us。此处省略与主句一致的主语和be动词。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·江西] There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________.
A．to discover B．to be discovered
C．discovered D．being discovered
B　考查非谓语动词用法。waiting to be discovered表示“等待被发现”。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·山东] I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A．completing B．to complete
C．completed D．being completed
B　根据动词短语have sth. to do，且本句有时间状语the end of this term，所以选B。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·天津] It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
C
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·北京] I’m calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertising D．having advertised
A　本题考查分词作定语。中心词the position 和 advertise 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态；the position已经被登广告，故用过去分词。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·陕西] His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
B　本题考查分词作定语。根据His first book和publish之间构成动宾关系，排除C选项，根据时间next month只能选B。
专题预测
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.The theme park attracts many visitors every year, ________ in a great deal of money for the city.
A．brought　　　　　　B．to bring
C．bringing D．and bringing
C　考查非谓语动词。bring 与其逻辑主语the theme park是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。句意为：每年这个主题公园都吸引大量的参观者，为这个城市带来很大一笔收入。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.After suffering a heart attack, Michael Jackson was pronounced dead, ________ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A．to mark B．marking
C．marked D．having marked
B　考查非谓语动词。句意为：心脏病发作后，迈克尔·杰克逊被宣告死亡，标志着世界上最受欢迎的流行歌星的悲惨结局。marking是现在分词作结果状语。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Mary, why do you look so worried
—With so much homework ________， I’m in a difficult situation.
A．finished
B．remained to finish
C．being finished
D．remaining to be finished
D　考查非谓语动词的用法。由题干中“worried”，“a difficult situation”可以看出，答话者应该有很多作业要做，所以要选择D项。A项表示已经完成；B项finish语态错误；C项中的finish不能用于进行时。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.The Indian Ocean tsunami at the end of 2004 is believed ________ more than 160,000 people and made millions homeless, ________ it perhaps the most destroying tsunami in history.
A．to kill; making
B．having killed; to make
C．to have killed; making
D．killing; made
专题 六 │ 专题预测
C　考查非谓语动词的用法。由语境可知，kill已经结束，这里强调的是结果，所以应该用完成时形式；第二空作结果状语，和其逻辑主语是主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。句意为：发生在2004年的印度洋海啸被认为造成了16万人遇难，数百万人无家可归，成为了有史以来破坏性最强的海啸。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.Our school library is spread over 4 floors, with the first floor ________ as the reading room.
A．acted B．to act
C．acting D．to be acted
C　考查非谓语动词。此处是with构成的复合结构，其中名词 the first floor和动词act构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词acting。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ________ a room with others.
A．to share B．share
C．to have shared D．sharing
B　考查would rather…than的用法。would rather do sth than do sth为固定结构，意为“宁愿……而不……”，因此应该选择B项。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A．Convinced B．Convincing
C．Having convinced D．To convince
A　考查非谓语动词。本句主语people和动词convince构成动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作原因状语。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Is this fridge ________ you wish to have ________？
A．the one; it repaired B．that; repaired it
C．the one; repaired D．which; repaired it
C　考查句式结构以及have sth done的用法。把原句变为陈述句就会发现后面的定语从句缺少先行词，所以第一空应该用the one，定语从句中省略了作宾语的引导词that/which，构成have sth done结构(即冰箱是被人修的)，故选C项。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Could you introduce me a high quality car
—My pleasure.________ well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.
A．Handled B．To handle
C．Handling D．Being handled
C　考查非谓语动词的用法。空格前省略了逻辑主语this kind of car, handle well在这里是主动表被动，所以用现在分词形式作原因状语。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.The Person of the Year is not always a person. “The Chinese Worker” ranked the second on the list as the only group ________ last year.
A．to name B．named
C．naming D．names
B　考查非谓语动词。此处考查的是非谓语动词，group与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词named。
专题七　情态动词与
虚拟语气
专题 七 │情态动词与虚拟语气
专题导读
专题 七 │ 专题导读
情态动词的一般用法以及特殊用法、表猜测的情态动词以及情态动词与完成时的运用是学生掌握的重点和难点。解题时要深刻体会说话者的情感态度，准确把握说话者的语气，结合情景做出合理判断。
虚拟语气的考点主要集中在：混合时间的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句以及在名词性从句中使用的虚拟语气。
真题再现
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·安徽] Jack described his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man.
A．would be　　　　　B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
D　考查情态动词。句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·天津] —John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A．should tell B．tells 　
　C．told　　 D．had told
D　虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。条件句用过去完成时表示。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·江苏] George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
B　本题考查虚拟语气。would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·山东] I ________ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t
C．couldn’t D．mustn’t
A　shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)”。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·天津] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn’t B．wouldn’t
C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
A　needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·北京] —Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You ________ be Mrs. Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
B　本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·湖南] If he ________ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A．followed B．should follow
C．had followed D．would follow
C　考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·全国Ⅰ] Just be patient.You ________expect the world to change so soon.
A．can’t B．needn’t
C．may not D．will not
A　考查情态动词的用法。can’t表示“不可能”，语气强烈。
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·江西] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will
A　考查情态动词用法辨析。句意为：我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？
专题 七 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·辽宁] Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ________ be regular exercise.
A．can B．will C．must D．may
C　考查情态动词。can一般表示“可能，能够”；will表示“将要”；may表示“许可，可能”；must表示“必须”。句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。
专题预测
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.According to the new standards, design of electric bikes ________ weigh over 40kg and travel at a speed more than 20km per hour but less than 50km per hour.
A．can B．should C．may D．will
B　考查情态动词。句意为：根据新标准，电动自行车的设计应该重达40多公斤，时速大于每小时20公里，但不超过每小时50公里。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.—Where is Tom I can’t find him. His mother is waiting for him outside.
—He ________the Internet in the computer classroom.
A．might have surfed B．must have surfed
C．must surf D．must be surfing
D　考查情态动词的用法。由语境可知，答语中省略了时间状语now，由此可以看出，应选D项。句意为：他一定正在微机室上网。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—How I regret to say that I ________have shouted at you the other day!
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A．mightn’t B．mustn’t
C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t
D　由第一句话以及第二句话的“Forget it”可知，第一个人是在道歉，也就是说他后悔做了不该做的事情。shouldn’t have done sth表示“做了本不该做的事”，故选D。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—I heard the phone ringing in the office next door.
—You ________ it. They haven’t got a phone yet.
A．couldn’t hear B．couldn’t have heard
C．didn’t hear D．wouldn’t have heard
B　考查猜测的表达。由第一句的heard可以看出，这是对过去情况的猜测；既然“They haven’t got a phone yet”，那么听到电话声也就不可能了，所以要用couldn’t have done。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—How long will it take you to fix my watch
—I’ll call you when it is ready, but it ________ take longer than a week.
A．mustn’t B．hadn’t
C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
C　考查情态动词。句意为：修好后我就给你打电话，但是应该不会长于一周。shouldn’t“应该不会”，符合题意。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.To tell the truth, I would rather that I ________ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.
A．took B．had taken
C．have taken D．should have taken
B　考查虚拟语气。句意为：说实话，我宁愿代替你的痛苦，你不知道我那时多担心。…would rather (that) ＋ 主语＋ had done…表示与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.—I ________ to your birthday party last Sunday.
—Unfortunately, you were out on business.
A．had come B．came
C．would come D．would have come
D　考查虚拟语气。句意为：“上周日我本来会参加你的生日宴会的。”“不幸的是，你出差了。”would have done sth为虚拟语气，表示对过去本该发生却未发生的事情的推测，只有情态动词加完成时态才能表示对过去的推测。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.The general commanded that all of them ________ at six o’clock.
A．come B．could come
C．came D．would come
A　句意为：将军颁布了一道命令， 所有的人都要在六点钟到。这里是command引导的宾语从句，且从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。故选A项。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Shall we take the 10：30 train
—No. If we took that train, we ________ too late.
A．arrive B．arrived
C．will arrive D．would arrive
D　考查虚拟语气的用法。if条件状语从句表示对将来事情的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，主句用would do。
专题 七 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.—Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel
—No, it ________ take you long. It’s not the rush hour now.
A．shouldn’t B．shan’t
C．mustn’t D．needn’t
A　考查情态动词的用法。既然不是高峰时间(rush hour)，那就不应该花费太多的(共137张PPT)
专题一 记叙文
专题二 应用文
专题三 议论文
专题四 说明文
模块 4　短文改错
模块 4　短文改错
考纲解读
模块4 │ 考纲解读
高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。
命题特点
模块4 │ 命题特点
从近几年的高考短文改错看，试题具有以下特点：
1．选材特点
短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文，也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在10行左右，每行8～12词，共计120词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。
模块4 │ 命题特点
　　2．设置特点
试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错、多词、缺词和纠错等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、
模块4 │ 命题特点
介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
模块4 │ 命题特点
　　3．难度特点
短文改错试题的难度近年来继续保持平稳，以考查考生书面表达中的常见错误为主，以动词、名词的考查较多，知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句子长度也趋于平稳，但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。
题型分类
模块4│ 题型分类
　　短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面：
模块4│ 题型分类
一、 词法型
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
模块4│ 题型分类
例1　[2010·浙江] I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.
【解析】 考查冠词的用法。young之前加上a。从下文可知是一对夫妇，所以需加不定冠词a。
模块4 │ 题型分类
例2　[2010·辽宁] …and she never seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her like the rest of my classmate.
【解析】 考查名词的单复数用法。classmate→classmates由语境可知，其他的同学应该用复数形式。
模块4 │ 题型分类
例3　[2009·浙江] I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger…
【解析】 考查介词用法。去掉in。根据语境，这里应该表示“相信”，而不是“信任”。
模块4 │ 题型分类
二、 句法型
句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
模块4 │ 题型分类
例1 [2010·全国Ⅰ] All I had to do was to write a story or present it. My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was.
【解析】 考查句意逻辑。or改为and。or表选择，and表顺接和并列。
模块4│ 题型分类
例2　[2010·重庆] Here is my idea about how a friend is like.
【解析】 考查宾语从句的引导词。how 改为what 。从句中like缺宾语，应由what来引导。
模块4│ 题型分类
例3　[2010·重庆] What’s more, a good friend is willing to offer the help to which you need.
【解析】 考查定语从句。去掉to。you need是定语从句，need缺少宾语，所以应选择that或which或不填。
模块4│ 题型分类
三、 语篇型
语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
模块4│ 题型分类
　　例1　[2010·浙江] “…I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully.
【解析】 考查代词的格。me改为I。 这是一个倒装句，作主语，应用主格。
模块4 │ 题型分类
　　例2　[2010·陕西] My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.
【解析】 考查词的遗漏。wanted后加 to。want to do sth.为固定用法。
模块4 │ 题型分类
　　例3　[2010·陕西] My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。are改为 were。时间状语为the other day(不久前某一天；几天以前)，所以应该用一般过去时。
模块4│ 题型分类
　　例4　[2010·海南宁夏] Without a moment’s delay, his neighbor picked up the box but announced：“I’ll take them.”
【解析】 考查连词。but改为and。很显然，拿起来和宣布说“我买了”是并列、承接关系，所以要用并列连词and。
应试点睛
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　短文改错一直是考生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：
模块4 │ 应试点睛
　 一、谨记答题原则
1．“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的 10 道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾画画、涂涂改改。要记住“√”、“——”、“∧”、“\”分别表示准确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。
模块4│ 应试点睛
2．“四不改”原则：①单词拼写不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)。④标点符号不改。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
3．“五改动”原则：①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)。②一对一原则(一行一错，一错一词)。③错误以改动最少为原则。④虚词以添加或者删除为原则。⑤实词以改变形式为原则。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
　　二、 规律常见错误
1．“不一致性”错误
主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
　　例1　[2010·全国Ⅰ] My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was.
【解析】 考查时态一致。have改为had。上下文时态要一致，原文的主时态是过去时，因此have也要用相应的过去时态。
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　例2　[2010·全国Ⅱ] Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.
【解析】 考查代词的指代一致。him 改为her。根据语境可知，后文的him其实是指her。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　[2010·重庆] …he will say some words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes him happy too.
【解析】 考查主、谓语一致。is改为are。that代指先行词words，所以谓语动词要用复数。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
　　2．“行文逻辑”错误
这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
　　例1　[2010·浙江] After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did Ⅰ.” said Mother cheerfully.
【解析】 考查行文逻辑。So 改为But。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例2　[2009·全国Ⅰ] Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.
【解析】 考查行文逻辑。Besides 改为But。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系而非递进关系。
模块4│ 应试点睛
例3　[2009·全国Ⅱ] So I helped them go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hours…
【解析】 考查行文逻辑。here改为there。根据前后语境可知，这里的方位应是“那儿”。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
3．“平行结构”错误
平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and，but，or或连词词组not only…but also…，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，as well as等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　 As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
【解析】 考查平行谓语结构。visiting改为visited。根据句法，visiting在时态上应和fed, told保持一致。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例2　Do some nice things for your parents…like cooking, doing the dishing, or clean the floors.
【解析】 考查平行宾语结构。clean改为cleaning。根据句法，clean和cooking, doing做介词like的宾语。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　Charles and Linda Mason do all their things as well as climbed building.
【解析】 考查平行谓语结构。climbed改为climb。climb和do是由as well as连接的平行谓语，时态上应保持一致。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例4　On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.
【解析】 考查平行不定式结构。buy前加to。根据句法，buy应和to pay gardeners保持一致。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
4．“词性、词形”错误
主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　[2010·四川] And after many attempts, she past her driving test and told her husband that，to release, he was going to…
【解析】 考查“词形”错误。past改为passed。两个词发音上一样，此处做谓语应用passed。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例2　[2010·四川] “…but I still couldn’t get used to it—in fact, I’ve nearly killed three peoples.”
【解析】 考查“词形”错误。peoples改为people。people是集合名词，本身表示复数意义，不需加“s”。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　[2010·辽宁] …she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer.She was, in fact, rather attractively，…
【解析】 考查“词性”错误。attractively改为attractive。做表语，用形容词。
模块4│ 应试点睛
5．“动词的变化”错误
主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　[2010·浙江] “Excuse me，” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。put改为putting。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。此时是主谓关系，故用putting。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例2　[2010·浙江] I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。occupy改为occupied。此处是分词短语作后置定语，occupy 与table是被动关系，故应用过去分词。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　[2010·重庆] After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。hear改为hearing。after是介词，后接名词或动词 ing形式。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
6．“特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误
特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　[2010·重庆] Here is my idea about how a friend is like.
【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。how 改为what。由what引导宾语从句，从句中like缺宾语。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例2　[2009·海南宁夏] No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。what改为how。句意是如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用为how。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
7．“多词”错误
多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；3)介词多余；4)助动词、系动词多余；5)多冠词；6)定语从句中的成分重复；7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余；8)多余小品词to等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　[2010·浙江] The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.
【解析】 考查多余小品词。去掉to。accept是及物动词，其后直接接名词或代词作宾语。
模块4│ 应试点睛
例2　[2010·辽宁] I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
【解析】 考查多余介词。去掉for。except that直接接宾语从句，无需再用for
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.
【解析】 考查语义重叠。去掉 it。it与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
8．“缺词”错误
缺词现象常见有：1)缺系动词；2) 缺介词；3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；5) 缺连接词； 6) 缺否定词； 7) 缺不定式符号to等。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例1　[2010·全国Ⅰ] So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.
【解析】 考查连接词的缺失。if后加what。what引导主语从句，在句中意为“……的话”。
模块4│ 应试点睛
例2　[2010·四川] “Well, it is all because of the business of driving on right.” She said.
【解析】 考查冠词的缺失。right前加the。方位名词前要加定冠词the。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
例3　The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.
【解析】 考查词的缺失。improve前加 to。to improve此处是不定式短语作目的状语。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
三、 尊重解题步骤
1．通读全文，掌握大意
短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误。单独看可能是对的，但从整体看可能上下文不符。做短文改错时应该树立整体意识，应从短文整体入手，因为短文改错题实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须在阅读并
模块4│ 应试点睛
且在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此，事先应该先快速粗读一遍短文，留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。
模块4 │ 应试点睛
2．整句理解，逐行分析
因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误的，而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误的。所以考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对照上下文逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意，找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过程中，考生应对每
模块4 │ 应试点睛
句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯。
模块4│ 应试点睛
3．复读全文，检查核对
回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，特别是上下文的联系，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。
专题一 │ 记叙文
专题一　记叙文
真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
[2010·全国Ⅱ]
Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 1.____________
At that time, we often spend time together.
2.____________
Thank to her help, I made great progress in my 3.____________
study. Last year, she decided to study abroad. In 4.____________
专题一 │ 真题再现
other words, we would be separated for long time. 5.____________
Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift to show 6.____________
my best wishes to him. She said it was the best 7.____________
专题一 │ 真题再现
gift she has ever had. From then on, we’ve 8.____________
kept touch with each other through e mails. I 9.____________
look forward to see her again in the near future. 10.____________
专题一 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
1．friend→friends　one of 后接名词复数。
2．spend→spent　at that time表示过去发生的事情。
3．Thank→Thanks　thanks to 是固定短语，“多亏了，因为”。
4．√
5．for后加a
专题一 │ 真题再现
6．去掉off　leave 已经表示离开之意，off多余。
7．him→her　代词使用要一致。
8．has→had　时态错误，应为过去完成时。
9．kept后加in
10．see→seeing　look forward to中的to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
My classmates and I worked as volunteer in Beijing 1.____________
Paralympics in September 13.Early in the morning at 7：20， 2.____________
we gathered at the National Stadium, namely the Bird’s Nest. 3.____________
Then we got into it and ten minutes late, we started to do 4.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
some cleaning.From 9：00 am to 4：00 pm, we tried our best help 5.____________
the disabled athletes to get ready for their competitions, leading the
6.____________
audience to their seats and keep order.It was until 12：00 am that we
7.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
had lunch and took a rest, which last about an hour.We stopped
8.____________
working at 4：00 pm.Though it was a tired job, we felt 9.____________
that it an honor to serve the disabled friends from all over the world.
10.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
1．volunteer→volunteers　2.in→on　
3.√4．late→later　5.help前加to　
6.leading→lead
7．在until前加 not　8.last→lasted　
9.tired→tiring
10．去掉that或在it后加was
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
My birthday is coming. Father asked me how I would 1.____________
want as my birthday present. I told him I need no present but 2.____________
a party. Father said OK. When I recited the name of my seven
3.____________
friends I planned to invite, he wondered why his guest list didn’t
4.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
include my new neighbor Tom. I told him I didn’t like to be with
5.____________
a person whom I didn’t know well. And father insisted that I
6.____________
seize the chance to make new friends. In my birthday, Tom 7.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
came besides my seven friends. Very quick we became good 8.____________
friends. From this I realized give others a chance means giving
9.____________
myself a chance. It was really unforgettable birthday.
10.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
1．how→what　2.need→needed　
3.name→names4．his→my　
5.√　6.And→But
7．In→On　8.quick→quickly　
9.give→giving
10．unforgettable前加an
专题一 │ 专题预测
(三)
A 60 year old Australia woman jumped onto the back 1.____________
of a 4 metre crocodile stop it from killing a 34 year old 2.____________
man. The crocodile grabbed one man as he was sleeping 3.____________
in a tent at a beaches campsite in Australia. The crocodile
4.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
entered the tent around 4 am Monday and dragged 5.____________
the man outside. The woman, that was camping nearby, saw
6.____________
what was happening and jumping onto the crocodile. The crocodile
7.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
then let the man go and turned on the woman, pulling him
8.____________
towards the water. Luckily a third person shot 9.____________
the crocodile death just in time, saving the woman.
10.____________
专题一 │ 专题预测
(三)
1．Australia →Australian　2.stop前加to
3．one man→the man　4.beaches→beach
5．Monday→前加on　6.that →who
7．jumping→jumped　8.him→her　9.√
10．death→ dead
专题二 │ 应用文
专题二　应用文
专题二 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2009·重庆]
Dear Jerry，
I’m glad to know that you had an interest in Chinese 1.____________
food. Here I’d like to tell you something about them. Chinese 2.____________
food is famous with its wide variety. The food in one area 3.____________
can be easy told from that in another. For example, Shanghai 4.____________
专题二 │ 真题再现
food, a little bit sweet, differ from Sichuan food that is rather
5.____________
hot. However, every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying，
6.____________
because each has a delicious taste and good for health. Since
7.____________
专题二 │ 真题再现
the restaurant in China usually serves special dish of different
8.____________
areas, you can enjoy various Chinese foods whenever you
9.____________
are. I’m looking forward to meet you here so that I can tell
10.____________
you more about Chinese food at table.
Best wishes.
Jin
专题二 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
1．had→have　由本句知是叙述一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。
2．them→it　it指代Chinese food。
3．with→for　 be famous for因为……而出名。
专题二 │ 真题再现
4．easy→easily　本句中应用副词修饰动词。
5．differ→differs　本句中主语为Shanghai food，是单数名词，故谓语动词用单数。
6．去掉the　food为不可数名词，表泛指时前面不加冠词。
专题二 │ 真题再现
7．and后加is　本句是由and连接的两个并列句。并且第一个句子是主谓结构而第二个句子是主系表结构，谓语不同，所以不能省略。
8．dish→dishes　前面无冠词，所以用复数形式表泛指。
专题二 │ 真题再现
9．whenever→wherever　此处为让步状语从句，无论你身在何处，都可以吃到中国的各种美食。
10．meet→meeting　look forward to中to为介词，所以后面应跟名词或动名词。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
Dear Grandpa，
Thank you for your letter.
My school is organizing a basketball team and
there’s just a chance which I can join it. I’m short, of 1.______________
course, so terribly quick and brave. While the others 2.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs 3.______________
and get the ball. It will be lots of fun for practicing out 4.______________
on the playground in the afternoon with the tree 5.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
around us all red and yellow and everybody laughing 6.______________
and shouting. These are the happier girls I’ve ever 7.______________
seen and I’m the happiest in all！I meant to write 8.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
long letter and tell you all the things I’m doing at school， 9.______________
but the bell was ringing, so I just have to stop here. 10.______________
Love，
Judy
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
1．which→that　2.so→but　3.my→their　
4.去掉for5．tree→trees　6.√　
7.happier→happiest　8.in→of
9．long letter前加a　10.was→is
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
Hello! Welcome to England. We hope your visitwill be a pleased one. Today, I would like to draw 1.______________
your attention to a few of our law. The first one is 2.______________
about drinking. You must buy wine here if you
3.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
are under the 18, no more can your friend buy that 4.______________
for you. Secondly, smoke. It is against the law to 5.______________
buy cigarettes or tobacco if we are under 16.Thirdly， 6.______________
as crossing the road, be careful. The traffic moves 7.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
on the right side, which is the opposite in China. My 8.______________
last point is that it is for the law to throw waste away 9.______________
in a public place. When you have something throw 10.______________
out, please put it in a dust bin.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
1．pleased→pleasant　2.law→laws
3．must后加not　4.去掉the　
5.smoke→smoking
6．we→you　7.√　8.right→left　
9.for→against
10．在throw前加to
专题二 │ 专题预测
(三)
Boys and girls，
May I have your attention There will have a 1.______________
lecture at half past three on the Friday afternoon. It’s about
2.______________
“Information and English Study”. And it will be giving 3.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
by Dr. Lee, is a famous professor from the English 4.______________
Department. There must be something interested and 5.______________
instructive. We can get many information from it, I think.
6.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
And it will improve their English study to a new stage.
7.______________
Anyone who wants to attend can come to Room 207. 8.______________
Take note and have a discussion after it. Please come 9.______________
here on time. Don’t be late.
10.______________
专题二 │ 专题预测
(三)
1．will have→will be　2.去掉the　
3.giving→given
4．is 前加who 或去掉is　
5.interested→interesting
6．many→much　7.their→our
8．attend后加it　9.note→notes　10.√
专题三 │ 议论文
专题三　议论文
专题三 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·重庆]
Here is my idea about how a friend is like. Firstly， 1.______________
a friend is someone you can share your secrets. If you 2.______________
tell him a secret, never will he talks about it with anybody 3.______________
else. Besides, a friend is always good listener when you 4.______________
专题三 │ 真题再现
need one. After hear your sad stories, he will say some
5.______________
words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes 6.______________
him happily too. What’s more, a good friend is willing to
7.______________
专题三 │ 真题再现
offer the help to which you need, or can at least give you 8.______________
some advices. In a word, friends are those you like and 9.______________
trust, and you will enjoy every minute that you spent with 10.______________
them.
专题三 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
1．how→what　what引导宾语从句并且从句中缺宾语。
2．secret后加with　share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物。
3．talks→talk　will后须接动词原形。
4．always后加a　listener是可数名词，泛指。
5．hear→hearing　after是介词，后接名词或动词 ing形式。
专题三 │ 真题再现
6．is→are　that代指先行词words，所以谓语动词要用复数。
7．happily→happy　形容词作宾语补足语。
8．去掉to　which you need作定语，意为：提供你所需的帮助。
9．advices→advice　advice是不可数名词。
10．spent→spend　前后时态须一致。
专题三│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
A few days ago I saw an instructive program on TV.
It was about what the traffic problem in cities. It seems 1.____________
that a great deal of damages is done by traffic.All our 2.____________
cities are suffering from this. Some buildings are actual
3.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
falling to piece. It’s often fast to walk than to go by car 4.____________
and by bus. The problem has been getting worse day by 5.____________
day.This is only one of the thousands problems in our 6.____________
cities. All sorts of terrible things were happening to our 7.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
cities. The question is, how can we do about it.Our 8.____________
roads were never designed for such heavy traffic.It 9.____________
is time the government does something about these problems.
10.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
1．去掉what　2.damages→damage
3．actual→actually　4.fast→faster　
5.and→or
6．thousands后加of　7.were→are　
8.how→what 9．√　10.does→did
专题三│ 专题预测
(二)
When people think about precious things, they usuallythink about money or jewelry. I am not very rich, and I have
1.____________
something very preciously in my room. It’s not a CD player or 2.____________
a cellphone. It’s the view from my window. I’m lucky live 3.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
near a park. My window faces with the tops of the trees in
4.____________
the park. Below the tree I can see children playing on the playground，
5.____________
young couples walked quietly, mothers with children, and 6.____________
old people sitting on the beach. The whole world is before
7.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
their eyes. My classmates like to go online or listen to music，
8.____________
but when I have a free time, I just sit on the chair and
9.____________
enjoyed the most precious thing in my room: the view.
10.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
(二)
1．and→but　2.preciously→precious
3．lucky后加to　4.去掉with　
5.tree→trees
6．walked→walking　7.√
8.their→my9．去掉a　
10.enjoyed→enjoy
专题三│ 专题预测
(三)
As students, we have classes for early morning 1.____________
till late afternoon. Therefore, take a ten minute break 2.____________
between class is definitely important, even necessary. 3.____________
Otherwise we may feel both physically or mentally tired. 4.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
During the ten minute break we did something to get
5.____________
rid of tiredness. What we need is to have real rest， 6.____________
instead of getting even tired. So don’t do anything that
7.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
will make you too excited. My ten minute break is always pleased.
8.____________
I usually take some exercise. Sometime I have a free chat with
9.____________
my classmates. When the new class begins, I feel freshly again.
10.____________
专题三│ 专题预测
(三)
1．for→from　2.take→taking　
3.class→classes
4．or→and　5.did→do　6.real前加a　
7.tired前加more　8.pleased→pleasing　
9.Sometime→Sometimes　
10.freshly→fresh
专题四 │ 说明文
专题四　说明文
专题四 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·内蒙古赤峰市高三年级统一考试]
There is public library in every town in Britain. 1.____________
There are branch library in many villages.
2.____________
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to 3.____________
专题四 │ 真题再现
borrow them. In some places you may borrow many 4.____________
books as you want; in other places where you 5.____________
are limited to a certain number, of that some 6.____________
may be novels. Books may be keep for four weeks. 7.____________
专题四 │ 真题再现
Newly published novels are always in great demand 8.____________
and some books, for example, books for history， 9.____________
science, cooking but gardening are also popular. 10.____________
专题四 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
1．is后加a　2.library→libraries　
3.cost→costs
4．第2个borrow后加as　5.去掉where　
6.that→which　7.keep→kept
　8.√　9.books for→books on
10．but→and
专题四│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
Football is a very popular game in England: one has to go to one of the
1.____________
most important match to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can watch
2.____________
them all there, shout and cheering for one side and the other. 3.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
Other surprising fact about football in England is the great knowledge
4.____________
of the game of which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the
5.____________
names of players in many important teams. He has photos of them and
6.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
knew the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell you, with 7.____________
enough confidence, who will win a match, but his opinion is usually 8.____________
as value as that of men three or four times his age. Sometimes, he 9.____________
can even teach you why to play football well like an experienced coach.
10.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
1．√　2.match→matches　
3.shout→shouting
4．Other→Another　5.去掉第二个of　
6.players前加the　7.knew→knows　
8.but→and9．value→valuable　
10.why→how
专题四 │ 专题预测
(二)
America is a huge country, but traveling is also very quick
1.____________
and very easy. A visitor who wants to see much of the 2.____________
country as possible should travel by bus. There is fast bus 3.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
services between cities, for an example, the Greyhound Bus 4.____________
service, that has a picture of a dog on the side of the bus. 5.____________
The seats are softly with a reading lamp over each one and 6.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
they lean back for sleeping on night. On their long 7.____________
distance buses there is a toilet and other comforts. Stops 8.____________
are making for meals at roadside restaurants. It takes 9.____________
about three and a half day to cross the country by bus. 10.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
(二)
1．去掉also　语境表示转折含义，而不是并列或递进关系，因此这里不是but also而是but。
2．see后加as　与后面的as possible呼应，这里加表比较结构的词as。
3．is→are　本句there be句式的主语是复数名词，因此用are而不用is。
4．去掉an　固定短语for example中没有冠词。
专题四 │ 专题预测
5．that→which　这里是非限制性定语从句，用which引导并从句中作主语。
6．softly→soft　用形容词而不是副词作表语。
7．on→at　at night在晚上。
8．√
9．making→made　这里应该用被动语态。
10．day→days　既然是“三天半”，应该用复数名词days。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(三)
The Internet is an useful tool and you can do many 1.____________
things on it. For example, you can make with some 2.____________
new friends on the Internet. They often lived in another 3.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
city or even another country. Make friends online gives 4.____________
you a chance to learn about other people. So you need 5.____________
to be very carefully about these friends. It is important 6.____________
to you not to give too much information, such as 7.____________
专题四 │ 专题预测
your phone number, address and so on. It may dangerous. 8.____________
Friends on the Internet can never take place of your true 9.____________
friends. When you enjoy talking with friends online, don’t
10.____________
forget your true friends.
专题四│ 专题预测
(三)
1．an→a　2.去掉with　
3.lived→live4．Make→Making
5.So→But　6.carefully改为careful
7．to you→for you　8.may后加be　
9.place前加the10．√(共30张PPT)
专题一 说明文型阅读填空
专题二 议论文型阅读填空
模块4 阅读填空
模块4　阅读填空
考纲解读
模块 4 │ 考纲解读
《考试说明》对阅读填空题型命题目的的表述为：“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。” 要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。 其命题形式深受英语四、六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力”的阅读学习和教学理念。其测试旨在考查考生阅读理解和语言组织的能力，分析和解决问题的能力；逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
命题分析
模块 4 │ 命题分析
考区 年份 体裁 题材 词数
海南、
宁夏 2010
说明文 如何冷静、高效地回答高管们的提问
220
2009
说明文
如何让孩子学习 200
北京 2010 说明文 介绍缪扎克音乐 310
辽宁 2010
议论文
一次儿时在商店的见闻使我明白了礼貌待客的重要性
220
2009
说明文
如何在家中给孩子创造好的学习环境 222
阅读理解(七选五)透析
模块 4 │ 命题分析
七选五式的阅读填空题，即在一段约为200—300词的短文中留出五个空白，要求考生从所给的七个选项中选出五个最佳选项填入短文中的空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。具体特点如下：
1．备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
模块 4 │ 命题分析
2．七个选项是完整的句子，而不是单词或词组，需要从七个选项中选出五个补全短文，另外的两个选项是干扰项。
3．注重选取贴近考生生活、新颖的、时代感强的材料，以体现考纲中明确提出的“命题重视‘新材料、新情境’ 的创设与运用，测试考生的综合语言运用能力”的指导思想。重点考查考生理解短文的主旨和基本结构，并作出简单判断和推理的能力。
4．文体的选择以说明、议论(含夹叙夹议)为主，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，出现几率不是很大。
应试点睛
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
做七选五式的阅读填空题，可以按以下步骤进行：
1．通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。
2．除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、并列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折，一般就可以一分为二。
3．再分析各层次之间的关系。
4．检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。
5．研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
专题一 说明文型阅
读填空
专题 一 │ 说明文型阅读填空
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 Q & A [2010·海南、宁夏]
Question：I have recently got a senior position
within my company.One of my new tasks is
to make monthly progress reports on my
department in front of other senior
officials.During my first meeting，I
presented and then opened the floor to
questions. __1__ My first reaction was to
answer defensively.Later，I realized that
I shouldn’t have felt that way.But how
can I keep cool and effectively answer
questions in this type of settings
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Answer：Congratulations on your new position！
Presenting in front of your peers(同事) is
a hard task in itself，and it becomes much
more difficult when a question and answer
period is required.Question and answer
periods are a great way to clarify the
message and strengthen key points.__2__
●__3__
When a person is asking a question，show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 ●Buy time.
When facing a hard question，most people can’t give an answer immediately.Buy time by repeating the question in your own words.__4__These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.
●Suggest a private meeting.
A one on one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers.__5__
专题 一 │ 真题再现
A. Show your true interest.
B. Restate the question with respect.
C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.
D. There were many difficult questions.
E. It can also be more effective in exchanging
ideas.
F. You may also ask for clarification on the
question.
G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare
for your next meeting.
1－5　DGAFE
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 Being healthy means taking care of yourself physically and mentally. Here are some of my best tips on how to do both：
Break a bad habit.
You don’t really “break” habits.__1__. So if your problem is that you eat too much when you get home from work, find something new to do that is incompatible(不能共存的)with what you usually do. You can’t walk around the track at the school and pig out in your kitchen at the same time.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Grow your marriage.
__2__.It’s always a give and take, always requires work. It’s like if you planted a garden and came back six months later—you wouldn’t even be able to find it.__3__
Beat stress.
My dog, Maggie, is the best anti stress tool I have. __4__ Exercise also helps. Just about every day, I’m on the tennis court. It’s a great workout, and if I don’t have that, I don’t cope as well, sleep as well or think as well.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Refocus your anger.
Expressing your anger is just not a that good idea. You say things you don’t mean.__5__When you do that, you’re a problem solver.
Don’t medicate with food.
It never, ever works. You’re denying your issue by eating your way through it, instead of saying, “Hey, I’ve got a problem.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A．You replace the unwanted behavior with something
that prevents you from doing it and that doesn’t
have unhealthy side effects.
B．A few minutes petting, scratching or playing with
her, and I’ll feel easy.
C．If there is a problem, you needn’t deal with it
immediately.
D．You have to tend it, feed it, weed it, deal with
the problems.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
E．Instead, recognize that anger is usually a
symptom of hurt, fear or frustration, and deal
with the causes rather than blow up.
F．Relationships are negotiated(协商), and the
negotiation never stops.
G．You do something without any good effect on
your health during the time when you usually
do something harmful to your body.
1—5　AFDBE
专题二 议论文型阅
读填空
专题二 │ 议论文型阅读填空
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 [2010·辽宁] 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier (收银台) in her general store.__1__ I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”．
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 At first I was paid in candy.__2__ I worked every day after school，and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a．m. to 7 p．m. My father helped me set up a bank account. __3__
By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics (化妆品)．I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye.Even though I was just a kid，women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear？”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup (化妆) ideas.__4__
专题 二 │ 真题再现
The job taught me a valuable lesson：to be a successful salesperson，you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.__5__ Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me；instead，they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.
B．Before long，she let me sit there by myself.
C．I ended up selling a record amount of
cosmetics.
D．Today I still carry that lesson with me：I
listen to customers.
E．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle
responsibility.
F．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful
than ever before.
G．Watching my money grow was more rewarding
than anything I could have bought.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
1．B　从后一句I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”可推知，作者的祖母先让作者跟着她学，然后让作者独立工作，所以他很快懂得了有礼貌地对待客人的重要性。
2．A　前面有at first，和本项中的later一致。
3．G　根据前一句的My father helped me set up a bank account.可确定答案。
4．C　同样根据前一句确定答案。
5．D　上文提到a valuable lesson，D项在这里承接上下文。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why is setting goals important __1__Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals.__2__ It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it in this way. There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which can be found in a map. She can drive straight there without any wasted time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver. But she drives aimlessly around. Never getting anywhere, just using up gas. Which driver do you want to be
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 __3__They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach.__4__You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　__5__Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power. Like a contract with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
A．Research tells us that when we write a goal down
we are more likely to achieve it.
B．Winners in life set goals and follow through.
C．It’s up to you to find out what your goals
really are.
D．It’s difficult for a driver to reach his
destination without a map.
E．Because goals can help you do and experience
everything you want in life.
F．By setting goals you are taking control of your
life.
G．Because everybody should have a goal in his mind.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 1．E　该句是对上一句“Why is setting goals important？”的回答，所以只能在E和G中选择。比较可知，E项说的是目标的重要性，故选E。
2．F　下一句“It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.”是以比喻的方式对所填句子的解释，所以应该选By setting goals you are taking control of your life.“通过树立目标你可以控制自己的人生(目标就像地图一样给你指明方向)”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 3．B　本段的“Unsuccessful people”对应本句的“winners”。
4．C　该句承上启下，上一句告诉我们，目标不难确立，不难达到。并且“You are the one who must decide”对应C项的“It’s up to you to…”。
5．A　本段的“Written goals”对应选项的“when we write a goal down”。(共85张PPT)
专题训练　阅读填空
模块 5　阅读填空
模块 5　阅读填空
考纲解读
模块 5 │考纲解读
此题要求考生在读完一篇短文后，根据文中相关的内容，填写表格。要求考生归纳概括文中的要点，并根据一定的线索把相关的内容以表格的形式有序地表达出来。阅读填空属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，主要考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。既考查考生快速获取信息的能力，也考查考生组织信息、表达信息的能力。具体地说，其能力测试要求为：
模块 5 │考纲解读
1．对所提供文章中关键信息的正确判断和采集。
2．适当的句型转换。
3．正确地使用英语解释英语。
4．原文细节信息的正确理解。
5．主旨大意的归纳。
命题分析
模块 5 │ 命题分析
　　 通过对2006年、2007年、2008年、2009年和2010年湖南省的五篇阅读填空题的分析，从中可得到如下特点：
　　1.题型特点的变化
模块 5 │ 命题分析
模块 5 │ 命题分析
2.表格特征
(1)表格形式特点：试题通常根据文章单层面的特点或多层面的纵横信息比较设计表格。表格形式有两种，即：框架式表格和纵横式表格，还有一种情况就是不设表格，而采用摘录式。表格设计具有清晰明了和概括性强的特点，即从表格可预测文章内容和基本的写作框架。
(2)表中表达方式多样化：表中的语言表达简洁、清楚，其表达方式主要有单词和词组两种，单词以名词、动词、形容词、副词居多，词组以名词性词组、非谓语形式的动词词组居多，偶有句子出现。
模块 5 │ 命题分析
3．语篇特点
(1)体裁方面：以说明文为主，从2005年高考到2010年湖南高考阅读填空试题的阅读材料均为说明文。
(2)题材方面：题材多为中学生熟悉、感兴趣且符合中学生认知特征和评判取向的日常话题。常见的话题有：科普知识、时文报道、史地常识、说理议论、人物介绍、社会文化和环境保护等。例如，2006年的阅读填空材料介绍课后活动项目的设计，2007年介绍交换生家庭寄宿的作用，2008年介绍绿色屋顶的特点，2009年介绍生态时装的概念，2010年介绍学徒的定义、优点与不足。
模块 5 │ 命题分析
(3)结构方面：文章结构清楚，脉络清晰，具有较明确的信息度，文章事实线条较明显，便于归纳总结，利于培养中学生的演绎和概括能力。
应试点睛
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
　 一、阅读填空题的答题原则
在阅读填空题的答题过程中，需注意五个原则：
1．简洁性原则：要压缩整合信息，尽量用最少的词来表达最重要的最关键的信息，保证每空不得超过3个单词。
2．语法形式一致性原则：可以参照前后左右所给出的其他信息表达形式从而确定需要表达的形式。但要注意横纵栏目内的表达形式在语法上要一致，例如，要么都是形容词短语，要么都是名词短语，要么都是动词的 ing形式等。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
3．概括针对性原则：概括词在最大限度上覆盖行和列的信息。
4．信息一致性原则：横纵栏目内的表达信息要一致。
5．忠于原文原则：答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能够在原文中找到相关信息表达要点，那么就不宜采用其他同义或近义词来表达该信息词。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
二、阅读填空题解题步骤
1．分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空要求，预测文章的框架及大意。
考生首先可以通过分析表格或框架结构及其内容可以预测文章的布局谋篇及大意。根据以上分析，再读文章，可使阅读时有的放矢，提高阅读效率。
2．快速浏览，抓住全文中心及每段大意，正确获取信息。
带着第一步的预测快速浏览全文，把握全文中心及每段大意，并注意从各段画出解题需要的有效信息，为下一步答题打下基础。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
快速寻找有效信息句的方法主要有：一是根据试题在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置；二是善于抓住图表各栏目中所给出的关键词，有针对性地带着这些关键词的提示到文中相应段落寻找有效信息句。
3．认真分析表格，借助已有信息，有的放矢答题。
该步骤是答好阅读填空题的关键。根据表格结构，借助第二步获得的有效信息，按照要求答题。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
4．复查。
复查对提高答题准确率很重要，考生千万不要遗漏这一步。复查的主要依据是看所填答案是否符合答题的五个原则，其中重点要复查：①是否超过3个单词？②表达形式在语法上是否与同横纵栏目一致？③横纵栏目内的表达信息是否一致？④单词有无拼写错误？尤其名词单复数与动词形式错误。
题型探究
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　直接信息题
一、了解直接信息题的特点是答题的需要。
所谓直接信息题，即能直接从文章中找到答题信息句，且能直接套用文中信息句中的某个原词或词组而不需改变其词性，甚至不需改变其词形。例如：
根据信息句“What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.”判断填空：“Keep an open mind to ________”．
模块 5 │ 题型探究
根据信息句中的“everyone’s ideas deserve consideration”可判断该空应填写“everyone’s ideas”，即为文中原词，既没有改变原词的词性，也没有改变原词的词形。但有些时候，为了满足同一单元格中表达形式一致的原则，而需改变原词的词形。例如：
A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.)is also important, for a well chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood.
模块 5 │ 题型探究
根据信息句中的“exchanging information”再结合该单元格中所给出的表达形式可判断，该空应填“exchange your information”，即将原词的 ing形式改为动词原形。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
二、有效寻找答题信息句是答题的保证。
直接信息题主要考查检索信息的能力，因此有效快速定位信息句尤为重要。快速寻找有效信息句的方法主要有：
1．在粗读的过程中留意重要细节和关键处。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
前面我们介绍了阅读填空题的解题步骤。其中第二步是：快速浏览，抓住全文中心及段落大意，正确获取信息。在快速浏览的过程中，考生应学会带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。例如，画线段落主题句，标记文中醒目词time, age, number, place, suggestions, tips, ways, benefits等， 注明信息词：who, what, when, where, why, how；first, then, after that, next, finally；because, thus, lead to, is caused by, as a result of；likeness, alike, just as, either…or；but, while, instead, different from, on the contrary; in a word, in summary, etc.
模块 5 │ 题型探究
2．根据试题在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置。
表格是文章框架的体现，其设题一般来说，是按照文章的段落顺序来排序的，例如，第1小题的答题信息句应在文首，而最后一小题的答题信息句中应在文尾，总之，阅读填空题的10个小题的答题信息句在文章中一般是依次出现的。
3．根据试题关键词的提示寻读有效信息句。
表格中的表达通常以词组或句子出现，因此，考生应善于判断、识别该空所在的语句表达中的关键词，再有针对性地带着这些关键词的提示到文中相应段落寻找有效信息句。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
三、准确理解表格中的语意表达是答题的关键。
表格中的语意表达一般不完全等同于文章中的原句表达，它显得更简洁、清楚，其表达方式多为词组，偶为句子。因此，找到答题信息句后，考生应注意分析、比较、推敲表格与原文在表达上的异同。此时，首先找到两者在表达上的共同之处，再推敲其不同的地方，而后分析文中原句的主干结构，比较实词的对应关系。经过这样一番思考，定能敲定正确答案。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　归纳概括题
一、归纳概括题的种类
1．标题归纳题：根据“文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首段，一段末二段首转折后信息，文章末段”的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题。此外，常用于概括文章标题的词有：development, history, introduction, study, research, experiment, information, future。需注意的是，阅读填空题的标题表达常以(动)名词词组形式为主。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
2．段落归纳题：段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动(名)词词组。例如下列短文设表格如下：
Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns
模块 5 │ 题型探究
doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.
模块 5 │ 题型探究
第1题在表格的左栏，所填的词要求能概括右栏单元格的所有内容，而根据该段的主题句“Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities”可判断第1空应填写Suggestions。由此可知，概括词多为段落主题句中的关键词。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
二、归纳概括词的判断与选用
1．常见的归纳概括词：
表原因：reason (for), cause (of)；表目的：purpose, aim, goal；表种类：kind, type, category, style (风格)；表方式、方法：means, way, method，solution, approach；表方位：location, position；表建议：advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip；表态度、观点：attitude, idea, opinion；表用途、功能：use, usage, function；表变化，趋势：change, trend, development, rise, increase, decrease; 表描述：description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape；表来源，历史：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
history, source, origin；表影响，结果：effect, influence, result, consequence；表措施，行动：measure, action, activity, behavior(举止行为)；表益处，不利：benefit, advantage, disadvantage, convenience；表概括，总结：summary, conclusion；表主题：topic, theme, subject；表特点：feature, characteristic, character(性格、特征)；表评论、评价：comment, remark, assessment；表问题：problem, question, issue；表要求、需求：demand, need, requirement, qualification；表内容、项目：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
content, item；表信息：information；表情绪，感觉：feeling, emotion, motivation(动机)；表物质，材料：substance, material；表步骤：step, procedure, process；表比例：rate (比例，速度), percentage；表天气，气候：weather, climate；表灾难，事故：disaster, accident, threat；表关系：relation, relationship；表异、同：difference, similarity; 表交通、运输：traffic, transportation；表时间， 年代，年龄：date, time, age；表性别：sex；表质量，数量：quality, amount, quantity, number；表事件：incident, event；
模块 5 │ 题型探究
表反应：response, reaction；表定义：definition；表预防：prevention, precaution；表治疗：treatment, cure；表程度：degree；表信仰：belief；表人口：population；表资源：resource；表职位：position；表职业：work, job, occupation, profession；表设备：equipment(不可数), facility(可数)；表迹象、征兆：sign, symptom。 需要注意的是：在实际做题时要根据表格的要求作出合适的改变，如名词的单复数，首字母的大小写等。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
2．判定归纳概括词的方法
(1)根据段落主题句的关键词判定概括词。
段落主题句多在段首，其次在段尾，偶在段中，因此在读文章时要尤其注意段首尾，宜及时标注主题句。找到主题句后，要善于根据上下文的逻辑关系确认关键词，例如上述例句中，找到主题句后，要能判断suggestions为主题句的关键词。值得注意的是，有时所填写的概括词不能照抄主题句中的关键词，而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性，甚至是另换一词。例如：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
Volunteering does much good to a volunteer. For example, volunteering offers you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths. As part of a volunteer group, you get first hand exposure to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　该段主题句“Volunteering does much good to a volunteer”的关键词为“much good”。但显然该空不宜填Good。事实上根据“does much good”可知此处是在介绍“Volunteering”的作用或好处，故应填：Benefits/Advantages/Uses。
再如，根据“Volunteering is required to promote human rights and equality, and respected the rights, dignity(尊严)and culture of others as well.”设表格如下：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　 根据句中的关键词“required”判断该空填Requirements，即将原来的动词过去分词形式改为了名词复数形式。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
(2)根据文中信息词判定概括词。例如，根据how判断用ways, tips, methods，solutions, etc.；根据why, because, result in, lead to, be caused by等判断用reasons, causes；根据in short, all in all判断用summary；根据refer to, be, be called判断用definition；根据therefore, thus, so, as a result判断用result, conclusion；根据find, discover判断用findings。例如：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
Then, how to solve the problem To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable(可持续使用的)materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　 1空可以根据“Then, how to solve the problem？”可知本处讲问题的解决方法，故可判断填Methods。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
　探究点三　信息组织题
一、信息组织题的特点
所谓组织信息题，即能从文中找到信息句，但需转换原词的词性或另用新词填空。例如，根据信息句“be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.”判断填写“Take ________ for one’s own learning.”，显然该空应填写“responsibility”，即为原句中形容词responsible的名词形式，转换了词性。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
组织信息题的产生是因为表格中的表达形式不同于原文表达所致。因此，找到答题信息句后，考生应注意分析、比较、推敲表格与原文在表达上的异同，从而作出正确的推理判断。值得注意的是，所填入的词或词组不仅要求拼写正确，符合语法规则，还要确保上下、左右语义一致。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
二、信息组织题的答题技巧
与另外两种设题相比，信息组织题的答题要求更高，难度更大，它要求考生不仅要有较强的阅读能力，还要有丰富扎实的英语语言知识。例如，要掌握常用同义词和近义词，必备的构词法知识和习惯搭配，丰富的语法知识等。其具体答题技巧有：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
1．转换词性：例如动词转换为名词，名词转换为动词或形容词，名词或形容词转换为动词等。例如2007年高考湖南卷82题，根据信息句“On the other hand, students’ expectations have risen.”将动词risen转换为名词，确定答案为：Rise in expectations。再如，2006年高考湖南卷80题，根据信息句“They also have fewer absences and are likely to blame.”将确定其答案为blame由动词转换成名词，确定答案为：less blame。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
2．用名词所有格 “’s”代替 of所有格。例如2005年高考湖南卷79题“Baby boomers’ old growing”就是将文中表达方式“the old growing of the ‘baby boomers’” 用“’s”所有格代替 of所有格转换而成。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
3．后置定语、补语等转化为前置定语：例如将定语从句转化为前置定语或改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语，名词、形容词、分词作前置定语等。例如2007年高考湖南卷84题，根据信息句“They are trying to make living conditions better”将宾补better转为前置定语确定答案为Bettering living conditions。再如2005年高考湖南卷81、82题，根据信息句“One likely development will be ①a gradual change in the family unit. The other likely development will be ②a change in the proportion of the nation’s workforce.”改用名词作前置定语，分别转换其表达方式为81.family unit change；82.workforce proportion change。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
4．省略次要信息，提炼关键信息。例如2007年高考湖南卷78、79题，根据信息句“Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster.” 提炼关键信息，确定78题答案为Possibly becoming faster；根据信息句“Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their host parents” 提炼关键信息，确定79题答案为Communicating with hosts。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
5．意义理解转换。例如2007年高考湖南卷80题，理解信息句“It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost”，将living at a low cost转化为Cost of living。再如2008年高考湖南卷81题，理解信息句“The intensive type may be smaller”再结合该空下面的表达方式可将“may be”转换为“possibly”，即答案为possibly smaller。
专题训练　阅读填空
专题训练 │ 阅读填空
真题再现
专题训练 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖南]
An apprenticeship is a form of on the job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman—someone who has done the job for many years.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
The rest of the apprentice’s time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full time undertaking.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What’s more, it offers apprentices an “earn while you learn” opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well trained workers to draw from.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗)if business for the employers is slow.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self employed contractors.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
专题训练 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍学徒的定义、优点与不足。
1．Apprenticeship　归纳概括题。全文是围绕“Apprenticeship”而展开描写的，故填Apprenticeship。
2．classroom learning　直接信息题。根据第一段第一句“An apprenticeship is a form of on the job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning.”可判断。
3．The majority　直接信息题。根据第一段“An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman”可判断。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
4．theoretical　直接信息题。根据第一段“The rest of the apprentice’s time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires.”可判断。
5．at the beginning　组织信息题。根据第二段“They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies.”可判断。
6．a journeyman’s wages　组织信息题。根据第二段“Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive.”可判断作答。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
7．many well trained workers　直接信息题。根据第二段“It can offer employers a pool of well trained workers to draw from.”可判断。
8．being laid off　组织信息题。根据第三段“Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗)if business for the employers is slow.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
9．Results　归纳概括题。综合右栏内容可判断。
10．another pay increase　组织信息题。根据最后一段“Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again.”可判断。
专题预测
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(一)
The key to learning is motivation. That’s why kids learn much better when they’re engaged in fun activities. Apart from outings and group activities that kids naturally love, the computer can be a very effective tool in motivating and helping kids learn.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
On the Internet, parents can find online content in form of interactive educational games, lively lessons and videos that naturally attract and engage kids. It’s proven that analytical games can sharpen mental skills and encourage logical thinking in children. Language lessons can be quite boring, but they can come alive in the form of games that teach phonics, reading, writing and even English grammar. Skills like counting, arithmetic, fractions(分数)can be taught quite effectively using games and puzzles. With few repetitions, kids can easily grasp these concepts and progressively move to higher numbers.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
When it comes to science and learning about natural world, there’s nothing better than animated(动画的)presentations and videos. Take plant life cycle for example. Think about watching a 5 minute long video of a seed growing into a plant. It’s definitely a lot more interesting than learning from a book. This makes all the difference in the kid’s learning process.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
We, as parents, have the responsibility to help our kids choose the right kind of online games and content. For early years, choose games that require using only the mouse and rely more on audio instructions. As kids grow, they will find other stuff on the Internet based on their likes and dislikes. Parents have to adopt an effective approach where they not only limit violent or mature content, but also offer alternatives in form of educational games that are really fun, engaging and challenging for the kids.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
All in all, just like television, if you make a proper choice, online educational games and videos can be entertaining as well as quite educative and help kids learn.
Title: Helping kids learn with 1.________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．online educational games　综合全文可判断。
2．motivate and help　根据第一段“Apart from outings and group activities that kids naturally love, the computer can be a very effective tool in motivating and helping kids learn.”可判断。
3．Benefits　综合右栏内容可判断。
4．Analytical games　根据第二段“It’s proven that analytical games can sharpen mental skills and encourage logical thinking in children.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
5．avoid boredom/avoid being boring　根据第二段“Language lessons can be quite boring, but they can come alive in the form of games that teach phonics, reading, writing and even English grammar.”可判断。
6．natural world　根据第三段“When it comes to science and learning about natural world, there’s nothing better than animated(动画的)presentations and videos.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
7．Parents’ responsibilities　根据第四段“We, as parents, have the responsibility to help our kids choose the right kind of online games and content”可判断。
8．using the mouse　根据第四段“For early years, choose games that require using only the mouse and rely more on audio instructions.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
9．growing　根据第四段“As kids grow, they will find other stuff on the Internet based on their likes and dislikes.”可判断。
10．entertaining and educative　根据最后一段可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(二) [2010·长沙月考]
Computer crimes are criminal activities, which involve the use of information technology to gain an illegal or an unauthorized(未经认可的)access to a computer system with the intention of damaging, deleting or altering computer data. Here are some types of computer crimes.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
The activity of breaking into a computer system to obtain an illegal access to the information stored on the computer system is known as hacking. The hackers can hack into several websites or personal accounts and threaten the security on the Internet.
Phishing is the act of attempting to acquire important financial or personal details by pretending to be a trustworthy source. Phishing is carried out through emails or by attracting the users to enter personal information through fake websites.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Computer viruses are computer programs that can copy themselves and harm the computer systems on a network without the knowledge of the system users. Viruses spread to other computers through the network, Internet or by the means of removable devices like CDs. Virus infections can crash computer systems, therefore destroying important computer data.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
The use of communication technology to bother other individuals is known as cyberstalking. Cyberstalkers often target the users by means of chat rooms, online forums and social networking websites to gather user’s information. Obscene(淫秽的)emails, abusive phone calls and other such serious effects have made it a type of computer crime.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
To avoid computer crimes, one should take some preventive measures. For example, avoid giving away personal details like credit card number, home address, etc. on the Internet. Financial trades should be carried out over the Internet only when you’re sure about its safety. Online shopping from suspicious websites should be avoided. Crimes are sure to end, as it is truth that always wins!
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Title: 1.________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．Computer Crimes　综合全文可判断。
2．Using information technology　根据第一段可判断。
3．Purposes　根据第一段可判断。
4．Means　综合右列内容再结合第五段“Cyberstalkers often target the users by means of chat rooms, online forums and social networking websites to gather user’s information.”的提示可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
5．its information illegally　根据第二段“The activity of breaking into a computer system to obtain an illegal access to the information stored on the computer system is known as hacking.”可判断。
6．financial or personal　根据第三段“Phishing is the act of attempting to acquire important financial or personal details by pretending to be a trustworthy source.”可判断。
7．removable devices　根据第四段“Viruses spread to other computers through the network, Internet or by the means of removable devices like CDs.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
8．Cyberstalking　根据第五段“The use of communication technology to bother other individuals is known as cyberstalking.”可判断。
9．Preventive measures　综合右栏内容再结合最后一段“To avoid computer crimes, one should take some preventive measures.”可判断。
10．Avoid online shopping　根据最后一段“Online shopping from suspicious websites should be avoided.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(三)
Gift wrapping refers to covering or enclosing a gift in any proper material. When we give this kind of wrapped gift to any of our dear ones it surely touches their soul and makes them feel happy. There are plenty of materials to wrap gifts like ribbons, boxes, and wrapping paper.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
When we decide to give a present to anyone, all we think is how attractively we can adorn(装饰)that present. Sadly, most of us forget that the commercially produced gift papers or gift wraps is a waste of energy. Production of wrapping papers uses energy even if made from recycled paper and the same is transported from one place to another. Even the inks and packaging used for production and transportation use a huge amount of energy that if not taken care of，it will definitely result in energy shortage in the long run.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Saving energy for future use doesn’t mean that we should stop wrapping gifts but alternatively we can use eco friendly gift wraps to make our gifts look attractive. The most environment friendly gift wrapping idea is that when we get any gift from our friends or loved ones, we should carefully remove the wrapping paper and use the same for wrapping when we want to wrap gifts.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Also we can use paints, stamps, and colored inks to make our own unique wrap material. We can even use newspaper, magazine papers, calendars, and wallpapers to enclose gifts. This may sound strange to some but it also looks good when used in a neat and effective manner. These days, calendars and wallpapers come with attractive and heart warming designs, art, and scenery that actually deliver a unique charm to any gift.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
The choices are endless if we wisely think over it. So, why not take a step ahead to save energy and use environment friendly gift wraps for our own personal needs
Title: Gift wrapping
Ⅰ.Definition
●Covering or enclosing a gift properly to touch our dear ones’ soul and 1.________.
Ⅱ.2.________
●Ribbons, boxes, and wrapping paper.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Ⅲ.3.________ on the environment
●Result in a waste of energy.
●4.________ of wrapping papers use energy.
●The inks and packaging use energy.
●5.________ in the long run.
Ⅳ.Eco friendly gift wrapping 6.________
●7.________ the wrapping paper received from others.
●Use paints, stamps and colored inks.
●Enclose gifts 8.________ with newspaper, magazine papers, calendars, and wallpapers.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Ⅴ.9.________
●Use environment friendly gift wraps to meet personal needs to 10.________.
1．please them/make them happy　根据第一段“When we give this kind of wrapped gift to any of our dear ones it surely touches their soul and makes them feel happy.”可判断。
2．Common materials　根据第一段“There are plenty of materials to wrap gifts like ribbons, boxes, and wrapping paper”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
3．Side effects　综合下列相应内容可判断。
4．Production and transportation　根据第二段“Production of wrapping papers uses energy even if made from recycled paper and the same is transported from one place to another.”可判断。
5．Cause energy shortage　根据第二段“Even the inks and packaging used for production and transportation use a huge amount of energy that if not taken care of，it will definitely result in energy shortage in the long run.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
6．ideas　根据第三段“The most environment friendly gift wrapping idea is that when we get any gift from our friends or loved ones, we should carefully remove the wrapping paper and use the same for wrapping when we want to wrap gifts.”可判断。
7．Recycle/Reuse　根据第三段“The most environment friendly gift wrapping idea is that when we get any gift from our friends or loved ones, we should carefully remove the wrapping paper and use the same for wrapping when we want to wrap gifts.”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
8．neatly and effectively　根据第四段“We can even use newspaper, magazine papers, calendars, and wallpapers to enclose gifts. This may sound strange to some but it also looks good when used in a neat and effective manner.”可判断。
9．Suggestion　根据最后一段“So, why not take a step ahead to save energy and use environment friendly gift wraps for our own personal needs？”可判断。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
10．save energy　根据最后一段“So, why not take a step ahead to save energy and use environment friendly gift wraps for our own personal needs？”可判断。(共60张PPT)
　　专题一　记叙文型语法填空
　　专题二　说明文型语法填空
　　专题三　议论文型语法填空
模块２　语法填空
模块２ 语法填空
考纲解读
模块２│ 考纲解读
　　语法填空是广东省自行设计的一种新题型， 具有一定的创新意义。主要的创新在于：在语篇层面上考查语言知识， 符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念；试题设计采用了填空方式， 而不是单项选择， 真正激活了学生的语言知识及应用能力， 对中学英语教学有较好的反馈作用；考试内容不仅涉及句子的语法结构， 还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用(比如：代词的指称涉及篇章的连贯等), 符合语言真实性的要求， 让学生在更加真实的语境中运用自己的语言知识。
命题分析
模块２│ 命题分析
　　主要考查的知识点：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。其命题特点如下：
　　1．短文长度：在150—200词左右，其中2007年高考题是197词，2008年高考题是185词，2009年高考题是220词。2010年高考题是182词。
模块２│ 命题分析
　　2．考查篇章理解。语法填空是以短文为载体，考查语法的同时，也考查了考生对语篇的理解。
　　3．考查基础语法。所填词语既要意思连贯和逻辑正确(符合语境), 又要语法正确。重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识。
　　4．命题形式：
　　(1)给出提示词题型：填实义词——用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3个小题。包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。
模块２│ 命题分析
　　(2)纯空格题型：填功能词——空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。这类题大约有7小题。
　　5．三年高考语法考点：
从考试说明的样题和近两年的高考题来看，实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。
模块２│ 命题分析
　　　　近三年语法填空题考点分布情况
考查知
识点分布 动词(含
非谓语) 形容词、
副词 连词、
从句、
引导词 介
词 代
词 冠
词 名
词
2008年 2个 2个 2个 2个 2个 0个 0个
2009年 3个 0个 1个 2个 2个 1个 1个
2010年 3个 2个 2个 1个 1个 1个 0个
应试点睛
模块２│ 应试点睛
　　语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文， 然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。此题的短文长度应在200词左右。学生在解答语法填空题时应具备以下语法知识：
模块２│ 应试点睛
　　一、语法填空的考查范围：
　　1．语境(上下文)；
　　2．语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词。
固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
　　(1) 动词：动词时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等知识。
　　(2) 引导词：注意一些从句的使用， 如：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
模块２│ 应试点睛
　　(3) 形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等知识。
　　(4) 介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语和动词短语的用法。
　　(5) 名词、冠词：注意名词的单、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法。
　　(6) 代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系。
　　(7) 并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比， 以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法。
模块２│ 应试点睛
　　(8) 句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： not…until…； not only…but (also)…； so…that…； not…but…； as…as…； either…or…； more…than…； neither…nor…； such…that…； hardly…when…； no sooner…than…等。
　　二、语法填空的能力要求：
　　1．阅读/理解语篇的能力
　　2．分析句子结构的能力
　　3．熟练运用语法的能力
　　4．单词拼写能力
模块２│ 应试点睛
专题一 记叙文型语
法填空
专题一 │ 记叙文型语法填空
专题导读
专题一│ 专题导读
　　记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体，在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：
　　1．以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，才使文章中所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。
　　2．广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。
专题一│ 专题导读
　　考生不要读一句就急于填答案，首先通读文章，了解文段中谈及的要点、发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等，要特别关注整篇文章的时态变换。
典例导练
专题一│ 典例导练
　　[2009 ·广东]
　　Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult 1.________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wished that he was as easy 2.________ (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.
　　Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not 3.________ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or 4.________ (push)you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
专题一│ 典例导练
Jane paused in front of a counter 5.________ some attractive ties were on display.“They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her.“Worth double the price.”But Jane knew from past experience that her 6.________ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
　　Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes 7.________ sale.She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 8.________.
专题一│ 典例导练
although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 8.________. 　
　　When Jane got home，with her small but well chosen present in her bag，her parents were already 9.________ table having supper.Her mother was excited，“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane 10.________ (inform)．
专题一 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 本文讲述Jane在圣诞节给父亲选礼物，因往年送父亲领带不能使父亲高兴，满以为这次买烟斗送父亲会让父亲高兴的，却被告知父亲终于戒烟了。
　　1．it　在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose…
　　2．to please　在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式。
　　3．a　表示“一次”愉快的经历。
　　4．pushed　与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。
　　5．where　两句之间没有连词；后句是定语从句，要填的词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
　　
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　6．choice　在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。
　　7．on　on sale表示“出售”，是固定搭配。
　　8．him　给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，作宾语用代词。please him使他高兴。him在此指her father。
　　9．at　名词(table)在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；由having supper可知，填at；因为at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。
　　10．was informed　因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时。　　
专题预测
专题一│ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　Two friends visited a zoo together, but the zoo was so large that it was impossible to go everywhere. They had to decide the place and which animals to visit as their time was limited. So both of them agreed not to retrace after 1.________(choose) a branch at every fork.
　　A road sign at the first fork showed one way to the lion quarters and the other 2.________the tiger hill. They decided on the former after a brief
专题一│ 专题预测
3.________(discuss) because lions were “the king of the grassland”. The second showed a division going 4.________(separate) to the panda and peacock; they favored a panda as 5.________was the nation’s treasure. Thus they made choices all along the way and each choice meant 6.________ (give) up what they couldn’t help regretting. But they had to make it, and immediately, for it brooked no delay. If they hesitated they would miss more. Only a rapid one could offer more chances for sightseeing and
专题一 │ 专题预测
7.________ (reduce) possibleregret. Life is more 8.________ less like this—choices often occur that one has to make, for example, between two desirable jobs, two fascinating wooers(追求者)—to get one, you have to give up the other—you could only get half of them. If you spend time weighing and calculating gains and 9.________ (lose), you will be most likely to end up in empty handedness. Don’t be sad about it. At least you have got half of the desirable things in life—something that 10.________ (be) hard to come by.
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　1．choosing　after后用动名词， 故用choosing。
　　2．way to或to
　　3．discussion　词性转换， 此处应为名词， 意为“经过一番讨论以后”。
　　4．separately　副词修饰现在分词going。
　　5．it　指上文的panda。
　　
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　6．giving　mean to do sth.意为“打算去做什么”；mean doing意为“意味着”。
　　7．reduce　并列谓语， 用原形， 因could为相同部分， 可省略。
　　8．or　固定短语 more or less, 意为“或多或少”。
　　9．losses　“损失”， 可数名词。
　　10．is　考查主谓一致， 定语从句的先行词为something, 故用is。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　When I walk down Third Avenue, I love to look 1.________the windows of the little shops that sell old and beautiful things. Since I often take my walk after closing time, I 2.________(cup) my hands against the windows to get a small 3.________ at the treasures inside. I see things that tell a story 4.________ words, bits of history, often something that 5.________ (be) clearly one of a kind. Some things look as if they have not been cared for deeply in a long time, but
专题一 │ 专题预测
I know their beauty is 6.________ there beneath their own surface. This is 7.________ I feel about old people, too. I know their value, and it hurts me when others miss it. I was raised by my grandmother and given a deep sense of the value of experience. My sister and I were taught to respect all people, regardless of their age, or co lor. My grandmother was loved by all the people around her 8.________ she was known to
专题一 │ 专题预测
be a wise and kind woman, able to do things well 9.________ in her last years. Old people should be treated 10.________fine gold. They may be tarnished by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　1．into　词组look into, 意为“往里看”。
　　2．cupped　构词法的考核， 名词转化为动词， 且是重读闭音节， 故双写p。
　　3．look　get a small look，意为“看了一眼”。
　　4．without　依据上下文可理解为：不用语言来讲述的故事。
　　5．is　考查主谓一致， 因先行词是something, 故用is。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　6．still　依据上下文的理解是：它们的美依然还在。
　　7．how　how I feel我感觉如何， 故用how。
　　8．because　因果关系。
　　9．even　依据上下文的理解：即便是在她的风烛残年， 她仍然能把事情做好。
　　10 ．as/like　treat sb./sth. as/like…把……当……看待。
专题二 说明文型语
法填空
专题二│ 说明文型语法填空
专题导读
专题二│ 专题导读
　　说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：
　　1．多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。
　　2．采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。
专题二│ 专题导读
　　分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。
典例导练
专题二│ 典例导练
　　[2010·广东省广州重点中学六校联考] 　
　　The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone 1.________ (need) it. Some people use the air to sustain them while 2.________(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves. 3.________ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make 4.________ magnificent life. Opportunity
专题二│ 典例导练
is 5.________ same way; it is everywhere. It is 6.________freely available that we take it for granted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success; it 7.________ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s 8.________(possible). Just as you
专题二│ 典例导练
need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed. It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, 9.________. You must make use of it. That’s not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you. It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but 10.________ matters is what you do with it.
专题二 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　1．needs　考查主谓一致， everyone后用第三人称单数的谓语动词。
　　2．seated　过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。
　　3．Others　句型：some…others…
　　4．a　一种奇妙的生活。
　　5．the 此处意为：机会也是如此。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　6．so　句型：so…that…
　　7．must be seized　依据上下文的理解， “有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功。”
　　8．impossible　依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能”， 故用“impossible”。
　　9．however/though　插入语， 意为“然而”。
　　10．what　引导主语从句。
专题预测
专题二│ 专题预测
　　Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from 1.________ of 500 years ago. In time, some languages become more important and 2.________ less important. Some even die 3.________ completely. If a language has a large number of speakers, or if it is very old, 4.________ may be differences 5.________ the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language
专题二│ 专题预测
may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese 6.________ (speak) for thousands of years by many millions of speakers. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are 7.________ great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China cannot understand each other. There are other kinds of dialects. In some languages
专题二│ 专题预测
we find words or expressions and even grammatical forms, 8.________ are used only by men and others used by women. What’s 9.________ (much), each generation uses its own expressions and grandparents and grandchildren may sometimes have difficulty 10.________(understand) each other.
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案
　　1．that　代替上文的the English。
　　2．others　句型“some…others…”， others后省略了become。
　　3．out　词组die out, 意为“绝种”。
　　4．there　there be句型。
　　5．in　in the way以这种方式。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　6．has been spoken　依据文章的理解应为现在完成时的被动语态。
　　7．so　so…that…句型。
　　8．which　引导非限制性定语从句， 修饰forms。
　　9．more　插入语：what’s more 更有甚者。
　　10．understanding　句型“have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something”。
专题三 议论文型语
法填空
专题三│ 议论文型语法填空
专题导读
专题三│ 专题导读
　　议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。
　　议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场(同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等等)，这种理解直接决定你的填词。仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意贯通、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。
典例导练
专题三│ 典例导练
　　[2010·广东]
　　A young man，while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.1.________water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to elder 2.________ had been his teacher.After a four day journey，the young man 3.________(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled 4.________(warm), and thanked his student very much
专题三│ 典例导练
for the sweet water.The young man went home 5.________a happy heart.
　　After the student left, the teacher let 6.________student taste the water. He spit it out,7.________(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 8.________？”
专题三│ 典例导练
　　The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 9.________(sweet)．”
　　We understand this lesson best 10.________we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.
专题三│ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 本文讲述的是一个中国寓言故事。
　　1．The　上文a spring of clear water为第一次提到water，下文紧接着第二次提到water，为特指。
　　2．who　who引导定语从句修饰限制an elder且作从句的主语。
　　3．presented　本句缺少谓语，由整篇文章知道时态为过去时。
　　4．warmly　修饰动词smile应用副词。
　　5．with　本处缺介词，构成介词短语，并且表伴随状态。
专题三│ 典例导练
　　6．another　由student单数可知前面代词应指一个人，由下文“He asked his teacher”可知是另一个学生。
　　7．saying　整句中已有谓语动词spit，故此处应填非谓语动词，又表伴随状态，用v ing形式。
　　8．it　由上文“the water was awfal”可知：是问为什么假装喜欢水，水为不可数名词，由代词it代替。
　　9．sweeter　用nothing与an act of kindness and love相对比。此题考查形容词比较级。
　　10．that　由that引导从句作this lesson的同位语，此题考查从句的连词选择。
专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　Sometimes things that happen to you may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but upon reflection, you will find that without overcoming them, you would 1.________ have realized your strength, willpower, or heart. Illness, injury, 2.________(lose) greatness, and stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life
专题三│ 专题预测
　3.________(be) like a smoothly paved road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and 4.________(true) pointless. If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you 5.________ (learn) about trust and the importance of being cautious 6.________ whom you open your heart.
专题三│ 专题预测
Make every day count, appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience 7.________ again. Talk to people that you have never talked to 8.________， and listen to what they have to say. You can make 9.________ you wish of your life. Create your own life, 10.________ live it with absolutely no regrets.
专题三│ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　1．never/not　依据上下文的理解， 在此应为否定。
　　2．lost　“丢面子”，相当于“greatness that is lost”。
　　3．would be　虚拟语气的考查。
　　4．truly　词性转换， true的副词应为truly, 注意拼写。
　　5．(to) learn　help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。
专题三│ 专题预测
　　6．to　open your heart to sb.，故用to。
　　7．it　指代上文的everything。
　　8．before　依据上下文理解应为before, 以前没有谈过话的人。
　　9．anything　你可以对生活中的任何东西寄予希望。
　　10．and　句型：祈使句＋and＋其他成分。
专题三│ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　I think it is our duty to work, but the lazy man wastes his time, and his life is 1.________ no use to himself or to others. The man who is 2.________lazy to work is the man who is likely ready to beg or to steal. Everyone when he is young should learn some useful work. But it is not enough 3.________ one should learn some kind of work. He should work hard, and 4.________waste his
专题三│ 专题预测
spare minutes. “Work while you work and play while you play” is as good a rule for young people 5.________ for old. There is no 6.________ aid to diligence than the habit of early rising, and this, like all other good 7.________is most easily formed in youth. There is an English saying “8.________ (lose) time never returns”. This means that everybody must be diligent, and must
专题三│ 专题预测
make good use of his time. One must study hard when he is young, so that he may succeed in his life and become useful to his country. I have never heard that those 9.________(be) diligent will become beggars, but lazy fellows will. 10.________， I should say that diligence is the mother of success.
专题三│ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　1．of　句型：be of no use/value/interest…， 可理解为be useless/valuable/interesting…
　　2．too　句型：too…to…， 此处意为“太懒而不做事”。
　　3．that　句型：It is…that…
　　4．never/not　此处意为“不能浪费业余时间”。
　　5．as　句型：as…as…
专题三│ 专题预测
　　6．better　此处意为“没有更好的……”。
　　7．habits
　　8．Lost　过去分词作定语， 意为“丢失的时间不再回来”。
　　9．being　现在分词作定语。
　　10．Therefore/So　依据上下文可知为因果关系。(共452张PPT)
　　专题一　人物传记型阅读理解
　　专题二　故事型阅读理解
　　专题三　新闻报道型阅读理解
　　专题四　广告应用型阅读理解
　　专题五　文化教育型阅读理解
　　专题六　历史地理型阅读理解
　　专题七　社会生活型阅读理解
　　专题八　科普知识型阅读理解
模块３　阅读理解
模块３　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块３│ 考纲解读
　　高考阅读理解要求考生在35分钟内完成4篇不同题材、体裁的短文理解和一篇信息匹配的文字材料。阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点， 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单的判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。 其具体要求为：
模块３│ 考纲解读
　　1．能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文。
　　2．把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间。
　　3．能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断。
　　4．理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络。
　　5．熟悉掌握实用性问题的用法，如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等文章。
命题分析
模块３│ 命题分析
　　2010广东高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：
　　1．体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛
体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。
　　2．语言地道，题型合理
　　材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型。
　　以下是广东省近3年高考自主命题阅读理解部分的特点及对照：
模块３│ 命题分析
应试点睛
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　一、掌握策略，战无不胜
　　阅读理解无论从难度和分数所占比重都是首先应该受到学生重视的，但很多学生在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解。
　　1.正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系
在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，但不要单纯地追求阅读速度。这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　
拿不准的心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。
　　2．正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选项的关系
高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在新课标的高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段，这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了考生的心理压力。为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型(是带
模块３│ 应试点睛
有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含 有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确把握句子的意义。
　　对待生词也应该采取同样的方法。首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　3．正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系
　　我们在做题时，没有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。然后针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　4．所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观
　　做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。同时，符合原文的选项是正确选项但不一定就是最佳选项，阅读题要求选的是最佳选项，有的选项从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　二、明确步骤，战无不胜
　　1．阅读题干，明确问题。在阅读文章之前，可以通过题干对文章进行初步了解。这样，在下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少了盲目性。
　　2．快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠。在第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有大致的了解，这是选出正确答案的前提。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　3．阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相关的材料并预选答案。可在文中相应处作标记，以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
　　4．带着问题略读原文，确定选项。答完所有题目后，再快速阅读一遍文章，检查各题所选选项是否正确。查看各题选项是否前后照应，与原文有无矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要线索。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　三、知己知彼，减少失误
　　有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：
　　1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
模块３│ 应试点睛
　　2．无中生有。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。这类选项的干扰较大。在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。
　　3．答非所问。选题与题目关系不大，选项没有针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。同学们在做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注意选项是否针对题目。
题型探究
模块３│ 题型探究
　　　【命题形式】
　　1．Which of the following statements is True(Not True)
　　2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned(or discussed)in the passage
　　3．What is the reason that…？
　　4．What do we know about…？
　　
　探究点一　　细节理解型
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　　5．How did the people know the couple’s problem
　　6．Why was the bike so important to the couple
　　【解题策略】
　　1. 掌握技巧，灵活运用
　　(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
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　　(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
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　　(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
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　　2. 了解特点，对症下药
　　(1)直接信息题
　　直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。
　　例　[2010·宁夏海南]
　　…
　　The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
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　　The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的) to wheelchair user.
　　The Shakespeare Coffee House(opposite the Birthplace).
　　(　　)A wheelchair user may need help to enter ________.
　　A．the House　　　　
　　B．the garden
　　C．the Visitor’s Centre
　　D．the exhibition hall
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　　【解析】 A　题干关键词为：wheelchair。根据选文中的“The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair user.”可知：对于轮椅使用者来说，可能进入房子有些困难，但是游客中心，展览厅还有花园都可以进入。由此可以直接得出答案。
　　【规律技巧提炼】
　　在解这类题时，大家可以采取“题干定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法。
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　　(2) 间接信息题
这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
　　例　To you，the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best—not the one that is the most
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competitive(有竞争力的)or the one has the best equipped rooms.
　　(　　)The author thinks you should choose the college that is ________.
　　A．well equipped 　　 B．competitive
　　C．suitable 　　　　　D．famous
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　　【解析】 C　从文中可以看出，作者认为选择学校的时候最重要的是学校要适合(fit)你，即选项C，而不是“装备 好的”、“有竞争力的”和“著名的”。
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　　(3)综合信息题
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。
　　例　[2010·湖北]
　　…
　　Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually
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knowssomething—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
　　(　　)Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.
　　A．give orders to the other
　　B．know more than the other
　　C．gain respect from the other
　　D．get the other to behave properly
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　　【解析】 C　题干的关键词是want to be right because，回原文定位到“Third, needing to be right.”。接着原文往下看“It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect.”
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这句话虽然看起来很复杂，但遇到插入语可以跳过不看(这里破折号中间的内容均为插入语)，将其省略，句子就会变得简单得多。又由于题干是对原因的提问，这里我们只重点看for后面的内容“for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect”，故答案为C。
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　　(4)是非辨别题
这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。
　　例　[2010·山东]
　　Christopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病), Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage,
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blindness, and even death. And if that weren’t bad enough, he had no health insurance.
　　After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar, and created , a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources.
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　　Jason Swencki’s son, Kody, was diagnosed with type diabetes at six. Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛) together most evenings. “Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site’s volunteers. “They know what he’s going through, so he doesn’t feel alone.”
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　　Kody is anything but alone: Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
These days, Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构), Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date—who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
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　　 Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full time job waiting tables. “Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure，” says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar’s original members. “But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”
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　　(　　)Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
　　A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
　　B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
　　C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.
　　D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
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　　【解析】 C　通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度，所以C项正确。A项与Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)three times a day for the rest of his life不符；B项与文中的Thomas开办网站、与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，而他的志愿工作才是运作Fight It 这个慈善机构。
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　　(5)事实排序题
这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生、发展的正确顺序。
　　例
　　…
　　A Russian lawyer yesterday said the country’s border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russia’s coast on Sunday.
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　　Alexander Selentsov, a law officer in Vladivostok city, told the Interfax News Agency the Russian border guards received orders from the Federal Security Service last weekend “to open fire” on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it from escaping Russia’s Nakhodka port.
　　“The order was carried out after radio warnings.”He said.
　　Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had fired on the ship after local media
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reported the incident and said severe weather caused the sinking.
　　Vladivostok Daily News the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon, said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.
　　The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to the crewmen’s cries for help, the report said.
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　　Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats, Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat. While the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian, was swallowed by waves.
　　…
　　
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　　(　　)Which is the right order of the ship sinking
　　a．New Star overturned and started sinking.
　　b．One lifeboat was swallowed by waves.
　　c．Russian warship fired upon New Star.
　　d．Sailors boarded two life boats.
　　A．a c b d 　　　　　 B．b a c d
　　C．c a d b 　　　　　D．d c a b
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　　【解析】 C　事实排序题。由文章的介绍可以看出：俄罗斯军舰开火发生在最前面，然后是“新星号”下沉，接下来是船员登上救生艇，最后是一艘救生艇被海水吞没。
　　【规律技巧提炼】
　　在具体的解答时可采用 “首尾定位法”。即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。
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　　(6)数据计算题
　　要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。
　　例　[2010·宁夏海南]
　　Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World
…
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　　…
　　(　　)How much is the admission for a family of two grown ups and two children
　　A．￡9.80. 　　　　　　B．￡12.00.
　　C．￡14.20. 　　　　　 D．￡16.40.
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　　【解析】 B　题干关键词为admission。由此可知，应该在第二个表格中寻找相关的信息。根据第二个表格中Family ￡12.0 (2 adults ＋ up to 3 children)，即是一家人(2个成年人和至多3个小孩)需要￡12.00。
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　　主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度比较大。细分起来，主要考查考生对文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图等的理解能力。
　　【命题形式】
　　1. 考查文章的中心思想
　　The main idea/key point of this passage is that…
　　The passage is mainly about…
　　From the passage we can learn/conclude that…
　　Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
　探究点二　　主旨大意型
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　　2．考查文章标题的选择
　　The best title/headline for this passage is…
　　Which of the following is the best title
　　What would be the best title for the text
　　The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is…
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　　【解题策略】
　　1. 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨
　　找准主题句是关键。寻找主题句多采用浏览法(skimming)。主题句通常在文章开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的
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第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。
　　2. 抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
　　寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
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　　3. 抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心
　　先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
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　　例1　[2010·四川]
　　…
　　Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.
　　…
　　
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　　(　　)What does the paragraph mainly talk about
　　A．The technical skills of a would be ROM.
　　B．The practical experience of a would be
ROM.
　　C．The personal information of a would be
ROM.
　　D．The necessary requirements for a
would be ROM.
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　　【解析】 D　主旨大意题。依据本段提供的信息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的知识及极好的交际技能等，可知本段主要讲对应聘职位者具体能力的要求。
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　　【规律技巧提炼】
　　新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此其第一段就是全文的主题句。另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章说明的中心或阐述的观点，等把一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，作者最后用一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句出现在文章的最后。
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　　例2　[2010·重庆]
　　One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
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　　We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked，
　　“May I get you something？”
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　　“A coffee would be nice.”
Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked，
　　“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath？”
　　“Who？”
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　　“The man you were sitting with. He is the chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
　　I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!
　　My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.
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　　(　　)What is the message mainly expressed in the story
　　A．We should learn to be generous.
　　B．It is honorable to help those in need.
　　C．People in high positions are not like 　
what we expect.
　　D．We should avoid judging people by their
appearances.
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　　【解析】 D　主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇末。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D。
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　　【规律技巧提炼】
　　有些说明文或议论文先指出一般的问题或现象，然后具体阐述正确的方式或作者自己的观点，等到把一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，最后用一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句出现在文章的最后。
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　　例3　[2010·江西]
　　Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
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　　He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
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　　With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇).
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The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic.Use your brain and think your way out of it.”
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　　On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. “Bees don’t like smoke，” he thought. “They couldn’t get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.
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　　Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the
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dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
　　“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic！” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
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　　(　　)Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees
　　A．No pains, no gains.
　　B．Once bitten, twice shy.
　　C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
　　D．In time of danger, one’s mind works
fast.
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　　【解析】 D　主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 躲入水中避险成功的故事。根据最后一段第二句Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！(谢天谢地你没有慌神！)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以判断选D。
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　　【规律技巧提炼】
　　阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，作者有时仅仅叙述事件所发生的时间或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。这时可以回顾全文来概括文章的主旨，具体方法是：
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　　1. 判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方还是一件事情或者是某一事情的过程。总之，人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。
　　2. 读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，一般来说文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章大意主旨方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。
模块３│ 题型探究
　探究点三　　词义猜测型
　　历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义猜测可以是一个单词的意义猜测，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义猜测，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的猜测。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【命题形式】
　　1．The underlined words “took off” in Paragraph 2 mean…
　　2．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
　　3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that…
　　4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph
　　
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　　5．The underlined phrase “turn his back on”(Paragraph 6)most probably means…
　　6．By saying “We need them yesterday”(Paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots…
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解题策略】
　　1. 根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义
　　句子中有些词其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。定义、解释多样，常用“to be defined as, to be called, that is to be, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语预示着下文对前文的信息加以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　2．依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义
　　运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手法下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：　　　　　　　　　　but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　3．依据逻辑推理猜测词义
　　运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化(词义引申)来猜测词义。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　例1　Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked_husband.
　　(　　)The underlined words “henpecked husband” probably mean a man who ________.
　　A．likes hunting　　B．is afraid of hens
　　C．loves his wife D．is afraid of his　wife
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　　【解析】 D　依据标点符号猜测词义。破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选D。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　例2　[2010·辽宁]
　　I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There，“I’m having a dinner party” means：“I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.”
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
　　A．Choice. 　　　　 B．Try.
　　C．Style. 　　　　　D．Goal.
　　【解析】 B　词义猜测题。依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。从第一句的hated，到But意义上的转折，说明尽管不喜欢，还是要“尝试一下”，所以try的意思更接近shot。
模块３│ 题型探究
　探究点四　　推理判断型
　　推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为以下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、
模块３│ 题型探究
人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
　　【命题形式】
　　1．It can be inferred from the passage(or the last paragraph)that…
　　2．It can be learned from the passage(or the last paragraph)that…
模块３│ 题型探究
　　3．It can be concluded from the passage(or the last paragraph)that…
　　4．It implies that…
　　5．Where would you most probably find this passage
　　6．What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
　　7．What is the author’s main purpose in this passage
　　8．The writer’s purpose in writing this story is…
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解题策略】
　　解答推理判断题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想。针对细节的推断，可首先通过辨认细节、事实的追忆技巧，了解并理解有关的事实或证据，然后运用查读法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，并对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，先根据主题思想，再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章
模块３│ 题型探究
内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申，也要借助常识作出合理的推断和判断。
　　1. 推测上下文的的内容
　　(1)推测下文的内容：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话，根据作者的思路进行推理。
　　(2)推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　2．根据事实细节，推断合理信息
　　推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　3．推断作者的观点
　　应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，注意能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。
　　4. 推测写作目的
　　不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 但写作目的通常有以下三种：
　　(1)娱乐读者，让人发笑(to entertain readers，to make people laugh)，常见于故事类的文章。
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(2)说服读者接受某种观点(to persuade readers)，常见于广告类的文章。
　　(3)告知读者某些信息(to inform readers)，多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　例　[2010·浙江]
　　My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing(用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought(旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I roller skated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
模块３│ 题型探究
　　There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees started dying，too.Next，the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
模块３│ 题型探究
　　As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month.The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
模块３│ 题型探究
　　The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn out areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　The chain link fencing and the bulldozers did their work.Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings.Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction.The neighborhood has changed without the park.The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now.Things will never be the same again.Sometimes_I_wonder，though，what_changes_another_drought_would_make_in_the_way_things_are_today.
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers
　　A．Scared.　　　　　　B．Confused.
　　C．Upset. 　　　　 D．Curious.
　　【解析】 C　推理判断题。根据第一段叙述了解到作者从四岁开始住在Southway Park对面。从第二段了解到作者小时候和朋友在公园里玩耍。而现在公园被围了起来，事实上，作者很失望、沮丧，自己不能去玩了，而且树都被砍掉了。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother
　　A．It was being rebuilt.
　　B．It was dangerous.
　　C．It became crowded.
　　D．It had turned into a desert.
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解析】 B　推理判断题。仔细阅读第四段，可以了解到：公园被废弃了，里面住着流浪汉，甚至有人贩毒，所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里，因为危险。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)3.According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park
　　A．The drought.
　　B．The crime.
　　C．The beggars and the rubbish.
　　D．The decisions of the city.
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　　【解析】 D　推理判断题。从第五段，可以明显地了解到：干旱结束了，但是政府仍然对公园不管不问，而是要重新规划这块废弃地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故选择D。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, ________.
　　A．the situation would be much worse
　　B．people would have to desert their homes
　　C．the city would be fully prepared in
advance
　　D．the city would have to redevelop the
neighborhood
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解析】 A　推理判断题。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的变化，变得更加拥挤了。从而作者有了另一种思考：如果再来一次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化。从而可推测作者隐射环境会变得更加糟糕。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　 　探究点五　　篇章结构型
　　最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已经成为了一种新颖而独立的阅读题型。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整篇文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的赏析能力。
　　【命题方式】
　　1．How is the passage organized
　　2．Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
　　
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　　3．What will the author most probably talk about next
　　4．The author develops the passage mainly by…
　　5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)…
　　6．The example of…is given to show/illustrate that…
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解题策略】
　　1．了解文章结构的组织形式
从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　2．了解文章的论证方法
从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： put forward a question →analyze the question → solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；argument/idea→evidence→conclusion/restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　3．了解文章的修辞手法
　　从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　例　[2010·北京]
　　The Cost of Higher Education
　　…
　　Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy(经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest(投资)and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are
模块３│ 题型探究
economically productive, you should also believe
that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
　　…
　　
模块３│ 题型探究
　　(　　)The author mentions businesses in the paragraph in order to ________.
　　A．argue against free university education
　　B．call on them to finance students’ studies
　　C．encourage graduates to go into business
　　D．show their contribution to higher
education
模块３│ 题型探究
　　【解析】 A　结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文可以看出作者是反对free higher education的。
专题一 人物传记型
　　　阅读理解　　　
专题一│ 人物传记型阅读理解
　专题导读
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方
专题一 │ 专题导读
法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。
　典例导练
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　[2010·湖南]
　　When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951，her mother told her，“Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out，you’ll have something to rely on.”Mary responded in typical teenage fashion.From that moment on，“the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course，”she recalls.
　　
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　The show business thing worked out，of course.In her career，Mary won many awards.Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom.“I don’t know how to use a computer，”she admits.
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　Unlike her 1995 autobiography，After All，her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes(糖尿病)．All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation(JDRF)，an organization she serves as international chairman.“I felt there was a need for a book like this，”she says.“I didn’t want to lecture，but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　But she hasn’t always practised what she teaches.In her book，she describes that awful day，almost 40 years ago，when she received two pieces of life changing news.First，she had lost the baby she was carrying and second，tests showed that she had diabetes.In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts(甜甜圈)．Years would pass
专题一 │ 典例导练
before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes，not let it control her.Only then did she kick her three pack a day cigarette habit，overcome her addiction to alcohol，and begin to follow a balanced diet.
　　Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced herto the sidelines of the
专题一 │ 典例导练
dance　floor，she refuses to fall into self pity.“Everybody on earth can ask，‘Why me？’about something or other，”she insists.“It doesn’t do any good.No one is immune(免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments.Sometimes we can make things better by helping others.I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time.I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”
专题一 │ 典例导练
(　　)1.　Why did Mary feel regretful
　　　　　A．She didn’t achieve her ambition.
　　　　　B．She didn’t take care of her mother.　
　　　　　C．She didn’t complete her high school.
　　　　　D．She didn’t follow her mother’s 　
　　　　　　 advice.
(　　)2.　We can know that before 1995 Mary
　　　　　________.
　　　　　A．had two books published
　　　　　B．received many career awards
　　　　　C．knew how to use a computer
　　　　　D．supported the JDRF by writing
专题一 │ 典例导练
(　　)3.　Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is
　　　　　mainly about her ________.
　　　　　A．living with diabetes
　　　　　B．successful show business
　　　　　C．service for an organization
　　　　　D．remembrance of her mother
(　　)4.　When Mary received the life changing
　　　　　news，she ________.
　　　　　A．lost control of herself
　　　　　B．began a balanced diet
　　　　　C．tried to get a treatment
　　　　　D．behaved in an adult way
专题一 │ 典例导练
(　　)5.What can we know from the last paragraph
　　　　A．Mary feels pity for herself.
　　　　B．Mary has recovered from her disease.
　　　　C．Mary wants to help others as much as
　　　　　 possible.
　　　　D．Mary determines to go back to the dance
　　　　 　floor.
专题一 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了玛丽·摩尔的职业生涯及其与病魔之争。
　　1. D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. ‘I don’t know how to use a computer，’ she admits.”可判断选D。
　　2. B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards.”可判断选B。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　3. A　细节理解题。根据第三段“her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes(糖尿病)．”可判断选A。
　　4. A　细节理解题。根据第四段“In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her.”可判断选A。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　5. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Mary Moore 所说的话“I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。
　专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　Roger Yonchien Tsien(born on February 1, 1952)is an American biochemist and a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego. He was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein(GFP)with two other chemists Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie.
　
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　Tsien had a number of top engineers in his extended family, including his father Hsue Chu Tsien ，who was a mechanical engineer and his mother’s brothers who were engineering professors at MIT. Both of Tsien’s parents came from Zhejiang Province, China. The famous rocket scientist Tsien Hsue shen, regarded as the co founding father
专题一 │ 专题预测
of JPL of Caltech and later the director of the Chinese ballistic missile program, is a cousin of Tsien’s father. Tsien’s brother Richard Tsien is also a renowned scientist at Stanford. Tsien, who calls his own work molecular engineering, once said, “I’m_doomed_by_heredity_to_do_this_kind_of_work”.
专题一３│ 专题预测
　He attended Harvard University on a National Merit Scholarship, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior. After completing his bachelor’s degree, he joined the Physiological Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England with the aid of a Marshall Scholarship. He received his PhD in physiology from Churchill College, University of Cambridge in 1977. He was a Research Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge from 1977 to 1981.
专题一│ 专题预测
Academic career
　　After completing his PhD at Cambridge University, he was appointed to the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1982 to 1989. Since 1989 he has been working at the University of California, San Diego, as Professor of Pharmacology and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
专题一│ 专题预测
Research
　　Tsien is renowned for revolutionizing the fields of cell biology and neurobiology by allowing scientists to peer inside living cells and watch the behavior of molecules in real time.
　In 2004, Tsien was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine. In 2006 he became a Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society in the UK. Dr. Tsien also helps promote science education to promising young scientists through the first ever Lunch with a Laureate Program.
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)1. We can infer from the article ________.
　　　　 A．Roger Yonchien Tsien was born in 　　　
　　　　　 China and brought up in America
B．Roger Yonchien Tsien’s family seem 　　　
　　　　　 to have a great gift for science
C．Roger Yonchi achieved more
achievements than Osamu Shimomura
and Martin Chalfie
D．Tsien Hsue shen is the nephew of
Roger Yonchien Tsien
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)2. The underlined word “renowned”
　　　　 probably means ________.
　A．new　　　　　　B．well known
C．good D．reliable
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)3. What did Tsien mean when he said “I’m
　doomed by heredity to do this kind of
work”？
A．His teacher asked him to do the work.
B．He has to do such kind of work for 　　　
　　　　 　 he has no other interest.
C．His parents force him to do research
into the science.
D．He was born to study science because
there are so many scientists in his
family.
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)4. Which of the following might be a
　university
A．GFP. B．Phi Beta Kappa.
　 C．MIT. D．San Diego.
(　　)5. Which of the following can be chosen as
the best title
A．Roger Y. Tsien Won Nobel Prize for
2008
B．Roger Yonchien Tsien and His Family
C．The Great Achievements of Mr. Tsien
D．A Short Introduction of Roger Y.
Tsien
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　 (一)
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了Roger Yonchien Tsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历、学术研究等。
　　1．B　推理判断题。通过第二段“Tsien had a number of top engineers in his extended family”以及此段后面列举的Roger Yonchien Tsien家族的父辈、祖父辈等都是科学家之类的表述得知他们家族很有科研方面的天赋。而A中的“born in China”文中没有提到，虽然有说他的父母是从浙江过去的。由文中第一段“He was
专题一 │ 专题预测
awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)with two other chemists Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie.”并不能说明他获得的成就高于另外两人。通过“The famous rocket scientist Tsien Hsue shen, regarded as the co founding father of JPL of Caltech and later the director of the Chinese ballistic missile program, is a cousin of Tsien’s father.”可以看出D的表述刚好反过来了。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　2．B　词义猜测题。通过上文对Roger Yonchien Tsien这位科学家获得2008诺贝尔化学奖以及后文对他在科研方面突出成就的描述可以猜出，此处的renowned应该是 “闻名于世”的意思。
　　3．D　推理判断题。通过第二段对他家族如此多的科学家的表述，最后再用“Tsien, who calls his own work molecular engineering, once said, ‘I’m doomed by heredity to do this kind of work’”．由此推测这句话最可能的意思就是祖祖辈辈遗传下来，让我命中注定要做这个工作的。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　4．C　细节理解题。由第二段“including his father Hsue Chu Tsien，who was a mechanical engineer and his mother’s brothers who were engineering professors at MIT”得出，MIT一定是个地名。而前面又说是professors, 故它最有可能是个大学名字。A错误，是因为第一段“the green fluorescent protein (GFP)”；B错误，是因为第三段“He attended Harvard University on a National Merit Scholarship,
专题一 │ 专题预测
where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior.”其中哈佛大学才是university; D错误，是因为第四段“Since 1989 he has been working at the University of California, San Diego，”从中可以看出，加利福尼亚大学在San Diego市。
　　5．D　标题归纳题。A、B、C均不全面。前三段对Roger Yonchien Tsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历分别进行了介绍。
专题一│ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was born in Gary, Indiana. He was the seventh child out of nine children in his family. Michael was often physically abused by his father, beaten up and also verbally abused. But Michael also owed his success to his father’s being strict.
　　
专题一│ 专题预测
　　Michael was always an entertainer. Even when he just joined school, he would perform in front of friends and classmates. Michael started his professional music career at the age of 11, as a member of The Jackson Five.
专题一│ 专题预测
　　He’s well known for increasing the popularity of MTV through his music videos. Before this, music videos were made just to promote the albums. But Michael’s videos managed to change that in videos being made as an art, and for big business. Some of the music videos that are good examples of this fact are Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller. Through these works of his, the world got caught onto the idea of music videos and dedicated music video channels.
　　
专题一│ 专题预测
　　Michael enthralled his fans and audiences with his style of singing, dressing, and his complex dance moves, especially the “moonwalk”. The moonwalk is something that people from every part of the globe loved and tried to imitate. People have also done mass moonwalks all around to show their love towards him.
专题一│ 专题预测
　　Michael Jackson supported 39 charities. Through his work and various foundations, he raised and donated millions toward charity, much more than any other showman. He had great love for children, especially the poor ones, and he felt children were the next best thing after God.
　　
专题一│ 专题预测
　　
　　Michael planned to start a 50 concert tour in July 2009. Sadly, on 25th June, 2009, Michael passed away at home. Michael Jackson was a great performer, showman and entertainer, besides the good human and charitable person that he was. It’s very unlikely that there will ever be another entertainer like Michael Jackson ever again.
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)1. Which of the following topics is not
　　　　 described about Michael Jackson in the
passage
　　　　 A．Childhood.　　　B．Personal life.
　　　 C．Music career. 　D．Charity.
(　　)2. According to the passage, Michael
　　　　 Jackson ________.
　　　　 A．lived a happy life as a child
　　　　 B．fell in love with music at 11
　　　　 C．loved performing at school
　　　 D．was grateful to his father since his
childhood
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)3. In the author’s opinion, as an entertainer
Michael Jackson’s greatest contribution is
________.
　　　　 A．joining The Jackson Five in 1969
　　　　 B．making MTV become popular
　　　　 C．creating music video channels
　　　　 D．popularizing mass moonwalks
(　　)4. The underlined word “enthralled” in 　
　　　　 Paragraph 4 most probably means ________.
　　　　 A．encouraged 　　　B．developed
　　　　 C．attracted 　　　 D．puzzled
专题一│ 专题预测
(　　)5.　The purpose of the passage is to ________.
　　　　　A．call on readers to learn from Michael
　　　　　　 Jackson
　　　　 B．show love and respect for Michael
　　　　　　 Jackson
　　　　 C．prove that Michael Jackson is a great
　　　　　　 person
　　　　 D．offer readers some facts about Michael
　　　　　　 Jackson
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
　　【文章大意】 文章在分别介绍迈克尔·杰克逊的童年、音乐事业、慈善事业之后，给予了他高度的评价。
　　1．B　段落大意题。文章第一段介绍迈克尔·杰克逊的童年，第二至四段介绍他的音乐事业，第五段介绍他的慈善事业，最后一段讲述他的死亡及其对他的评价，全文没有介绍他的私人生活，故选B。
　　2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Michael was always an entertainer. Even when he just joined school, he would perform in front of friends and classmates.”可判断选C。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　3．B　细节理解题。综合第三段尤其根据该段第一句“He’s well known for increasing the popularity of MTV through his music videos.”可判断选B。
　　4．C　词义猜测题。根据下文“The moonwalk is something that people from every part of the globe loved and tried to imitate.”中“loved and tried to imitate”的提示可推断画线词为“迷住、吸引”之意，故选C。
　　
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　5．D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了迈克尔·杰克逊的童年、音乐事业、慈善事业，及其对他的评价。由此可推断，文章写作目的旨在让读者了解迈克尔·杰克逊，由此推断选D。
专题二 故事型阅
　　　读理解　　　
专题二│ 故事型阅读理解
　专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、
专题二 │ 专题导读
经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。阅读时应特别注意：(1)一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2) 哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　[2010·北京改编]
　　　　　　　Goldie’s Secret
　　She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.No way could I have sent her away.No way，not me anyway.Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before.“We’re moving house.” “No space for her any more with the baby coming.”“We never
　典例导练
专题二 │ 典例导练
really wanted her，but what could we havedone？She was a present.”People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal.And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
　　I called her Goldie.If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name.She was so unsettled during those
专题二 │ 典例导练
first few days.She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.There was nothing I could do to make her happy，it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner’s. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down.Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　That’s why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk.We were a long way from home，when she started barking and getting very restless.Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.
　　
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie.But when I saw her licking(舔) the four puppies(幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them.“We didn’t know what had happened to her，”said the woman at the door.“I took her for a walk one day，soon after the puppies were born，and she just disappeared.”“She must have tried to come back to them and got lost，”added a boy from behind her.
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　I must admit I do miss Goldie，but I’ve got Nugget now，and she looks just like her mother.And I’ve learnt a good lesson：not to judge people.
(　　)1. How did the author feel about Goldie
when Goldie came to the house
　　　　 A．Shocked. 　B．Sympathetic.
　　　　 C．Annoyed. D．Upset.
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)2. In her first few days at the author’s
house，Goldie ________.
A．felt worried B．was angry
C．ate a little D．sat by the fire
(　　)3. Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one
day because she ________.
A．saw her puppies
B．heard familiar barkings
C．wanted to leave the author
D．found her way to her old home
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)4. The passage is organized in order
of ________.
A．time B．effectiveness
　　　　 C．importance D．complexity
　　
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)5. Which of the following is TRUE according
to the passage
A．Goldie was given to the author as a
present by some kind friends.　　　 　
　　　　 B．Goldie didn’t like the author’s 　　　
　　　　　　home so she went away in the end.
C．Goldie gave birth to the four puppies
after she was taken out for a walk one
day.
　　　　 D．Nugget was the only one which looked
like her mother Goldie.
专题二 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 文章讲述了一只狗(Goldie)的故事：它从原先的家中走失，被作者收养。后来有一次和作者出去散步时找到了自己原来的家和小狗。
　　1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段的描写，尤其是“No way could I have sent her away.”可以知道作者对Goldie非常同情。
　　2. A　细节理解题。根据第二段“She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.”可知答案为A。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　3. D　推理判断题。根据第三段，尤其是最后一句“Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.”推断答案为D。
　　4. A　文章结构题。纵观全文，作者从Goldie的到来和离开，按时间顺序描写。
　　
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　5．C　细节理解题。A出处在第一段，并不是友人送的，而是被遗弃在作者门前，作者出于同情收养的。作者把它看成一件天赐的礼物而已。 B在文章倒数第二段最后两句有说明，Goldie可能是找不着家了才走丢的。C 在倒数第二段“‘We didn’t know what had happened to her，’” said the woman at the door. ‘I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared.’”可以得知。 D 出处在最后一段，“only”不准确。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　Angus MacLeod was fifty and he had spent his entire life as a shepherd in the remote mountainous region of northwest Scotland. He had never owned a radio or television nor had he travelled further than forty kilometres from his birthplace. His knowledge of the world was
　专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
gained only from his brief trips to the village to sell his sheep and buy food. However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill walkers in the region as sources of international news.
　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　In the spring of 1992, a Spanish student came across Angus high in the mountains. Eager to practise his English he engaged Angus in conversation. The student told Angus of the forthcoming Olympic Games in Barcelona.Excited by the student’s colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　The ticketless Angus stood outside the stadium with his canny brain working overtime, watching a growing number of individuals entering the stadium through a small entrance at the side. He noticed that they all seemed to be carrying objects. Perhaps they were workmen, he thought. He moved closer and watched.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　Within minutes a thin young man came along carrying an extremely long pole. He approached the official at the door and said “Pole Vault”. The official moved to the side and the man entered. Next came a heavy set man with a spear. Angus wondered how a man could carry
专题二 │ 专题预测
such a dangerous weapon in a modern city. The man shouted “Javelin” and was pleasantly admitted. Angus was puzzled. Perhaps they were all connected with security. His puzzlement grew when a huge man appeared with a steel ball in his hand. He shouted “Shot Putt” and walked past the official.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　It suddenly dawned on Angus that these people were competitors. He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading “events” he saw the three words the men had said. Angus laughed to himself as a plan began to take shape in his mind. First he needed to buy one or two things.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　An hour later he reappeared dressed in a tracksuit with “Scotland” written across the chest. Over his shoulder he carried a roll of barbed wire(铁丝网). Smiling to himself he walked up to the official and as casually as he could, shouted, “Fencing！”
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Which was Angus’ new way of getting
information about the outside world
　　　　A．Traveling from his birthplace.
　　　　B．Listening to radio and watching TV.
　　　　C．Going to the nearby village to
　　　　 sell sheep.
D．Talking to hill walkers in the
region.
　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.What are “Javelin” , “Pole Vault”，
“Shot Putt” and “Fencing” in the
passage
　　　　A．Olympic events.
　　　　B．Names of competitors.
　　　　C．Security weapons.
　　　　D．Names of countries.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3. From the passage we can learn that
________.
　　　　A．more and more people went to Scotland to
practise their English
　　　　B．the Spanish student’s description of his
country excited Angus
　　　　C．Angus had been planning a trip to
Barcelona to see the Olympic Games
　　　　D．Angus became a member of the Scottish
Olympic team
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.From the passage we know that Angus
seemed to be ________.
　　　 A．poorly informed 　　　
　　　　B．intelligent
　　　　C．strong minded
　　　　D．athletic
　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.What do you expect the official to
do in the end
　　　　A．Help him carry the wire.
　　　　B．Refuse to let him in.
　　　　C．Give him a close inspection.
　　　　D．Lead him to the competition.
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　【文章大意】 文章向我们描述了一位生活在大山里，而又很渴望了解外面世界的一个孩子了解世界的方式以及他的反应。
　　1．D　细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句话“However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill walkers in the region as sources of international news.”可知这是他除了父亲之外的一个新的获取信息的方式。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　2．A　细节理解题。倒数第二段告诉了我们“He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading ‘events’ he saw the three words(就是上文提到的‘Javelin’， ‘Pole Vault’， ‘Shot Putt’) the men had said.”可知答案，关键词为“events”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　3．B　细节理解题。由第二段的“Excited by the student’s colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona.”可以看出，这位西班牙学生的描述使Angus很兴奋。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　4．A　推理判断题。第一段告诉我们，50岁的Angus MacLeod 生活在大山里，消息比较闭塞，没有收音机也没出过远门，只能从来爬山的人那里了解一些情况。下文也告诉我们，下文的他对听到的消息兴奋的表现(看到运动员带着装备进去他也拿了铁丝网要进场)也证明了这一点。由此可见poorly informed(意为“孤陋寡闻的”)最能描述他。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　5．B　推理判断题。文章告诉我们，那些拿着装备的人都是参赛者(competitors)，而他不是参赛者，肩上扛着“a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网)”，并且“as casually as he could, shouted，”肯定会被拒之门外的。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　I still remember the days when I was a youthful student in an engineering school. I lived a casual life, without caring about the future. I smoked, drank with friends and made girlfriends. Little did I realize that casualness would certainly lead to loss.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　
　　Two years had passed and I was staring down a report card that highlighted FAIL in more than half the subjects. I didn’t care, at least not till my dad found out about it. You see, I studied in India and unlike the United States where the students are expected to finance their own education, my dad financed me.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　
　　Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking. He lost his temper but he just told me, “Son, your allowance is cut IN HALF from this moment on”. It hit me like a roundhouse kick(回旋踢)from Bruce Lee. I was jolted(震摇)out of my bones! I couldn’t comprehend how to pay off the
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　
debts that I had accumulated in college. I owed everybody money: the grocery store, the bars, the restaurants, my friends, etc. I was living a life filled with credit.
　　When I went back to college, I knew that if I don’t change the way I live my life I won’t be able to pay everybody off. So I
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　
decided to make some changes, drastic changes. I quit smoking, cut off from my friends who led me down the wrong road, started hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　
　　One year later, I went from a miserable failure to a magna cum laude(优等成绩). Life_was_never_the_same_again. This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it, however small or large. Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up. It reminds me that I can do it!
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.　The author wrote this passage with
the purpose of ________.
　　　　　 A．introducing his university life
to the readers
B．encouraging those lazy
students to study hard at
school
C．showing you can overcome any
difficulty if you take action
D．calling on the readers n(共51张PPT)
专题一 记叙文型短文改错
专题二 应用文型短文改错
专题三 议论文型短文改错
模块5 短文改错
模块5　短文改错
考纲解读
模块 5 │ 考纲解读
高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。
命题分析
模块 5 │ 命题分析
2009/2010年新课标区短文改错透析
考区 年份 体裁 题材 词数
海南、
宁夏 2010
记叙文 朋友在美国经历的一件趣事
112
2009
应用文
(书信)
第一周大学生活描述
128
浙江 2010 记叙文 一件就餐时的小事，表现了妈妈的爱心
108
2009
夹叙夹议
一位卡车司机——先人后己的活雷锋
105
模块 5 │ 命题分析
辽宁 2010
记叙文
我班的小女孩Christine 88
2009
记叙文
一次自己卖报筹钱买自行车的经历
105
陕西 2010 记叙文 姐姐买杯子时发生的尴尬事 110
模块 5 │ 命题分析
从近几年的高考短文改错题看，试题具有下面的特点：
1．选材
短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般在110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。
模块 5 │ 命题分析
2．考点
短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错、错词、缺词和多词等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
应试点睛
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
作为一个与时俱进的新题型，新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失分较多的题型。原因有两个方面：一是错误的不确定性。这主要是因为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每行可能有两个错误。二是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
一、答题原则严遵守
1．“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住“√”、“——”、“∧”、“\”分别表示准确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。
2．“四不改”原则：①单词拼写不改；②大小写不改；③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；④标点符号不改。
3．“五改动”原则：①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；②一对一原则(一行一错，一错一词)；③错误以改动最少为原则；④虚词以添加或者删除为原则；⑤实词以改变形式为原则。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
二、解题步骤须牢记
首先，通读全文，掌握大意
　　要快速阅读全文，注意语境和有关提示。短文改错题的语篇意识年年在强化，错误常常“隐藏”在短文中，因此要集中精力，努力进入阅读状态和文章角色，迅速提炼、优化短文中的直接信息和间接信息，激活有关背景知识。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
其次，整句理解，上下兼顾
要在规定的时间之内，注意以句子为单位，分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系，运用所学知识多角度、多层次地去发现问题和解决问题。改错的过程是在一个特定的语境下进行的，考生在对文章进行阅读并基本理解之后，对难句、长句，要从语法的角度对句子成分进行分析。对于那些还不能立即作答或自我感觉比较困难的题目，不必拘泥于其顺序排列。随着对文章具体语言情景的逐渐把握，随着题目的答题范围逐步缩小，就会有豁然开朗，茅塞顿开的感觉。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
最后，对照答案，复读全文
注意检查修正后的文章是否意思通畅，结构完整。要排除答题不会有错或答题有错也难以发现的心理定势的干扰，认真对照答案，从头到尾快速通读一遍，进一步加深对文章的理解，检查修正后的文章是否意思通畅、结构完整，是否前后联系、首尾呼应。
对无把握的题目，考生也要根据对文章信息的整合，试着从上下文、语感、语法和词义等多角度来进行分析、推断，迅速进行优化决断。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
三、常见错误记于心
1．不一致性
主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。
【典例】 [2010·辽宁] …care what the rest of us thought about her. Like the rest of my classmate…
【解析】 考查名词的单、复数一致。classmate改为classmates。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
2．行文逻辑
这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。
【典例】 [2010·浙江] After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me(I)，” said Mother cheerfully.
【解析】 考查行文逻辑。So 改为But。根据前后语境，此处应表示转折关系。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
3.词性、词形
主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。
【典例】 [2010·辽宁] …black sports shoes and a black sweater ，although (even) in the summer.She was ，in fact, rather attractively，…
【解析】 考查词性错误。attractively改为attractive。作表语，应该用形容词。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
4．动词的变化
主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。
【典例】 [2010·浙江] “Excuse me，” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。put改为putting。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。she与put是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
5．特殊疑问词、连词和引导词
【典例】 [2009·海南、宁夏] No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。what改为how。句意是：如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用how。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
6．多词错误
多词错误一般有如下几种类型：(1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中的成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余；(8)多余小品词to等。
【典例】 [2010·辽宁] I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
【解析】 考查多余介词。去掉for。except that直接接宾语从句，无需再用介词for。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
7．缺词错误
缺词现象常见有：(1)缺系动词；(2) 缺介词；(3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；(4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；(5) 缺连接词； (6) 缺否定词；(7) 缺不定式符号to等。
【典例】 [2010·浙江] I notice (noticed) Mother looking at a nearby table occupy (occupied) by an elderly woman and young couple.
【解析】 在young之前加上a。从下文可知是一对夫妇，所以需加冠词。
题型探究
模块 5 │ 题型探究
短文改错题旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面：
模块 5 │ 题型探究
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
　探究点一　词法型
模块 5 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·陕西] The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister，…
【解析】 embarrassing 改为embarrassed。这里描述的是人的状态，所以要用以ed结尾的形容词。
【典例2】 [2009·浙江] The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella…
【解析】 a改为an。umbrella 第一个字母为元音音素，但此处表泛指，所以用不定冠词an。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
语法、句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
【典例1】 [2010·陕西] It was(was) turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shelf by mistake.
【解析】 that改为which。代替指物的先行词，引导一个非限制性定语从句，所以要用which。
　探究点二　语法、句法型
模块 5 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·陕西] My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.
【解析】 wanted后加 to。want to do sth.为固定用法。
模块 5 │ 题型探究
语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
【典例】 [2010·陕西] My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。are改为 were。时间状语为the other day(不久前的某一天；几天以前)，所以应该用一般过去时。这样也和前文的saw及后文的liked时态保持一致。
　探究点三　语篇型
专题一 记叙文型短
文改错
专题 一 │ 记叙文型短文改错
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·海南、宁夏] 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US，which was very interested.One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold，he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.On the box was a card say：“25 cents each.”“You will never sell these for that much，”he told Nick.Convinced，Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece.Without a moment’s delay，my neighbor picked up the box but announced：“I’ll take them.”
专题 一 │ 真题再现
【答案】
专题 一 │ 真题再现
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because of the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus and what was worse, the bus ran out of gas and it is very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw what happened. He and some villagers managed to open the door and helped all of them out of bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally helps came. All of them were thankful with their help.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【答案】
专题 一 │ 专题预测
专题二 应用文型短
文改错
专题二 │ 应用文型短文改错
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 [2009·海南、宁夏] 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
Dear Mrs Winthorp，
So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
I’m glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.
Well, I had better to stop now. I’m going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got some preparation to make. Keep in touch.
Best，
Carol
专题 二 │ 真题再现
【答案】
专题 二 │ 真题再现
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
Good morning!
Today, my topic is the valuable of time.Time, like the proverb says, is money.This means that if our time is good spent, it will turn out a lot of useful and important piece of work when the proper opportunity come.Although all time is precious, the time of our youth is more precious than any period of our existence because this is the period which we can acquire knowledge and develop our abilities.If we allow these morning hours to slip away, we shall never able to make up the loss.
Let those who think nothing of waste time remember this.Thank you for your listening!
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【答案】
专题 二 │ 专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 (二) [2010·哈尔滨模拟]
Dear Jin Jing，
Your problem is common one among middle school students.Maybe the following advices can help you.First in all，believe in yourself.Your greatest problem is that you lack self confidence.The first thing you must do is to smile at your classmate.One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any word.Your smile will show that you are friendly to him.Next，trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you.You can discuss your studies with a classmate，and you can also talk about your hobbies as well.Unless anyone is in trouble，you should be ready to help him or her.Once you have confidence，you can make as many friends as possibly.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【答案】
专题 二 │ 专题预测
专题三 议论文型短
文改错
专题 三 │ 议论文型短文改错
真题再现
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 [2010·重庆改编] Here is my idea about how a friend is like. Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets. If you tell him a secret, never will he talks about it with anybody else. Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes him happily too. What’s more, a good friend is willing to offer the help to which you need, or can at least give you some advices. In a word, friends are those you like and trust, and you will enjoy every minute that you spent with them.
专题 三│ 真题再现
【答案】
专题 三│ 真题再现
专题预测
专题 三│ 专题预测
[2010·吉林省实验中学九次模拟] A few years ago, some tourists pay no attention to environmental protection.They threw waste things about, like plastic bags, fruit skins and waste papers.Sometimes they broke trees, picked up flowers and killed birds; some even made fires in the woods to cook for picnics.What dangerous it was! Fortunate, great changes have been taken place here.All the tourists have got used to put their rubbish into dustbins.But they are making great efforts to protect birds and plants as well.They bring our own meals prevent any accidental fire.All these should be appreciated.
专题 三│ 专题预测
【答案】
专题 三│ 专题预测(共181张PPT)
专题一 名词
专题二 动词
专题三 动词短语
专题四 形容词与副词
专题五 介词短语
模块 1　多项选择
模块 1　多项选择
考纲解读
模块 1 │ 考纲解读
高考英语湖北卷的有关“词汇知识运用”部分的第一节名称是“多项选择”。无论是单项填空还是多项选择都是从多个选项中选择唯一正确的答案，只是称呼不同而已。湖北高考英语的《补充说明》对这一题型的措辞是这样的：“多项选择题测试的重点为英语词汇知识的运用”。也就是说，该部分考纲要求考生掌握词汇的基本含义和用法(包括每年湖北的新增词汇)。
命题特点
模块 1 │ 命题特点
分析比较湖北高考多项选择题部分，不难发现以下特点：
1．考查内容
从2007至2010年湖北卷的“多项选择”试题看，这部分考点只涉及名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、副词和介词短语六大项，不涉及代词、冠词、连词、情态动词、单个介词等其他词类。
2．考查方式
湖北多项选择题考查的方式较少涉及同义词或近义词的辨析，考查的重点在于在透彻理解语境的前提下，选择符合语境意义的最佳选项。在此意义上，可以说湖北多项选择试题其实就是“小语境”的完形填空。当然，除了意义上的辨析选择之外，对于词的搭配、词性的活用和一词多义现象也偶有涉及。比如：2007年考查词语搭配attitude towards；2009年考查词性转移(名词用作动词)shelter“庇护”。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
3．选项特点
所给选项的表现形式一致，四个选项的词性整齐划一，要么都是名词、形容词、副词或要么都是谓语动词、介词短语等，词性之间不相互交叉。试题选项大部分都是平时其他考区较少出现的词汇，有些词汇比较生僻或不太常见，但这些词汇都是考纲词汇或湖北考区近年来的考试说明中的补充词汇。比如：2009年考查副词approximately，形容词alternative等。因此湖北卷该部分对考生的词汇知识和理解能力提出了较高的要求，考查难度明显高于其他考区。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
4．题干特点
湖北卷多项选择题的题干较长，有清晰的语境提示。有的题干甚至超出了20个词。题干的语言颇具特色，具有较强的时代感、浓厚的生活气息和较强的现实指导意义，体现了英语的实用与交际功能。比如：2009年25题 character building,27题 alternative energy；2010年22题“地震”话题等。
模块 1 │ 命题特点
题型分类
湖北高考多项选择题在语言知识的考查方面遵守了以词性为依托，并主要考查实词词义的命题规律，在语言运用的考查方面体现了“语言运用＋语言情景”的交际性原则，按照这种命题模式我们可以把该题型分为如下两类：
一、语境型词义辨析类
词汇试题考查的重点一般在动词、名词、形容词、副词和介词的词义辨析以及由这些词所构成的短语上。考试的难点一般是在特定的语境下考查形近词，同义词或近义词辨析和常用短语等，可谓是“小语境”的完形填空或者
模块 1 │ 题型分类
完形填空的“前奏曲”。做此类题目时切忌选题过于求难、求多、求偏、求怪，过于注重细节的把握与具体词汇的细微差别的比较和辨析。仔细研究历年的湖北高考英语试题中的词汇辨析题，我们发现了一条根本的经验，就是考生应该牢牢掌握基础词汇的基本用法和常用词汇的常规用法，大可不必花大力气去贪多求异。复习时要强化对第三册考纲实词的记忆。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
例 [2010·湖北] (　　)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ for the homeless families.
A．accommodation　　B．occupation
C．equipment D．furniture
模块 1 │ 题型分类
【解析】 A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震过后，当地政府首先要做的事情当然是给失去家园的家庭提供住宿。accommodation 意为 “住宿”。
二、结构型习语搭配类
英语句子中词语和词语之间有许多的“习惯搭配”或“固定用法”，主要表现在冠词与名词的搭配，名词、形容词、动词与介词的搭配等。这些习惯搭配一方面为我们做题提供了一个风向标，使我们常常会凭借“习惯搭配”的经验，很容易地选择出正确答案；另一方面，由于介词词义的复杂性，在特殊的语境中，这些“习惯搭配”也会发生一定的变化，特别是有些试题经过巧妙伪装，貌似“习惯搭配”，给考生以错觉。答题时，考生首先要搞清楚所考的习语或搭配是由那几个词构成的，每个词的作用以及它们的位置关系如何等等，这就需要在平时学习中要注意识记、巩固和积累。
模块 1 │ 题型分类
例1　(　　)Despite such a big difference in ________ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
A．point B．idea
C．attitude D．sight
模块 1 │ 题型分类
【解析】 C　考查名词词义及其与介词搭配。句意：尽管在对待个人饮食的看法上有着天壤之别，但是毫无疑问西方人把中餐当成一样很特别的东西。本题中的关键点towards 这个词。四个选项中，只有attitude 与towards 搭配使用，意为“对于……的态度”。故选 C。
例2　[2010·天津] (　　)James took the magazines off the little table to make ________ for the television.
A．room B．area
C．field D．position
模块 1 │ 题型分类
【解析】 A　考查名词词义及其与介词搭配。句意： 詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下来，是为给电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配，意为“为……腾出地方”，其中的room是不可数名词。
应试点睛
湖北高考多项选择题从试题类型看，可分为“语境与词义辨析”和“习语与结构”两大类。在复习过程中，要注意针对《课程标准》所要求掌握的词汇，加强词汇方面的记忆，包括单词及短语的本义、引申义及常见的搭配；全面复习语法知识，重点是复习动词，提高对基础语法知识的运用能力。
一、建立词汇知识体系，勤于总结与归纳
在备考中要对考纲词汇以及课本基础知识进行地毯式扫描，在脑海中建立一个完整的词汇知识体系。其内容包括：
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
词语意义、同义词和近义词的辨析、反义词、短语及其固定搭配等。要特别重视高频词以及一词多义的学习积累，比如：get, make, turn, take, put, hold, go, give, break, come, keep, bring 等，像take就有take up，take down, take off，take on，take in，take over等搭配，它们的意思都要区分清楚。像take这样的动词有很多，肯定经常遇到，要学会去总结，随时记忆，随时复习，随时扩充。这样既能巩固前期复习的成果，又能逐步扩大词汇量，还能有效地利用每天的零碎时间突破词汇关。此外，在学习中，除了注重词汇基本意义的学习外，还要重视不同语境下词语的意义和词性的转化。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
二、归纳词汇考点，尊重教材和考纲
湖北多项选择题在英语词汇考核方面既强调基础性，又突出实用性和交际性。细看湖北卷近3年的多项选择题，试题中的考点都为教材中(尤其是第三册)常见的词汇，答案选项没有一个是超纲或脱离教材的。因此我们平时在备考中，练习要忠实于教材，狠抓基础知识的落实和基本技能的培养，系统归纳和梳理词汇知识要点，掌握常见词汇的常见用法即可。同时，对于考纲中有而在平时试卷中出现的频率不高的词汇也不应该忽视。在最后的复习阶段，要有意识地把较为生僻的词汇按照词性进行系统的分类，认真比对近几年的高考试题，找出考点盲区，并进行有针对性的训练。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
总之，湖北高考英语卷多项选择题给我们的启示是：在学习备考中，不要盲目相信题海战术，选题要精，重质重量。要认真研究，勤于思考，大胆探索，在不断的训练中领悟词的内涵，加深对词的理解和掌握。要善于将语法、语境和语言文化背景结合起来，多方面提高自己的阅读能力和对文章的欣赏水平。天道酬勤，只要坚持，相信一定会有收获。
专题一　名词
专题 一 │ 名词
专题一 │ 考题导读
　　湖北高考英语多项选择题每年有1～2题考查名词的用法，主要从下面几个方面进行考查：
(1)名词在具体语境中的词义辨析；(2)名词与介词或动词的常见搭配；固定句型中名词的运用和辨析；(3)名词的词类转换与辨析。在解答名词试题时要注意：(1)准确理解题干语境的含义；(2)注意从搭配、词语的本义、转换意义等多角度去考虑。
考题导读
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)1.[2010·安徽] I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A．hearing　　　　　　B．strength
C．recognition D．measure
真题再现
C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：……她已经变得认不出来了。hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量；体力”； recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”； measure意为“测量；措施”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)2.[2010·江西] Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number
C．amount D．quantity
A　考查名词词义辨析。an average of泛指“……平均数”，an average of 40,000 per year意为“年平均40,000”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)3.[2010·山东] Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 Safety 表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter 表示“避难所，保护”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　
(　　)4.[2010·湖北] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。range名词，这里表示“一系列”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)5.[2010·浙江] The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ________.
A．solution B．target
C．measure D．function
A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校的指导教师们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方案。solution解决方案；target目标；measure措施；function功能。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　
(　　)6.[2010·江苏] The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________.
A．expectation B．reputation
C．contribution D．civilization
B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位医生治疗心脏病技术高超，并且从不收取病人的任何礼物，因此他的口碑很好。reputation 意为“名声”，符合句意。expectation期望；contribution贡献；civilization文明。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)7.[2009·福建] The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any ________ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A．delay B．effort
C．schedule D．consideration
A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：H1N1病毒于2009年四月袭击墨西哥的时候，世界卫生组织迅速对公众发布了警戒。语境提到病毒袭击和世界卫生组织发布警告，应该是without delay表示“毫不耽搁”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　
(　　)8.[2009·湖北] Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building.
A．respect B．friendship
C．reputation D．character
D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：独自远足不仅有趣而且有利于健康。或许也有益于塑造性格。character building源自build one’s character，意为“塑造性格”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)9.[2009·天津] I’m trying to break the ________of getting up too late.
A．tradition B．convenience
C．habit D．leisure
C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正试图改变晚起的习惯。break the habit of doing sth.表示“改变做某事的习惯”。tradition传统，一般不指个人习惯；convenience方便，便利；leisure休闲，空闲。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)10.[2009·浙江] The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.
A．access B．passage
C．way D．approach
A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个体系被设计目的是为了给学生们提供快速而容易地使用图书馆数字资源的机会。从语境看，这里用give sb./have access to表示“接近或使用某物的机会或权利”。approach表示“方法，方式”，含义和搭配都不符合语境。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.The car factory has produced a new car of high quality; its only ________ is that it uses a lot of petrol.
A．advantage B．drawback
C．mistake D．profit
专题预测
B　句意：这家汽车厂已经生产出了一款新的高品质的汽车，它唯一的缺点是耗油量太大。advantage优势；drawback缺点，不利条件；mistake错误；profit利润，盈利，收入。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.Only by practicing can the students obtain the second language ________.
A．development B．recreation
C．determination D．acquisition
D　句意：学生们只有通过练习才能获得第二语言的技能。这里用acquisition表示“取得，获得，习得”。development发展；recreation娱乐活动，消遣；determination决心，决定，都不符合语境。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.In my view, if you’re making an effort to be a good person and making your dream a ________， then you have already made a contribution to society.
A．fiction B．reality
C．pattern D．preference
B　句意：在我看来，假如你正在努力做一个好人，并且使自己的梦想成为现实，那么你就已经为社会做出了贡献。与dream相呼应，这里用reality表示使梦想变成现实。fiction小说；pattern模式，花样，图案；preference偏爱，优先(权)，都不符合句意。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.We should look up to him as a shining example of ________ to duty.
A．devotion B．privilege
C．responsibility D．burden
A　句意：我们应该把他作为恪尽职守的光辉典范。从语境和搭配看，这里用devotion表示“投入，忠实”，与介词to搭配，其动词形式是devote, be devoted to或devote one’s life/time/energy/oneself to(doing)sth.表示“投身于/致力于做某事”。devotion to one’s duty “恪尽职守”；privilege 特权，优惠；responsibility责任，义务，责任心；burden负担。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)5.After designing some experiments, they were able to clarify the ________ by which bees communicate information that they use to find and fetch food.
A．procedure B．access
C．method D．approach
A　句意：他们在设计了一些实验之后，终于能阐明蜜蜂找到食物以及去取食物的信息交流的步骤。procedure步骤，手续；access通道，入口，接近，进入，一般与介词to搭配；method办法，方式；approach接近，临近，途径，方式，方法。从语境看，选A。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.—Jack, what do you think of the event which not only promoted ________ of world hunger, but raised a lot of money to help these poor children
—That’s great.
A．contribution B．direction
C．awareness D．loneliness
C　句意：“杰克，你觉得着这项活动怎么样，它不仅让人们了解了全球饥饿问题，而且为帮助这些贫困儿童募集了很多钱。”“很不错”。contribution贡献，捐款，投稿；direction方向，指引，指导，awareness知道，意识；loneliness孤独，寂寞。通过比较，只有C项符合语境。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)7.To our great ________， Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A．anxiety B．relief
C．view D．judgment
B　句意：杰弗里的病不像我们当初担心的那么严重，这让我们长出了一口气。因此用to one’s relief表示“使某人感到放心的是；使某人欣慰的是；使某人安心的是”。 to one’s anxiety 让某人感到焦虑的是；view不符合语境的搭配，in one’s view“在某人看来”；judgment意为“判断”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　
(　　)8.At first ________ it looked like a simple accident, but later the police became doubtful.
A．sight B．view
C．look D．glimpse
A　句意：咋一看，这像是一起简单的事故，但后来警方开始怀疑了。从搭配看，这里只有A正确，at first sight表示“咋一看”。从含义看，四个名词都与“看”有关，sight是see的名词形式，表示“目光，视力，视野，景象”；view表示从某一固定地方如门口、窗口等往外看去所看见的人或物活动的场景；look用作动词表示“看”，作名词则表示“神色，表情”；glimpse意为“一瞥，一看”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)9.Although I spoke to her many times, she never took any ________ of what I said.
A．notice B．remark
C．observation D．attention
A　句意：尽管我跟她说了好多次，但她就是从来都不注意我所说的话。四个名词选项中，只有A项能与of搭配，take notice of表示“注意”。remark“话语，谈论”；observation“观察，评论，观察力”；attention“注意，专心，留心”，常与to搭配。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)10.We have strong ________ for believing that the coal mine accident in Heilongjiang was due to the poor management.
A．grounds B．excuses
C．causes D．purposes
A　句意：我们有充分的理由相信，黑龙江发生的煤矿事故是因为管理不善引起的。语境表示做出某个判断的根据、理由，四个选项中只有A“ground”可表示“理由；根据”且常用复数形式，用grounds for(doing) sth.，常见的搭配还有on grounds of, on the grounds that等。B表示“借口”；C表示“起因，引起某事发生的外在因素”，不符合语境的含义和搭配；D表示“目的，意图”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)11.If you are hurried, here’s a quick ________ of some facts about our products.
A．search B．review
C．correction D．question
B　句意：如果你很着急，我们就快速回顾一下关于我们的产品的一些实际情况。search意为“搜索，寻找，搜查”；review意为“审查，回顾，复习”；correction意为“改正，纠正，修改”；question“问题”从语境和搭配看，这里用a review of表示“回顾”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)12.—How can you prove you aren’t connected with this accident
—I have two ________.
A．judges B．facts
C．evidences D．witnesses
D　句意：“你如何证明自己与这起事故没有关系？”“我有两个证人”。第二个说话人要证明自己与这起事故没有关联，需要的是证人，因此选D表示“目击者；证人”，而不是靠“法官(judges)”帮他开脱；B“事实”与语境很牵强；evidence表示“(在法庭上证明某人有罪的)证据，证词，人证，物证”时是不可数名词，所以C项形式错误。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)13.It would be unwise to attach too much ________ to these opinion polls(民意测验)．
A．possibility B．significance
C．value D．attention
B　句意：过于强调这些民意调查的重要性是不明智的。从句意和搭配看，这里用attach importance/significance to表示“认为……重要”， attach…to表示“把……附在……上；认为……有”。possibility可能性；significance重要性，重大意义，含义；value价值；attention注意，注意力。从语境与搭配判断选B。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　
(　　)14.What a pity! He worked hard all his life but without much ________.
A．reward B．prize
C．award D．result
A　句意：真遗憾！他勤劳终生，却没有多少收获。四个名词中，reward侧重指劳动或工作带来的“回报，报酬”；award 指因为做的优秀而得到的“奖励，奖赏”；prize表示竞赛或比赛等获得的“奖金，奖励”；而result只表示“结果，成绩”。根据语境，选A表示“报酬，报答”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)15.The more actively involved in learning one gets, the more rapidly he/she will make progress, that is, ________ plays an important role in knowledge acquisition.
A．courage B．ambition
C．motivation D．talent
C　句意：一个人在学习方面越积极参与，他/她取得的进步就越大，也就是说，在获取知识方面，动力起着很重要的作用。前面的“积极参与”表明这里用motivation表示“动力，动机”。courage“勇气”，ambition“野心，雄心”，talent“才华，天才”都不符合语境。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)16.The earth was here long before the ________ of the human species.
A．origin B．resource
C．source D．evolution
A　句意：在人类起源之前很早的时候就有了地球。origin意为“起源，来源”；resource“(土地，矿产，能源，钱财，技能，教学等)资源”；source“源(泉)，发源地；来源，出处”；evolution“演变，进化，发展”。这里用origin表示“(人类的)起源”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)17.She arranged a party to help put the strangers at their ________.
A．pleasure B．ease
C．delight D．comfort
B　句意：为了使那些刚来的人感到轻松，她安排了一次聚会。pleasure意为“高兴，满足，令人高兴的事”；ease意为“容易，悠闲，自在”；delight意为“快乐，高兴”；comfort意为“舒服，舒适”。这里只有B项符合语境中动词put和介词at的搭配，短语put sb. at one’s ease表示“使某人放松，使某人松弛”。at ease表示“不拘束，放松”，with ease表示“轻易，毫不费力”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　
(　　)18.The headmaster turned a deaf ear to the ________ of the parents.
A．words B．sounds
C．voice D．argument
C　句意：这位校长对家长的意见充耳不闻。这里用了短语turn a deaf ear to，可见校长不听取家长的意见，用voice表示“(表达的)意见，愿望；音质；发言权，表达意见权”。word意为“单词，言语，话语”；sound意为“声音”；argument意为“争论，辩论”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)19.There being no witness on the spot, the police were delayed by the ________ of information about the crime.
A．analysis B．consideration
C．disappearance D．absence
D　句意：没有目击证人，因此警方缺少犯罪证据而被延误。用absence表示“缺席，没有”。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)20.Our former teacher has changed so much that she is out of our ________.
A．sight B．recognition
C．memory D．impression
B　句意：我们原来的老师变化很大，我们几乎认不出来了。语境表示认不出，用out of/beyond one’s recognition。recognition表示“承认，认出；认可”。
专题二　动词
专题 二 │ 动词
专题二 │ 考题导读
　　动词考查面广、灵活度强，是高考命题的热点，也是湖北卷的必考点。每年全国各地高考试题有关核心动词的考查达几十题，而湖北卷一般为两个题。设题主要是给出四个含义不同的动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。湖北多项选择题对动词的考查有如下特点：(1)主要考查动词的词义辨析，但较少涉及动词的近义词词义辨析；(2)考查内容包括常见动词的常见意义，一词多义，以及词类转换和词义拓展。湖北卷对动词的考查难度在逐渐增大，学习时要注意对高考词汇表中常见动词的多种意义加以巩固，并学会利用语境展开适当的联想，注意词义和词性在不同语境下的迁移。
考题导读
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)1.[2010·湖北] Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ________ his personality.
A．resembles 　　　 B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
真题再现
C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。要选一个表示“反映”的词，用reflect 。“resemble” ＝ look like; “strengthen”表示“加强，巩固”；“shape”作动词表示“成形”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)2.[2010·辽宁] The new movie ________ to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.
A．promises B. agrees
C．pretends D．declines
A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree“同意，赞同”；pretend“假装”；decline“谢绝，下降，衰老，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)3.[2010·浙江] The majority of people in the town strongly ________ the plan to build a playground for children.
A．consider B．support
C．confirm D．submit
B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：镇上的大多数人都强烈地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。consider考虑，思考，认为；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。根据语境可知B项正确。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)4.[2010·福建] —In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two________.
A．linked B．related
C．connected D．combined
D　考查动词词义辨析。由答语“同时做这两件事真了不起”可知D项正确。combine此处意为“结合、联合”，尤指在同一时间做两件事。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)5.[2010·安徽] —How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest, his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
A　考查动词词义辨析。第二句句意：坦白地讲，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)6.[2010·江西] Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母非常关注孩子们的教育……。attach importance to 关注，重视。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)7.[2010·山东] Your house is always so neat—how do you ________ it with three children
A．manage B．serve
C．adapt D．construct
A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：你家里总是那么地整洁——家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的？manage it是一个习惯用语，意为“设法做成……”。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)8.[2010·天津] He telephoned the travel agency to ________ three air tickets to London.
A．order B．arrange
C．take D．book
D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)9.[2010·江苏] Thousands of foreigners were ________ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A．attended B．attained
C．attracted D．attached
C
专题二 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)10.[2010·全国Ⅰ] The workers ________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”．
A．carried B．delivered
C．pressed D．packed
D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“严禁倒置”。 carry搬运，deliver递送，press按，压，pack打包，根据句意可知D项正确。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.His sacrifices for the country were never officially ________， which made all of us feel discouraged.
A．acknowledged B．appealed
C．recommended D．evaluated
专题预测
A　句意：他为祖国所做的牺牲从来没有被正式认可，这让我们觉得很沮丧。acknowledge 承认，(公开)对……表示感谢；appeal 恳请，恳求，呼吁，上诉；recommend 推荐；evaluate评估，评价。由语境判断选A。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.It is not yet known how these huge stones were ________ over a distance of 380 kilometers.
A．removed B．transformed
C．transmitted D．conveyed
D　句意：目前还不知道这些大石头是怎么从380千米之外的地方被运送过来的。remove 移开，脱下，去掉，开除；transform 改革，变换，把……转换成；transmit 播送，发射，传送，传递；convey 表达，传达，传递，运送，输送。从语境判断选D。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.According to experts, China needs to ________ its one child family planning policy to fight against a worsening gender(性别) imbalance and an aging population.
A．arrange B．apply
C．adjust D．adapt
C　句意：根据专家建议，中国需要调整每对夫妇只生一个孩子的计划生育政策以解决日益严重的性别失衡及人口老龄化问题。arrange 安排；apply 适用，申请；adjust 调节，调整；adapt 适应，修改，改编。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.The volcano ________ in 1980, damaging a large area of Washington State.
A．broke B．terrified
C．burst D．erupted
D　句意：这座火山曾在1980年喷发，把华盛顿州的一大片地区都给毁了。语境提到“火山”，“毁坏”，因此本题选D表示“(火山等)喷发，喷出”。break 的含义很多，但不表示火山喷发；terrify 使害怕，使惊吓；burst 使爆裂，爆炸，都不符合语境。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)5.On February 11, 2007, Drew Gilpin Faust was ________ as the first female president of Harvard University in 371 years.
A．appealed B．appointed
C．attached D．adopted
B　句意：在2007年2月11日，德鲁·吉尔平·福斯特被任命为哈佛大学371年来第一任女校长。用appoint 表示“任命”。appeal 呼吁，上诉；attach 附属，附加；adopt采纳，收养，都不符合语境。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.Some educators ________ that children should be rewarded for their great performance.
A．assumed B．adopted
C．advocated D．convinced
C　句意：有些教育家倡议，孩子们表现好就应该给予他们奖励。从语境和句中的情态动词should 看，这里表示提议与倡导，用advocate“拥护，提倡”。assume “假定，臆断，承担，担任”，adopt “收养，采纳，采用”，convince “使确信，使信服，说服”，都不符合句意。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)7.Since 1953, hundreds of people have climbed Mount Qomolangma. The conclusion that conquering it could not be ________has been proved wrong.
A．concluded B．accomplished
C．promoted D．appointed
B　句意：自从1953年以来，数百人爬上了珠穆朗玛峰，“征服珠峰是不可能的”这一结论被证明是错误的。这里用accomplish 表示“完成”：完成征服珠峰这一任务。conclude 下结论；promote 促进，发扬，提升，宣传，推销；appoint 任命，委派，预定，制定。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)8.It is dark outside, so please ________ your step while going down the stairs.
A．see B．look
C．notice D．mind
D　句意：外面很黑，下楼的时候注意脚下。这里用mind 表示“注意，当心”，如：mind your head小心别碰了头，mind your words说话客气点，mind your manners注意礼貌等。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)9.—Is there any good news in today’s newspaper
—Yes. A scientist ________ a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. But I doubt whether it really works.
A．predicts B．confirms
C．claims D．indicates
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 C　句意：“今天的报纸上有什么好的新闻吗？”“是的，有个科学家声称在抗击癌症方面获得了重大突破，但是我怀疑这是否真的有效。”语境提到“是否真的有效”，因此前文说的不是有人“预测到(A)”将来的情况，也不是“确认(B)”和“指出(D)”，而是有人这样说，故选C表示“声称”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)10.Although the pop star has a tight schedule these days, our boss is still ________ to have him invited to the party for the promotion of our new product.
A．concerned B．determined
C．frustrated D．annoyed
B　句意：这位当红歌星这些天的日程安排很紧，即便如此，我们的老板还是执意要让人邀请他参加推广我们新产品的晚会。四个词与be 构成的短语的主要含义：A“担心，关注”，B “决心，决定”，C“受挫折”，D“感到恼火”。句意表示老板坚决让人邀请他来，因此选B。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)11.Because some students failed to ________ the financial support from the donators, the latter were considering whether it was worthwhile to continue their kindness.
A．acknowledge B．recognize
C．acquire D．realize
A　句意：因为有些学生没有对捐助人的经济资助表示感谢，后者在考虑继续这样的善行是否值得。动词acknowledge 表示“承认，致谢，答谢”，符合句意，而recognize“认出，确认，认可，赏识”，acquire
“取得，获得，学到”，realize“认识，意识到，实现”都不符合句意。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)12.—Mr. President, what career do you expect your two daughters to take in the future
—To tell the truth, I hope they can do whatever ________ their interests.
A．fits B．matches
C．suits D．needs
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 C　句意：“总统先生，您希望自己的两个女儿将来从事什么职业呢？”“说实话，我希望他们将来从事的是符合自己兴趣的职业。”这里用suit 表示“适合，中……的意”，用suit one’s needs/interests表示“适合某人的需求/兴趣”。其他动词选项的含义不符合语境：fit表示事物的尺寸大小“适合”；match 表示物品之间“相称，相似”，而need表示“需要，需求”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)13.He tried to run away from the police and was later charged with the crime of ________ arrest.
A．resisting B．persisting
C．insisting D．consisting
A　句意：他试图挣脱警察而逃脱，后来被指控拒捕的罪名。resist 表示“抵抗，反抗，抵制”，符合句意。其他选项都是不及物动词，与介词构成的动词短语：persist in 表示“坚持不懈”，insist on “坚持(要做某事)”，consist of “由……组成”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)14.However he explained, he couldn’t ________ the policeman that he was innocent.
A．confirm B．present
C．convince D．admit
C　句意：不管他怎么解释都难以让警察相信他是无辜的。confirm 证实，肯定，确认，present 颁发，授予使(某事)发生/存在，引起，呈现；convince 使(某人)信服；admit 承认。从句意判断选C。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)15.I don’t think I could ________ another year as a teacher; it takes me too much time and energy to do it well—so stressful!
A．afford B．last
C．survive D．remain
C　句意：我想，让我再教一年书我是干不下去的，要做好就得花掉我太多的时间和精力，压力太大。这里用survive 表示“从困难中挺过来，存活”。afford 买得起，负担得起，提供；last 持续；remain 仍然是，留下，剩余，都不符合语境。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)16.Despite the fact that all three teams ________ different approaches to the problem, they were all immediate successes.
A．adapted B．adopted
C．acquired D．approved
B　句意：尽管这三个小组对这个问题采取的办法不一样，但都立刻获得了成功。语境表示“采取办法”，句中有approaches to，由此判断选B 表示“采取，采纳”。adapt 适应，使适应(合)，修改，改编；acquire 取得，获得，学到；approve 同意，赞同。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)17.Some advertisements, like the environmental protection advertisements, ________ to our conscience or our desire to be worthy citizens.
A．agree B．attach
C．appeal D．adjust
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 C　句意：有些广告，比如环境保护方面的广告，唤起我们当一名受人尊敬的公民的良心或愿望。这里用appeal to 表示“唤起”，如appeal to one’s conscience/sense of justice/sense of honor 表示“唤起某人的良知/正义感/荣誉感”。另外，appeal to 还可以表示“呼吁；吸引；上诉”。其他选项构成的动词短语主要含义：agree to “同意”，attach…to “将……附在……上”，adjust to “调整”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)18.Mobile phones have ________ the list of gifts most sought by South Korean children, a survey reports.
A．gained B．made
C．topped D．achieved
C　句意：一份调查显示，在韩国的孩子们最想要的礼物中，手机已经名列首位。语境提到“手机”和“礼物的清单”，因此这里表示成为礼品清单中的一种，gain “获得，收益”，achieve “完成，实现，达到”都不符合句意，而top 用作动词可表示“在名单/列表上成为第一名”等含义，符合语境。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)19.Every April, as many as 30,000 runners ________ the streets of London for the London Marathon.
A．pour B．reach
C．sweep D．flood
D　句意：每年四月，多达三万选手涌到伦敦的街头参加伦敦马拉松赛。动词pour表示“灌，注；倾泻，大量涌入，下倾盆大雨”等含义，但它不是及物动词；flood用作名词表示“洪水”，用作动词表示“淹没，大量涌入，大量地发送/达到”，符合句意。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)20.I realized strength and courage aren’t always ________ in medals and victories, but sometimes in the struggles we went through.
A．measured B．praised
C．tested D．increased
A　句意：我意识到，力量与勇气并非总以奖牌和胜利来衡量，有时候也包括我们所经历的奋斗。从句意判断，应表示“衡量”，选A 。四个动词的含义：measure 测量，衡量；praise 表扬，赞美；test 实验，测试，检验；increase 增加。
专题三　动词短语
专题 三 │ 动词短语
专题三 │ 考题导读
　　湖北高考英语多项选择题对动词短语的考查在2010年之前每年都有2～3题，2010年只有一题。此类试题有如下特点：(1)只考查该短语的含义，不考查语法的变化；(2)选项的表现形式日趋复杂化和多样性，无明显的规律和特征。主要包括三种形态：①以动词为中心，展开介词或副词的变化；②以介词或副词为中心，展开动词的变化；③动词与介词、副词交叉搭配。其中，第三
考题导读
专题三 │ 考题导读
种命题方式渐成热点。在备考过程中要注意对动词短语进行归纳、比较，熟练掌握常见动词短语的常用基本含义以及转换意义。比如动词短语pick up在词典上就有多达上十种意思，故只有全面掌握动词短语的常见含义，做题时才能明白动词短语的不同意思，并且能区别相似短语的意义，从而选出正确答案。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)1.[2010·湖北] Had she ________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A．looked up to　　　　B．lived up to
C．kept up with D．come up with
真题再现
B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。look up to抬头看，尊重，keep up with跟上，追上，come up with想出；提出，只有live up to履行，实行，符合题意。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)2.[2010·福建] We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s ________ it.
A．keep up with B．do away with
C．get down to D．look forward to
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们刚刚搬进大房子，有许多活要做。让我们赶紧做吧。keep up with 跟上； do away with废除，去掉；get down to着手处理；look forward to盼望，期待 。根据句意，选C。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)3.[2010·安徽] No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ________ you wishing they were that high.
A．getting rid of B．getting along with
C．looking up to D．looking down upon
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：你无论怎样看低自己，总有人尊敬你，希望他们也处在那么高的位置上。 getting rid of意为“摆脱；去除”； getting along with意为“与……相处；进展”； looking up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”； looking down upon意为“看不起；轻视”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)4.[2010·江西] Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ________ sweet dreams.
A．keep up with B．put up with
C．end up with D．catch up with
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：睡觉前闻闻这些花，你就可能做个好梦。 keep up with 保持， put up with 忍受， end up with 以……结束；catch up with 赶上。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)5.[2010·山东] Sam ________ some know ledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A．brought up B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。表示“学会”用pick up，pick up另外还有“捡起； 顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等意义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出”；look up 表示“向上看；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)6.[2010·浙江] After that, he knew he could ________ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with
C．get through D．get across
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发问题。get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与……相处；get through接通(电话)，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。根据语境，选C。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)7.[2010·天津] Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ________ as a manager.
A．ended up B．dropped out
C．came back D．started off
A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。 ended up as 作为……而结束；dropped out退出，退学；came back回来；started off动身，出发。只有A项符合题意。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)8.[2010·四川] Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man ________ and left.
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：珍妮正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。get up起床，起立。take up从事，忙于，占据时间或空间；shut up闭嘴；set up建造，建立。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)9.[2010·江苏] The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A．found out B．pointed out
C．ruled out D．carried out
C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个实验排除了那个行星上生命存在的可能性……。rule out排除，拒绝；find out查出来；point out指出；carry out实现。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)10.[2010·辽宁] Thousands of people ________ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
D　考查动词短语辨析。turn out 有“出席，在场”的意思，而turn on 打开，turn in上交；turn around转身。故D项符合语境。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.If you are to get up early and take exercise every morning, it will ________ good health.
A．get across B．end up
C．make for D．contribute for
专题预测
C　句意：假如你每天早晨早起去锻炼身体的话，会对你的身体健康有好处。四个选项中，D项正确搭配应该是contribute to表示“出一份力，起一份作用，捐款，捐钱，投稿”；get across(使)被了解；end up结果是，以……而结束；make for有利于，有助于。故选C。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.It was shameful to be found sleeping in class. His classmates’ laughter only ________ his embarrassment.
A．added to B．appealed to
C．referred to D．applied to
A　句意：在课堂上睡觉被发现是很丢脸的一件事，而同学们的哄笑使他觉得更尴尬。这里用add to表示“增加”。appeal to吸引，呼吁，要求，求助于；refer to谈到， 参照；apply to适用于。故选A。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.—Why was Professor Liu thundering in the classroom yesterday
—A student’s interrupting his speech ________ the burst of his anger.
A．set up B．set out
C．set about D．set off
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 D　句意：“昨天刘教授为什么在课堂上大发脾气呢？”“有个学生打断他的讲课，这让他很恼火。”这里用set off表示“引爆；引起，使(某人)开始(做某事)，”还可以表示“出发，动身(去某地)”等含义。set up建立，创立，架起；set out意为“出发，动身(去某地)；开始，着手(做某事)(＋to do sth.)”；set about doing意为“着手做(某事)”。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.After the long march through the wild forest, they found themselves ________ as well as their clothes.
A．given out B．worn out
C．run out D．turned out
B　句意：经过漫长的在原始森林中的穿行，他们发现自己疲惫不堪，衣衫褴褛。这里用worn out(过去分词短语)，wear out“(使)磨损，用坏；使某人筋疲力竭”。give out分发，用完，消耗尽，发出(光、声音等)；run out(食物、金钱等)用完，耗尽；turn out结果是。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)5.—Why A different figure ________each time I add them, you see.
—Something must be wrong with the calculator.
A．comes out B．wipes out
C．turns out D．works out
A　句意：“怎么回事？你看，每次我把这些加起来的时候，出来的数字都不一样的。”“肯定是计算器出了问题。”从句意看，这里用come out表示“出来，出现，(花)开，发(芽)；出版；结果是”。wipe out擦掉，擦净，彻底摧毁；turn out结果是；work out算出，弄懂，想出，解决。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.I don’t think all this bad language on TV should be allowed; there are certain standards that should be ________
A．kept up B．kept down
C．kept out D．kept off
A　句意：我认为应该禁止这种不雅的语言出现在电视上；应该有一定的标准使之保持良好状态。keep up(使)继续下去，保持；keep down压制，镇压，使处于低水平，控制；keep out 挡住，留下；keep off(使)让开，(使)不接近。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)7.—So how is your new roommate
—She really ________. She is always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her, she always makes rude remarks.
A．turns me over B．turns me down
C．turns me off D．turns me out
C　句意：“你的新室友怎么样？”“她很不招人喜欢。她总是在半夜三更弄出很大的噪音，而且当我提醒她的时候，她总是出言不逊。”turn over意为“翻过来”；turn down意为“关小，调低，拒绝”；turn off意为“关，关掉，拐弯，离开……转入另一条路”；turn sb. off意为“使(某人)不喜欢”；turn out意为“结果是”。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)8.The committee will ________ their decision until they receive the investigation report.
A．take off B．hold off
C．lay off D．turn off
B　句意：该委员会将推迟他们的决定，直到他们得到调查报告。hold off表示“推迟，拖延；阻止”与后面的until状语从句呼应。take off脱下，(飞机)起飞，休假，开始成功/走红，匆匆离开；lay off(暂时)解雇，停止做；turn off关上(自来水、煤气等的)开关，关闭(电视、灯等)，离开……转入另一条路。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)9.The amateur’s singing career ________ after his CCTV show up and he gained fame almost overnight.
A．put off B．brought up
C．took off D．picked up
C　句意：自从在中央电视台露了一手之后，这个业余歌手的演唱事业开始腾飞，他几乎是一夜之间成名了。put off推迟，延期；bring up养育，提出； take off腾飞，开始成功；pick up拣起，无意间得知。从句意判断选C。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)10.Zhao Benshan, whose overwork ________ his health failure last year, is reported to have performed less successfully in the 2010 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV.
A．submitted to B．admitted to
C．devoted to D．contributed to
专题三 │ 专题预测
D　句意：据报道，赵本山在2010年中央电视台的春节晚会上的表演不如以前成功，他去年由于劳累过度，健康状况不佳。从语境的搭配看，这里用contribute to表示“导致，造成，有助于”。submit to屈服，听从；admit to承认(做错了事，犯了罪)；而C项动词devote是及物动词，要用devote oneself to或be devoted to表示“将时间、精力等投入到某事或致力于某事”。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)11.The sandstorm________ for several days, which left a terrible sight across the west.
A．kept off B．kept away
C．kept back D．kept up
D　句意：沙尘暴持续了好几天，这使西部地区呈现可怕的景象。keep off(使)让开，(使)不接近；keep away(使)远离，不靠近；keep back阻止，抑制，隐瞒，保留；keep up保持，维持，继续。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)12.It’s mentioned in one of his books that the mastery of English ________a large amount of practice.
A．calls on B．calls for
C．calls at D．calls out
B　句意：在他的一本书中提到，掌握英语需要进行大量的练习。call on拜访(某人)，号召；call for需求，需要；call at拜访(某地)；call out大叫。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)13.Now, boys, I’ll ________ the story where I stopped yesterday.
A．take over B．take on
C．take in D．take up
D　句意：孩子们，现在我从昨天停的地方继续讲这个故事吧。take over接替，接管；take on接受，从事，承担，呈现；take in接受，吸收，包括，领会，理解，欺骗；take up开始学习(某课程)，发展(某种爱好)，开始(做某项工作)，占据；从事，把……接着进行下去。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)14.Many rich Americans have long ________ money to charities, rather than to their children.
A．given up B．given off
C．given out D．given away
D　句意：美国许多富人很早就已经开始把钱捐给慈善机构，而不是给他们的子女。give up放弃；give off发出(光线等)，放出(气味等)；give out用完，分发；give away捐赠。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)15.The ordinary girl sat silently at the corner, but when the prince came over to invite her to dance, her face immediately ________.
A．cheered up B．lit up
C．turned up D．made up
B　句意：这个长相普通的女孩静静地坐在角落里，但是当王子走过去请她跳舞的时候，她的脸上立刻露出了喜色。四个动词短语中，light up表示“使面露喜色”，符合句意和搭配。cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来；turn up出现；make up编造(说法、解释等)，编撰，组成，构成，补上，和解。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　(　　)16.Don’t refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word or something its meaning may be ________ clearly in a given context.
A．picked out B．ruled out
C．brought out D．taken out
C　句意：不要每次遇到生词的时候都翻词典，因为有时其含义会在特定的语境中清楚地显示出来。pick out挑出，选出，拣出，辨认出，分辨出；rule out把……排除在外，排除……的可能性；bring out使明显，显示出，使得以发挥；take out带……出去。根据语境，选C。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)17.Restaurants in Europe are ________ a new technology that will allow customers to order their food directly from a screen.
A．sending out B．handing out
C．letting out D．testing out
D　句意：欧洲的餐馆正在试行一项技术，顾客可以直接从屏幕上点菜。send out发出(某物)，排除(某人)，发射(信号)；hand out分发，散发；let out释放，发出；test out实验，检验。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)18.While I was watching TV at night, an old friend of mine ________.
A．gave up B．stood up
C．showed up D．hurried up
C　句意：晚上我正在看电视的时候，我的一个老朋友来了。give up停止，放弃；stand up站起来，(论点、证据等)站得住脚；show up暴露，显露，来到，露面；hurry up(使)赶快，匆匆完成。语境表示有朋友到来，用show up或turn up。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)19.Some experts warn that global warming will ________ more than one million sorts of plants.
A．turn down B．bring in
C．wipe out D．take away
C　句意：有些专家警告说全球性气候变暖将使一百多万种植物灭绝。从搭配和句意看，这里用wipe out表示“彻底毁灭”。turn down拒绝，调低；bring in引进，带来；take away取走。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　(　　)20.In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers to ________ regularly rather than take expensive weight losing pills.
A．hang out B．work out
C．turn up D．figure up
B　句意：为了减肥，这位年轻女士宁可经常锻炼，而不是服用昂贵的减肥药。四个动词短语的常见含义：hang out(把衣服等)挂出去，闲逛；work out健身，锻炼，解答出，计算出；turn up找到，出现，被找到，突然发生，证明是(＝turn out to be)，翻掘，调大；figure up为错误搭配。
专题四　形容词与
副词
专题 四 │形容词与副词
专题四 │ 考题导读
　　湖北卷多项选择题对形容词和副词的考查主要是词义辨析，不包括形容词与副词其他方面的用法。此类试题有如下特点：(1)试题难度和题数在逐年增加，所考查的词汇都是较生僻、较难记忆的。比如：2009年考查了两个题， alternative和approximately；2010年考查了四个题，personal, worthwhile, immediate和merely; 很多试题尽管选项含义不同，却很难根据句意迅速确定答案。(2)试题更强调语境理解能力的考查。几乎每一道题题干都比较长，有丰富的语境和适当的干扰项。在复习备考中，要全面掌握考纲要求的词汇，对于出现频率不是很高的以及拼写较长的形容词、副词要尤其引起重视。
考题导读
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)1.[2010·湖北] In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.
A．private　　　　　 B．personal
C．unique D．different
真题再现
B　考查形容词词义辨析。unique独特的，different不同的，private私人的，私下的，personal个人的， personal view个人观点。故选B。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)2.[2010·湖北] Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A．favourable B．precious
C．essential D．worthwhile
D　考查形容词词义辨析。 worthwhile值得的，有价值的，表示犯错误是值得的。favourable喜爱的，赞同的，precious珍贵的，essential本质的，必需的，根据语境，选D。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)3.[2010·湖北] If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ________ reaction will be to tell the police.
A．physical B．immediate
C．sensitive D．sudden
B　考查形容词词义辨析。 physical身体的； sudden突然的；sensitive敏感的，只有 immediate表示“立刻，马上”，等同于 at once。 故选B。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)4.[2010·湖北] I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ________ said errors like this could be avoided.
A．merely B．mostly
C．rarely D．nearly
A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的。mostly大部分地，通常地；nearly几乎＝almost; rarely很少地，几乎不；merely仅仅，只不过。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)5.[2010·福建] —Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.
A．naturally B．successfully
C．splendidly D．increasingly
D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：“志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎了”。“是的，人们一直开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己。”naturally自然地，理所当然地；successfully成功地；splendidly华丽地，壮观地；increasingly日益；愈加。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)6.[2010·福建] Drunk driving, which was once a ________ occurrence, is now under control.
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒后驾车一度是经常发生的事，现在得以控制。frequent意为“经常的”符合语境。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)7.[2010·浙江] I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ________ and more reliable than television.
A．accurate B．ridiculous
C．urgent D．shallow
A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确信报刊媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。accurate 精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。故选A。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)8.[2010·山东] Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth
C．flexible D．complex
C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：……有灵活的时间以便更容易地照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy 表示“沉重的”； smooth表示“光滑的，顺利的”； complex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)9.[2010·天津] People have always been ________ about exactly how life on earth began.
A．curious B．excited
C．anxious D．careful
A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们一直对于地球上生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 是“对……感到好奇”的意思。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)10. [2010·浙江] Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores
A．especially B．frequently
C．merely D．finally
D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：你认为网上购物最终会代替商场购物吗？ especially 特别地，尤其；frequently经常；merely仅仅；finally最终。故选D。
专题预测
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.I’m quite sure that it is ________ impossible for me to fulfill the task in only two days without anyone to help me.
A．absolutely B．approximately
C．hardly D．Desperately
A　句意：我敢肯定，在没有任何人帮助的情况下在仅仅两天内完成这项任务对我来说是完全不可能的。absolutely 完全地，绝对地；approximately 大约地，大概地；hardly 几乎不；desperately拼命地，绝望地。故选A。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Letters to editors must carry the writer’s full name, which indicates that writers are ________ for what they say.
A．considerate B．reasonable
C．independent D．responsible
D　句意：写给编辑的信必须有作者的全名，这就意味着，作者必须为他们所写的内容负责。considerate 体贴的，体谅的；reasonable 合理的；independent 独立的；responsible负责的，承担责任的。从语境判断选D 。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.It is a truth ________ acknowledged that when one has gained material, he’ll surely seek for spiritual enjoyment.
A．partly B．universally
C．particularly D．previously
B　句意：当一个人得到了物质财富后，他一定会寻找精神享受，这是一个被大家所普遍接受的真理。partly不完全地，部分地；universally普遍地；particularly尤其，特别地；previously先前，预先，故选B 。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.Owing to a financial disagreement, the cooperation broke down and the two businessmen finally went their ________ ways.
A．separate B．common
C．selfish D．Lonely
A　句意：由于在财务方面的分歧，这两个生意人的合作破裂了，最终两个人分道扬镳了。这里用separate表示“分别的，各自的”。common共同的，公共的；selfish自私的；lonely孤独的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.I’ve got a bit of headache. It’s nothing much, ________.
A．anyhow B．moreover
C．though D．besides
C　句意：我有点头疼，不过没什么大不了的。这里用副词though舒缓语气，用在句末表示“可是，不过，然而”。anyhow无论如何，不管怎样(加强语气)；moreover而且，再者，此外；besides而且。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.I’m afraid I ________ forgot about it. I promise I will not let you down any more.
A．totally B．extremely
C．fairly D．clearly
A　句意：对不起，我完全忘记了这件事。我保证以后再也不让你失望了。这里用totally表示“完全地，彻底地”。extremely极端地，非常地；fairly相当地，公平地；clearly清楚地，明白地。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Hong Kong was so busy over the Spring Festival that all the best hotel accommodation was full. She phoned several hotels but none of them had a ________ room.
A．cheap B．nice
C．separate D．vacant
D　句意：春节期间香港太繁忙了，以至于所有最好的宾馆住宿都满员了。她打电话给好几家宾馆，结果都没有空余的房间。语境说住宿都满员了，因此这里用vacant表示“空闲的，闲着的，空缺的”，cheap便宜的；nice美好的；separate单独的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.I only intended to be there for a few days, but I ________ ended up staying for a whole month.
A．fortunately B．actually
C．naturally D．obviously
B　句意：我本来只打算在那里呆几天的，可是结果居然在那里呆了整整一个月。这里用副词actually表示“实际上，竟然”，与“本来打算”相呼应。fortunately幸运地；naturally自然而然地；obviously明显地。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.When you are physically ________ to weather changes, maybe it’s a sign that you’re getting aged.
A．flexible B．attractive
C．active D．sensitive
D　句意：当你的身体对天气变化很敏感的时候，或许那是你衰老的标志。sensitive敏感的；flexible灵活的，易弯曲的，可变通的；attractive有吸引力的；active积极的，活跃的，根据句意选D。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.All of the ski resorts are ________ from the hotel via free public transportation.
A．accessible B．available
C．present D．probable
A　句意：所有的滑雪胜地从旅馆乘坐免费的公共交通工具都可以到达。accessible可达到的，可接近的；available可使用的，可利用的，有空的；present目前的，现在的，出席的；probable可能的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.—It was ________ of you to share your food with me.
—That’s all right.
A．sharp B．dull
C．mean D．generous
D　 句意：“你把食物分给我真是太慷慨了。”“没什么。”generous慷慨的，大方的；sharp锋利的，敏锐的；dull迟钝的，单调的；mean小气的，吝啬的，卑鄙的，根据句意选D。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)12.Broadly speaking, I would agree with Tom, though not ________.
A．extremely B．entirely
C．heavily D．gradually
B　句意：明确地说，我大体上同意汤姆的观点，虽然不完全同意。extremely极端地；entirely完全地；heavily沉重地，猛烈地；gradually渐渐地。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.Nowadays some young people, who have been used to the ________ life, wouldn’t like to accept challenges and explore the unknown world.
A．frequent B．profitable
C．cozy D．nutritional
C　句意：现在一些年轻人已经习惯了安逸的生活，不愿意接受挑战，不愿意探索未知的世界。frequent频繁的；profitable有利可图的；cozy安逸的；nutritional有营养的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)14.The USA makes a lot of excuses in an attempt to make war in Iran; however, its ________ purpose lies in the abundant oil there.
A．logical B．fundamental
C．accurate D．common
B　句意：美国编造很多借口试图对伊朗宣战，但其根本目标是那里丰富的石油。logical逻辑的；fundamental根本的，基础的；accurate准确的；common普通的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)15.Maureen hasn’t been feeling well ________. You’d better go and see her.
A．late B．latest
C．later D．lately
D　句意：莫林最近身体一直不舒服，你最好去看看她。late迟的，晚的；latest最新的；later后来，之后；lately最近，近来，相当于recently。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)16.In order to support the big family, he worked so hard that ________ he made himself ill.
A．occasionally B．purposefully
C．normally D．eventually
D　句意：为了养活这个大家庭，他干起活来如此卖力以至于最后病倒了。occasionally偶尔；purposefully故意地；normally正常地；eventually最后，终于。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.The most ________ names of Americans are Smith, Johnson, Williams, Brown, Jones, Miller and Davis.
A．ordinary B．average
C．normal D．common
D　句意：在美国最常见的名字是史密斯、约翰逊、威廉姆斯、布朗、琼斯、米勒和戴维斯。ordinary平常的，普通的；average一般标准的，平均的；normal常态的，正规的；common常见的。由此可见，D 项正确。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)18.—My son got a straight A in all his final exams.
—What a ________ boy! Congratulations!
A．promising B．predictable
C．eager D．curious
A　句意：“我儿子期末考试都得了A 。”“多有前途的孩子呀！祝贺你！”promising有希望的，有前途的；predictable可预知的；eager急切的；curious好奇的。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)19.He told a joke at the conference ________， which eased the tense atmosphere.
A．correctly B．exactly
C．actively D．appropriately
D　句意：他在会议上恰到好处地讲了个笑话，缓解了紧张的气氛。correctly正确地；exactly确切地；actively积极地；appropriately恰当地。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(　　)20.In Scotland, as in the rest of the UK, ________schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.
A．temporary B．permanent
C．compulsory D．optional
C　句意：在苏格兰，正如英国其他的地方一样，从5岁到16岁的孩子要接受义务教育。temporary暂时的，临时的；permanent永久的；compulsory必须做的，强制性的，(课程)必修的；optional可以任选的，非强制的。
专题五　介词短语
专题 五 │介词短语
考题导读
专题 五 │ 考题导读
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，也是历年高考中涉及较多的考点。湖北卷每年至少有一道试题考查介词短语。此类试题有如下特点：(1)题干结构呈复杂化、综合化的特点，题干用词都在20词左右；(2)常考查in构成的介词短语，而且短语的词数在增加；(3)试题难度不大，主要考查介词短语的主要意义。在复习备考中，要善于归纳常见介词构成的介词短语的含义，要注意甄别考点的细微变化。
真题再现
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·湖北] It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A．in preference to　　　B．in place of
C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：对公务员来说，以给人们好处来索要礼物或金钱是违法的。in exchange for表示“交换”。in preference to “优先于”，in place of“代替” ，in agreement with“符合，一致”。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·浙江] I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。by nature 天生地；in return作为回报；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·福建] More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺少空间。in search of寻找； in place of代替； for lack of因缺乏； for fear of生怕，以免。根据句意只有A项符合题意。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2009·湖北] You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ________ a question.
A．in search of B．in the form of
C．in need of D．in the direction of
B　考查介词短语辨析。从语境的衔接看，以提问的形式来表达自己的请求，这样听起来更有礼貌。in the form of以……的形式。in search of寻找，in need of需要，in the direction of往……的方向。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2009·湖北] His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A．in place B．in sight
C．in effect D．in vain
D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：谁也不愿意从自己的口袋里掏一分钱，看来他募捐的努力是白费力气的。根据句意可知D项in vain“徒劳地”符合句意。in place就位，in sight看得见，in effect生效。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2008·湖北] When she first arrived in China，she wondered what the future might have ________ for her，but now all her worries are gone.
A．in need B．in time
C．in preparation D．in store
D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：当她第一次来中国时不知道即将到来的未来会是怎样的，但是现在所有的担忧都消失了。in store表示“储藏；就要来到，即将发生的”，符合题意。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2008·天津] Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ________ financial aid.
A．in favour of B．in honour of
C．in face of D．in need of
D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生们提供奖学金。in favour of支持；in honour of为了纪念；in face of面对；in need of需要。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2008·江苏] —Why do you suggest we buy a new machine
—Because the old one has been damaged ________.
A．beyond reach B．beyond repair
C．beyond control D．beyond description
B　考查介词短语辨析。beyond reach够不着；beyond repair无法修理；beyond control无法控制；beyond description无法描述。由句意可知，B项正确。
专题预测
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Having lived in the town for many years, Mr. Smith no longer felt ________ among the local people.
A．out of control B．out of touch
C．out of place D．out of use
C　句意：史密斯先生在这个镇子生活已有很多年了 ，因此在当地人中间，不在感到格格不入。out of control 失控；out of touch 不联系，失去联系；out of place不得体，不得当，不适当； out of use不再使用。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Success in life doesn’t happen ________. It’s the result of devoting your time and energy to what you’ve set out to do.
A．by force B．by design
C．by accident D．by choice
C　句意：人生的成功不是偶然而至，它是将时间与精力投入到你决心要做的事情之后的结果。by force 用武力；by design 故意地；by accident 偶然地。从语境判断选C。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.Recent surveys show that women live longer than men ________.
A．in general B．in all
C．in total D．in common
A　句意：最近的调查表明，总的来说女性比男性的寿命长。这里用in general 表示“一般来说，大体上”。in all 总共，一共；in total 总共；in common 有相同处，共同。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Did you find the film interesting
—________， I nearly fell asleep halfway through it.
A．In time B．On the other hand
C．At the same time D．On the contrary
D　句意：“你觉得这部影片有趣吗？”“正好相反，我才看了一半就昏昏欲睡了。”in time及时；on the other hand 另一方面；at the same time 与此同时；on the contrary 相反。从语境判断选D。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.In America it’s a mistake to think of Florida only as the place for vacation ________ its tourist attraction.
A．in honour of B．in terms of
C．in the name of D．in the eyes of
B　句意：如果你认为美国的佛罗里达州只是因为其众多的旅游景点而成为一个度假的地方，那你就错了。in honour of 为了向……表示敬意，为纪念……；in terms of 从……方面来说，用……的话，按照；in the name of 以……的名义；in the eyes of 在……看来。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.The government would give away 2 billion dollars ________ to the oil and gas industry to strengthen environmental protection.
A．in detail B．in turn
C．in charge D．in total
D　句意：政府决定向石油和天然气产业注入共计(in total)二十亿美元，以加强对环境的保护。in detail 详细地；in turn 依次地，轮流地，转而，反过来；in charge 负责，主管。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.More countries cooperating with each other to reform the financial markets, economic recovery is just ________.
A．on the corner B．in the corner
C．at the corner D．around the corner
D　句意：更多的国家互相合作改革金融市场，经济很快会复苏。on the corner 在拐角处；in the corner 在角落里(内角)；at the corner 在拐角处(外角)；around the corner 在拐角处，在附近，即将来临。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.If he is determined to do what he wants to do, he will do so ________ what others think of him.
A．on account of B．in spite of
C．regardless of D．in case of
C　句意：假如他决定做他想做的事，他就会去做，而不管别人怎么看待他。这里用regardless of 表示“不管，不顾”。on account of 因为；in spite of 尽管；in case of 以防万一。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.There was a murder in one of the poorest suburbs in the city the other day. Now the police are turning the whole house upside down ________ clues.
A．in want of B．in search of
C．in favor of D．in memory of
B　句意：几天前在那所城市最贫穷的一个郊区发生了一起谋杀案，现在警方在彻底搜查那所房子以寻找线索。in want of 需要；in search of 搜查；in favor of 支持，赞成；in memory of 纪念。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.A medical team rushed to the scene of the disaster where hospitals were ________ doctors and nurses.
A．in favor of B．in charge of
C．in want of D．in hope of
C　句意：一个医疗小组火速前往灾难现场。那里的医院迫切需要医生和护士。这里用in want of 表示“需要”。故选C。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.The economic plan announced by the government soon after the crisis was greeted enthusiastically ________.
A．in a row B．for a moment
C．on all sides D．at first sight
C　句意：危机发生后不久政府宣布的经济计划受到了各方面的热烈欢迎。in a row 一个接一个地，接连不断地；for a moment 片刻，一会儿；on all sides 在各方面；at first sight 乍一看，初看起来。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)12.It was clear that the small grocery was ________ people he owed money to.
A．at the expense of B．at the risk of
C．in the way of D．at the mercy of
D　句意：很显然，这家小杂货店是否能经营下去，就得看他欠了钱的那些人的脸色了。这里用at the mercy of 表示“任凭……的摆布，完全受……支配”。at the expense of 由……负担费用，以……为代价；at the risk of 冒着……的危险；in the way of 妨碍。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.In order to accomplish the task on time, they have been working for several months ________.
A．in public B．on end
C．at length D．for once
B　句意：为了按时完成这项任务，他们已经连续工作了几个月。这里用on end 表示“连续地”．in public 公开地，当众；at length 详细地，(共200张PPT)
专题一 记叙文型完形填空
专题二 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题三 议论文型完形填空
专题四 说明文型完形填空
模块2 完形填空
模块 2　完形填空
考纲解读
模块 2 │ 考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。近几年新课标区高考英语完形填空题遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设题思路，遵循了“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言综合运用能力和对英语基础知识的掌握水平，注重文章内容的生活化，语言的交际性，旨在检测考生在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力，要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思畅通，结构完整。
命题分析
模块 2 │ 命题分析
在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词数大多在250—300之间，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。其具体的特点有：
模块 2 │ 命题分析
1．情节完整，语境性强
尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。此外，“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
2．以意义填空为主
试题在着重考查学生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。所设选项符合语言规范，且选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。考查以实词(动词、名词、形容词或副词等)为主，以虚词(介词、连词、冠词等)为辅。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
3．逻辑推理性越强
近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项，其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要按照事情发展的规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断正确的答案。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
4．融入常识背景考查
有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行，这种情况下，就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识，具有一定的边缘学科知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯等，养成跨文化思维意识。
应试点睛
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
一、唱好三部曲，挑战零失误
1.速读全文，掌握大意
理解全文是高分突破完形填空的基础。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，画出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便形成思路。一定不能在未掌握大意的基础上边阅读，边做题，否则就会事倍功半。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
2．瞻前顾后，先易后难
先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空格，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。遇到少数没有把握的选项时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路继续进行，等到大部分答案选出后，借助已经补全的信息，进一步加深对文章的理解，再回过头来推敲剩余的选项，就会有柳暗花明的感觉。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
3．通读全文，调整答案
最后，把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查，看看所选的答案是否能使上下文(段与段、句与句之间的衔接)连贯，是否合乎逻辑，同时还要从语法、词汇、惯用法、常识甚至是语感等方面考虑验证，特别要对第一次没有把握的选项进行推敲，以便准确敲定答案。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
二、活用技巧，胜券在握
1．重视首句暗示，进行猜测性推理判断
完形填空题首句不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，因此，在做题时，我们要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2010·广东] Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have __1__(practical) functions and purposes which lead to __2__ differences.
(　　)2. A.national　　　　B．embarrassing
C．cultural D．amazing
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　 文章开篇点题，从开头总括句Every country has its own culture.可以看出，下面所举的例子是为证明这一主题句，由此可以轻松确定答案。
2．熟悉语境分析，从上下文寻找线索
通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。近年高考试题逐渐摈弃单纯的语法分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。因此，只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确做出判断。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2010·湖南] …Beans, and I walk the trail frequently. Normally, Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or __1__ some cause known only to him.
…
Since our adventure, I __2__(concluded)that Beans probably knew all along how to get home. He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.
(　　)1. A.imagine B．consider
C．explore D．present
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　根据全文最后一句 “He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.”可判断选C。
3．利用语法分析，搞定语法题
完形填空题中经常出现一些较复杂的句式，给做题带来一些困难。虽然语法不再是考查的重点，而且一再被淡化，但偶尔还有语法分析题出现。此外，扎实的语法基础，较强的句子分析能力仍不失为做题的一件法宝。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s words, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__(introduces) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__(impact) on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)2. A.where B．unless
C．as D．whether
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 A　本题考查where引导的地点状语从句。本句意为“在有暴力的地方，也总有毒品。”
4．运用常识，简化分析过程
完形填空题所选的文章大多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的文章，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2010·湖北] The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to __1__ the seats, settled in one of them.
(　　)1. A.touch B．grab
C．count D．feel
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 D　考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择“feel(摸索，感知)”，而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch(触碰)”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
5．注意英汉差异，克服思维定势
【典例】 It started socially—a few calls each day. It seemed fine, just a quick chat. Gradually though, the situation got worse. Soon it was __1__ use, until, finally, addiction.
(　　)1. A.frequent B．regular
C．unusual D．particular
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 A　如果仅凭汉语思维“经常用”电话，很容易误选B, regular虽然也有“经常的”的意思，但侧重指“固定的，有规律的”，不是一个贬义词。此处表示最后作者打电话上瘾之前，打电话是一种“频繁的”行为，含有贬义，因此用“frequent(频繁的)”，表示行为“过火”，答案为A。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
6．巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围
解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对四个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白， 但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率就会逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2009·重庆] For two days he was __1__ by his mother. As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the __2__ (pressure)．
(　　)1. A.protected B．nursed
C．scolded D．affected
【解析】 B　可以用排除法来解答此题。前面提到这个男孩患了感冒，可以判断A、C和D项都不符合语境要求，只有B项(得到母亲的照顾)才符合情理。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
7．注意熟词新意，轻松化难为易
《考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义、多性现象是普遍存在的。从这三年的高考题来看，熟词僻意现象的增多，无形中大大增加了试题的难度，这也是考生失分的重要原因。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2009·广东] …Nobel arranged in his __1__ to give the largest part of his money to __2__(establish) the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made…
(　　)1. A.book B．article
C．will D．contract
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　考查语境化选词。由本段最后一句Nobel had to die before he realized…可知，是在“遗嘱(will)”中作的安排。book“书”；article“文章”；contract“合同”。在此题中will不是我们所熟悉的意思“意志， 决心， 愿望；将要”，而是“遗嘱”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
8．重视语篇通读，多角度的逻辑推理
完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程，必须把握作者的思路，通过联想、推测等方法，多换角度去思考问题，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 My father’s unemployment created many changes in our lives. For starters, he was home all the time，…I would come home every day to find him at the computer __1__ jobs. I began to notice how down he seemed, though he tried to be __2__. For the first time, I saw my dad as vulnerable.… I gave up my __3__， which even though it wasn’t much, but I felt like the right thing to do. I also found a part time job.
After several difficult months of searching，my dad decided to go in a totally different direction.
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
(　　)1. A.answering for　　　B．waiting for
C．searching for D．hoping for
(　　)2. A.athletic B．optimistic
C．authentic D．bureaucratic
(　　)3. A.allowance B．circumstance
C．guidance D．insurance
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】
1．C　语境化选词。search for“寻找”。失业了，所以应该是在找工作。wait for (等候，等待)干扰性最大；answer for 对……负责。下文“After several difficult months of searching，”也有暗示。
2．B　语境化选词。前文告诉我们，父亲很失望，how down he seemed，连词though表示转折，所以应选optimistic。句意为：尽管父亲尽量装作很乐观，但是我开始注意到他是多么失落。athletic健壮的；authentic真正的；bureaucratic官僚的。
3．A　语境化选词。allowance 零用钱。因为父亲失业了，所以我就放弃了零花钱，以减轻父亲的负担。circumstance条件；guidance指导；insurance 保险。
题型探究
模块 2 │ 题型探究
词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点，主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查，如名词、形容词、动词、副词等，而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。如果说单项填空中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查，那么完形填空题中的词汇辨析题则是完全依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。从这个角度上讲，完形填空命题的设置其实是单项填空试题的拓展和升华，因此其难度也可想而知。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分几种实词的语义差别。
　探究点一　词汇辨析型
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·浙江] Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __1__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __2__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __3__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
So I __4__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __5__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were __6__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __7__ them that they couldn’t open their presents __8__ every child had come forward. Finally, the __9__ they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __10__ up the room.
…
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.A.present　　　　　B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)2.A.hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)3.A.strength B．independence
C．importance D．safety
(　　)4.A.kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
(　　)5.A.none B．few
C．some D．each
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)6.A.fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)7.A.reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)8.A.after B．until
C．when D．since
(　　)9.A.chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)10.A.lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，从而关注弱势群体，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。本文的命题选项典型地体现了词汇辨析的特点。
1．B　考查形容词辨析。联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first，西方人对于圣诞节很重视，是一家人团圆的日子，所以此时表达重要性，作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节特别且有纪念意义。
2．B　考查副词辨析。根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是立刻就想到了那件让她难忘的事情。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
3．C　考查名词辨析。根据第一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨，和作者此刻的心情可知，作者当时感觉自己很重要，故也想把这种感觉传递给更多的孩子们。
4．C　考查动词短语辨析。从上一段的可以推断，是作者提出了(came up with)一个计划。
5．D　考查不定代词辨析。根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
6．B　考查形容词辨析。每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
7．A　考查动词辨析。从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，我提醒他们开始不要打开礼物。
8．B　考查连词辨析。not…until直到……才。
9．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待的拆礼物的时刻到来了，故选择moment。
10．A　考查动词辨析。分析四个选项的意思，根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
近年来高考完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词，限制与非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)、状语从句、非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)、时态、语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句，以及一些词类之间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容， 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
　探究点二　语法结构型
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2009·湖北] Mrs. McNamara kept all of our written work in files; it was easy to see the __1__(improvements) in writing that had occurred. What was not so easy to see was the inner transformation that had taken place, at least for me. What Mrs. McNamara __2__(forced) me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I __3__. Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.
(　　)3. A.did B．could
C．had D．would
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　考查助动词的功能。根据上文I could improve myself可知应使用did代替improved，即“我的确提高了自我”，不能选择could，因此处强调的是动词improve本身而并非“could”。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__(lost) all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__(penniless), he loaded his family into the car and __4__(took) them to see family members in Canada with a __5__(belief)，“There are more important things in life than money.”
(　　)2. A.when B．while
C．how D．why
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　考查定语从句。根据句法可以判断此空是定语从句，先行词是times，所以要用when，相当于in which。
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空题中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对短语搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断未知信息。
　探究点三　习惯搭配型
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s words, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__(introduces) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__(where) there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)3.A.impression B．burden
C．decision D．impact
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 D　考查习惯搭配。本文讲述的主题是和谐气氛与载体平台下的沟通有利于青少年健康成长。本空中have an impact on是一个固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。因此选择D项。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·四川] Well，that few minutes turned into about forty five minutes，including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) __1__ by comparison.
(　　)1. A.light B．pale
C．easy D．quick
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文记述了作者一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待中，成人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴儿在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。本空中make…pale by comparison 意为“使……相形见绌”，此处用以强调飞机在空中极不稳定。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外，还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和句干之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻
　探究点四　语篇逻辑型
模块 2 │ 题型探究
辑上的必然联系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系 (连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next，finally等)。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·北京] I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, __1__ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my __2__. She wanted to know how I thought we should __3__ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew __4__ about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her __5__. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to __6__ them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how __7__ I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
Mrs. Neidl’s __8__ that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it __9__！”I began to take __10__. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be __11__ upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and __12__ create something.
…
She taught me not to __13__ what people think I should do. She taught me to take chances and not be __14__. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her __15__ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined __16__.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.A.and B．yet
C．so D．for
(　　)2.A.opinion B．impression
C．information D．intention
(　　)3.A.make B．keep
C．handle D．change
(　　)4.A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
(　　)5.A.questions B．comments
C．explanations D．remarks
(　　)6.A.hold B．follow
C．evaluate D．form
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)7.A.happy B．lively
C．reliable D．punctual
(　　)8.A.message B．motto
C．saying D．suggestion
(　　)9.A.again B．more
C．instead D．later
(　　)10.A.steps B．control
C．charge D．risks
(　　)11.A.improved B．acted
C．looked D．reflected
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)12.A.easily B．carefully
C．confidently D．proudly
(　　)13.A.accept B．care
C．judge D．wonder
(　　)14.A.bored B．lazy
C．sad D．afraid
(　　)15.A.trust B．patience
C．curiosity D．interest
(　　)16.A.accessible B．enjoyable
C．possible D．favorable
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 本文是一篇励志文章，通过“我”的经历，说明了勇气、自信、尝试和信任的重要性。本文在命题上最佳地表现了“语句、语段、语篇”之间的逻辑联系，是一篇典型的“语篇逻辑型”的完形填空。
1．B　考查语段理解。前面unpleasant voice 和 direct way of speaking是消极意向，后面encouraging 和 inspiring是积极意向，因此需填转折连词，四个选项中A表并列，C表结果，D表原因，只有B选项yet表转折。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
2．A　考查语篇理解。第二段第二句话“她想知道我认为我们该怎样处理事情”直接提示了这个空应该选观点opinion这个词。第二段倒数第四句话中也出现了这个词，从而验证了其正确性。impression 印象；information 信息；intention 意图，均不符合题意。
3．C　考查语篇理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握handle 的两种意思，名词是“柄、把”，动词是“处理”，这里考查后者。make做、创造；keep保持；change改变，均不符合题意。
4．D　考查语段理解。开始我不知如何回答是因为我对舞台设计“一无所知”。 know nothing about sth 对某事一无所知。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
5．A　考查语篇理解。解题关键词是本句的 “respond (回答，响应)”， 线索是第二段第一句中的 “ask (提问)”及后面的“answer 回答”， 因此这里填 “question (问题)”这个词。B、D选项是“评论”，C是“解释”，不符合题意。
6．D　考查语篇理解。本句的them指代opinions。form opinion形成观点，hold opinion持有某种观点。form 是个变化的状态，hold是个持续的状态，根据文意推断，作者开始并没有观点，由于她相信我有观点，所以我形成了观点，强调形成这个过程。另外began to后接有变化感的词，故选form不选hold。follow 遵照，evaluate评估，均与题意差别较大。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
7．C　考查语段理解。解题线索在后半句 “so I began to show up to paint more and more ”。作者做的事情是Mrs. Neidl信任的结果，说明我是个可信赖(reliable)的人，C选项符合题意。happy 高兴的；lively活泼的；punctual 准时的，均不能表达出这种合理的因果关系。另外迷惑性较大的lively通常用来形容物。
8．B　考查语段理解。引号里是一句鼓励性质的话，而且前面“that year”也是线索，说明这话是她的座右铭。迷惑性较大的C选项saying是“谚语”的意思，往往是人们长期形成的对生活及经验的总结，强调群体性及时间性，故不合适。message 信息，suggestion 建议，不合题意。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
9．D　考查语篇理解。本题难度较大，解题关键词是介词“over”，表“覆盖”。选择later 可以理解为“如果没有画好，稍后可以再画一次覆盖在之前的画上。” more更多， instead 代替， 不合题意。迷惑性最大的是again，表示“再一次，又一次”，但是放在这里与over意思重复，paint over it later相当于 paint it again, 故不选A。
10．D　考查语篇理解。take risks 冒险，固定搭配。通读全文发现作者是开始很不自信，第四段开头也提示了作者“shy” ，“quiet”，因此动笔画画对他来说是个冒险，是自我突破的过程，文章最后一段也提到了take chances冒险，因此选D。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
11．A　考查语篇理解。improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次。”因此不存在失败，只存在改进。act upon按照，对……起作用；look upon 看待，考虑；reflect upon 考虑，回顾，均不符合题意。
12．C　考查语篇理解。本段主要描写了作者从不敢做到敢做的过程，根据前文提示，作者曾很不自信，后来在Mrs. Neidl的鼓励下自信地拿起了画笔，因此选confidently。 easily 容易地，作者超越自我的过程并不容易；carefully 小心地，创作并不是个小心翼翼的过程；proudly 骄傲地。文章中没有任何体现。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
13．B　考查语篇理解。“她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做”。care 在乎，符合文意。accept 接受，judge 判断，wonder 怀疑，均不合文意。
14．D　考查语段理解。be afraid害怕。前面说take chances 冒险，后面理所当然说不要怕(失败)，而且前文反复出现了afraid 这个词，是全篇的关键词。bored 无聊的，lazy 懒惰的，sad 伤心的，在文中均无体现。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
15．A　考查语篇理解。trust 信任。通读全文会发现文中多次提到Mrs. Neidl对作者的信任，因此推断出答案。patience 耐心，curiosity好奇心，interest兴趣，文中均无体现。
16．C　考查语篇理解。“她对我的信任激励我完成以前认为不可能的事情”， “never imagined possible” 等于 “imagined impossible” 认为不可能的，贴合文意。accessible 容易取得的，enjoyable愉快的，favorable 有利的，赞同的，均不合文意。
专题 一 记叙文型完
形填空
专题一 │ 记叙文型完形填空
专题导读
专题 一 │ 专题导读
记叙文是高考完形填空题的主打体裁。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(when，where，who，what，why…)；记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中
专题 一 │ 专题导读
主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能做出合理的选择。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·山东] It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members__1__the hall.I was only a 7 year old girl，but I was the center of__2__.Finally，after weeks of preparation，I would__3__all my hard work in a dance performance.Everything would be__4__—so I thought.I waited backstage all__5__in my black tights with a golden belt.In a loud and clear voice，the master of ceremonies__6__that my class was next.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet，facing the__7__.All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box.It really was an__8__move.I was concentrating so much on__9__the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look__10__I was going.I missed my partner’s box altogether and__11__.There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes.I could hear giggles(咯咯笑)coming from the audience，and I felt the__12__rush to my face.I remembered my dance teacher had told us，“If you make a mistake，keep smiling so the audience will not__13__.”I did my best to follow her__14__as I continued with the routine.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　When the curtain dropped，so did my__15__for the evening.I__16__bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face.I ran backstage，but no one could__17__me down.
Recently I realized I had been a__18__that night.I was__19__，but I fought the urge to run off the stage.__20__，I finished the routine with a smile on my face.Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance，I can laugh too.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)1. A. filled　　　　　B. visited
C. attended D. decorated
(　　)2. A. pressure B. impression
C. debate D. attention
(　　)3. A. take over B. show off
C. look after D. give up
(　　)4. A. reasonable B. suitable
C. obvious D. perfect
(　　)5. A. dressed up B. folded up
C. covered up D. mixed up
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　(　　)6. A. suggested B. explained
C. announced D. predicted
(　　)7. A. music B. audience
C. curtain D. stage
(　　)8. A. easy B. active
C. adventurous D. extra
(　　)9. A. containing B. hiding
C. sharing D. keeping
(　　)10. A. why B. whether
C. where D. what
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)11. A. wandered B. slipped
C. waved D. skipped
(　　)12. A. blood B. pleasure
C. pride D. tear
(　　)13. A. leave B. cheer
C. believe D. notice
(　　)14. A. gesture B. example
C. advice D. plan
(　　)15. A. doubts B. hopes
C. voice D. patience
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　(　　)16. A. argued B. shouted
C. begged D. sobbed
(　　)17. A. turn B. calm
C. let D. put
(　　)18. A. star B. pioneer
C. loser D. fool
(　　)19. A. satisfied B. moved
C. embarrassed D. confused
(　　)20. A. However B. Instead
C. In total D. In return
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个小女孩儿时一次尴尬而有趣的经历。小女孩在一次表演中由于疏忽而演砸了，观众哄堂大笑。虽然难堪，但她还是将表演进行到底。
1. A　Excitement and family members filled the hall.表示“家人很多，心情激动。”
2. D　因为是表演，所以应是人们关注(attention)的焦点。
3. B　根据句意可知“我将炫耀(show off)我训练的成果”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 4. D　perfect(完美的)用于本句表示“表演将非常完美”，符合语境。
5. A　动词短语dressed up(穿……衣服)，与后面black tights相呼应。
6. C　动词announced表示“宣布”，符合语境。
7. B　facing the audience作谓语was doing的伴随语，表示“面对观众做表演”。
8. A　an easy move(一个很简单的动作)与下文“表演失败”形成对比。
9. D　根据句意“表演时脸上保持微笑(keep the huge smile on my face)”可知选D。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 10. C　由于我高昂着头，所以没有注意走台的方位(where)，与后句的描述相呼应。
11. B　根据下文I slipped during a dance performance可知答案。
12. A　根据句意“由于表演失败，所以我因难堪而脸红了(felt the blood rush to my face)”可知。
13. D　根据句意“表演出差错时要保持微笑，这样观众不会注意到(notice)差错”可知。
14. C　follow her advice表示“听从她的建议”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 15. B　根据句意“当舞台落幕时，我炫耀表演的希望(hopes)也破灭了”可知。
16. D　表演失败、希望破灭，所以“我”痛苦地哭泣(sob)。
17. B　calm sb.down表示“让某人平静下来”，符合语境。
18. A　根据下文“我是那天晚上表演的成功者”可知，名词star表示“表演明星”，与后面的描述一致。
19. C　根据句意：表演失败，我感觉很难堪(embarrassed)。
20. B　副词instead 表示“相反地”，符合语境。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 [2010·沈阳质检] One summer in college, I was invited to be an instructor at a high school leadership camp.
I first __1__ a boy under the tree on the first day of camp. His obvious __2__ and shyness made him appear weak and lonely. Nearby, 200 __3__ campers were playing and joking, but the boy seemed to want to be anywhere __4__ where he was.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 I was instructed to care more about campers who might feel__5__. So I __6__ him and said, “Hi, I’m Kevin. It’s nice to meet you. How are you？”
__7__ a shaky voice he __8__ answered, “Okay, I guess.”
I calmly asked him to join in the activities and __9__ some new people. He quietly replied, “No, this is not really my thing.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 I could __10__ that this whole experience was __11__ to him. But I somehow knew it wouldn’t be right to __12__ him, either. It was going to take more time and__13__.
The next day, I was leading camp songs for the campers. They eagerly participated. But the boy was just sitting alone, __14__ out the window.
That evening at our nightly staff meeting, I made my__15__ about him known. I asked them to pay special attention and spend time with him__16__ they could.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　The days flew by fast. When the “last dance” came, surprisingly, the boy from under the tree was now a shirtless dancing __17__. He owned the dance floor __18__ meaningful time with others. I couldn’t believe it was him.
In that instant, I realized how easy it is to give a bit of __19__ every day. You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone else. I tell this story as __20__ as I can, and I advise others to look out for their own “boy under the tree.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)1.A.learned　　　　　B．recognized
C．noticed D．heard
(　　)2.A.anger B．discomfort
C．excitement D．satisfaction
(　　)3.A.ambitious B．curious
C．anxious D．eager
(　　)4.A.other than B．just as
C．or rather D．as well as
(　　)5.A.left out B．put out
C．made out D．let out
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.A.passed B．left
C．visited D．approached
(　　)7.A.At B．In
C．On D．By
(　　)8.A.unfortunately B．unwillingly
C．unconsciously D．uninterestingly
(　　)9.A.help B．interview
C．find D．meet
(　　)10.A.sense B．suggest
C．consider D．prove
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)11.A.familiar B．similar
C．strange D．typical
(　　)12.A.push B．pull
C．pardon D．punish
(　　)13.A.effects B．exercises
C．efforts D．expenses
(　　)14.A.observing B．examining
C．admiring D．staring
(　　)15.A.trouble B．concern
C．devotion D．understanding
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)16.A.unless B．before
C．when D．since
(　　)17.A.wonder B．danger
C．scene D．instructor
(　　)18.A.sparing B．saving
C．spreading D．sharing
(　　)19.A.himself B．yourself
C．themselves D．itself
(　　)20.A.soon B．far
C．often D．long
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　【文章大意】 我注意到夏令营中有个男孩坐在树下，不去参加活动。通过我和他的交流，终于帮助这个男孩参加到活动中来了。
1．C　考查动词辨析。我“注意到”一个男孩坐在树下，所以选notice。
2．B　考查名词辨析。本空应选择一个与shyness，weak，lonely同类型的词。四个选项中只有discomfort 符合题意。
3．D　考查形容词辨析。结合下文They eagerly participated.可知，热切的夏令营成员都在玩耍。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 4．A　考查other than而不是。句意为：他想呆在别的地方，而不是现在的地方。
5．A　考查动词辨析。leave out遗忘，忽略。此处意为“感到被别人遗忘了”。
6．D　考查动词辨析。approach走近，靠近，接近。我“走近”他，对他说……
7．B　考查介词辨析。in a shaky voice以颤抖的声音。
8．B　考查副词辨析。 从后面的回答可以看出他是不情愿地(unwillingly)回答。
9．D　考查动词辨析。meet some new people与一些新人见面、交谈。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 10．A　考查动词辨析。 sense意识到。句意为：我“意识到”这所有的经历对于他来说都是陌生的。
11．C　考查形容词辨析。解析见上一题。
12．A　考查动词辨析。push 意为“逼迫，强迫”。我知道这个时候不能“强迫”他做什么事。
13．C　考查名词辨析。这需要花费时间和努力(efforts)。
14．D　考查动词辨析。stare盯着，这个男孩不参加活动，而是盯着窗外看。
15．B　考查名词辨析。“我”让大家知道了我对他的“担忧(concern)”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 16．C　考查连词辨析。“我”让他们在有空的时候抽出时间去陪陪这个男孩，所以选when，意为“当……时”。
17．A　考查名词辨析。“奇迹”出现了，小男孩来参加晚会了，所以选wonder。
18．D　考查动词辨析。男孩跳起了舞蹈，和其他人“共享”快乐时光，所以选share。
19．B　考查代词辨析。把你的时间拿出来去关注他人，也许对他人会有非凡的意义。
20．C　考查副词辨析。我“经常(often)”讲这个故事，是为了让他人关注“树下的男孩”。
专题 二 夹叙夹议型完
形填空
专题二 │ 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空题中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空题的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，它暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·浙江] I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old.My mother told us that we would not be__1__ Christmas gifts because there was not enough money.I felt sad and thought，“What would I say when the other kids asked what I’d__2__？”Just when I started to__3__that there would not be a Christmas that year，three women __4__ at our house with gifts for all of us.For me they brought a doll.I felt such a sense of __5__that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school.I wasn’t __6__.Somebody had thought__7__of me to bring me a gift.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 Years later，when I stood in the kitchen of my new house，thinking how I wanted to make my__8__Christmas there special and memorable，I__9__remembered the women’s visit.I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of__10__for as many children as I could possibly reach.
So I__11__a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help.We gathered about 125 orphans(孤儿)at the Christmas party.For every child，we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys，clothes，and school supplies，__12__with a child’s name.We wanted all of them to know they
专题 二 │ 真题再现
were__13__.Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts，I__14__them that they couldn’t open their presents__15__every child had come forward.Finally，the__16__they had been waiting for came as I called out，“One，two，three.Open your presents！”As the children opened their packages，their faces beamed and their bright smiles__17__up the room.The__18__in the room was obvious，and__19__ wasn’t just about toys.It was a feeling—the feeling I knew__20__that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit.I wasn’t forgotten.Somebody thought of me.I matter.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)1.A.sending　　　　　B．receiving
C．making D．exchanging
(　　)2.A.found B．prepared
C．got D．expected
(　　)3.A.doubt B．hope
C．suggest D．accept
(　　)4.A.broke in B．settled down
C．turned up D．showed off
(　　)5.A.relief B．loss
C．achievement D．justice
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)6.A.blamed B．loved
C．forgotten D．affected
(　　)7.A.highly B．little
C．poorly D．enough
(　　)8.A.present B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)9.A.hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)10.A.strength B．independence
C．importance D．safety
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)11.A.kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
(　　)12.A.none B．few
C．some D．each
(　　)13.A.fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)14.A.reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)15.A.after B．until
C．when D．since
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)16.A.chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)17.A.lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
(　　)18.A.atmosphere B．sympathy
C．calmness D．joy
(　　)19.A.it B．such
C．something D．everybody
(　　)20.A.by B．till
C．for D．from
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。
1．B　根据常识，外国的圣诞节里，孩子们是会收到(receive)礼物的。
2. C　很明显，作者在想别人在学校会问他在圣诞节时得到(get)什么礼物。
3. D　根据上文提示，可知作者开始接受(accept)那个没有圣诞礼物的事实了。
4. C　根据下文the women’s visit提示，可知：三个女性出现(turn up)在作者家门口。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　5. A　根据文章I felt sad and thought…的提示，可知：现在有人给送圣诞礼物了，因此作者终于松口气了(relief)，如果有人问起的话，不再那么紧张和尴尬了。
6. C　根据文章最后一段I wasn’t forgotten提示，可知答案。
7. D　根据固定搭配：enough to do sth足够……以至于，可知答案。
8．B　根据本句前的my new house提示，可知：作者在想如何使自己的第一次(first)圣诞礼物特殊而有纪念意义。
9. B　根据句意：也就在这时，作者立马(instantly)就想起了那次特殊的圣诞节了。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　10．C　根据上文的提示，可知：当时作者感觉自己很重要(importance)，故作者也想把这种感觉传递给他人。
11．C　根据句意：因此我想到了(come up with)一个计划。
12. D　根据a child’s name提示，可知是：每一个(each)。
13. B　根据Christmas there special and memorable提示，可知答案。
14. A　根据下句：One, two, three. Open your presents！提示，可知，作者当时提示(remind)大家不要打开礼物。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　15. B　根据固定搭配：not…until，直到……才。
16. C　根据下句：One, two, three. Open your presents！提示，可知：孩子们期待已久的时刻(moment)终于到来了。
17. A　根据beam提示，可知：孩子们灿烂的笑脸照亮了(light up)整个房间。
18. D　根据bright smiles提示，可知：大家都很高兴(joy)。
19. A　根据下句：it was a feeling提示，可知此处答案。
20. D　根据句意：一种我多年前来自(from)于那次圣诞节的感觉。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 (一)
At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop. I thought the job would be __1__ and stress free. I__2__ myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts(炸面包圈), and becoming friends with regular customers.
I wasn’t expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who __3__ that the coffee was much too creamy (含乳脂的), or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until __4__ reached perfection. I couldn’t seem to __5__ anyone.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 One rainy day, one of my __6__ customers came in looking upset. He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years. I knew exactly how he __7__.
Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He was __8__， since he hadn’t ordered anything but coffee. I had given him his favorite type of doughnut.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　“It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.”
He smiled and __9__ me before heading back out into the rain.
The next day, it was still __10__. I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders. I was completely __11__ and freezing cold. Worse, no one was __12__ that night. Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more __13__.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window. He handed me a pink rose and a __14__. He said that not many people took time to __15__ others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world. With a __16__ wave, he drove away.
I ran to the back of the shop and read the note. It read:
Christine，
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday. It is so nice to __17__ someone who’s genuinely (真诚地) nice. Please don’t change our ways! Have a great day!
—Hank
__18__ that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I __19__ Hank and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, __20__ my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you？”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)1.A.difficult B．easy
C．uncomfortable D．successful
(　　)2.A.pictured B．taught
C．saw D．felt
(　　)3.A.provided B．complained
C．suggested D．showed
(　　)4.A.the women B．it
C．they D．the men
(　　)5.A.control B．please
C．know D．understand
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)6.A.favorite B．familiar
C．regular D．strange
(　　)7.A.got B．became
C．grew D．felt
(　　)8.A.surprised B．happy
C．satisfied D．sad
(　　)9.A.helped B．thanked
C．asked D．found
(　　)10.A.fine B．raining
C．snowing D．cloudy
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)11.A.tired B．worried
C．wet D．disappointed
(　　)12.A.tipping B．helping
C．coming D．waiting
(　　)13.A.amazed B．glad
C．anxious D．depressed
(　　)14.A.paper B．book
C．note D．pen
(　　)15.A.help with B．take care
C．look out D．care about
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)16.A.friendly B．lonely
C．lively D．lovely
(　　)17.A.need B．meet
C．learn from D．describe
(　　)18.A.Before B．After
C．Beside D．Behind
(　　)19.A.thought of B．reminded of
C．approved of D．informed of
(　　)20.A.make B．cure
C．clear D．touch
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 【文章大意】 一个不经意的善举，一颗知恩感恩的心，就会让温馨和真情如火花般蔓延，温暖世界的每一个角落。
1．B　考查语境化选词。与下文的stress free(没有压力的)是并列关系，由此可以看出，四个选项中只有easy(轻松的)符合语境。 difficult 困难的；uncomfortable 不舒服的； successful成功的。
2．A　考查动词辨析。后面是作者对自己的美好生活的想象，所以选picture，在这里是动词，意思为“想象，描绘”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 3．B　考查语境化选词。从下文的“or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again.”看出女顾客们在抱怨。
4．C　考查语境化选词。they这里指的是上文的“their iced coffees”。
5．B　考查语境化选词。从上文顾客的抱怨，看出作者似乎不能使顾客高兴。please为动词，意思是“取悦”，符合题意。
6．C　考查语境化选词。从第一段最后的becoming friends with regular customers看出答案。
7．D　考查动词辨析。此处指作者很了解这个顾客的感受。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 8．A　考查语境化选词。从下文的since he hadn’t ordered anything but coffee看出，这个顾客是感到吃惊的。
9．B　考查语境化选词。从上文的I had given him his favorite type of doughnut. “It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.” He smiled…可看出，顾客是感谢作者的，故用thank。
10．B　考查语境化选词。从文章的第二段看是下雨天发生的事，又从句中的still一词看出应该是还在下雨。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 11．C　考查语境化选词。既然是下雨天，文中描述“I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders”，所以作者全身湿透，故选C项。
12．A　考查语境化选词。从作者浑身湿透，和句中一词worse“更糟的”，还有句中的Every time I looked into our empty tip jar，都可看出，是没有得到小费。tip是动词，意思是“给小费”。
13．D　考查形容词辨析。由于没有得到小费，作者的心情是沮丧的。depressed “沮丧的”； amazed“吃惊的”； anxious“着急的”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 14．C　考查语境化选词。从下文的I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.找到答案。
15．D　考查动词短语辨析。help with “帮助”；take care“当心”；look out“当心”； care about“关心”。从文章的上下文看，应该是关心，故选D项。
16．A　考查语境化选词。从上文的He handed me a pink rose and a __14__. He said that not many people took time to __15__ others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.看出，这个顾客应该是友好的。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 17．B　考查动词辨析。句意为：遇见一个和蔼真诚的人实在太美妙了。meet“遇见”，符合题意。
18．B　语境化选词。本句的意思是：从这以后，每当我心情不好的时候，我就想起了“Hank and his kindness”。
19．A　考查动词短语辨析。结合第18题。think of“想起”； remind of“提醒”；approve of“赞成”；inform of“通知”。
20．C　考查固定搭配。clear my throat意思是清清嗓子。句意为：于是，我会微笑着，昂起头，清一清喉咙，礼貌地问：“您想要点什么？”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　(二)
When I began my high school years, I was quite interested in biology. I read lots of books of my father’s about animals, and I was __1__ much educated about such matters as a 16 year old could be.
One Sunday afternoon, I was __2__ with friends about animals. I said the whale was __3__ a mammal animal. They disagreed. Finally, I called a __4__ over to help settle the matter. I knew I was __5__， so I was looking forward to the teacher __6__ I was right. My friends were eager for an opposite answer. We asked her __7__ the whale was a mammal. “No, the whale is a fish，” she said without a moment’s __8__.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 You could have knocked me over with a feather. My __9__ was hurt because I lost the argument, but that wasn’t the main reason I was too __10__ to speak. I still knew I was right, which __11__ the teacher was wrong. Not only was she wrong, __12__ she was completely ignorant about something I thought was __13__ knowledge. But she was a teacher who had taught a long time. Everyone __14__ her and no one else thought she could be wrong.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 __15__ that, I hadn’t known grown ups could be wrong. This __16__ shaped the way I viewed people as I grew up. __17__ I found anyone treated another person with too much respect and admiration, I thought—and still think—“__18__ silly.” From that point on, I had no __19__ for authority. To earn my respect, you have to be smart or __20__. I’ll never respect you just because you happen to be in charge or have a degree.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)1.A.as B．so
C．too D．very
(　　)2.A.meeting B．working
C．arguing D．staying
(　　)3.A.about B．like
C．beside D．above
(　　)4.A.professor B．biologist
C．librarian D．teacher
(　　)5.A.clever B．right
C．creative D．silly
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.A.proving B．finding
C．promising D．hoping
(　　)7.A.how B．why
C．if D．when
(　　)8.A.doubt B．silence
C．regret D．hesitation
(　　)9.A.heart B．mind
C．pride D．feeling
(　　)10.A.foolish B．anxious
C．serious D．astonished
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 (　　)11.A.meant B．suggested
C．admitted D．concluded
(　　)12.A.and B．but
C．for D．or
(　　)13.A.special B．normal
C．regular D．common
(　　)14.A.pleased B．admired
C．believed D．loved
(　　)15.A.Before B．After
C．Until D．Since
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)16.A.fairly B．properly
C．nearly D．greatly
(　　)17.A.Whenever B．Although
C．While D．Whether
(　　)18.A.I’m B．that’s
C．he’s D．you’re
(　　)19.A.idea B．respect
C．choice D．question
(　　)20.A.energetic B．patient
C．talented D．diligent
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　【文章大意】 作者在与朋友的一次争辩中，老师的无知让作者的自豪感荡然无存。从此以后，作者不再盲目相信权威，而是佩服真正拥有聪明才智的人。
1．A　本句用了“as…as…”结构，意思是作者在这方面得到了和一个16岁大的孩子一样多的教育。
2．C　根据后两句的内容可知，作者当时在和朋友“争论”。此外，第三段第二句中的argument也是线索提示。
3．B　作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，朋友们“不同意”，由此才有了之后的叫老师来解决争端。因此选B 项。其他选项都不符合语意。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 4．D　根据下一句后半句中的内容可知，作者请“老师”来解决这个问题。
5．B　根据本句后半句中的内容可知作者知道自己是“对”的。作者对生物学感兴趣且读过不少书，他对自己的观点深信不疑。
6．A　作者非常自信，所以希望老师能够“证明(prove)”自己是正确的。
7．C　上文中提到作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，而作者的朋友则持相反的观点，所以询问老师鲸鱼“是否”是哺乳动物。此处if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 8．D　下文叙述的是老师的无知，由此可以推断她毫不“犹豫”地回答说鲸鱼不是哺乳动物，而是鱼。without hesitation毫不犹豫。
9．C　文章第一段中提到作者阅读了很多关于动物的书籍，自然知晓鲸鱼是哺乳动物，在与朋友争辩中显然为自己知道事实真相而感到“自豪”，但是老师的无知让作者的自豪感受到了伤害。
10．D　作者明明知道自己的观点正确，而老师竟然毫不犹豫地否定，作者自然感到非常“吃惊”，一时无话可说。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 11．A　作者依然知道自己是正确的，这“意味着”老师的观点是错误的。A项表示“意味着”；B项表示“提议，表明”；C项表示“承认”；D项表示“推出，断定”。
12．B　此句是“not only…but also…”结构，表示“不但……而且……”，but后面省略了also。
13．D　common knowledge表示“常识”，此处common表示“普通的，平常的”。她不但错了，而且她对作者认为的常识完全不知晓。前三项分别表示“特殊的”，“正常的”，“规律的”，都不符合所给语境。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 14．C　上一句中提到她的教龄很长，再结合本句后半句的内容可知，每个人都“相信”她的话。A项表示“取悦”，B项表示“钦佩，羡慕”，D项表示“喜爱”，均不符合语意。
15．A　在此“之前”，作者一直不知道成年人也犯错。C项构成“not…until…”结构，主语的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，所以用在此处不合适。B、D两项均不符合语意。故选A项。
16．D　上述事件在作者的成长过程中“极大地”影响了他对别人的看法。A项表示“相当地”时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词；B项表示“适当地”；C项表示“几乎”，均不符合语意。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 17．A　此处所要表达的意思是“每当”作者发现有人对另外一个人过于尊敬和崇拜的时候……所以用whenever“无论何时”。虽然C项也可以表示“当……时候”，但是其谓语动词应该是延续性动词，所以不可选。B、D两项都不符合语意。
18．B　此处that承接上文，指代本句前半句的内容，即有人过于尊敬或崇拜另一个人的做法。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 19．B　上一句中提到作者厌恶人们过于尊敬或崇拜他人，由此可知作者不再“尊重”所谓的权威。此外，下一句中to earn my respect也是线索提示。
20．C　“鲸鱼”事件后，作者改变了以往的做法，开始看重聪明“才智”，而不是地位或者学位的高低。talented“有才能的”；energetic“精力充沛的”；patient“有耐心的”；diligent“刻苦的”。
专题 三 议论文型完
形填空
专题 三 │ 议论文型完形填空
专题导读
专题 三│ 专题导读
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空题最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的，也有反面的，最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
专题 三│ 专题导读
(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。
真题再现
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 [2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__“There are more important things in life than money.”
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 The __6__ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __7__ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__ that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t. __9__， their reaction echoed (共鸣) their great grandfather’s. What they __10__ was how warm the people were in the house and how __11__ of their heart was accessible.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children __12__ hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__ in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in storytelling events and festivals.
A university __14__ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to __15__ parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 The __16__ is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that __18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s __19__， and make eye contact (接触) to create “a personal experience”. We don’t have to tell children __20__ they should take from the story and what the moral is.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　(　　)1.A.missed　　　　　　B．lost
C．forgot D．ignored
(　　)2.A.when B．while
C．how D．why
(　　)3.A.friendless B．worthless
C．penniless D．homeless
(　　)4.A.fetched B．allowed
C．expected D．took
(　　)5.A.hope B．promise
C．suggestion D．belief
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　(　　)6.A.tale B．agreement
C．arrangement D．report
(　　)7.A.large B．small
C．new D．grand
(　　)8.A.surprised B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．worried
(　　)9.A.Therefore B．Besides
C．Instead D．Otherwise
(　　)10.A.talked about B．cared about
C．wrote about D．heard about
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 (　　)11.A.much B．many
C．little D．few
(　　)12.A.beyond B．over
C．behind D．through
(　　)13.A.argument B．skill
C．interest D．anxiety
(　　)14.A.study B．design
C．committee D．staff
(　　)15.A.provide B．retell
C．support D．refuse
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 (　　)16.A.trouble B．gift
C．fact D．trick
(　　)17.A.perform B．write
C．hear D．question
(　　)18.A.means B．ends
C．begins D．proves
(　　)19.A.needs B．activities
C．judgments D．habits
(　　)20.A.that B．what
C．which D．whom
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　【文章大意】 研究表明，给孩子们讲述先辈们艰苦奋斗的故事不仅有助于他们度过难关，也可以缓解他们的精神压力——消减怒气和焦虑。
1．B　考查动词词义辨析。根据后一分句中的动词lose可知此处选B。
2．A　考查语法结构判断。 引导定语从句，代替在从句中作时间状语的先行词times，所以要用when，相当于in which。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 3．C　考查形容词词义辨析。penniless“身无分文的”。根据前文的darkest times，以及下文对当时情况的描述“there are more important things in life than money.”可知此处选C。friendless “没有友谊的，无依无靠的”； worthless “没有价值的”。
4．D　考查动词词义辨析。take sb. to do sth. 带某人去干某事。由本句中的he loaded his family into the car可以推断出，父亲怀着“人生中还有比金钱更重要的东西”这一信念，让我们上车，带我们去加拿大看那里的其他的家庭成员。 fetch去取；allow允许；expect预料，期待。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 5．D　考查名词词义辨析。由语境可知，当时他们已经身无分文了，所以可以推断出所填词意思是：信念(belief)，也就是下文所说的“there are more important things in life than money”，所以选“belief(信念)”。hope希望；promise诺言；suggestion建议。
6．A　考查语境化选词。这里就是指的上文所说的故事，所以用tale，也可以由文章首句得到启示，故选A。agreement同意，协议；arrangement安排；report报告。
7．B　考查语境化选词。根据downsize可知此处选B。句意为：Mr. Guyer从一个很贵、很舒适的大房子搬到一个小房子里。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 8．D　考查形容词词义辨析。由于搬到小房子之后，生活条件的落差很大，他担心(worried)他15岁的女儿和22岁的双胞胎儿子会沮丧，故选D。surprised吃惊的； annoyed恼怒的；disappointed失望的。
9．C　考查副词词义辨析。由前文的“they weren’t.”可以看出，情况恰恰和他预料到的相反，所以此处表转折，用Instead(相反)，故选C。therefore“因此”，表因果； besides“此外”；otherwise“否则，要不然”。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 10．B　考查动词短语辨析。 talk about“谈论，讨论”；care about“注意，关心，对……感兴趣”；write about“写关于……的事”；hear about“听说”。由句意可知此处选B。
11．A　根据句意可知，孩子们关心的是全家人心灵之间的贴切度(有多么贴近)，much表程度，符合句意。
12．D　考查介词辨析。句意为：很多父母们发现家庭的故事帮助孩子们渡过(through)难关有着惊人的力量。 所填介词与hard times构成搭配，意思是：渡过艰难时期。选D。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 13．C　考查名词辨析。 前文提到讲述家人以前的故事的积极作用，所以这里的意思是：故事专家们说这种现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事越来越大的兴趣(interest)……，故选C。argument 辩论； skill技巧；anxiety焦虑。
14．A　考查名词辨析。study意思是“研究”。下文介绍的是研究的结果，句意为：一项大学对于65个有14到16岁孩子的家庭的研究发现，能复述父辈故事的孩子们易怒和焦虑的概率相对较低。design 设计；committee 委员会；staff全体员工。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 15．B　考查动词辨析。retell复述。
16．D
17．C　考查动词辨析。句意为：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能听的方式来讲。选C。
18．C　考查语境化选词。由后文的直接引语可知这是故事的开头，故此处选C。
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 19．A　考查固定搭配。由本句的谓语动词suit可以推断出此处选A，suit one’s needs意思是“满足某人的需要”。句意为：我们讲这些故事应该满足孩子们的需要，并且注意目光接触，也没有必要告诉他们应该从故事中学到什么，(这样才会有效果)。
20．B　考查名词性从句引导词的判断。空后的“they should take from the story and what the moral is”是一个陈述性质的宾语从句，既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作谓语动词take的宾语，所以要用what。
专题预测
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 When Winston Churchill was a young man, his father concluded that Churchill was “unfit for a career in law or politics” because he did so badly in school.
When Charles Darwin was getting ready to __1__ on his five year expedition on The Beagle, his father was extremely __2__.He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 George Washington’s mother was a complaining, __3__ woman by all accounts. She thought little of Washington’s achievements and didn’t __4__ at either of his presidential inaugurations(就职典礼). She was always complaining that her __5__ overlooked her and she was especially angry when her son George ran off to __6__ the army for the American Revolution. She __7__ believed it was his duty to stay home and take care of her.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　In his youth, the __8__ Leonard Bernstein, one of the most talented and successful composers in American history, was continually pressured by his father to give up his __9__ and do something worthwhile, like helping out in his family’s beauty supply business. After Leonard became __10__， his father was asked about that, and he answered, “Well, how was I supposed to know he was the Leonard Bernstein？”
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 People may criticize you or make fun of your ideas or actively try to __11__ you. Often their efforts are only attempts to protect you from __12__. But obviously failure is only a possibility if you stop. If you keep __13__， a “failure” is just another learning __14__. Besides, giving up on a heartfelt goal is worse than failing. “Many people die”， said Wendell Holmes, “__15__ their music still in them. That’s true tragedy.”
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 So listen __16__ to the worries and criticisms of your friends and family, and do your best to put their __17__ at ease, but then carry on. Listen last to your own heart. You __18__ yourself better than anyone on earth. Make sure your song is __19__.
Listen to your own heart. Don’t let your music __20__ with you.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.A.set sail B．take charge
C．set free D．take off
(　　)2.A.excited B．pleased
C．disappointed D．scared
(　　)3.A.self centered B．self confident
C．kind hearted D．cold blooded
(　　)4.A.show off B．show up
C．help out D．pick up
(　　)5.A.parents B．neighbors
C．students D．children
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.A.reflect B．beat
C．command D．attend
(　　)7.A.foolishly B．secretly
C．bravely D．honestly
(　　)8.A.late B．latter
C．former D．later
(　　)9.A.strength B．music
C．wealth D．faith
(　　)10.A.proud B．steady
C．independent D．famous
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 (　　)11.A.advise B．suggest
C．stop D．keep
(　　)12.A.success B．failure
C．target D．laziness
(　　)13.A.stopping B．starting
C．going D．coming
(　　)14.A.method B．experiment
C．schedule D．experience
(　　)15.A.with B．beyond
C．without D．during
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 (　　)16.A.politely B．rudely
C．shallowly D．roughly
(　　)17.A.homes B．minds
C．conservation D．efforts
(　　)18.A.trust B．believe
C．know D．doubt
(　　)19.A.finished B．completed
C．written D．sung
(　　)20.A.live B．die
C．sound D．play
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 【文章大意】 文章通过英国前首相邱吉尔、华盛顿、达尔文等名人小时候都曾被家人不遗余力试图阻止从事自己喜欢的事业，但他们依然坚持下来，最终达到了自己事业的顶峰的故事，告诉我们：我们不能一味听从他人，而忽视自己内心的想法。因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。
1．A　考查动词短语辨析。由常识结合语境可知，达尔文乘他的小猎犬号船进行了五年的探险，所以应该选set sail，意为“扬帆， 开航”。take charge负责，管理；set free释放；take off起飞，脱下。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 2．C　考查形容词词义辨析。由下文的“he thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness”父亲对他非常失望。所以选disappointed，意为：失望的。
3．A　考查形容词词义辨析。该词应该和上面的“complaining(抱怨的，诉苦的)”同属于贬义词，因此应该排除B和C。从后面thought little of Washington’s achievements，以及该段的最后一句话可以看出，华盛顿的妈妈一直在左右别人，也就是说她是一个以自我为中心的(self centered)人。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 4．B　考查动词词义辨析。show up现身，出现。句意为：她瞧不起华盛顿的成就，也没有出现在她儿子的两次总统就职大典上。show off 炫耀；help out 帮助摆脱困境；pick up捡起，偶然获得，(用车)接某人。
5．D　考查名词词义辨析。由语境可知，这里讲的是她和孩子们的关系，所以应该选children，下文的son也有提示。
6．C　考查动词词义辨析。这里指的是指挥军队，所以选command。句意为：她老是抱怨孩子们轻视她，当她的儿子去指挥美国独立战争的部队时，她格外生气。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 7．D　考查副词辨析。她是根据老人传统的观点产生的想法，所以应该选honestly，意为“诚实地，如实地”。句意为：她坦诚地认为，呆在家里照顾她才是他的职责所在。foolishly愚笨地，无聊地； secretly 秘密地；bravely勇敢地。
8．A　考查形容词辨析。 late去世不久的；已故的。句意为：已故的伦纳德·伯恩斯坦是美国历史上最具才华且最为成功的作曲家之一。
9．B　考查名词词义辨析。由前文的composers(作曲家)可以看出， 他所热爱的是音乐(music)。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 10．D　考查形容词词义辨析。由that(指的是他父亲反对他学音乐这件事)以及他父亲的答语(当时我怎么知道他就是伦纳德·伯恩斯坦？)来看，这是伦纳德·伯恩斯坦成名后的事情。故选famous，意思是“著名的”。
11．C　考查动词词义辨析。该部分是对前面所举例子的议论。前面所举的几个例子都是父/母试图阻止孩子们做自己喜欢的事情，因此该空选stop，意为“阻止”。句意为：人们可能会批评你，嘲笑你的想法或者不遗余力地试图阻止你。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 12．B　考查语境化选词。句意为：通常他们这样做只是试图让你免受失败之苦。
13．C　考查动词词义辨析。很显然，这里表达的意思是：不受外界阻力的干扰，继续自己做自己喜欢做的事情，也就是自己的梦想，所以选go，意为“进行”。句意为：如果你继续努力下去，所谓的失败，只不过(共369张PPT)
专题一 人物传记型阅读理解
专题二 故事型阅读理解
专题三 新闻报道型阅读理解
专题四 广告应用型阅读理解
专题五 文化教育型阅读理解
专题六 历史地理型阅读理解
专题七 社会生活型阅读理解
专题八 科普知识型阅读理解
模块3 阅读理解
模块 3　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块 3│ 考纲解读
高考阅读理解要求考生在30—35分钟内完成3—5篇不同题材、体裁的短文理解。阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点， 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。同时还要达到以下能力目标：
模块 3│ 考纲解读
(1)能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文；
(2)把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间；
(3)能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断；
(4)理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词
句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络。
(5)熟悉掌握实用性问题的文章，如：书刊、影视、
产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。
命题分析
模块 3│ 命题分析
近几年新课标高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：
1．体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛
体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文，分布趋势如下：说明文一般占40%左右；记叙文占35%左右；应用文占15%左右；议论文占10%左右。考查最多的是说明文，特别是国外新科技、新发明的说明文。从选材上看，涉及人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，特别关注当今大家都关注的热点话题，如教育、环境、道德情感、科学发现、生活经历等，比如：2010上海卷A篇是一篇人物故事，描述了一位为了
模块 3│ 命题分析
人与动物的和谐而努力的“大象公主”；江西卷D篇介绍的是现代科技对于人们生活的影响。山东卷A篇关注的是一个特殊的群体：糖尿病人；B篇则是介绍的商品的过渡包装给环境造成的危害；四川卷B篇向我们介绍了一款环保、经济的房子，这在节能减排、房价居高不下的今天很有现实意义，D篇是有关索马里海盗的文章；陕西卷D篇则选取了垃圾邮件的话题。这都显示了选材的广泛性、时代性和人文性。
模块 3│ 命题分析
2．语言地道，题型合理
材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型，其中细节理解题保持了50%的比重，仍为考查重点，但是选项并非与文章完全对应，而是换一种表述方法，或根据“弦外之音”猜测隐含细节的理解。推理判断题呈上升趋势，主旨大意题及词义猜测题的比重基本保持稳定。
应试点睛
模块 3│ 应试点睛
一、掌握策略，战无不胜
阅读理解无论从难度还是分数所占比重都是首先应该受到学生重视的，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实同学们只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解：
模块 3│ 应试点睛
1．正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系
新课标高考阅读理解一般为4—5篇短文，设置20道单选题，考试时间30—35分钟。这就要求考生在处理阅读理解的时候既要“快”，又要“准”。也就是说，在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯地追求阅读速度。这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的，心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
2．正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系
高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在新课标的高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段。这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了考生的心理压力。为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确地把握句子的意义。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和上下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
3．正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系
一篇阅读理解一般在250—400词左右，通常设3—5题。一定会有大量的剩余信息。因此，我们在做题时，没有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。然后针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的段落、句子或词汇。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
4．所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观
做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。同时，符合原文的选项是正确答案但不一定就是最佳答案，阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
二、明确步骤，战无不胜
第一步，阅读题干，明确问题。在阅读文章之前，可以通过题干对文章进行初步了解。这样，在下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少了盲目性。
第二步，快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠。在第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有大致的了解。这是选出正确答案的前提。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
第三步，阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相关的材料并预选答案。可在文中相应处做出标记，以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
第四步，带着问题略读原文，确定答案。答完所有题目后，再快速阅读一遍文章，检查各题所选答案是否正确。查看各题答案是否前后照应，与原文有无矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要线索。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
三、熟悉规律，减少失误
有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，很多同学感触颇深，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：
1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
模块 3│ 应试点睛
2．无中生有。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。这类选项的干扰较大。在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。
3．答非所问。选项与题目关系不大，选项没有针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。同学们在做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注意选项是否针对题目。
题型探究
模块 3│ 题型探究
【命题形式】
1．Which of the following statements is True (NOT True)
2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage
3．What is the reason that…？
4．What do we know about…？
5．How did the people know the couple’s problem
6．Why was the bike so important to the couple
　探究点一　细节理解型
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．掌握技巧，灵活运用
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
2．了解特点，对症下药
(1)直接信息题
直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·宁夏海南] …
The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair users.
The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace).
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter________ .
A．the House　　　　　 B．the garden
C．the Visitors’ Centre D．the exhibition hall
【解析】 A　题干关键词为：wheelchair。根据选文中的“The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的) to wheelchair users. ”可知：对于轮椅使用者来说，可能进入房子有些困难，但是游客中心，展览厅还有花园都可以进入。由此可以直接得出答案。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(2)间接信息题
这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息做简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
【典例2】 To us，the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best—not the one that is the most competitive(有竞争力的)or has the best equipped rooms.
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)2.The author thinks you should choose the college that is ________.
A．well equipped　　　　B．competitive
C．suitable D．famous
【解析】 C　从文中可以看出，作者认为选择学校的时候最重要的是学校要适合(fit)你，即选项C，而不是“装备最好的”或“最有竞争力的”。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(3)综合信息题
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例3】 [2010·湖北]
…
Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.
A．give orders to the other
B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other
D．get the other to behave properly
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 C　 题干的关键词是want to be right because，回原文定位到该段的“Third, needing to be right”. 然后接着往下看“It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be
模块 3│ 题型探究
considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. ” 这句话虽然看起来很复杂，如果遇到插入语可以跳过不看，这里破折号中间的内容均为插入语，将其省略，句子就会变得简单得多。又由于题干是对原因的提问，这里我们只需重点看for后面的内容，“for both wish to be considered an authority and therefore to command respect”，故答案为C。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(4)是非辨别型
这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。
【典例4】 [2010·山东] Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death.And if that weren’t bad enough，he had no health insurance.
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After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back.He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created ，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.
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Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers.“They know what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel alone.”
Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases.And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
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These days，Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
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Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his full time job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”
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(　　)1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
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【解析】 C　通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度，所以C项正确。A项与Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life不符；B项文中未提到；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，而他在抗击糖尿病方面的志愿工作是运作Fight It 这个慈善机构。
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(5)事实排序题
这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生、发展的正确顺序。
【典例5】
…
A Russian lawyer yesterday said the country’s border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russia’s coast on Sunday.
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Alexander Selentsov, a law officer in Vladivostok city, told the Interfax News Agency the Russian border guards received orders from the Federal Security Service last weekend “to open fire ”on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it from escaping Russia’s Nakhodka port.
“The order was carried out after radio warnings，”he said.
Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had fired on the ship after local media reported the incident and said severe weather caused the sinking.
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Vladivostok Daily Newsm the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon, said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.
The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to the crewmen’s cries for help, the report said.
Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats, Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat. While the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian, was swallowed by waves.
…
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(　　)1.Which is the right order of the ship sinking
a. New Star overturned and started sinking.
b. One lifeboat was swallowed by waves.
c. Russian warship fired upon New Star.
d. Sailors boarded two life boats.
A．a c b d B．b a c d
C．c a d b D．d c a b
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【解析】 C　事实排序题。由文章的介绍可以看出，这些事件中：俄罗斯军舰开火发生在最前面，然后是“新星号”下沉，接下来是船员登上救生艇，最后是一艘救生艇被海水吞没。
【规律技巧提炼】 在具体的解答中可采用 “首尾定位法”，即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。
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(6)数据计算题
要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。
【典例6】 [2010·宁夏海南] Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World
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(　　)1.How much is the admission for a family of two grown ups and two children
A．$9.80 B．$12.00
C．$14.20 D．$16.40
【解析】 B　 题干关键词为admission。由此可知，应该去第二个表格中寻找相关的信息。根据第二个表格中Family ￡12.0 (2 adults ＋ up to 3 children)，即是一家人(2个成年人＋至多3个小孩)需要￡12.0可知答案。
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主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度比较大。细分起来，主要考查学生对文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图等的理解能力。
【命题形式】
1．考查文章的中心思想
The main idea/key point of this passage is that________.
The passage is mainly about ________.
　探究点二　主旨大意型
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From the passage we can learn/conclude that________.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
2．考查文章标题的选择
The best title/headline for this passage is________.
Which of the following is the best title
What would be the best title for the text
The title that best expresses the idea of this passage is________.
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【解题策略】
1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨
找准主题句是关键。寻找主题句多采用浏览法(skimming)。主题句有可能在文章开头，或在一段的开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大
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大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。
2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
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3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心
分析的方法是：先弄清该文章主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
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【典例1】 [2010·四川]
…
(第四段)Candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.
…
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(　　)1.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A．The technical skills of a would be ROM.
B．The practical experience of a would be ROM.
C．The personal information of a would be ROM.
D．The necessary requirements for a would be ROM.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。依据第四段提供的信息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的知识及极好的交际技能等可知本段主要谈及对应聘职位者的具体能力要求。
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【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] Too much TV watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.
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A second study ，looking at nearly 1,000 grown ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26 year olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV.
…
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(　　)1.What would be the best title for this text
A．Computers or Television
B．Effects of Television on Children
C．Studies on TV and College Education
D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits
【解析】 B　主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇首。通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以B项作为标题是最佳的。
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【规律技巧提炼】 新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此其第一段一般是全文的主题段。另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章说明的中心或阐述的观点，然后再展开说明或论述。
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【典例3】 [2010·重庆]
One morning more than thirty years ago，I entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly，unshaven man，who looked somewhat disheveled.He was wearing a worn out hat and was alone.I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
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We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things.We never introduced ourselves.I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee，I asked，
“May I get you something？”
“A coffee would be nice.”
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Then I bought him a cup of coffee.We talked more，and he accepted another cup of coffee.Finally，I rose to leave，wished him well，and headed for the exit.At the door I met one of my friends.He asked，
“How did you get to know Mr.Galbreath？”
“Who？”
“The man you were sitting with.He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
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I could hardly believe it.I was buying，offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!
My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter who I think they are，and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.
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(　　)1.What is the message mainly expressed in the story
A．We should learn to be generous.
B．It is honorable to help those in need.
C．People in high positions are not like what we expect.
D．We should avoid judging people by their appearances.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇末。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。
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【规律技巧提炼】
有些说明文或议论文先说明或议论一般的问题或现象，然后具体阐述正确的方式或作者自己的观点，等到把一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，最后用一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句出现在文章的最后。
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【典例4】 [2010·江西]
Andy rode slowly on his way to school，day dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him.He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
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He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present.He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens.What he saw shocked and terrified him.A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
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With no time to waste，Andy sped off in the opposite direction，riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm.With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously，he sped down the rough road.As the bees came closer，his panic increased.Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇)．The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days.Suddenly，his father’s words came to him.“When you are in a tight situation，don’t panic.Use your brain and think your way out of it.”
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On a nearby hill，he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home.“Bees don’t like smoke，”he thought.“They couldn’t get into the house.”Andy raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were gaining ground.Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.
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Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he spotted a small dam used by Mr.Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects.After holding his breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone.Dragging himself out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell.Mr.Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
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“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief.“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”But Andy did not hear her.He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
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(　　)1.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 最后顺利避开蜜蜂，逃过一劫的故事。根据最后一段第二句Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic(谢天谢地你没有慌神)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以判断出答案为D选项。
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【规律技巧提炼】
阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，作者有时仅仅叙述事件所发生的时间或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。这时可以回顾全文来概括文章的主旨，具体方法是：
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1．判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方还是一件事情或者是某一事情的过程、方法。总之，人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。
2．读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系。一般来说文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章大意主旨方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。
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历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
　探究点三　词义猜测型
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【命题形式】
1．The underlined words “took off ” in paragraph 2 mean “________”．
2．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that________.
4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph
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5．The underlined phrase “ turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means ________.
6．By saying “ We need them yesterday ”(paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots ________.
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【解题策略】
1．根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义。
句子中有些词其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。定义、解释多样，常用“to be defined as, to be called, that is to be, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语预示着下文对前文的信息加以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
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2．依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。
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3．依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广、考查最多，也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化 ( 词义引申 )来猜测词义。
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(　　)【典例】 [2010·陕西] When I first got an e mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
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(　　)1.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Messages. B．Ideas.
C．Connections. D．Programs.
【解析】 A　词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜测词义。根据本文中的e mail一词以及endless series of advertisements可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A。
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推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：
　探究点四　推理判断型
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(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
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【命题形式】
1．It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
2．It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
3．It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
4．It implies that…
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5．Where would you most probably find this passage
6．What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
7．What is the author’s main purpose in this passage
8．The writer’s purpose in writing this story is________.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．解答推理判断题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想。针对细节的推断，可首先通过辨认细节、事实的追忆技巧，了解并理解有关的事实或证据，然后运用查读法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，并对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时，先根据主题思想，再分
模块 3│ 题型探究
析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。甚至要借助常识作出合理的推断和判断。
模块 3│ 题型探究
2．推测上下文的的内容
(1)推测下文的内容：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话，根据作者的思路进行推理。
(2)推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。
模块 3│ 题型探究
3．根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
模块 3│ 题型探究
4．推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，注意能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。
5．推测写作目的
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 但写作目的通常有以下三种：
模块 3│ 题型探究
(1) to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)
常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience。
(2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)
常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors/readers/audience。
(3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
模块 3│ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·浙江]
My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”
模块 3│ 题型探究
Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
模块 3│ 题型探究
There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees started dying，too.Next，the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
模块 3│ 题型探究
As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month.The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
模块 3│ 题型探究
The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn out areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
模块 3│ 题型探究
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers
A．Scared. B．Confused.
C．Upset. D．Curious.
【解析】 C　推理判断题。根据第一段叙述了解到作者从四岁开始住在Southway Park对面。从第二段了解到作者小时候和朋友在公园里玩耍。而现在公园被围了起来，事实上，作者是很失望、沮丧，因为自己不能去玩了。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother
A．It was being rebuilt.
B．It was dangerous.
C．It became crowded.
D．It had turned into a desert.
【解析】 B　推理判断题。仔细阅读第四段，可以了解到，公园被废弃了，里面住着流浪汉，甚至有人贩毒，所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里，因为危险。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)3.According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park
A．The drought.
B．The crime.
C．The beggars and the rubbish.
D．The decisions of the city.
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 D　推理判断题。从第五段，可以明显地了解到：干旱结束了，但是政府仍然对公园不管不问，而是要重新规划这块废弃地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故选择D。
模块 3│ 题型探究
(　　)4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came，________.
A．the situation would be much worse
B．people would have to desert their homes
C．the city would be fully prepared in advance
D．the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood
模块 3│ 题型探究
【解析】 A　推理判断题。最后一段作者描述了那条街道的变化，变得更加拥挤了。从而作者有了另一种思考：如果再来一次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些变化。从而可推测作者是隐射环境会变得更加糟糕。
专题 一 人物传记型
阅读理解
专题一 │ 人物传记型阅读理解
专题导读
专题 一│ 专题导读
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。
专题 一│ 专题导读
人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的形式也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。
另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙，插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·福建] F. Scott Fitzgerald，born on September 24,1896，an American novelist，was once a student of St.Paul Academy，the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama，where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 His life with her was full of great happiness，as he wrote in his diary：“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could not share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　This Side of Paradise，his first novel，was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success，Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned(1922)，a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age(1922)，and a play The Vegetable(1923)．But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby，published in 1925，which quickly brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.Then，in 1926，he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 However，Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life，but failed.By 1930，his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic.During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States，he got totally addicted to alcohol.Sheila Graham，his dear friend，helped him fight his alcoholism.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)1.How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage
A．5.　　　B．6.　　　C．7.　　　D．8.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)2.Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage
a．He became addicted to drinking.
b．He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c．He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d．The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e．He failed to reorder his life.
f．He joined the army and met Zelda.
A．f c e a b d B．b e a f c d
C．f d e c b a D．b f c d e a
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)3.We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald 　　　　.
A．had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama
B．was well educated and well off before he served in the army
C．would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken down
D．helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)4.The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ________.
A．Zelda’s personal life
B．Zelda’s illness and treatment
C．Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham
D．Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 【文章大意】 本文讲述了美国著名文学家Fitzgerald的生平、生活及其重要作品。
1．A　细节理解题。根据题意，由文章中关键词novel可知，文章中提到的Fitzgerald的小说有：This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night , The Love of the Last Tycoon共计5篇。
2．D　事件排序题。根据第一段中“…was once a student of St. Paul Academy…In 1917 he joined the army…”可知Fitzgerald最先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参军……
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 3．C　推理判断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.”可知。
4．D　推理判断题。根据人物传记的特点和文章对Fitzgerald生活、作品的描述可知，随后一段应该是关于Fitzgerald对文学界的贡献的。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 When plastic surgeon Geoff Williams saves a face, he also saves a life. Training with Taiwanese mentors on a medical mission in Vietnam, he was astounded by the crowd that greeted them in one village: 200 mothers
专题 一 │ 专题预测
waiting with their children, all with cleft(裂缝) lips or palates. The women mobbed him, pleading for help, as he entered the local hospital. “It was as if they were in a sinking ship，” Williams recalls, “and we were a lifeboat passing by！”
The surgeons could operate on only 25 to 30 children during their three day stay. The rest had to be turned away，“ It was devastating，” Williams says quietly. When his plane left Vietnam, he vowed to go back.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 Williams never planned to become a worldwide volunteer surgeon.“ I thought I’d help these children for a couple of years and get it out of my system.” But that was five years ago. Williams, 53, now works fulltime correcting facial deformities in 12 countries, including Mexico, Tanzania, Pakistan, India, the Philippines. He has performed almost 1,000 operations since he started his International Children’s Surgical Foundation and he has no plans to stop.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 Williams could be earning more than $1 million a year doing tummy tucks, face lifts, and breast enlargements in the United States. A friend told him he was throwing away his career, that he can’t change the world. But he’s never been motivated by money. When he earned $200,000 a year as a professor at a teaching hospital in Galveston, Texas, Williams lived in an apartment that cost $250 a month. He squirreled away most of his paycheck and now lives off his savings. Because he travels most of the time and is single he stays with his parents in Boise, Idaho, between missions (and insists on paying them $10 a day).
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 Williams is multiplying his impact by teaching other doctors the nuances of his skill. “The Vietnamese mothers drilled something into me: that their children really suffer. Their suffering can be all waited but not just by me. I help to empower doctors and they empower other doctors, so this work has mushroomed into something larger than what any one person can do alone.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．International Children’s Surgical Foundation is to collect money for children’s diseases.
B．His parents provided accommodation for Williams for free.
C．Williams dreamed of becoming a worldwide volunteer surgeon when he was young.
D．All his friends encouraged him to do the job.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)2.What does the writer want to tell us in the first paragraph
A．Geoff Williams was once trained in Taiwan.
B．Geoff Williams is a surgeon.
C．Geoff Williams is doing an important job
there.
D．The people there are living a hard and
poor life.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)3.It can be inferred from the text that Geoff Williams________.
A．planned to be a famous surgeon long time ago
B．mainly serve the poor areas in developed
countries
C．has become a globe trotting volunteer surgeon
D．almost performed about 1,000 operations a year
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　【文章大意】 他是一名外科整形医生，不远千万里在十几个国家义务进行过上千例手术。面对那些由于外表缺陷而对生活失去希望的人，他这样描述道：他们就像置身于一艘正在沉没的船上，而我却是他们的救生艇。他就是美国医生Geoff Williams。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 1．A　推理判断题。文章第三段告诉我们，Williams的1000个唇裂儿童的修复手术，多是在International Children’s Surgical Foundation成立后做的，由此可以看出A项正确。第四段朋友的话告诉我们，这位朋友不支持他的这一工作，由此可知D项错误；由倒数第二段的第四句话可知B项错误；由第三段的第一句话可知C项错误。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 2．C　主旨大意题。第一句就提到saves a face，he also saves a life，表明Williams工作的重要性。
3．C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，他已经成为在世界各地奔波的治疗唇裂的外科医生。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 （二）
Forget Britney Spears. Who is the new pop princess who makes thousands of American teenage girls scream with excitement at her concerts and rush to the store to buy her latest CD
The answer is Miley Cyrus. After starring in popular TV shows and hit movies, the 16 year old released her fifth album, The Time of Our Lives, on August 28.Its lead single, Party in the U．S.A., is wildly popular.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 Cyrus has built her success largely on a role she has played. On TV and the silver screen, Miley Cyrus is Miley Stewart. She is popular at school during the day and at night; she is a famous pop singer named Hannah Montana.
Her soaring popularity goes to her head. So her father takes her home from Los Angeles to Tennessee, a southern US state, for a dose of reality (体验生活). The journey kicks off an adventure filled with fun, laughter and romance.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 While there, she has to cope with her city girl’s unfamiliarity with country life and gradually learn what family is all about.
“Hannah Montana, at heart, is every Disney princess showing you’ve ever seen”， and writes Michael O’Sullivan, a reporter with the Washington Post, “Only with a limo (豪华轿车) instead of a pumpkin turned coach (南瓜马车), a microphone stand instead of a magic wand (魔法棒) and a prince who wears a cowboy hat.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 But the journey of looking for one’s inner self goes beyond the big screen. Actress Miley Cyrus has a celebrity father, Billy Ray Cyrus, a famous country singer. The teenager doesn’t want people to think she has taken a short cut to success. “It’s about how I find out who I am.
I get to know that you need to be able to take time to realize who you are，” she said. “I don’t want to be some celebrity’s daughter, just be me.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)1.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．Miley Cyrus released five albums when she was sixteen years old.
B．The Time of Our Lives is her fifth album.
C．Party in the U．S.A., is very popular.
D．Thousands of American teenager boys rush to the store to buy Miley’s latest CD.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.Why did his father take Miley Cyrus to the country
A．Because she got dizzy with success.
B．Because she wanted to play in the movies.
C．Because she wanted to make adventure.
D．Because her father liked country life.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.What does Miley Cyrus do when she arrives at the country at first
A．She must deal with her city girl’s unfamiliarity with country life.
B．She has to get to know her new friends.
C．She has to take the adventure.
D．She has to obey her father’s request.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)4.What do we learn from the last paragraph
A．Miley wants to take a short cut success.
B．Miley’s father is a famous country singer.
C．Miley wants to succeed by herself.
D．Teenagers like her father.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 【文章大意】 本片文章主要写歌手Miley Cyrus的成功经历。
1．D　细节理解题。从文章第二段的…the 16 year old released her fifth album, The Time of Our Lives, on August 28.Its lead single, Party in the U．S.A., is wildly popular.可知A、B、C三个选项正确。从第一段的thousands of American teenage girls scream with excitement at her concerts and rush to the store to buy her latest CD可知，选项D不正确。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 2．A　细节理解题。从文章第四段的Her soaring popularity goes to her head.可知答案。
3．A　细节理解题。从文章第五段的While there, she has to cope with her city girl’s unfamiliarity with country life可知答案。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 4．C　推理题。从文章最后的“It’s about how I find out who I am. I get to know that you need to be able to take time to realize who you are，” she said. “I don’t want to be some celebrity’s daughter, just be me.”可知答案。
专题 二 故事型阅
读理解
专题二 │ 故事型阅读理解
专题导读
专题 二│ 专题导读
故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。阅读时应特别注意：
专题 二│ 专题导读
(1)一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2) “哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)“逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·北京] Goldie’s Secret
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.No way could I have sent her away.No way，not me anyway.Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before.“We’re moving house.” “No space for her any more with the baby coming.”“We never really wanted her，but what could we have done？She was a present.”People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal.And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 I called her Goldie.If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name.She was so unsettled during those first few days.She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.There was nothing I could do to make her happy，it seemed.Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner’s. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down.Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
That’s why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk.We were a long way from home，when she started barking and getting very restless.Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie.But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them.“We didn’t know what had happened to her，”said the woman at the door.“I took her for a walk one day，soon after the puppies were born，and she just disappeared.”“She must have tried to come back to them and got lost，”added a boy from behind her.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　I must admit I do miss Goldie，but I’ve got Nugget now，and she looks just like her mother.And I’ve learnt a good lesson：not to judge people.
(　　)1.How did the author feel about Goldie when
Goldie came to the house
A．Shocked.　　　　　　B．Sympathetic.
C．Annoyed. D．Upset.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)2.In her first few days at the author’s
house，Goldie ________.
A．felt worried B．was angry
C．ate a little D．sat by the fire
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　(　　)3.Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day
because she ________.
A．saw her puppies
B．heard familiar barkings
C．wanted to leave the author
D．found her way to her old home
(　　)4.The passage is organized in order of
________.
A．time B．effectiveness
C．importance D．complexity
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　【文章大意】 文章讲述了一只狗(Goldie)的故事：它从原先的家中走失，被作者收养。后来有一次和作者出去散步时找到了自己原来的家和小狗。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段的描写，尤其是No way could I have sent her away.可以知道作者对Goldie非常同情。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段：She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.可知答案为A。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段，尤其是最后一句Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.推断答案为D。
4．A　文章结构题。纵观全文，作者从Goldie的到来和离开，按时间顺序描写。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
Angus MacLeod was fifteen and he had spent his entire life as a shepherd in the remote mountainous region of northwest Scotland. He had never owned a radio or television nor had he travelled further than forty kilometres from his birthplace. His knowledge of the world was gained only from his brief trips to the village to sell his sheep and buy food. However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill walkers in the region as sources of international news.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 In the spring of 1992, a Spanish student came across Angus high in the mountains. Eager to practise his English he engaged Angus in conversation. The student told Angus of the forthcoming Olympic Games in Barcelona. Excited by the student’s colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 The ticketless Angus stood outside the stadium with his canny brain working overtime, watching a growing number of individuals entering the stadium through a small entrance at the side. He noticed that they all seemed to be carrying objects. Perhaps they were workmen, he thought. He moved closer and watched.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 Within minutes a thin young man came along carrying an extremely long pole. He approached the official at the door and said “Pole Vault”. The official moved to the side and the man entered. Next came a heavy set man with a spear. Angus wondered how a man could carry such a dangerous weapon in a modern city. The man shouted “Javelin” and was presently admitted. Angus was puzzled. Perhaps they were all connected with security. His puzzlement grew when a huge man appeared with a steel ball in his hand. He shouted “Shot Putt” and walked past the official.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　It suddenly dawned on Angus that these people were competitors. He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading “events” he saw the three words the men had said. Angus laughed to himself as a plan began to take shape in his mind. First he needed to buy one or two things.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 An hour later he reappeared dressed in a tracksuit with “Scotland” written across the chest. Over his shoulder he carried a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网). Smiling to himself he walked up to the official and as casually as he could, shouted, “Fencing！”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)1.Which was Angus’ new way of getting
information about the outside world
A．Travelling from his birthplace.
B．Listening to radio and watching TV.
C．Going to the nearby village to sell sheep.
D．Talking to hill walkers in the region.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.What are “Javelin” , “Pole Vault”，
“Shot Putt” and “Fencing” in the passage
A．Olympic events.
B．Names of competitors.
C．Security weapons.
D．Names of countries.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)3.From the passage we can learn that ______.
A．more and more people went to Scotland to
practise their English
B．the Spanish student’s description of his
country excited Angus
C．Angus had been planning a trip to
Barcelona to see the Olympic Games
D．Angus became a member of the Scottish
Olympic team
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.From the passage we know that Angus
seemed to be________.
A．poorly informed B．intelligent
C．strong minded D．athletic
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)5.What do you expect the official would do in
the end
A．Help him carry the wire.
B．Refuse to let him in.
C．Give him a close inspection.
D．Lead him to the competition.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 【文章大意】 文章向我们描述了一个生活在大山里，而又很渴望了解外面的世界的孩子了解世界的方式，以及他的反应。
1．D　细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句话“However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill walkers in the region as sources of international news.”可知这是他的一个新的获取信息的方式。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 2．A　细节理解题。倒数第二段告诉了我们“He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading ‘events’ he saw the three words(就是上文提到的Javelin” , “Pole Vault”， “Shot Putt”) the men had said.可知答案，关键词为“events”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 3．B　细节理解题。由第二段的“Excited by the student’s colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona. ”可以看出，这位西班牙学生的描述使Angus很兴奋。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 4．A　推理判断题。第一段告诉我们，15岁的Angus MacLeod 生活在大山里，消息比较闭塞，没有收音机也没出过远门，只能从附近的村庄以及来爬山的人那里了解一些情况。下文也告诉我们，他对听到的消息兴奋的表现(看到运动员带着装备进去他也拿了铁丝网要进场)也证明了这一点。由此可见用poorly informed(意为“孤陋寡闻的”)描述他最为恰当。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 5．B　推理判断题。文章告诉我们，那些拿着装备的人都是参赛者(competitors)，而他不是参赛者，肩上扛着“a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网)”，并且“as casually as he could, shouted，”肯定会被拒之门外的，这也是文章的幽默之处。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　(二)
It was close to dusk.We came to a large，bowl shaped nest in which we saw the gray head of a very small sea turtle popping out about half an inch out of the sand.Then we heard a rustling in the bushes behind us.A flesh eating bird came near.
Our young guide wanted us to be quiet and watch the bird moving towards the young turtle’s head.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 The bird got closer and closer to the opening and began pecking at the young turtle’s head, trying to pull it out of the sands.
The young life was in danger.We were worried about it.One of us asked the guide，“Aren’t you going to do something？”
He put his finger to his lips and said，“This is the way nature works.”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 But we didn’t agree with him and spoke with one voice asking him to do something.So he had to go and pull the young turtle out of his hole and put it on its way towards the sea.
What happened next，however，caught everyone by surprise. Soon after the young turtle was set free，lots of baby turtles, having received a wrong signal that it was safe，went out of the nest and began moving towards the sea.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 Our foolishness became clear.Not only had the baby turtles come out under the mistaken impression that it was safe to do so，but their mad dash was taking place too early.The still clear light of dusk allowed no hiding from meat eating birds.Within a short period of time，dozens of baby turtles had been eaten by those birds.Our young guide quickly took a baseball cap and filled it with baby turtles.Walking into the water，he set them free.Then he wildly waved his hat to frighten off those birds.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 When it was over，the joyful cries of dozens of well fed birds rifled the air.Two of the birds stood silently on the beach hoping to catch a final，struggling baby turtle.All that could be heard was the sound of the waves beating against the sands.
Heads down，we walked slowly along the beach in the dusk.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 (　　)1.At first, the guide would not help the young turtle out of the nest because________.
A．he wouldn’t mind others’ business
B．he thought the young turtle liked to dash into the sea
C．he wanted the young turtles to take their own course
D．he thought the young turtle should have come out earlier
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)2.In fact，the first baby turtle worked as________.
A．a clever spy to attract the birds outside
B．one to get information outside the nest
C．a leader to come out first
D．a brave guard to fight against the birds
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.From the last sentence of the passage, we know that________.
A．they were sad because the young turtles were foolish
B．they felt very tired with the still clear light shining
C．they came to know that their rush to help did more harm than good
D．they regretted not killing the meat eating birds
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.According to the passage，which of the following statements may be true
A．The young turtles were doomed (注定) to be eaten by those birds.
B．All the young turtles are eaten by dozens of birds.
C．The young turtles shouldn’t come out of their nest before it was dark.
D．The young turtles gathered to frighten off the birds.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　【文章大意】 一只小海龟想出来探看外面是否安全，却在海滩上遇到了天敌，好心的“我们”为了使这只海龟免受伤害，将它放到海里，可这却给其他小海龟传递了外界安全的错误消息，结果给它们带来了“灭顶之灾”。
1．C　推理判断题。由文章第五段的内容可知，向导想让小海龟遵循它们自己的生存方式。因此C项正确。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 2．B　推理判断题。根据第七段中的having received a wrong signal that it was safe可知，第一只出来的小海龟是出来打探消息的，即看看外面是否安全。而下文告诉我们，正是因为第一只小海龟被放进海里，导致其他海龟收到错误信息，认为外面是安全的，从而招致“灭顶之灾”。
3．C　推理判断题。本文最后一段讲到：我们低着头，在黄昏中沿着海滩慢慢地走着。结合上文内容可知，我们对自己所犯的错误后悔莫及。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 4．C　推理判断题。由第八段第二、第三句话可知，小海龟不应该那么早就出来。根据全文内容可知A项错误；根据第八段最后三句可知B项错误；根据第八段最后一句可知D项错误。
专题 三 新闻报道型
阅读理解
专题 三 │ 新闻报道型阅读理解
专题导读
专题 三│ 专题导读
时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道、内容新颖。阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。此类阅读材料的命题在新闻背景
专题 三│ 专题导读
和主体部分设题较多，有时可能会省去一两个部分，要求考生依据五个部分之间的必然联系去推知未知的要素。要想做好时事新闻类阅读理解题，考生必须要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，善于根据上下文猜测单词、短语的含义，善于归纳、概括、推理、判断及简单计算，才能做好这部分试题。
真题再现
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 [2010·陕西]
Brave Frenchman Found Half way Around the World
(NEW YORK)A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two year old girl in Manhattan said he didn’t think twice before diving into the freezing East River.
Tuesday’s Daily News said 29 year old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum.He handed the girl to her father，David Anderson，who had dived in after him.
“I didn’t think at all，”Duret told the Daily News.“It happened very fast.I reacted very fast.”
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 Duret，an engineer on vacation，was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头)when he saw something falling into the water.He thought it was a doll，but realized it was a child when he approached the river.In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water..
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 When he reached the girl，she appeared lifeless，he said.Fortunately，when she was out of the water，she opened her eyes.
Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera.An ambulance came later for her，said Duret，who was handed dry clothes from onlookers.Duret caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 The rescue happened on the day before he left for France.Duret said he didn’t realize his tale of heroism had greatly moved New York until he was leaving the city the next morning.
“I don’t really think I’m a hero，”said Duret.“Anyone would do the same thing.”
(　　)1.Why was Duret in New York
A．To meet his girlfriend.
B．To work as an engineer.
C．To spend his holiday.
D．To visit the Andersons.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　(　　)2.What did Duret do shortly after the
ambulance came
A．He was interviewed by a newspaper.
B．He asked his girlfriend for his dry
clothes.
C．He went to the hospital in the
ambulance.
D．He disappeared from the spot quickly.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 (　　)3.Who dived after Duret into the river to
save the little girl
A．David Anderson.　　　B．A passer by.
C．His girlfriend. D．A taxi driver.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 (　　)4.When was Duret most probably found to be
the very hero
A．The day when he was leaving for home.
B．A couple of days after the girl was
rescued.
C．The first day when he was in New York.
D．The same day when he was interviewed.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道，大意是一位法国游客从冰冷的河水里救了一位落水儿童，他的这一勇敢行动感动了整个纽约市。
1．C　根据第五段第一句Duret, an engineer on vacation可推出答案。
2．D　根据第二段及倒数第三段可推知答案为D。
3．A　根据第三段最后一句推知答案。
4．B　根据倒数第二段可知。
专题预测
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 (一)
Toyota recalls cars in safety alert.
Toyota is recalling more than two million cars in the US over fears of sticking accelerator pedals(踏板)just months after another major problem affected huge numbers.
The latest recall is due to potential problems with the pedal device that can cause the accelerator to become stuck.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 The earlier issue affected 4.2m vehicles which were a risk of the pedal becoming trapped under floor mats.
This time Toyota said in rare cases, the pedal mechanism wears down, causing the accelerator to become harder to press, slower to return or, in some cases, stuck.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 It’s said the problem appeared to be related to the potential build up of condensation(压缩)on sliding surfaces in the accelerator system that helps drivers push down or release the pedal. A spokesman said the company did not yet have a solution to the latest problem but is working on it.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 The recall affects the 2009 2010 RAV4, the 2009 2010 Corolla, the 2009 2010 Matrix, the 2005 2010 Avalon ，the 2007 2010 Camry, the 2010 Highlander, the 2007 2010 Tundra and the 2008 2010 Sequoia. Of these, the Avalon, Camry and Tundra models—encompassing (包含)about 1.7 million vehicles—were also included in the previous pedal recall. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said in a statement that the problem is “a serious safety issue and we are pleased Toyota is taking immediate action to address it.”
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 Toyota said drivers in the recalled vehicles whose pedals become stuck should firmly apply their brakes, drive the car to a safe location, shut off the engine and contact the nearest dealer.
Toyota’s last recall in November was blamed for several crashes, including an accident involving a Lexus that accelerated to more than 120mph before crashing in San Diego, killing four people.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 ((共69张PPT)
模块4　信息匹配
模块4 信息匹配
考纲解读
模块 4│ 考纲解读
　信息匹配是广东高考英语2007年开始出现的新题型， 其命题的主要目的是：考查考生通过快速阅读， 获取信息和处理信息的能力。这种题型， 既有助于对学生快速阅读能力的培养， 也有助于对学生进行信息的加工、分析、比较能力的培养， 对中学英语的教学在语言技能应用方面会有较好的导向作用。
模块4│ 考纲解读
　　高考信息匹配题可能涉及到的内容有：
　　1．与人们的日常生活相关的信息，如：求职、招聘、购物、餐饮、食品、电脑配置、手机选择、购车、购房等；
　　2．与人们的休闲娱乐相关的信息，如：旅游度假、电视频道的选择、电影信息、娱乐明星、运动健身等；
　　3．与人们获取知识相关的信息，如：网站搜索、选择适当的课程、大学专业的选择、各类书籍的选择等。
命题分析
模块4│ 命题分析
2010年广东高考英语信息匹配题的内容是把评论与相关插图及提示性文字匹配起来，并按照要求匹配信息。 文章体裁属于应用文， 重点考查学生语言实际应用能力，试题难度适中。
　　以下是广东省近3年高考自主命题信息匹配的特点及对照：
模块4│ 命题分析
应试点睛
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　关于阅读信息匹配题，能否在有限的时间内高效率地完成是获得高分的关键，其中在阅读时的一些习惯也要注意，有必要对文段中的一些重要单词、句子用笔划记下来，这样可以加深你的印象，也让你在寻找信息时目光有落点，切忌用笔尖逐字或尺子逐行地去阅读。
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　信息匹配题的解题技巧：
　　1．巧用先题后文法
先题后文法是考生做阅读理解常用的一种方法。对于信息匹配题来说， “先题后文”指的就是先读匹配对象， 然后带着匹配对象中的关键信息阅读前面的信息材料， 最后确定答案。这种方法的好处就在于， 它可以提高阅读的针对性， 从而提高解题速度和答题的准确性。
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　2．巧辨关键信息
　　采用先题后文法的目的是为了有针对性地寻找答题信息， 但有时答题信息不止一个， 可能有多个， 此时就需要考生能够辨认其中的关键信息， 并将其与题目所给对象进行匹配。
　　3．巧用文体知识
　　不同的文体往往有其特定的格式化内容， 如招聘广告中通常有年龄、学历、经验等方面的要求；产品宣传广告中通常有产品的特点、优势、价格等信息。考生在做题时， 要注意根据题目要求， 同时结合各阅读材料的具体内容， 通过比较和分析， 从而确定答案。
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　4．巧补省略文字
　　信息匹配题通常涉及的是应用文， 而应用文类文体的语言都比较简洁和精炼， 有时甚至还会出现一些省略句， 考生做题时若能具备这方面的一些知识和能力， 并能根据上下文对所省略的句子做出准确理解， 则可大大提高得分率。
模块4│ 应试点睛
　　5．排除生词干扰
　　信息匹配题中有时会出现一些生词， 尤其是在一些广告类应用文中， 通常会出现一些考生不认识的人名、地名、书名、电影名、产品名、网站名等， 考生在阅读时可以跳过这些生词， 先从整体上了解材料的主要内容， 对于其中的生词通常只要大致弄清它们表示哪一方面的意思就可以了。
典例导练
模块4│ 典例导练
　　[2010·广东] 阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
　　首先请阅读下列国外媒体上的插图及提示性文字：
模块4│ 典例导练
模块４│ 典例导练
模块4│ 典例导练
模块4│ 典例导练
　　以下是关于这些插图的简要评论。请把评论与相关插图及提示性文字匹配起来。
(　　)1.The debate has been raging for years over 　
　　　　the safety of，and necessity for，　　
　　　　childhood vaccinations，which has been so 　　
　　　　much so that it is termed“The Vaccine
　　　　War”．The debate has only a few moments
　　　　that might be inspiring to those who have
　　　　been following this now familiar issue.
模块4│ 典例导练
(　　)2.There are certainly benefits of using a 　　
　　　　star in a film.It makes the film easier to 　
　　　　market.Stars also help sell more tickets
　　　　and drive DVD sales，which are a big part
　　　　of studio revenue.However，a star does not
　　　　guarantee success.The simple fact is that
　　　　if you pay a star a great deal of money
　　　　for a film that people don’t want to
　　　　see，then it won’t work.
模块4│ 典例导练
(　　)3.They are barely in their twenties and are
　　　　already multimillionaires.At the age when
　　　　many people are looking for their first
　　　　job，the youngsters of The Sunday Times
　　　　Rich List are buying country estates or
　　　　jetting off to their overseas homes.Daniel
　　　　Radcliffe，for example，who plays Harry
　　　　Potter，has a fortune of ￡42 million，at 　
　　　　20.
模块4│ 典例导练
(　　)4.Millions of jobless Americans，who might
　　　　be suffering in anxiety and lacking a
　　　　sense of security，are showing up at
　　　　emergency rooms of state owned hospitals，
　　　　contributing to a longer waiting time and
　　　　a higher risk of cursory treatment by
　　　　overworked doctors and nurses.
模块4│ 典例导练
(　　)5.Alice Miller，a psychology expert，who
　　　　died at 87 at home in Provence，France，on
　　　　April 14，repositioned the family as a
　　　　central place of abnormal psychological
　　　　function with her theories that parental
　　　　power and punishment lay at the root of
　　　　nearly all human problems.
参考答案：
　　1－5　FCADE
模块4│ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
　　以下是某个英语杂志有关专家对一些读者反映问题的建议：
专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
　　以下是一些读者在生活中反映的问题。请匹配问题及对应的建议。
(　　)1.Allan—My friend Jim was out of work
　　　　and I helped him find a job in my
　　　　company. But recently I have found he
　　　　is very lazy and doesn’t do his work
　　　　well. Besides, he often tells me that
　　　　our employer is too bad.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)2.Mary—Cathy and I were good friends. But 　　
　　　　two years ago she moved and left me 　
　　　　because we had an argument. Now I hear she
　　　　has come back to this town and lives about 　　
　　　　a mile away. I hope to visit this old
　　　　friend, but I really don’t know what to
　　　　do.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)3.Mrs. Green—My eight year old son used to
　　　　be obedient. But recently he’s become
　　　　wild and crazy like a barbarian and
　　　　doesn’t want to stay at home. My husband
　　　　and I get worried. Now I find he likes to
　　　　play with another boy who is also a
　　　　barbarian.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)4.Mike—I live with my mother, who works
　　　　day and night so that she can support my
　　　　schooling. I’m grateful but sometimes I
　　　　get even more annoyed because she seems
　　　　to be always unsatisfied with me and
　　　　complains about my faults.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)5.Eileen—My friend Jim is a helpful 　　　
　　　　young man, and he has taken me downtown 　
　　　 in his car several times. But every time
he drove his car so crazily that I felt
horrible. “I’ve got used to driving
fast，” he says.
参考答案：
(一)
1－5　CFBAD
模块4│ 专题预测
(二)
　　阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
　　以下是个人求职广告信息：
　　A．My name is Cheney. I have a genuine interest in providing technical interpretation services(English and Chinese)on a part time basis. Currently I am
模块4│ 专题预测
working at one of Fortune 500 companies in Shanghai on a full time basis. However, I would be really interested if there are opportunities for me to work on the weekends or part time positions available.
模块4 专题预测
B．Hello everyone, currently I am looking for a part time job in Shanghai especially in Changning District, I am Indonesian, fluent in English and I can speak Chinese, learn Chinese for 2 years, and learn English for my whole life.
模块4│ 专题预测
C．Hello. I’m Marcos from Washington, D．C. and am currently in Shanghai for work. I am offering tutoring services in order to help you improve your oral English. I have over 2 years of experience teaching at the university level and am also TEFL certified. I have bachelor degrees in Economics, Finance, and
模块4│ 专题预测
German. I currently am working on my master’s degree in field of Management Information Systems. I enjoy teaching especially to those who want to learn. I’m patient, friendly, and a very humorous guy! I love sports, movies, politics, business and most topics of choice.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　D．Well, I am Canadian who is currently studying in Shanghai, and I would like to find part time jobs during my spare time. I am fluent in Mandarin and English, and had experience in teaching primary pupils before.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　E．Experienced teacher / lecturer teaching French(as native speaker)and business English in a prestigious university in Shanghai looking to tutor students or doing translation jobs. I am fluent in French, English and Mandarin, conversant in German and Cantonese. Available to teach on the evenings or weekends.
模块4│ 专题预测
F．Your Nice Personal Tour Guide & Shopping Assistant & Interpreter with 3 years’ experience. I can formulate a gorgeous tour plan for you according to your interests and arrange everything well. Besides, I can help you bargain and get the lowest prices.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　以下是一些读者的信息，请匹配与它们所对应的广告：
(　　)1.I will study Economics in the USA next year. I need a tutor who is patient and easy going to help me improve my oral English before I go.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)2.My son is now in Grade 6. He is weak in English, so I want a native speaker to help him. Experience needed.
(　　)3.We’re from UK and stay in Shanghai for four days. We need an excellent local guide to arrange our tour as we like.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)4.We have many students from foreign countries, especially France in our college. We need an experienced teacher, who can understand them well, to give them business English lectures in the evening.
(　　)5.We need a professional interpreter who knows about advanced technology in IT. Salary is high. Either part time or full time is OK.
模块4│ 专题预测
(三)
请阅读下列广告和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
首先，请阅读下列广告：这是《纽约时报》电子版上的一些广告链接，请根据读报人的不同需求判断他们将点击的广告。
参考答案：
(二)
1－5　CDFEA
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)1.Blackstone Smith has been laid off recently. He is eager to find a new job to shoulder his responsibility to his family.
(　　)2.Abu Dhabi tries to make a plan to celebrate the 25th wedding anniversary. He is considering to have a relaxing week with his wife to a quiet and picturesque mountain.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)3.Michelin Maynard badly needs an updated security system for his personal computer. His PC is so attractive to any attack that it has frequently collapsed.
(　　)4.William Glaberson is considering to subscribe to an electronic version of newspapers. And the most influential ones such as the Guardian, the Washington News or the New York Times might be good choices.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)5.Alissa J. Rubin is a professor in Columbia University, an expert on Asian political issues. He is tracking any report about political events in this area.
模块4│ 专题预测
参考答案：
(三)
1．E　因Blackstone Smith在寻找工作，肯定要点击提供工作信息的链接，Career Information一栏可以找到信息。
2．F　因F是一个图片广告，要读懂广告上的信息，Spruce Peak 肯定是一个山峰的名字，Package Invitation 是指有旅行社代办的假日旅游，本题考查了一个跨文化交际的问题。
模块4│ 专题预测
3．D　因Michelin Maynard需要一个电脑安全系统，D介绍的是一个新的杀毒软件。
4．A　 因选项A是一个邀请读者订阅《纽约时报》电子版内容的广告，要求订阅者提供E mail来注册。
5．C　因Alissa J. Rubin是一个研究亚洲问题的专家，对目前的朝韩会晤(South North Korea Summit)的报道肯定会给予关注。
模块4│ 专题预测
(四)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
请阅读下列的广告：
A．GUANGZHOU SPORTS GROUND
Open next week from 6：20 to 8：30 pm.
Admission: $2, under 45 or over 60－$7.
Welcome to join us to keep you fit.
Tel: 23455884
模块4│ 专题预测
B. CCTV 1
The programs are as follow: 18：30 Sports, 19：00 World News, 19：30 Introduction of Museum of Modern Art, 21：30 Movie—DANCE IN THE RAIN
C. DONGFENG PHOTO SHOP
Photos for all purposes are taken with half of the price for new husband and wife.
Mon.—Fri.：8：30 am—8：30 pm, Sat. & Sun.：9：00 am—10：00 pm
模块4│ 专题预测
D. STAMPS ON SHOW
Time: 8：30 am—5：00 pm. on October 23－24.
Add: No. 1 Yuejin Road, Guangzhou.
E．PART TIME JOB OFFERED
Do you want to have a chance to communicate with those who do shopping If so, you may contact with Sunny Bookshop, for two shop assistants are needed here.
Tel: 020－23100013.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　F．HELP FROM MUSIC TEACHER
Violin lessons to be given at 8：00 on Monday evening. Those attending prepare violins by themselves.
Admission: 100 yuan(half price for students)．
Tel: 020－28338381.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　 请阅读以下人员的相关信息，然后匹配他/她感兴趣的广告：
(　　)1.Meimei is interested in playing the violin, but she can’t play very well because she has no music teacher to teach her face to face. She really wants to get one.
(　　)2.Peter begins to have his summer holiday today. He is too tired to go out for any activity. Instead, he would like to stay home in the evening.
模块4│ 专题预测
(　　)3.Tom’s family is not rich. He wants to find a part time job at weekends to earn some money for his study.
(　　)4.Jany is too fat. This is not good to her health. She knows it well and wants to take more exercise after study.
(　　)5.Liu Hua is going to marry next month. Before that, she is going to take photos with her new husband.
模块4│ 专题预测
参考答案：
(四)
1－5　FBEAC
(五)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
以下是英语电影的名称及内容简介：
A．Birth of a Nation was the most popular film of the silent era. The message in the film was that African Americans could never be integrated into the white society as equal.
模块4│ 专题预测
Race violence directed against African Americans took place in many cities. In the South, African Americans were only allowed to go to separate schools, hotels, and restaurants.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　B．Gone With the Wind was the costliest and most popular film of Hollywood’s Golden Era. Producer David Selznick had promised that the film would be free of any anti Negro ideas. Although it did not use white actors in blackface, like Birth of a Nation, its picture of enslaved African Americans as loyal but scatter brained house ser vants and clumsy field hands was what the white thought the black ought to be then.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　C．Glory offers a powerful retelling of the story of the first black regiment(团)during the American Civil War. Half the regiment’s men were killed or wounded in the war, but it dramatically demonstrated the courage of African American troops in the battle. However, the film failed to describe the larger historical context of the Civil War.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　D．Amistad is about a historical event. In 1839, a group of Africans were captured and shipped to the Spanish colony of Cuba. During trans shipment to nearby sugar plantations, 53 slaves overpowered the crew. The captives then ordered the two men who had purchased them to navigate the ship towards Africa. At night, however, the men sailed the ship northward and westward. The case ultimately went to the Supreme Court. In 1841, the Court freed the captives.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　E．Beloved is based on Margaret Garners’ story of killing her own two year old daughter Mary. Margaret Garner said that she had intended to kill her other children rather than see them returned to slavery. She later explained that she wanted to “end their sufferings” rather than see them returned to bondage and “murdered by piecemeal”. No other work has so powerfully examined the interior life of a former slave.
模块4│ 专题预测
　　F．Schindler’s List concerns the lives of a thousand Jews during World War Ⅱ. The film shows, unforgettably, how one man does make a difference. Schindler proves that man’s morality and humanity are always alive. “Save one life, save the world entire.” The heavy tone and fearful atmosphere of the film are heightened by black and white cinematography.
模块4│ 专题预测
以下是与电影相关的评论文章标题，请匹配标题与它们所对应的电影：
(　　)1. Inner Hurt
(　　)2. International Slave Trade
(　　)3. Civil Rights
(　　)4. Blacks With Low Abilities
(　　)5. Brave Blacks
参考答案：
(五)
1－5　EDABC(共553张PPT)
专题一 人物传记类
专题二 故事类
专题三 新闻报道类
专题四 广告应用类
专题五 文化教育类
专题六 历史地理类
专题七 社会生活类
专题八 科普知识类
模块 3　阅读理解
模块 3　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块 3 │ 考纲解读
　　“侧重提高阅读能力”在高中英语教学大纲中有明确规定。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到
模块 3 │ 考纲解读
语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及到非语言因素，即：所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。
命题特点
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　　历年高考试题阅读理解命题特点和规律如下：
　　1．内容生活化
　　阅读理解所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是表现实际生活，强调语篇选材的真实性。
模块3 │ 命题特点
　　2．体裁多元化
　　阅读理解所选的语段包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文，保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　　3．信息密集化
　　近年来阅读理解继续保持了较大的阅读量，要求考生准确而迅速地从特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。阅读理解5个选篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，看起来似乎不难，但是隐藏在表层结构下面较复杂的信息，使试题具有较高的区分度。
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　　4．结构复杂化
　　阅读理解的5个选篇的语篇结构都具有较大的复杂性。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段，这种来源于真实生活的作品同考生平时在课本中接受的清楚明白的语段是很不一样的。
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　　5．用词高级化
　　高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是。凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉语注释；纯超纲词汇也屡有出现；一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
模块 3│ 命题特点
　　6．设题创新化
　　高考阅读理解题在保持传统命题的基础上，也在不断地借鉴和创新大学英语的命题方式。结构型命题即是近两年高考阅读试题中全新的命题形式。这种命题侧重于对文章篇章结构和修辞(写作)手法以及例证、引用的功能的考查，是一种凌驾于信息阅读之上的更高难度的测试手段，较好地体现了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路。
题型分类
模块 3│ 题型分类
　　阅读理解的能力要求主要包括如下几方面：
(1)读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节(包括根据上下文推断生词的词义)；
(2)既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；
(3)既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；
模块 3│ 题型分类
(4)既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；
(5)既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
根据这五项要求，可将阅读理解的选择题归纳为以下几种题型：
模块 3 │ 题型分类
一、细节理解型
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：(1)一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直
模块 3 │ 题型分类
接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。(2)语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。(3)语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行
模块 3 │ 题型分类
判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。(4)是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。(5)事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。
模块 3 │ 题型分类
A．细节理解题主要设问的方式有：
(1) Which of the following statements is True (Not True)
(2) Which of the questions has not been mentioned (discussed) in the passage
(3) What is the reason that…？
(4) What do we know about…？
(5) How did the people know the couple’s problem
(6) Why was the bike so important to the couple
模块 3 │ 题型分类
B．细节理解题主要的答题策略有：
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
模块 3│ 题型分类
(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
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(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
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此外，在答题过程中，要学会分析干扰选项的特点：①是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；②符合常识，但不符合原文内容；③. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；④选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；⑤在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
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　　例1　[2010·山东] A
Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death.And if that weren’t bad enough，he had no health insurance.
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　　After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back.He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created ，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.
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　　Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers.“They know what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel alone.”
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　　Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases.And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
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　　These days，Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
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Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his full time job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”
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(　　)1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to this
disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing
articles.
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　　【解析】 C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“After a month of…back.”以及下文的建立网站，搞慈善事业，每周工作50小时等内容可以看出：Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度。
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(　　)2. was created for________.
A．diabetics to communicate
B．volunteers to find jobs
C．children to amuse themselves
D．rock stars to share resources
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　　【解析】 A　细节理解题。根据a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources可知A项正确。
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(　　)3.According to the text, Kody________.
A．feel lonely because of his illness
B．benefits from
C．helps create the online kid’s
forums
D．writes children’s stories online
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【解析】 B　细节理解题。根据Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛) together most evenings. “Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site’s volunteers. “They know what he’s going through, so he doesn’t feel alone. ” 可知B项正确。
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(　　)4.What can we learn about Fight It
A．It helps the diabetics in
financial difficulties.
B．It organizes parties for
volunteer once a year.
C．It offers less expensive
medicine to diabetics.
D．It owns a well known medical
website.
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　　【解析】 A　细节理解题。根据Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date—who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it. org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash. 可知A项正确。
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　　二、主旨大意型
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。主旨要义型题范围一般包括：短文标题、主题大意或段落大意等。
此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。
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　　主题句的特点：(1)语言特点：归纳性、概括性、抽象性；(2)位置特点：主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but, however, nevertheless，hence等。
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　　标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精炼。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达，多为一个名词词组，短小明了，函盖性强。做这类题目时，要在阅读全文的基础上，把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。
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　　干扰项的命题特点：①以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ②断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。③主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章
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实际所讨论的内容。④张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ⑤无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
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　　A．主旨大意主要的设题方式有两类：文章的中心思想和文章标题的选择。
(1)Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article
(2)The best headline for this newspaper article is ________.
(3)What is the topic of the text
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　　(4)The text is mainly about ________.
(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
(6)What would be the best title for the text
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　　B．主旨大意主要的解题策略有：
(1) 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。找准主题句是关键。主题句通常在文章开头，而主题句有可能在一段的开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。
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一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。
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(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
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(3) 抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
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　　例1　[2010·湖南C篇—节选自文章第一段和最后一段]
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
________________________________________________________________________
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In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
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(　　)1.What can be the best title for the passage
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading
Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop
Social Skills
D．How to Increase Cross cultural
Understanding
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【解析】 B　最佳标题题。文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。
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例2　[2010·全国卷II B篇—节选自文章第一段和第二段]
When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something!
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Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic(评论家) Edie Jarolim，“I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere—in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her books, The Complete Idiot’s Travel Guide in Mexico’s Beach Resorts.
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(　　)1.What would be the best title for the text
A．Adventures in Travel Writing
B．Working as a Food Critic
C．Travel Guides on the Market
D．Vacationing for a Living
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【解析】 D　最佳标题题。本文描述了一个很普遍的谋生问题：谋生在Jarolim身上既是度假休闲，又是写作和评论的源泉。提示在文章第一段结尾句 “Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something！”和第二段中 “but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，”说明了没有想到“度假也可以谋生”的欣喜之情。
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　　例3　[2010·辽宁卷C篇—节选自文章第一段]
Too much TV watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
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(　　)1.What would be the best title for this text
A．Computers or Television
B．Effects of Television on Children
C．Studies on TV and College Education
D．Television and Children’s Learning
Habits
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　　【解析】 B　最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以B项作为标题是最佳的。
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　　例4　[2010·江西A篇—节选自文章最后两段]
Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he lived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After
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holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
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“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic！” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
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(　　)1.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a
way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind
works fast.
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　　【解析】 D　主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 躲入水中避险成功的故事。根据最后一段第二句Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic(谢天谢地你没有慌神)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以判断出选D项。
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　　例5　[2010·年浙江卷C篇—节选自文章最后一段]
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget
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people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.
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(　　)1.What is the main idea of the passage
A．Multitasking has become a way of
life.
B．Multitasking often leads to
efficiency decline.
C．Multitasking exercises need to be
improved.
D．Multitasking enables people to
remember things better.
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　　【解析】 B　主旨大意题。本文是一篇科普文章，讨论“多重任务处理(multitasking)”即“一心多用”导致工作效率低下的科学原理。根据文章第一段的最后两行，可知本文主要讲的是同时做多个项目会降低工作效率。
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　　三、词义猜测型
历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
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　　A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：
(1)The underlined words “took off ” in paragraph 2 mean “________”．
(2)What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
(3)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that________.
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　　(4)Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph
(5)The underlined phrase “ turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably mean________.
(6)By saying “ We need them yesterday ”(paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots________.
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　　B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：
(1)依据标点符号猜测词义。标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。
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　　(2)依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。
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　　(3)依据下定义，作解释猜测词义。在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed(被定义为) ，be called (被称为), mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。
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　　(4)依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化(词义引申 )来猜测词义。
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　　例1　Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.
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(　　)The underlined words “ henpecked_husband.” probably mean a man who________.
A．likes hunting　
B．is afraid of hens
C．loves his wife
D．is afraid of his wife
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　　【解析】 D　依据标点符号猜测词义。破折号“ —— ” 起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择 D 项。
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例2　They were no longer passively_waiting_for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.
(　　)The underlined words “passively_waiting_for ” probably mean________.
A．longing for a phone call
B．hoping to have a bell
C．expecting the end of the class
D．wanting to speak in class
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　 【解析】 C　依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。but 分句 actively took part in the lesson(学生们积极上课) 与前句 They were no longer passively waiting for the bell 形成鲜明的对比，不难猜出答案 C (学生们不再被动地等待下课)是正确选项。
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　　例3　 Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food suppliers were similarly vulnerable.
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(　　)The underlined word “vulnerable” means________.
A．impossible to make sure of
B．likely to be protected
C．easy to damage
D．difficult to find
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　　【解析】 C　运用逻辑上的类比关系猜测词义。在这段描写中，作者把 houses，boats 和 food suppliers 放在一起比，说明它们的共同特点 easy to damage，故选 C 项。
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　　例4　I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded_her_judgment.
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(　　)问题：The underlined words “ clouded_her_judgment” probably mean ________.
A．made her less trustful toward the
doctor
B．put her in control of her own
feelings
C．made her less able to think clearly
D．put her in a dangerous situation
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　　【解析】 B　运用名词动化猜测词义。此处 cloud 名词动化为“把……遮盖住，使……模糊不清”，对于思维而言，就是“不能清楚地思考”，因此选 B 项。
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例5　(2010·江西D篇—节选自文章第三段)
(Paragraph 3)However, what do we do with the time we have saved Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the_days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
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(　　)1.What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Imaginary life.
B．Simple life in the past.
C．Times of inventions.
D．Time for constant activity.
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　　【解析】 B　词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜测词义。原句意义：也许， 我们静静聆听广播里的故事节目， 任想象插上翅膀肆意翱翔的日子， 已经一去不复返了。根据前后句可得知， 文章重点是说高速生活和简单生活的对比。故B项是对原文的正确解读。而A选项的理解有偏差， 重点转移了。
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　　四、推理判断型
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、
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地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
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　　A推理判断主要的设题方式有：
(1)It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(2)It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(3)It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
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　　(4)It implies that…
(5)Where would you most probably find this passage
(6)What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
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　　B推理判断主要的解题策略有：
(1)根据不同文体，推断目的意图。高考阅读试题涉及到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；也有说明文、叙述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
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　　(2)根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而
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言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1)表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的；supporting支持的；praising赞扬的；optimistic乐观的；admiring羡慕的；enthusiastic热情的等。2)表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；
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subjective主观的；objective客观的等。3)表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。
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　　(3)根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。
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　　(4)根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文
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中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
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　　例 　[2010·浙江D篇]
My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”
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　　Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I
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rollerskated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
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　　There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees
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started dying，too.Next，the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
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　　As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month.The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
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　　The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was
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going to “redevelop” certain worn out areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
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　　The chain link fencing and the bulldozers did their work.Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings.Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction.The neighborhood has
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changed without the park.The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now.Things will never be the same again.Sometimes_I_wonder，though，what_changes_another_drought_would_make_in_the_way_things_are_today.
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(　　)1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers
A．Scared.　　　 B．Confused.
C．Upset. D．Curious.
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　　【解析】 C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句：Why don’t they just leave it alone？以及第二段的美好回顾，可以推断出，作者对现在的变化很难过。
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(　　)2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother
A．It was being rebuilt.
B．It was dangerous.
C．It became crowded.
D．It had turned into a desert.
【解析】 B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段The park had gotten scary可知答案。
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(　　)3.According to the writer，what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park
A．The drought.
B．The crime.
C．The beggars and the rubbish.
D．The decisions of the city.
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　　【解析】 D　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park…可知答案。
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(　　)4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came，________.
A．the situation would be much worse
B．people would have to desert their
homes
C．the city would be fully prepared
in advance
D．the city would have to redevelop
the neighborhood
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【解析】 A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的整体理解，可知旱情使事情变得很糟糕，由此可以推断出：再来一场旱灾的话，事情会更加的糟糕。故答案选A。
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　　五、篇章结构型
最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已经成为了一种新颖而独立的阅读题型。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的赏析能力。
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A篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
(1)How is the passage organized
(2)Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
(3)What will the author most probably talk about next
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(4)The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
(5)The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．
(6)The example of…is given to show/illustrate that________.
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　　B篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
(1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。
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　　(2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
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　　(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，来更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
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例1　[2010·北京D篇—节选自文章第五段]
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government
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should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
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(　　)1.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to________.
A．argue against free university
education
B．call on them to finance students’
studies
C．encourage graduates to go into
business
D．show their contribution to higher
education
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　　【解析】 A　结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问：此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，支持什么论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文也可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education。
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　　例2　[2010·重庆C篇]
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商)follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征)of clothes.What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothes button.Men’s clothes tend to button
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from the right，and women’s from the left.Considering most of the world’s population—men and women—are right handed，the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women.So why do women’s clothes button from the left
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　　History really seems to matter here.Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century，when rich women were dressed by servants.For the mostly right handed servants，having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier.On the
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other hand，having men’s shirts button from the right made sense，too.Most men dressed themselves，and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
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　　Today women are seldom dressed by servants，but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them.Is it interesting Actually，a standard，once set，resists change.At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left，
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it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right.After all，women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to
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switch.Besides，some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right，since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
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(　　)1.The passage is mainly developed by________.
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．examining differences
D．following the time order
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　　【解析】 A　篇章结构题。本题考查文章的论证方法。通观整篇文章可以看出，作者在开始提到一个现象——男女衣服的标准相反，然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因。由此判断选A项。
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　　例3　[2009·北京]
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.
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　　Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
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　　In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
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　　Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C．Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in
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classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
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　　Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
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　　So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re_almost_looking_at_the_problem_through_a_straw(吸管)，” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we’re all struggling with.”
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(　　)1.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
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　　【解析】 C　篇章结构题。本题考查段落的组织形式。本文第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点1、2、3共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为C。
应试点睛
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　　要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分，学生必须具备《高中英语新课程标准》规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量、熟悉语法结构，拓宽知识面，熟悉各种体裁和题材的文章，提高阅读速度，提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外，在复习中，应该注意以下几点：
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　　一、 速读全文，了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实
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质，掌握文章大意。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文，速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分，这样就可以把握文章大意了。许多文章在第一段提出问题，中间段落进行分析、例证，最后一段是归纳结论，每段第一句话往往是主题句。抓主题句，是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
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二、详读细节，理顺思路与脉络
文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。
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三、抓住主干，化解难句捕信息
要实现快速准确理解文章大意，就要学会抓句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论它有多么长，多么复杂它都是辅助成分。要说明的核心问题是，我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了
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这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。比如：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童)，I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了element is society就可以得知，社会是神童出现的一个因素。
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　　四、利用规律技巧，轻松应考走捷径
分析研究阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面，将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：
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　　常考点规律：(1)举例子、打比喻
为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实性”题型和“推断性”题型出现，但偏倾于“推断性”题型。
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　　(2)引用人物论断
作者为了正确表达出自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此做文章。多以“推理性”题为主，有时也出“细节事实性”题型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(3)转折处与强对比
一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。强对比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性？答曰：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他题型中。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
　　(4)复杂句
复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系、文章段落之间关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其他题型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
　　(5)因果句
命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以“推理性”题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其他题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(6)特殊标点符号
由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：(1)破折号(表解释)；(2)括号(表解释)；(3)冒号(表解释)；(4)引号(表引用)。题型一般有推理题，主旨大意题，细节事实题等。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(7)段首，段尾句
在短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首，段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(8)最高级与绝对性词汇
文中若出现must，all，only，anyone，always，never等绝对性词汇，或形容词副词的最高级形式，往往是考点，一般出“细节性问题”。因为这些地方概念绝对，答案唯一，无论是命题还是答题，都不会产生歧义。命题人员以此为考点，可保证命题绝对正确。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
以上分析，基本上概括了历届考试阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律，在读文章时，就要在这些考点常出现地方作些记号。阅读完毕，这些作记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目，一一找到相对应的考点，再细细分析做题。这样就避免做一题，看一下整个段落，甚至全文，从而节省了时间。
专题一 │ 人物传记类
专题一　人物传记类
　专题导读
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　人物传记阅读理解是高考英语常考材料之一。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。此类文体主要考查学生对细节
专题一 │ 专题导读
的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料易看懂，题目不好做的感觉。做题时要注意以下几点：(1)理清事件的线索；(2)分析人物的个性特点；(3)把握记叙的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙？
真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
His life with her was full of great happiness，as he wrote in his diary：“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could not share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　This Side of Paradise，his first novel，was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success，Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned(1922)，a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age(1922)，and
专题一 │ 真题再现
a play The Vegetable(1923)．But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby，published in 1925，which quickly brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.Then，in 1926，he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.
专题一 │ 真题再现
However，Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life，but failed.By 1930，his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic.During this period he completed novels Tender Is
专题一 │ 真题再现
the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States，he got totally addicted to alcohol.Sheila Graham，his dear friend，helped him fight his alcoholism.
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage
A. 5.　　　B. 6.　　　
C. 7.　　　D. 8.
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. Which of the following is the
correct order to describe
Fitzgerald’s life according to the
passage
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c. He published his first novel This
Side of Paradise.
专题一 │ 真题再现
d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e. He failed to reorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f c e a b d B. b e a f c d
C. f d e c b a D. b f c d e a
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. We can infer from the passage
that Fitzgerald ________.
　　　　 A. had made some money when he
met Zelda in Alabama
B. was well educated and well off
before he served in the army
专题一 │ 真题再现
C. would have completed more
works if his wife hadn’t
broken down
D. helped his friend get rid of
drinking while his wife was in
hospital
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. The passage is probably followed
by a concluding paragraph about
________.
A. Zelda’s personal life
B. Zelda’s illness and treatment
C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with
Graham
D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to
the literary world
专题一 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
【文章大意】 本文讲述了美国著名文学家弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的生平、生活极其重要作品。
1. A　细节理解题。根据题意，由文章中关键词novel可知，文章中提到的Fitzgerald的小说有：This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night , The Love of the Last Tycoon共计5篇。
专题一 │ 真题再现
2. D　事件排序题。根据第一段中“…was once a student of St. Paul Academy…In 1917 he joined the army…”可知Fitzgerald最先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参加的军队……
3. C　推理判断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.”可知。
专题一 │ 真题再现
4. D　推理判断题。根据人物传记的特点和本段对Fitzgerald生活、作品的描述，说明了Fitzgerald的作品对文学界的意义，因此随后一段应该是关于Fitzgerald对文学界的贡献的。
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
Would you believe that the first outstanding deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman His name was Laurent Clerc. He became a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America’s first school for the deaf.
专题一 │ 专题预测
Laurent Clerc was born in a small village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785.When he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense of smell.
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris where he excelled in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to stay on as an assistant teacher.
专题一 │ 专题预测
Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to London, England to seek ideas on how to
专题一 │ 专题预测
teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who invited him to go to Paris to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school where Laurent Clerc was teaching. Gallaudet accepted
专题一 │ 专题预测
the offer. The two worked and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America only a short time.
专题一 │ 专题预测
The two men set sail on June 18, 1816.The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school for
专题一 │ 专题预测
the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they founded a school for the deaf in Harford, Connecticut.
专题一 │ 专题预测
At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
专题一 │ 专题预测
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from teaching in 1858.Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on July 18, 1869 in the United States.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Why did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
sail to London
A．He needed to finish his studies
to become a minister.
B．It was the easiest way to get
to France.
C．He wanted to study their system
of deaf education.
D．He wanted to marry Alice
Cogswell.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.From the information in this
passage we can infer that________.
A．Laurent Clerc was an
intelligent man
B．Clerc had difficulties learning
language
C．Clerc married Eliza in order to
get his Green Card
D．Clerc was paid well because he
made such important
contributions to society
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.On their trip from Paris to
America, Clerc and Gallaudet
________.
A．played cards and socialized
B．studied and discussed their plans
for a deaf school
C．founded a school for the deaf
D．Gallaudet studied English and
Clerc studied sign language
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.Which is the right order of the
things Clerc did
A．Met Gallaudet, moved to America,
got married, went to school in
Paris.
B．Met Gallaudet, went to school
in Paris, moved to America, got
married.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.The main idea of this passage could
best be stated as________.
A．Clerc managed his time well, and
was able to teach a lot of
information in a short period of
time
B．Thomas Gallaudet was indebted to
Clerc for all that he taught him
专题一 │ 专题预测
C．Went to school in Paris, met
Gallaudet, moved to America,
got married.
D．Got married, went to school in
Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to
America.
专题一 │ 专题预测
C．Clerc preferred teaching deaf
students to hearing students
D．Clerc, an educated Frenchman, had
a great impact on American Deaf
Education
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　(一)
1．C　细节理解题。第四段“He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf和to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”与C项表达虽然不同，但意思基本一致。
2．A　推理判断题。可以用排除法解答此题，B项没想到；C项文中既没有说明为什么与Eliza结婚，更谈不上当时是否有“绿卡”。D项没有足够的信息推断挣钱多少。
专题一 │ 专题预测
3．B　细节理解题。根据第五段中“They and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以确定答案是B。
4．C　逻辑顺序题。根据第三段、第五段、第六段和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可确定C项正确。
专题一 │ 专题预测
5．D　主旨大意题。全文围绕Clerc和他对美国聋儿教育的影响，所以D项正确，而A项面太窄，B项偏离主题，本文针对的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C项文中根本没提到。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　(二)
　　Powerful, blonde and over six feet tall, Maria Sharapova is the most brilliant tennis player who has ever stepped on tennis court. In the summer of 2004, seventeen year old Sharapova shocked the tennis world by defeating defending
专题一 │ 专题预测
champion Serena Williams in the singles finals at Wimbledon, becoming the first Russian player to win the prestigious tennis event, and the third youngest winner in the history of the tournament.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　Born on April 19, 1987, in Nyagan, a town in western Siberia, Russia, Maria Sharapova was encouraged by her parents to try everything, from dancing and music to athletics. She discovered tennis after her fourth birthday. Her
专题一 │ 专题预测
parents liked to play tennis, too, so they began teaching her how to hit the ball. She proved to be a quick learner, and when she was six years old they traveled to Moscow for a youth tennis clinic.
专题一 │ 专题预测
Sharapova and her father moved from Russia to Florida when she was nine so that she could study at the tennis academy of Nick Bollettieri. She won her first junior championship title at the age of thirteen, and turned professional in 2001.Then Sharapova steadily worked
专题一 │ 专题预测
her way up through the professional ranks, claiming her first WTA victory in Japan in 2003.Her crowning moment came the next year, when she won Winbledon, at a young age of 17, solidifying a consistent spot in the top five. She gained her second and third major titles
专题一 │ 专题预测
by beating Justine Henin at the 2006 US Open and Ana Ivanovic at the 2008 Australian Open. Sharapova has earned a spot on Forbes magazine’s “Celebrity 100” list as the highest paid female athlete in the world.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　Sharapova hopes to win Wimbledon, the Australian, French, and US Opens in the same year. No other female player has done so since German champion Steffi Graf in 1988.Sharapova also looks forward to a career beyond tennis. She has done some modeling, is a devoted reader of fashion magazines, and has even helped design some
专题一 │ 专题预测
of her court outfits with Nike. Fashion design might be a career option when she retires from tennis. Acting would be another choice. “Nothing scares me，” she said, “because I’m not worried about failure. You never know until you try. So if you don’t try, you’ve failed. All I know is, I’m starving to be the best.”
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Which of the following is not TRUE
A．Sharapova became the champion of
the Wimbledon tournament at the
age of 17.
B．Sharapova is the third Russian
player in the history of Wimbledon
to win the champion.
C．Sharapova began to play tennis at
the age of four.
D．The Wimbledon Tournament is an
important event.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Sharapova won her first junior
championship title at________.
A．six　　　　　　B．four
C．seventeen D．thirteen
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.According to the story, the Forbes
magazine________.
A．is a youth tennis training
center
B．holds the Wimbledon tournament
C．ranks the famous people
worldwide every year
D．introduces fashion
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.What does the underlined word
“clinic”in the second paragraph
mean
A．An office providing medical
service.
B．Sports training center.
C．Stadium holding competitions.
D．A person offering medical
service.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.The best title of the story
is________.
A．An Outstanding Tennis Star
B．History of The Wimbledon
Tournament
C．Success from Youth
D．Championships Sharapova Has Got
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
【文章大意】 莎拉波娃以青春秀丽的外表及不俗的球技成为新一代球员中“美女兼实力派”的代表。毕竟“ 天才少女成名记”的故事发生过太多次，而后如流星般“陨落”的更是不在少数，若是莎拉波娃在荣誉与掌声背后能够一如既往地努力进步，才可能有希望成为明日网坛真正的天后。
专题一 │ 专题预测
1．B　细节理解题。文章第一段末句说the first Russian player to win the prestigious tennis event, and the third youngest winner in the history of the tournament 而非第三位获得温布尔登网球公开赛冠军的俄罗斯选手。
2．D　细节理解题。文章第三段说She won her first junior championship title at the age of thirteen。
专题一 │ 专题预测
3．C　推理判断题。从文章的介绍来看，《福布斯》是一本定期公布名人排行榜的杂志。
4．B　词义理解题。clinic 在此意为“培训中心，培训学校”。
5．A　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主题为《杰出的网球明星》比较合理。其他答案过于片面。
专题二 │ 故事类
专题二　故事类
　专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　故事类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些故事是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些故事是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，故事类文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始
专题二 │ 专题导读
末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·四川]
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of
专题二 │ 真题再现
reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.
专题二 │ 真题再现
With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or
专题二 │ 真题再现
disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.
专题二 │ 真题再现
Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read
专题二 │ 真题再现
anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and
专题二 │ 真题再现
along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.What can be inferred about the
author as a child
A．He never watched TV.
B．He read what he had to.
C．He found reading unbelievable.
D．He considered reading part of his
life.
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.The underlined word “voice” in
the second paragraph most probably
means “________”.
A．an idea
B．a sound quality
C．a way of writing
D．a world to write about
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.What effect does reading have on
the author？　
A．It helps him to realize his
dream.
B．It opens up a wider world for
him.
C．It makes his college life more
interesting.
D．It increases his interest in
worldwide travel.
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.Which of the following can be the
best title of this text
A．Why do I read
B．How do I read
C．What do I read
D．When do I read
专题二 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
【文章大意】 本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身体验，讲述读书使人形成自己的独立观点，读书使人开扩视野的重要作用。
专题二 │ 真题再现
1．D　细节理解题。根据首段第一二句， “I grew up in a house…with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves…. I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing”可知作者是在一个以书为伴的环境中长大的，读书像呼吸那样已经成为生活必需。
专题二 │ 真题再现
2．C　词义推测题。根据文中 “…but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own…”可以推断出voice所表达的意思是“写作方式”。
3．B　细节理解题。由文章的最后一句可得出答案
专题二 │ 真题再现
4．A　主旨大意题。文章作者主要以自己的亲身体验讲述读书的重要性。因此Why do I read？“我为什么读书？”作题目最佳。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate must have
专题二 │ 专题预测
touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.
专题二 │ 专题预测
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there, too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my
专题二 │ 专题预测
parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so
专题二 │ 专题预测
pleased with myself, that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children！” I haven’t forgotten. The value of my parents still live on.
专题二 │ 专题预测
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors (挑衅者), and to lay down my life for those in my care How many people would want me back for Christmas It’s a serious thought, one to give me pause.
专题二 │ 专题预测
I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword, and my darling from the power of the god.” Yet I know the death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore
专题二 │ 专题预测
plan to live forever, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.According to the whole text we can
see that the first paragraph
________.
A．puts forward the subject of the
text
B．shows the author’s pity on the
kid
C．acts as an introduction to the
discussion
D．makes a clear statement of the
author’s views
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.In the second paragraph the author
mainly wants to explain to us________.
A．how much he misses his parents now
B．why his parents often appear in his
dream
C．when Lucien will get over all his
sadness
D．how proud he was when he succeeded
in life
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.What feeling did the author’s mother
express in her reply
A．Proud.　　　　 B．Happy.
C．Disappointed. D．Worried.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.In the author’s opinion, the value of
a person’s life is________.
A．to leave behind a precious memory
to the people related
B．to have a high sense of duty to the
whole
C．to care what others will remember
and treasure
D．to share happiness and sadness with
his family
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.What does the writer mean by the
sentence taken from an old poem
A．Call on criminals and murderers to
lay down their guns.
B．Advise parents stay with their
children safely at home.
C．Spend every day meaningfully in
memory of the death.
D．Try to keep violence and murder far
away from society.
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
【文章大意】 该篇是夹叙夹议的文章。从一个孩子给圣诞老人写的一封信引出了父母应该为孩子留下什么这一主题。
1．C　结构功能题。第一段是作为话题的引子，即从孩子的书信引出作者对问题的思考。所以本段的功能是引出话题。故C正确。
专题二 │ 专题预测
2．B　段落主题题。从第二段内容可知，作者的父母虽然去世多年，但他们在作者心目中的地位甚至比他们活的时候还要高。尤其是最后一句The value of my parents still live on更是对本段做了高度的总结。与之符合的意思应该选B。
专题二 │ 专题预测
3．D　判断推理题。第二段讲述了作者成为教授后非常兴奋，急于把这一消息告之父母。但他们的反映却出乎作者意料。母亲只是说：“这下你该有空陪陪孩子了吧！”由转折连词but可知，母亲为作者只顾自己的前程，不关心孩子而担心，故D项正确。
专题二 │ 专题预测
4．A　目的意图题。根据第三段It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care.可知，母亲的话使我思考我死后如何还能活在我的孩子以及我关心的人心中的问题，符合 A项表达。
专题二 │ 专题预测
5．D　句意理解题。这句话的字面意义是：从剑中抽出我的灵魂，从上帝的权威下拯救我的爱人。结合第一段所涉及的校园暴力事件来看，这句话表达了作者的愿望：远离暴力。 所以D项正确。Deliver…from…意为“把……从……中挽救出来”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
As Joe and Michael were heading towards the Drivers License place, Michael, who was behind the wheel, froze as he heard the voice on the radio saying that a man had been murdered by a bullet that had came from the sky. He immediately drove off and
专题二 │ 专题预测
went to a secret place. Later on that day, after thinking that the shot they had fired possibly wasn’t the shot that killed Mr Ward, they headed back to the Drivers License place where Michael failed the driver’s test because he could not think straight. For the next two months, Michael and Joe hid the secret that the bullet had actually shot Mr Ward.
专题二 │ 专题预测
During this time, Jenna Ward started to realize life without her father. While Jenna mourned the death of her father, a strange boy started to appear at the front steps of the church across the street from her house. After many nights of watching this boy, she finally recognized that it was Michael who was sitting on the steps every night.
专题二 │ 专题预测
After months of finding out where the shot came, the(共436张PPT)
专题一　人物传记类
专题二 故事类
专题三 新闻报道类
专题四 广告应用类
专题五 文化教育类
专题六 历史地理类
专题七 社会生活类
专题八 科普知识类
模块 4　阅读理解
模块 4　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块 4 │考纲解读
高考阅读理解要求考生在25分钟内完成3篇不同题材、体裁的短文理解。阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点，要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单的判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。其具体要求为：
模块 4 │考纲解读
1．能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文。
2．把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间。
3．能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断。
4．理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络。
5．熟悉掌握实用性文章，如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。
命题分析
模块 4 │ 命题分析
　　近几年湖南高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：
1．体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛
体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。考查最多的是说明文，特别是国外新科技、新发明的说明文。从选材上看，涉及人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，特别关注当今大家都关注的热点话题，如教育、环境、道德情感、科学发现、生活经历等。例如：2009年湖南卷
模块 4 │ 命题分析
C篇为科普说明文，介绍了澳大利亚科学家的最新研究发现，即：人节食是为了显得有魅力，而鱼节食是为了避免被驱出群体而被吃掉；D篇也为说明文，围绕轮胎的设计介绍了折叠式自行车的发展过程。2010年湖南卷A篇为药品广告，介绍了药品的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项； B篇为人物传记，主要介绍玛丽·摩尔的职业生涯及其抗病之争；C篇为科普说明文，主要介绍了最新科学发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。这都显示了选材的广泛性、时代性和人文性。
模块 4 │ 命题分析
　　 2．语言地道，题型合理
材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型，其中细节理解题保持50%的比重，仍为考查重点，但是选项并非与文章完全对应，而是换种表述方法，或根据“弦外之音”猜测隐含细节的理解。推理判断题呈上升趋势，主旨大意题及词义猜测题的比重基本保持稳定。
应试点睛
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
　　一、掌握策略，战无不胜
阅读理解无论从难度和分数所占比重都是首先应该受到学生重视的，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
1．正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系
湖南高考阅读理解自2010年有3篇短文，设置15道单选题，考试时间25分钟。这就要求考生在处理阅读理解的时候既要“快”，又要“准”。也就是说，在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯的追求阅读速度。这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
2．正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选项的关系
高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段，这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了考生的心理压力。为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确把握句子的意义。
对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
3．正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系
湖南高考的阅读理解选材一般在280—450词，每篇设5个题，因此一定会有大量的剩余信息。我们在做题时，没有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。然后针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
4．所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观
做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。同时，符合原文的选项是正确选项但不一定就是最佳选项，阅读题要求选的是最佳选项，有的选项从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
二、明确步骤，战无不胜
1．阅读题干，明确问题。在阅读文章之前，可以通过题干对文章进行初步了解。这样，在下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少盲目性。
2．快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠。在第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有大致的了解，这是选出正确选项的前提。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
3．阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相关的材料并预选选项。可在文中相应处作出标记，以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
4．带着问题略读原文，确定答案。答完所有题目后，再快速阅读一遍文章，检查各题所选答案是否正确。查看各题答案是否前后照应，与原文有无矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要线索。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
三、知己知彼，减少失误
有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：
1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
2．无中生有。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。这类选项的干扰较大。在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。
3．答非所问。选题与题目关系不大，选项没有针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。同学们在做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注意选项是否针对题目。
题型探究
模块 4 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　细节理解型
【命题形式】
1．Which of the following statements is True (Not True)
2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed)in the passage
3．What is the reason that…？
4．What do we know about…？
模块 4 │ 题型探究
5．How did the people know the couple’s problem
6．Why was the bike so important to the couple
【解题策略】
1．掌握技巧，灵活运用
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处作改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
2．了解特点，对症下药
(1)直接信息题
直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。
【典例】 [2010·海南、宁夏]
The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
模块 4 │ 题型探究
The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair user.
The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace).
(　　)1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter ________.
A．the House　　　　　 B．the garden
C．the Visitor’s Centre D．the exhibition hall
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　题干关键词为：wheelchair。根据选文中的“The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair user.”可知：对于轮椅使用者来说，可能进入房子有些困难，但是游客中心，展览厅还有花园都可以进入。由此可以直接得出答案。
【规律技巧提炼】 在解这类题时，大家可以采取“题干定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(2)间接信息题
这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例】 To you，the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best—not the one that is the most competitive(有竞争力的)or the one has the best equipped rooms.
(　　)1.The author thinks you should choose the college that is ________.
A．well equipped B．competitive
C．suitable D．famous
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 C　从文中可以看出，作者认为选择学校的时候最重要的是学校要适合(fit)你，即选项C，而不是“装备 好的”、“有竞争力的”和“著名的”。
(3)综合信息题
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·湖北]
Third, needing to be right, it doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics. The laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.
A．give orders to the other
B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other
D．get the other to behave properly
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 C　题干的关键词是want to be right because，回原文定位到“Third, needing to be right”。原文接着往下看“it doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect.” 这句话虽然看起来很复杂，但可以跳过插
模块 4 │ 题型探究
入语不看。(破折号中间的内容均为插入语)将其省略，句子就会变得简单得多。又由于题干是对原因的提问，这里我们只重点看for后面的内容“both wish to be considered an authority and therefore to command respect”，故答案为C。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(4)是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。
【典例】 [2010·山东]
Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death. And if that weren’t bad
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enough，he had no health insurance.
After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back. He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created ，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.
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Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers.“They know what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel alone.”
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Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases.And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
These days，Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
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Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his full time job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”
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(　　)1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
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【解析】 C　通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度，所以C项正确。A项与“Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素)three times a day for the rest of his life”不符；B项与文中的Thomas开办网站，与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，而他的志愿工作才是运作Fight It 这个慈善机构。
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(5)事实排序题：这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。
【典例】
…A Russian lawyer yesterday said the country’s border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russia’s coast on Sunday.
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Alexander Selentsov, a law officer in Vladivostok city, told the Interfax News Agency the Russian border guards received orders from the Federal Security Service last weekend “to open fire”on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it from escaping Russia’s Nakhodka port.
“The order was carried out after radio warnings.”he said.
Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had fired on the ship after local media reported the incident and said severe weather caused the sinking.
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Vladivostok Daily News, the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon, said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.
The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to the crewmen’s cries for help, the report said.
Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats, Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat. While the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian, was swallowed by waves.
…
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(　　)1.Which is the right order of the ship sinking
a．New Star overturned and started sinking.
b．One lifeboat was swallowed by waves.
c．Russian warship fired upon New Star.
d．Sailors boarded two life boats.
A．a c b d　　　　　　B．b a c d
C．c a d b D．d c a b
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【解析】 C　事实排序题。由文章的介绍可以看出：俄罗斯军舰开火发生在最前面，然后是“新星号”下沉，接下来是船员登上救生艇，最后是一艘救生艇被海水吞没。
【规律技巧提炼】
在具体的解答时可采用 “首尾定位法”。即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出答案。
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(6)数据计算题：要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。
【典例】 [2010·海南、宁夏] Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World…
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(　　)1.How much is the admission for a family of two grown ups and two children
A．￡9.80　　　　　　B．￡12.00
C．￡14.20 D．￡16.40
【解析】 B　题干关键词为admission。由此可知，应该在第二个表格中寻找相关的信息。根据第二个表格中Family ￡12.0 (2 adults ＋ up to 3 children)，即是一家人(2个成年人和至多3个小孩)需要￡12.0。
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　探究点二　主旨大意型
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度比较大。细分起来，主要考查学生对文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图等的理解能力。
【命题形式】
1．考查文章的中心思想
The main idea/key point of this passage is that …
The passage is mainly about …
From the passage we can learn/conclude that …
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Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
2．考查文章标题的选择
The best title/headline for this passage is …
Which of the following is the best title
What would be the best title for the text
The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is …
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【解题策略】
1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨
找准主题句是关键。寻找主题句多采用浏览法(skimming)。主题句通常在文章开头，也可能在一段的中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。
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2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心
先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
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【典例1】 [2010·四川]
…
Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.
…
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(　　)1.What does the paragraph mainly talk about
A．The technical skills of a would be ROM.
B．The practical experience of a would be ROM.
C．The personal information of a would be ROM.
D．The necessary requirements for a would be ROM.
【解析】 D　主旨大意题。依据本段提供的信息，申请人要有管理和技术服务的经验、研究操作的知识及极好的交际技能等，可知本段主要谈对应聘职位者具体能力的要求。
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【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] Too much TV watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.
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A second study，looking at nearly 1,000 grown ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26 year olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV.
…
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(　　)1.What would be the best title for this text
A．Computers or Television
B．Effects of Television on Children
C．Studies on TV and College Education
D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits
【解析】 B　标题归纳题。该文属于主题句在篇首。通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，故选B。
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【规律技巧提炼】
新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此第一段就是全文的主题句。另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章说明的中心或阐述的观点，等把一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，作者最后用一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句出现在文章的最后。
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【典例3】 [2010·重庆]
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
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We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “May I get you something？” “A coffee would be nice.”
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Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath？”“Who？”
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“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.
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(　　)1.What is the message mainly expressed in the story
A．We should learn to be generous.
B．It is honorable to help those in need.
C．People in high positions are not like what
we expect.
D．We should avoid judging people by their
appearances.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。该文属于主题句在篇末。根据文章最后一句“Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.” 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D。
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【典例4】 [2010·江西]
Andy rode slowly on his way to school，day dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him.He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present.He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens.What he saw shocked and terrified him.A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
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With no time to waste，Andy sped off in the opposite direction，riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm.With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously，he sped down the rough road.As the bees came closer，his panic increased.Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇)． The
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last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly，his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation，don’t panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.”
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On a nearby hill，he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home.“Bees don’t like smoke，”he thought.“They couldn’t get into the house.”Andy raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were gaining ground.Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.
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Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he spotted a small dam used by Mr.Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden.Off his bike and into the cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects.After holding his breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone.Dragging himself out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell.Mr.Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
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“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，”laughed his mother with relief.“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”But Andy did not hear her.He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
(　　)1.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 躲入水中避险的成功故事。根据最后一段第二句Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以判断选D。
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【规律技巧提炼】
阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，作者有时仅仅叙述事件所发生的时间或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。这时可以回顾全文来概括文章的主旨，具体方法是：
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1．判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方还是一件事情或者是某一事情的过程。总之，人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。
2．读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，一般来说文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章大意主旨方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。
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　探究点三　词义猜测型
历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
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【命题形式】
1．The underlined words “took off” in paragraph 2 mean …
2．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that …
4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph
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5．The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6)most probably mean …
6．By saying “We need them yesterday” (paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots …
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【解题策略】
1．根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义
句子中有些词其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。定义、解释多样，常用“to be defined as, to be called, that is to be, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语预示着下文对前文的信息加以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。
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2．依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义
运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手法下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。
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3．依据逻辑推理猜测词义
运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化 (词义引申)来猜测词义。
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【典例1】 Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked_husband.
(　　)1.The underlined words “henpecked_husband” probably means a man who ________.
A．likes hunting　　B．is afraid of hens
C．loves his wife D．is afraid of his wife
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【解析】 D　依据标点符号猜测词义。破折号“—” 起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选D。
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【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There，“I’m having a dinner party”means：“I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.”…
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(　　)What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Choice. B．Try.
C．Style. D．Goal.
【解析】 B　词义猜测题。依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。从第一句的hated，到But意义上的转折，说明尽管不喜欢，还是要“尝试一下”，所以try的意思更接近shot。
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【典例3】 I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded_her_judgment.
(　　)1.The underlined words “clouded_her_ judgment” probably mean ________.
A．made her less trustful toward the doctor
B．put her in control of her own feelings
C．made her less able to think clearly
D．put her in a dangerous situation
【解析】 C　词义猜测题。此处 cloud 名词动化为“把……遮盖住，使……模糊不清” ，对于思维而言，就是“不能清楚地思考”，因此选C。
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【典例4】 [2010·江西]
However, what do we do with the time we have saved Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the_days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
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(　　)1.What does “the days” in paragraph refer to
A．Imaginary life.
B．Simple life in the past.
C．Times of inventions.
D．Time for constant activity.
【解析】 B　词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜测词义。原句意义：(Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.) 也许， 我们静静聆听广播里的故事节目， 任想象插上翅膀肆意翱翔的日子， 已经一去不返了。
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【典例5】 [2010·陕西]
When I first got an e mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件)a crime.
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(　　)1.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in paragraph probably mean
A．Messages. B．Ideas.
C．Connections. D．Programs.
【解析】 A　词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜测词义。根据本文中的“e mail”一词以及“endless series of advertisements”可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是“信件，垃圾邮件”，由此可知本题选A。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
　探究点四　推理判断型
推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断
模块 4 │ 题型探究
题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
【命题形式】
1．It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph)that…
2．It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph)that…
模块 4 │ 题型探究
3．It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph)that…
4．It implies that…
5．Where would you most probably find in this passage
6．What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
7．What is the author’s main purpose in this passage
8．The writer’s purpose in writing this story is …
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解题策略】
解答推理判断题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想。针对细节的推断，可首先通过辨认细节、事实的追忆技巧，了解并理解有关的事实或证据，然后运用查读法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，并对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想
模块 4 │ 题型探究
作推断时，先根据主题思想，再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。甚至要借助常识作出合理的推断和判断。
1．推测上下文的内容
(1)推测下文的内容：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话，根据作者的思路进行推理。
(2)推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
2．根据事实细节，推断合理信息
推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
3．推断作者的观点
应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，注意能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。
4．推测写作目的
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 但写作目的通常有以下三种：
(1)娱乐读者，让人发笑(to entertain readers)，常见于故事类的文章。
(2)说服读者接受某种观点(to persuade readers)，常见于广告类的文章。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(3)告知读者某些信息(to inform readers)，多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
【典例1】 [2010·浙江]
My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees started dying，too.Next，the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn out areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
The chain link fencing and the bulldozers did their work.Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings.Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction.The neighborhood has changed without the park.The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now.Things will never be the same again.Sometimes_I_wonder，though，what_changes_another_drought_would_make_in_the_way_things_are today.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers
A．Scared. B．Confused.
C．Upset. D．Curious.
(　　)2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother
A．It was being rebuilt.
B．It was dangerous.
C．It became crowded.
D．It had turned into a desert.
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(　　)3.According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park
A．The drought.
B．The crime.
C．The beggars and the rubbish.
D．The decisions of the city.
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(　　)4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, ________.
A．the situation would be much worse
B．people would have to desert their homes
C．the city would be fully prepared in
advance
D．the city would have to redevelop the
neighborhood
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】
1．C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句：Why don’t they just leave it alone？以及第二段的美好回顾，可以推断出，作者对现在的变化很难过。
2．B　推理判断题。仔细阅读第四段，可以了解到：公园被废弃了，里面住着流浪汉，甚至有人贩毒，所以母亲叮嘱我们不要去那里，因为危险。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
3．D　推理判断题。从第五段，可以了解到：干旱结束了，但是政府仍然对公园不管不问，而是要重新规划这块废弃地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故选择D。
4．A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的整体理解，可知旱情使事情变得很糟糕，由此可以推断出：再来一场旱灾的话，事情会更加的糟糕。故答案选A。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·四川]
Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co.，Ltd.，a major Australian medicine making company.Opened in 1992，ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.
A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager (ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL’s Health and Safety，and to communicate (沟通) with support employees at ALRL’s laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.
If you are interested in this position，please send your CV (简历) to Alex London Research Laboratory，University College London，Hatfield，London，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@ alex.co.uk.For more information，please visit www.alex.co.uk.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.What is the purpose of the text
A．To describe the job of a ROM.
B．To provide information about ALRL.
C．To announce an open position at ALRL.
D．To make known the opening of the new
laboratories.
【解析】 C　写作目的推断题。本篇文章为广告招聘。文章提供了Alex Co., Ltd招聘一名ROM的信息，并对要招聘的职位提出了具体的要求。由此可以看出该文的写作目的自然是让大家了解ALRL公司有一公开招聘的职位。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
　探究点五　篇章结构型
最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已经成为了一种新颖而独立的阅读题型。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整篇文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的赏析能力。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【命题方式】
1．How is the passage organized
2．Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
3．What will the author most probably talk about next
4．The author develops the passage mainly by…
5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)…
6．The example of…is given to show/illustrate that …
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解题策略】
1．了解文章结构的组织形式
从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)
2．了解文章的论证方法
模块 4 │ 题型探究
从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： put forward a question →analyze the question → solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；argument/idea → evidence → conclusion/restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
3．了解文章的修辞手法
从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·北京]
The Cost of Higher Education
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资)and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
(　　)1.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ________.
A．argue against free university education
B．call on them to finance students’
studies
C．encourage graduates to go into business
D．show their contribution to higher
education
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，即：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点“Many people believe that higher education should be free…通读”全文可知作者反对free higher education。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·重庆]
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商)follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征)of clothes.What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothes button.Men’s clothes tend to button from the right，and women’s from the left.Considering most of the world’s population—men and women—are right handed，the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women.So why do women’s clothes button from the left
模块 4 │ 题型探究
History really seems to matter here.Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century，when rich women were dressed by servants.For the mostly right handed servants，having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier.On the other hand，having men’s shirts button from the right made sense，too.Most men dressed themselves，and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Today women are seldom dressed by servants，but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them.Is it interesting Actually，a standard，once set，resists change.At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left，it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right.After all，women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides，some women might
模块 4 │ 题型探究
have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right，since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
(　　)1.The passage is mainly developed by ________.
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．examining differences
D．following the time order
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　篇章结构题。本题考查文章的论证方法。通观整篇文章可以看出，作者在开始提到一个现象——男女衣服的标准相反，然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因，最后告诉我们现在是这样的原因。由此判断选A项。
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 [2009·北京]
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的)basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C．Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的)light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
模块 4 │ 题型探究
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re_almost_looking_at_the_
problem_through_a_straw(吸管)，” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we’re all struggling with.”
(　　)1.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
模块 4 │ 题型探究
CP：Central Point P：point Sp：Sub point(次要点)C：Conclusion
模块 4 │ 题型探究
【解析】 C　篇章结构题。本题考查段落的组织形式。本文第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点1、2、3共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为C。
专题一　人物传记类
专题 一 │人物传记类
专题导读
专题 一 │ 专题导读
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。
专题 一 │ 专题导读
人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。
另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙，插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖南]
When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951，her mother told her，“Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out，you’ll have something to rely on.”Mary responded in typical teenage fashion.From that moment on，“the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course，”she recalls.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
The show business thing worked out，of course.In her career，Mary won many awards.Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom.“I don’t know how to use a computer，”she admits.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Unlike her 1995 autobiography，After All，her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病)．All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)，an organization she serves as international chairman.“I felt there was a need for a book like this，”she says.“I didn’t want to lecture，but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”
专题 一 │ 真题再现
But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches.In her book，she describes that awful day，almost 40 years ago，when she received two pieces of life changing news.First，she had lost the baby she was carrying and second，tests showed that she had diabetes.In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈)． Years would pass
专题 一 │ 真题再现
before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes，not let it control her.Only then did she kick her three pack a day cigarette habit，overcome her addiction to alcohol，and begin to follow a balanced diet.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fall into self pity. “Everybody on earth can ask，‘why me？’about something or other，”she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. Why did Mary feel regretful
A. She didn’t achieve her ambition.
B. She didn’t take care of her mother.
C. She didn’t complete her high school.
D. She didn’t follow her mother’s
advice.
(　　)2. We can know that before 1995 Mary
________.
A. had two books published
B. received many career awards
C. knew how to use a computer
D. supported the JDRF by writing
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is
mainly about her ________.
A. living with diabetes
B. successful show business
C. service for an organization
D. remembrance of her mother
(　　)4. When Mary received the life changing
news，she ________.
A. lost control of herself
B. began a balanced diet
C. tried to get a treatment
D. behaved in an adult way
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. What can we know from the last paragraph
A. Mary feels pity for herself.
B. Mary has recovered from her disease.
C. Mary wants to help others as much as
possible.
D．Mary determines to go back to the dance
floor.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了玛丽·摩尔职业生涯及与病魔之争。
1. D　细节理解题。根据第二段Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. “I don't know how to use a computer，” she admits.可判断选D。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards.”可判断选B。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
3. A　细节理解题。根据第三段“her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病)．”可判断选A。
4. A　细节理解题。根据第四段“In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her.”可判断选A。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
5. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Mary Moore 所说的话“I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
Roger Yonchien Tsien (born February 1, 1952)is an American biochemist and a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego. He was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)with two other chemists Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie. Tsien had
专题 一 │ 专题预测
a number of top engineers in his extended family, including his father Hsue Chu Tsien，who was a mechanical engineer and his mother’s brothers who were engineering professors at MIT. Both of Tsien’s parents came from Zhejiang Province, China. The famous rocket scientist Tsien Hsue shen, regarded as the co founding father of JPL of Caltech and later the director of the Chinese ballistic missile program, is a cousin of Tsien’s father.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Tsien’s brother Richard Tsien is also a renowned scientist at Stanford. Tsien, who calls his own work molecular engineering, once said, “I’m doomed by heredity to do this kind of work”.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
He attended Harvard University on a National Merit Scholarship, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior. After completing his bachelor’s degree, he joined the Physiological Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England with the aid of a Marshall Scholarship. He received his PhD in physiology from Churchill College, University of Cambridge in 1977.He was a Research Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge from 1977 to 1981.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Academic career
After completing his PhD at Cambridge University, he was appointed to the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1982 to 1989.Since 1989 he has been working at the University of California, San Diego, as Professor of Pharmacology and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Research
Tsien is renowned for revolutionizing the fields of cell biology and neurobiology by allowing scientists to peer inside living cells and watch the behavior of molecules in real time.
In 2004, Tsien was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine. In 2006 he became a Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society in the UK. Dr. Tsien also helps promote science education to promising young scientists through the first ever Lunch with a Laureate Program.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.We can infer from the article ________.
A．Roger Yonchien Tsien was born in China
and brought up in America
B．Roger Yonchien Tsien’s family seem to
have a great gift for science
C．Roger Yonchien achieved more
achievements than Osamu Shimomura and
Martin Chalfie
D．Tsien Hsue shen is the nephew of Roger
Yonchien Tsien
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.The underlined word “renowned”probably
means ________.
A．new　　　　　　B．well known
C．good D．reliable
(　　)3.What did Tsien mean when he said “I’m
doomed by heredity to do this kind of
work”？
A．His teacher asked him to do the work.
B．He has to do such kind of work for he
has no other interest.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
C．His parents force him to do research
into the science.
D．He was born to study science because
there are so many scientists in his
family.
(　　)4.Which of the following might be a
university
A．GFP. B．Phi Beta Kappa.
C．MIT. D．San Diego.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.Which of the following can be chosen as
the best title
A．Roger Yonchien Tsien Won Nobel Prize
for 2008
B．Roger Yonchien Tsien and His Family
C．The Great Achievements of Mr. Tsien
D．A Short Introduction of Roger
Yonchien Tsien
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了Roger Yonchien Tsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历。
1．B　推理判断题。通过第二段”Tsien had a number of top engineers in his extended family“以及此段后面列举的Roger Yonchien Tsien家族的父辈，祖父辈等都是工程师、科学家的表述得知他们家族在科研方面的天赋。而A中的”born in China“文中没有提到。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
由文中第一段”He was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)with two other chemists Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie.并不能说明他获得的成就高于另外两人。由“The famous rocket scientist Tsien Hsue shen, regarded as the co founding father of JPL of Caltech and later the director of the Chinese ballistic missile program, is a cousin of Tsien’s father .”可以看出D的表述刚好反过来了。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
2．B　词义猜测题。通过上文对Roger Yonchien Tsien这位科学家获得2008诺贝尔化学奖以及后文对他在科研方面突出成就的描述可以猜出，此处的renowned应该是 “闻名于世”的意思。
3．D　推理判断题。通过第二段对他家族如此多的科学家的表述，又由Tsien, who calls his own work molecular engineering, once said, I’m doomed by heredity to do this kind of work.可推测这句话最可能的意思就是“祖祖辈辈遗传下来，命中注定要做这个工作的。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
4．C　细节理解题。由第二段“including his father Hsue Chu Tsien，who was a mechanical engineer and his mother’s brothers who were engineering professors at MIT”得出，MIT是个大学名字。A错误，由第一段“the green fluorescent protein (GFP)”可知。C错误，由第三段“He attended Harvard University on a National Merit Scholarship, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior.”可知其中哈佛大学才是university。D错误，由第四段“Since 1989 he has been working at the University of California, San Diego，”可知，加利佛尼亚大学在San Diego市。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
5．D　标题归纳题。A、B、C均不全面。前三段对Roger Yonchien Tsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历分别进行了介绍。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958.He was born in Gary, Indiana. He was the seventh child out of nine children in his family. Michael was often physically abused by his father, beaten up and also verbally abused. But Michael also owed his success to his father’s being strict.
Michael was always an entertainer. Even when he just joined school, he would perform in front of friends and classmates. Michael started his professional music career at the age of 11, as a member of The Jackson Five.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
He’s well known for increasing the popularity of MTV through his music videos. Before this, music videos were made just to promote the albums. But Michael’s videos managed to change that in videos being made as an art, and for big business. Some of the music videos that are good examples of this fact are Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller. Through these works of his, the world got caught onto the idea of music videos and dedicated music video channels.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Michael enthralled his fans and audiences with his style of singing, dressing, and his complex dance moves, especially the “Moonwalk”. The moonwalk is something that people from every part of the globe love and try to imitate. People have also done mass moonwalks all around to show their love towards him.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Michael Jackson supported 39 charities. Through his work and various foundations, he raised and donated millions toward charity, much more than any other showman. He had great love for children, especially the poor ones, and he felt children were the next best thing after God.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Michael planed to start a 50 concert tour in July 2009.Sadly, on 25th June, 2009, Michael passed away at home. Michael Jackson was a great performer, showman and entertainer, besides the good human and charitable person that he was. It’s very unlikely that there will ever be another entertainer like Michael Jackson ever again.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Which of the following topics is not
described about Michael Jackson in the
passage
A．Childhood. B．Personal life.
C．Music career. D．Charity.
(　　)2.According to the passage, Michael Jackson
________.
A．lived a happy life as a child
B．fell in love with music at 11
C．loved performing at school
D．was grateful to his father since his
childhood
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.In the author’s opinion, as an
entertainer Michael Jackson’s greatest
contribution is ________.
A．joining The Jackson Five in 1969
B．making MTV become popular
C．creating music video channels
D．popularizing mass moonwalks
(　　)4.The underlined word “enthralled” in
Paragraph 4 most probably means ________.
A．encouraged B．developed
C．attracted D．puzzled
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.The purpose of the passage is to
________.
A．call on readers to learn from Michael
Jackson
B．show love and respect for Michael
Jackson
C．prove that Michael Jackson is a great
person
D．offer readers some facts about Michael
Jackson
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 文章分别介绍了迈克尔·杰克逊的童年、音乐事业、慈善事业并给予了他高度的评价。
1．B　段落大意题。文章第一段介绍迈克尔·杰克逊的童年，第二至第四段介绍他的音乐事业，第五段介绍他的慈善事业，最后一段讲述他的死亡及其对他的评价，全文没有介绍他的私人生活，故选B。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Michael was always an entertainer. Even when he just joined school, he would perform in front of friends and classmates.”判断选C。
3．B　细节理解题。综合第三段尤其根据该段第一句“He’s well known for increasing the popularity of MTV through his music videos.”判断选B。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
4．C　词义猜测题。根据下文“The moonwalk is something that people from every part of the globe love and try to imitate.”中“love and try to imitate”的提示可推断画线词为“迷住、吸引”之意，故选C。
5．D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了迈克尔·杰克逊的童年、音乐事业、慈善事业，及对他的评价。由此可推断，文章写作目的旨在让读者了解迈克尔·杰克逊，由此推断选D。
专题二　故事类
专题 二 │ 故事类
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
阅读时应特别注意：(1)一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；(2) 哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·北京改编]
Goldie’s Secret
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.No way could I have sent her away.No way，not me anyway.Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before.“We’re moving house.” “No space for her any more with the baby coming.”“We never really wanted her，but what
专题 二 │ 真题再现
could we have done？She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
I called her Goldie.If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name.She was so unsettled during those first few days.She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.There was nothing I could do to make her happy，it seemed.Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner’s. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down.Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
That’s why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk.We were a long way from home，when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie.But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them.“We didn’t know what had happened to her，”said the woman at the door.“I took her for a walk one day，soon after the puppies were born，and she just disappeared.”“She must have tried to come back to them and got lost，”added a boy from behind her.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
I must admit I do miss Goldie，but I’ve got Nugget now，and she looks just like her mother.And I’ve learnt a good lesson：not to judge people.
(　　)1. How did the author feel about Goldie
when Goldie came to the house
A. Shocked. 　　　B. Sympathetic.
C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. In her first few days at the
author’s house，Goldie ________.
A. felt worried B. was angry
C. ate a little D. sat by the fire
(　　)3. Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day
because she ________.
A. saw her puppies
B. heard familiar barkings
C. wanted to leave the author
D. found her way to her old home
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. The passage is organized in order of
________.
A. time B. effectiveness
C. importance D. complexity
(　　)5.Which of the following is TRUE according
to the passage
A．Goldie was given to the author as a
present by some kind friends.
B．Goldie didn’t like the author’s home
so she went away in the end.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
C．Goldie gave birth to the four puppies
after she was taken out for a walk one
day.
D．Nugget was the only one which looked
like her mother Goldie.
【文章大意】 文章讲述了一只狗(Goldie)的故事：它从原先的家中走失，被作者收养。后来有一次和作者出去散步时找到了自己原来的家和小狗。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段的描写，尤其是No way could I have sent her away.可以知道作者对Goldie非常同情。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
2. A　细节理解题。根据第二段：She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.可知答案为A。
3. D　推理判断题。根据第三段，尤其是最后一句Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.推断答案为D。
4. A　文章结构题。纵观全文，作者从Goldie的到来和离开，按时间顺(共126张PPT)
专题一　动词的时态与语态
专题二 各种从句
专题三 非谓语动词
专题四 形容词、副词的常用结构
专题五 特殊句式与主谓一致
专题六 虚拟语气与情态动词
模块 4　完成句子
模块 4　完成句子
考纲解读
模块 4 │考纲解读
湖北高考英语科《考试说明》指出，完成句子这一题型测试的重点是英语语言知识的综合运用，注重考查学生运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力；2009年湖北高考英语科《补充说明》又指出，该部分“测试考生准确使用英语语法、词汇进行书面表达的能力”； 在试题的排列形式上，完成句子是书面表达部分的第一节，也即书面表达的前奏曲。由此
模块 4 │考纲解读
可见，完成句子像书面表达一样是在考查学生运用英语语言表达的能力。该题型既考查英语语法知识，又兼顾词类的搭配和句型的变化，既考查了学生的综合语言运用能力，又能在科学的评分标准框架下区分不同层次的学生，对于引导学生更加注重对英语基础知识的掌握有很好的导向作用。
命题特点
模块 4 │ 命题特点
　　 1．命题策略
在具体的语景中，考查英语语言知识的综合运用，强调语言知识和语法知识的纵横搭配，凸显“语言＋语法＋语境”三位一体的命题理念。测试方式由显性的选择性测试演变成隐性的写作性测试。加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用，更好地体现了语言的交际性原则。并以此为基点，考查考生的语言输出能力，即综合运用语言语法知识的能力。
模块 4 │ 命题特点
　 2．命题方式
每道题在一句话中留出空白，要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。使用给定词的约束来决定答案的唯一性或尽可能单一性，避免多样性和复杂化，以增加阅卷的便利性。
模块 4 │ 命题特点
　 3．命题范围
根据近四年的高考试题来看，试题以考查语法为主，考点迁移转换快、辐射面广，一年一个侧重点，内容涉及到高中阶段《考纲》要求掌握的所有重点语法项目。比如：2007年考查了独立主格结构、情态动词等； 2008年考查了形容词最高级、倒装句和现在完成时等；2009年考查了动名词作主语、虚拟语气等；2010年考查了同位语从句、非限制性定语从句等。
模块 4 │ 命题特点
　　4．题干特点
试题的题干较长、语境丰富。2010年10道题的词数几乎全部超出了10个词，其中第79题的词数超出了20个。试题的材料来源丰富多彩，语境氛围浓厚，题目的选材设计极富真实性、时代性和交际性。比如：2008年第40题关于5.12汶川大地震后的抗震救灾，很有时代感；2010年第74题关于房价下跌，是关注民生的话题。
模块 4 │ 命题特点
　 5．答案特点
根据近3年湖北完成句子题型看，该题的答案由三个明显特征：第一，词控性。几乎80%的答案词数都控制在4个或4个词以内，只有2～3个题会达到5～7个词。第二，唯一性。为了阅卷的便利，答案的设置越来越精巧，答案的唯一性也越来越强。第三，集中性。随着该题型的日趋完善，答案的命题越来越科学。一道题中综合考查多个语法和词汇知识的题目越来越少，一般情况下都是一个题目凸显一项重要的语法概念，多点考查的现象越来越淡化。
应试点睛
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
　　完成句子涉及的考点广泛，既包含对语法知识的考查，又包含对语言知识的考查，还有对考生逻辑思维能力和翻译能力的综合考查。因此，学习时要从下面几个方面着手完成句子的备考：
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
一、强化语法概念，积累知识储备
正如前面分析到的那样，完成句子的题型其实是加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用。因此，在专题复习中，要加强对重要语法项目的学习，尤其是时态语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、比较结构、倒装和虚拟语气等主要语法项目，弄清基本概念，掌握基本规律，积累牢固扎实的知识，并且要以完成句子的形式进行科学规范的训练。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
二、树立结构意识，规范答题步骤
即要把分析句子结构、分析句子成分的思想运用到“完成句子”中来。“完成句子”考查的对象一般是一个短语、某个词的固定搭配、习惯用语或特殊句型。这些无不和句子结构息息相关。具体说来要从以下几个解题步骤入手：
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
1．通读句子，找出考点
考生在通读句子后，迅速地捕捉到句子大意并根据提示词确定考题的信息点是非常关健的。如：________(我们将如何制定这项计划)has been explained early by the teacher.(plan)。从句子结构来看，这里要补充一个主语，即主语从句；而提示词plan和“制定计划”让我们获取短语make/work out a plan…所以，该题考查的测试点包括：(1)名词性从句的用法；(2)plan的固定搭配。最后形成答案：How we will make/work out the plan。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
2．写出考点，适当筛选
英语课作为一门语言课，一种交际工具，它的功能在于它的应用性和实践性；英语词汇作为一种语言符号，同样的符号会有不同的表现形式或者构成不同的搭配。比如，All our supply of food________(已用完) (run). 首先，表示“用完”并且和run搭配的词组有run out, run out of，通过筛选，选择符合语境的最佳结构是run out；然后结合时态和语态确立正确答案为has run out…
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
3．发散思维，完成句子
发散思维是和聚合思维或单一思维相对应的。它从心理学角度引导我们要从尽可能多的角度、百花齐放式地思考问题，以达到全面而准确地解答问题的目的。把它引用到完成句子中是很有必要的。一道完成句子题正确答案的得出是要经过多个过程的，而每一个过程之间又是紧密联系的，忽视其中任何一个环节都将带来前功尽弃的后果。如：[2010·湖北] ________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)解答此题要经过以下步骤：第一步，分
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
析句子结构，判断句子成分——缺少主语；第二步，根据提示词得出考点短语——be (not) able to/ be unable to；第三步，根据语法知识确立正确答案：Not being able to use/ Being unable to use。我们经常会看到这种情形：很多考生10道题都做了，但是得分不多。究其原因不是一无所知，而是思维狭窄、单一，以致疏忽大意而顾此失彼，环环扣分。一个人的思维方式的形成是和良好的行为习惯是分不开的。因此，考生要早日养成细致而周密的发散思维习惯。多做一些相关练习以提高多角度思考问题和解决问题的能力。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
4.查漏补缺，不忘检查
俗话说：智者千虑，必有一失。 况且完成句子还有严格的评分标准。因此，答案确立后一定要细心检查，缜密考虑。建议从以下几个方面进行检查：
(1)语法完整。在英语学习中，语法知识是熟练运用英语语言的关键，是考生提高基本技能的基石。
在完成句子这一题型中，语法考点主要覆盖以下内容：主谓一致；时态语态；非谓语动词；名词性从句；定语从句；状语从句；动词的过去式与过去分词；倒装句；情态动词 ＋完成时的用法；以及形容词和副词的比较级等。检查时注意主谓一致问题，时态语态问题，指代问题，助动词误用或乱用问题。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
(2)结构完整。完整的结构包括完整的句子结构和正确的习惯搭配。考点中的句子结构会涉及到强调句、感叹句、倒装句、There be句型，动词＋宾语＋宾补，祈使句，比较级的句子结构和系表结构等。而习惯搭配则需要考生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
(3) 意义完整。完整的意义强调所填之词在句意逻辑上的合理性，所用的英文词形词性及搭配与汉语提示相吻合。避免句法、词法错误。句法主要包括主、谓、宾的关系问题。词法主要包括词形误用、词性混用、词义乱用、搭配不当以及冠词问题等等。
(4) 情景完整。完整的情景要求考生在预测语言情境的前提下选用最佳的语法形式和最佳的词汇搭配。
模块 4 │ 应试点睛
(5)书写正确。书写错误包括错词、别词、误写等，因此建议答题时不要连笔，书写应仔细、工整、清楚、悦目。最后还应该有一个核对过程，确保审题的严谨和思考的周密能清楚无误地体现在答题卡上。
总之，要想提高完成句子的表达能力，在日常的英语学习中一定要加强积累，注意语境，重视语法知识和句型结构的学习，并在广泛的阅读中加以领悟和实践。同时养成良好的解题习惯，形成缜密的思维习惯，细致全面，追求完美，千万不可顾此失彼。
专题一　动词的时
态与语态
专题 一 │动词的时态与语态
专题导读
专题 一 │专题导读
从近四年湖北卷的完成句子题型看，对动词时态和语态的考查一直是考查的重点和难点。试题在考查时态语态的同时，还同时兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。复习时要牢固掌握考纲规定的八种基本时态(即：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时)，并结合高考试题找出考点轨迹，作出科学合理的复习。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
1．[2010·湖北] Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ______________(未证实)yet. (prove)
had not been proved　考查过去完成时的被动语态。结合by then以及句意“事实未被证实”，所以用被动形式。
2．[2009·湖北] If times______________(变了)，have our ways of thinking changed too (change)
have changed
专题 一 │ 真题再现
3．[2009·湖北] ______________(任何计划好了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
Whatever one has planned/Whatever has been planned 考查主语从句和现在完成时。从提示词看，这里用whatever引导主语从句；主句用了一般现在时，从动作的先后顺序看，先计划好，然后再付诸实施，因此“计划了”用现在完成时。
4．[2008·湖北] With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ______________(我的家乡会是什么样子)in ten years.(what)
专题 一 │ 真题再现
what my hometown will be/look like　考查动词短语、宾语从句和一般将来时。
5．[2008·湖北] At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine______________(正在运往)from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake stricken areas.(transport)
are being transported　考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。本题需要仔细推敲句子所提供的语境，采用现在进行时的被动语态，并且主语是复数形式。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
6．[2007·湖北] The fact ______________(他失败了数次)makes him very upset. (he, fail)
that he has failed (for) several times　考查同位语从句和现在完成时。
7．The church tower which ________(修复)will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (restore)
is being restored　考查现在进行时和被动语态。restore意思为“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
8．I walked slowly through the market, where people ________(销售)all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (sell)
were selling　考查过去进行时。根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作。
9．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film
—No, I ______________(读过), so I already knew the story.(read)
专题 一 │ 真题再现
had read the book　考查过去完成时。在“knew”前已看过，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
10．Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she______________ (一直肩负)since her marriage to Father. (shoulder)
has been shouldering　考查现在完成进行时。在本句since 表示自从过去到现在， 所以用现在完成进行时。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
1．In a room above the store, where a party______________(即将举行), some workers were busily setting the table. (hold)
was to be /was going to be/would be held
2．So far effective measures ______________(采取)by our government to reduce the effect of financial crisis. (take)
have been taken
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．I decide to leave the company next month, where I____________(工作)for exactly three years. (work)
will have worked　语境说的是下个月，因此用将来完成时表示截止到将来某个时候的延续动作。
4．The first time I____________ (遇到他), he was working in a computer company. (come)
came across him　这里表示第一次做某事时，状语从句用一般过去时。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
5．By the time Jane gets home, her aunt______________(抵达)London to attend a meeting.(head)
will have headed for　从句by the time ＋一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。
6．The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident ______________(发生)yesterday. (happen)
that happened　用一般过去时与过去的时间状语呼应。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
7．He______________(写文章)for our wall newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 articles.(write)
has been writing articles　由语境可知，这些年来他一直在写文章，应用现在完成进行时。
8．He told me to buy some bread on my way home from work, but I____________(忘了这件事). (forget)
forgot about it
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9．Tom, you ______________(总在撒谎)to us. It’s really a bad habit. (always)
are always telling lies
10．—The dinner is delicious! I’m so full.
—But some dessert ________(已经点了). (order)
has been ordered　一些点心已经点了，还没端上桌子，用现在完成时的被动语态。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
11．As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when__________________(开会). (hold)
the meeting will be held
12．This afternoon______________(我收到一封信)from my uncle Tom, saying that he would drop in on me in two days. (arrive)
a letter for me arrived　考查一般过去时。从提示词看，这里用a letter for me arrived表示“给我的一封信到了”，用一般过去时。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
13．I feel quite upset—my brother __________________(一直没有给我写信) since he went to Britain three months ago. (line)
hasn’t dropped me a line　考查现在完成时和动词短语，从提示词看，“写信”用drop sb. a line。
14．Although he______________(住在伦敦) for a long time, he didn’t regret his decision to return to his own country. (stay)
stayed in London　考查一般过去时。句中有延续性时间状语，但这表示与现在没有任何关联的过去动作，用一般过去时。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
15．I will come back at ten, and by that time the guests we have invited________(已经来了). (come)
will have come
16．I am told that a number of my classmates______________(去旅行) to Beijing tomorrow. (take)
are taking a trip/will take a trip
专题 一 │ 专题预测
17．One more moment, Tom. When I________(卖完)the newspapers, I will go with you to the cafe. (sell)
sell out
18．The habitat(栖息地) of the species ____________(正遭到破坏)and the species are dying out. (destroy)
is being destroyed　动词destroy表示“破坏，毁灭”，从语境的提示看，这里用现在进行时的被动语态is being destroyed。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
19．The forest is disappearing fast as many people________ (砍伐树木)and using the land for farming. (cut)
are cutting down the trees　考查现在进行时和动词短语搭配。“砍伐”用cut down，这里用现在进行时。
20．What you should keep in mind is that what you have learned in this course________(将会塑造你们的生活) in the future. (shape)
will shape your life　考查一般将来时。这里shape用作动词表示“塑造”，用一般将来时。
专题二　各种从句
专题 二 │各种从句
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
这里所说的从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择题不同，湖北卷完成句子题型对从句的考查非常复杂，它不单纯考查连接词，还涉及谓语动词的时态语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词，而是把连接词也作为考查的测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强，难度也比较大。回顾近四年的高考试题，各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及到。考生答题时要善于结合语境，正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词，并能兼顾其他知识进行综合考虑，这是至关重要的。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
1．[2010·湖北] ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
As we have stressed
2．[2010·湖北] My mother was so proud of all ______________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(that) I had done　考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”等不定代词的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。
3．[2010·湖北] The news ______________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
that house prices will fall　考查同位语从句。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
4．Such knowledge is still useful ________(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)
when (it is) applied
5．As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________(需要什么)to start a business here.(take)
what it takes
专题 二 │ 真题再现
6．It is uncertain ______________(这种药物会带来什么样的副作用), although about two thousand patients have taken it. (bring)
what side effect the medicine will bring about　本题考查主语从句。第一步，写出短语bring about, what side effect; 第二步，根据句意确立时态为一般将来时。最后写出答案。
7．The city______________(我成长的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)
专题 二 │ 真题再现
in which/where I grew up　考查定语从句和一般过去时。本题的解题难点在于判断定语从句的连词。这里用in which或where引导定语从句，连词在定语从句中作地点状语。
8．Today, we will begin ________(我们昨天结束的地方)so that no point will be left out. (stop)
where we stopped yesterday　考查状语从句。用where 引导地点状语从句。
9．The newly built café， the walls of______________(漆成淡绿色), is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (paint)
专题 二 │ 真题再现
which are painted light green　考查“介词＋ 关系代词”型的定语从句。由句式确立为定语从句，此处用which指代café，根据句意写出短语be painted light green，最后形成答案。
10．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______________(离开村子里的家)for a better life in the city. (leave)
whom left their village homes　考查“介词＋ 关系代词”型的定语从句以及一般过去时。此处用whom指代nearly 1,000 people，根据句意写出短语leave their village homes，最后形成答案。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
1．______________(不管你给我什么样的礼物), it means you have thought of me. (whichever)
Whichever gift you give me　本句中whichever相当于no matter which，引导让步状语从句。
2．Such was the force of the explosion__________________(所有的窗户都被震碎了)．(break)
that all the windows were broken　本题是such…that引导的结果状语从句。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．Children should be encouraged to explore ______________(任何感到好奇的事情)．(whatever)
whatever they are curious about　本题是whatever引导的宾语从句。
4．Hearing the sound, he stood up and looked in the direction______________(它来的). (come)
where it came from
专题 二 │ 专题预测
5．I find that I can’t tear myself away from the two books. ______________(他们的共同之处)is that they are both entertaining and instructive, telling us how to deal with stress problems. (have)
What they have in common　考查主语从句和短语搭配。这里用what引导主语从句，have sth. in common表示“有相同的地方”。
6．It has been ten years since he ______________(参军). (join)
joined the army　从句意看，这里用since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
7．Could you please tell me______________(我如何处理) the naughty children ( attend)
how I will attend to　用how引导宾语从句表示方式，“处理”用attend to。
8．______________(不管我多么努力) to read it, I still couldn’t figure out what the article was about. (try)
No matter how/However hard I tried　考查让步状语从句和一般过去时。这里用no matter how hard或however hard引导让步状语从句表示“无论如何”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
9．Tom, don’t you realize that is______________(你的错误所在) (be)
where your mistake is
10．While I agree with most of what you said, I don’t agree with your viewpoint______________(这个实验失败了). (failure)
that the experiment is a failure　考查同位语从句。这里用that引导同位语从句指前面提到的viewpoint的具体内容。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
11．____________(正如你知道的那样), your grades are failing. You should spend less time on the baseball field and more on your subjects. (know)
As you know
12．The boy，______________(家庭贫穷), has to spend almost an hour walking to his school every morning. (poor)
whose family is poor　从语境看， 用whose引导定语从句。“家里很穷”，谓语用单数形式。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
13．Mrs. Black took the police back to the same place____________(她目睹了)the robbery. (witness)
where she had witnessed　从题干看，这里用where引导定语从句，连词在从句中作地点状语，用过去完成时表示先于主句发生的动作。
14．The experience, I’m sure, will make a good memory and may even change__________________(你看待生活的方式). (think)
the way (that/in which) you think about life
专题 二 │ 专题预测
15．I suggest that you consider our opinions carefully____________(在你做决定之前)on anything. (decide)
before you decide
16．____________(至于)traffic rules, I often come across such cases where the local drivers obviously know them but won’t follow them. (come)
When it comes to　表示“至于，谈到”用when it comes to，用when引导时间状语从句。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
17．The matter has reached a point ______________(双方不得 )go to court. (have)
where the two sides will have to　定语从句的先行词是point、situation、case、position，且关系词在从句中作状语时，用where引导定语从句。
18．______________(会议已经推迟)till next Monday is informed on the board.(put)
That the meeting has been put off　考查主语从句、动词短语、现在完成时的被动语态。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
19．The old man said that if ______________(他们所做的是对的), he would help them. (right)
what they did was right
20．Some people have told me that once you enter the university, you will be free to study__________________(你感兴趣的任何东西). (whatever)
whatever you are interested in　考查宾语从句。给出了提示词whatever，这无疑降低了本题的难度，用whatever引导宾语从句表示“无论什么”。
专题三　非谓语动词
专题 三 │非谓语动词
专题导读
专题 三 │ 专题导读
非谓语动词以其形式多样、结构复杂、内涵丰富、功能较多而成为高中英语教学的重点和难点，同时也是历届高考的重点测试项目。从近几年湖北高考英语完成句子的试题看，对非谓语动词的考查立意较低，强调对非谓语动词基本概念、基本结构及其基本功能的考查。一般来说，重复考查同一概念的几率较小，所以复习时要善于分析知识的盲区，并进行针对性的训练，以提高学习的有效性。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
1．[2010·湖北] ______________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)
Not being able to use/Being unable to use
2．[2010·湖北] After she completes the project, she’ll have ______________(没什么要担心的). (worry)
nothing to worry about　考查不定式作后置定语。动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成逻辑上动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上介词“about” 。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
3．[2010·湖北] ________(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
Painted/Having been painted
4．[2009·湖北] When you are finished with the electric iron, don’t forget______________(关掉它). (turn)
to turn it off　考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth.意为“记着要去做”；“关掉”是turn sth. off；并且要注意代词的用法。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
5．[2009·湖北] ______________(获得奖学金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states. (win)
Winning a scholarship　考查动名词作主语。“获得奖学金”是win a scholarship。
6．[2008·湖北] —You’d better go and______________(把你的轿车洗洗)．
—No, I ’ll do it myself. (wash)
have/get your car washed　考查have sth.done结构。注意分析题意，这里的提示表示“让别人做某事”，应该用have sth. done结构，用过去分词作宾补。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
7．[2007·湖北] They sat together around the table, with ______________(门关着)．(shut)
the door shut　考查独立主格结构。从语境看，是with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词的独立主格结构，名词the door与“关着”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。
8．______________(靠近市中心时), we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (approach)
Approaching the city center
专题 三 │ 真题再现
9．So far nobody has claimed the money______________(在图书馆发现的)．(discover)
(which was) discovered in the library　考查非谓语动词。the money与discover是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。本题也可以写成定语从句。
10．The lawyer listened with full attention，______________(尽力不错过)any point. (try)
trying not to miss　考查现在分词短语作伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。又因动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not。所以答案为trying not to miss。
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
1．Helen had to shout ______________ (使人们听到她的话) above the music at yesterday’s party. (herself)
to make herself heard　考查非谓语动词和动词搭配。这里用make＋宾语＋过去分词表被动。
2．As a senior 3 student, every one of us is studying as hard as he can, ______________ (希望被录取)to a good college. (admit)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
hoping to be admitted　两个动词连用时，第二个动词如果没有连词连接就应该用非谓语动词形式，这里用现在分词作伴随状语。
3．With something urgent________(要处理), the general manager hurried back to his office early in the morning. (attend)
to attend to　考查(独立主格)和动词短语。这里用with＋名词＋不定式表示没有发生的动作，“处理”是attend to。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
4．No wonder he blamed you. With so much work________(要完成), you shouldn’t have gone to the cinema last night. (finish)
to finish　考查独立主格结构。这里用with＋名词＋不定式表示没有发生的动作。
5．I’m really sorry ________(伤害你), Tom. I didn’t mean to, but I was really annoyed at the result. (hurt)
to have hurt you　考查不定式的完成式。从语境看，“伤害”的动作发生在抱歉之前，应该用不定式的完成式
专题 三 │ 专题预测
6．When______________(比较不同的文化), we should pay as much attention to the similarities as to the differences. (compare)
comparing different cultures　考查现在分词作状语。本句的动词compare与句子主语是主谓关系，应该用现在分词作状语。
7．Three days later, he received a letter______________(邀请他教书) at a local university. (invite)
inviting him to teach　考查现在分词短语作后置定语。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
8．____________(得到告诫)of possible rainstorm at hand, they decided to stay home for the holiday. (warn )
Having been warned　考查现在分词完成式的被动形式。表示先于谓语动词发生的动作和被动含义。
9．I have set up a newspaper and will ask all my friends____________(投稿). (contribute)
to contribute to it
专题 三 │ 专题预测
10．____________(长大) in a poor family made Jack very hardworking when he was still young. (bring)
Being brought up　考查动名词的被形式作主语和动词短语。空格处在句中作主语表被动，应该用bring up的动名词的被动形式。
11．On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card____________(附在上面), saying “Happy birthday！” (attach)
attached to it　考查独立主格结构和动词短语。这里用“with＋名词＋过去分词”，用attach…to表示“附属，使依附”。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
12．______________(和其他同学比较) in my class, in my opinion, Tom is the most satisfying for the post. (compare)
Compared with the other students　考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。从语境看，这里用compare…with，句子主语与compare是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作状语。
13．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions______________(需要改善). (improve)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
need to be improved/improving　考查不定式的被动形式作宾语或动名词作宾语。这里用sth. need(s) to be done/doing结构表示某事需要做。
14．He doesn’t like the idea of speaking in public as he is afraid of____________(被嘲笑)for his strong accent. (fun)
being made fun of　考查动名词的被动形式作宾语和动词搭配。从语境看，这里用动名词作介词宾语，并注意用被动，make fun of表示“嘲笑”。
15．Take an umbrella with you, Tom. You can’t risk ______________(被困)a rain again. (catch)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
being caught in　考查动名词的被动形式作宾语和动词短语。这里用be caught in表示“被困”，risk只能接动名词作宾语。
16．The principals discussed the regulations they’d like to see ________ (被实施) the next term. ( carry )
carried out　考查过去分词作宾补和动词短语。这里用see sth. done和动词短语carry sth. out。
17．______________(在国外长大), he couldn’t speak Chinese well. (bring)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Brought up abroad　考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。这里用bring up表示“抚养”，用过去分词作状语表原因。
18．Jenny sat motionless, listening to the teacher with her mind______________(想其他事). (focus)
focused on something else　考查独立主格结构和动词短语。这里提示词是focus，用focus one’s mind on sth.，因此空格处用过去分词。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
19．With______________(学生们坐下)in the hall, the visiting professor delivered an impressive speech on the art of language. (seat)
(all) the students seated　考查独立主格结构。这里动词seat表示“坐下”用be seated，因此用过去分词构成独立主格结构。
20．They soon realized that, unless carefully________(处理), the situation would be even worse. (deal)
dealt with　考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。这里unless接过去分词作状语表示被动含义，“处理”是deal with。
专题四　形容词、副词的
常用结构
专题四 │形容词、副词的常用结构
专题导读
专题 四 │ 专题导读
完成句子对形容词、副词的考查主要侧重于形容词、副词的句式表达和词序问题等方面，同时涉及代词与副词等的应用，侧重点突出，一年一个考点。2007年考查形容词倍数比较的表达，2008年考查形容词最高级，2009年则考查形容词比较句式“否定词＋比较级”结构。在最后阶段的复习中，要注意归纳总结形容词和副词的常见句型以及语法结构比较特殊的表达。
真题再现
专题 四 │ 真题再现
1．[2009·湖北] At the award ceremony, Mr.Jackson said, “for me, there has been________(没有更大的回报)than your support.” (great)
no greater reward/no reward greater　考查形容词比较级的用法。这里用“否定词＋比较级”表示“没有比……更……”，形容词greater可放在所修饰的名词前，也可放在后面与比较状语从句连在一起。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
2．[2008·湖北] ______________(最长的三条河流)in the world are the Niles, the Amazon, and the Changjiang River. (long)
The three longest rivers　考查形容词的最高级。这里用“定冠词＋数词＋形容词的最高级＋名词”来表达。
3．[2007·湖北] The factory’s output of cars this year is______________(大约是去年的三倍)．(as，great)
about three times as great as that of last year
专题 四 │ 真题再现
4．It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime ____________(更有可能) put on weight.(likely)
are more likely to　考查比较结构。be more likely to(do sth)意为“更有可能(做某事)”。
5．With the help of the high technology, this year the factory has produced ______________(两倍多的汽车) it did last year.(as)
twice as many cars as　考查倍数与同级比较结构。“倍数＋ as…as”是一个常用的固定表达。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
6．Mr.Smith won ______________(两倍的奖杯)in 2006 as the year before. (medal)
twice as many medals
7．The loss of water and soil is ______________(最严重)in this area. (serious)
the most serious　考查形容词的最高级。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
8．With the rapid development of agriculture and industry, now the city is ______________(两倍大)what it was ten years ago .(size)
twice the size of　考查倍数的表达。“倍数＋ the size (weight, length, depth…) ＋ of”是一个常用倍数表达结构。
9．I’m not surprised that she has ______________(如此甜美的声音)as her mother. (sweet)
so sweet a voice　考查“so＋ adj.＋ (a/an) ＋名词”结构。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
10．In recent years travel agencies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，______________(我们的假日就越好)．(holiday)
the better our holiday will be　考查固定句型“the＋比较级…the＋比较级” 结构。
专题预测
专题 四 │ 专题预测
1．My command of French is______________(不及一半好) as yours. (good)
not half as/so good　考查形容词原级比较。从题干的as看，这里用形容词原级的否定形式not as/so…as，将分数词放在原级比较结构的前面。
2．Modest and____________ (平易近人), he soon put everyone completely at ease. (approach)
easy to approach
专题 四 │ 专题预测
3．The new street is 10 miles long, almost ______________(三倍长) what it used to be. (length)
three times the length of　考查倍数表达。提示词是名词length，因此这里用“倍数词＋the＋名词(size/length…)＋……”。
4．The____________(越不紧张) the learners, the better their language acquisition. (anxious)
less anxious　考查形容词比较句式。从语境看，本题用the＋比较级，the＋比较级结构表示“越……就越……”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
5．It’s______________(你很愚蠢) be involved in the trouble. (silly)
silly of you to　考查形容词句式。从语境看，这里用be＋性格形容词＋of sb. to do sth.表示某人做某事具有某特点，注意这里的形容词表示人的内在素质，如：silly/foolish/nice/kind等，用of而不用for。
6．Abraham Lincoln was considered______________(最伟大的总统之一)in American history. (great)
one of the greatest presidents　考查形容词最高级的句式。这里用one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数表示“最……之一”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
7．With professor Zhu’s new seeds, the peasants have produced ____________(从前稻米的三倍). (as)
three times as much rice as before　考查形容词倍数比较句式。
8．________(找不到它)，he decided to set sail for New Zealand for another try. (unable)
Unable to find it　考查形容词短语作状语。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
9．________(担心) the safety of people in the earthquake stricken areas, Premier Wen didn’t go to sleep deep into the night. (worry)
Worried about
10．The children whose mothers use heroin are often born ________ (上瘾) the drug. (addict)
addicted to
专题 四 │ 专题预测
11．The new schoolyard is______________(三倍) the old one. (size)
three times the size of　考查倍数表达。
12．The more we get together, ______________(我们就越高兴). (happy)
the happier we’ll be/ feel　考查“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……就越……”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
13．Having introduced the advanced scientific methods, the factory turned out______________(多达四倍) machines in 2009 as a year ago.
four times as many
14．Many people in the west say that Chinese is______________(最难学习的语言之一). (difficult)
one of the most difficult languages to learn/study　“最难的……之一”是one of the most difficult…，后面接不定式作定语。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
15．Much to my disappointment, I find that____________(我们很难) to carry on a conversation with all this noise around. (hard)
it is hard for us　不定式的复合结构和句式。这里的宾语从句用it be＋形容词＋for sb. to do sth.。
16．The survey has found that the number of people fond of watching TV is______________ (多两倍) that of those who enjoy reading. (large)
three times as large as/twice larger than
专题 四 │ 专题预测
17．I hope you are not only happy with what you have seen but also______________(有了更好的了解) the culture and people in the Hutong area. (understanding)
get/have a better understanding of　这里用get/have a better understanding of sth.表示“对……有更好的了解”。
专题五　特殊句式与
主谓一致
专题 五 │特殊句式与主谓一致
专题导读
专题 五 │ 专题导读
这里的“特殊句式”包括强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句和反意疑问句等。从近年来的高考试题看，特殊句式和主谓一致并不是考查的重要知识点，但会作为附属考查点出现，这种交叉性的考查加大了综合考查语法的力度；同时由于命题测试点习惯迁移的规律，该部分内容仍旧不可小觑。
真题再现
专题 五 │ 真题再现
1．[2008·湖北] Seldom______________(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college. (play)
have they played　考查倒装和现在完成时。否定副词如seldom/never/hardly等放在句首时，该句要用倒装句结构，另外，由句中的since从句看，这里应该用现在完成时。
2．[2008·湖北] It is your efforts, not your intelligence，______________(决定)your success. (determine)
that determine
专题 五 │ 真题再现
3．[2007·湖北] Not only______________(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. (give)
will help be given to　本题考查倒装句、被动语态和一般将来时。当not only…but also结构的not only修饰主语之外的句子成分并且放在句首时，该句要用倒装句结构；再考虑本句的“帮助”没有动作的发出者，因此用被动语态；最后结合语境看，后面并列句使用了一般将来时，因此前面一句也应该用一般将来时。
4．John opened the door. There ______________(站着一个女孩) he had never seen before. (stand)
专题 五 │ 真题再现
stood a girl　here, there等副词位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装结构。
5．Not until he left his home ______________(他开始)to know how important the family was for him. (begin)
did he begin　考查倒装结构。not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
6．__________________(直到他回来)from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry. (until)
专题 五 │ 真题再现
It was not until he came back　考查强调句。not until的强调结构为：It is/ was ＋ not until 从句 ＋ that…
7．Little______________(她在乎)her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (care)
did she care about　考查倒装结构。否定词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
8．New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only ______________(节省了老师们的精力), but students became more interested in the lessons. (save)
was teachers’ energy saved　考查倒装结构。否定词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构。
专题预测
专题 五 │ 专题预测
1．______________(再过半年), and it’ll be time for us to take the college entrance exam. (another)
Another half a year　考查句式。这里用“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时”结构，前面的祈使句可用名词(短语)代替。
2．______________(从山顶看), and you can get a full view of the city.
See from the top of the mountain　考查句式。句中有连词and，因此空格处不能用非谓语动词，而是用祈使句。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
3．______________(多么有趣的角色)she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (role)
What an interesting role/How interesting the role
4．Jim，____________(务必安静)for the moment—the teacher is looking our way. (be)
do be quiet
专题 五 │ 专题预测
5．Tom, you’d better watch out—______________(别靠得太近) the house. Its roof is under repair now and you may get hurt standing below. (get)
Don’t get too close to　这里用get close to表示“靠近”，从题干看，本题用祈使句表示劝告。
6．Only when the villagers were faced with water shortage did they realize__________________(污染问题有多么严重).
how serious the problem of pollution was　考查宾语从句和一般过去时。这里宾语从句使用感叹句形式，用how表示“多么”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
7．Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else in the world ______________(你能找到)more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. (find)
can you find　考查倒装句结构，这里否定副词放在句首，因此用部分倒装形式。
8．I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________(我意识到)the importance of studies. (realize)
did I realize　当only＋主语之外的句子成分放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，这里用一般过去时。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
9．Not until I had arrived home____________(我记起)my appointment with Michael Smith. (remember)
did I remember　当not until引导状语放在句首时，主句用部分倒装形式，这里用一般过去时。
10．I have no idea which team will win the game，______________(我也不关心). After all, my enthusiasm for Chinese football has long faded. (concerned)
nor am I concerned about it　考查倒装句和固定搭配。这里用nor＋倒装句表示“不……”，用be concerned about表示“关心”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
11．Michael Jackson has died, but never______________(他的音乐被遗忘) by the world. (forget)
will his music be forgotten
12．On your way to the airport, you’ll see that along the road______________(有很多新建的建筑物). (stand)
stand many newly built buildings
专题 五 │ 专题预测
13．Scarcely ______________(我把门打开)when he rushed into the office out of breath. (open)
had I opened the door　本题考查倒装句和过去完成时。
14．______________(她想到)she might have left the necklace somewhere on the way home. (occur)
It occurred to her that　考查固定句式。这里用it occurs to sb. that表示“某人想到”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
15．It is only when the stress gets out of control ________(会引起) poor performance and ill health. (lead)
that it can lead to　考查强调句结构和动词短语搭配。“引起”是lead to。
16．It was 10 o’clock in the morning______________(他回到家) drunk. (return)
when he returned home　从语境看，空格处不是强调句，而是when引导的时间状语从句。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
17．As a result of the serious flood，two thirds of the buildings in the area____________(需要修理)．(need)
need repairing/to be repaired　本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two thirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings；need doing＝need to be done意为“需要被做”。
18．Professor Smith, along with his assistants，________(研究这个项目)day and night to meet the deadline. (work)
专题 五 │ 专题预测
is working on the project　考查主谓一致与动词时态。真正的主语是Professor Smith，由day and night可知用现在进行时。
19．Only when all the new houses are completed __________________(他们才能搬进去). (able)
will they be able to move in　考查倒装句、一般将来时和动词短语。当only＋状语放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，这里用一般将来时，“搬进去”是move in。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
20．—I can’t find Xiao Ming. Where did you see him this morning
—It was in the library________(你去过). He was returning some books at the time. (visit)
that you visited
专题六　虚拟语气与
情态动词
专题 六 │虚拟语气与情态动词
专题导读
专题 六 │ 专题导读
情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。从近几年湖北完成句子题型来看，高考英语完成句子题对情态动词的考查主要题型涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子题型对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气：宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。
专题 六 │ 专题导读
做好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义与现在、过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。
真题再现
专题 六 │ 真题再现
1．[2010·湖北] Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
(should) be discussed
2．[2010·湖北] It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________(不可能做到)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
专题 六 │ 真题再现
can’t/couldn’t have done it/so/this/that　考查情态动词。当要对过去情况进行否定的推测时，要用 “can’t/couldn’t＋have＋done”结构。
3．[2009·湖北] After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that ______________(它着陆)as scheduled the next day. (land)
it (should) land
4．[2008·湖北] I feel so sick. I wish Mum______________(没有逼我)to eat so much. (force)
专题 六 │ 真题再现
hadn’t forced me
5．[2008·湖北] He believes that children ______________(应允许……学习)at their own pace. (allow)
should (ought to) be allowed to learn (study)　考查情态动词的用法和非谓语动词。
6．[2007·湖北] He looks sleepy. He must______________(熬夜了)last night, writing the essay. (stay)
专题 六 │ 真题再现
have stayed up　考查情态动词表推测。注意题目中的时间提示，是对过去的推测，must have done表示对过去事件的肯定推测。
7．[2007·湖北] It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he______________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand)
may/might have had a hand　表示“可能性”应用may/ might；由于是对过去情况的推测，动词应该使用完成式；表示“参与”应用动词短语have a hand in。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
8．Jack described his father，______________(他一定是)a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man. (be)
who must have been　考查情态动词表推测的用法。用must have been表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
9．I______________ (本来不应该看那场电影)—it’ll give me horrible dreams. (watch)
shouldn’t have watched that movie/film　考查情态动词的用法。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done。
专题 六 │ 真题再现
10．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ______________(节省)．(save)
would have been saved　考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，从句是过去完成时， 所以主句应用“would＋have done”结构。
专题预测
专题 六 │ 专题预测
1．We______________(或许还没有证明是)great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (prove)
may not have proved　考查情态动词表示推测的用法。may not have done 表示对过去所发生事情的不太有把握的推测，意为“或许没有做过”。
2．He________(一定完成了)his work；otherwise，he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (complete)
专题 六 │ 专题预测
must have completed　考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，表示“一定……”。
3．I would rather ______________(该呆在家里)yesterday than go to see the dull film (stay)
have stayed at home　语境表示与过去实际情况相反的假设，因此用would rather have done sth。
4．Mrs. Brown, the secretary of our firm, ______________(不可能已被解雇了), for she just told me she would come back to work. (fire)
专题 六 │ 专题预测
couldn’t have been fired
5．But for his help, we______________(不会幸存下来)．(survive)
wouldn’t have survived　考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从语境看，空格处表示与过去的实际情况相反的假设，用wouldn’t have done sth。
6．The bathroom has hairs on the floor from the previous guest so it couldn’t __________________(打扫过) very well. (clean)
专题 六 │ 专题预测
have been cleaned　考查情态动词表示推测的用法。从语境看，空格处表示对过去动作的判断推测，用couldn’t have done sth.，“打扫”与bathroom是动宾关系，用被动语态。
7．If we______________(会受伤) when trying to save someone, we would not be able to help. (injure)
were injured/were to be injured　考查虚拟语气。从语境和主句谓语看，空格处表示与将来的实际情况相反的假设，条件句用一般过去时或者were to do sth.。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
8．If you had done as I told you to do, this__________________(将不会发生). (happen)
would not have happened　考查与过去实际情况相反的假设，主句用would (not)have done sth.。
9．I can’t find my key. It ______________(肯定被丢在)in my office. (leave)
must have been left　考查“情态动词＋完成式”。语境表示“肯定某事已经发生”，用must have done sth.。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
10．Look what mistakes I’ve made. If only I____________________.(听你的劝告). (follow)
had followed your advice　考查虚拟语气。本句是对过去情况的虚拟，if only后从句应用过去完成式。
11．It is high time that we______________(我们重视)environmental problems. (attach)
attached importance to　考查虚拟语气。It is high time that 后句子常用一般过去时。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
12．Should______________(明天下雨), our picnic plan would have to be put off. (rain)
it rain tomorrow
13．The boss insisted that every minute______________(被充分利用) to do the work well. (make)
be made full use of　主句谓语是insist，从句用(should＋)动词原形的虚拟语气。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
14．It is strongly recommended__________________(你更新你的电脑) regularly according to the instructions. (update)
that you update your computer/have your computer updated　考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是recommend时，从句用虚拟语气：(should＋)动词原形。
15．—Do you think he is lazy
—I__________________(可能这样想过)once, but I don’t now. (think)
may/might have thought so　这里用may/might表示不肯定的语气，接完成式表示过去的动作。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
16．Even as the trip was drawing to an end, little Tom was still full of energy, as if__________________(旅游刚开始). (begin)
the trip had just begun　从语境看，这里as if引导的方式状语从句用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的假设，要用虚拟语气。(共77张PPT)
模块 3　完形填空第二节
考纲解读
模块 3 │考纲解读
“湖南高考说明”就此节的措辞是：“本节要求考生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补足后，要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。”分析此措辞可以得知：
1．从考查的内容看， 除考查词汇外， 还考查功能语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。从而要求考生具有一定的语言知识实际运用能力。具体地说，要求考生具备：
模块 3 │考纲解读
(1)阅读与理解语篇的能力。
(2)分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构，能抓住句子主干的同时，还要能区分主从句的层次。
(3)熟练运用语法的能力。
2．从题型的形式看， 只给出空缺， 没有选项， 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空， 这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。
命题分析
模块 3 │ 命题分析
　　 命题特点
完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇150—240词的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。其考查内容非常广泛，主要考查点为：(1)考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要是形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词等功能词汇；(2)考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分，检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语；(3)考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。总的来说，此题考查偏重虚词(以介词、冠词、连词为主)，而轻实词。
应试点睛
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
　 在做完形填空第二节的时候， 学生不但应该通篇考虑， 掌握文章的内容和主题， 而且还应该合理地运用已学的语法知识得出正确的结论。总的来说，解答策略有“四法”，即：
一、章法
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
指根据短文的不同文体来理解文章大概意思，为进一步确定用词扫清阅读障碍。如议论文有论点、论据和论证；记叙文要抓住时间、地点、人物和事件发生的顺序等。当然章法也涉及词的用法，如说明文常使用firstly，secondly，thirdly等表示举例的词汇；记叙文常有when，who，where，how，why。不同的文体有不同的行文风格和表达方式，这就是章法特征。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
二、句法
指从句子结构的角度来确定填空思路。例如：Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment ________ hurt animals and species. 分析句子结构可知该空引导定语从句修饰changes，且在从句中作主语，由此可推断此处填which或that。
三、词法
是从词性的角度来分析词语与词语、词语与句子成分的关联性，从而确定填空思路的一种方法。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
四、惯用法
是从词语搭配的角度来决定答案。例如：More and more people have begun to realize the effect of global warm ________ the environment. 根据固定搭配“have an effect on sth”可判断该空填on。
为了提高答题的准确率，在运用以上“四法”的过程中，具体要注意如下几点：
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
1．根据语法知识进行填充
【典例1】 There once were a goat and a donkey…So the farmer killed ________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
【解析】 该空后的goat在文中第二次提到，特指上文提到的goat，故该空填定冠词the。
【典例2】 But nothing changed until midterm, ________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our class.
【解析】 该空填when引导定语从句，修饰midterm。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
【典例3】 In short, I believe that it is ________ great use to keep a diary in English…
【解析】 根据惯用搭配“be of ＋抽象名词”可判断该空填of。
【典例4】 One of the ________ gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 该空根据“which made him very unhappy”可推断此处应指不好的礼物，但不宜填bad，而应根据“I ever made”判断填其最高级worst。
【典例5】 …animals and plants are disappearing many times faster ________ they have in the past 65 million years.
【解析】 根据比较级的构成可知该空填than。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
2．根据前后逻辑关系进行填充
【典例1】 ________ there was no man to see any of the flights, we can be told by the animal’s footprints that fight did take place.
【解析】 根据前后句的让步转折关系，判断该空填Though/Although。
【典例2】 We’re all born with exceptional qualities, ________ only a few really realize their true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead an average life.
【解析】 根据前后句意的转折关系判断该空填but。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
3．根据语篇标志进行填充
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines practiced daily and ________ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.
【解析】 根据句中and所表示的并列关系可知该空与success相对应，故该空填failure。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
4.根据上下文语境进行填充
【典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right ________was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again
【解析】 根据下文“How would I ever play the piano again？”可判断我所受伤的部位是用来弹钢琴的，由此判断该空填hand。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
5．根据生活常识进行填充
【典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as ________as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound.
【解析】 根据后一句可知，我是因伤在医院需动手术；由生活常识可知，动手术前自然害怕，害怕的人自然会脸色苍白，而且生活中纸也常是白色的，由这些生活常识可判断该空填white。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
6．根据文化背景进行填充
【典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church________.
【解析】 这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗)，所以此处填mouse。
题型探究
模块 3 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　实词型填空
完形填空第二节在8个空之中考查实词运用常为1—3空，常见为动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词。一般来说，考查实词之处颇具情景性，即与语境有关，要求根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此，正确解答实词型，弄懂短文大意至关重要。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
正确解答实词型填空，一要注意判断词性，即根据句子的结构和功能，判断是用形容词还是副词；用动词还是名词等。如果修饰名词，前面多用形容词或偶用名词或名词所有格作定语；修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词；作谓语用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词、代词；作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词；作定语用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。二要注意判断词形。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
即当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数名词还是不可数名词，是单数名词还是复数名词。形容词要看是用原级，还是比较级、最高级。如果填的是动词，首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态、语气等；非谓语动词则要考虑是用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式，同时也要考虑时态和语态问题。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 Well, it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot ________ on their study.
【解析】 该空在句中作谓语，且置于情态动词之后，由此判断该空填动词原形。根据语境可推断该空填focus或concentrate。focus/concentrate on意为“集中”。
【典例2】 When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some ________， which even the best guide books do not answer.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 该空在句中作动词have的宾语且前面有形容词some的修饰，由此判断该空填名词的复数形式。根据空后的“do not answer”可推断该空填questions。
【典例3】 China is ________ than Japan in size.
【解析】 该空在句中作is的表语且后有介词than，表两者之间的比较，由此判断该空填形容词的比较级。根据常识我们知道，中国在面积上比日本大，故该空填larger。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例4】 And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I’ll stop and transplant ________ to my wildflower garden.
【解析】 该空在句中作动词transplant的宾语，应填名词或代词。如果填名词，根据语境则应填the blue flowers，但由于空中只能填一词，故用人称代词宾格them填空，代替the blue flowers。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　虚词型填空
完形填空第二节考查虚词为主。在8个空之中考查虚词运用的情况多至5—7空，主要考查介词、并列连词、it的虚指用法、冠词、从句引导词(即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词)。答好虚词型试题要求考生具有较强的语境推理能力，扎实的语法基础知识，丰富的词汇及句型搭配和较强的英语语感。
具体地说，解答虚词型填空试题的常见技巧如下：
模块 3 │ 题型探究
1．如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，并列连接两个词或短语，则用并列连词。常考查的并列连词有：
(1)表转折、对比关系的并列连词：but, while, whereas；表让步转折意义的副词：nevertheless, however, though，anyway，anyhow，yet。
(2)表因果关系的并列连词：so, thus，for(因为)；表示因果意义的副词：therefore。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(3)表选择关系的并列连词：or(或者；否则), either…or；表选择意义的副词：otherwise。
(4)表并列关系的并列连词：and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor。
(5)表“就在这时”的并列连词：when。
【典例1】 In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 句意为：在一些地方，人们期望妇女挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。前后两句之间是对比关系，故填while。
【典例2】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, ________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
【解析】 因为前后句是因果关系，故填for表“因为”。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder，________you won’t pass the course.
【解析】 根据语境“你已有两场考试不及格，你最好开始加倍努力，否则你通不过这门学科的。”判断填or。
【典例4】 Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 句意为：站在那儿，你能更好地看到这幅油画。根据句型“祈使句＋and＋简单句”可判断填and。
【典例5】 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________I heard the steps.
【解析】 句意为：我刚走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干身子，就在这时我听到了脚步声。由此判断填when。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例6】 There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as________ as their knowledge.
【解析】 此处as well as连接两个并列名词短语作test的宾语。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
2．如果该空位于“形容词＋ 单数可数名词”之前，考虑用冠词(a/an/the)或形容词性物主代词。此外，也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。
【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth________ safe and healthy place where all animals and plants—including humans ourselves—can live.
【解析】 该空后形容词safe和healthy所修饰的place为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指，故填a。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 The little girl pulled ________ left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.
【解析】 空后为“形容词＋单数名词”结构，考虑用冠词或形容词性物主代词。根据句意此处应指小女孩的左手，故用her填空。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
3．如果该空位于“限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词)＋形容词＋ 名词”之前，或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间，则可考虑用介词。此外也要注意“系动词＋形容词＋介词＋名词或代词”结构。
【典例1】 Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing ________ second hand smoke.
【解析】 该空位于动词和名词之间，可初步判断该空填介词。根据“quit smoking”和“avoid breathing ________ second smoke”的并列关系可判断，此处指“避免吸入二手烟”，故填in。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works ________a little money.
【解析】 该空位于“a little money”之前，可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目的是为了赚钱，故填for。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
4．如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中作主语，则考虑用主语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后，则考虑用表语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后，则考虑用宾语从句的引导词，其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。
【典例1】 ________ that team and that school must do is to admit that it lost.
【解析】 该空引导的从句在句中作主语，即可判断它引导一个主语从句。根据该空在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 I don’t quite understand ________ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词understand之后且作understand的宾语，故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚的游戏，故填why。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
5．如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后，则可考虑两种情况，一是引导同位语从句，常见的名词有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容；考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是that, whether，这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句，此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常考查的是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as和关系副词when, where, why。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 The news ________ we won the game is exciting.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词news之后且具体说明news的内容，可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推断填that。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination________ will decide his future of job.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词examination之后并修饰examination，由此推断它引导的是一个定语从句。根据其在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故填which或that。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
6．如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词，常考的引导词有：because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/such…that等。
【典例1】 ________she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more important—her life!
【解析】 该空引导从句置于句末，且两句之间无并列连词，可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填if引导虚拟条件句。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting ________she was too old to work on her farm.
【解析】 该空引导从句置于句末，再结合句意可判断它引导一个时间状语从句，故填when。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
7．it的虚指用法主要指it作形式主语或形式宾语及用以构成强调句型的用法。其中it作形式主语和形式宾语的主要句型如下：
用It作形式主语的句型：
(1)It is adj.＋ to do sth.
It is difficult to translate this article.
翻译这篇文章很难。
(2)It is adj. ＋ for/of sb.＋ to do sth.
It is important for us to learn English.
学习英语对我们很重要。
It’s kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好了。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(3)It is up to sb. to do sth.“应由某人负责”或“……是某人的职责”。
It’s up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.
接不接受这份工作由你自己定。
(4)It is adj.＋ that clause
It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. 关注粮食对我们很重要。
(5)It is (no) good/use/useless ＋ doing sth.
It is no use trying again ＝ It is of no use to try again.
再试也没用。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(6)It is worthwhile ＋ doing sth./to do sth.
It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time on it.
在这件事上花时间是值得的。
(7)It happens ＋ that clause
It happened that John was the only witness.
碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。
(8)It occurs to/strikes sb.＋that clause 某人突然想到……
It suddenly occurred to/struck me that I hadn’t seen Peter all day.
我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(9)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known…that…
It is known to us all that he means well. 我们都知道他是好意的。
(10)It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took us one month to complete this project.
我们花了一个月完成这项工程。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
It作形式宾语的句型
(1)主语＋vt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe etc.)＋ it ＋ adj. ＋ to do sth.
I found it difficult to explain to him what happened.
我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。
(2)主语＋vt.＋ it ＋ useful/useless/no good/no use ＋ doing sth.
He thought it no use going over the subject again.
他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(3)主语＋vt.＋ it＋adj.＋ that clause
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没有明确说明会议在什么时间、什么地点举行。
(4)take it for granted that…想当然地认为……
Sorry! I just took it for granted that you would want to come. 对不起，我想当然地认为你会愿意来。
模块 3 │ 题型探究
(5)see to it that…务必使……，保证使……
Will you see to it that the luggage is brought back
你能保证行李会被拿回来吗？
(6)表示喜欢，恨等心理方面的动词如like, love, hate, appreciate, dislike等后加上it作形式宾语，再加上that/if/wh 从句作真正宾语。
I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何用电脑我将不胜感激。
专题训练　完形填空
第二节
专题训练 │完形填空第二节
真题再现
专题训练 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖南]
Parents are busy people.If they are working，they are usually not at home__1__ their children return from school.Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write __2__ after school note for their children.They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table，the refrigerator，__3__ another place where their children are sure to find it.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
A note is often a __4__ way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone.For one thing，parents have time to think about __5__ they want to say before they write. __6__ another，the note lists all the information in one place.It is easy to read again and again.People often forget all the details that __7__ hear in a telephone call.Finally，cell phones can be turned __8__ or telephone calls not answered.For these reasons，after school notes are very popular with parents.
专题训练 │ 真题再现
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
试题语篇为144词的说明文。可采用如下步骤解答此题：
第一步：通读全文， 理解大意
考生应该迅速地浏览全文， 以便了解全文主旨。首先， 应该特别注意文章的首尾句。通常文章会在首句给出一个提纲挈领或提供背景信息的句子， 在尾句表明自己的观点；
专题训练 │ 真题再现
其次，要注意一些关键词语或句子， 特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句； 此外，还应该善于从文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。例如，根据文章首句“Parents are busy people.”和末句“For these reasons, after school notes are very popular with parents.”可推断全文主旨是：忙碌的父母给他们孩子留下“after school notes”的原因。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
第二步：尝试填空， 突破难点，各个击破
在理解短文主旨及上下文语境的基础上，理解挖空句的句意，分析其句子结构，动用已有语法知识，兼顾语法和意义，大胆猜测、各个击破。切记：每空要填的单词都可以在所在句或上下文中找到它的依据。
1. when/after　该空引导时间状语从句。句意为：当他们的孩子们放学回来的时候/以后，他们经常不在家。
2. an　根据空后的单数可数名词note及after school可判断填an。
3. or　该空填并列连词or并列三个名词，即“the kitchen table, the refrigerator, another place”。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
4. better　由句意“便条是与孩子交流的更好方式”可判断填better。
5. what　该空引导宾语从句且在从句中作say的宾语，故填what。
6. For　For another为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。
7. they　该空在句中作主语且指代前面的people，故填they。
8. off　turn off意为“关掉”，即：手机被关掉。
专题训练 │ 真题再现
分析以上答案可发现其考查情况是：状语从句引导词1题(1题)，冠词1题(2题)，并列连词1题(3题)，形容词1题(4题)，名词性从句引导词1题(5题)，介词1题(6题)，代词1题(7题)，副词1题(8题)。由此可知，该节重在考查虚词。
第三步：再读检查， 修正错误
填好各空后， 再将文章复读一遍， 把已经填好的答案放在整篇文章中来检查，看其语法是否正确(词形是否用对？拼写是否有错？)，短文语意是否贯通。如果前后有矛盾或者句子不通顺， 证明有可能出现错误， 这时候就要重新予以考虑。
专题预测
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(一)
One day when having lunch in a little café， I noticed an elderly couple having lunch at a table across the room. I must have looked over at them a few times __1__ my son asked me if I knew them. I replied that I didn’t，__2__ they reminded me of my own grandparents.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
When the waitress came over, I asked her if she knew them. She said she __3__. She said it was the elderly man’s birthday today. I wanted to do something for them so I told the waitress that I wanted to pay for __4__ lunch and gave her some money.
Some time __5__， the elderly couple came over to thank us. They were so excited that someone had bought them lunch and wanted to meet my son and me. They said they were really cheered up by our gesture.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
My son was surprised that I had paid for this couple we didn’t know and asked me __6__ I did it. I replied that my grandparents used to go out for lunch to celebrate their birthdays in the same __7__ and it just felt like the right thing to do to make this couple smile, especially __8__ their birthday.
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．because　前后是果因关系，故用because引导原因状语从句。
2．but　前后是转折关系，故用but。
3．did　此处用助动词did代替“knew them”。
4．their　此处指老夫妻的中餐。
5．later　some time later 一些时间后。
6．why　儿子问我为什么帮他们付款。
7．way　in the same way 以同样的方式。
8．on　on one’s birthday 在某人生日的那一天。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(二)
Pleasant surprises always make me happy. It’s always nice to learn that someone was thinking of us and when they do something for us when we least expected, __1__ gives us happiness. When that __2__ to me, I try to do something for others.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
A couple of days ago, I was watching a movie with a few friends __3__ a thought came to my mind. One of my friends was moving house the next day and I decided to help him __4__ devoting some of my time to helping with the shifting. Then I had another thought, __5__ if he has a lot of stuff and it will be difficult for him to transport it
专题训练 │ 专题预测
I shared this with a friend who was __6__ watching a movie. We decided to get a car and load everything in the car and give him __7__ surprise. We were excited and it all happened fantastically. The friend __8__ was moving was surprised with the gesture the next morning and was really happy.
Let’s all continue to spread kindness!
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．it　此空指“they do something for us when we least expected”所表示的一件事。
2．happens　sth. happens to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。
3．when　when此处意为“就在此时”。
4．by　by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”。
5．what　what if…？意为“如果……将会怎样？”
6．also　他当时也在看电视。
7．a　give sb. a surprise 给某人惊喜。
8．who　此空引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，而先行词又指人，故用who。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(三)
You have possibly overheard a mom whisper to herself, “I wish my son was as good as his son in Math.” Or perhaps you heard your daughter’s best friend tell your daughter, “I wish my mom is as cool as your mom.”__1__ these things are no longer a surprise, it doesn’t mean that it is a healthy thing to do. __2__， it means that we should find out why we blurt(突然说出) these things out __3__ a regular basis.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
We compare our families to others because other families look __4__ on the outside than our own families, __5__ is why comparing is so easy to do. Most of the time, we feel uncomfortable admitting__6__ ourselves that our families have problems.
Actually, comparing families will not solve any problem. But if you stop comparing, you will realize __7__ wonderful your family is and you will see__8__ unique qualities. Not only that, you will also realize that your family is not as bad as you think, allowing you to solve family problems much easier.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
1．Although/Though　该空引导让步状语从句。
2．Instead　instead 相反。
3．on　on a regular basis 经常地，为固定搭配。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
4．better　别人的家庭从表面上看比自己的家庭更好。
5．which　此空引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，又指代前面整句内容，故用which。
6．to　admit to sb. sth向某人承认某事。
7．how　此处为感叹句式作宾语从句。
8．its　此空指上文的“your family”，故用its。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(四)
Exercises and quitting smoking are thought to be important steps for a long, healthy life, but a new study suggests __1__ potential tip for living a long life: making some friends.
The results show people with strong social relationships increased their opportunities of survival over a certain time period __2__ 50 percent, the researchers say. That’s nearly twice as beneficial as physical activity in terms of decreasing your possibilities of dying early.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
The findings show __3__ important friendships are to our health, the researchers say.
“I think that social relationships should also be taken quite__4__ in terms of reducing risk of death，” said the researcher Julianne Holt Lunstad, __5__ psychologist at Brigham Young University in Utah. “Our relationships can influence our health __6__ a variety of ways, for instance, they can help us deal with stress.”
专题训练 │ 专题预测
“Our friendships can also encourage healthy behaviors__7__ have a direct impact on well being. For example, our friends might encourage __8__ to eat better, exercise, get more sleep or visit the doctor.” Holt Lunstad added.
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．another　交友为长寿的另一个建议。
2．by　by此处意为：“按……的比例”。
3．how　友谊对我们的健康多么重要。
4．seriously　应该认真对待社会关系。take sth. seriously 认真对待某事。
5．a　修饰单数可数名词psychologist且又表泛指，故用不定冠词。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
6．in　in a variety of ways 以各种各样的方法/方式。
7．that/which　该空引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，而先行词又指物，故用that/which。
8．us　我们的朋友鼓励我们。故此处用宾格。
专题训练 │ 专题预测
(五)
[2010·湖南省高三·十二校联考第二次考试]
Having Fun “Growing” and “Stealing”？
Recently, an Internet game has
become a new fashion __1__ young
office workers and students.
People can “farm” on a piece of
“land” and “grow”， “sell” __2__ even “steal” “vegetables”， “flowers”， and “fruits” on the Net. They can earn some e money and buy more “seeds”， “pets” and even “houses”．
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Joyce interviewed some young people. Here are __3__ opinions.
Harold: I don’t quite understand __4__ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident __5__ to face the real world.
Allan: I enjoy putting some “bugs” in my friends’ gardens and we’ve become closer because of the game. Having fun together is the most exciting thing about it.
专题训练 │ 专题预测
Laura: You know, people in the city are longing for the life in the countryside. It reduces my work pressure; besides, it gives me the__6__ of being a “thief”．
Ivy: Well, it’s just a __7__ of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they can not __8__ on their study.
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________
专题训练 │ 专题预测
1．among　在年轻的上班族和学生当中是一种时尚。
2．or　此处表选择关系，故用or表示“或者”。
3．their　此处指代上文的“some young people。
4．why　我不明白他们为什么着迷这种幼稚的游戏。
5．enough　因为他们不能自信地面对这个世界。
6．excitement/pleasure/fun　给我一种当小偷的兴奋感或喜悦感。
7．waste　玩这种游戏是浪费时间。
8．focus/concentrate　focus/concentrate on集中。(共462张PPT)
专题一 名词与冠词
专题二 代词
专题三 形容词与副词
专题四 动词与动词短语
专题五 连词与介词
专题六 非谓语动词
专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题八 动词的时态与语态
专题九 数词与主谓一致
专题十 名词性从句
专题十一 状语从句
专题十二 定语从句
专题十三 特殊句式
专题十四 情景交际
模块1 单项填空
模块 1　单项填空
考纲解读
模块 1 │ 考纲解读
单项填空主要测试考生对英语语法、词汇以及在所给语境中对功能意念项目的运用能力。最新考纲要求：考生掌握并能运用课程标准八级要求规定的英语语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3300左右的词汇和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配；并且能从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，能在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。语言的交际性和实用性是该题型考查的重中之重。
命题分析
模块 1 │ 命题分析
新课标地区单项填空题有以下特点：考点分布合理，突出语境，强化语意，强调运用，难度适中，注重“新材料、新情景”的运用。具体分析如下：
一、考点分布合理，突出语境，强调运用
考点覆盖面广，考题涉及了考纲和新课标大部分语法项目，所有的热点、重点语法项目以及每个语法项目中的热点、重点都尽显其中。注重语法和词汇的交际运用，回归语言基础；突出重点：动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、各种从句出现的频率较高。
模块 1 │ 命题分析
尤其要引起考生重视的是动词、动词短语、各种习惯表达法及交际用语。如2010年天津卷的15个单项填空题中，与动词有关的有5个题。其中第10题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；第1题考查动词词义辨析；第11题考查动词短语辨析；第4题考查动词的时态；第12题考查非谓语动词。同时，严格遵循《英语课程标准》“笔试应避免单纯语法知识题” 的要求，将语法规则和词汇考查与具体的语境相结合；体现交际，以口语对话和习惯用语等考查学生运用语言的能力。
模块 1 │ 命题分析
二、注重“新情景、新材料”，体现交际性原则
依托“新情景、新材料”进行词汇和语法知识的考查是新课标地区英语命题的一大特色，这样更有利于考查考生运用所学的语言知识解决实际问题的能力。一些考生们所熟悉的热点、焦点事件，在新课标地区的考卷中都得到了很好的利用，比如：有关世博会的话题(福建卷21，天津卷10；江苏卷24)；有关洪灾的话题(天津卷12)；有关世界杯的话题(辽宁卷28)；有关电动汽车的话题(浙江卷15)；有关玉树地震的话题(福建卷25；江苏卷28)；有关冰岛火山喷发的话题(福建卷34)等等，将语法及词汇的考查融入到真实的语境中，体现了高考命题与时俱进的特点。
应试点睛
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
在做单项填空题时，一定要完整地理解一个句子，也就是说要把题干读完。有时，最后一个词恰恰是解决问题的关键，特别是时态题，要对四个答案进行比较分析，并结合语境。如果是情景交际，一定要把两句话联系起来，不能孤立地对待每一个句子。只有结合语境，才能找到正确答案。只有通过全面、仔细的分析，从结构和功能、语境和语意等多角度作全方位的考虑，才能选出最佳答案。另外，如果碰到通过各种手段都不能解决的问题，不要着急，不能因为一道小题影响了其他题。具体方法阐述如下：
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
一、把握语境信息，理解命题意图
语境是指一定的语言环境。单项填空题所给的四个答案选项中往往不止一个答案在语法上是正确的，但只有一个答案符合试题所给的语境。能不能看破这个迷津，既取决于我们的理解能力，同时也与我们的文学修养有关。单项填空题的考查目的就是考查学生在特定语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。好的考题中的语境设置往往十分自然、巧妙，它要求我们选择的不只是正确答案，而是最佳答案，因为语法上正确的答案不一定是实际生活交际中最得体、最合适的答案。因此我们做题时，一定要找出字里行间中的隐含信息，全面考虑，准确地把握语境内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分，才能避免出错。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　 ) [2010·天津] —Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
—________. How about next week
A．Good for you　　　　B．It won’t bother me
C．Not at all D．That’s OK
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 D　考查交际用语。句意：“约翰逊教授，恐怕我这周完不成报告。 ”“没关系，下周怎么样？”根据后面的How about next week可以看出，Johnson教授已经确认这周完不成报告没关系，所以，用That’s OK。Not at all意为“不用谢”。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
二、注意英汉差别，克服定势干扰
英语和汉语的表达习惯不同，考生应注意对比两种语言，并注意中西方文化的差异、特定语言情景中的表达以及习惯用法。命题者往往利用思维定势的负迁移作用设置一些干扰性很强的选项。思维定势是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容，它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。思维定势是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2010·上海] That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
A．reducing B．to reduce
C．reduced D．reduce
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 B　考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth表示“做某事的途径、方式”；we can imagine作定语，前面省略了that。也就是说，不定式to reduce 不是imagine的宾语。本题易受思维定势“imagine doing sth.”的影响而误选A项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
三、注意标点符号，正确使用连词
单项填空题干中的标点符号对于我们选择正确答案起着相当重要的作用，准确理解标点符号所包含的隐藏信息，能够帮助我们选出正确答案，反之，对其忽略或视而不见，则往往使我们选错答案。这是因为，标点符号是书面语言的有机组成部分，其主要功能在于准确地记录语言，有助于确切的表达说话人的思想和理解对话双方的语言信息。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　)Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious ________ than mobile phones do.
A．one　　B．ones 　　C．it　　D．those
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 B　考查代词的指代。破折号起了进一步解释说明的作用。破折号后面空缺的那个词语必须指代前面的某个词语，充当同位语。题中的ones 指代了破折号前面的problems。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
四、 剔除干扰信息， 理清句子结构
正确分析句子结构是解题的关键。对于一些结构比较复杂的试题，考生要善于分析、归纳和总结，以便准确把握命题者的命题思路。对于包含插入成分的句子，要抓住主句，排除冗余信息；对于特殊句型要学会进行句型转换。答题时要特别要留心一些由干扰信息所带来的障碍，如倒装句干扰、定语从句干扰、非正常语序和强调句干扰等。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2010·安徽] It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．where　　B．that　　C．when　　D．which
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 B　本题考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。如果能很快发现that she had bought in the village其实是一个冗余成分，答案就一目了然了。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
五、补全省略成分， 充分理解语境
在语境试题中，命题者往往会根据上下文的语境故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补全省略部分，这样才能有助于排除干扰成分，选出正确答案。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2010·浙江] The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ regularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　考查if条件句中的省略情况。句意：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律地进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。当主、从句主语一致时，从句可以使用省略形式，即“连词＋v. ing/v. ed”形式。本句中if条件从句省略了it is，所以答案选C项。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
六、识别相似句型，找准细微差异
易混句型是学习中的难点，也是高考中的重点，不但在单项填空题中出现，而且在短文改错和完形填空题中也有涉及。有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错。例如：It ＋ be ＋ 时间段的用法，what 与that 引导主语从句的区别等，这些句型都要在平时学习中注意积累和归纳。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2010·四川] Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office.
A．since B．that C．when D．until
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 C　考查状语从句。句意：因为交通阻塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句，正确答案为C。本题容易和强调句型混淆。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
七、还原题干结构，回归基本句型
通过改变原有句子的结构来增加单选题的难度，是命题者用常用的一种手段。解答这类试题，可采用“还原法”，即将改变后的句子还原为本来的面目。如：通过把结构复杂的题干转换成我们所熟悉的基本句型，就能打破思维定势，挖掘出题目的核心、考点，从而快速找到正确答案。具体方法如下：
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
1．把主从复合句还原为两个简单句；
2．把疑问句还原为陈述句；
3．把强调句结构还原为普通句式结构；
4．把倒装结构还原为正常结构；
5．把省略句补充完整；
6．把被动结构还原为主动结构等。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2008·福建] By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ________ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A．of which B．on which
C．from which D．above which
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 D　考查定语从句的连词。将定语从句部分还原为简单句应该是这样的：a rare rainbow soon appeared above the top of Mount Qomolangma，罕见的彩虹出现在珠穆朗玛峰之巅。由此判断这里定语从句的连接词“介词＋which”结构中用above。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【举一反三】 (　　)Is this the farm ________ you visited last week
A．where B．the one
C．on which D．/
【解析】 D　命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
八、快速锁定“题眼”，轻松选择答案
“题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号，如：otherwise，but for, and 等具有提示作用的信息。一旦抓住了它们，就能准确把握命题者的意图，迅速找到突破口，从而找到正确答案。
此外，要坚持整理积累易错题，对错误进行思考、分析，找出原因，纠正错误，做到举一反三、触类旁通。
模块 1 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 (　　) [2009·福建] But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
【解析】 B　考查虚拟语气。由标志词But for可以看出，这里应该用虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，故句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might ＋ have done结构，故选B。
题型探究
模块 1 │ 题型探究
词汇试题考查的重点一般在动词、名词、形容词、副词和介词的词义辨析以及由这些词所构成的词组及短语上。考查的难点一般是在特定的语境下考查形近词、同义词或近义词辨析和常用词组等，可谓“小语境”的完形填空或者完形填空的“前奏曲”。 要求考生理解题干和语境的含义，从词义各不相同的选项中选出形式和含义都符合题干的选项。选项及其搭配中都有其固定的基本含义， 其中有些还具有多种含义。因此，我们在平时的复习备考中，要全面掌握《考试大纲》中规定的词汇及词组的含义及用法。
　探究点一　辨析型单项填空
模块 1 │ 题型探究
在解答该类型的题目时，要注意：
1．弄清楚四个词组或固定搭配的基本词义，以便与题干中的语境对号入座；
2．细读题干，明白语境，在缺词的情况下初步推断题干的大致含义；
3．将初步选定的词组或固定搭配代入题干，看其是否符合语法和逻辑，如果符合，则是正确答案；
4．注意词组和固定搭配的完整性，不可望文生义。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　) [2010·江苏] —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You ________ have it by Friday.
A．could B．shall C．must D．may
【解析】 B　考查情态动词辨析。shall在主语为第二人称的句子中表示允诺，还可以表示强制、命令、威胁、警告，以及在法律条文中的要求或规定。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【归纳拓展】 从近几年的高考题来看，情态动词的特殊含义是考生失分较多的题目，比如，上一题中shall的用法。再如must，除了我们常见的意思“必须；一定”外，还可以表示与说话人相反的愿望或语气不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。注意：近几年must表示“偏偏，偏要”这一用法已成为高考的一个热点。如：John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour
此外，would还可以表示过去反复发生的动作或行为，意为“总是，习惯于”。 如：When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　) [2010·浙江] The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
【解析】 A　 考查词语辨析。由many之前的逗号和选项特征可知，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【变式训练】 (　　)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, and many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
【解析】 C　由many之前的and可以看出，这是两个并列的分句，代替前一个分句的nearly 1,000 people，所以要用them。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
有的单项填空题的题干比较复杂，有的为正确答案提供的关键点或暗示不明显；有的题干与选项之间的关系含糊不清、模棱两可。该类型的题目就应该通过逻辑推理来找出正确答案。这类试题旨在考查考生分析和解决问题的能力， 以及明辨事理、逻辑推断的能力。
　探究点二　逻辑推理型单项填空
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例】 (　　) [2010·陕西] ________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．Seen B．Seeing
C．Having seen D．To see
【解析】 A　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，它和动词see构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，选A。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
从近几年的高考试题来看，这类试题主要考查学生对基础语法知识的掌握情况和基本运用能力，包括对各种从句的辨认和使用能力，对各种句型的识别和运用能力，对基本时态在特定语境中的运用能力，对非谓语动词的基本性能和特定用法的掌握和使用，以及对各种习惯搭配的含义和用法的综合把握和使用能力等。事实上，“语法结构类”试题往往仍被置于一定的语境中来考查，要求考生对语言的把握要准确、透彻，解题过程中要领会语境中的内涵。
　探究点三　语法结构型单项填空
模块 1 │ 题型探究
解此类题时，要注意题干中的省略现象、插入成分以及倒装现象等，防止解此类题时与常规的命题等量齐观，用常规的办法解答非常规的试题，即克服思维定势的负面影响，应该在明确属于哪类现象后，分别采用补全法、排除法和还原法等手段进行处理。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　) [2010·山东] Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A．would save B．saves
C．had saved D．has saved
【解析】 D　考查动词的时态。句意应为“到现在为止，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now“到现在为止”，是现在完成时态的标志。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　) [2010·北京] —The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.
A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t die
C．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 D　考查虚拟语气中对过去发生事情的虚拟。第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。“要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就会好得多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”过去没有下雨，所以蔬菜死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原，则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn’t have died.
【归纳拓展】 对过去发生事情的虚拟句：If ＋ had done，主语＋couldn’t/shouldn’t/wouldn’t have done.
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 (　　) [2010·上海] I had great difficulty ________ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
【解析】 D　考查句式结构。这里考查的是一个固定句式：have difficulty (in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。故选D。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
高考单项填空比较注重对语言交际能力的考查。此类试题通常以对话形式，考查学生对某个语境的理解和反应能力，所包含的通常都是日常生活中常用的， 而且多是课本中所学过的情境， 当然有时也不排除个别较为灵活的会话内容，如问候、介绍、祝愿、邀请、道歉、建议、购物、问路、打电话、看病、就餐等。要求考生须对西方文化和风俗习惯有所了解和把握，切忌选择“中文式”的交际选项。
　探究点四　情景交际型单项填空
模块 1 │ 题型探究
答题时，以下几点值得注意：
1．要重视语境理解， 然后根据选项和语境之间的逻辑关系推出答案。
2．答题时一定要把说话双方的内容完整地结合起来理解， 切忌望文生义， 或者断章取义。
3．有的题干或选项可能会采用省略现象， 必须先弄清楚被省略的成分后再选答案。
4．有的口语说法完全来源于英语国家人们的语言习惯，是约定俗成的。做这样的题一定要根据英语国家人们的语言表达习惯来答题。不要受中文语言习惯的干扰。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 (　　) [2010·天津] —Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me
—Sure. ________？
A．What help B．What is this
C．What is it D．What do you want
【解析】 C　考查交际用语。句意：“劳驾，你能帮帮我吗？”“好的，什么事？”第一个人询问是否可以帮忙，从第二个人的回答Sure可以知道他愿意，所以接着应该问具体是什么事，用What is it？表示 “什么事？”
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 (　　) [2010·江苏] —I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.
—Why not consult with Frank You see, ________.
A．great minds think alike
B．two heads are better than one
C．a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
D．it’s better to think twice before doing something
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 B　本题考查谚语。 答语的前半部分意为：为什么不向Frank咨询一下呢？由此可以看出：所选的句子应该是对为什么这样做的解释，由此可以看出， B项所说的“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”符合语境。 A 意为“英雄所见略同”；C项意为“一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林”；D项意为“三思而后行”。
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 (　　) [2010·山东] —Her father is very rich.
—________ She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
A．What for B．So what
C．No doubt. D．No wonder.
模块 1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 B　考查交际英语在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“她父亲非常富裕。”“那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。”表示“那又怎么样？”用“So what？” What for表示“为了什么”；No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”；No wonder 表示“毫不奇怪”。
专题 一 名词与冠词
专题一 │ 名词与冠词
专题导读
专题 一│ 专题导读
名词主要考查名词词义辨析、名词的数及“可数”与“不可数”、名词与其他词组成固定搭配、冠词的语意和规则。为了增加知识覆盖面和试题的难度，冠词题经常设两个空。从近几年命题来看有重语意表达轻规则记忆的特点，提高了对学生语境理解的要求。复习时应关注冠词使用的一些特定的场合，解题时要注意从情景语意入手，合理使用规则。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)1. [2010·安徽] I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A．hearing　　　　　　B．strength
C．recognition D．measure
C　考查介词与名词搭配。句意为：“Sara是小孩子的时候我见过，后来就没见过她，她变得让人认不出来了”。 beyond recognition变得认不出来；beyond measure非常，极其。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　 (　　)2. [2010·江西] Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number
C．amount D．quantity
A　考查名词词义辨析。此处表示“平均每年40000人(拿到驾照)”。average平均；number数字；amount 数量；quantity数量。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)3. [2010·山东] Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
A　relief表示“用药后病情的缓解”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)4. [2010·湖北] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
C　考查名词词义辨析。range名词，这里表示“一系列”。例如：The library has ranges of books in perfect order.这个图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。这里表示食物种类繁多。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)5. [2010·浙江] The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct ________.
A．solution B．target
C．measure D．function
A　本题考查名词。根据句意：学校的咨询师会帮助你讨论你的问题，但是他们不会给直接的解决办法(solution)。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)6. [2010·福建] It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/; a B．a; /
C．the; a D．a; the
B　句意为：“去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一种非常好的感觉。”feeling，“感觉”，可数名词，“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念，用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐，欢乐”，不可数名词，故用零冠词。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)7. [2010·山东] If we sit near ________ front of the bus, we’ll have ________ better view.
A．/; the B．/; a
C．the; a D．the; the
C　根据句意可知我们坐在公共汽车内部的前面，所以应用the front of；短语have a view表示“观看，眺望”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)8. [2010·江苏] The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu.
A．/; a B．/; the
C．the; a D．the; the
A　本题考查冠词辨析。people from all walks of life 是固定短语，表示“各行各业的人们”，表泛指，故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰，且表示“一”的概念，故用不定冠词。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)9. [2010·辽宁] There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ________ earth.
A．the; the B．/; the
C．the; / D．a; the
B　考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词；第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58000的岩状物体，其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　(　　)10. [2010·北京] First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a; the B．the; the
C．a; a D．the; a
C　本题考查冠词。第一空表示“再一次，又一次”，序数词在此不表示顺序，其前用不定冠词a/an；第二空表示“一次第一印象”，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　(　　)1.The theme of Expo 2010 was “Better City, Better Life”， representing ________ common wish of the whole humankind for ________ better living in future urban environments.
A．the; a B．a; a
C．/; the D．the; /
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 A　考查冠词的用法。句意为：2010年世博会的主题是： Better City, Better Life，描绘了人们对于未来一种更美好的城市生活环境的共同愿望。第一空后面的介词短语of the whole humankind 是定语，因此前面的common wish是特指，用定冠词；第二空指“一种更好的生活”，表泛指，用不定冠词。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)2.Nowadays it is difficult for people to find ________ work because ________ economic situation in world is very serious.
A．/; an B．/; the
C．the; the D．a; /
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 B　考查冠词的用法。work是不可数名词，表泛指，所以第一空不用冠词；第二空特指“世界经济形势”，故用定冠词the。句意为：因为严峻的经济形势，现在人们找工作已经很困难了。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)3.In 2008，I went to South Africa. When I first set foot on________ strange land, I didn’t know what the future had in ________store for me.
A．the; / B．the; the
C．/; a D．the; a
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 A　考查冠词。the strange land指代South Africa；have sth in store for sb意为“即将发生在某人身上；有……等着某人”。句意为：2008年我来到了南非。当我第一次踏上这块神奇的土地时，我不知道等待我的是什么。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)4.—Anyone in mind for this position What about Jack
—He may be a good friend，but business is business.He is not ________ man for ________ job.
A．a; a B．the; the
C．a; the D．the; a
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 C　考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指的概念，因此用不定冠词；第二空是特指“这份工作”，用定冠词。故答案是C。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)5.A new research suggests cutting ________ global warming pollution would not only make ________ planet healthier, but also make people healthier.
A．the; a B．/; /
C．/; the D．the; the
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 C　考查冠词的用法。global warming pollution是泛指概念，不用冠词；the planet特指地球，用定冠词。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)6.Now an increasing number of middle school students go abroad for further study at their own ________， trying hard to realize their dreams.
A．price B．cost
C．expense D．pay
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 C　考查固定搭配。at one’s expense意为“由某人支付费用”。句意为：现在，越来越多的中学生自费出国深造，努力实现他们的梦想。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)7.Nowadays, many people walk to work in ________ to the Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
A．relation B．response
C．addition D．opposition
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 B　考查名词辨析。in response to对……作出反应，响应。句意为：现在，许多人步行上班来响应哥本哈根会议的呼吁，即过低碳生活以应对全球变暖。relation联系； addition增添，添加；opposition反对。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)8.Seeing the happy ________of children playing together there, I’ll full of joy and hope for the future of our country.
A．scene B．sign
C．sense D．view
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A　考查名词辨析。scene 意为“场面，场景”。句意为：看到孩子们在一块玩耍的场景，我满怀喜悦，憧憬着我们国家美好的未来。sign意为“标记，符号”； sense意为“感觉”； view意为“观点，风景”，均不符合语境。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)9.Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn’t have ________ to immediate rescue.
A．access B．admission
C．approach D．attention
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 A　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：许多人在海地地震中丧生了，因为他们没法得到及时的援助。have access to表示“有机会获得”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (　　)10.A new study shows that if your friends and family get fat, ________are that you will too.
A．situations B．facts
C．chances D．possibilities
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 C　考查名词辨析。该题要利用固定搭配确定答案。chances are that…为固定搭配，意为“可能……”。句意为：一项新的研究表明，如果你的朋友和家人变胖，你也可能变胖。
专题二 │ 代词
专题二　代词
专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
代词考点主要集中在替代词、指示代词和不定代词的掌握上。在复习中要注意熟练掌握one/ones; that/those; 以any/every/no 开头的不定代词的运用，尤其是这些不定代词的特殊用法。同时还要注意it的用法：it除了作代词外，还可构成强调句结构；有时，考查它在特定句型中作形式主语、形式宾语的用法。所以对it的用法必须全面掌握。
真题再现
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·福建] When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ________ for me
A．everything　　　　　B．anything
C．something D．nothing
C　考查代词。根据句意：“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？”something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·江西] Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
C　考查不定代词用法。句意：没有什么东西能像游泳一样可以作为一种健身方式。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age.
A．it　　B．that　　C．what　　D．one
D　代词one表示泛指(a/an ＋n.)，代词that表示特指(the ＋n.)，本题代词one表示a habit。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·陕西] The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
A．that B．this C．it D．one
A　本题考查代词。that 被用来替代 the cost of renting a house。在英语中，that 被用来替代同一类事物。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·上海] If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ________.
A．themselves B．them
C．us D．ourselves
D　本题考查反身代词。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。depend on oneself自力更生。根据句意选D。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·四川] On my desk is a photo that my father took of ________ when I was a baby.
A．him B．his C．me D．mine
C　考查代词词义辨析。作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·浙江] ________ that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A．One B．All
C．Everything D．Anything
B　本题考查代词。根据句意：所有(all)重要的是你尽力了而且朝着正确的方向前进。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·重庆] He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________of them again.
A．neither B．either C．each D．all
B　考查代词词义辨析。这里用never…either表示“两者都不”，相当于…and found neither of them again.
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·安徽] You are the team star! Working with ________is really your cup of tea.
A．both B．either C．others D．the other
C　考查代词用法。 sb’s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他的”，后不接名词。
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that C．one D．it
D　考查代词用法辨析。it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.I haven’t read ________ of the articles carefully, but I find that there is a striking similarity between them.
A．each B．either C．any D．all
B　考查代词。根据but和between them可判断，“我”两篇文章都没有认真阅读。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.—How much salt did you put in the soup
—________. I’m terribly sorry that I forgot.
A．Nothing B．None C．Little D．No
B　考查代词的用法。以how much或how many开头的特殊疑问句的否定回答，一般用none，表示“一点儿(一个)也没有”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Have you got any books on English grammar I’d like to borrow ________.
—Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.
A．it B．one C．some D．any
B　考查不定代词。由答语中的it得知所借的书为一本。句意为“您有英语语法书吗？我想借一本。”选one，相当于a book。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.—Which share shall I take
—You can take ________half. They are exactly the same.
A．this B．any C．each D．either
D　考查不定代词。从half可知是两半，意思是“你可以拿任意一半”，用either。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—Some people often shout at each other in public.
—Yes.I really hate ________.
A．that B．them C．this D．it
D　考查代词的用法。这里it指的是上一句所说的some people often shout at each other in public这一现象，所以要用it。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ sold to his brother.
A．one B．another C．the one D．which
C　考查代词的用法。the one和only one painting是同位关系，后面的sold是过去分词作定语表被动。据说梵·高一生中只成功地卖出了一幅画，就是卖给他兄弟的那幅。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但后空后缺少谓语，排除D项。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.It is said that Van Gogh succeeded in selling only one painting in his lifetime, ________ was sold to his brother.
A．one B．another C．the one D．which
D　考查代词的用法。注意该题和上一题只有一个单词的差别，但是答案却相差千里。这里引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替指物的先行词，并在从句中作主语，所以用which。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.His advertisement income this year is about $36 million, over three times ________of last year.
A．that B．what C．those D．ones
A　考查that作代词的用法。句中是将今年的广告收入和去年的广告收入作对比，that指advertisement income。句子意思为“他今年的广告收入是3600万美元，是去年的三倍。”
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Do you know what people are saying about you
—Of course I know. But ________ is true, and I don’t care.
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．none
D　表示没有上文中提到的人或物，用none。 本题none指代none of what people are saying about me。
专题 三 形容词与副词
专题三│ 形容词与副词
专题导读
专题三 │ 专题导读
形容词、副词的考查主要集中在比较级、在具体的语境中形容词和副词的词义辨析、表语形容词问题以及习惯搭配问题。此外，语用结构比较特殊情况的考查也日臻热化。
真题再现
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·湖北] In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.
A．private B.personal
C.unique D.different
专题三 │ 真题再现
B　考查形容词词义辨析。从语境上理解是表示“给予个人的(personal)观点”。private表示“私人的”，unique表示“独一无二”，different表示“不同的”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·江西] Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ________and more ________， have reduced the need for face to face communications.
A．easily; efficient B．easier; efficient
C．easy; efficiently D．easily; efficiently
专题三 │ 真题再现
B　考查形容词用法。使役动词make后接形容词作宾语补足语，此处意为“计算机和手机使得我们的生活更轻松、更高效”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth C．flexible D．complex
C　根据句意“制定灵活的(flexible)计划以便照料孩子”可知选C。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·上海] It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ________journey.
A．three hour B．a three hours
C．a three hour D．three hours
C　此题考查复合形容词“数词＋连字符＋名词”的用法。连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。此处意为“三个小时的路程”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·安徽] ________， she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A．Shy and cautious
B．Sensitive and thoughtful
C．Honest and confident
D．Lighthearted and optimistic
专题三 │ 真题再现
D　形容词短语作状语，表示原因，相当于Since/As she is lighthearted and optimistic。句意为：她心胸豁达、乐观，总是通过微笑把阳光传给人们。 形容词短语可以在句中作状语，表示原因，放在句首；表示伴随情况，放在句后。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·福建] —Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.
A．naturally B．successfully
C．splendidly D．increasingly
D　考查副词辨析。根据第一句句意：志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎，可知D项正确。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·辽宁] Jim went to answer the phone.________， Harry started to prepare lunch.
A．However B．Nevertheless
C．Besides D．Meanwhile
D　考查副词用法。前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。句意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·湖北] Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A．favourable B．precious
C．essential D．worthwhile
专题三 │ 真题再现
D 　考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意“错误不是偶然发生的，它是由于某个原因才发生的，找到这个原因，使犯错误变得有价值”。favourable表示“赞成的，有利的”；precious表示“珍贵”；essential表示“必要的”；worthwhile值得的。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·全国Ⅱ] Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________.
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
B　考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级，表示“没有比……更……的”。
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·浙江] I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ________and more reliable than television.
A．accurate B．ridiculous
C．urgent D．shallow
A　本题考查形容词。根据and提示，可知此空应该是和reliable一样的表示褒义的形容词，由此可知答案为A：精确的。
专题预测
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.The Expo site was ________ from anywhere in the city of Shanghai within 90 minutes by buses, subways or special taxis.
A．adoptable B．acceptable
C．available D．accessible
专题三 │ 专题预测
D　考查形容词词义辨析。accessible容易到达的，可进入的。句意为：无论乘公共汽车、地铁或世博会专属出租车，从上海的任何地方90分钟内都可以到达世博会。adoptable可采用的，可收养的；acceptable可接受的；available可用的，可获得的。根据语意可知D项正确。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.From chips in fast restaurants to candy in supermarkets, junk food always seems ________.
A．abrupt B．absurd
C．available D．absent
C　考查形容词词义辨析。available可得到的，能买到的。句意为：从快餐店的炸薯条到超市的糖果，垃圾食品似乎总能买得到。故C项正确。abrupt意外的，突然的；absurd荒唐的，可笑的；absent缺席的。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Going to work today, Brenda
—No. It’s my day ________ today.
A．out B．in C．away D．off
D　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：“Brenda，今天去上班吗？”“不，我今天休息。”由第二句中的No可以得知，说话人今天不上班，所以选off。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.No ready technical data was _____，but we managed to go without.
A．believable B．convenient
C．available D．accessible
C　考查形容词辨析。believable可相信的；convenient方便的；available可找到的，可获得的；accessible可接近的，可使用的，其用法为sth be accessible to sb。句意为：虽然没有现成的资料，但是我们仍然努力去做。故选C项。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.We tend to travel with a material understanding of happiness— ________， the better the surroundings, the weather and the food are, the happier we will be.
A．what’s more B．as usual
C．in fact D．that is
专题三 │ 专题预测
D　考查短语辨析。语意：我们总是带着对幸福的物质理解去旅行，也就是说：环境、天气和食物越好，我们就越幸福。 that is意为“也就是，即”，符合语意。what’s more“另外，而且”；as usual“像往常一样”；in fact“事实上”。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.—The test was hard
—Exactly. It was so hard that I ________ failed.
A．almost B．most
C．mostly D．hardly
A　考查副词的用法。almost表示“几乎”的意思；在否定句中常用hardly。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Although this movie is based on past events, it is not ________ accurate.
A．currently B．perfectly
C．historically D．extremely
C　考查副词辨析。句意为：虽然这部电影以过去事件为基础，却不完全符合历史事实。historically“历史上，历史地”，符合语意。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.________ limited to researchers at universities and government departments, the Internet has now become worldwide network available to users all over the world.
A．Practically B．Originally
C．Specifically D．Generally
B　考查副词辨析。对比句子中的时间可知，此处应当说明因特网刚刚开始时的情况，因此用originally“原来，起初”，符合逻辑。
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Now that you like the MP5 players very much, why don’t you get one
—Well. I’d like to, but I can’t afford ________MP5 player at present.
A．a such expensive B．that expensive an
C．that an expensive D．so cheap an
专题三 │ 专题预测
B　考查that的特殊用法。that作副词用时，意思和用法与so 相同，所以当that和冠词、形容词一起放在名词前时，其结构应该是“that＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词”。
专题四 │ 动词与动词短语
专题四　动词与动词短语
专题导读
专题四 │ 专题导读
动词与动词短语的考查主要集中在一些活跃的动词与副词构成的短语意义的掌握上，复习时应充分关注 take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in 等副词组合成的短语词义的复习。动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的掌握上，要求学生熟练掌握一些高频动词的词义和搭配。此外，从近几年新课标地区的试题情况来看，动词与动词短语的熟词新义在具体语境中的运用也应高度重视。
真题再现
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·天津] He telephoned the travel agency to ________ three air tickets to London.
A．order　　　B．arrange
C．take D．book
D　考查动词辨析。 book 或reserve表示“预定”的意思。“订票”为book tickets。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.[2010·辽宁] The new movie______to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.
A．promises B．agrees
C．pretends D．declines
专题四 │ 真题再现
A　考查动词词义辨析。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，赞同”；pretend是“假装”；decline是“减少，衰退”。只有promises符合题意。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·山东] Your house is always so neat—how do you ________ it with three children
A．manage B．serve
C．adapt D．construct
A　根据句意“有三个孩子(捣乱)，你怎么能把家整理得如此好？”可知选A。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·福建] —In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two ________.
A．linked B．related
C．connected D．combined
专题四 │ 真题再现
D　考查动词辨析。第二句意思为：“我非常赞同。让这两件事情相结合是非常好的。”have sth. done.意为“使某事被做”。linked“相联系的”；related“有关的”；connected“相连接的”；combined“使结合，联合”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·湖北] Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ________ his personality.
A．resembles B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
专题四 │ 真题再现
C　考查动词词义辨析。句意“由一个人的穿着、饮食、交友以及住房可以反映一个人的个性”。 resemble “像”；strengthen “加强”；reflect“反映”；shape表示“形成”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·安徽] —How did you like Nick’s performance last night
—To be honest, his singing didn’t ________ to me much.
A．appeal B．belong
C．refer D．occur
专题四 │ 真题再现
A　考查动词词义以及与介词的搭配。句意为：“你认为昨晚Nick的演出怎么样？”“说实话，他的演唱不能吸引我。” appeal to有吸引力，引起兴趣；belong to属于；refer to指，谈及，涉及；occur to发生。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·江西] Parents ________ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
A　考查动词词义辨析。attach importance to是固定搭配，表示“重视；看重”。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·江苏] The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A．found out B．pointed out
C．ruled out D．carried out
专题四 │ 真题再现
C　本题考查动词短语辨析。find out表示“查明、发现”；point out表示“指出”；carry out表示“执行”，均不符合语境，故排除。rule out表示“排除(可能性)”，符合语境。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·辽宁] Thousands of people ________ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
专题四 │ 真题再现
D　考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“出席，在场”的意思；而turn on 则是“打开”；turn in有“上床睡觉， 上缴，向内拐”等意思；turn around是“转身，翻转”的意思。故只有turn out 符合语境。
专题四 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·浙江] After that, he knew he could ________ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with
C．get through D．get across
专题四 │ 真题再现
C　本题考查动词词组辨析。根据句意：之后，他知道他能度过(get through)任何危机。A，携带……而逃；B，与……友好相处，继续干；D，使……被理解，均不符合语境，故排除。
专题预测
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.—Oh, my dear, why did you eat so little
—If I gain any more weight, I shan’t be able to ________ my clothes.
A．mix with B．go with
C．fit into D．get along
专题四 │ 专题预测
C　考查动词短语。句意为：假如我的体重还要增加，我就穿不进我的衣服了。fit强调形状和尺寸适合，合身，符合题意。mix with“混合，掺和，融合”；go with“接受，相配”；get along “相处，进行”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Now many university students are modelled on the Western lifestyle, choosing high calories fast food, which ________ diabetes(糖尿病) rising among them.
A．results from B．accounts for
C．calls for D．arises from
专题四 │ 专题预测
B　考查动词短语辨析。result from“由……引起”；account for“解释，是……的原因”；call for“需要”；arise from“由……引起”。diabetes rising among them(大学生患糖尿病的人数上升)是结果，所以选B。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Hi，Lucy. Could you ________ the clothes here while we are swimming
—With pleasure.
A．watch over B．watch out
C．look over D．look out
A　考查动词短语辨析。watch over照看。句意为：打扰一下，在我们游泳的时候您能帮我们照看一下衣服吗？watch out小心；look over仔细检查；look out小心。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.I don’t know where my children have ________ those rude words.
A．picked up B．taken up
C．put up D．made up
A　考查动词短语辨析。pick up在这里表示“无意中学会”。句意为：我不知道我的孩子们在哪儿学来的那些粗话。 take up开始从事； put up举起，搭起；make up虚构，编造。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.—What field will your son go into after graduation from Tsinghua University
—I’m not quite certain, but he ________ a good teacher of English.
A．promises B．becomes
C．makes D．proves
专题四 │ 专题预测
A　考查动词词义辨析。promise表示“很可能/有希望(成为)”。 句意为：“你儿子清华大学毕业后要进入哪个行业？”“我也不太确定，但是他有望成为一名好的英语教师。”become表示“变成，成为”；make表示“成为”；prove表示“证明”。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.In view of all sorts of rumors and guesses, experts carried out some careful and scientific research and ________ the possibility of a second earthquake in this area.
A．blamed B．discounted
C．attended D．charged
专题四 │ 专题预测
B　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：考虑到各种谣言和猜疑，专家们进行了认真、科学的调查，并且否定了在这个地区再一次发生地震的可能性。blame谴责； discount折扣，否认； attend参加； charge管理，负责，要价，控告。所以本题选择B项合适。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiment, you should ________ your findings in logical order and clear language.
A．write B．raise
C．present D．put
专题四 │ 专题预测
C　考查动词词义辨析。C项意为“呈现”。句意为：在实验科学报告的准备中，你应该把你的发现用清楚的语言和合乎逻辑的顺序呈现出来。A项意为“写”；B项意为“升起，使出现”；D项意为“放”，均不符合语境。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Though there were too many people in the waiting room, I had no difficulty ________ my friend, Jane, a pretty model.
A．making up B．picking out
C．setting out D．picking up
专题四 │ 专题预测
B　考查动词短语辨析。B项意为“分辨出，辨认出”，符合题意。句意为：尽管等候室里有很多人，我仍然毫不费力地认出了我的朋友珍妮，一位漂亮的模特。A项意为“弥补，虚构”；C项意为“开始，启程”；D项意为“捡起，偶然获得”，均不符合语境。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.Stella was disappointed to find her new plan ________and fell into great depression.
A．put away B．carried out
C．turned down D．left out
C　本题考查动词短语辨析。从后面的depression看出，她的新计划应该是失败了或遇到挫折，所以选turned down。句意为：Stella很失望地发现她的新计划被拒绝了，感到很失落。
专题四 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.The teacher just outlined his main idea，for these bright children were quick to ________.
A．catch on B．go ahead
C．make up D．find out
专题四 │ 专题预测
A　考查动词短语辨析。catch on 意思是“理解”。句意为：老师只说了大意，因为这些聪明的孩子很快就理解了。go ahead继续；make up虚构，编造，弥补；find out 找出，查明。
专题五 │ 连词与介词
专题五　连词与介词
专题导读
专题五 │ 专题导读
连词的考查主要集中在简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查上，主要是对连词的选择与使用上，如：and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。除了要熟记各种特定句型外，牢记各种连接词和关联词的用法就显得更为重要。解题时应从上下句的逻辑关系入手。介词是英语语言中最活跃的词类，其内容复杂，搭配繁多，用法灵活。每一个介词都可以用来表达多种不同的含义，而且又无规律可循。因此，掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。复习时应注意如下几点：1.介词或介词短语词义辨析；2.意义相同或相近，但使用范围不同的介词； 3.介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。
真题再现
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·上海] Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree lined avenue for two hours every day.
A．between　B．along 　C．below　D．with
B　考查介词的用法。根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯”。表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·天津] My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A．by B．on C．for D．against
D　考查介词。warn sb.of/against sth.表示警告某人某事要/不要干某事。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·浙江] I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
C　本题考查介词短语。根据句意：我想我们之前谈论过这个的，但是保不准(just in case, 以防万一)我还会再问的。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·福建] More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
C　考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，城市中已经建造了越来越多的高层建筑。”in search of“寻找……”；in place of“代替，替代”；for lack of意为“因……缺乏，短缺”；for fear of“担心，害怕”。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·湖北] It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A．in preference to B．in place of
C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
专题五 │ 真题再现
D　考查介词短语辨析。根据句意“对公务员来说，以给人们好处来索要礼物或金钱是违法的”，in exchange for在这里表示“交换”。in preference to “而不是”；in place of “代替”；in agreement with“符合，一致”。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·四川] Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
A．in B．below C．beside D．against
D　考查介词词义辨析。背靠着树睡着了，against表示“倚，靠”。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·江苏] So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from
C．out of D．due to
专题五 │ 真题再现
B　本题考查介词短语。far from意为“远未， 绝非， 决不”，其后可接名词、动名词、形容词等。短语next to(在……旁边、仅次于)、out of(在……之外)、due to(由于、因为)，后经常跟名词、代词或动名词，且意思也均不符合语境，故排除。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·北京] Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden They are ________ everyone’s enjoyment.
A．in B．at C．for D．to
C　本题考查介词。根据句子意思“这些花是让每个人欣赏的”，可知用for表示目的。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·重庆] The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ________ me.
A．by B．for C．in D．with
D　考查介词词义辨析。介词with在这里表示“随身携带”。本句表示身上带的钱不够买词典。
专题五 │ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·江西] Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.
A．of B．as C．by D．with
C　考查介词习惯用法。by name按名字叫。句意：现在一些医院提到病人叫名字而不是病例号。
专题预测
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Unable to work at a steady job ______a terminal illness, he decided to volunteer at the local children center.
A．at the cost of B．as a result of
C．in case of D．at the risk of
专题五 │ 专题预测
B　考查介词短语辨析。a terminal illness是构成不能做稳定工作的原因，故用as a result of“由于……”。句意为：因为患不治之症，他不能做稳定的工作，所以决定在当地儿童中心做志愿工作。at the cost of“以……为代价”；in case of“假使，万一”；at the risk of“冒着……的危险”。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Jack has only been working for three months, so, ________ experience, he will have difficulty finishing the task alone.
A．in sight of B．instead of
C．for lack of D．ahead of
专题五 │ 专题预测
C　考查介词短语辨析。 for lack of“因缺乏……”。句意为：杰克才开始工作了三个月，经验尚不足，所以让他独立完成这项任务是有困难的。in sight of“看见”； instead of“代替”； ahead of “在……前面”。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.Don’t give up regardless of difficulty and failure ________ you’ll never achieve your goals.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
C　考查连词。祈使句＋and(那么)/or(否则)，注意后面的句子通常是一般将来时。句意为：无论困难还是失败你都不能放弃，否则你就永远实现不了目标。故选C。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.The emission of carbon dioxide has been greatly cut ________ the efforts made by the local government.
A．in spite of B．on account of
C．regardless of D．in terms of
B　考查介词短语。on account of由于，因为。由于当地政府的努力，二氧化碳的排放减少了许多。in spite of不管，尽管；regardless of不管，不顾；in terms of就……而言。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.________ these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.
A．Except for B．Apart from
C．But for D．Other than
C　考查介词短语。but for意思是“如果没有，要不是……”，该短语用于虚拟语气。except for“除……之外”；apart from“除……之外”；other than“除……之外”。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.My grandfather’s small garden is full of blossoming flowers in spring, which are beautiful ________ words.
A．beyond B．within C．without D．over
A　考查介词。beyond words无法用语言形容。句意为：在春天我爷爷的小花园里鲜花盛开，美景难以用语言描绘。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.Outwardly, she seemed confident but ________ she felt extremely nervous.
A．in turn B．in return
C．in reality D．in time
C　考查介词短语。句意为：表面上看她很自信，事实上她极度紧张。in reality “事实上”，符合语意。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.Though she has met with many difficulties, she still sticks ________ the research aimed ________ protecting wild birds.
A．in; to B．out; at
C．on; in D．with; at
专题五 │ 专题预测
D　考查介词。 stick with持续，坚持；(be)aimed at意为“目的是……”，是过去分词短语作定语，修饰research。句意为：尽管她遇到了很多困难，但她仍然坚持保护野生鸟类的研究。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.You can’t borrow books from the school library ________ you get your student card.
A．before B．if C．while D．as
A　考查连词。根据语境应该是“在……之前”。句意为：在没有办好学生证前，你是不能在学校图书馆借阅图书的。
专题五 │ 专题预测
(　　)10.Putting the worries out of her mind，Mary turned her efforts ________ the evening meal.
A．toward B．beyond
C．off D．inside
A　考查介词。turn to/toward是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)转向……”。符合句意。
专题六 │ 非谓语动词
专题六　非谓语动词
专题导读
专题六 │ 专题导读
非谓语动词是高中英语学习的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点。不仅单项填空中，而且许多主观题中都经常出现。命题热点多集中在一些常用动词及特殊动词后的非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及动词的 ing形式)，非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立主格结构的使用，以及非谓语动词作状语时与逻辑主语一致性原则。解题过程中要紧紧把握谓语动词和其逻辑主语的主被动关系以及时间先后，来确定非谓语动词的形式。
真题再现
专题六 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·上海] Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________with her stories.
A．amused　　　　　B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
A　本题考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb/sth＋done。根据句意，sb与它后面的动词构成被动关系，故选A。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·安徽] He had a wonderful childhood, ________with his mother to all corners of the world.
A．travel B．to travel
C．traveled D．traveling
D　考查非谓语动词。句意为：他有着美好的童年，跟母亲到过世界各地。He与travel为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·湖南] Listen! Do you hear someone ________ for help
A．calling B．call
C．to call D．called
A　考查非谓语动词。该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·湖南] Dina，________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled
C．having struggled D．to struggle
C　考查非谓语动词。该空分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B。由句中的finally可知非谓语动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式，即选C。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·全国Ⅱ] Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising B．was surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
C　考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。从句的完整形式是Though he was surprised to see us。此处省略与主句一致的主语和be动词。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·江西] There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________.
A．to discover B．to be discovered
C．discovered D．being discovered
B　考查非谓语动词用法。waiting to be discovered表示“等待被发现”。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·山东] I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A．completing B．to complete
C．completed D．being completed
B　根据动词短语have sth. to do，且本句有时间状语the end of this term，所以选B。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·天津] It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
C
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·北京] I’m calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertising D．having advertised
A　本题考查分词作定语。中心词the position 和 advertise 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态；the position已经被登广告，故用过去分词。
专题六│ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·陕西] His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
B　本题考查分词作定语。根据His first book和publish之间构成动宾关系，排除C选项，根据时间next month只能选B。
专题预测
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)1.The theme park attracts many visitors every year, ________ in a great deal of money for the city.
A．brought　　　B．to bring
C．bringing D．and bringing
专题六│ 专题预测
C　考查非谓语动词。bring 与其逻辑主语the theme park是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。句意为：每年这个主题公园都吸引大量的参观者，为这个城市带来很大一笔收入。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)2.After suffering a heart attack, Michael Jackson was pronounced dead, ________ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A．to mark B．marking
C．marked D．having marked
专题六│ 专题预测
B　考查非谓语动词。句意为：心脏病发作后，迈克尔·杰克逊被宣告死亡，标志着世界上最受欢迎的流行歌星的悲惨结局。marking是现在分词作结果状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)3.—Mary, why do you look so worried
—With so much homework ________， I’m in a difficult situation.
A．finished B．remained to finish
C．being finished D．remaining to be finished
专题六│ 专题预测
D　考查非谓语动词的用法。由题干中“worried”，“a difficult situation”可以看出，答话者应该有很多作业要做，所以要选择D项。A项表示已经完成；B项finish语态错误；C项中的finish不能用于进行时。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)4.The Indian Ocean tsunami at the end of 2004 is believed ________ more than 160,000 people and made millions homeless, ________ it perhaps the most destroying tsunami in history.
A．to kill; making
B．having killed; to make
C．to have killed; making
D．killing; made
专题六│ 专题预测
C　考查非谓语动词的用法。由语境可知，kill已经结束，这里强调的是结果，所以应该用完成时形式；第二空作结果状语，和其逻辑主语是主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。句意为：发生在2004年的印度洋海啸被认为造成了16万人遇难，数百万人无家可归，成为了有史以来破坏性最强的海啸。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)5.Our school library is spread over 4 floors, with the first floor ________ as the reading room.
A．acted B．to act
C．acting D．to be acted
C　考查非谓语动词。此处是with构成的复合结构，其中名词 the first floor和动词act构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词acting。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)6.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ________ a room with others.
A．to share B．share
C．to have shared D．sharing
B　考查would rather…than的用法。would rather do sth than do sth为固定结构，意为“宁愿……而不……”，因此应该选择B项。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)7.________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A．Convinced B．Convincing
C．Having convinced D．To convince
A　考查非谓语动词。本句主语people和动词convince构成动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作原因状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)8.Is this fridge ________ you wish to have ________？
A．the one; it repaired
B．that; repaired it
C．the one; repaired
D．which; repaired it
专题六│ 专题预测
C　考查句式结构以及have sth done的用法。把原句变为陈述句就会发现后面的定语从句缺少先行词，所以第一空应该用the one，定语从句中省略了作宾语的引导词that/which，构成have sth done结构(即冰箱是被人修的)，故选C项。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)9.—Could you introduce me a high quality car
—My pleasure.________ well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.
A．Handled B．To handle
C．Handling D．Being handled
专题六│ 专题预测
C　考查非谓语动词的用法。空格前省略了逻辑主语this kind of car, handle well在这里是主动表被动，所以用现在分词形式作原因状语。
专题六│ 专题预测
(　　)10.The Person of the Year is not always a person. “The Chinese Worker” ranked the second on the list as the only group ________ last year.
A．to name B．named
C．naming D．names
B　考查非谓语动词。此处考查的是非谓语动词，group与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词named。
专题七│ 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题七　情态动词与虚拟语气
专题导读
专题七│ 专题导读
情态动词的一般用法以及特殊用法、表猜测的情态动词以及情态动词与完成时的运用是学生掌握的重点和难点。解题时要深刻体会说话者的情感态度，准确把握说话者的语气，结合情景做出合理判断。
虚拟语气的考点主要集中在：混合时间的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句以及在名词性从句中使用的虚拟语气。
真题再现
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)1. [2010·安徽] Jack described his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man.
A．would be　　B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
专题七│ 真题再现
D　考查情态动词。句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)2. [2010·天津] —John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A．should tell B．tells 　　
C．told　　 D．had told
D　虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。条件句用过去完成时表示。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)3. [2010·江苏] George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
B　本题考查虚拟语气。would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)4. [2010·山东] I ________ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t
C．couldn’t D．mustn’t
A　shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)”。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)5. [2010·天津] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn’t B．wouldn’t
C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
A　needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)6. [2010·北京] —Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You ________ be Mrs. Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
B　本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)7. [2010·湖南] If he ________ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A．followed B．should follow
C．had followed D．would follow
C　考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)8. [2010·全国Ⅰ] Just be patient.You ________expect the world to change so soon.
A．can’t B．needn’t
C．may not D．will not
A　考查情态动词的用法。can’t表示“不可能”，语气强烈。
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)9. [2010·江西] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will
A　考查情态动词用法辨析。句意为：我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？”
专题七│ 真题再现
(　　)10. [2010·辽宁] Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ________ be regular exercise.
A．can B．will C．must D．may
C　考查情态动词。can一般表示“可能，能够”；will表示“将要”；may表示“许可，可能”；must表示“必须”。句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。
专题预测
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)1.According to the new standards, design of electric bikes ________ weigh over 40kg and travel at a speed more than 20km per hour but less than 50km per hour.
A．can B．should C．may D．will
专题七│ 专题预测
B　考查情态动词。句意为：根据新标准，电动自行车的设计应该重达40多公斤，时速大于每小时20公里，但不超过每小时50公里。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)2.—Where is Tom I can’t find him. His mother is waiting for him outside.
—He ________the Internet in the computer classroom.
A．might have surfed
B．must have surfed
C．must surf
D．must be surfing
专题七│ 专题预测
D　考查情态动词的用法。由语境可知，答语中省略了时间状语now，由此可以看出，应选D项。句意为：他一定正在微机室上网。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)3.—How I regret to say that I ________have shouted at you the other day!
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A．mightn’t B．mustn’t
C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t
专题七│ 专题预测
D　由第一句话以及第二句话的“Forget it”可知，第一个人是在道歉，也就是说他后悔做了不该做的事情。shouldn’t have done sth表示“做了本不该做的事”，故选D。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)4.—I heard the phone ringing in the office next door.
—You ________ it. They haven’t got a phone yet.
A．couldn’t hear
B．couldn’t have heard
C．didn’t hear
D．wouldn’t have heard
专题七│ 专题预测
B　考查猜测的表达。由第一句的heard可以看出，这是对过去情况的猜测；既然“They haven’t got a phone yet”，那么听到电话声也就不可能了，所以要用couldn’t have done。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)5.—How long will it take you to fix my watch
—I’ll call you when it is ready, but it ________ take longer than a week.
A．mustn’t B．hadn’t
C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
专题七│ 专题预测
C　考查情态动词。句意为：修好后我就给你打电话，但是应该不会长于一周。shouldn’t“应该不会”，符合题意。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)6.To tell the truth, I would rather that I ________ the pain instead of you. You don’t know how worried I was.
A．took B．had taken
C．have taken D．should have taken
B　考查虚拟语气。句意为：说实话，我宁愿代替你的痛苦，你不知道我那时多担心。…would rather (that) ＋ 主语＋ had done…表示与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)7.—I ________ to your birthday party last Sunday.
—Unfortunately, you were out on business.
A．had come B．came
C．would come D．would have come
专题七│ 专题预测
D　考查虚拟语气。句意为：“上周日我本来会参加你的生日宴会的。”“不幸的是，你出差了。”would have done sth为虚拟语气，表示对过去本该发生却未发生的事情的推测，只有情态动词加完成时态才能表示对过去的推测。
专题七│ 专题预测
(　　)8.The general commanded that all of them ________ at six o’clock.
A．come B．could come
C．came D．would come
A　句意为：将军颁布了一道命令， 所有的人都要在六点钟到。这里是command引导的宾语从句，且从句谓(共118张PPT)
专题一　记叙文
专题二 说明文
专题三 其他文体
模块 6　阅读简答
模块 6　阅读简答
考纲解读
模块 6 │考纲解读
阅读简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用不超过所规定的词数要求，简要地回答有关文章内容的问题。旨在考查在阅读理解的基础上用英语进行书面表达的能力。具体地说，其能力测试的主要要求是：
1．阅读简答题是建立在阅读理解的基础上的，要准确地表达信息，首先需准确地理解信息，因此需要考生具有一定的阅读能力。具体地说，考生应能：
模块 6 │考纲解读
(1)能识别不同文体的特征；
(2)能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；
(3)理解主旨和要义；
(4)既能理解文中具体信息，又能理解文章深层次含义；
(5)根据上下文推断生词的词义；
(6)作出简单的推理和判断；
(7)理解文章的基本结构；
(8)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
模块 6 │考纲解读
2．简要回答问题，其实是对考生的英语表达能力和概括能力的考查。具体地说，考生应能：
(1)准确使用语法和词汇；
(2)根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；
(3)使用一定的句型和词汇，清楚、准确地叙述事情或表达观点和态度。
命题分析
模块 6 │ 命题分析
　　 分析历年高考阅读简答真题，可归纳出其命题特点为：
1．语篇特点：体裁多为说明文、议论文和应用文，也有记叙文。文章结构清楚，脉络清晰，易于把握。2007年高考英语湖南卷“阅读简答题”的语篇为新闻报道，主要报道关于北磁极移动的最新发现。文章第一段为全文主题段，指出北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向移动；下文接着分别介绍北磁极移动的原因、移动的速度及其影响。 2008年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇关于国
模块 6 │ 命题分析
际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。首段提出主题：每年元月，来自世界各地的14支队伍前来瑞士参加国际冰雕锦标赛。之后分别介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。2009年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇记叙文，文章首先简要介绍巧克力棒的发明者Milton S. Hershey在性格上令人敬畏的一面，而后通过“我爷爷”和Milton S. Hershey之间的一件事来体现Milton S. Hershey在性格上亲切和幽默的一面。2010年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题也为一篇记叙文，讲述圣诞节送礼物的故事，文章生动有趣，同样情节分明，易读易懂。
模块 6 │ 命题分析
　　2．选材特点：题材多为考生熟悉的日常话题和最新科技发现或发明，易于理解，文章简短，词数260～340不等，易于考生利用7分钟左右的时间答好此题。2007年湖南高考阅读简答题的语篇共265词，报道自然科学的最新发现——北磁极的移动；2008年阅读简答题的语篇共335词，介绍国际冰雕锦标赛；2009年阅读简答题的语篇共302字，叙述了一个体现Milton S. Hershey在性格上亲切和幽默的故事；2010年阅读简答题的语篇共300词，讲述感人的圣诞送礼故事。四篇选材均符合考生的认知特征和评判取向。
模块 6 │ 命题分析
　 3．设题特点：该题型原设三个小题，自2010年高考开始改设四个小题。为了考查考生获取与处理信息的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力，设问考查方向有四种，即：词汇语义题(要求从文中找到一个与所给生词意义最近的代换词，考查考生联系上下文理解词义的能力)；细节考查题(针对文章某细节内容提问，要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)；主旨大意题(针对文章主旨提问，一般询问大意中心思想及文章标题，同样要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)；逻辑推理题(针对文章内容要求考生经逻辑推理后，用不超过规定的词数回答问题)。四种题型在近四年湖南高考英语试题中的分布情况如下：
模块 6 │ 命题分析
应试点睛
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
　　一、答题要求
1．限制性与开放性：在答题内容上要紧扣问题，切中题意，但在组织语言上具有开放性，考生可用不同语句表达相同主题。
2．概括性与针对性：答题语句要针对题意高度概括，词数不得超过要求。可采用一些小技巧进行形式上的浓缩，比如，可利用缩写，将could not缩写为couldn’t；把两个词合成一个复合词，比如double worker；尽量用词或短语代替句子，尽量用简单句代替复合句等。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
3．完整性和正确性：回答问题的语句要完整、正确，要求用完整的简单句，但受词数限制，也可用省略句。
4．规范性和严谨性：答题要规范、严谨，避免语言错误。组织答案要认真细致，避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能利用原文中的关键词语回答问题。要避免语言形式错误，如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写，特别是回答问题时要注意首字母要大写。未完成句要注意全句结构是否一致。同时避免语法错误，要注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
二、答题步骤
1．浏览试题，画出试题关键词
通过读题，画出题目所需信息的关键词，一可预测文章内容，二便于在阅读文章时有的放矢查读有效信息，节省阅读时间。可结合四个小题所涉及的内容来预测文章内容，如此带着预测，再结合寻找问题关键词的目的去阅读课文，自然就显得容易而且使之有的放矢，提高了阅读效率。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
2．带着问题速读文章，根据试题关键词定位答题信息
在浏览试题，预测文章内容的基础上速读文章，其主要目的是为了找到答题所需信息，而所需信息肯定与试题关键词有关，故可采用“skim”阅读法，即：紧扣关键词，浏览全文，找出信息句。阅读时，与关键词无关的句子或段落要速读，而与关键词相关处要细读，因为试题关键词处不仅仅是答题的关键之处，也是揭示全文主题所在。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
3．推敲理解信息句，遣词组句答问题
做好阅读简答题此步是关键。因为受词数限制，不能全部用原用信息句作答，而要深层次地推敲理解信息句，提炼概括出有针对性的语句作答。其主要方法有三：一是采用转换词性、采用代词、单词代短语、语句转换、提炼主要信息舍弃次要信息等方法精简语句；二是用概括性的语句归纳信息句；三是采用文章上下文中的有关提示语或信息句中的关键词作答，即：尽量用短文中出现的词组或短语，句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先。若非要用自己的语言组织、表达不可时，则要注意句子结构的精炼、完整和时态的正确。
题型探究
模块 6 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　词汇语义题
词汇语义题目的在于考查考生转述(paraphrase)或解释(explain)某个词或短语在特定场合下的特定含义的能力。其出题方式为：Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”. 重点考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词或动词短语。回答该题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均要一致，如，要么都是动词，且都为动词过去式或动词现在分词形式；或要么都是名词，且都用名词复数形式。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
解题时，要找出原词在文章中的同义词或近义代换词，一要注意理解原词在所在句的逻辑意义，如，解释什么与什么之间的关系，修饰什么事物等；二要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分，以此推敲猜测原词的意义，借此帮助寻找文中的代换词。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
例如：2007年湖南高考英语卷第73题：Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”. 分析画线词所在句“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”可知，angling在此陈述北磁极的现状，说明北磁极与西伯利亚之间的关系，即：北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向“angling”。借此分
模块 6 │ 题型探究
析给予的提示，不难找到信息句“the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field”和“the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year”。由此推断，angling即意为“moving/migrating”。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　细节设问题
这类题所占比重最大，以how，what, why提问的问题为主。一般说来考生在文章中找到答案出处并不太难，难的是如何处理、转换信息，从而归纳出问题的答案。因为简答题要求考生既要用最简短的语言，又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话。此外，在回答细节题时，一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如：就目的提
模块 6 │ 题型探究
问，就应该用表示目的的用语作答，例如使用for短语，不定式短语；就原因提问，答案就应当用because of短语或 because从句，也可用不定式短语作答；就事件的可能性提问，答案通常用简短而完整的简单句；提问词是what，多能用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答，提问词是how，则多用“by doing sth./by means of sth.”的形式回答。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
例如：2009年湖南高考英语卷第73题：What did Grandfather do in Hershey’s factory (回答词数不超过12个)是就事件的可能性提问，故可用简单句作答为：He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
2008年湖南高考英语卷第73题：What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use (回答词数不超过6个)，根据第二段的有效信息句“The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”用名词性短语作答为：“The tools that use electricity.”。 《湖南省2007
模块 6 │ 题型探究
年高考考试大纲英语科补充说明》提供的阅读简答题样题的75题：What is the villagers’ main purpose to rebuild their community (回答词数不超过6个)。此题提问目的，可用不定式短语回答：To keep their culture alive./To save their way of life.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
　探究点三　主旨大意题
此类题常见的提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage/text What is the passage /text mainly about What is the best title for this passage/passage 回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句。而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首句，一段末二段首转折后信息，文章末句。但考生应注意不可照抄原句，而需重新归纳组织、概括(有的只需稍作归纳或略作改写主题句即可)。主旨句为判断句式，具有高度概括性。其答问形式有两种：
模块 6 │ 题型探究
简单句式和词组式(多为名词词组或动词词组)。例如，2007年湖南高考英语卷第75题，全文主题句为首段中的“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳，可以判断答案为：The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 答题形式为简单句式。再如：
模块 6 │ 题型探究
请根据某文首段“One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.”回答问题：“What is the best title of the passage (回答词数不超过5个)”。问题明显是主旨题，直接对应首句，该句是由系动词is构成的判断句，具有高度概括性，告诉读者整篇文章在围绕英国的pub进行论述，由此判断最佳标题为：Pubs in the UK。答题形式为名词词组式。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
　探究点四　逻辑推理题
逻辑推理题旨在考查考生根据已知信息进行合理推断的逻辑思维能力，要求根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节暗示，推敲作者态度，理解文章寓意后再作回答。提问方式通常为：Why…？What can be inferred/concluded from…？ What is the author’s attitude toward…？What does the author use the examples of…to show
模块 6 │ 题型探究
逻辑推理题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵，进行合理的推断。具体地说，要注意：①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断，切忌主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测； ④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，
模块 6 │ 题型探究
了解语篇的结构，把握作者的写作思路。例如，2008年湖南高考阅读简答题的75小题：Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006 (回答词数不超过15个)。文章只是在倒数第二段提到美国队在2006年冰雕锦标赛上荣获冠军，但未直接提到获奖原因，而需考生作一定的逻辑思维推理：既然美国队的冰雕作品能获奖，自然是因为评委们认为他们的作品是最好的。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
评委们又是根据什么确认他们的作品是最好的呢？自然就想到了评奖细则。而文章第四段“The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”就提到了评奖细则。由此可判断作答为：Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
再如2009年湖南高考阅读简答题的74小题：Why didn’t Hershey fire Grandfather (回答词数不超过10个)，文中没有直接用一个句子说出我爷爷保住工作的原因，而是通过最后一段Hershey所说的话“It’s not your fault son. …I need to watch where I’m going.”来暗示Hershey没有解雇我爷爷的原因是因为他意识到错在自己而不是爷爷，由此可判断作答为Because he realized it was his own fault./Because he realized it was not Grandfather’s fault/mistake.
专题一　记叙文
专题 一 │记叙文
考题导读
专题 一 │考题导读
记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)是湖南高考阅读简答的主要体裁之一。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why)。记叙文的另一特点
专题 一 │考题导读
就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能准确有效地快速找到答题所需的有效信息句。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖南]
Secret Santas
On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
“It’s an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的)basis，” says Linda. “It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.”
Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women’s Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U．S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that’s struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.
“The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys，” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.” She also buys gifts for the parents.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list—one that didn’t include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime.” She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.“I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this，” says Linda. “Pay attention to what’s going on in your own backyard—no matter where you live.”
The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
1．What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have (no more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________
2．Why did Linda join the American Women’s Club of Toronto (no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________
3．Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？(no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________
4．What kind of people does “secret Santas” in the passage refer to？(no more than 12 words)
_______________________________________________
专题 一 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文为记叙文。讲述圣诞节匿名送礼的故事。
1．They will feel greatly surprised.　根据第一段“Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them.”可判断作答。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
2．She joined it for fellowship and community service.　根据第三段“Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women’s Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U．S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.”可判断作答。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
3．She wanted to give the children some other gifts rather than the basics. 　根据倒数第二段“Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list—one that didn’t include the basics.”和“She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.”可推断作答。
4．It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas.　综合第一段和最后一段可推断作答。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
Tom Heaffey, a bright 18 year old man, has just graduated from middle school. Yet just three years ago, he was actually predicted to fail his exams.
Remarkably, his life has been changed by a pair of blue glasses, which have enabled him to read properly for the first time.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Tom suffers from visual stress. Without glasses, when he looks at a printed page, the text appeared to be unclear and distorted(失真的). Other symptoms include headaches.
When Tom was a child, his mother Sarah knew he was performing badly at school.
“He used to say the words were jumping. Eye tests showed his sight was normal, so his teachers concluded he was a slower learner.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
“Trying to read was tiring and gave me headaches, so I couldn’t concentrate for long，” recalls Tom.
It was not until three years ago that he was diagnosed with visual stress.
According to Arnold Wilkins, professor of Essex University, the condition is a result of the neurons(神经元)in the visual part of the brain.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
“Different neurons in the brain react to different colors，” explains Prof. Wilkins. “We discovered that using colored lenses(透镜)reduces the over activity of these neurons.”
As a patient will respond differently to each color, Prof Wilkins developed the Intuitive Colorimeter, a testing device that diagnoses the exact color an individual needs.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Patients are asked to read text on a machine that can cause 110,000 different colors. The correct shade will allow the patient to read clearly. This information is used to make the right color of colored lens.
Tom’s lenses are blue. When he first put on his glasses, he felt emotional. “Suddenly, when I looked at a book, I could see how I should always have been able to see.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
By doing three hours of extra work after school every night, Tom passed ten examinations, with one A and three Bs. “Mum cried when I got my results，” he says.
1．What are the symptoms of visual stress？(no more than 7 words)
________________________________________________
2．How do colored lenses deal with visual stress？(no more than 15 words)
________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．What is the use of the Intuitive Colorimeter？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________
4．According to the last paragraph, why could Tom pass his examinations successfully？(no more than 9 words)
_________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
1．Unclear and distorted sight and headache.　根据第三段“Without glasses, when he looks at a printed page, the text appeared to be unclear and distorted(失真的). Other symptoms include headaches.”可判断作答。
2．By reducing the over activity of the neurons in the visual part of the brain. 　根据文中“We discovered that using colored lenses(透镜)reduces the over activity of these neurons”可判断作答。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．Diagnosing the exact color an individual needs. 　根据文中“Prof Wilkins developed the Intuitive Colorimeter, a testing device that diagnoses the exact color an individual needs”可判断作答。
4．Because he studied for three hours every night.　根据最后一段“By doing three hours of extra work after school every night”可判断作答。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
Freda Bright says, “Only_in_opera_do
_people_die_of_love.” It’s true. You really can’t love somebody to death. I’ve known people to die from no love, but I’ve never known anyone to be loved to death. We just can’t love one another enough.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A heart warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned(鼓起)the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to a raise.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. Her husband had come home early and prepared a festive meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, or…did he just somehow know that she would not get turned down
专题 一 │ 专题预测
She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the wonderful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beautifully lettered note. It read: “Congratulations, darling! I knew you’d get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Following the supper, her husband went into the kitchen to clean up. She noticed that a second card had fallen from his pocket. Picking it off the floor, she read: “Don’t worry about not getting the raise! You deserve it anyway! These things will tell you how much I love you.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Someone has said that the measure of love is when you love without measure. What this man feels for his wife is total acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction.
Upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa said: “What can you do to promote world peace Go home and love your family.” And love your friends. Love them without measure.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
1．How did the woman feel when she decided to ask her boss for a higher salary？(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________
2．According to the passage, how do you understand the underlined sentence in the first paragraph (no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________
3．What is the best title of this passage？(no more than 4 words)
________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
4．Please use several words to describe the husband’s personalities. (no more than 4 words)
______________________________________________
1．Nervous and apprehensive.　根据第二段“All day she felt nervous and apprehensive”可判断作答。
2．We can never love a person enough./No one will be loved to death./You really can’t love somebody to death. 　根据第一段“It’s true. You really can’t love somebody to death.”可判断作答。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．Love without measure　综合全文再结合最后一段“Love them without measure.”可推断作答。
4．Considerate, warm hearted and kind.　根据故事中所描述的丈夫为妻子所做的一切可推断作答。
专题二　说明文
专题 二 │ 说明文
考题导读
专题 二 │ 考题导读
说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2008·湖南]
Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪)and a crab(螃蟹)trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last minute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (视觉效果)of the designs.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
In 2006, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. “It’s not about the prize，” said Rob Neyland, Team USA’s captain. “It’s about touching the audience.”
Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
1．What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________
2．What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work (no more than 9 words)
__________________________________________________
3．Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006 (no more than 15 words)
______________________________________________
专题 二 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。
1．The tools that use electricity. 　抓住问题关键词“tools, not permitted to use ”不难在第二段找到信息句“The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”由此可判断作答。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
2．The things they have seen in daily life. 　抓住问题关键词“ideas for their creative work”可在第三段找到信息句“Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.”由此可判断作答。
3．Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.　根据第四段提到的评奖细则“The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”可推断作答。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
For more than 40 years, robots have worked in factories, doing jobs too boring or too dangerous for humans. Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
It was an exciting night at the Detroit Symphony(交响乐). A special guest was joining the band. The conductor stepped out onto the stage and lifted both arms to direct the musicians. They played a song called “The Impossible Dream”. The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. It’s just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Japan has more robots than any other country. Four out of every 10 worker robots are there. The Japanese government is spending millions of dollars building even more robots. Why the rush for more electronic helpers More than one fifth of Japan’s population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Many of Japan’s robots are designed to interact with people. One Japanese hospital has three shiny robots that help out in the waiting room. They greet patients and give directions. “Robots won’t ever be doctors，” says hospital spokesperson Naoya Narita. “But they can be guides.”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Since the 1960s, robots have been doing jobs that are too boring or too dangerous for humans. Some stand for long hours in factories, packaging food or putting together cars. Others milk cows on dairy farms all day long. However, these industrial robots don’t look like humans.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Now that robots are moving into our homes, many are starting to look more like us. Trevor Blackwell’s company, Anybots, makes robots. He built a dish washing robot called Monty. It is as tall as a person and has human like hands.
Will the robots of the future look more like machines or people Either way, Blackwell is happy to let them do the chores. “I’d rather have a robot do dishes，” he says. Wouldn’t you
专题 二 │ 专题预测
1．Why did the audience feel shocked at the Detroit Symphony (no more than 6 words)
_______________________________________________
2．What is the reason why the Japanese are building so many robots (no more than 9 words)
_______________________________________________
3．How can the robot Monty help people？(no more than 7 words)
_______________________________________________
4．What is the passage mainly about？(no more than 9 words)
________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
1．Because the conductor is a robot.
根据第二段“The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. It’s just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.”可判断作答。
2．Lack of enough young people in their workforce. 　根据第三段“More than one fifth of Japan’s population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.”可判断作答。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．It can wash dishes for people. 　根据第六段“He built a dish washing robot called Monty.”可判断作答。
4．Robots helping humans at home and at work.　综合全文再根据全文主题句“Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work”可归纳作答。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
Small, mountainous and wealthy, with a population of just 7.5 million, Switzerland is well known for its admirable quality of life in a country that ticks along like clockwork. Its products are sought after the world war over, from its delicious cheese and chocolate to luxurious watches whose timekeeping is as sharp as a Swiss Army Knife, another popular export from this sophisticated Alpine(高山的，阿尔卑斯山的)nation.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Switzerland’s famed political neutrality(中立), financial power and isolated location, ring fenced by breathtaking mountains, have enabled it to play a safe but central role in European affairs. The conveniently central location in the middle of Europe has also made Switzerland a favourite meeting place for conventions and international conferences—Geneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the United Nations.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Switzerland is not only a place for professionals, though. As a stylish tourist destination it offers such top ski resorts as Zermatt, Verbier and celebrity studded(名人云集的)St Moritz, while the white peaks of mountains set against blue skies make a wonderful backdrop for summertime hiking. The ancient capital of Berne provides superb opportunities for sightseeing, shopping and traditional folk entertainment while the largest city, Zurich leads the way in arts, design and nightlife, from opera and world class theatre to stylish bars and nightclubs.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Switzerland’s unique political model is based on consensus building, and, considering that the country consists of several culturally different groups speaking different languages (Swiss German, French, Italian and Romansch), its peaceful domestic situation is admirable. And while the Swiss in practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for several centuries, they are increasingly willing to get more involved in world affairs and distribute the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have developed domestically on the international stage.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Switzerland finally joined the United Nations in 2002, and signed the Schengen Treaty in 2005, showing their support for the European Union.
1．Which city is home to the United Nations？(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________
2．What are the best known outdoor activities in Switzerland？(no more than 7 words)
________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．Why did Switzerland join the United Nations and supported the Europe Union (no more than 15 words)
________________________________________________
4．What do you know about the lifestyle in Switzerland (no more than 7 words)
________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
1．Geneva, in Switzerland.　根据第二段“Geneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the United Nations.”可判断作答。
2．(They are)Alpine skiing and summer hiking.　根据第三段“As a stylish tourist destination it offers such top ski resorts …a wonderful backdrop for summertime hiking.”可判断作答。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．Because they wish to get more involved in world affairs and distribute their policy. 　根据最后一段“And while the Swiss in practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for several centuries, they are increasingly willing to get more involved in world affairs and distribute the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have developed domestically on the international stage.”可判断作答，但要注意浓缩语句。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
4．(They enjoy a)Leisurable but regular (lifestyle)．　根据全文的描述，美丽的自然风光、丰富的野外活动、多彩的城市生活等可知人们在那里的生活十分悠闲，但同时根据第一段的that ticks along like clockwork也可推知，生活既悠闲，又有规律。本题需要一定的理解概括能力。
专题三　其他文体
专题 三 │ 其他文体
考题导读
专题 三 │ 考题导读
阅读简答题选取的材料还有议论文和新闻报道两种。其中所选取的议论文通常有两类：一是先分析人们习以为常的现象，指出其中的谬误，然后阐述自己的观点；二是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点，然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。掌握议论文的特点，把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点利于快速把握全文脉络，准确找到有效的答题信息句。
专题 三 │ 考题导读
时事新闻类阅读材料往往语言地道、内容时新。新闻阅读材料都由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。阅读时，要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，从而在归纳、概括、推理的基础上准确谴词组句作答。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2007·湖南]
The north magnetic pole (磁极)is no longer a resident of Canada. It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis(地轴)，the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward)is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, a process that originates about 3, 000 kilometers below our feet, in the outer core(核心)of the planet. But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
Over the past century, the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year, says Larry Newitt, head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa. Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing, says Newitt. One hypothesis (假说)relates it to “magnetic jerks”， sudden shifts (变化)in the rate of change of the magnetic field. There have been three jerks in the past four decades, each one correlating to an increase in speed.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056.
“For most of recorded history, the pole has been a part of Canada, and now it’s not，” says Newitt. It may be a blow to our collective psyche, but other than that, it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
1．Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”.
_________________________________________________
2．What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21 century (no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________
3．What is the main idea of the passage (no more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文为新闻报道。报道北磁极向西伯利亚方向移动的原因、移动的速度及其影响。
1．Moving/Migrating. 　通过理解画线词“angling”所在的句子“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，可判断其关键词是“It(＝ The north magnetic pole)”与“Siberia”，即：北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向“angling”；再根据“The north
专题 三 │ 真题再现
magnetic pole ”不难在第二段找到信息句“the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field”和第三段找到“the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year”，从而判断答案为“Moving或Migrating”。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
2．It could reach Siberia. 　抓住关键词“the middle of the 21 century”可在倒数第二段找到信息句“If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056”，从而可以判断作答。
3．The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 　全文主题句为首段中的“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳便可归纳作答。
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(一)
A husband and wife team from California reached the Pacific Ocean after a 4,900 mile cross country walk, becoming the first to backpack the American Discovery Trail in one continuous walk.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Marcia and Ken Powers started the travel across 13 states, through 14 national parks and 16 national forests on Feb.27 from Delaware. Nearly eight months later, the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean, a day ahead of time.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
We are a little sad that a great adventure is over. It was a fantastic adventure. And now we go home and just do housework. It’s really sad, said Marcia, who is in her 50s. She and her 60 year old husband traversed cities, desert, mountains and farmland before reaching the Pacific with arms around each other’s backpacks.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
They overcame deep snow in the East, a quicksand in Utah, close lightning strikes in the Midwest and strong desert sandstorms in the West while averaging 22 miles a day and taking only four days’ rest. But they enjoyed the French history of St. Louis, the beauty of the Colorado Rockies and the kindness of strangers they met along the way.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
They particularly remember two brothers—a doctor and a dentist—who put them up in their homes around.
Chester, Ⅲ., after terrible days, and a motorcyclists who gave them water after they failed to find any on Utah’s lonely Wah Wah desert.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
“Americans are truly warm hearted and wonderful，” Marcia Powers said. “We got to meet people that we would never meet in our daily lives at home. We got to touch it with our feet and hands and smell all its smell and hear its wildlife. It’s a amazing country，” she added.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
1．How long did it take the couple to cover 4,900 miles on foot？(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________
2．Why did the couple hug each other after reaching the Pacific (no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________
3．Use at least three adjectives to describe the couple’s journey. (no more than 4 words)
________________________________________________
4．What is the best title for the text？(no more than 9 words)
________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
1．Nearly 8 months. 　根据第二段“Nearly eight months later, the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean, a day ahead of time.”可判断作答。
2．Because they had finished the cross country walk.　综合第一、二段可判断作答。
3．Adventurous, tough/challenging/difficult but enjoyable/fantastic/wonderful.　综合第三、四段及最后一段可推断作答。
4．A couple finished a 4,900 mile walk across America　根据全文及首句可判断作答。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(二)
Many of the problems facing today’s world aren’t news to us. The environment is in dire need of help because it’s being damaged, hunger is widespread throughout the world, and workers in the Third World Countries are continuously being exploited. Therefore, individuals across the globe need to band(团结)together for a cause and use their collective efforts to make all the difference in the world.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
For instance, one person recycling a can or a bottle doesn’t seem like much. But if every household in a given city was to recycle and conserve energy, that city could make a huge positive impact on environmental damage. Similarly, there are countless ways to help fight world hunger—whether it’s to donate money to a dedicated worldwide charity, donate canned goods to your local charity, or even make lifestyle changes like going vegetarian. World hunger is a massive problem—but it doesn’t mean individuals themselves can’t make a difference.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Worker exploitation is another huge problem. All across the world—particularly in the Third World Countries—workers are forced to labor long hours, with close to no pay. Yet these workers continue to show up to such a way of life, because they have no other options.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
So, how can people like us help fight such a big problem Simply raising awareness of the products you buy in stores—from clothing to food—is a massive start. For example, if you see two similar products side by side in a food shop, but one of them is labeled “fair trade”， you’ll know immediately that the workers who labored to produce that product were given a fair price for their goods. And true, fair trade products might cost a little bit more, but buying them is a significant start to help fight worker exploitation.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
In short, each of us should be socially conscious to make a difference to widespread social problems.
1．What problems facing today’s world are mentioned in the first paragraph？(no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________
2．What should be done to fight world hunger (no more than 15 words)
______________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
3．How is the product which is labeled “fair trade” different from other products (no more than 13 words)
_______________________________________________
4．What is the main idea of the passage (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
1．Environmental damage, world hunger, and worker exploitation. 　根据第一段“Many of the problems facing today’s world aren’t news to us. The environment is in dire need of help because it’s being damaged, hunger is widespread throughout the world, and workers in third world countries are continuously being exploited.”可判断作答。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
2．Donating money or canned goods to charities, or making lifestyle changes like going vegetarian. 　根据第二段“Similarly, there are countless ways to help fight world hunger—whether it’s to donate money to a dedicated worldwide charity, donate canned goods to your local charity, or even make lifestyle changes like going vegetarian.”可判断作答。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
3．The workers who labored to produce it were given a fair price.　根据倒数第二段“For example, if you see two similar products side by side in a food shop, but one of them is labeled “fair trade”， you’ll know immediately that the workers who labored to produce that product were given a fair price for their goods.”可推断作答。
4．We all should be socially conscious to make a difference to widespread social problems. 　综合全文再根据最后一段可归纳作答。(共113张PPT)
专题一 记叙文型书面表达
专题二 议论文型书面表达
专题三 说明文型书面表达
专题四 应用文型书面表达
模块6 书面表达
模块6　书面表达
考纲解读
模块 6 │ 考纲解读
书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表、提纲等，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力，是一种复合型的题型。
命题分析
模块 6 │ 命题分析
从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看，高考书面表达表现出下面的命题特点：
1．格局：“提示型、半开放式”写作
2010年各省市的书面表达题基本都属于提示型写作，写作要求明确，提示简明，完全摒弃原有的纯粹“翻译型”命题，不再禁锢同学们的思维空间。题目设置一般都提供图画、图表、提纲等情景。试题设置均为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地，这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精确地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解，要言之有物，言之有理，充分体现出思维的广度和深度。
模块 6 │ 命题分析
2．体裁：应用文独占鳌头
今年的高考书面表达处处体现了新课改对高考“体现英语教学的交际性、实用性和应用性，提高考生的综合语言运用能力”的要求。依然沿袭以往的风格，强调写作的目的性和实用性。应用文仍是主打体裁。
模块 6 │ 命题分析
3．理念：源于生活，高于生活
2010年高考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活，写作话题真实，同学们有话可写。书面表达情景实用性程度高，每一份试卷都符合同学们认知水平和日常生活经历；题目设计关注同学们成长，注意培养同学们良好的道德品质和健全的人格(如江西卷和北京卷等)；另外，所涉及话题关注社会，富有新时代特色，能唤起同学们强烈的主人翁意识和责任感(如福建卷的节水、广东卷基础写作的戒烟问题)。这种贴近生活、立足基础、发扬个性、关注环境的设题理念仍将是近几年高考书面表达的基本思路。
应试点睛
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
1．火眼金睛细审题
审题是高质量书面表达的前提。第一要审文体。高考书面表达体裁主要有记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。所以考生首先要准确确定文体。然后审格式。近几年高考书面表达的格式以书信、求职信、通知和看图作文等为最多，考生对这些文体格式都应有明确的认识，并熟练掌握。另外在开始构思之前，一定要认真阅读写作要求中的所有信息，确定好基本时态。特别要注意人称的使用，因为高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，人称错误要扣除所得分数的三分之一。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
2．列出要点免遗漏
高考书面表达评分标准之一是要点齐全，漏掉要点要相应地扣分。细读所提供的信息和要求后，最好把需要表达的全部内容要点写在草稿纸上，并标上序号，以免遗漏要点。列要点时，假如所给提示是图表，要从图表中找出需要表达的信息要点，特别是细节，如事件背景、人物表情以及图画中的汉字等。倘若有生词提示，一定要用上。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
3．妙笔生花连成篇
一篇好的Writing，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词、以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的Writing出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间有连贯性和整体性。
模块 6 │ 应试点睛
有不少同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：first, in the first place, second…； 表并列/递进： too, also，as well as, in addition, furthermore; 表举例：for example, for instance；表总结：as a result, in summary, in short等。
题型探究
模块 6 │ 题型探究
提纲作文的形式是多样的，常见的有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。写作时要认真审题，把握中心，注意各个要点之间的联系，且保证所给要点不遗漏。
　探究点一　提纲型
模块 6 │ 题型探究
具体说来，提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇100—120词左右的短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示，这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示，出题人用表格的形式给出要点，写作时我们首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·四川] 假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。
1．过去对成年的向往；
2．现在的感受和认识；
3．将来的目标和措施。
参考词汇：责任responsibility
模块 6 │ 题型探究
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown up”．
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
第一步：确立文体：英语发言稿。
第二步：确立要点：(1)过去对成年的向往 ；(2)现在对已成年的感受和认识 ；(3)成年的我将来的目标及措施。
第三步：注意事项：写作要点齐全，要包括规定的三方面内容；注意时态的变化。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown up”．
As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I
模块 6 │ 题型探究
realize that being a grown up not only means this, but also more responsibilities. I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.
Thank you for listening.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
看图作文也是常见的高考题型。其素材贴近学生生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是考生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息，并能充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。
　探究点二　图画型
模块 6 │ 题型探究
一般来说，看图作文多以夹叙夹议的形式出现，即先阐述图画所表达的内容，然后阐述自己的观点。因此，在具体的布局谋篇中要学会理解图画，将每幅图画的内容有机地联系在一起，而不能断章取义，误解命题人的意图。写作时可以先按照每幅图画的内容，列出简单的提纲，然后再将图画的内容串联起来。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·福建] 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
注意：
1．根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯；
2．开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
3．文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
4．词数：120左右。
参考词汇：短缺shortage；资源resource
模块 6 │ 题型探究
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Good_morning.I’m_Li_Hua_from_Fujian，China.It’s_my_great_honor_to_be_here_to_say_something_about_the_global_water_shortage_and_ways_of_dealing_with_it.______________________________________
___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That’s all.Thank you.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
模块 6 │ 题型探究
Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That’s all. Thank you.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
图表作文是高考英语作文考查较多的一种题型。图表类作文有表格、饼形图、曲线图、折线图等多种形式。要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论，比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看，主要有记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是夹叙夹议文。时态一般用一般现在时。
　探究点三　图表型
模块 6 │ 题型探究
写图表作文时，一定要理解图表的内容，弄清图表中相关信息间的联系。如：如果涉及数据的话，不能只是单纯地列出数据，那样是枯燥无味的，应该仔细分析数据之间有什么样的联系，比如有的数据之间可能存在倍数关系等；然后再分析这些数据说明的问题。另外，写作时要处理好重点与次重点的关系，而不能没有主题。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
在具体的布局谋篇中可以采用三段式的结构：
第一段：开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure; describe, tell, show, represent等，经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph…/As is shown in the table…/It can be seen from the table that…It can be concluded from the graph that…/Compared with…/According to the survey, about…
模块 6 │ 题型探究
第二段：中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意，切忌反复使用同一句型，忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：
模块 6 │ 题型探究
快速上升：rise, increase; go up; sharply; rapidly; quickly; dramatically
缓慢下降：decrease; reduce; come down; decline; drop; fall slowly/gradually
描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些表达或词汇：
转折：while; but; on the contrary; however
比较：compared with/to
对比：in contrast to; different from; difference between
类似：similar to; as/the same…as;
递进：more than; less than
模块 6 │ 题型探究
第三段：结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short; generally speaking; It’s clear from the…that…； Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·浙江六校联考] 假设你叫李华，你的美国笔友Johnson想和家人来中国定居，请你帮他在A、B两个城市中做出选择。下面的图表是对这两座城市在就业、娱乐和环境等方面所作的对比。请你根据该表提供的信息用英语给他写封电子邮件，提出你的建议并说明理由。
注意：
1．图表左边的数字说明人们对这两个城市的喜爱程度。
2．词数120左右。短文开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
模块 6 │ 题型探究
Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China.______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China. After a careful study of the information about the two cities, I suggest you choose to live in City A．First of all, City A is a more popular city to live in. The environment in City A is better than that in City B and the climate there is very pleasant. Besides,
模块 6 │ 题型探究
there are many places for entertainment where you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time. As for the employment, though the job opportunities are not so good as in City B, yet I don’t think it’s a problem for you as a teacher of English.
This is only my suggestion and it’s up to you to decide. Hope to hear from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
模块 6 │ 题型探究
开放式作文不等同于一般的提纲作文，因为它不像提纲作文那样所给的要点很全面，写作时按照一定的“框框”进行发挥即可，而要求考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索(包括文字提示和图画)，利用发散性思维，去合理地想象、推理，然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。由此可知，开放性作文类似于语文的材料作文，不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且还考查考生的想象力以及多角度分析问题和解决问题的能力。开放性作文是英语高考写作中难度最大的一类。
　探究点四　开放式作文
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·北京] 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
In your spoken English class，your teacher shows you the following picture.You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
1．三分之一描写要点：阳光，楼(很靠近)，弯曲的树。(the sun, two apartments/flats closely located, the winding/twisted tree)
2．三分之二议论着眼立意：
(1)人生角度：在成长的道路上(树的成长)，有曲折，有困难(建筑的阻挡，弯曲)，但是只要向着光明和希望(太阳)去努力拼搏，坚持不懈，还是能够冲破桎梏取得成功(树在楼的夹缝中长高了，超出建筑)。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
(2)和谐角度： 城市的发展(建筑)和环境的可持续发展(树的成长)要协调，要平衡，(在阳光下)才能欣然共存；
(3)立意与现实生活关系：①引导90后要具有积极的生活态度，生活非一帆风顺的。② 扣住低碳生活的环保热点，城市和环境的和谐发展也是低碳生活的必需。
模块 6 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
In the picture, between two closely located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine. The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions. Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does.
专题一 记叙文型书
面表达
专题 一 │ 记叙文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 一 │ 专题导读
一般说来，英语记叙文和汉语的一样，有六大“要素”，即时间、地点、人物、原因、经过和结果。写记叙文时，要注意兼顾这几大要素。另外，记叙文还讲究写作顺序。一般来说，记叙文的写作顺序主要包括顺叙和倒叙两种。顺叙是指按照事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行写作。而倒叙则指将某些后发生的细节，甚至是事件的最后结果先提到前面叙述，这样可以起到引人入胜的效果。因此，在记叙文的写作过程中，一定要避免内容空洞、平铺直叙，否则就很难给人留下深刻的印象，得分不高就在所难免。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 [2010·北京] 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。
注意：1.周记的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
　　 Last weekend，I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. _________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 (一)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数不少于100。
提示词：disposable chopsticks一次性筷子
专题 一 │ 专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.…
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.In the morning, we went to parks by bus instead of going by car.At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable chopsticks served there.Instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair
专题 一 │ 专题预测
of chopsticks and a spoon.In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket.To avoid the damage the free plastic bags caused to the environment, we put what we had bought into cloth bags.It was hot at night.We didn’t turn on the air conditioners.We used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
Although the activity lasted only one day, we have learned a lot from it.We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us.In this way, we are sure to live in a better world.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　 (二)
[2010届·长沙高三年级第三次联合考试] 假设你叫李明。2010年4月14日，我国青海玉树自治州发生强烈地震，造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失。你校组织赈灾活动，希望每人献出一份爱心，捐献一件学习用品。假如你捐献了一副心爱的圆规(或书包、铅笔盒、图书等)，请根据下列提示写一封短信给这位不知名的灾区同学。
要点：
1．了解灾区情况，表示同情；
2．你珍爱这件学习用品的原因；
3．鼓励灾区同学重建家园，并提出自己的建议。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　注意：
1. 词数：不少于100;信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息；
4．生词提示：一副圆规： a pair of compasses；玉树自治州：the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu。
Dear friend，
_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear friend，
When we learned over the radio and the newspapers that the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu was struck by a terrible earthquake on April 14th, 2010, making more than 2,000 people killed and even more injured, we became very worried. It is said that many houses were ruined, so you can’t have your classes as usual. I wonder if things have improved by now.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　I’d like to send you a pair of compasses, which were a present given to me by my sister on my last birthday. I hope it will be of some help to your study.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　 As for yourself, don’t lose heart and do be strong minded when facing the great difficulties, for the people all over the country are standing by you. And please keep in touch with me and I will try my best to help you. In addition, the government is trying to help the people in the disaster hit areas rebuild your homes. I believe the day will soon come when you overcome all the difficulties and live a new life.
Hope to get your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Ming
专题二 议论文型书
面表达
专题二 │ 议论文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
议论文一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达题中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
(3)最后一段，得出结论。可以有三种方式：
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
2．观点式议论文的写作模板。
第一段根据提示陈述一下所谈论的话题，第二段分别提出双方的观点，并进行论述。可以采用下列句型：观点陈述1：Some people think that…The reason is that….Besides，…. (Some are against the view that….)；观点陈述2：(However/On the other hand) others have just the opposite opinion. They think that…What’s more，…(Some are in favor of the view that…)；第三段陈述个人的看法。可以采用下列句型：As far as I am concerned…(In my opinion，…； It’s my opinion that…) For one reason，… For another reason…In a word，…
专题 二 │ 专题导读
3．图画式议论文的写作模板
对于看图画/表式议论文，写作时，第一段描述图画所反映的问题，第二段分析该现象产生的原因，第三段发表一下自己的看法。可以套用以下模板：
As is shown ________.
In my opinion/ I think we should________(On one hand, ________. On the other hand, ________). In addition(Additionally), we should________.
As far as I am concerned, I hold________./ Only in this way can we________.
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 [2010·湖北] 请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　 注意：
①无须写标题；
②内容只需涉及一个方面；
③词数为100左右。
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive/fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted.
Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
　　A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wenchuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
It is no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we smile as much as possible.
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 (一)
人们在生活中面临各种各样的挑战，请说一说人们为什么喜欢挑战和有哪些新的挑战有待人们探索。
注意：
1. 适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整。
2. 词数不少于120，文章的开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields. There are not only physical challenges, but also social and intellectual challenges. Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do. Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. Whatever they are, people enjoy challenges.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 Why do people enjoy these challenges There are probably many reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, or achievement. Nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases that still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　(二)
下面的条形图(bar chart)显示了不同年龄段孩子们的心理健康状况。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　根据上图信息，请以“Psychological problems of students”为题，用英语写一篇短文。要求如下：
1．简要描述图中信息；
2．说明原因(学业压力，缺乏引导……)；
3．谈谈你的看法。
注意：文章的标题和开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart, there are more and more health problems existing among students.
It’s quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　　 Undoubtedly, students have too much work, and schools should take the responsibilities of guaranteeing students’ psychological health. Relevant courses and activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling (咨询) hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
　 Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work to cultivate an opening and caring mind. Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the internet should definitely be avoided.
专题三 说明文型书
面表达
专题 三 │ 说明文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 三│ 专题导读
说明文具有知识性、科学性、实用性以及条理性等特点，它贵在以简明扼要的语句介绍事物，阐明事理。我们可以按照说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。这类体裁的文章在高考中考查的不是太多。
专题 三│ 专题导读
写作时要注意：
（1）要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
（2）注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取“先举例，后总结”或者“先总结，后举例”的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
（3）说明文通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。
真题再现
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　 [2009·江苏] 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
专题 三│ 真题再现
专题 三│ 真题再现
　　注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三│ 真题再现
One possible version：
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
专题 三│ 真题再现
　 A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
专题预测
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 (一)
请你根据下面一幅图和一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。
注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。词数：100左右。
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 层层宝库找开来，黑宝纵横一排排。
能记诸般悠悠事，不分古今和中外。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三│ 专题预测
One possible version：
As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened in the past years or will happen in the future.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　　 Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone says, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！”
专题 三│ 专题预测
世博 历史 第一届于1851年，在伦敦举行
主旨 关注新生活的发展，促进各国交流
2010世博 简况 2010年5月1日—10月31日， 历时184天，吸引了242个国家和国际机构参展。吉祥物：海豹(Haibao)
主题 Better City, Better Life
参与国展示了他们在城市文明方面的成就，探索环境与发展的相互协调、人类与自然在未来城市中的和谐共存。
影响 ……
（二）
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 请根据上表内容以“The Shanghai World Expo”为题，写一篇短文。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三│ 专题预测
One possible version：
The Shanghai World Expo
The World Expo, first held in London in 1851, is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy，science and technology. Its theme is to concern the development of new life, promote to communicate with different countries.
专题 三│ 专题预测
　 As the first one of the developing countries，China hosted the World Expo in Shanghai from May 1st to October 31st of 2010.It aimed to promote the development of the world economy，culture，science and technology.The theme of the World Expo was “Better City，Better Life”．Haibao，the mascot for the Shanghai World Expo could be seen everywhere in the city.242 countries and international organizations took part in the exhibition，in which each member displayed their latest achievements.It is believed that this expo has been greatly improving the international relationship.
专题四 应用文型书
面表达
专题 四 │ 应用文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 四│ 专题导读
应用文是高考书面表达中考查得最多的体裁。它接近考生的实际生活，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常以解说事物为主，要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚，使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等，其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多，主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。
专题 四│ 专题导读
目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式，不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋，因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：
1．力求语言平实、简洁、准确，突出实用性，句子不宜过长，这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息，如：时间、地点、参加人、理由、或者是活动内容等。
2．根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态，如日记一般用过去时，通知用一般现在时和将来时等。
真题再现
专题 四│ 真题再现
　　 [2010·全国卷Ⅰ] 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
专题 四│ 真题再现
　　注意：词数100左右。
Dear Ms. Smith，
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题 四│ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Ms. Smith，
I’m Li Hua, Chair of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2：00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches
专题 四│ 真题再现
on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题 四│ 真题再现
　 (二)
[2010·山东] 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
1．表示歉意；
2．解释原因；
3．另约时间。
注意：1.词数120～150；
2．可适当增加细节。
_________________________________________________
___________________
专题 四│ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m Li Hua. According to our plan made last week, we will go to Beijing together for our travelling next weekend. I thought I could go with you, however, one of my old friends from New York will come to my house next weekend. I’m really sorry to tell you that I can not leave next weekend.
专题 四│ 真题再现
As you know, I like travelling very much, and I am eager to go to Beijing with you. Can we go to Beijing together on June 17, 2010 Are you free that day？Please tell me your decision as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题预测
专题 四│ 专题预测
　　 (一)
假设你将要参加全校高中生英语演讲比赛，请你针对不少中学生都有自己的网上博客这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。
演讲稿的主要内容应包括：
1．人们的看法：提供了一个展示自己才华的平台；浪费时间、影响学习；
2.你的意见……
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
专题 四│ 专题预测
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet.____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
专题 四│ 专题预测
One possible version：
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet. Someone says this is a double edged sword.On one hand，it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent and a way to release their pressure.But on the other hand，it will take them a lot of time and energy to manage their blogs and it is a waste of time and will greatly affect their schoolwork.
专题 四│ 专题预测
　　 In my opinion，it is a good thing.Nowadays the Internet is playing an important role in our life, so we can’t ignore its influence.More importantly，opening and organizing an eye catching blog needs various abilities such as writing，being skillful at computer and so on.
Blog itself is of little harm.It is your attitude towards it that matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.
Thank you!
专题 四│ 专题预测
　　 (二)
Jenny是一个刚刚毕业的大学生，面对找工作难的问题，她对自己的现状进行了客观分析，发现自己很刻苦，能持之以恒；但所学物理专业不是太实用，而且自己性格太内向。假如你是知心朋友栏目的编辑，请针对Jenny的情况给她回信，帮助她改变自己的现状。词数100—120词。
专题 四│ 专题预测
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.____________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Friends
专题 四│ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
First of all, you should be optimistic about your future. As you can see, you are diligent and persistent, which will help you to stay dedicated to what you are pursuing. So, please spend some time in figuring out what you want to be and then prepare yourself in that direction.
专题 四│ 专题预测
　 Secondly, try to seize chances to take part in some activities which will help to make you more open. You know, when you cooperate with other people more, you will not be so shy and the group work will help you be more confident as it is the work done by a group.
专题 四│ 专题预测
　　 Thirdly, do not think what you have learned in Physics is not practical or useless because it may have enabled you a way of thinking. You know, physics is abstract. And you will somehow have learned how to generalize from the facts and see what is behind.
Nothing is difficult so long as you put your heart in it. Hopefully my advice will be of help. Good luck to you.
Yours Sincerely，
Friends
专题 四│ 专题预测
　(三)
[2010·大连一模] 假如你叫李华，最近你校在为一批来自英国的学生征寻住宿家庭，你有意申请。请用英语给校长写封信，说明你申请的理由：
1．住房宽敞，有私家车；
2．擅长英语，乐于交流；
3．去年接待过英国学生。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计人总词数。
专题 四│ 专题预测
Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
专题 四│ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully equipped apartment answers all their needs.Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interest.With fluent English and an outgoing personality, I’m sure I will have
专题 四│ 专题预测
no difficulty communicating with them.Furthermore, we hosted two British students last year, through which we’ve gained lots of experience.In addition, my mother’s expert cooking can guarantee them a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua(共274张PPT)
专题一　记叙文型完形填空
专题二 夹续夹议型完形填空
专题三 议论文型完形填空
专题四 说明文型完形填空
模块 2　完形填空
模块 2　完形填空
考纲解读
模块 2 │考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。它要求学生不仅要熟练掌握语法知识结构，词语的用法特点和短语的搭配习惯，还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力，能从语篇水平角度出发，贯通上下文，既要考虑形式上的完整，又要考虑意义上的完整，找到正确答案。完形填空题材广泛，它涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治、经济、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。体裁主要是记叙文、说明文和议论文。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。
命题特点
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　　 从近年来的高考试题看，高考完形填空试题具有如下特点：
1．完整性
尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　 2．实词性
完形填空题的设置以意义完形为主，惯用搭配和语法完形为辅。所给选项以实词为主，虚词为辅。而对实词的考查又以考查情景意义为主。如动词、名词、形容词等占很大比重，而介词的考查多以习语、惯用法等形式出现。
3．同类性
同类性是指所给的四个选项都基本上属于同一种词性，要么都是名词，要么都是动词。如动词或者都是现在分词，或者都是过去式等。这种题型要求同学们要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析，逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项，最终确定最佳答案。
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　 　4．语境性
“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，单独从此空所在的句子很难做出判断。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，如关键词、短语，甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and, or, however, but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that is, in other words 等的解释说明作用；还有的以句子形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　　5．推理性
近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项，其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要按照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断正确的答案。
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　　6．常识性
还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行，这种情况下，就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识，具有一定的边缘学科知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯等，养成跨文化思维意识。
题型分类
模块 2 │ 题型分类
完形填空的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点，以篇章理解为基础，考核学生的语法知识和对词汇的运用能力。根据这一命题思想，我们可以将题型大致细化为：
一、词汇辨析型
词汇是语言的最基本单位。在语言的综合运用过程中，选用正确得体的词更加能够传情达意。所以，词汇的辨析选用就尤为重要，同时，词汇辨析题在英语高考中占有很大的比例。词的辨析主要考查实义词，包括对名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的辨析，旨在考查考生对实义词的意义和用法的掌握情况，以及对它们之间细微差异的辨析能力。所提
模块 2 │ 题型分类
供的选项通常是近义词、同义词或近形词。从对近几年的高考试题的分析来看，对名词的考查点主要为同义辨析与反义辨析；对动词的测试点集中在动词短语的搭配与惯用法上，而形容词则是考查作定语和作表语的形容词的区别，形容词的比较级和最高级等。如果说单项填空中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查，那么完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。从这个角度上讲，完形填空命题的设置其实是单项填空试题的拓展和升华，因此其难度也可想而知。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分各种实词的语义差别。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
例　[2010·浙江] Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __1__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __2__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __3__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
模块 2 │ 题型分类
So I __4__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __5__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were __6__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __7__ them that they couldn’t open their presents __8__ every child had come forward.
模块 2 │ 题型分类
Finally the __9__ they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __10__ up the room.
(　　)1.A.present　　　　B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)2.A.hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)3.A.strength B．independence
C．importance D．safety
模块 2 │ 题型分类
(　　)4.A.kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
(　　)5.A.none B．few
C．some D．each
(　　)6.A.fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)7.A.reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
模块 2 │ 题型分类
(　　)8.A.after B．until
C．when D．since
(　　)9.A.chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)10.A.lit B．took
C．burned D．Cheered
模块 2 │ 题型分类
【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。本文的命题选项典型地体现了词汇辨析的特点。
1．B　本题考查形容词辨析。联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first，此时表达作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。故选择B。
2．B　本题考查副词辨析。根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是立即(instantly)就想到了那件让她难忘的事情。故选择B。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
3．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据第一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨，和作者此刻的心情，她想让圣诞节礼物使孩子们认识到自己的重要性。
4．C　本题考查动词短语辨析。从上一段可以推断，是“我”提出(came up with)了一个让“我”公司的四十个人来帮忙的计划。
5．D　本题考查不定代词辨析。根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
6．B　本题考查形容词辨析。每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
7．A　本题考查动词辨析。从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，“我”提醒每个人先不要打开礼物。
8．B　本题考查连词辨析。选择until，直到每个人都拿到礼物。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
9．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待的拆礼物的时刻到来了，故选择moment。
10．A　本题考查动词辨析。根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
二、语法结构型
近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)，状语从句，非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)，时态， 语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句等以及一些词类之间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下之的逻辑关系和语篇内容， 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
例1　[2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that __1__ teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)2.A.where　　　 B．unless
C．as D．whether
模块 2 │ 题型分类
【解析】 A　本题考查where引导地点状语从句。本句意为“在有暴力的地方，其后也总有毒品”。
模块 2 │ 题型分类
例2　[2009·湖北] Mrs. McNamara kept all of our written work in files; it was easy to see the __1__ in writing that had occurred. What was not so easy to see was the inner transformation that had taken place, at least for me. What Mrs. McNamara __2__ me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I __3__. Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.
(　　)3.A.did B．could
C．had D．would
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【解析】 A　本题考查助动词的功能。根据上文I could improve myself可知应使用did代替improved，即“我的确发展了自我”，不能选择could，因为此处强调的是动词improve本身而并非“could”。
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例3　[2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__，“there are more important things in life than money. ”
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(　　)2.A.when B．while
C．how D．why
【解析】 A　本题考查定语从句。根据句法可以判断此空是定语从句，先行词是times，所以要用when，相当于in which。
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三、习惯搭配型
习惯用法是语言在长期的使用过程中不断演化、积累的结果，其内容十分丰富，包括介词词组、动词短语、名词词组、词的固定搭配等。习惯用法是学习的难点，也是完形填空题中的常见题型。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对语段搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。对习惯用法的掌握应注意平时多阅读，逐步积累。
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例1　[2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__ teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)3.A.impression B．burden
C．decision D．impact
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【解析】 D　考查习惯搭配。本空中have an impact on是一个固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。因此选择D项。本题属于“名词与介词”的一种搭配，学习是要善于总结规律，从而形成较好的语感意识。又如：与to搭配的名词：the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…(to)；与for搭配的名词有：wish/desire/hope/prize/respect…(for)；与on搭配的名词：pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…(on)等等。
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例2　[2010·四川] Well，that few minutes turned into about four five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) __1__ by comparison.
(　　)1.A.light B．pale
C．easy D．quick
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【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文记述了作者一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待中，成人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴儿在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。本空中make…pale by comparison 意为“使……相形见绌”，此处用以强调飞机在空中极不稳定。
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例3　[2010·湖北] It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of __1__. Susan’s husband Mark watched her __2__ into hopelessness and he was __3__ to use every possible means to help his wife.
(　　)3.A.inspired B．determined
C．honored D．pleased
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【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文主题讲的是一个盲人乘客的故事。本句意为：苏珊的丈夫决定用一切可能的办法帮助她恢复到以前的生活。be determined to do sth.是一个固定搭配，意为“下决心做某事”。
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四、 语篇逻辑型
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外，还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和句子之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，
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抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系 (连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next，finally等)。
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例　[2010·北京] I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, __1__ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
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Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my __2__. She wanted to know how I thought we should __3__ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew __4__ about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her __5__. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to __6__ them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how __7__ I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
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Mrs. Neidl’s __8__ that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it __9__！” I began to take __10__. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be __11__ upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and __12__ create something.
She taught me not to __13__ what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be __14__. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her __15__ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined __16__.
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(　　)1.A.and B．yet
C．so D．for
(　　)2.A.opinion B．impression
C．information D．intention
(　　)3.A.make B．keep
C．handle D. change
(　　)4.A.anything B．something
C．everything D. nothing
(　　)5.A.questions B．comments
C．explanations D．remarks
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(　　)6.A.hold B．follow
C．evaluate D．form
(　　)7.A.happy B．lively
C．reliable D．punctual
(　　)8.A.message B．motto
C．saying D．suggestion
(　　)9.A.again B．more
C．instead D．later
(　　)10.A.steps B．control
C．charge D．risks
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(　　)11.A.improved B．acted
C．looked D．reflected
(　　)12.A.easily B．carefully
C．confidently D．proudly
(　　)13.A.accept B．care
C．judge D．wonder
(　　)14.A.bored B．lazy
C．sad D．afraid
(　　)15.A.trust B．patience
C．curiosity D．interest
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(　　)16.A.accessible B．enjoyable
C．possible D．Favorable
【解析】 本文是一篇励志文章，通过“我”的经历，说明了勇气、自信、尝试和信任的重要性。本文在命题上最佳地表现了“语句、语段、语篇”之间的逻辑联系，是一篇典型的“语篇逻辑型”的完形填空。
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1．B　考查语段理解。前面unpleasant voice 和 direct way of speaking是消极意向，后面encouraging 和 inspiring是积极意向，因此需填转折连词，四个选项中，and表并列，so表结果，for表原因，只有B选项yet表转折。
2．A　考查语篇理解。第二段第二句话“她想知道我认为我们该怎样处理事情”直接提示了这个空应该选观点(opinion)这个词，第二段倒数第四句话中也出现了这个词从而验证了其正确性。impression 印象；information 信息；intention 意图。
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3．C　考查语篇理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握handle 的两种意思，名词意为“柄、把”，动词意为“处理”，这里考查后者。make做、创造；keep保持；change改变，均不符题意。
4．D　考查语段理解。开始我不知如何回答是因为我对舞台设计“一无所知”。 know nothing about sth 对某事一无所知。
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5．A　考查语篇理解。解题关键词是本句的“respond 回答、响应”， 线索是第二段第一句中的 “ask 提问”及第四句中的“answer 回答”， 因此这里填 “question 问题”这个词。B、D选项意为“评论”，C选项意为“解释”，不符题意。
6．D　考查语篇理解。本句的them指代opinions。form opinion形成观点，hold opinion持有某种观点。form 是个变化的状态，hold是个持续的状态，根据文意推断作者开始并没有观点，由于她相信我有观点所以我形成了观点，强调形成这个过程，另外begin to后接有变化感的词，故选form不选hold。 follow“遵照”，evaluate“评估”与题意差别较大。
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7．C　考查语段理解。解题线索在后半句 “so I began to show up to paint more and more ” ，作者做的事情变化多是Mrs. Neidl信任的结果，说明我是个可信赖(reliable)的人，C选项符合题意。happy “高兴的”，lively“活泼的”，punctual “准时的”都不能表达出这种合理的因果关系。另外迷惑性较大的lively通常用来形容物。
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8．B　考查语段理解。引号里是一句鼓励性质的话，而且前面“that year”也是线索，说明这话是她的motto“座右铭”。迷惑性较大的C选项saying是谚语的意思，往往是人们长期形成的对生活及经验的总结，强调群体性及时间性，故不合适。message 信息，suggestion 建议，不合题意。
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9．D　考查语篇理解。本题难度较大，解题关键词是介词over，表覆盖。选择later 可以理解为“如果没有画好，稍后可以再画一次覆盖之前的画。” more更多， instead 代替， 不合题意。迷惑性最大的是again，表示“再一次、又一次”，但是放在这里与over意思重复，paint over it later相当于 paint it again, 故不选A。
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10．D　考查语篇理解。take risks 固定搭配，冒险。通读全文发现作者是开始很不自信，因此动笔画画对他来说是个冒险，是自我突破的过程，文章最后一段也提到了take chances冒险，因此选D。take steps采取措施、步骤，与文章主题不搭，control 和 charge 都有控制的意思，不合题意。
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11．A　考查语篇理解。improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次。”因此不存在失败，只存在改进。act upon按照、对……起作用，look upon 看待、考虑，reflect upon考虑、回顾，均不符题意。
12．C　考查语篇理解。本段主要描写了作者从不敢做到敢做的过程，根据前文提示作者曾很不自信，后来在Mrs. Neidl的鼓励下自信地拿起了画笔，因此选confidently。easily 容易地。作者超越自我的过程并不容易。carefully 小心地。创作并不是个小心翼翼的过程。proudly 骄傲地，文章中没有任何体现。
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13．B　考查语篇理解。“她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做”，care 在乎，符合文意。accept 接受，judge 判断，wonder 怀疑，均不合文意。
14．D　考查语段理解。be afraid害怕。前面说take chance 冒险，后面理所当然说不要怕(失败)，而且前文反复出现了afraid 这个词，是全篇的关键词。bored 无聊的，lazy 懒惰的，sad 伤心的，在文中均无体现。
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15．A　考查语篇理解。trust 信任。通读全文会发现文中多次提到Mrs. Neidl对作者的信任，并明确使用了trust这个词，因此推断出答案。patience 耐心，curiosity好奇心，interest兴趣，文中均无体现。
16．C　考查语篇理解。“她对我的信任激励我完成以前认为不可能的事情”， “never imagined possible” 等于 “imagined impossible.” 认为不可能的，贴合文意。accessible 容易取得的； enjoyable 有趣的； favorable 有利的，赞同的，均不合文意。
应试点睛
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。针对以上我们对完形填空试题的题型分析，答题时考生可以从如下几个方面入手做出正确的选择：
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
一、树立语篇意识，解决局部问题
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循从“整体—局部—整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。(参考题型分类四)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；(2)短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑连词
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。(参考题型分类四)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异
高考完形填空试题选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。(参考题型分类一)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。(参考题型分类三)
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五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想象当时的情景，从而做出正确的判断。例如：
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例　 [2010·湖北] The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to __1__ the seats, settled in one of them.
It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of __2__.
(　　)1.A.touch　　　　　　 B．grab
C．count D．feel
(　　)2.A.weakness B．sickness
C．darkness D．sadness
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 1.D　考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择“feel”(摸索，感知)，而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”(触碰)。
2．C　考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of darkness”。
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六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。
专题一　记叙文型
完形填空
专题 一 │记叙文型完形填空
考题导读
专题 一 │考题导读
记叙文是高考完形填空的主打体裁。记叙文有如下特点：(1)叙事方式有所不同。有的记叙文按照时间顺序叙述，最后点破故事的结局；有的记叙文采取倒叙的手法，先点明故事的结局和影响，然后再叙述故事的发生和发展。考生在做题时，应先浏览全文，判断出作者的叙事手段，依据文章提供的信息，对故事内容进行准确定位，了解故事的来龙去脉，进而达到对文意的透彻理解，为做题找到准确依据。 (2)记叙文往往有较强的故事趣味性，有情
专题 一 │考题导读
节的跌宕起伏和情感的细腻变化等特点，信息量很大。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能做出合理的选择。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·山东] It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members __1__ the hall. I was only a 7 year old girl, but I was the center of __2__. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __3__ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __4__—so I thought. I waited backstage all __5__ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies __6__ that my class was next.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the __7__. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an __8__ move. I was concentrating so much __9__ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look __10__ I was going. I missed my partner’s box altogether and __11__.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the __12__ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not __13__.” I did my best to follow her __14__ as I continued with the routine.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
When the curtain dropped, so did my __15__ for the evening. I __16__ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __17__ me down.
Recently I realized I had been a __18__ that night. I was __19__， but I fought the urge to run off the stage. __20__， I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A.filled　　　　　 B．visited
C．attended D．decorated
(　　)2.A.pressure B．impression
C．debate D．attention
(　　)3.A.take over B．show off
C．look after D．give up
(　　)4.A.reasonable B．suitable
C．obvious D．perfect
(　　)5.A.dressed up B．folded up
C．covered up D．mixed up
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.A.suggested B．explained
C．announced D．predicted
(　　)7.A.music B．audience
C．curtain D．stage
(　　)8.A.easy B．active
C．adventurous D．extra
(　　)9.A.containing B．hiding
C．sharing D．keeping
(　　)10.A.why B．whether
C．where D．what
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)11.A.wandered B．slipped
C．waved D．skipped
(　　)12.A.blood B．pleasure
C．pride D．tear
(　　)13.A.leave B．cheer
C．believe D．notice
(　　)14.A.gesture B．example
C．advice D．plan
(　　)15.A.doubts B．hopes
C．voice D．patience
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)16.A.argued B．shouted
C．begged D．sobbed
(　　)17.A.turn B．calm
C．let D．put
(　　)18.A.star B．pioneer
C．loser D．fool
(　　)19.A.satisfied B．moved
C．embarrassed D．confused
(　　)20.A.However B．Instead
C．In total D．In return
专题 一 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个小女孩儿时一次尴尬而有趣的经历。小女孩在一次表演中由于疏忽而演砸了，观众哄堂大笑；虽然难堪，但她还是将表演进行到底。
1．A　通读全文可以知道，作者描述了自己七岁时的一次舞蹈表演的情况，有表演自然就有观众，所以本句句意应为“家人们挤满了演出大厅，大厅里充满了兴奋的情绪”，表示“充满、挤满”用filled。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
2．D　根据作者后面的描述可知，本句句意应为“我只有七岁，但是我是人们注意的中心”，所以要使用attention。
3．B　本题句意应为“最后，在经过了几周的准备之后，我要在舞蹈表演中展示我所做出的辛苦努力。”表示“展示”用show off。 take over表示“继承，接办；接管”；show off表示“展示；炫耀，卖弄”；look after表示“照顾，照看”；give up表示“放弃，投降”。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
4．D　根据后面的描述可知作者的这次表演失败了，所以本句句意应为“一切都应该是完美的——我是这样认为的。” reasonable表示“合乎情理的”；suitable表示“合适的，适宜的”；obvious 表示“明显的”； perfect表示“完美的”。D项符合逻辑。
5．A　本句描述了自己的穿戴，所以句意应为“我等在后台，穿着黑色的紧身衣，扎着金色的腰带。”表示“穿着”用dress up。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
6．C　本句句意应为“典礼的主持人清晰地大声宣布下面表演的是我们班。”表示“宣布”用announced。
7．B　演出自然少不了观众，演员们要面对观众表演，所以本句句意应为“我们的舞蹈班成员在一个两英尺见方的箱子上做固定的动作，面向观众。”所以B项正确。
8．A　本句句意应为“我的动作真的非常简单”，所以A项符合句意。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
9．D　作者在本句中描述了出现失误前的表演，本句句意应为“我脸上带着微笑，高昂着头，注意力如此集中以至于我没有看到我的脚伸向了哪里。” 表示“保持某种状态”用keep，所以D项正确。contain表示“包含”； hide表示“躲藏”；share表示“分享”；keep表示“保持，保存”。
10．C　根据上题解释可知应该选择C项。
11．B　本句句意应为“我没踩上同伴的箱子，滑倒了。”所以使用slip。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
12．A　自己的表演出现了失误，肯定非常尴尬，所以本题句意应为“我能够听到观众席上传来的咯咯笑声，我感到血冲上了脸。”应选择A项。
13．D　根据后面的描述，作者最终克服了自己的心理障碍完成了表演，所以本句句意应为“我记起了我的舞蹈老师曾经告诉我们的话‘如果你出现了失误，要继续微笑下去，这样观众就不会注意到了’”。所以D项符合句意。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
14．C　根据后文的叙述可知，作者坚持完成了任务，所以本句句意应为“我尽力听从了她的建议，继续完成我的动作。” 故C项正确。
15．B　根据作者的描述可知， 作者本来是想要表现一下的，结果却出现了失误，所以自己的希望落空了，因此本句句意应为“当幕布落下，我的希望也落空了。”故B项符合语境。
16．D　由后文的tasting the salt from the tears可知作者哭了起来，所以本句句意应为“我哭了起来”，故D项正确。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
17．B　在当时的情境下，自然没有人能一下子使她情绪稳定下来，所以应该用calm down表示“使……平静”。
18．A　事情过去这么多年后，作者能够回过头来重新审视自己，所以本句句意应为“近来我认识到那天晚上我就是一个明星。”所以A项符合语境。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
19．C　根据前面的叙述可知作者当时的失误使得自己非常尴尬，所以本句句意应为“我当时很尴尬，但是我克制住了自己冲出舞台的冲动。”所以C项符合句意。
20．B　分析上下文逻辑可知，此处表示转折意义，所以本句句意应为“相反地，我脸上带着微笑完成了动作。”
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad was a fisherman. It was hard to make a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out __1__ he caught enough to feed the family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad. When the weather was bad he would __2__ me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing __3__. Older than it was, that truck, out of __4__， coughed all the way with loud noise and heavy smoke. As he would drive, I
专题 一 │ 专题预测
would fall down into the seat hoping to __5__. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and __6__. Then he would lean over to give me a big kiss and tell me to be __7__. It was so __8__ for me. Here, I was 12 years old, and he would __9__ me good bye!
专题 一 │ 专题预测
I remember __10__ I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his __11__ big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my __12__ up and said, “No, Dad.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had the __13__ look on his face. I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.” My father looked at me for the longest time. When __14__ came into his eyes, he turned and __15__. “You’re right，” he said, “You’re a big boy… __16__. I won’t kiss you anymore.” It wasn’t long after that when my Dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when __17__ of the ships stayed in, but not Dad. He had a big family to feed.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
You don’t know what I would give to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek…. To touch his rough old face…， to __18__ the ocean on him…to feel his arm around my neck. I __19__ I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too __20__ for a goodbye kiss.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A.since B．when
C．until D．before
(　　)2.A.take B．drive
C．watch D．rush
(　　)3.A.business B．career
C．project D．journey
(　　)4.A.preparation B．control
C．distance D．condition
(　　)5.A.repair B．scream
C．complaint D．disappear
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.A.laughing B．watching
C．performing D．playing
(　　)7.A.a cute son B．a honest fisherman
C．a good boy D．a quiet passenger
(　　)8.A.amazing B．surprising
C．disappointing D．embarrassing
(　　)9.A.kiss B．say
C．hug D．send
(　　)10.A.the day B．the way
C．the order D．the action
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A.usual B．common
C．daily D．sweet
(　　)12.A.head B．hand
C．cheek D．mouth
(　　)13.A.excited B．pleased
C．terrified D．bored
(　　)14.A.lights B．apologies
C．tears D．sorry
(　　)15.A.looked out B．looked up
C．looked around D．looked on
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)16.A.a partner B．a student
C．a kid D．a man
(　　)17.A.all B．most
C．Some D．none
(　　)18.A.notice B．smell
C．sense D．feel
(　　)19.A.realize B．regret
C．wish D．hope
(　　)20.A.young B．old
C．shy D．late
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 父亲用他的方式表达着对我的爱。每次送我，都要和我吻别， 12岁的时候，我突然对将要和我吻别的父亲说自己已经长大了，不需要任何形式的吻了，父亲伤心的泪水盈眶。然而一次意外，留给我无尽的后悔和遗憾……
1．C　句意：他工作很努力，每次在外面捕鱼，直到捕到足够一家人吃的，他才回来。所以选until。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
2．B　由下文的that truck，以及As he would drive可以看出，这是爸爸用车送我去上学，所以选drive，意为：用车送。句意：当天气不好的时候，他就用车送我去上学。
3．A　business表示一个人经常的，且赖以生活的职业。这里捕鱼，就是父亲赖以生活的职业，因此A符合语境。最大的干扰项是career，该词指某种经过特殊训练，而又为之献身的终生事业，带有崇高色彩。brand商标，品牌；tourism旅游。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
4．D　由作者对该车的描述：Older than it was；loud noise and heavy smoke，可以看出，这个车的状况已经很差了，所以选out of condition，意为：状况不好。preparation准备；explanation解释；distance距离。
5．D　从后面的“it seemed like everybody would be standing around”来看，由于这辆破车很差，噪音大，又冒着浓浓的黑烟，所以怕别人看到了笑话我，所以我就滑到座位底下，希望自己消失，所以选disappear。repair修理；scream尖叫；advance前进。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
6．B　我作为一个小孩子，担心被别人看到自己坐在一辆破车里，所以要用watch，如果把A项改为laughing at(嘲笑)也讲得通。perform表现；play玩。
7．C　显然，父亲吻我，让我做个好孩子(a good boy)。a lovely son 一个可爱的儿子；an honest fisherman一个诚实的渔民；a quiet passenger一位安静的乘客。
8．D　现在想起来，当时的自己的做法确实令人很尴尬，所以要选择embarrassing，意为：“尴尬的，窘迫的”；amazing令人惊讶的；surprising令人吃惊的；disappointing令人失望的。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9．A　下文有原词复现：a goodbye kiss。我12岁了，他总是和我吻别。
10．A　我仍然记得那一天(the day)。
11．C　因为天天都要和我吻别，所以应该选daily，意思是：日常的。usual通常的；common普通的；sweet甜的。
12．B　我已决定不再让爸爸吻我，所以当他倾下身来的时候，我举起了手阻止他的嘴，所以选hand。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
13．C　因为父亲从未想到他对我这种爱的方式会使我如此的反感，对于突如其来的伸手阻止没有一点防备和心理准备，有点受惊，所以选terrified，意为：受惊吓的。excited兴奋的；pleased高兴的；bored无聊的，无趣的。
14．C　很显然，父亲很伤心，从后面的他转过身去，可以看出，他不想让我看到他眼睛里的泪水，所以选tears。意为：眼睛里含着泪水。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
15．A　转过身去，往外看。所以要用look out。look up向上看(和turn不符)；look around环视(这里不是找东西或人，显然也不符合语境)；look on旁观，观看。
16．D　由语境可知，父亲已经认可了“I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.”，也就是说，我已经长大了，已不是一个boy，而是一个man了，由此可知答案。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
17．A　因为父亲需要养活一大家人口，所以在天气不好的情况下，别的船只都呆在家里，而爸爸却出海了，由此可以看出，除了爸爸的船之外，其他的全都在，所以应该选all。
18．B　notice注意到；smell闻，味道；sense感觉到；feel触摸，感觉。海洋不可能在父亲的身上，打鱼回来，带来的只能是海洋的味道，所以选B项。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
19．C　这里是对自己以前所做的蠢事的后悔，因为当时自己并没有长大，所以这里作者用了两个虚拟语气说：要是我当时已经长大了，我就不会对父亲说，我已经长大了，用不着吻别了。那之后不久，父亲出海打鱼，再也没有回来。那样的话，父亲也不会伤心，我也不会留下遗憾。
20．B　见上一题。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
It’s a small gas station that has snacks, drinks, cigarettes, and candies. The young man behind the counter knows his __1__ by name and what they normally want to buy. He treats children and adults with equal __2__. He reads science fiction behind the counter when business is __3__.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One day, three people rushed in and grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could, __4__ not intending to pay for it. He hit the “panic button” and then went over the counter and __5__ the front door. It was obvious they were homeless, and equally obvious that they weren’t going __6__ with their ill gotten gains. They __7__ the food and simply crowded together in panic—knowing the police were __8__ the way.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Imagine what they must have felt like when they were told they didn’t have to steal if they were that __9__. “We have food in the back, expired (到期) but still __10__ to eat. If you need food, you __11__ have some.”
They were told to __12__ what they had dropped and put it back, then asked to straighten out the mess. They were doing just that __13__ the police arrived. The officers were told the situation was under control and the police were no longer __14__.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
This wasn’t what they had __15__. They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they’d done. Shocked, they quickly followed orders to take turns and use the restroom to clean up.
Soon three __16__ people walked out with all the __17__ their arms could hold. They were __18__ that, if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
And then the young man went back to reading until the next customer came in. He would be the __19__ person in the world to claim he was a hero. But he gave three people something they were in desperate need of—a __20__ amount of self respect and a little bit of hope.
(　　)1.A.friends B．neighbors
C．customers D．passengers
(　　)2.A.respect B．pride
C．wisdom D．privilege
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.A.slow B．busy
C．heavy D．swift
(　　)4.A.bravely B．reasonably
C．hardly D．obviously
(　　)5.A.opened B．locked
C．closed D．broke
(　　)6.A.nowhere B．somewhere
C．anywhere D．everywhere
(　　)7.A.hid B．lifted
C．swallowed D．dropped
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.A.in B．on
C．off D．by
(　　)9.A.anxious B．cautious
C．courageous D．hungry
(　　)10.A.safe B．easy
C．sweet D．unique
(　　)11.A.must B．can
C．should D．need
(　　)12.A.hold up B．hand out
C．pick up D．hand in
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.A.when B．after
C．before D．since
(　　)14.A.popular B．necessary
C．reliable D．important
(　　)15.A.wanted B．desired
C．expected D．admired
(　　)16.A.dirtier B．cleaner
C．cleverer D．quicker
(　　)17.A.money B．cigarettes
C．drinks D．food
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)18.A.reminded B．warned
C．ordered D．persuaded
(　　)19.A.first B．last
C．best D．worst
(　　)20.A.large B．fair
C．small D．full
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 作为一个小加油站兼杂货铺的老板，他童叟无欺，心地善良，富有同情心，甚至连闯入店里抢劫东西的人也用那颗包容的心给他们以充分的自尊与希望。
1．C　根据语境The young man behind the counter…可知应选customers，意为：顾客。friend 朋友；neighbor邻居；passenger旅客，乘客。
2．A　respect尊敬，敬意；pride骄傲；wisdom智慧；privilege特权。根据语境，respect更符合题意。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．A　根据语境He reads science fiction behind the counter但生意不很忙的时候看一些科幻小说。故slow更符合题意。
4．D　根据语境…grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could可知选obviously显然地。bravely勇敢地；reasonably合情合理地；hardly几乎不，都不符合题意。
5．B　根据行文逻辑可以看出，有人来抢劫，肯定要报警并锁好前门阻止抢劫犯逃脱。故选locked。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
6．C　根据下文…simply crowded together in panic…可知他们不能逃走，前面有not，故选anywhere任何地方。句中如果没有not，就需要用nowhere。somewhere在某处，everywhere到处，处处。
7．D　下文“…what they had dropped”中有原词复现，故选dropped，意为：扔掉。hide 躲藏；lift举起，提升；swallow吞咽。
8．B　固定搭配，on the way在路上，即将到来。句意：他们把食物扔掉，只是惊恐地拥挤在一起，因为他们知道警察马上就到了。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9．D　根据上文他们抢食物的语境可知他们无家可归，是因为饥饿才抢食物。故选hungry饥饿的。anxious焦虑的，担忧的；cautious小心的；courageous勇敢的，有勇气的。
10．A　根据本句语境…expired (到期) but…虽然到期，但吃起来还是安全的。
11．B　must必须，can可以，should应该，need需要。根据语境“如果他们需要，可以吃”，故选can。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
12．C　根据语境选pick up，捡起他们扔掉的东西。 hold up举起，hand out分发，pick up拾起，捡起，hand in上交。
13．A　根据本句语境可知选when，当警察来到的时候。
14．B　根据本句语境the situation was under control，情况得到控制，警察就不必要了，故选necessary必要的。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
15．C　expect预料。由后面的“They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they’d done. Shocked，”可以看出，他们偷了东西反而受到了这样的待遇，这是他们所没有预料到的。want 需要，desire渴望，admire敬佩，羡慕。
16．B　根据上一段…and use the restroom to clean up可知他们会洗干净走出来。故选cleaner，更干净的。
17．D　根据全文内容他们来的目的就是食物，因此会拿了food出来。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
18．A　reminded提醒，warned警告，ordered命令，persuaded劝说。“if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab”很显然是对他们的提醒，所以选remind。
19．B　根据下一句中but一词可以得知他自己不会说是个英雄。the last指最后的，即他自己不会说。
20．C　根据下文语境…a little bit of hope可知为a small amount of，少量的。
专题二　夹叙夹议型
完形填空
专题 二 │夹叙夹议型完形填空
考题导读
专题 二 │ 考题导读
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热门的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。 (3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点
专题 二 │ 专题导读
或看法， 然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·浙江] I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be __1__ Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought, “What would I say when the other kids asked what I’d __2__？” Just when I started to __3__ that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women __4__ at our house with gifts for all of us.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of __5__ that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn’t __6__. Somebody had thought __7__ of me to bring me a gift.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __8__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __9__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __10__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
So I __11__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __12__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were __13__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __14__ them that they couldn’t open their presents __15__ every child had come forward. Finally the __16__
专题 二 │ 真题再现
they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！”As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __17__ up the room. The __18__ in the room was obvious, and __19__ wasn’t just about toys. It was a feeling—the feeling I knew __20__ that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn’t forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A.sending　　　　 B．receiving
C．making D．exchanging
(　　)2.A.found B．prepared
C．got D．expected
(　　)3.A.doubt B. hope
C．suggest D．accept
(　　)4.A.broke in B．settled down
C．turned up D．showed off
(　　)5.A.relief B．loss
C．achievement D．justice
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.A.blamed B．loved
C．forgotten D．affected
(　　)7.A.highly B．little
C．poorly D．enough
(　　)8.A.present B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)9.A.hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)10.A.strength B. independence
C．importance D．safety
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)11.A.kept up with
B．caught up with
C．came up with
D．put up with
(　　)12.A.none B．few
C．some D．each
(　　)13.A.fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)14.A.reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)15.A.after B．until
C．when D．since
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)16.A.chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)17.A.lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
(　　)18.A.atmosphere B．sympathy
C．calmness D．joy
(　　)19.A.it B．such
C．something D．everybody
(　　)20.A.by B．till
C．for D．from
专题 二 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，从而歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。
1．B　由上文可知，还是小孩子的我，在圣诞节来临，我应该是收到礼物，所以选择receiving。
2．C　联系上下文，此处表达的意思是别人问我收到了什么礼物，所以选择got。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
3．D　联系上下文，推断此处表达的意思是：我开始接受没有礼物的现实，选择accept，其他三个选项意思都不符合。
4．C　break in闯入；settle down安居；turn up出现；show off炫耀。联系上下文此处是出现在我家，给我们圣诞礼物，故选择C，意思最贴切。
5．A　根据下文：I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school(当我回到学校时，我不会再感到难堪了。)可以推断出此处是表示我解脱了，松了一口气，故选择A。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
6．C　分析四个选项，结合上下文，可以得知，这件礼物对我是多么重要，所以此处表达我将不会忘记这件事情，故选择C。
7．D　联系上下文，首先排除B、C，think highly of sb的意思是“对……评价很高”。此处根据作者的前面的心态，选择enough，表示有人关心自己。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
8．B　联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first，西方人对于圣诞节很重视，是一家人团圆的日子，所以此时表达重要性，作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。选择B。
9．B　根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是很快就想到了那件让她难忘的事情，故选择B。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
10．C　根据第一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨，和作者此刻的心情，她想让圣诞节礼物使孩子们认识到自己的重要性。
11．C　从上一段可以推断，是我提出(came up with)了一个让我公司的四十个人来帮忙的计划。
12．D　根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
13．B　每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
14．A　从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，我提醒每个人开始不要打开礼物。
15．B　选择until，直到每个人都拿到礼物。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
16．C　根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待的拆礼物的时刻到来了，故选择moment。
17．A　分析四个选项的意思，根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
18．D　联系上下文，分析四个选项的意思，此处是表达欢乐，故选择D。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
19．A　联系上下文，得知：欢乐不仅仅是因为玩具。所以选择it，指代欢乐。
20．D　联系上下文，此处表示：我从很久以前的那次圣诞节上获得的感觉再次感受到了。故选择from。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening. The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had __1__ finding the keyhole. When I __2__ to open the door, I __3__ around the wall for a light switch. I found a plate where a switch was __4__ installed…but no switch!
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Not discouraged easily, I remembered __5__ a lamp by the bed when I deposited my luggage __6__ in the day. I found the bed in the __7__ and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing __8__！ I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes in from the __9__ to find another lamp. So I __10__ my way slowly across the room to the curtains and…no drawstring(拉带)! I finally stumbled (跌跌撞撞地走) around __11__ I found a desk lamp which actually __12__！
专题 二 │ 专题预测
That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world __13__ be and how necessary light is! But even more necessary than __14__ light is the light that shines from people—the light of __15__ and faith. Because, for many people, the world is a dark and __16__ place. For someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or sadness or fear and in __17__ of some light. So let your light shine. Whatever light you __18__ may be a
专题 二 │ 专题预测
beacon of hope and encouragement. And if you feel that your light is __19__ a candle in a forest, remember—there isn’t enough darkness in all the world to __20__ the light of one small candle.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A.confidence　　　B．respect
C．admiration D．difficulty
(　　)2.A.managed B．failed
C．wished D．meant
(　　)3.A.touched B．felt
C．sensed D．looked
(　　)4.A.already B．never
C．still D．once
(　　)5.A.equiping B．producing
C．spotting D．removing
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.A.later B．earlier
C．lower D．upper
(　　)7.A.light B．dark
C．room D．corner
(　　)8.A.happened B．operated
C．fired D．developed
(　　)9.A.machine B．street
C．room D．car
(　　)10.A.wound B．forced
C．made D．lost
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A.after B．until
C．while D．since
(　　)12.A.helped B．affected
C．worked D．inspired
(　　)13.A.can B．shall
C．will D．must
(　　)14.A.mental B．psychological
C．electrical D．physical
(　　)15.A.existence B．love
C．truth D．wisdom
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)16.A.lonely B．colourful
C．friendly D．complex
(　　)17.A.short B．favour
C．face D．need
(　　)18.A.make B．offer
C．take D．contribute
(　　)19.A.not more than B．other than
C．no more than D．rather than
(　　)20.A.put out B．give out
C．get over D．set up
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自己晚上在黑暗中找灯这件小事，想到世上人人都可能处于“黑暗”之中，如果我们都能用自己的“爱心”之灯去温暖他人，世界将变得更加美好。
1．D　根据上文晚上头顶的灯坏了，可知我找寻钥匙孔有困难，故选difficulty，意为：困难。confidence 信心；respect尊敬；admiration钦佩，羡慕。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
2．A　根据下文可知，“我”已经把门打开。manage to do sth表成功地做某事。fail to do sth没能做成某事； wish to do sth希望做某事； mean to do sth打算做某事。
3．B　根据语境可知，由于晚上没有灯，“我”只好摸索前进，只有feel符合语境。touch 触摸；sense感觉；look 看见。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
4．D　根据“but no switch”可以推知，“我”认为那里曾经安装了开关，因此在那里摸索，结果并没有，只有once(曾经)符合语境。
5．C　上文提到这是一个旅馆，自己是暂时住到这里，排除了A项。从下文一句when I deposited my luggage可知应选C项spot，意为“注意到，看到，发现”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
6．B　从上文remembered可知，“我”在那天早些时发现有开关，现在仍然记得，故选earlier，意为：早些时候。
7．B　因为是晚上，所以选择dark。in the dark意为：在黑暗中。
8．A　根据文意排除了C、D。句子的主语是nothing而非lamp，故动词operated不正确。因此，只有A项正确。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
9．B　根据文意和下文curtains可推知，“我”现在处在黑暗中，只能拉开窗帘，靠外部街道上的光来找到另一盏灯，故选B。
10．C　根据文意和下文slowly across the room可知，“我”现在摸索着去拉窗帘。make one’s way意为“前往，到……去”，符合文意。
11．B　根据文意和下文actually可知，我最终找到了灯，故选until。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
12．C　根据主语a desk lamp和副词actually可知，这盏灯亮了。此意只有work可以表达。
13．A　根据文意，“我”此时心有所感，世界有时是多么黑暗，而灯是如此必要！can可以表示“有时会……，时而可能”，故选A项。
14．D　根据文意和下句the light that shines from people可知，人们“内心的灯光”比实际的灯光更有必要。physical在此意为“物质的，有形的”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
15．B　由文意可知，我们心中应该有“爱和信任”之灯，才能战胜discouragement，sadness，fear，故选love。
16．A　由文意和dark可知，有时我们中许多人会处在黑暗和孤独的世界，故选lonely，意为：孤独的。colourful 丰富多彩的；friendly有好的； complex复杂的。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
17．D　由文意可知，当人们失望、难过和害怕时会需要帮助，因此选D项need，意为：需要。
18．B　由上文So let your light shine. 可知，作者在鼓励我们要主动去帮助别人，故选offer，意为：(主动)提供。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
19．C　细心揣摩文意可知，我们的爱心之灯在茫茫的黑暗中是如此渺小，好像是森林中的一只蜡烛，故选no more than，意为：只是，仅仅。相当于only。not more than 不超过，不比……更……，至多；other than除了，不同于； rather than而不是。
20．A　由文意可知，黑暗再强大，也没有足够的力量扑灭小如蜡烛的“爱心之灯”，故选put out，意为：熄灭。give out 发出；get over克服； set up树立。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
When I began my high school years, I was quite interested in biology. I read lots of books of my father’s about animals, and I was __1__ much educated about such matters as a 16 year old could be.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One Sunday afternoon, I was __2__ with friends about animals. I said the whale(鲸鱼)was __3__ a mammal animal. They disagreed. Finally, I called a __4__ over to help settle the matter. I knew I was __5__， so I was looking forward to the teacher __6__ I was right. My friends were eager for an opposite answer. We asked her __7__ the whale was a mammal. “No, the whale is a fish，” she said without a moment’s __8__.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
You could have knocked me over with a feather. My __9__ was hurt because I lost the argument, but that wasn’t the main reason I was too __10__ to speak. I still knew I was right, which __11__ the teacher was wrong. Not only was she wrong, __12__ she was completely ignorant(无知的) about something I thought was __13__ knowledge. But she was a teacher who had taught a long time. Everyone __14__ her and no one else thought she could be wrong.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
__15__ that, I hadn’t known grown ups could be wrong. This __16__ shaped the way I viewed people as I grew up. __17__ I found anyone treated another person with too much respect and admiration, I thought—and still think“ __18__ silly.” From that point on, I had no __19__ for authority(权威). To earn my respect, you have to be smart or __20__. I’ll never respect you just because you happen to be in charge or have a degree.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. as B．so
C．too D．very
(　　)2.A. meeting B．working
C．arguing D．staying
(　　)3.A. about B．like
C．beside D．above
(　　)4.A. professor B．biologist
C．librarian D．teacher
(　　)5.A. clever B．right
C．creative D．silly
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.A. proving B．finding
C．promising D．hoping
(　　)7.A. how B．why
C．if D．when
(　　)8.A. doubt B．silence
C．regret D．hesitation
(　　)9.A. heart B．mind
C．pride D．feeling
(　　)10.A. foolish B．anxious
C．serious D．astonished
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A. meant B．suggested
C．admitted D．concluded
(　　)12.A. and B．but
C．for D．or
(　　)13.A. special B．normal
C．regular D．common
(　　)14.A. pleased B．admired
C．believed D．loved
(　　)15.A. Before B．After
C．Until D．Since
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)16.A. fairly B．properly
C．nearly D．greatly
(　　)17.A. Whenever B．Although
C．While D．Whether
(　　)18.A. I’m B．that’s
C．he’s D．you’re
(　　)19.A. idea B．respect
C．choice D．question
(　　)20.A. energetic B．patient
C．talented D．diligent
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 作者在与朋友的一次争辩中，老师的无知让作者的自豪感荡然无存。从此以后，作者不再盲目相信权威，而是佩服真正拥有聪明才智的人。
1．A　本句用了“as…as…”的结构，意思是作者在这方面得到了和一个16岁大的孩子一样多的教育。
2．C　根据后两句的内容可知作者当时在和朋友“争论”。此外，第三段第二句中的argument也是线索提示。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．B　作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，朋友们“不同意”，由此才有了之后的叫老师来解决争端。因此选B 项。
4．D　根据下一句后半句中的内容可知，作者请“老师”来解决这个问题。
5．B　根据本句后半句中的内容可知作者知道自己是“对”的。作者对生物学感兴趣且读过不少书，他对自己的观点深信不疑。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
6．A　作者对自己的观点非常自信，所以希望老师能够“证明” (prove)自己是正确的。
7．C　上文中提到作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，而作者的朋友则持相反的观点，所以询问老师鲸鱼“是否”是哺乳动物。此处if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
8．D　下文叙述的是老师的无知，由此可以推断她毫不“犹豫”地回答说鲸鱼不是哺乳动物，而是鱼。without hesitation毫不犹豫。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
9．C　文章第一段中提到作者阅读了很多关于动物的书籍，自然知晓鲸鱼是哺乳动物，在与朋友争辩中显然为自己知道事实真相而感到“自豪”，但是老师的无知让作者的自豪感受到了伤害。
10．D　作者明明知道自己的观点正确，而老师竟然毫不犹豫地否定，作者自然感到非常“吃惊”，一时无话可说。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
11．A　作者依然知道自己是正确的，这“意味着”老师的观点是错误的。A项表示“意味着”；B项表示“提议，表明”；C项表示“承认”；D项表示“推出，断定”。
12．B　此句是“not only…but also…”结构，表示“不但……而且……”，but后面省略了also。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
13．D　common knowledge表示“常识”，此处common表示“普通的，平常的”。她不但错了，而且她对作者认为的常识完全不知晓。special“特殊的”，normal“正常的”，regular“规律的”，都不符合所给语境。
14．C　上一句中提到她的教龄很长，再结合本句后半句的内容可知每个人都“相信”她的话。pleased表示“取悦”，admired表示“钦佩，羡慕”，loved表示“喜爱”，均不符合语意。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
15．A　在此“之前”，作者一直不知道成年人也犯错。而C项构成“not…until…”结构，主语的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，所以用在此处不合适。B、D两项均不符合语意。故选A项。
16．D　上述事件在作者的成长过程中“极大地”影响了对别人的看法。fairly表示“相当地”时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，properly表示“适当地”，nearly表示“几乎”，均不符合语意。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
17．A　此处所要表达的意思是“每当”作者发现有人对另外一个人过于尊敬或崇拜的时候……所以用whenever“无论何时”。虽然C项也可以表示“当……时候”，但是谓语动词应该是延续性动词，所以不可选。B、D两项都不符合语意。
18．B　此处that承接上文，指代本句前半句的内容，即有人过于尊敬或崇拜另一个人的做法。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
19．B　上一句中提到作者厌恶人们过于尊敬或崇拜他人，由此可知作者不再“尊重”所谓的权威。此外，下一句中to earn my respect也是线索提示。
20．C　“鲸鱼”事件后，作者改变了以往的做法，开始看重聪明“才智”，而不是地位或者学位的高低。talented有才能的；energetic精力充沛的；patient有耐心的；diligent刻苦的。
专题三　议论文型
完形填空
专题 三 │议论文型完形填空
考题导读
专题 三 │ 考题导读
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。 (2)
专题 三 │ 考题导读
导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__.“There are more important things in life than money. ”
专题 三 │ 真题再现
The __6__ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __7__ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__ that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t. __9__， their reaction echoed (共鸣) their great grandfather’s. What they __10__ was how warm the people were in the house and how __11__ of their heart was accessible.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children __12__ hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__ in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals.
A university __14__ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to __15__ parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
The __16__ is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that __18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s __19__， and make eye contact (接触) to create “a personal experience”. We don’t have to tell children __20__ they should take from the story and what the moral is.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A.missed　　　　　　B．lost
C．forgot D．ignored
(　　)2.A.when B．while
C．how D．why
(　　)3.A.friendless B．worthless
C．penniless D．homeless
(　　)4.A.fetched B．allowed
C．expected D．took
(　　)5.A.hope B．promise
C．suggestion D．belief
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)6.A.tale B．Agreement
C．arrangement D．report
(　　)7.A.large B．small
C．new D．grand
(　　)8.A.surprised B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．worried
(　　)9.A.Therefore B．Besides
C．Instead D．Otherwise
(　　)10.A.talked about B．cared about
C．wrote about D．heard about
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)11.A.much B．many
C．little D．few
(　　)12.A.beyond B．over
C．behind D．through
(　　)13.A.argument B．skill
C．interest D．anxiety
(　　)14.A.study B．design
C．committee D．staff
(　　)15.A.provide B．retell
C．support D．refuse
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)16.A.trouble B．gift
C．fact D．trick
(　　)17.A.perform B．write
C．hear D．question
(　　)18.A.means B．ends
C．begins D．proves
(　　)19.A.needs B．activities
C．judgments D．habits
(　　)20.A.that B．what
C．which D．whom
专题 三 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 研究表明，给孩子们讲述先辈们艰苦奋斗的故事不仅有助于他们度过难关，也可以缓解他们的精神压力——减消怒气和焦虑。
1．B　他给他们讲述了他爷爷——一位银行家，在20世纪30年代几乎失去了一切，但没有忘记他最重视的东西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空应填lost。
2．A　首先要弄清本句的主句是：he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知此空处引导定语从句，再根据句意可知此处用表示时间的关系副词when。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
3．C　根据上文 (lost)all in the 1930s可知本空答案应为penniless(身无分文)。
4．D　爷爷用车把全家人带到加拿大。take带走；fetch去取；allow允许；expect期望。由题意可知，本题答案应为D项。
5．D　空后的句子There are more important things in life than money为设空处的同谓语，而该句应该是爷爷的一种信念，故答案为D项。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
6．A　根据首段最后一词及第二段整段内容可知本题答案为A。
7．B　本句改为：Mr.Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a ________ house后可知答案答案为B项。Guyer先生原来住的房子价格不菲，而且住起来非常舒适，而现在却住在一所小房子里。
8．D　由于生活条件变得很差，故Guyer先生担心孩子们会感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪的；annoyed感到烦恼的；disappointed感到失望的；worried担心的。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
9．C　使他感到惊讶的是，他们并没有感到不舒服。相反，他们的反应与他们的曾祖父一样。instead用来表示“与前面提到的事情相反”。
10．B　从上文可知，孩子们并没有因生活条件变得糟糕而感到不舒服，他们关心的是这所房子里的一家人有多温暖、他们的心有多贴近。care about关心，担心；talk about谈论；write about写关于……的内容；hear about听说。
专题 三 │ 真题再现(共344张PPT)
专题一 记叙文型完形填空
专题二 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题三 议论文型完形填空
专题四 说明文型完形填空
模块 2　完形填空
模块 2　完形填空
考纲解读
模块 2 │ 考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。它要求学生不仅要熟练掌握语法知识结构，词语的用法特点和短语的搭配习惯，还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力，能从语篇水平角度出发，贯通上下文，既要考虑形式上的
模块 2 │ 考纲解读
完整，又要考虑意义上的完整，找到正确答案。完形填空题材广泛，它涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治、经济、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。体裁主要是记叙文、说明文和议论文。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。
命题特点
模块 2 │ 命题特点
　　从近年来的高考试题看，高考完形填空试题具有如下特点：
　　1．完整性
　　尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。
模块２ │ 命题特点
　　2．实词性
　　完形填空题的设置以意义完形为主，惯用搭配和语法完形为辅。所给选项以实词为主，虚词为辅。而对实词的考查又以考查情景意义为主。如动词、名词、形容词等占很大比重，而介词的考查多以习语、惯用法等形式出现。
模块 ２ │ 命题特点
　　3．同类性
　　同类性是指所给的四个选项都基本上属于同一种词性，要么都是名词，要么都是动词。如动词或者都是现在分词，或者都是过去式等。这种题型要求同学们要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析，逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项，最终确定最佳答案。
模块 ２ │ 命题特点
　　4．语境性
　　“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，单独从此空所在的句子很难做出判断。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，如关键词、短语，甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and, or, however, but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that is, in other words 等的解释说明作用；还有的以句子形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
模块 ２ │ 命题特点
　　5．推理性
　　近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项，其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要按照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断正确的答案。
模块 ２│ 命题特点
　　6．常识性
　　还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行，这种情况下，就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识，具有一定的边缘学科知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯等，养成跨文化思维意识。
题型分类
模块 ２│ 题型分类
　　完形填空的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点，以篇章理解为基础，考核学生的语法知识和对词汇的运用能力。根据这一命题思想，我们可以将题型大致细化为：
　　一、词汇辨析型
词汇是语言的最基本单位。在语言的综合运用过程中，选用正确得体的词更加能够传情达意。所以，词汇的辨析选用就尤为重要，同时，词汇辨析题在英语
模块 ２│ 题型分类
高考中占有很大的比例。词的辨析主要考查实义词，包括对名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的辨析，旨在考查考生对实义词的意义和用法的掌握情况，以及对它们之间细微差异的辨析能力。所提供的选项通常是近义词、同义词或近形词。从对近几年的高考试题的分析来看，对名词的考查点主要为同义辨析与反义辨析；对动词的测试点集中在动词短语的搭配与惯用
模块 ２ │ 题型分类
法上，而形容词则是考查作定语和作表语的形容词的区别，形容词的比较级和最高级等。如果说单项填空中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查，那么完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。从这个角度上讲，完形填空命题的设置其实是单项填空试题的拓展和升华，因此其难度也可想而知。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分各种实词的语义差别。
模块 ２ │ 题型分类
　　例　[2010·浙江] Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __1__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __2__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __3__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
模块 ２ │ 题型分类
　　So I __4__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __5__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were __6__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I
模块 ２ │ 题型分类
__7__ them that they couldn’t open their presents __8__ every child had come forward. Finally the __9__ they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __10__ up the room.
模块 ２ │ 题型分类
(　　)1.A. present　　　　 B．first
　　　　C．recent 　　　 D．previous
(　　)2.A. hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)3.A. strength B．Independence
C．importance D．safety
模块 2│ 题型分类
(　　)4.A. kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
(　　)5.A. none B．few
C．some D．each
(　　)6.A. fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
模块 2│ 题型分类
(　　)7.A. reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)8.A. after B．until
C．when D．since
(　　)9.A. chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)10.A. lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
模块 2 │ 题型分类
【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。本文的命题选项典型地体现了词汇辨析的特点。
1．B　本题考查形容词辨析。联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first，此时表达作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。故选择B。
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　　2．B　本题考查副词辨析。根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是立即(instantly)就想到了那件让她难忘的事情。故选择B。
3．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据第一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨，和作者此刻的心情，她想让圣诞节礼物使孩子们认识到自己的重要性。
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　　4．C　本题考查动词短语辨析。从上一段可以推断，是“我”提出(came up with)了一个让“我”公司的四十个人来帮忙的计划。
5．D　本题考查不定代词辨析。根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
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　　6．B　本题考查形容词辨析。每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
7．A　本题考查动词辨析。从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，“我”提醒每个人先不要打开礼物。
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　　8．B　本题考查连词辨析。选择until，直到每个人都拿到礼物。
9．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待的拆礼物的时刻到来了，故选择moment。
10．A　本题考查动词辨析。根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
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　　二、语法结构型
近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)，状语从句，非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)，时态， 语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句等以及一些词类之
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间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下之的逻辑关系和语篇内容， 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
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　　例1　[2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__ teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)2.A.where　　　　　 B．unless
C．as D．whether
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　　【解析】 A　本题考查where引导地点状语从句。本句意为“在有暴力的地方，其后也总有毒品”。
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　　例2　[2009·湖北] Mrs. McNamara kept all of our written work in files; it was easy to see the __1__ in writing that had occurred. What was not so easy to see was the inner transformation that had taken place, at least for me. What Mrs. McNamara __2__ me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I __3__. Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.
(　　)3.A. did B．could
C．had D．would
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　　【解析】 A　本题考查助动词的功能。根据上文I could improve myself可知应使用did代替improved，即“我的确发展了自我”，不能选择could，因为此处强调的是动词improve本身而并非“could”。
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　　例3　[2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his
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strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__，“there are more important things in life than money. ”
(　　)2.A. when B．while
C．how D．why
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　　【解析】 A　本题考查定语从句。根据句法可以判断此空是定语从句，先行词是times，所以要用when，相当于in which。
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　　三、习惯搭配型
习惯用法是语言在长期的使用过程中不断演化、积累的结果，其内容十分丰富，包括介词词组、动词短语、名词词组、词的固定搭配等。习惯用法是学习的难点，也是完形填空题中的常见题型。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对语段搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。对习惯用法的掌握应注意平时多阅读，逐步积累。
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　　例1　[2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__ teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)3.A. impression B．burden
C．decision D．impact
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　　【解析】 D　考查习惯搭配。本空中have an impact on是一个固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。因此选择D项。本题属于“名词与介词”的一种搭配，学习是要善于总结规律，从而形成较好的语感意识。又如：与to搭配的名词：the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…(to)；与for搭配的名词：wish/desire/hope/prize/respect…(for)；与on搭配的名词：pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…(on)等等。
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　　例2　[2010·四川] Well，that few minutes turned into about four five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) __1__ by comparison.
(　　)1.A.light B．pale
C．easy D．quick
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　　【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文记述了作者一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待中，成人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴儿在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。本空中make…pale by comparison 意为“使……相形见绌”，此处用以强调飞机在空中极不稳定。
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　　例3　[2010·湖北] It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of __1__. Susan’s husband Mark watched her __2__ into hopelessness and he was __3__ to use every possible means to help his wife.
(　　)3.A. inspired B．determined
C．honored D．pleased
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　　【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文主题讲的是一个盲人乘客的故事。本句意为：苏珊的丈夫决定用一切可能的办法帮助她恢复到以前的生活。be determined to do sth.是一个固定搭配，意为“下决心做某事”。
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　　四、 语篇逻辑型
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外，还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和
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　　句干之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系 (连接词有
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so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next，finally等)。
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　　例　[2010·北京] I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, __1__ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
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　　 Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my __2__. She wanted to know how I thought we should __3__ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew __4__ about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her __5__. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to __6__ them.
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She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how __7__ I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
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Mrs. Neidl’s __8__ that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it __9__！” I began to take __10__. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be __11__ upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and __12__ create something.
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　　She taught me not to __13__ what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be __14__. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her __15__ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined __16__.
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(　　)1.A. and B．yet
C．so D．for
(　　)2.A. opinion B．impression
C．information D．intention
(　　)3.A. make B．keep
C．handle D. change
(　　)4.A. anything B．something
C．everything D. nothing
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(　　)5.A. questions B．comments
C．explanations D．remarks
(　　)6.A. hold B．follow
C．evaluate D．form
(　　)7.A. happy B．lively
C．reliable D．punctual
(　　)8.A. message B．motto
C．saying D．suggestion
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(　　)9.A. again B．more
C．instead D．later
(　　)10.A. steps B．control
C．charge D．risks
(　　)11.A. improved B．acted
C．looked D．reflected
(　　)12.A. easily B．carefully
C．confidently D．proudly
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(　　)13.A. accept B．care
C．judge D．wonder
(　　)14.A. bored B．lazy
C．sad D．afraid
(　　)15.A. trust B．patience
C．curiosity D．interest
(　　)16.A. accessible B．enjoyable
C．possible D．favorable
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　　【解析】 本文是一篇励志文章，通过“我”的经历，说明了勇气、自信、尝试和信任的重要性。本文在命题上最佳地表现了“语句、语段、语篇”之间的逻辑联系，是一篇典型的“语篇逻辑型”的完形填空。
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1．B　考查语段理解。前面unpleasant voice 和 direct way of speaking是消极意向，后面encouraging 和 inspiring是积极意向，因此需填转折连词，四个选项中，and表并列，so表结果，for表原因，只有B选项yet表转折。
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　　2．A　考查语篇理解。第二段第二句话“她想知道我认为我们该怎样处理事情”直接提示了这个空应该选观点(opinion)这个词，第二段倒数第四句话中也出现了这个词从而验证了其正确性。impression 印象；information 信息；intention 意图。
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　　3．C　考查语篇理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握handle 的两种意思，名词意为“柄、把”，动词意为“处理”，这里考查后者。make做、创造；keep保持；change改变，均不符题意。
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　　4．D　考查语段理解。开始我不知如何回答是因为我对舞台设计“一无所知”。 know nothing about sth 对某事一无所知。
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5．A　考查语篇理解。解题关键词是本句的“respond 回答、响应”， 线索是第二段第一句中的 “ask 提问”及第四句中的“answer 回答”， 因此这里填 “question 问题”这个词。B、D选项意为“评论”，C选项意为“解释”，不符题意。
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　　6．D　考查语篇理解。本句的them指代opinions。form opinion形成观点，hold opinion持有某种观点。form 是个变化的状态，hold是个持续的状态，根据文意推断作者开始并没有观点，由于她相信我有观点所以我形成了观点，强调形成这个过程，另外begin to后接有变化感的词，故选form不选hold。 follow“遵照”，evaluate“评估”与题意差别较大。
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　　7．C　考查语段理解。解题线索在后半句 “so I began to show up to paint more and more ” ，作者做的事情变化多是Mrs. Neidl信任的结果，说明我是个可信赖(reliable)的人，C选项符合题意。happy “高兴的”，lively“活泼的”，punctual “准时的”都不能表达出这种合理的因果关系。另外迷惑性较大的lively通常用来形容物。
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　　8．B　考查语段理解。引号里是一句鼓励性质的话，而且前面“that year”也是线索，说明这话是她的motto“座右铭”。迷惑性较大的C选项saying是谚语的意思，往往是人们长期形成的对生活及经验的总结，强调群体性及时间性，故不合适。message 信息，suggestion 建议，不合题意。
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　　9．D　考查语篇理解。本题难度较大，解题关键词是介词over，表覆盖。选择later 可以理解为“如果没有画好，稍后可以再画一次覆盖之前的画。” more更多， instead 代替， 不合题意。迷惑性最大的是again，表示“再一次、又一次”，但是放在这里与over意思重复，paint over it later相当于 paint it again, 故不选A。
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　　10．D　考查语篇理解。take risks 固定搭配，冒险。通读全文发现作者是开始很不自信，因此动笔画画对他来说是个冒险，是自我突破的过程，文章最后一段也提到了take chances冒险，因此选D。take steps采取措施、步骤，与文章主题不搭，control 和 charge 都有控制的意思，不合题意。
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　　11．A　考查语篇理解。improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次。”因此不存在失败，只存在改进。act upon按照、对……起作用，look upon 看待、考虑，reflect upon考虑、回顾，均不符题意。
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　　12．C　考查语篇理解。本段主要描写了作者从不敢做到敢做的过程，根据前文提示作者曾很不自信，后来在Mrs. Neidl的鼓励下自信地拿起了画笔，因此选confidently。easily 容易地。作者超越自我的过程并不容易。carefully 小心地。创作并不是个小心翼翼的过程。proudly 骄傲地，文章中没有任何体现。
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　　13．B　考查语篇理解。“她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做”，care 在乎，符合文意。accept 接受，judge 判断，wonder 怀疑，均不合文意。
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　　14．D　考查语段理解。be afraid害怕。前面说take chance 冒险，后面理所当然说不要怕(失败)，而且前文反复出现了afraid 这个词，是全篇的关键词。bored 无聊的，lazy 懒惰的，sad 伤心的，在文中均无体现。
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　　15．A　考查语篇理解。trust 信任。通读全文会发现文中多次提到Mrs. Neidl对作者的信任，并明确使用了trust这个词，因此推断出答案。patience 耐心，curiosity好奇心，interest兴趣，文中均无体现。
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　　16．C　考查语篇理解。“她对我的信任激励我完成以前认为不可能的事情”， “never imagined possible” 等于 “imagined impossible.” 认为不可能的，贴合文意。accessible 容易取得的； enjoyable 有趣的； favorable 有利的，赞同的，均不合文意。
应试点睛
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　　完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。针对以上我们对完形填空试题的题型分析，答题时考生可以从如下几个方面入手做出正确的选择：
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　　一、树立语篇意识，解决局部问题
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循从“整体—局部—整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。(参考题型分类四)
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二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；(2)短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of
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等；(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑连词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。(参考题型分类四)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异
高考完形填空试题选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。(参考题型分类一)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。(参考题型分类三)
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想象当时的情景，从而做出正确的判断。例如：
例　 [2010·湖北] The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to __1__ the seats, settled in one of them.
It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of __2__.
(　　)1.A. touch B．grab
C．count D．feel
(　　)2.A. weakness B．sickness
C．darkness D．sadness
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　【解析】 1.D　考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择“feel”(摸索，感知)，而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”(触碰)。
2．C　考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of darkness”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。
专题一 │ 记叙文型完形填空
专题一　记叙文型
完形填空
　考题导读
专题一 │ 考题导读
　　记叙文是高考完形填空的主打体裁。记叙文有如下特点：(1)叙事方式有所不同。有的记叙文按照时间顺序叙述，最后点破故事的结局；有的记叙文采取倒叙的手法，先点明故事的结局和影响，然后再叙述故事的发生和发展。考生在做题时，应先浏览全文，判断出作者的叙事手段，依据文章提供的
专题一 │ 考题导读
信息，对故事内容进行准确定位，了解故事的来龙去脉，进而达到对文意的透彻理解，为做题找到准确依据。(2)记叙文往往有较强的故事趣味性，有情节的跌宕起伏和情感的细腻变化等特点，信息量很大。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入
专题一 │ 考题导读
人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能做出合理的选择。
真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
[2010·山东] It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members __1__ the hall. I was only a 7 year old girl, but I was the center of __2__. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __3__ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __4__—so
专题一 │ 真题再现
I thought. I waited backstage all __5__ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies __6__ that my class was next.
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the __7__. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an __8__ move. I was concentrating so much __9__ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look __10__ I was going.
专题一 │ 真题再现
I missed my partner’s box altogether and __11__. There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the __12__rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us,
专题一 │ 真题再现
“If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not __13__.” I did my best to follow her __14__ as I continued with the routine.
专题一 │ 真题再现
When the curtain dropped, so did my __15__ for the evening. I __16__ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __17__ me down.
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　Recently I realized I had been a __18__ that night. I was __19__， but I fought the urge to run off the stage. __20__， I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too.
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A. filled　　 B．visited
C．attended D．decorated
(　　)2.A. pressure B．impression
C．debate D．attention
(　　)3.A. take over B．show off
C．look after D．give up
(　　)4.A. reasonable B．suitable
C．obvious D．perfect
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.A. dressed up B．folded up
C．covered up D．mixed up
(　　)6.A. suggested B．explained
C．announced D．predicted
(　　)7.A. music B．audience
C．curtain D．stage
(　　)8.A. easy B．active
C．adventurous D．extra
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.A. containing B．hiding
C．sharing D．keeping
(　　)10.A. why B．whether
C．where D．what
(　　)11.A. wandered B．slipped
C．waved D．skipped
(　　)12.A. blood B．pleasure
C．pride D．tear
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)13.A. leave B．cheer
C．believe D．notice
(　　)14.A. gesture B．example
C．advice D．plan
(　　)15.A. doubts B．hopes
C．voice D．patience
(　　)16.A. argued B．shouted
C．begged D．sobbed
专题一 │ 真题再现
(　　)17.A. turn B．calm
C．let D．put
(　　)18.A. star B．pioneer
C．loser D．fool
(　　)19.A. satisfied B．moved
C．embarrassed D．confused
(　　)20.A. However B．Instead
C．In total D．In return
专题一 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个小女孩儿时一次尴尬而有趣的经历。小女孩在一次表演中由于疏忽而演砸了，观众哄堂大笑；虽然难堪，但她还是将表演进行到底。
1．A　通读全文可以知道，作者描述了自己七岁时的一次舞蹈表演的情况，有表演自然就有观众，所以本句句意应为“家人们挤满了演出大厅，大厅里充满了兴奋的情绪”，表示“充满、挤满”用filled。
专题一 │ 真题再现
2．D　根据作者后面的描述可知，本句句意应为“我只有七岁，但是我是人们注意的中心”，所以要使用attention。
3．B　本题句意应为“最后，在经过了几周的准备之后，我要在舞蹈表演中展示我所做出的辛苦努力。”表示“展示”用show off。 take over表示“继承，接办；接管”；show off表示“展示；炫耀，卖弄”；look after表示“照顾，照看”；give up表示“放弃，投降”。
专题一 │ 真题再现
4．D　根据后面的描述可知作者的这次表演失败了，所以本句句意应为“一切都应该是完美的——我是这样认为的。” reasonable表示“合乎情理的”；suitable表示“合适的，适宜的”；obvious 表示“明显的”； perfect表示“完美的”。D项符合逻辑。
5．A　本句描述了自己的穿戴，所以句意应为“我等在后台，穿着黑色的紧身衣，扎着金色的腰带。”表示“穿着”用dress up。
专题一 │ 真题再现
6．C　本句句意应为“典礼的主持人清晰地大声宣布下面表演的是我们班。”表示“宣布”用announced。
7．B　演出自然少不了观众，演员们要面对观众表演，所以本句句意应为“我们的舞蹈班成员在一个两英尺见方的箱子上做固定的动作，面向观众。”所以B项正确。
8．A　本句句意应为“我的动作真的非常简单”，所以A项符合句意。
专题一 │ 真题再现
　　9．D　作者在本句中描述了出现失误前的表演，本句句意应为“我脸上带着微笑，高昂着头，注意力如此集中以至于我没有看到我的脚伸向了哪里。” 表示“保持某种状态”用keep，所以D项正确。contain表示“包含”； hide表示“躲藏”；share表示“分享”；keep表示“保持，保存”。
10．C　根据上题解释可知应该选择C项。
专题一 │ 真题再现
11．B　本句句意应为“我没踩上同伴的箱子，滑倒了。”所以使用slip。
12．A　自己的表演出现了失误，肯定非常尴尬，所以本题句意应为“我能够听到观众席上传来的咯咯笑声，我感到血冲上了脸。”应选择A项。
专题一 │ 真题再现
13．D　根据后面的描述，作者最终克服了自己的心理障碍完成了表演，所以本句句意应为“我记起了我的舞蹈老师曾经告诉我们的话‘如果你出现了失误，要继续微笑下去，这样观众就不会注意到了’”。所以D项符合句意。
专题一 │ 真题再现
14．C　根据后文的叙述可知，作者坚持完成了任务，所以本句句意应为“我尽力听从了她的建议，继续完成我的动作。” 故C项正确。
15．B　根据作者的描述可知， 作者本来是想要表现一下的，结果却出现了失误，所以自己的希望落空了，因此本句句意应为“当幕布落下，我的希望也落空了。”故B项符合语境。
专题一 │ 真题再现
16．D　由后文的tasting the salt from the tears可知作者哭了起来，所以本句句意应为“我哭了起来”，故D项正确。
17．B　在当时的情境下，自然没有人能一下子使她情绪稳定下来，所以应该用calm down表示“使……平静”。
18．A　事情过去这么多年后，作者能够回过头来重新审视自己，所以本句句意应为“近来我认识到那天晚上我就是一个明星。”所以A项符合语境。
专题一 │ 真题再现
19．C　根据前面的叙述可知作者当时的失误使得自己非常尴尬，所以本句句意应为“我当时很尴尬，但是我克制住了自己冲出舞台的冲动。”所以C项符合句意。
20．B　分析上下文逻辑可知，此处表示转折意义，所以本句句意应为“相反地，我脸上带着微笑完成了动作。”
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad was a fisherman. It was hard to make a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out __1__ he caught enough to feed the family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad. When the weather was bad he
专题一 │ 专题预测
would __2__ me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing __3__. Older than it was, that truck, out of __4__， coughed all the way with loud noise and heavy smoke. As he would drive, I would fall down into the seat hoping to __5__. He would pull right up in front,
专题一 │ 专题预测
and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and __6__. Then he would lean over to give me a big kiss and tell me to be __7__. It was so __8__ for me. Here, I was 12 years old, and he would __9__ me good bye!
专题一 │ 专题预测
I remember __10__ I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his __11__ big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my __12__ up and said, “No, Dad.”
专题一 │ 专题预测
It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had the __13__ look on his face. I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.” My father looked at me for the longest time. When __14__ came into his eyes, he turned and __15__.
专题一 │ 专题预测
“You’re right，” he said, “You’re a big boy… __16__. I won’t kiss you anymore.” It wasn’t long after that when my Dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when __17__ of the ships stayed in, but not Dad. He had a big family to feed.
专题一 │ 专题预测
You don’t know what I would give to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek…. To touch his rough old face…， to __18__ the ocean on him…to feel his arm around my neck. I __19__ I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too __20__ for a goodbye kiss.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. since B．when
C．until D．before
(　　)2.A. take B．drive
C．watch D．rush
(　　)3.A. business B．career
C．project D．journey
(　　)4.A. preparation B．control
C．distance D．condition
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A. repair B．scream
C．complaint D．disappear
(　　)6.A. laughing B．watching
C．performing D．playing
(　　)7.A. a cute son B．a honestisherman
C．a good boy D．a quiet assenger
(　　)8.A. amazing B．surprising
C．disappointing D．embarrassing
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.A .kiss B．say
C．hug D．send
(　　)10.A. the day B．the way
C．the order D．the action
(　　)11.A. usual B．common
C．daily D．sweet
(　　)12.A. head B．hand
C．cheek D．mouth
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.A. excited B．pleased
C．terrified D．bored
(　　)14.A. lights B．apologies
C．tears D．sorry
(　　)15.A. looked out B．looked up
C．looked around D．looked on
(　　)16.A. a partner B．a student
C．a kid D．a man
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.A. all B．most
C．some D．none
(　　)18.A. notice B．smell
C．sense D．feel
(　　)19.A. realize B．regret
C．wish D．hope
(　　)20.A. young B．old
C．shy D．late
专题一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　(一)
【文章大意】 父亲用他的方式表达着对我的爱。每次送我，都要和我吻别， 12岁的时候，我突然对将要和我吻别的父亲说自己已经长大了，不需要任何形式的吻了，父亲伤心的泪水盈眶。然而一次意外，留给我无尽的后悔和遗憾……
1．C　句意：他工作很努力，每次在外面捕鱼，直到捕到足够一家人吃的，他才回来。所以选until。
专题一 │ 专题预测
2．B　由下文的that truck，以及As he would drive可以看出，这是爸爸用车送我去上学，所以选drive，意为：用车送。句意：当天气不好的时候，他就用车送我去上学。
3．A　business表示一个人经常的，且赖以生活的职业。这里捕鱼，就是父亲赖以生活的职业，因此A符合语境。最大的干扰项是career，该词指某种经过特殊训练，而又为之献身的终生事业，带有崇高色彩。brand商标，品牌；tourism旅游。
专题一 │ 专题预测
4．D　由作者对该车的描述：Older than it was；loud noise and heavy smoke，可以看出，这个车的状况已经很差了，所以选out of condition，意为：状况不好。preparation准备；explanation解释；distance距离。
　　
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　5．D　从后面的“it seemed like everybody would be standing around”来看，由于这辆破车很差，噪音大，又冒着浓浓的黑烟，所以怕别人看到了笑话我，所以我就滑到座位底下，希望自己消失，所以选disappear。repair修理；scream尖叫；advance前进。
专题一 │ 专题预测
6．B　我作为一个小孩子，担心被别人看到自己坐在一辆破车里，所以要用watch，如果把A项改为laughing at(嘲笑)也讲得通。perform表现；play玩。
　　7．C　显然，父亲吻我，让我做个好孩子(a good boy)。a lovely son 一个可爱的儿子；an honest fisherman一个诚实的渔民；a quiet passenger一位安静的乘客。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　8．D　现在想起来，当时的自己的做法确实令人很尴尬，所以要选择embarrassing，意为：“尴尬的，窘迫的”；amazing令人惊讶的；surprising令人吃惊的；disappointing令人失望的。
　　9．A　下文有原词复现：a goodbye kiss。我12岁了，他总是和我吻别。
　　10．A　我仍然记得那一天(the day)。
专题一 │ 专题预测
11．C　因为天天都要和我吻别，所以应该选daily，意思是：日常的。usual通常的；common普通的；sweet甜的。
　　12．B　我已决定不再让爸爸吻我，所以当他倾下身来的时候，我举起了手阻止他的嘴，所以选hand。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　13．C　因为父亲从未想到他对我这种爱的方式会使我如此的反感，对于突如其来的伸手阻止没有一点防备和心理准备，有点受惊，所以选terrified，意为：受惊吓的。excited兴奋的；pleased高兴的；bored无聊的，无趣的。
　　14．C　很显然，父亲很伤心，从后面的他转过身去，可以看出，他不想让我看到他眼睛里的泪水，所以选tears。意为：眼睛里含着泪水。
专题一 │ 专题预测
15．A　转过身去，往外看。所以要用look out。look up向上看(和turn不符)；look around环视(这里不是找东西或人，显然也不符合语境)；look on旁观，观看。
　　16．D　由语境可知，父亲已经认可了“I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.”，也就是说，我已经长大了，已不是一个boy，而是一个man了，由此可知答案。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　17．A　因为父亲需要养活一大家人口，所以在天气不好的情况下，别的船只都呆在家里，而爸爸却出海了，由此可以看出，除了爸爸的船之外，其他的全都在，所以应该选all。
　　18．B　notice注意到；smell闻，味道；sense感觉到；feel触摸，感觉。海洋不可能在父亲的身上，打鱼回来，带来的只能是海洋的味道，所以选B项。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　19．C　这里是对自己以前所做的蠢事的后悔，因为当时自己并没有长大，所以这里作者用了两个虚拟语气说：要是我当时已经长大了，我就不会对父亲说，我已经长大了，用不着吻别了。那之后不久，父亲出海打鱼，再也没有回来。那样的话，父亲也不会伤心，我也不会留下遗憾。
　　20．B　见上一题。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　(二)
　　It’s a small gas station that has snacks, drinks, cigarettes, and candies. The young man behind the counter knows his __1__ by name and what they normally want to buy. He treats children and adults with equal __2__. He reads science fiction behind the counter when business is __3__.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　One day, three people rushed in and grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could, __4__ not intending to pay for it. He hit the “panic button” and then went over the counter and __5__ the front door. It was obvious they were
专题一 │ 专题预测
homeless, and equally obvious that they weren’t going __6__ with their ill gotten gains. They __7__ the food and simply crowded together in panic—knowing the police were __8__ the way.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　Imagine what they must have felt like when they were told they didn’t have to steal if they were that __9__. “We have food in the back, expired (到期) but still __10__ to eat. If you need food, you __11__ have some.”
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　They were told to __12__ what they had dropped and put it back, then asked to straighten out the mess. They were doing just that __13__ the police arrived. The officers were told the situation was under control and the police were no longer __14__.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　This wasn’t what they had __15__. They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they’d done. Shocked, they quickly followed orders to take turns and use the restroom to clean up.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　Soon three __16__ people walked out with all the __17__ their arms could hold. They were __18__ that, if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab.
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　And then the young man went back to reading until the next customer came in. He would be the __19__ person in the world to claim he was a hero. But he gave three people something they were in desperate need of—a __20__ amount of self respect and a little bit of hope.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. friends B．neighbors
　　　　C．customers 　D．passengers
(　　)2.A. respect B．pride
　　　　C．wisdom 　　D．privilege
(　　)3.A. slow 　　 B．busy
　　　　C．heavy 　　D．swift
(　　)4.A. bravely 　B．reasonably
　　　　C．hardly 　　D．obviously
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A. opened 　　　B．locked
　　　　C．closed 　　　D．broke
(　　)6.A. nowhere 　　　 B．somewhere
　　　　C．anywhere D．everywhere
(　　)7.A. hid 　　　B．lifted
　　　　C．swallowed D．dropped
(　　)8.A. in 　　　B．on
　　　　C．off 　　　 D．by
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.A. anxious B．cautious
C．courageous D．hungry
(　　)10.A. safe B．easy
　　　　 C．sweet D．unique
(　　)11.A. must B．can
C．should D．need
(　　)12.A. hold up B．hand out
C．pick up D．hand in
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.A. when B．after
C．before D．since
(　　)14.A. popular B．necessary
C．reliable D．important
(　　)15.A. wanted B．desired
C．expected D．admired
(　　)16.A. dirtier B．cleaner
C．cleverer D．quicker
专题一 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.A. money B．cigarettes
C．drinks D．food
(　　)18.A. reminded B．warned
C．ordered D．persuaded
(　　)19.A. first B．last
C．best D．worst
(　　)20.A. large B．fair
C．small D．full
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
【文章大意】 作为一个小加油站兼杂货铺的老板，他童叟无欺，心地善良，富有同情心，甚至连闯入店里抢劫东西的人也用那颗包容的心给他们以充分的自尊与希望。
1．C　根据语境The young man behind the counter…可知应选customers，意为：顾客。friend 朋友；neighbor邻居；passenger旅客，乘客。
专题一 │ 专题预测
2．A　respect尊敬，敬意；pride骄傲；wisdom智慧；privilege特权。根据语境，respect更符合题意。
3．A　根据语境He reads science fiction behind the counter但生意不很忙的时候看一些科幻小说。故slow更符合题意。
专题一 │ 专题预测
4．D　根据语境…grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could可知选obviously显然地。bravely勇敢地；reasonably合情合理地；hardly几乎不，都不符合题意。
5．B　根据行文逻辑可以看出，有人来抢劫，肯定要报警并锁好前门阻止抢劫犯逃脱。故选locked。
专题一 │ 专题预测
6．C　根据下文…simply crowded together in panic…可知他们不能逃走，前面有not，故选anywhere任何地方。句中如果没有not，就需要用nowhere。somewhere在某处，everywhere到处，处处。
7．D　下文“…what they had dropped”中有原词复现，故选dropped，意为：扔掉。hide躲藏；lift举起，提升；swallow吞咽。
专题一 │ 专题预测
8．B　固定搭配，on the way在路上，即将到来。句意：他们把食物扔掉，只是惊恐地拥挤在一起，因为他们知道警察马上就到了。
9．D　根据上文他们抢食物的语境可知他们无家可归，是因为饥饿才抢食物。故选hungry饥饿的。anxious 焦虑的，担忧的；cautious小心的；courageous勇敢的，有勇气的。
专题一 │ 专题预测
10．A　根据本句语境…expired (到期) but…虽然到期，但吃起来还是安全的。
11．B　must必须，can可以，should应该，need需要。根据语境“如果他们需要，可以吃”，故选can。
专题一 │ 专题预测
12．C　根据语境选pick up，捡起他们扔掉的东西。 hold up举起，hand out分发，pick up拾起，捡起，hand in上交。
13．A　根据本句语境可知选when，当警察来到的时候。
14．B　根据本句语境the situation was under control，情况得到控制，警察就不必要了，故选necessary必要的。
专题一 │ 专题预测
15．C　expect预料。由后面的“They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they’d done. Shocked，”可以看出，他们偷了东西反而受到了这样的待遇，这是他们所没有预料到的。want 需要，desire渴望，admire敬佩，羡慕。
16．B　根据上一段…and use the restroom to clean up可知他们会洗干净走出来。故选cleaner，更干净的。
专题一 │ 专题预测
17．D　根据全文内容他们来的目的就是食物，因此会拿了food出来。
18．A　reminded提醒，warned警告，ordered命令，persuaded劝说。“if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab”很显然是对他们的提醒，所以选remind。
专题一 │ 专题预测
19．B　根据下一句中but一词可以得知他自己不会说是个英雄。the last指最后的，即他自己不会说。
20．C　根据下文语境…a little bit of hope可知为a small amount of，少量的。
专题二 │ 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题二　夹叙夹议型
完形填空
　考题导读
专题二 │ 考题导读
　　夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热门的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这
专题二 │ 考题导读
一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完
专题二 │ 考题导读
整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·浙江] I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be __1__ Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought, “What would I say when the other kids asked what I’d __2__？” Just when I started to __3__ that there would not be a
专题二 │ 真题再现
Christmas that year, three women __4__ at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of __5__ that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn’t __6__. Somebody had thought __7__ of me to bring me a gift.
专题二 │ 真题再现
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __8__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __9__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __10__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
专题二 │ 真题再现
So I __11__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __12__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were __13__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __14__ them that
专题二 │ 真题再现
they couldn’t open their presents __15__ every child had come forward. Finally the __16__ they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __17__ up the room. The
专题二 │ 真题再现
__18__ in the room was obvious, and __19__ wasn’t just about toys. It was a feeling—the feeling I knew __20__ that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn’t forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A. sending　　　B．receiving
C．making D．exchanging
(　　)2.A. found B．prepared
C．got D．expected
(　　)3.A. doubt B. hope
C．suggest D．accept
(　　)4.A. broke in B．settled down
C．turned up D．showed off
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.A. relief B．loss
C．achievement D．justice
(　　)6.A. blamed B．loved
C．forgotten D．affected
(　　)7.A. highly B．little
C．poorly D．enough
(　　)8.A. present B．first
C．recent D．previous
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.A. hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)10.A. strength B. independence
C．importance D．safety
(　　)11.A. kept up with
B．caught up with
C．came up with
D．put up with
(　　)12.A. none B．few
C．some D．each
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)13.A. fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)14.A. reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)15.A. after B．until
C．when D．since
(　　)16.A. chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
专题二 │ 真题再现
(　　)17.A. lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
(　　)18.A. atmosphere B．sympathy
C．calmness D．joy
(　　)19.A. it B．such
C．something D．everybody
(　　)20.A. by B．till
C．for D．from
专题二 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，从而歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。
1．B　由上文可知，还是小孩子的我，在圣诞节来临，我应该是收到礼物，所以选择receiving。
专题二 │ 真题再现
2．C　联系上下文，此处表达的意思是别人问我收到了什么礼物，所以选择got。
3．D　联系上下文，推断此处表达的意思是：我开始接受没有礼物的现实，选择accept，其他三个选项意思都不符合。
4．C　break in闯入；settle down安居；turn up出现；show off炫耀。联系上下文此处是出现在我家，给我们圣诞礼物，故选择C，意思最贴切。
专题二 │ 真题再现
5．A　根据下文：I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school(当我回到学校时，我不会再感到难堪了。)可以推断出此处是表示我解脱了，松了一口气，故选择A。
6．C　分析四个选项，结合上下文，可以得知，这件礼物对我是多么重要，所以此处表达我将不会忘记这件事情，故选择C。
专题二 │ 真题再现
7．D　联系上下文，首先排除B、C，think highly of sb的意思是“对……评价很高”。此处根据作者的前面的心态，选择enough，表示有人关心自己。
8．B　联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first，西方人对于圣诞节很重视，是一家人团圆的日子，所以此时表达重要性，作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。选择B。
专题二 │ 真题再现
9．B　根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是很快就想到了那件让她难忘的事情，故选择B。
10．C　根据第一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨，和作者此刻的心情，她想让圣诞节礼物使孩子们认识到自己的重要性。
专题二 │ 真题再现
11．C　从上一段可以推断，是我提出(came up with)了一个让我公司的四十个人来帮忙的计划。
12．D　根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
13．B　每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
专题二 │ 真题再现
14．A　从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，我提醒每个人开始不要打开礼物。
15．B　选择until，直到每个人都拿到礼物。
16．C　根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待的拆礼物的时刻到来了，故选择moment。
专题二 │ 真题再现
17．A　分析四个选项的意思，根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
18．D　联系上下文，分析四个选项的意思，此处是表达欢乐，故选择D。
19．A　联系上下文，得知：欢乐不仅仅是因为玩具。所以选择it，指代欢乐。
20．D　联系上下文，此处表示：我从很久以前的那次圣诞节上获得的感觉再次感受到了。故选择from。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening. The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had __1__ finding the keyhole. When I __2__ to open the door, I __3__ around the wall for a light switch. I found a plate where a switch was __4__ installed…but no switch!
专题二 │ 专题预测
Not discouraged easily, I remembered __5__ a lamp by the bed when I deposited my luggage __6__ in the day. I found the bed in the __7__ and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing __8__！ I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes
专题二 │ 专题预测
in from the __9__ to find another lamp. So I __10__ my way slowly across the room to the curtains and…no drawstring(拉带)! I finally stumbled (跌跌撞撞地走) around __11__ I found a desk lamp which actually __12__！
专题二 │ 专题预测
That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world __13__ be and how necessary light is! But even more necessary than __14__ light is the light that shines from people—the light of __15__ and faith. Because, for many people, the world is a dark and __16__ place. For someone today just may be stumbling in
专题二 │ 专题预测
discouragement or sadness or fear and in __17__ of some light. So let your light shine. Whatever light you __18__ may be a beacon of hope and encouragement. And if you feel that your light is __19__ a candle in a forest, remember—there isn’t enough darkness in all the world to __20__ the light of one small candle.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. confidence　　　　　B．respect
C．admiration D．difficulty
(　　)2.A. managed B．failed
C．wished D．meant
(　　)3.A. touched B．felt
C．sensed D．looked
(　　)4.A. already B．never
C．still D．once
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A. equiping B．producing
C．spotting D．removing
(　　)6.A. later B．earlier
C．lower D．upper
(　　)7.A. light B．dark
C．room D．corner
(　　)8.A. happened B．operated
C．fired D．developed
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.A. machine B．street
C．room D．car
(　　)10.A. wound B．forced
C．made D．lost
(　　)11.A. after B．until
C．while D．since
(　　)12.A. helped B．affected
C．worked D．inspired
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.A. can B．shall
C．will D．must
(　　)14.A. mental B．psychological
C．electrical D．physical
(　　)15.A. existence B．love
C．truth D．wisdom
(　　)16.A. lonely B．colourful
C．friendly D．complex
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.A. short B．favour
C．face D．need
(　　)18.A. make B．offer
C．take D．contribute
(　　)19.A. not more than B．other than
C．no more than D．rather than
(　　)20.A. put out B．give out
C．get over D．set up
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
(一)
【文章大意】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自己晚上在黑暗中找灯这件小事，想到世上人人都可能处于“黑暗”之中，如果我们都能用自己的“爱心”之灯去温暖他人，世界将变得更加美好。
1．D　根据上文晚上头顶的灯坏了，可知我找寻钥匙孔有困难，故选difficulty，意为：困难。confidence 信心；respect尊敬；admiration钦佩，羡慕。
专题二 │ 专题预测
2．A　根据下文可知，“我”已经把门打开。manage to do sth表成功地做某事。fail to do sth没能做成某事； wish to do sth希望做某事； mean to do sth打算做某事。
3．B　根据语境可知，由于晚上没有灯，“我”只好摸索前进，只有feel符合语境。touch 触摸；sense感觉；look 看见。
专题二 │ 专题预测
4．D　根据“but no switch”可以推知，“我”认为那里曾经安装了开关，因此在那里摸索，结果并没有，只有once(曾经)符合语境。
5．C　上文提到这是一个旅馆，自己是暂时住到这里，排除了A项。从下文一句when I deposited my luggage可知应选C项spot，意为“注意到，看到，发现”。
专题二 │ 专题预测
6．B　从上文remembered可知，“我”在那天早些时候发现有开关，现在仍然记得，故选earlier，意为：早些时候。
7．B　因为是晚上，所以选择dark。in the dark意为：在黑暗中。
8．A　根据文意排除了C、D。句子的主语是nothing而非lamp，故动词operated不正确。因此，只有A项正确。
专题二 │ 专题预测
9．B　根据文意和下文curtains可推知，“我”现在处在黑暗中，只能拉开窗帘，靠外部街道上的光来找到另一盏灯，故选B。
10．C　根据文意和下文slowly across the room可知，“我”现在摸索着去拉窗帘。make one’s way意为“前往，到……去”，符合文意。
11．B　根据文意和下文actually可知，我最终找到了灯，故选until。
专题二 │ 专题预测
12．C　根据主语a desk lamp和副词actually可知，这盏灯亮了。此意只有work可以表达。
13．A　根据文意，“我”此时心有所感，世界有时是多么黑暗，而灯是如此必要！can可以表示“有时会……，时而可能”，故选A项。
专题二 │ 专题预测
14．D　根据文意和下句the light that shines from people可知，人们“内心的灯光”比实际的灯光更有必要。physical在此意为“物质的，有形的”。
15．B　由文意可知，我们心中应该有“爱和信任”之灯，才能战胜discouragement，sadness，fear，故选love。
16．A　由文意和dark可知，有时我们中许多人会处在黑暗和孤独的世界，故选lonely，意为：孤独的。colourful 丰富多彩的；friendly有好的； complex复杂的。
专题二 │ 专题预测
17．D　由文意可知，当人们失望、难过和害怕时会需要帮助，因此选D项need，意为：需要。
18．B　由上文So let your light shine. 可知，作者在鼓励我们要主动去帮助别人，故选offer，意为：(主动)提供。
专题二 │ 专题预测
19．C　细心揣摩文意可知，我们的爱心之灯在茫茫的黑暗中是如此渺小，好像是森林中的一只蜡烛，故选no more than，意为：只是，仅仅。相当于only。not more than 不超过，不比……更……，至多；other than除了，不同于； rather than而不是。
20．A　由文意可知，黑暗再强大，也没有足够的力量扑灭小如蜡烛的“爱心之灯”，故选put out，意为：熄灭。give out 发出；get over克服； set up树立。
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
When I began my high school years, I was quite interested in biology. I read lots of books of my father’s about animals, and I was __1__ much educated about such matters as a 16 year old could be.
专题二 │ 专题预测
One Sunday afternoon, I was __2__ with friends about animals. I said the whale(鲸鱼)was __3__ a mammal animal. They disagreed. Finally, I called a __4__ over to help settle the matter. I knew I was __5__， so I was looking forward to the teacher __6__ I was right. My friends were eager for an opposite answer. We asked her __7__ the whale was a mammal. “No, the whale is a fish，” she said without a moment’s __8__.
专题二 │ 专题预测
You could have knocked me over with a feather. My __9__ was hurt because I lost the argument, but that wasn’t the main reason I was too __10__ to speak. I still knew I was right, which __11__ the teacher was wrong. Not only was she wrong, __12__ she was completely ignorant(无知的) about something I thought was __13__ knowledge. But she was a teacher who had taught a long time. Everyone __14__ her and no one else thought she could be wrong.
专题二 │ 专题预测
__15__ that, I hadn’t known grown ups could be wrong. This __16__ shaped the way I viewed people as I grew up. __17__ I found anyone treated another person with too much respect and admiration, I thought—and still think“ __18__ silly.” From that point on, I had no __19__ for authority(权威). To earn my respect, you have to be smart or __20__. I’ll never respect you just because you happen to be in charge or have a degree.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. as B．so
C．too D．very
(　　)2.A. meeting B．working
C．arguing D．staying
(　　)3.A. about B．like
C．beside D．above
(　　)4.A. professor B．biologist
C．librarian D．teacher
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.A. clever B．right
C．creative D．silly
(　　)6.A. proving B．finding
C．promising D．hoping
(　　)7.A. how B．why
C．if D．when
(　　)8.A. doubt B．silence
C．regret D．hesitation
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.A. heart B．mind
C．pride D．feeling
(　　)10.A. foolish B．anxious
C．serious D．astonished
(　　)11.A. meant B．suggested
C．admitted D．concluded
(　　)12.A. and B．but
C．for D．or
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)13.A. special B．normal
C．regular D．common
(　　)14.A. pleased B．admired
C．believed D．loved
(　　)15.A. Before B．After
C．Until D．Since
(　　)16.A. fairly B．properly
C．nearly D．greatly
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)17.A. Whenever B．Although
C．While D．Whether
(　　)18.A. I’m B．that’s
C．he’s D．you’re
(　　)19.A. idea B．respect
C．choice D．question
(　　)20.A. energetic B．patient
C．talented D．diligent
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
【文章大意】 作者在与朋友的一次争辩中，老师的无知让作者的自豪感荡然无存。从此以后，作者不再盲目相信权威，而是佩服真正拥有聪明才智的人。
1．A　本句用了“as…as…”的结构，意思是作者在这方面得到了和一个16岁大的孩子一样多的教育。
2．C　根据后两句的内容可知作者当时在和朋友“争论”。此外，第三段第二句中的argument也是线索提示。
专题二 │ 专题预测
3．B　作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，朋友们“不同意”，由此才有了之后的叫老师来解决争端。因此选B 项。
4．D　根据下一句后半句中的内容可知，作者请“老师”来解决这个问题。
5．B　根据本句后半句中的内容可知作者知道自己是“对”的。作者对生物学感兴趣且读过不少书，他对自己的观点深信不疑。
专题二 │ 专题预测
6．A　作者对自己的观点非常自信，所以希望老师能够“证明” (prove)自己是正确的。
7．C　上文中提到作者说鲸鱼是哺乳动物，而作者的朋友则持相反的观点，所以询问老师鲸鱼“是否”是哺乳动物。此处if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
8．D　下文叙述的是老师的无知，由此可以推断她毫不“犹豫”地回答说鲸鱼不是哺乳动物，而是鱼。without hesiation毫不犹豫。
专题二 │ 专题预测
9．C　文章第一段中提到作者阅读了很多关于动物的书籍，自然知晓鲸鱼是哺乳动物，在与朋友争辩中显然为自己知道事实真相而感到“自豪”，但是老师的无知让作者的自豪感受到了伤害。
10．D　作者明明知道自己的观点正确，而老师竟然毫不犹豫地否定，作者自然感到非常“吃惊”，一时无话可说。
专题二 │ 专题预测
11．A　作者依然知道自己是正确的，这“意味着”老师的观点是错误的。A项表示“意味着”；B项表示“提议，表明”；C项表示“承认”；D项表示“推出，断定”。
12．B　此句是“not only…but also…”结构，表示“不但……而且……”，but后面省略了also。
专题二 │ 专题预测
13．D　common knowledge表示“常识”，此处common表示“普通的，平常的”。她不但错了，而且她对作者认为的常识完全不知晓。special“特殊的”，normal“正常的”，regular“规律的”，都不符合所给语境。
专题二 │ 专题预测
14．C　上一句中提到她的教龄很长，再结合本句后半句的内容可知每个人都“相信”她的话。pleased表示“取悦”，admired表示“钦佩，羡慕”，loved表示“喜爱”，均不符合语意。
15．A　在此“之前”，作者一直不知道成年人也犯错。而C项构成“not…until…”结构，主语的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，所以用在此处不合适。B、D两项均不符合语意。故选A项。
专题二 │ 专题预测
16．D　上述事件在作者的成长过程中“极大地”影响了对别人的看法。fairly表示“相当地”时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，properly表示“适当地”，nearly表示“几乎”，均不符合语意。
专题二 │ 专题预测
17．A　此处所要表达的意思是“每当”作者发现有人对另外一个人过于尊敬或崇拜的时候……所以用whenever“无论何时”。虽然C项也可以表示“当……时候”，但是谓语动词应该是延续性动词，所以不可选。B、D两项都不符合语意。
18．B　此处that承接上文，指代本句前半句的内容，即有人过于尊敬或崇拜另一个人的做法。
专题二 │ 专题预测
19．B　上一句中提到作者厌恶人们过于尊敬或崇拜他人，由此可知作者不再“尊重”所谓的权威。此外，下一句中to earn my respect也是线索提示。
20．C　“鲸鱼”事件后，作者改变了以往的做法，开始看重聪明“才智”，而不是地位或者学位的高低。talented有才能的；energetic精力充沛的；patient有耐心的；diligent刻苦的。
专题三 │ 议论文型完形填空
专题三　议论文型
完形填空
　考题导读
专题三 │ 考题导读
　　议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。
专题三 │ 考题导读
有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his
专题三 │ 真题再现
strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__， he loaded his family into the car and __4__ them to see family members in Canada with a __5__.“There are more important things in life than money. ”
专题三 │ 真题再现
The __6__ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __7__ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__ that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t. __9__， their reaction echoed (共鸣) their great grandfather’s. What they __10__ was how warm the people were in the house and how __11__ of their heart was accessible.
专题三 │ 真题再现
Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children __12__ hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__ in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in storytelling events and festivals.
专题三 │ 真题再现
A university __14__ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to __15__ parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
专题三 │ 真题再现
The __16__ is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that __18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s __19__， and make eye contact (接触) to create “a personal experience”. We don’t have to tell children __20__ they should take from the story and what the moral is.
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A. missed　　 　B．lost
C．forgot D．ignored
(　　)2.A. when B．while
C．how D．why
(　　)3.A. friendless B．worthless
C．penniless D．homeless
(　　)4.A. fetched B．allowed
C．expected D．took
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)5.A. hope B．promise
C．suggestion D．belief
(　　)6.A. tale B．agreement
C．arrangement D．report
(　　)7.A. large B．small
C．new D．grand
(　　)8.A. surprised B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．worried
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)9.A. Therefore B．Besides
C．Instead D．Otherwise
(　　)10.A. talked about B．cared about C．wrote about D．heard about
(　　)11.A. much B．many
C．little D．few
(　　)12.A. beyond B．over
C．behind D．through
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)13.A. argument B．skill
C．interest D．anxiety
(　　)14.A. study B．design
C．committee D．staff
(　　)15.A. provide B．retell
C．support D．refuse
(　　)16.A. trouble B．gift
C．fact D．trick
专题三 │ 真题再现
(　　)17.A. perform B．write
C．hear D．question
(　　)18.A. means B．ends
C．begins D．proves
(　　)19.A. needs B．activities
C．judgments D．habits
(　　)20.A. that B．what
C．which D．whom
专题三 │ 真题再现
参考答案：
【文章大意】 研究表明，给孩子们讲述先辈们艰苦奋斗的故事不仅有助于他们度过难关，也可以缓解他们的精神压力——减消怒气和焦虑。
1．B　他给他们讲述了他爷爷——一位银行家，在20世纪30年代几乎失去了一切，但没有忘记他最重视的东西的故(共104张PPT)
　　专题一 记叙文型基础写作
　　专题二 应用文型基础写作
　　专题三 说明文型基础写作
　　专题四 议论文型基础写作
　　
模块5　基础写作
模块 5　基础写作
考纲解读
模块5│ 考纲解读
　　广东省高考英语写作分为两部分，一是基础写作，即我们常说的控制性写作，二是读写任务写作，属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作，测试的内容正在从知识型向能力型转变，写作文体日趋多元化，命题更具开放性，也就是说对考生英语写作能力的要求也在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力，如用词的合理性、
模块5│ 考纲解读
结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。按照基础写作的评分标准——1.信息内容的完整性(Completeness)；2.信息内容的连贯性(Coherence)；3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness)；4.句子结构的复杂性(Variety)——要求考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表达信息要点，尽量避免一些易受汉语思维影响而犯的书面表达错误。总之，考生必须具备用英语熟练地表达自己所在的生活环境的能力。
命题分析
模块5│ 命题分析
　　1．基础写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活，如：校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料2011年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内，并为所有考生熟悉。
2．写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题形式多为看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息写一篇通讯报道，写一封短信或一份通知等应用文。
模块5│ 命题分析
应试点睛
模块5│ 应试点睛
基础写作主要考查同学们对英语基本句型的运用，整合知识的能力和语言结构安排及基本表述的能力。此题基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥，只需将所给信息完整准确连贯地写出就可以了。其实际上就是翻译和连词成句，扩句成文的形式。
1．仔细审读写作要求和写作内容信息；
2．确定标题(如果题中要求写标题就确定标题，若题中没做要求则可以不写)；
模块5│ 应试点睛
　　
3．写出要点(如：文中涉及到的重点词汇、短语及句型)；
4. 列提纲(列提纲的过程实际上是一个谋篇布局，把内容要点按恰当合理的顺序排列，使文章条理、通顺的过程)；
5．写草稿并对其修改润色；
6．复查(复查的项目包括：格式是否正确，内容是否完整，表达是否准确，行文是否连贯等)并使用合适的方法将5个句子衔接成连贯的文章。常用的衔接手段是使用过渡词语。
题型探究
模块5│ 题型探究
　　我们来谈论一下基础写作的解题方法。难点是难句的表达， 每一道题目的中文内容都有一些与英文表达稍有差异甚至大相径庭的表达形式。
例　 假设你是李华， 请根据你校美化校园的规划， 用英语给你在美国的笔友Peter写一封信， 介绍该规划。信的主要内容如下：
　探究点一　　难句的表达
模块5│ 题型探究
模块5│ 题型探究
[写作要求]
1．应包含所给出的全部信息， 开头和结尾已经给出。
2．必须使用5个句子组成连贯的短文。
Dear Peter，
I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.______________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
模块5│ 题型探究
【学生样本】
Dear Peter，
I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program. ①In order to make our school beautiful and clean the air, we plan to have more trees in our school now. ②In order to get a good place to study and live, we have many plans. ③First, we plan to build up a botanical garden
模块5│ 题型探究
and let_students_visit_and_use. ④Second, we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study. ⑤At last, we plan to build up some statues of famous people to effect students and teachers.
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
模块5│ 题型探究
【评论点拨】
我们来看看学生的样本有什么地方可以改进：
第①句：“In order to make our school beautiful and clean the air ”比较生硬， to make our school beautiful应该改为to make our school more beautiful；“we plan to have more trees in our school now”中的have改为plant会好些。
模块5│ 题型探究
第②句：是个废句， 而且还霸占了后面的信息的位置。
第③句：“First, we plan to build up a botanical garden and let_students_visit_and_use.”中的画线部分没有表达出“供同学们参观、实践”的意思。
第④句：“Second, we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study.”中应删掉up, study后应该加上in。不过改为“Second, we plan to build a small garden in which we can take a rest and do some reading.”会好些。
模块5│ 题型探究
第⑤句：“At last, we plan to build up some statues of famous people to effect students and teachers.”中的effect应该改为encourage。
这篇文章的主语全部都是we, 好处是可以最大限度地减少英语表达方面的错误， 但是比较单调， 可能影响高分。不过， 我们只要变换句式， 例如改为被动语态， 就可以改善效果。
模块5│ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fre sher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in. According to the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school. A botanical garden will be built
模块5│ 题型探究
for us to visit and practise in. Besides, we are to build a small garden in which we can do some reading and take a rest. What’s more, some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
【注】 由于主语灵活变动， 使文章读起来摆脱了呆板， 行文有了生气。
模块5│ 题型探究
有时候我们发现有些句子不能够简单地直接翻译， 我们可以运用意义对等的原则， 把原文的意义用另外一种英语结构表达出来，既意译法。
例 　广州珠江钢琴厂有产品打入欧洲市场， 并且能够在欧洲设厂；在中国， 只有广州珠江钢琴厂做到了。
这个意思， 我们可以这样处理：The Zhujiang Piano Factory is the only manufacturer in China with branches and business in Europe.
　探究点二 意译的使用
模块5│ 题型探究
【评论点拨】
这个句子使用“with branches and business in Europe”意译为“有产品打入欧洲市场， 并且能够在欧洲设厂”， 使用“the only manufacturer in China”意译为“在中国， 只有广州珠江钢琴厂做到了”， 句子使用“manufacturer”一词， 与前面的“factory”对应， 表示“生产厂家”的意思。至于“广州珠江钢琴厂”就好办了， 只需要翻译为“The Zhujiang Piano Factory”。
模块5│ 题型探究
　 我们认真观察， 中文使用了3个动词“做到、打入、设厂”， 英文只有一个is充当表语， 动词都变成了介词“in…with…in…”，提示名词之间的关系；中文使用定语＋中心词形式“有产品打入欧洲市场， 并且能够在欧洲设厂(的企业)”， 但是英语使用的是中心词＋后置定语形式“manufacturer in China with branches and business in Europe”。
模块5│ 题型探究
以上例子告诉我们：逐字逐句死译只能是死路一条， 意译必须从整体的宏观角度把握全局， 从瞄准原文的写作目的出发， 为实现原文的交际目的而努力。
我们再来体会几个句子：
1．老师的鼓励把我带进了充满挑战的科研道路。
My teacher’s encouragement led me down onto a path to scientific research full of challenges.
(动词词组lead…down onto…to…full of拖动句子， 动词少， 介词多)
模块5│ 题型探究
　　2．我对英文很感兴趣， 老师表扬了我。
The teacher praised me for my great interest in English.
(先结果后原因， 动词词组praise…for…in拖动句子。试比较：Because I was greatly interested in English, the teacher praised me. 先原因后结果。哪一个句子表达更好？)
模块5│ 题型探究
3．树上结满了果子。
The branches of the trees were heavy with fruit.
(典型的意译手法， 先结果后原因， 动词词组were heavy with 生动地描述了硕果累累的情景。)
模块5│ 题型探究
我们经常说这个句子地道， 就是因为这个句子体现了英语民族的思维方式在语言表达上的投射。
例 　比较以下句子：
1．Clinton had wanted to collect heavy tax on the middle class.
修改后： Heavy tax on the middle class was Clinton’s idea.
　探究点三　　句子的质量
模块5│ 题型探究
　　2．The people who listen to the radio have a habit of getting up early, but those who watch TV usually go to bed late.
修改后： Radio listeners are early birds, but TV viewers are usually night owls.
3．After the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture, they made great progress in agriculture.
修改后： The use of industrial methods was the reason for America’s great progress in agriculture.
模块5│ 题型探究
　　【评论点拨】
第1句运用“先结果后原因”的逻辑表达方式， 首先呈现信息的焦点“向中产阶级征收重税”， 然后才说“这是克林顿想干的事情”。句子的was就是“曾经”的意思。
模块5│ 题型探究
第2句运用构词法与修辞手法。the people who listen to the radio被复合词radio listeners所代替， those who watch TV被复合词TV viewers所代替， 干脆利落。have a habit of getting up early读起来有点呆板， 使用修辞手法把早起的人比喻为early birds, 又把晚睡的人比喻为night owls, 这样读起来就饶有趣味。
模块5│ 题型探究
　 第3句运用名词化的技术。所谓名词化， 就是把英文的动词改为名词， 通过介词来指示名词之间的关系。the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture…是一个句子， 修改后变为名词短语 the use of industrial methods。句子they made great progress in agriculture变为名词短语America’s great progress in agriculture。前一个名词短语是原因， 后一个名词短语是结果， 中间用名词reason就说明了两个名词短语之间的关系。
模块5│ 题型探究
广东高考英语基础写作的特点之一是：信息要经过处理才能够写成文章。处理的方式有两种：第一种比较简单， 我们称为“非信息选择”型， 考生只需要把题目要求的全部信息表达出来就可以了。第二种是“超量信息”型， 考生必须要进行“选择性写作”， 不需要也不能够把题目所有全部信息表达出来。这种的难度较大。“超量信息”型基础写作的最大特征是题目含有不需要的信息， 这种信息必须予以摒弃。如果含有这种不需要的信息， 其结果是“该写的没写， 不该写的写了”， 分数就会很低。
　探究点四　　“超量信息”型
模块5│ 题型探究
例　 请根据以下你在研究性学习中搜集到的小明学习英文写作的方法和心得， 挑选相关信息写一篇文章作为演讲稿。
[写作内容]
小明说， 要背诵范文， 这样可以运用英语思维进行模仿性写作；要多阅读英文文章， 这样可以吸收语言材料；要听英文广播， 这样可以提高听力水平；要学习语法， 这样可以正确表达；要多写日记， 这样可以在练中学；要多练习口语， 这样可以提高口头技能；要参考别人的作文， 这样可以取长补短。
模块5│ 题型探究
　　[写作要求]
1．必须紧扣题目《怎样学习英文写作》。
2．必须使用5个规范的英语句子， 组织成连贯的短文。
3．开头、结尾已经写好， 不计入总句数。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确， 信息内容完整， 篇章结构连贯。
模块5│ 题型探究
Ladies and gentlemen,
Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
模块5│ 题型探究
【评论点拨】
信息的筛选
根据题目要求， “怎样学习英文写作”只涉及与写作有关的材料， 这是一个非常重要的要求， 言下之意就是说， “听英文广播”与“练习口语”不属于学习英文写作的方法。那么， 有效的信息只有5个， 分别是：背诵范文、多阅读英文文章、学习语法、多写日记和参考别人的作文， 另外加上这些做法的目的。
模块5│ 题型探究
模块5│ 题型探究
【学生样本】
Ladies and gentlemen，
Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing. ①Firstly, I will recite the model article so that I can imitate writing by English thoughts.
②Secondly, I will read more English article to absorb more language material.
③Thirdly, I will learn grammar to express in the right way.
模块5│ 题型探究
④What’s more, in order to learn by doing, I will write some diaries.
⑤In addition, I will refer to other’s article so that I can gain the advantages to mend my disadvantages.
That’s all. Thank you.
模块5│ 题型探究
　　【参考范文】
Ladies and gentlemen,
Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.
I often recite good English articles, which helps me think in English when I imitate English writing. I also read English articles widely to take in as many language materials as possible.
模块5│ 题型探究
Besides, in order to express correctly, I think it important to learn some grammar. I keep a diary every day so that I can learn by writing. Also I often refer to others’ articles to know what I need and what I can learn from others.
That’s all. Thank you.
专题一 记叙文型
基础写作　　　
专题一│ 记叙文型基础写作
　专题导读
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要是用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人称是用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点：
专题一 │ 专题导读
1.注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。
2.信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。
3.记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。
4.高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。
　典例导练
专题一 │ 典例导练
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　[写作内容]
根据以上情况写一篇采访报道，并包括如下内容：
1．采访的时间、对象和主题；
2．中小学生近视的发生率及人数；
3．专家解读。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
专题一 │ 典例导练
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　【参考范文】
Last weekend, I made an interview to the well known eye doctor, Professor Wang, about the short sightedness of the middle school students of our country. From the survey, I learned that more than 50% of the middle school students are short sighted, the number of which is the largest in the world(ranking
专题一 │ 典例导练
the first in the world). Professor Wang told me that the reason of the short sightedness is so complicated that no medicine can cure it. He suggested that we should participate in the outdoor activities more and not exhaust our eyes. Besides, he especially told us the way of holding the pen has much to do with the short sightedness.
　专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
May 20th, Wednesday Cloudy and drizzle
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
May 20th, Wednesday Cloudy and drizzle
Yesterday my classmates and I went to West Mountain and had a picnic.
All of us set off at seven o’clock from our school gate and rode to the foot of the mountain. After an hour’s climbing, we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed
专题一 │ 专题预测
the beautiful scenery. Running, singing, jumping, playing chess and games and taking photos, we had a wonderful time there.
After the picnic lunch at three o’clock, we felt very tired, so we went down the mountain and came home.
专题一３│ 专题预测
(二)
请根据以下的情景说明，使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。
[情景说明]
假如你叫孙军，是某市一所中学的学生，要给市长写一封信，反映学校门前交通拥挤现象，信须包括以下要点：
专题一│ 专题预测
专题一│ 专题预测
参考词汇：穿行 thread one’s way; 天桥 overpass
[写作要求]
1．短文必须使用5个句子介绍包括以上表格中的全部内容，其中三个句子必须为复合句，可以适当增减细节，使内容连贯。
2．要以书信的格式写这篇反应情况的短文。
3．书信的开头及结尾已经写好，但不计入总句数。
专题一│ 专题预测
Dear Mayor，
I am a student of No. 5 Middle School. Here I have something to tell you. _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Sun Jun
专题一│ 专题预测
【参考范文】
Dear Mayor，
I am a student of No. 5 Middle School. Here I have something to tell you. Beside my school there is a primary school and the gates of the two schools both face the main road. In rush hours, there are so many cars, buses and bikes on the main road that the students have to cross the road to school. Crowds of people often thread their way through the moving cars and
专题一│ 专题预测
buses. What’s worse, some pupils are too young to go to school by themselves, so many parents have to go along with them to make sure that their children are safe. I think the government should build an overpass over the road so that we can pass through it safely; otherwise accidents are sure to happen from time to time. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Sun Jun
专题二 应用文型
基础写作
专题二│ 应用文型基础写作
　专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　应用文是指日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实，准确，简洁。由于应用文使用广泛而频繁，其表达内容结构严谨，易于理解掌握。写作时要注意以下几点：
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　1．正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求表达正文内容。
2．注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用现在时态。
3．应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会考查到，所以要重点掌握。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　典例导练
专题二 │ 典例导练
[写作内容]
请根据以上内容给学校英语墙报写一篇通讯，内容包括：
1．禁烟决定的内容及实施的时间和范围；
2．目标和措施；
3．相关数据。
专题二 │ 典例导练
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
专题二 │ 典例导练
【参考范文】
My country begins to carry out the policy that prevents smoking in public buildings since January 1st, 2011.The main aim is to make every public room have no smoke by posting the sign of preventing smoking. There are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent. Because of these smokers, about 540 million non smokers are influenced. More than 100 thousand people per year die because of the second hand smoke.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　(一)
最近我国的教育专家对我国中学生所喜爱的节日进行了一项调查，北京、成都等地的1000多名中学生接受了调查。结果表明，80%以上的学生对春节等我国的传统节日知晓，50%的学生最喜爱春节，其他情况如下图所示。
　专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1．请根据以上内容，为学校广播站写一篇英文发言稿；
2．只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　 (一)
【参考范文】
Recently some Chinese educational experts did a survey to find out which festivals are the most favorite ones among middle school students. More than 1,000 students from Beijing and Chengdu and so on participated in the activity. The result shows that over 80%
专题二 │ 专题预测
of the students are familiar with our classical festivals. About 50% of the students choose the Spring Festival as their most favorite. Next comes Christmas Day, Father’s Day and Mother’s Day and Mid autumn Day, with 20%, 10% and about 8% respectively.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　 (二)
假设你是吴东，拾到一部电子词典，请失主前来认领。
[写作内容]
时间：2010年10月10日晚
地点：学校运动场
特征：新，灰色，比名片稍大，杂志般厚
联系地址：本校学生宿舍D座502室
联系电话：22221368
专题二 │ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1．标题：Lost and Found；
2．必须用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容；
3．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
【参考范文】
Lost and Found
On the evening of October 10th, 2010, I picked up an electronic dictionary on the playground of our school. It is new, grey, a little bigger than a card and as thick as a magazine. The owner of the dictionary can phone me. My name is Wu Dong and my telephone number is 22221368. I live in Room 502 of Building D of the student dormitory of our school.
专题三 说明文型
基础写作　　
专题三│ 说明文型基础写作
　专题导读
专题三│ 专题导读
说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。写作这类文章需注意以下几点：
1．首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点，不可遗漏也不能添加。
专题三│ 专题导读
2．写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法和分类法等。
3．时态常用一般现在时。若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时。语态可能用到被动语态。若是介绍地点环境等，要善于运用there be结构。
专题三│ 典例导练
　典例导练
专题三│ 典例导练
[写作内容]
1．鼠标的必要性。
2．鼠标的便捷性。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
专题三│ 典例导练
【参考范文】
The mouse is a most effective device used
by people to communicate with a computer.
For most people，it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse，which is really handy，flexible and convenient in controlling the screen.With the functions of inserting，deleting，moving and copying，it
专题三│ 典例导练
enables us to edit text, browse web pages and download what we want.It can also help us e mail people，shop online and find friends around the world.A simple click with a cute mouse can even brings us a flood of music, movies and PC games.
专题三│ 专题预测
　专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
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专题三│ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
Solar cars are cars that use sunlight for power while common cars use gas or petral as their fuel. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages. Solar cars are safe and clean, but they have low power, they are slow and they cannot run at mon cars have strong power and they are convenient to use, but they pollute the environment.
专题三│ 专题预测
I think we need to develop future technologies to improve the power for solar cars and to use clean energy for common cars.
专题三│ 专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
参考词汇：拉萨 Lhasa；冻土frozen earth；高原 plateau
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专题三│ 专题预测
【参考范文】
Qinghai Tibet Railway, the world’s highest railway, extends 1956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa. It has set up a number of world records in the history of railway construction. It has 550 kilometers of track laid on frozen earth, the longest distance
专题三│ 专题预测
anywhere in the world. It also has the highest railway station on the route, Tanggula Station, which is 5068 meters above sea level. And Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, running 1686 meters, is the world’s longest plateau tunnel built on frozen earth.
专题四 议论文型
基础写作　　　
专题四│ 议论文型基础写作
专题四│ 专题导读
　　议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三个要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。议论文的写作要注意以下几点：
　专题导读
专题四│ 专题导读
1、准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出要点；
2、合理安排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式；
3、注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时，但述说过去的事实时，可用过去时态；预测将来时，要用将来时态；也经常使用被动语态；有时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。
专题四│ 典例导练
　典例导读
专题四│ 典例导练
[写作内容]
1．告诉Grown up要理解母亲。
2．给Grown up提出解决问题的具体建议。
[写作要求]
1．人称：第二人称；时态：一般现在时。
2．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
3．短文开头已给出，但不计入总句数。
专题四│ 典例导练
Hi, Grown up，
As a student of your age, I understand your situation.
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
专题四│ 典例导练
【参考范文】
Hi，Grown up，
As a student of your age，I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers, But it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt your mother’s feelings. You may try to find time to have a heart to heart talk with her, expressing your ideas and attitudes toward
专题四│ 典例导练
many things. And what’s more important is that you should learn to do your own things well，proving that you are already a“grownup”. It’s even better if you could share more of the housework，such as cleaning，washing and cooking.
Hope my ideas will work.
专题四│ 专题预测
　专题预测
专题四│ 专题预测
　[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
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专题四│ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
Coaching books are now very popular among middle school students, and they are playing an important role in our school life.
Coaching books can help us review, summerize and consolidate what we learned before, and they can also guide us how to learn in future. Good coaching books are just like good teachers, which are a great help to us learning.
专题四│ 专题预测
However, we cannot depend too much on coaching books, because the best way of learning is to learn by ourselves. What’s more, some coaching books are in poor quality, so we need to choose and judge by ourselves.
专题四│ 专题预测
专题四│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
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专题四│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
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专题四│ 专题预测
(二)
【参考范文】
Advertisements are very common in modern society, and they are now playing an important role in our life.
Advertisements can tell people a lot of information about new products—qualities, prices, where to get and so on. What’s more, they can also attract potential customers’ interest and help increase the selling quantity.
专题四│ 专题预测
However, we shouldn’t trust advertisements too much because sometimes the products are not really like what the advertisers claim to be. It is best to check the products before we decide to buy them.(共116张PPT)
专题一　记叙文型书面表达
专题二 议论文型书面表达
专题三 说明文型书面表达
专题四 应用文型书面表达
模块 7　书面表达
模块 7　书面表达
考纲解读
模块 7 │考纲解读
书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表、提纲等，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力，是一种复合型的题型。
命题分析
模块 7 │ 命题分析
　　从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看，高考书面表达表现出下面的命题特点：
1．格局：“提示型、半开放式”写作
2010年各省市的书面表达题基本都属于提示型写作，写作要求明确，提示简明，完全摒弃原有的纯粹“翻译型”命题，不再禁锢同学们的思维空间。题目设置一般都提供图画、图表、提纲等情景。试题设置
模块 7 │ 命题分析
均为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地，这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精确地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解，要言之有物，言之有理，充分体现出思维的广度和深度。
模块 7 │ 命题分析
　 2．体裁：应用文独占鳌头
今年的高考书面表达处处体现了新课改对高考“体现英语教学的交际性、实用性和应用性，提高考生的综合语言运用能力”的要求。依然沿袭以往的风格，强调写作的目的性和实用性。应用文仍是主打体裁。
模块 7 │ 命题分析
　 3．理念：源于生活，高于生活
2010年高考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活，写作话题真实，同学们有话可写。书面表达情景实用性程度高，每一份试卷都符合同学们认知水平和日常生活经历；题目设计关注同学们成长，注意培养同学们良好的道德品质和健全的人格(如江西卷和北京卷等)；另外，所涉及话题关注社会，富有新时代特色，能唤起同学们强烈的主人翁意识和责任感(如福建卷的节水、广东卷基础写作的戒烟问题)。这种贴近生活、立足基础、发扬个性、关注环境的设题理念仍将是近几年高考书面表达的基本思路。
应试点睛
模块 7 │ 应试点睛
　 1．火眼金睛细审题
审题是高质量书面表达的前提。第一要审文体。高考书面表达体裁主要有记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。所以考生首先要准确确定文体。然后审格式。近几年高考书面表达的格式以书信、求职信、通知和看图作文等为最多，考生对这些文体格式都应有明确的认识，并熟练掌握。另外在开始构思之前，一定要认真阅读写作要求中的所有信息，确定好基本时态。特别要注意人称的使用，因为高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，人称错误要扣除所得分数的三分之一。
模块 7 │ 应试点睛
2．列出要点免遗漏
高考书面表达评分标准之一是要点齐全，漏掉要点要相应地扣分。细读所提供的信息和要求后，最好把需要表达的全部内容要点写在草稿纸上，并标上序号，以免遗漏要点。列要点时，假如所给提示是图表，要从图表中找出需要表达的信息要点，特别是细节，如事件背景、人物表情以及图画中的汉字等。倘若有生词提示，一定要用上。
模块 7 │ 应试点睛
3．妙笔生花连成篇
一篇好的Writing，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词、以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的Writing出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间有连贯性和整体性。
模块 7 │ 应试点睛
有不少同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：first, in the first place, second…； 表并列/递进： too, also，as well as, in addition, furthermore; 表举例：for example, for instance；表总结：as a result, in summary, in short等。
题型探究
模块 7 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　提纲型
提纲作文的形式是多样的，常见的有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。写作时要认真审题，把握中心，注意各个要点之间的联系，且保证所给要点不遗漏。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
具体说来，提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇100—120词左右的短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示，这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示，出题人用表格的形式给出要点，写作时我们首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·四川] 假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。
1．过去对成年的向往；
2．现在的感受和认识；
3．将来的目标和措施。
参考词汇：责任responsibility
模块 7 │ 题型探究
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown up”．
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
第一步：确立文体：英语发言稿。
第二步：确立要点：(1)过去对成年的向往 ；(2)现在对已成年的感受和认识 ；(3)成年的我将来的目标及措施。
第三步：注意事项：写作要点齐全，要包括规定的三方面内容；注意时态的变化。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown up”．
As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown up not only means this, but also more responsibilities.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.
Thank you for listening.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　图画型
看图作文也是常见的高考题型。其素材贴近学生生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是考生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息，并能充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
一般来说，看图作文多以夹叙夹议的形式出现，即先阐述图画所表达的内容，然后阐述自己的观点。因此，在具体的布局谋篇中要学会理解图画，将每幅图画的内容有机地联系在一起，而不能断章取义，误解命题人的意图。写作时可以先按照每幅图画的内容，列出简单的提纲，然后再将图画的内容串联起来。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·福建] 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
模块 7 │ 题型探究
注意：
1．根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯；
2．开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
3．文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
4．词数：120左右。
参考词汇：短缺shortage；资源resource
模块 7 │ 题型探究
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Good_morning. I’m_Li_Hua_from_Fujian，China.It’s_my_great_honor_to_be_here_to_say_something_about_the_global_water_shortage_
and_ways_of_dealing_with_it.________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Good_morning.I’m_Li_Hua_from_Fujian，China.It’s_my_great_honor_to_be_here_to_say_something_about_the_global_water_shortage_and_ways_of_dealing_with_it.____________________
As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever increasing population. Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That’s all. Thank you.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
　探究点三　图表型
图表作文是高考英语作文考查较多的一种题型。图表类作文有表格、饼形图、曲线图、折线图等多种形式。要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论，比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看，主要有记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是夹叙夹议文。时态一般用一般现在时。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
写图表作文时，一定要理解图表的内容，弄清图表中相关信息间的联系。如：如果涉及数据的话，不能只是单纯地列出数据，那样是枯燥无味的，应该仔细分析数据之间有什么样的联系，比如有的数据之间可能存在倍数关系等；然后再分析这些数据说明的问题。另外，写作时要处理好重点与次重点的关系，而不能没有主题。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
在具体的布局谋篇中可以采用三段式的结构：
第一段：开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure; describe, tell, show, represent等，经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph…/As is shown in the table…/It can be seen from the table that…It can be concluded from the graph that…/Compared with…/According to the survey, about…
模块 7 │ 题型探究
第二段：中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意，切忌反复使用同一句型，忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：
快速上升：rise, increase; go up; sharply; rapidly; quickly; dramatically
缓慢下降：decrease; reduce; come down; decline; drop; fall slowly/gradually
模块 7 │ 题型探究
描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些表达或词汇：
转折：while; but; on the contrary; however
比较：compared with/to
对比：in contrast to; different from; difference between
类似：similar to; as/the same…as;
递进：more than; less than
第三段：结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short; generally speaking; It’s clear from the…that…； Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·浙江六校联考] 假设你叫李华，你的美国笔友Johnson想和家人来中国定居，请你帮他在A、B两个城市中做出选择。下面的图表是对这两座城市在就业、娱乐和环境等方面所作的对比。请你根据该表提供的信息用英语给他写封电子邮件，提出你的建议并说明理由。
注意：
1．图表左边的数字说明人们对这两个城市的喜爱程度。
2．词数l20左右。短文开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China._________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China. After a careful study of the information about the two cities, I suggest you choose to live in City A．First of all, City A is a more popular city to live in. The environment in City A is better than that in City B and the climate there is very pleasant. Besides, there
模块 7 │ 题型探究
are many places for entertainment where you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time. As for the employment, though the job opportunities are not so good as in City B, yet I don’t think it’s a problem for you as a teacher of English.
This is only my suggestion and it’s up to you to decide. Hope to hear from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua
模块 7 │ 题型探究
　探究点四　开放式作文
开放式作文不等同于一般的提纲作文，因为它不像提纲作文那样所给的要点很全面，写作时按照一定的“框框”进行发挥即可，而要求考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索(包括文字提示和图画)，利用发散性思维，去合理地想象、推理，然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。由此可知，开放性作文类似于语文的材料作文，不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且还考查考生的想象力以及多角度分析问题和解决问题的能力。开放性作文是英语高考写作中难度最大的一类。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·北京] 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
In your spoken English class，your teacher shows you the following picture.You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.
模块 7 │ 题型探究
________________________________________________________________________
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
1．三分之一描写要点：阳光，楼(很靠近)，弯曲的树。(the sun, two apartments/flats closely located, the winding/twisted tree)
2．三分之二议论着眼立意：
(1)人生角度：在成长的道路上(树的成长)，有曲折，有困难(建筑的阻挡，弯曲)，但是只要向着光明和希望(太阳)去努力拼搏，坚持不懈，还是能够冲破桎梏取得成功(树在楼的夹缝中长高了，超出建筑)。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
(2)和谐角度： 城市的发展(建筑)和环境的可持续发展(树的成长)要协调，要平衡，(在阳光下)才能欣然共存；
(3)立意与现实生活关系：①引导90后要具有积极的生活态度，生活非一帆风顺的。② 扣住低碳生活的环保热点，城市和环境的和谐发展也是低碳生活的必需。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
【参考范文】
In the picture, between two closely located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine. The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions. Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does.
专题一　记叙文型
书面表达
专题 一 │记叙文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 一 │专题导读
一般说来，英语记叙文和汉语的一样，有六大“要素”，即时间、地点、人物、原因、经过和结果。写记叙文时，要注意兼顾这几大要素。另外，记叙文还讲究写作顺序。一般来说，记叙文的写作顺序主要包括顺叙和倒叙两种。顺叙是指按照事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行写作。而倒叙则指将某些后发生的细节，甚至是事件的最后结果先提到前面叙述，这样可以起到引人入胜的效果。因此，在记叙文的写作过程中，一定要避免内容空洞、平铺直叙，否则就很难给人留下深刻的印象，得分不高就在所难免。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·北京] 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。
注意：1.周记的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Last weekend，I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe.______________________________________
专题 一 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long
专题 一 │ 真题再现
queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数不少于120。
提示词：disposable chopsticks一次性筷子
专题 一 │ 专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day
vacation.…________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation. In the morning, we went to parks by bus instead of going by car.At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable chopsticks served there.Instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair of chopsticks and a spoon.In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket. To avoid the damage
专题 一 │ 专题预测
the free plastic bags caused to the environment, we put what we had bought into cloth bags.It was hot at night.We didn’t turn on the air conditioners.We used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
Although the activity lasted only one day, we have learned a lot from it.We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us.In this way, we are sure to live in a better world.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
[2010届·长沙高三年级第三次联合考试]假设你叫李明。2010年4月14日，我国青海玉树自治州发生强烈地震，造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失。你校组织赈灾活动，希望每人献出一份爱心，捐献一件学习用品。假如你捐献了一副心爱的圆规(或书包、铅笔盒、图书等)，请根据下列提示写一封信给这位不知名的灾区同学。
1．了解灾区情况，表示同情；
2．你珍爱这件学习用品的原因；
3．鼓励灾区同学重建家园并提出自己的建议。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数：100左右； (信的开头已给出，不计入总词数)
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息；
4．生词提示：一副圆规： a pair of compasses；玉树自治州：the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu。
Dear friend，
_________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear friend，
When we learned over the radio and in the newspapers that the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu was struck by a terrible earthquake on April 14th,2010, making more than 2,000 people killed and even more injured.we became very worried. It is said that many houses were ruined, so you can’t have your classes as usual. I wonder if things have improved by now.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
I’d like to send you a pair of compasses, which were a present given to me by my sister on my last birthday. I hope it will be of some help to your study.
As for yourself, don’t lose heart and do be strong minded when facing the great difficulties for the people all over the country are standing by you. And please keep in touch with me and I will try my best to help you. In addition, the government is trying to help the people in the disaster hit areas rebuild their homes. I believe the day will soon come when you overcome all the difficulties and live a new life.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Hoping to get your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Ming
专题二　议论文型
书面表达
专题 二 │ 议论文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
议论文一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达题中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
1．使用三段式作文法。
(1)第一段开门见山直奔主题，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件。
(2)第二段摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚，过渡要自然。
(3)最后一段，得出结论。可以有三种方式：
专题 二 │ 专题导读
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
2．观点式议论文的写作模板。
第一段根据提示陈述一下所谈论的话题，第二段分别提出双方的观点，并进行论述。可以采用下列句型：观点陈述1：Some people think that…The reason is that… .Besides，… . (Some are against the view that… .)；观点陈述2：(However/On the other hand) others have just the opposite opinion. They think that…What’s more，…(Some are in favor of the view that…)；第三段陈述个人的看法。可以采用下列句型：As far as I am concerned…(In my opinion，…； It’s my opinion that…) For one reason，… For another reason…In a word，…
专题 二 │ 专题导读
3．图画式议论文的写作模板
对于看图画/表式议论文，写作时，第一段描述图画所反映的问题，第二段分析该现象产生的原因，第三段发表一下自己的看法。可以套用以下模板：
As is shown ________.
In my opinion/ I think we should________(On one hand, ________. On the other hand, ________). In addition(Additionally), we should________.
As far as I am concerned, I hold________./ Only in this way can we________.
专题 二 │ 专题导读
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖北]
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．无须写标题；
2．内容只需涉及一个方面；
3．词数为100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive /fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted. Sometimes when a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
It is no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we should smile as much as possible.
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
人们在生活中面临各种各样的挑战，请说一说人们为什么喜欢挑战和有哪些新的挑战有待人们探索。
注意：1.适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整；
2．词数100左右(不包括文章的开头)。
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.________________________________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields. There are not only physical challenges, but also social and intellectual challenges. Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do. Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. Whatever they are, people enjoy challenges.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Why do people enjoy these challenges There are probably many reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, or achievement. And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases that still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
下面的条形图(bar chart)显示了不同年龄段孩子们的心理健康状况。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
根据上图信息，请以“Psychological problems of students”为题，用英语写一篇不少于120词的短文。要求如下：
1．简要描述图中信息；
2．说明原因(学业压力，缺乏引导……)；
3．谈谈你的看法。
注意：文章的标题和开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart，______________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart, there are more and more health problems existing among students.
It’s quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Undoubtedly, students have too much work, and schools should take the responsibilities of guaranteeing students’ psychological health. Relevant courses and activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling (咨询) hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work to cultivate an opening and caring mind. Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the internet should definitely be avoided.
专题三　说明文型
书面表达
专题 三 │ 说明文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 三 │ 专题导读
说明文具有知识性、科学性、实用性以及条理性等特点，它贵在以简明扼要的语句介绍事物，阐明事理。我们可以按照说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。这类体裁的文章在高考中考查的不是太多。
专题 三 │ 专题导读
写作时要注意：
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取“先举例，后总结”或者“先总结，后举例”的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
(3)说明文通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2009·江苏] 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting,deleting,
专题 三 │ 真题再现
moving and copying, it enables us to edit texts, browse web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(一)
请你根据下面一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。
注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。(词数为100左右)
层层宝库找开来，黑宝纵横一排排。
能记诸般悠悠事，不分古今和中外。
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened or will happen in the past years and in the future.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone said, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！”
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(二)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
　 请根据上表内容以“The Shanghai World Expo”为题，写一篇不少于120词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
The Shanghai World Expo
The World Expo, first held in London in 1851, is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy，science and technology. Its theme is to concern the development of new life, promote to communicate with different countries.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
As the first one of the developing countries，China hosted the World Expo in Shanghai from May 1st to October 31st of 2010.It aimed to promote the development of the world economy，culture，science and technology.The theme of the World Expo was “Better City，Better Life”．Haibao，the mascot for the Shanghai World Expo corld can be seen everywhere in the city.242 countries and international organizations took part in the exhibition，in which each member displayed their latest achievements.It is believed that this expo has been greatly improving the international relationship.
专题四　应用文型
书面表达
专题 四 │ 应用文型书面表达
专题导读
专题 四 │ 专题导读
应用文是高考书面表达中考查得最多的体裁。它接近考生的实际生活，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常以解说事物为主，要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚，使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等，其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多，主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。
专题 四 │ 专题导读
目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式，不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋，因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：
1．力求语言平实、简洁、准确，突出实用性，句子不宜过长，这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息，如：时间、地点、参加人、理由、或者是活动内容等。
2．根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态，如日记一般用过去时，通知用一般现在时和将来时等。
真题再现
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(一)
[2010·全国Ⅰ] 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委，请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
注意：词数100左右。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
Dear Ms. Smith，
___________________________________________
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题 四 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Ms. Smith，
I’m Li Hua, a chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.It will start at 2∶00 pm in Room 501 and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 4487665 if you have any questions.
专题 四 │ 真题再现
I am looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题 四 │ 真题再现
(二)
[2010·山东] 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
1．表示歉意；
2．解释原因；
3．另约时间。
注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．可适当增加细节。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I’m Li Hua. According to our plan made last week, we will go to Beijing together for our travelling next weekend. I thought I could go with you, however, one of my old friends from New York will come to my house next weekend. I’m really sorry to tell you that I can not leave next weekend. As you know, I like travelling very much, and I am eager to
专题 四 │ 真题再现
go to Beijing with you. Can we go to Beijing together on June 17, 2010 Are you free that day？Please tell me your decision as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题预测
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你将要参加全校高中生英语演讲比赛，请你针对不少中学生都有自己的网上博客这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。
演讲稿的主要内容应包括：
1．人们的看法：提供了一个展示自己才华的平台；但是浪费时间、影响学习；
2．你的意见……
专题 四 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet.________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
专题 四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet. Someone says this is a double edged sword.On one hand，it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent and a way to release their pressure.But on the other hand，it will take them a lot of time and energy to manage their blogs and it is a waste of time and will greatly affect their schoolwork.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
In my opinion, I think it is a good thing. Nowadays the Internet is playing an important role in our life, so we can’t ignore its influence.More importantly, opening and organizing an eye catching blog needs various abilities such as writing, being skillful at computer and so on.
Blog itself is of little harm.It is your attitude towards it that matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.
Thank you!
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(二)
Jenny是一个刚刚毕业的大学生，面对找工作难的问题，她对自己的现状进行了客观分析，发现自己很刻苦，能持之以恒；但所学物理专业不是太实用，而且自己性格太内向。假如你是知心朋友栏目的编辑，请针对Jenny的情况给她回信，帮助她改变自己的现状。信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。词数不少于120词。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Yours Sincerely，
Friends
专题 四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
First of all, you should be optimistic about your future. As you can see, you are diligent and persistent, which will help you to stay dedicated to what you are pursuing. So, please spend sometime in figuring out what you want to be and then prepare yourself in that direction.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Secondly, try to seize chances to take part in some activities which will help to make you more open. You know, when you cooperate with other people more, you will not be so shy and the group work will help you be more confident
as it is the work done by a group.
Thirdly, do not think what you have learned in physics is not practical or useless because it may have enabled you a way of thinking. You know, physics is abstract. And you will somehow have learned how to generalize from the facts and see what is behind.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Nothing is difficult so long as you put your heart in it. Hopefully my advice will be of help. Good luck to you!
Yours Sincerely，
Friends
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(三)
[2010·大连一模] 假如你叫李华，最近你校在为一批来自英国的学生征寻住宿家庭，你有意申请。请用英语给校长写封信，说明你申请的理由：
1．住房宽敞，有私家车；
2．擅长英语，乐于交流；
3．去年接待过英国学生。
注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计人总词数。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
专题 四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully equipped apartment answers all their needs. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interest. With fluent
专题 四 │ 专题预测
English and an outgoing personality, I’m sure I will have no difficulty communicating with them. Furthermore, we hosted two British students last year, through which we’ve gained lots of experience. In addition, my mother’s expert cooking can guarantee them a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua(共175张PPT)
专题一 记叙文
专题二 议论文
专题三 说明文
专题四 应用文
模块 5　书面表达
模块 5　书面表达
考纲解读
模块5│ 考纲解读
　　书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表，提纲等，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
命题特点
模块5 │ 命题特点
　　从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看，高考书面表达表现出以下命题特点：
1．命题方式
试题设置均为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也给考生提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地，这样更能
模块5 │ 命题特点
全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精炼地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解，要言之有物，言之有理，充分体现出思维的广度和深度。
模块5 │ 命题特点
　　2．文章体裁
主要的体裁有记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文，题材多与中学生的日常生活相关，如：校外的某种生活经历，或者与校内的学习生活相关的话题。此类话题可以培养学生全面思维、客观分析、合理解决问题的能力。同时能够让
模块5 │ 命题特点
学生用所学的语言和知识进行论说，来关注生活，联系实际，观察思索，有理有据地发表看法、阐述观点，在运用所学知识进行写作的同时也锻炼了自己的思维能力，用理性的思维来支配自己的行为。
模块5 │ 命题特点
　　3．文章内容
内容上除考查“与日常生活相关的话题”外，高考书面表达也适当关注社会热点与焦点问题。这里的“热点与焦点问题”不包括：(1)太敏感的社会、政治话题，如建设社会主义新农村，反腐倡廉、社会经济发展等话题；(2)对农村学生或城市学生不熟悉的话题，以免对农村或城市学生不公平。高考书面表达常常会在城乡学生中寻找他们的共同点，话题是他们都熟悉的，而且是与中学生的日常生活相关的。
题型分类
模块5│ 题型分类
　　书面表达在题型上大致可以分为：
一、提纲型
提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记等。这类题型的主要特点是要点明确，范围具体。但考生也容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成翻译，造成语法结构和词汇上的单调，甚至写出结构不完整的句子。
模块5│ 题型分类
1．试题特征
提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇100词左右的短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示，这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提
模块5│ 题型分类
出写作要求。写作时首先要根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示，出题人用表格的形式给出要点，写作时首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。
模块5 │ 题型分类
2．注意的问题
(1)细读提示，认真审题，包括：审体裁，提纲式作文的体裁一般有书信、报道、通知、日记等；定人称；定时态。
(2)紧扣主题，组织要点。虽然提纲式写作题，“要点”似乎已经定好了，但考生仍要逐个把内容要点完整地列出来。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(3)选词造句，初步成文。在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致，时态呼应，脉络分明，合乎逻辑，内容完整的短文。
模块5 │ 题型分类
3．写作步骤
中文提纲式书面表达是高考最常见的考查形式之一，一般都有较多的文字说明，这样就在一定程度上限制了考生的表述思路。我们可以从下面几个方面入手进行操作。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(1)仔细审题，明确要求
审读所给信息，弄清所要表达的内容，然后对所给信息进行整理，必要时可以适当调整写作顺序，以使文章行文连贯。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(2)提炼要点，写作成文
提纲式书面表达一般只给出只言片语的提示，而不是完整的表达。此时我们就必须在大脑中将各信息点补充完整，适时使用一些短语和句型以及各种从句。此时要记住，“有话好好说，有话慢慢说”，不要想着一蹴而就。我们有这样的体验，在提纲式书面表达的写作中，还没写几句，就感觉所有要点都已经表达
模块5 │ 题型分类
完了。在写作中一定注意避免这样的情况，要依据提示的情景将提纲中的每个要点表达清楚，以使习作内容完整、要点齐全、内容饱满。这就要求我们在写作时将提示的内容展开叙述，用自己熟悉的英语词汇、短语和句型来表达内容，并在必要时添加一些细节，以使上下文连贯。
模块5│ 题型分类
(3)检查核实，确保无误
在提纲式书面表达的写作中，要注意抓住提示的信息，并注意适当进行发挥。表达中要注意确定句子的时态与语态，注意句式结构的正确和变化多样，适当运用短语、并列句、复合句、介词短语和副词等，以使文章饱满。
模块5│ 题型分类
例　[2010·四川]
假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。
1.过去对成年的向往；
2．现在的感受和认识；
3．将来的目标及措施。
参考词汇：责任 responsibility
模块5 │ 题型分类
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)
模块5│ 题型分类
Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown up.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
模块5 │ 题型分类
【写作点拨】
第一步：确立文体：英语发言稿。
第二步：确立要点：(1)过去对成年的向往 ；(2)现在对已成年的感受和认识 ；(3)成年的我将来的目标及措施。
第三步：注意事项：写作要点齐全，要包括规定的三方面内容；注意时态的变化。
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown up.”
As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown up, but I find things do not go as I expected.
模块5 │ 题型分类
Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown up not only means this, but also more responsibilities. I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.
Thank you for your listening.
模块5│ 题型分类
　　二、图画型
图画作文是高考英语书面表达最常见的命题形式之一，它要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文，叙述一件事，或者阐述这幅画中凸现的某种社会现象。这种命题形式的优点在于，它所提供的汉语提示很少或几乎没有，留给考生的发挥空间大，考生能通过这样的试题充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　1．试题特征
(1)素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(2)文体形式多样。 图画式作文有记叙文、说明文和议论文，时态要以图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时；人称一般根据画面的介绍，用第一人称或第三人称。此类作文一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或规定场景，写作时要注意画面体现的主题及各画面之间的联系。
模块5 │ 题型分类
2．注意的问题
(1)看图记叙文的写作
看图记叙文的写作要注意把握写作素材的时间、地点、人物以及事件的叙述，有些还需要叙述从故事中要吸取的教训或受到的教育。故事的叙述可以适当采用倒叙的方式，或自己按事件的发生顺序进行描写，有时可以适当使用一些对话，但不宜过多。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(2)看图议论文的写作
看图议论文的写作，首先要认真阅读图画，把握图的意义，有时还要注意其隐含的观点和意图，并联系生活实际进行思考与阐述。议论文的写作要点是：a.观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。b.层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过度清晰自然。c.最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。d.一般采用一般现在时。e.语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(3)看图说明文的写作
对于说明文体的看图作文，要注意观察图画材料，找出所有内容，然后按一定的顺序有条理地阐述。说明文的叙述顺序一般有三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑(比如按图画反映的数字大小进行叙述)。注意文章开头与结尾的呼应。
模块5 │ 题型分类
3．写作步骤
(1)针对此类题型，考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先应确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文或说明文为主。
(2)确定人称。如果以日记，回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以讲故事的形式来写，则一般采用第三人称来写比较方便。但不管用哪种人称，全文都必须一致。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(3)确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章所要用的时态。切记全文时态的不一致性。
(4)发挥联想要合理，适度。这类文章的说明一般都要求考生做适度的联想和发挥，以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来。但联想和发挥一定要根据图画做到合情合理，不能过多地胡乱联想和发挥。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(5)虚实结合，详略得当。对于图画中的内容，该详细叙述描写的，就必须要详细，具体；可以一笔带过的就一笔带过。比如图画中所有的时间，数字或言论须一词不漏地写清楚，而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。
模块5 │ 题型分类
例 　[2010·北京]
假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。
注意：
1．周记的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。
模块5 │ 题型分类
模块5 │ 题型分类
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________________
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　【写作点拨】
第一步：分析图片要素：图一：查询信息(train ticket, weather, hotel)；图二：买票(buy ticket)；图三：准备行李(package)；图四：送行(seeoff)
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　第二步：确立基本要素：(1)文体：周记；(2)人称：I；(3)时态：一般过去时；(4)事件大意：我为爷爷奶奶准备出行以及我送行。图一、二、三都是并列关系，主题是旅游前的准备阶段，三幅图没有轻重之分，所占篇幅比例相当。图四是最后的送别阶段，文章末尾要有点睛之笔，可以是送别感受，对爷爷奶奶的祝福，也可以是自己的成长和收获。
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　第三步：确立文章立意：今年的作文和90后的学生特点相联系，积极引导高中学生要培养独立性，增加实践能力，并要照顾、体谅长辈。所以文章末尾的立意也可以往这方面考虑。
模块5 │ 题型分类
【参考范文】
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long
模块5 │ 题型分类
queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
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　　三、图表型
图表作文是高考书面表达较常见的考查形式之一，要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论，比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看，主要有说明文、议论文和应用文，时态一般用一般现在时。
模块5 │ 题型分类
　　1．试题特征
在图表作文的写作中，考生要围绕图表并将有关信息转换为文字形式，这就要求考生具有一定的数据分析和材料归纳能力。图表式作文最大的特点就是所给出的信息集中，给人以一目了然的感觉。图表类书面表达的考查形式有两种：表格式和图形式。表格式图表书面表达就是将统计数据或被说明的事物直接以统计
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表的形式呈现出来。这类题目往往是介绍某种情况或辩论某种观点与看法，这样的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。图的形式主要有：
(1)表示数据变化的曲线图。
(2)表示数据大小或数量之间差异的柱状图。
(3)表示总体结构变化的扇形图。
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2．注意的问题
(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述。
(2)善于抓住总的规律、趋势，归纳增减率。
(3)时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。
模块5 │ 题型分类
3．写作步骤
(1)认真阅读和掌握图表提供的信息，以及每一栏上面的小标题的标注，弄清设计者想通过图表反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图形式，要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位；对于流程图形式，要按流程顺序进行适当的逻辑想象；对柱状图和饼式图，要通
模块5 │ 题型分类
过宽度相等的柱形的高度差别和各部分所占比例来判断事物的动态及发展趋势，关注坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明；对平面图形，要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，按一定的逻辑顺序，有层次地进行表述。
模块5 │ 题型分类
(2)在掌握了全部信息的基础上，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点。此时就可以开始写作了。写作时要注意以下几点：
模块5 │ 题型分类
①开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure; describe, tell, show, represent等经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph…/As is shown in the table…/It can be seen from the table that…/It can be concluded from the graph that…/Compared with…/ According to the survey…
模块5 │ 题型分类
②中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意，切忌反复使用同一句型，忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：
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快速上升：rise, increase, go up, rocket/sharply, rapidly, quickly, dramatically
缓慢下降：decrease, reduce, come down, decline, drop, fall slowly/gradually
描述数据的时候可以用下面这些表达或词汇：
转折：while, but, on the contrary, however
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比较：compared with/to
对比：in contrast to, different from, difference between
类似：similar to, as/the same…as
递进：more than
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③结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short, generally speaking; It’s clear from the…that…， Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
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例　 [2009·福建卷]
某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现向社会征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I Want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。
模块5 │ 题型分类
模块5 │ 题型分类
注意：
1．根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯；
2．词数：120左右
I Want to Smile
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
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　　【写作点拨】
本文为图表式作文，做题的关键是审题，考生要把握以下几点：
第一步：基本要素：(1)文体：说明文。(2)主体时态：一般现在时。(3)主体人称：第一人称。
第二步：内容要点：①微笑的优点；②想对其微笑的人物(父母)；③对父母微笑的理由；④对自己微笑的理由；⑤总结。
模块5 │ 题型分类
第三步：注意事项：
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取先举例，后总结或者先总结，后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
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　　【参考范文】
There are many advantages of smiling. It can not only make us happy, but also please others. If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return. So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible.
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　　First, I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me up. They arrange almost everything for me. With their help, I have made great progress. I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile. Then my
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smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.
In a word, let’s greet every day with a smile. Tomorrow is another day.
应试点睛
模块5│ 应试点睛
　　一、研读评卷细则，把握评分标准
俗话说“知己知彼，方能百战不殆”。要想写出一篇优秀的作文，首先必须要明白的一个问题就是：什么样的作文才是优秀的？这个问题就涉及评分细则了。高考英语书面表达部分的评分细则表面上看比较详细，实际上具有相当大的灵活性。在各个档
模块5│ 应试点睛
次里都有一些有弹性的语言，而对于这些有弹性的语言的理解，评卷者只能是把它作为一个总的原则，即在给考生的作品定档时作参考，至于考生的作品到底能得多少分，就要依照具体的情况而定了。因此，把握评分标准尤其是高分书面表达的评分标准是十分必要的。笔者认为，对高考书面表达的评分细则可以从以下几个方面来理解：
模块5 │ 应试点睛
　　1．信息的量。即所要求的要点都在所写的作品之中。
2．信息的质。包括：句式的正确；用词的得当；语法无误。
3．行文连贯。包括：布局合理；层次清楚；细节严谨；衔接自然。
4．句式丰富。包括：对一些高档的表达方式的运用(如被动句、倒装句、强调句、非谓语动词和一些从句)。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
5．书写规范。包括：卷面整洁，大小写、标点运用正确。
在这五点中，最为看重的是句子的结构，因为它是保证读者能顺利读完作者作品的最重要保证。在评价一名考生的表达写得如何如何差时，评卷者最爱表明的理由是“没有一两个正确的句子”，这足以表明他们对于句子的重视。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
二、 全面夯实基础，积淀写作能力
1．加强阅读，积累词句。词汇是阅读的前提，阅读是写作的基础。在阅读方面的工夫越深，驾驭语言文字的能力就越强。所以，要写好英语先要读好英语。学生最佳的阅读素材就是教材。教材中的阅读材料都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范。此外，对于近几年高考中出现的优秀作文范文也要认真记诵，尤
模块5 │ 应试点睛
其是要记住里面的好词好句。在读的过程中要多留心，无论是带题阅读还是非带题阅读，不能只是满足对语篇的理解，要有效利用这些材料，尤其是对那些用法较多的词汇和一些结构丰富的动词、复现率比较高的名词、形容词和副词的用法给予更多的关注，这样才能真正谙熟词的用法及用词习惯，在写作中方能得心应手，游刃有余。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
2．加强运用，实践语法。写好书面表达除了拥有丰富的词汇量外，还要有扎实的语法基本功。语法虽然有许多死板的条条框框，但决不能光靠死记硬背，而应加强运用。语法大家张道真先生说过，语法体现在词汇中，而词汇又受语法的制约，语法好比是骨架，而词汇好比是血肉，两者是枝与叶的关系，要形成有机的肌体和茂盛的枝叶，必须把两者结合在一起。使之相互依托，相互补充。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
总之，在写作备考中应该重点加强学生基础知识的训练。学生在有了大量的语言输入的情况下，才有可能创造性地运用语法规则，最后通过语法能力的提高来促进写作能力的提高。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
　　三、 重视语篇衔接，提高思维蝶变
一篇好的书面表达，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的书面表达出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间具有连贯性和整体性。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
　　有不少的同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：first, in the first place, second…； 表并列/递进： too, also，as well as, in addition, furthermore; 表举例：for example, for instance；表总结：as a result, in summary, in short等。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
　　每年高考书面表达的参考范文所使用的连接手段也较为简单，有些考生的书面表达实际上已经超过了参考范文的水平。只要我们平时注意养成良好的逻辑思维和表达习惯，再掌握一些常用连接词或短语，考场作文就能得心应手。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
四、掌握写作技巧，高分书面表达
“书面表达”是考查考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，根据其一般规律，它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料，做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求，文理通顺。它既像作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它
模块5 │ 应试点睛
类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥，因而有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时，要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。具体从以下四个方面去考虑、着手：
模块5 │ 应试点睛
　　1．读题，明确要求，做好必要的准备工作。高考的书面表达，题材较多，有给文字背景材料的，有看图作文的，还有两者皆而有之的。对于文字背景材料，考生要仔细阅读，看懂题目要求，并对材料进行必要的删减。文字材料中有的是有用信息，有的是无用信息。不进行必要的删减，则会使写出来的书面表达轻者增加了错误的可能性，重者文不对题，逻辑不清。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
　　2．组织，进行必要的语言准备。读题工作结束后，考生要就提供的信息或画面进行语言上的组织。这一环节非常重要，对“书面表达”的流畅和符合逻辑举足轻重。读题的核心工作是作必要的删减，组织的主要工作是作适当的补充，给框架补“血”补“肉”，使所要写出来的文章意思连贯，语言畅通，逻辑严密。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
3．转换，进入实质性的语言加工阶段。要做好这一阶段的工作，关键是掌握几条原则：多用简单句，少用复合句；多用短句，少用长句；讲究简明扼要，摒弃烦琐复杂，意思混浊不清。这一阶段是决定得分高低的关键所在。因此，除了掌握以上重要的原则外，还应在具体操作中注意选择正确的主语人称和动词的时
模块5 │ 应试点睛
态，多用贴切的固定短语，尽量使用自己“拿手”的句子，经常留意句子的语法是否符合要求。从更高要求来说，用英语思维并一气呵成地完成书面表达是最佳方法，这是上上策。但对于大多数英语水平尚未达到这一步的考生来说，转换过程中进行有效的控制是非常必要的。只有进行这样的控制，才能有效地控制错误的发生，才能少扣分，多得分。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
4．检查，“书面表达”的最后一道工序。最后一道工序意味着一旦稍有疏忽，很难再有弥补，也就无法挽回。因此，仔细认真地检查对于最终的得分是十分重要的。在检查过程中应注意以下几个方面：
模块5 │ 应试点睛
(1)信息点是否完整，有没有遗漏。根据评分标准，漏信息点扣2～3分。要细致小心，一一检查，确保无一遗漏。
(2)语法正确。语法包括两个方面，一是词法，二是句法。词法方面主要检查时态、语态、主谓一致、冠词、名词单复数和词语搭配等。句法方面主要检查是否使用一些熟悉句型，特别是尽力使用简单句这一原则贯彻得如何。
模块5 │ 应试点睛
总之，要做好“书面表达”是一件并非容易的事情，它需要平时的积累，需要考生在平时的英语学习中加强训练，以求水到渠成之功。当然，考前的归纳和总结也十分重要，因为它往往起着事半功倍的效果。
专题一 │ 记叙文
专题一　记叙文
　专题导读
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　英语记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据提示中提供的情景，组织语言材料。要想高分完卷，必须注意以下：
1．作文前要根据要求或暗示确定好用什么人称。一般来说，英语记叙文要以“第一人称(I /we)和第三人称(he/she/it/they)”展
专题一 │ 专题导读
开叙述。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行叙述；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，要根据具体情况合理选用。时态和要点，要就事论事，不要画蛇添足，节外生枝。
专题一 │ 专题导读
2．交代清楚记叙文写作的六要素：人物(who/whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事由(what)、原因(why)。注意从具体的材料中提炼中心，并根据中心思想选择材料，合理安排情节，注意写作的顺序以及记叙的详略。
专题一 │ 专题导读
3．注意选择合适的时态和叙述的方法。记叙文一般是叙述已经发生过的事情，因此其基本时态应该是一般过去时。其记叙的顺序包括：
(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序展开。常用的话语标志有：afterwards, at the same time，first，then，next，finally，soon，immediately，following等。
专题一 │ 专题导读
(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序。
(3)以事件的发展为线索，或以人物的出现先后展开。
4．叙述事情时，要注意主题鲜明突出，清楚具体，内容感人深刻。写人时，要抓住典型事例、典型行动和表现。对中心事件和最能表现中心思想的地方，要详细叙述；次要的东西，就少写或不写。
真题再现
专题一 │ 真题再现
[2009·浙江]
5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100—120个词的新闻报道。
1．时间、地点、任务、活动；
2．老人们的反应；
3．简短评论。
专题一 │ 真题再现
注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计词数)。
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
____________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper
专题一 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly
专题一 │ 真题再现
with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for
专题一 │ 真题再现
their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper.
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数不少于100。
专题一 │ 专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
提示词：disposable chopsticks一次性筷子
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.…_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________
专题一 │ 专题预测
(一)
One possible version：
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation. In the morning, we went to parks by bus instead of going by car.At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable
专题一 │ 专题预测
chopsticks served there.Instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair of chopsticks and a spoon.In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket.To avoid the damage the free plastic bags caused to the environment, we put what we had bought into cloth bags.It was hot at night.We didn’t turn on the air conditioners.We used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
专题一 │ 专题预测
Although the activity lasted only one day, we have learned a lot from it.We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us.In this way, we are sure to live in a better world.
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
假设你叫李明。2010年4月14日，我国青海玉树自治州发生强烈地震，造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失。你校组织赈灾活动，希望每人献出一份爱心，捐献一件学习用品。假如你捐献了一副心爱的圆规(或书包、铅笔盒、图书等)，请根据下列提示写一封信给这位不知名的灾区同学。
专题一 │ 专题预测
1．了解灾区情况，表示同情；
2．你珍爱这件学习用品的原因；
3．鼓励灾区同学重建家园并提出自己的建议。
专题一 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数：不少于120个； (信的开头已给出，不计入总词数)
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息；
4．生词提示：一副圆规： a pair of compasses；玉树自治州：the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu。
专题一 │ 专题预测
Dear friend，
__________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
One possible version：
Dear friend，
When we learned over the radio and in the newspapers that the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu was struck by a terrible earthquake on April 14th,2010, making more than 2,000 people killed and even more injured.we became very worried.
专题一 │ 专题预测
It is said that many houses were ruined, so you can’t have your classes as usual. I wonder if things have improved by now.
I’d like to send you a pair of compasses, which were a present given to me by my sister on my last birthday. I hope it will be of some help to your study.
专题一 │ 专题预测
As for yourself, don’t lose heart and do be strong minded when facing the great difficulties for the people all over the country are standing by you. And please keep in touch with me and I will try my best to help you. In addition, the government is trying to help the people in the
专题一 │ 专题预测
disaster hit areas rebuild their homes. I believe the day will soon come when you overcome all the difficulties and live a new life.
Hoping to get your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Ming
专题二 │ 议论文
专题二　议论文
　专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　议论文是高考英语试卷中最常考查的文体之一。一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。写作方法主要是三段式作文法。
专题二 │ 专题导读
所谓三段式作文法，就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式布局谋篇，即开头、正文、结尾。三段式写作模式思路清晰，结构分明，是考生提高自己的作文档次的最佳选择。
(1)第一段开门见山直奔主题，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者交代清时间、地点、人物、干什么。
专题二 │ 专题导读
(2)第二段摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚，过渡要自然，也就是评分细则所要求的，“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到预期的写作目的”。 为了迅速把握句与句、段与段的连接方式，很有必要熟记表示各种逻辑意义的过渡词语。
专题二 │ 专题导读
(3)最后一段，得出结论。可以有三种方式：
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
专题二 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·湖北]
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
专题二 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．无须写标题；
2．内容只需涉及一个方面；
3．词数为100左右。
专题二 │ 真题再现
___________________________________________
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专题二 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive/fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted. Sometimes when a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题二 │ 真题再现
A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
专题二 │ 真题再现
It is safe/ no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we should smile as much as possible.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
人们在生活中面临各种各样的挑战，请说一说人们为什么喜欢挑战和有哪些新的挑战有待人们探索。
注意：1.适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整；
2．词数不少于120(不包括文章的开头)。
专题二 │ 专题预测
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.__________________________________
_________________________________________
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专题二 │ 专题预测
(一)
One possible version：
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields. There are not only physical challenges, but also social and intellectual challenges. Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do. Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. Whatever they are, people enjoy challenges.
专题二 │ 专题预测
Why do people enjoy these challenges There are probably many reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, or achievement. And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
专题二 │ 专题预测
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases that still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
一个好的学生应该具有许多优秀品质，你认为哪个或哪两个是最重要的呢？为什么？请分析原因，并结合自己的生活实际，写下你的感悟。
要求：
1．词数：120左右；
2．题目自拟；
3．文中不出现真实的学生姓名。
专题二 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．文章连贯，条理清楚，详略得当；
2．分析原因，结合实际，写出真情实感。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
One possible version：
Being passionate, honest and hard working, a good student is always listening and learning. Personally speaking, I strongly believe that honesty is of utmost importance among dozens of good qualities.
专题二 │ 专题预测
There is a proverb that goes “Honesty is the best policy”， and it seems as true as it was when first coined. The most important element in human relationships, whether business or personal, is trust.
专题二 │ 专题预测
Here is one of my secrets. I once lied to my parents because of my poor scores. Having known the real fact from teachers, they praised and encouraged me, showing their deep love. Later days, my conscience swallowed me, growing as I told lie after lie in an effort to conceal my original deceit. I gave it up, and chose to be frank. Wow! It is better to stick to the truth!
专题二 │ 专题预测
From then on, I have kept the following in my minds: If it is not true, don’t say it. If it is not right, don’t do it. Honesty is not only the best policy, but also a principle, which is absolutely essential for the good and happy living of life.
专题三 │ 说明文
专题三　说明文
　专题导读
专题三 │ 专题导读
　　说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查，一般分为：场所路线介绍，事物介绍，方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。在写作时要求语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。写作时要注意：
专题三 │ 专题导读
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
专题三 │ 专题导读
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取先举例，后总结或者先总结，后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
(3)这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。
专题三 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2009·江苏]
鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
专题三 │ 真题再现
专题三 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
专题三 │ 真题再现
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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____________________________________________
专题三 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of
专题三 │ 真题再现
inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit texts, browse web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
专题三 │ 真题再现
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
专题三 │ 专题预测
(一)
请你根据下面一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。
注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。(词数为100左右)
层层宝库找开来，黑宝纵横一排排。
能记诸般悠悠事，不分古今和中外。
　专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
专题三│ 专题预测
(一)
One possible version：
As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened or will happen in the past years and in the future.
专题三│ 专题预测
Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone said, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！”
专题三│ 专题预测
(二)
假如你是王文，住在银川。你的英国笔友Jack来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡银川的情况，请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
专题三│ 专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
注意：
1．回信中不能使用“银川” 以外的地名；
2．词数100左右，信的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇： 经济 economy
专题三│ 专题预测
Dear Jack,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Yinchuan.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
专题三│ 专题预测
(二)
One possible version：
Dear Jack，
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Yinchuan.
专题三│ 专题预测
The city stands on the bank of the Huanghe River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems,
专题三│ 专题预测
such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Yinchuan should develop its economy scientifically; I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours，
Wang Wen
专题四 │ 应用文
专题四　应用文
　专题导读
专题四│ 专题导读
　　应用文是高考英语书面表达最常见的一种体裁。它接近考生的生活实际，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常以解说事物为主，要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚，使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、
专题四│ 专题导读
日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等，其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多，主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。
专题四│ 专题导读
目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式，不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋，因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：
专题四│ 专题导读
1．力求语言平实、简洁、准确，突出实用性，句子不宜过长，这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息，如：时间、地点、参加人、理由、或者是活动内容等。
专题四│ 专题导读
2．根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态，如日记一般用过去时，通知用一般现在时和将来时等。
专题四 │ 真题再现
　真题再现
[2010·全国Ⅰ]
假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委，请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
注意：词数100左右。
专题四 │ 真题再现
专题四 │ 真题再现
Dear Ms .Smith，___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题四 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Ms. Smith，
I’m Li Hua, a chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.It will start at 2∶00 pm in Room 501 and last for about
专题四 │ 真题再现
three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 4487665 if you have any questions.
I am looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题三│ 专题预测
　专题预测
(一)
假设你将要参加全校高中生英语演讲比赛，请你针对不少中学生都有自己的网上博客这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。
演讲稿的主要内容应包括：
1．人们的看法：提供了一个展示自己才华的平台；但是浪费时间、影响学习；
2．你的意见……
专题四 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数120左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
专题四 │ 专题预测
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet.______________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Thank you!
专题四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet. Someone says this is a double edged sword.On one hand，it can provide a colorful platform to show their
专题四 │ 专题预测
talent and a way to release their pressure.But on the other hand，it will take them a lot of time and energy to manage their blogs and it is a waste of time and will greatly affect their schoolwork.
专题四 │ 专题预测
In my opinion, I think it is a good thing. Nowadays the Internet is playing an important role in our life, so we can’t ignore its influence.More importantly, opening and organizing an eye catching blog needs various abilities such as writing, being skillful at computer and so on.
专题四 │ 专题预测
Blog itself is of little harm.It is your attitude towards it that matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.
Thank you!
专题四 │ 专题预测
(二)
Jenny是一个刚刚毕业的大学生，面对找工作难的问题，她对自己的现状进行了客观分析，发现自己很刻苦，能持之以恒；但所学物理专业不是太实用，而且自己性格太内向。假如你是知心朋友栏目的编辑，针对Jenny的情况给她回信，帮助她改变自己的现状。信的开头和结尾已经给出。词数不少于120。
专题四 │ 专题预测
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Yours Sincerely
专题四 │ 专题预测
(二)
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
专题四 │ 专题预测
First of all, you should be optimistic about your future. As you can see, you are diligent and persistent, which will help you to stay dedicated to what you are pursuing. So, please spend sometime in figuring out what you want to be and then prepare yourself in that direction.
专题四 │ 专题预测
Secondly, try to seize chances to take part in some activities which will help to make you more open. You know, when you cooperate with other people more, you will not be so shy and the group work will help you be more confident.
专题四 │ 专题预测
Thirdly, do not think what you have learned in physics is not practical or useless because it may have enabled you a way of thinking. You know, physics is abstract. And you will somehow have learned how to generalize from the facts and see what is behind.
专题四 │ 专题预测
Nothing is difficult so long as you put your heart in it. Hopefully my advice will be of help. Good luck to you!
Yours Sincerely(共418张PPT)
专题一　人物传记类
专题二 故事类
专题三 新闻报道类
专题四 广告应用类
专题五 文化教育类
专题六 历史地理类
专题七 社会生活类
专题八 科普知识类
模块 3　阅读理解
模块 3　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块 3 │考纲解读
“侧重提高阅读能力”在高中英语教学大纲中有明确规定。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及到非语言因素，即：所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。
命题特点
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　　历年高考试题阅读理解命题特点和规律如下：
1．内容生活化
阅读理解所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是表现实际生活，强调语篇选材的真实性。
2．体裁多元化
阅读理解所选的语段包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文，保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网
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络媒体，包括名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、史地常识、科普文章等各个方面，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
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　　 3．信息密集化
近年来阅读理解继续保持了较大的阅读量，要求考生准确而迅速地从特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。阅读理解5个选篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，看起来似乎不难，但是隐藏在表层结构下面较复杂的信息，使试题具有较高的区分度。
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　　 4．结构复杂化
阅读理解的5个选篇的语篇结构都具有较大的复杂性。各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段，这种来源于真实生活的作品同考生平时在课本中接受的清楚明白的语段是很不一样的。
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　 5．用词高级化
高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是。凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉语注释；纯超纲词汇也屡有出现；一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
模块 3 │ 命题特点
　 6．设题创新化
高考阅读理解题在保持传统命题的基础上，也在不断地借鉴和创新大学英语的命题方式。结构型命题即是近两年高考阅读试题中全新的命题形式。这种命题侧重于对文章篇章结构和修辞(写作)手法以及例证、引用的功能的考查，是一种凌驾于信息阅读之上的更高难度的测试手段，较好地体现了“稳中有变，变中求新”的基本命题思路。
题型分类
模块 3 │ 题型分类
阅读理解的能力要求主要包括如下几方面：
(1)读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节(包括根据上下文推断生词的词义)；
(2)既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；
(3)既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；
(4)既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；
(5)既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
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根据这五项要求，可将阅读理解的选择题归纳为以下几种题型：
一、细节理解型
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：(1)一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例极少。(2)语言转述型。
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这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。(3)语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题，分数比例很大。(4)是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内
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容)。 (5)事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。
A．细节理解题主要设问的方式有：
(1) Which of the following statements is True (Not True)
(2) Which of the questions has not been mentioned (discussed) in the passage
(3) What is the reason that…？
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(4) What do we know about…？
(5) How did the people know the couple’s problem
(6) Why was the bike so important to the couple
B．细节理解题主要的答题策略有：
(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
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(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
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(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
此外，在答题过程中，要学会分析干扰选项的特点：①是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；②符合常识，但不符合原文内容；③. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；④选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；⑤在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
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例1　[2010·山东] A
Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death. And if that weren’t bad enough，he had no health insurance.
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After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back.He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created ，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.
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Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.
“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers. “They know what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel alone.”
Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages.
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These days，Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.
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Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his full time job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.”
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(　　)1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day.
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes.
C．He has a positive attitude to this disease.
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.
【解析】 C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“After a month of…back.”以及下文的建立网站，搞慈善事业，每周工作50小时等内容可以看出：Thomas对于自己的疾病采取了积极的态度。
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(　　)2. was created for________.
A．diabetics to communicate
B．volunteers to find jobs
C．children to amuse themselves
D．rock stars to share resources
【解析】 A　细节理解题。根据a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources可知A项正确。
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(　　)3.According to the text, Kody________.
A．feel lonely because of his illness
B．benefits from
C．helps create the online kid’s forums
D．writes children’s stories online
【解析】 B　细节理解题。根据Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛) together most evenings. “Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site’s volunteers. “They know what he’s going through, so he doesn’t feel alone. ” 可知B项正确。
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(　　)4.What can we learn about Fight It
A．It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties.
B．It organizes parties for volunteer once a year.
C．It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics.
D．It owns a well known medical website.
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【解析】 A　细节理解题。根据Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date—who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fight it. org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash. 可知A项正确。
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二、主旨大意型
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。主旨要义型题范围一般包括：短文标题、主题大意或段落大意等。
此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。
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主题句的特点：(1)语言特点：归纳性、概括性、抽象性；(2)位置特点：主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but, however, nevertheless，hence等。
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标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精炼。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达，多为一个名词词组，短小明了，涵盖性强。做这类题目时，要在阅读全文的基础上，把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。
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干扰项的命题特点：①以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ②断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。③主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。④张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ⑤无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
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A．主旨大意主要的设题方式有两类：文章的中心思想和文章标题的选择。
(1)Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article
(2)The best headline for this newspaper article is ________.
(3)What is the topic of the text
(4)The text is mainly about ________.
(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
(6)What would be the best title for the text
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B．主旨大意主要的解题策略有：
(1) 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。找准主题句是关键。主题句通常在文章开头，而主题句有可能在一段的开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。
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(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
(3) 抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。了解文章的结构，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心内容、文中某一段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
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例1　[2010·湖南C篇—节选自文章第一段和最后一段]
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
________________________________________________
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In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
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(　　)1.What can be the best title for the passage
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social
Skills
D．How to Increase Cross cultural
Understanding
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【解析】 B　最佳标题题。文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。
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例2　[2010·全国卷II B篇—节选自文章第一段和第二段]
When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something!
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Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic(评论家) Edie Jarolim，“I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere—in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her books, The Complete Idiot’s Travel Guide in Mexico’s Beach Resorts.
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(　　)1.What would be the best title for the text
A．Adventures in Travel Writing
B．Working as a Food Critic
C．Travel Guides on the Market
D．Vacationing for a Living
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【解析】 D　最佳标题题。本文描述了一个很普遍的谋生问题：谋生在Jarolim身上既是度假休闲，又是写作和评论的源泉。提示在文章第一段结尾句 “Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something！”和第二段中 “but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，”说明了没有想到“度假也可以谋生”的欣喜之情。
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例3　[2010·辽宁卷C篇—节选自文章第一段]
Too much TV watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
(　　)1.What would be the best title for this text
A．Computers or Television
B．Effects of Television on Children
C．Studies on TV and College Education
D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits
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【解析】 B　最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以B项作为标题是最佳的。
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例4　[2010·江西A篇—节选自文章最后两段]
Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he lived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
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“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic！” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
(　　)1.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees
A．No pains, no gains.
B．Once bitten, twice shy.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.
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【解析】 D　主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Andy在上学途中遭遇蜂群攻击， 急中生智， 躲入水中避险成功的故事。根据最后一段第二句Andy妈妈的话“Thank goodness you didn’t panic(谢天谢地你没有慌神)”可知，情急之下Andy仍然成功想到办法脱险，再综合A、B、C、D四个选项的意思， 可以判断出选D项。
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例5　[2010·年浙江卷C篇—节选自文章最后一段]
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names—even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking
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can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.
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(　　)1.What is the main idea of the passage
A．Multitasking has become a way of life.
B．Multitasking often leads to efficiency
decline.
C．Multitasking exercises need to be improved.
D．Multitasking enables people to remember
things better.
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【解析】 B　主旨大意题。本文是一篇科普文章，讨论“多重任务处理(multitasking)”即“一心多用”导致工作效率低下的科学原理。根据文章第一段的最后两行，可知本文主要讲的是同时做多个项目会降低工作效率。
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三、词义猜测型
历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
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A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：
(1)The underlined words “took off ” in paragraph 2 mean “________”．
(2)What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
(3)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that________.
(4)Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph
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(5)The underlined phrase “ turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably mean________.
(6)By saying “ We need them yesterday ”(paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots________.
B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：
(1)依据标点符号猜测词义。标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。
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(2)依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike /instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。
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(3)依据下定义，作解释猜测词义。在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed(被定义为) ，be called (被称为), mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。
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(4)依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化(词义引申 )来猜测词义。
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例1　Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.
(　　)The underlined words “ henpecked_ husband.” probably mean a man who________.
A．likes hunting　　　B．is afraid of hens
C．loves his wife D．is afraid of his wife
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【解析】 D　依据标点符号猜测词义。破折号“ —— ” 起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择 D 项。
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例2　They were no longer passively_waiting_for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.
(　　)The underlined words “passively _waiting_for ” probably mean________.
A．longing for a phone call
B．hoping to have a bell
C．expecting the end of the class
D．wanting to speak in class
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【解析】 C　依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。but 分句 actively took part in the lesson(学生们积极上课) 与前句 They were no longer passively waiting for the bell 形成鲜明的对比，不难猜出答案 C (学生们不再被动地等待下课)是正确选项。
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例3　 Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food suppliers were similarly vulnerable.
(　　)The underlined word “vulnerable” means________.
A．impossible to make sure of
B．likely to be protected
C．easy to damage
D．difficult to find
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【解析】 C　运用逻辑上的类比关系猜测词义。在这段描写中，作者把 houses，boats 和 food suppliers 放在一起比，说明它们的共同特点 easy to damage，故选 C 项。
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例4　I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded_her_judgment.
(　　)问题：The underlined words “ clouded
_her_judgment” probably mean ________.
A．made her less trustful toward the doctor
B．put her in control of her own feelings
C．made her less able to think clearly
D．put her in a dangerous situation
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【解析】 B　运用名词动化猜测词义。此处 cloud 名词动化为“把……遮盖住，使……模糊不清”，对于思维而言，就是“不能清楚地思考”，因此选 B 项。
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例5　(2010·江西D篇—节选自文章第三段)
(Paragraph 3)However, what do we do with the time we have saved Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the_days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
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(　　)1.What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Imaginary life.
B．Simple life in the past.
C．Times of inventions.
D．Time for constant activity.
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【解析】 B　词义猜测题。本题是根据前后逻辑推理猜测词义。原句意义：也许， 我们静静聆听广播里的故事节目， 任想象插上翅膀肆意翱翔的日子， 已经一去不复返了。根据前后句可得知， 文章重点是说高速生活和简单生活的对比。故B项是对原文的正确解读。而A选项的理解有偏差， 重点转移了。
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四、推理判断型
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因； (3)目的、意图、态度推断。
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根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
A推理判断主要的设题方式有：
(1)It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(2)It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
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(3)It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…
(4)It implies that…
(5)Where would you most probably find this passage
(6)What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)
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B推理判断主要的解题策略有：
(1)根据不同文体，推断目的意图。高考阅读试题涉及到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；也有说明文、叙述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
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(2)根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1)表示褒义的
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词语：positive赞成的；supporting支持的；praising赞扬的；optimistic乐观的；admiring羡慕的；enthusiastic热情的等。2)表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等。3)表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。
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(3)根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。
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(4)根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
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例 　[2010·浙江D篇]
My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”
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Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
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There had been almost no rain at all that year. The city stopped watering the park grass. Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert. Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees started dying，too. Next，the park swimming pool was closed. The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
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As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass. Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck. People said drugs were being sold or traded there now. The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
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The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park. It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way. Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn out areas of the city. It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
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The chain link fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes_
I_wonder，though，what_changes_another_drought
_would_make_in_the_way_things_are_today.
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(　　)1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers
A．Scared.　　　　 B．Confused.
C．Upset. D．Curious.
【解析】 C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句：Why don’t they just leave it alone？以及第二段的美好回顾，可以推断出，作者对现在的变化很难过。
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(　　)2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother
A．It was being rebuilt.
B．It was dangerous.
C．It became crowded.
D．It had turned into a desert.
【解析】 B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段The park had gotten scary可知答案。
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(　　)3.According to the writer，what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park
A．The drought.
B．The crime.
C．The beggars and the rubbish.
D．The decisions of the city.
【解析】 D　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park…可知答案。
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(　　)4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came，________.
A．the situation would be much worse
B．people would have to desert their homes
C．the city would be fully prepared in
advance
D．the city would have to redevelop the
neighborhood
【解析】 A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的整体理解，可知旱情使事情变得很糟糕，由此可以推断出：再来一场旱灾的话，事情会更加的糟糕。故答案选A。
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五、篇章结构型
最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已经成为了一种新颖而独立的阅读题型。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的赏析能力。
A篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
(1)How is the passage organized
(2)Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
(3)What will the author most probably talk
about next
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(4)The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
(5)The first paragraph serves as
a(n)________．
(6)The example of…is given to show/illustrate that________.
B篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
(1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。
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(2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea→Evidence→Conclusion
/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
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(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，来更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
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例1　[2010·北京D篇—节选自文章第五段]
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
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(　　)1.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to________.
A．argue against free university education
B．call on them to finance students’ studies
C．encourage graduates to go into business
D．show their contribution to higher education
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【解析】 A　结构推断题。本题考查例证的功能。题目问：此处谈到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，支持什么论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free…从全文也可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education。
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例2　[2010·重庆C篇]
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商)follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征)of clothes. What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right，and women’s from the left.
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Considering most of the world’s population—men and women—are right handed，the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left
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History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century，when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right handed servants，having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand，having men’s shirts button from the right made sense，too. Most men dressed themselves，and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
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Today women are seldom dressed by servants，but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting Actually，a standard，once set，resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left，it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all，women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch.
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Besides，some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right，since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
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(　　)1.The passage is mainly developed by________.
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．examining differences
D．following the time order
【解析】 A　篇章结构题。本题考查文章的论证方法。通观整篇文章可以看出，作者在开始提到一个现象——男女衣服的标准相反，然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因。由此判断选A项。
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例3　[2009·北京]
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.
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Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
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In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
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Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C．Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
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Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
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So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re_almost_looking_at
_the_problem_through_a_straw(吸管)，” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we’re all struggling with.”
模块 3 │ 题型分类
(　　)1.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
模块 3 │ 题型分类
CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Sub—point(次要点)C: Conclusion
【解析】 C　篇章结构题。本题考查段落的组织形式。本文第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点1、2、3共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为C。
应试点睛
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
　 要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分，学生必须具备《高中英语新课程标准》规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量、熟悉语法结构，拓宽知识面，熟悉各种体裁和题材的文章，提高阅读速度，提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外，在复习中，应该注意以下几点：
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
一、 速读全文，了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质，掌握文章大意。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文，速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分，这样
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
就可以把握文章大意了。许多文章在第一段提出问题，中间段落进行分析、例证，最后一段是归纳结论，每段第一句话往往是主题句。抓主题句，是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
二、详读细节，理顺思路与脉络
文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
三、抓住主干，化解难句捕信息
要实现快速准确理解文章大意，就要学会抓句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论它有多么长，多么复杂它都是辅助成分。要说明的核心问题是，我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
都能够从容应对。 比如：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童)，I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了element is society就可以得知，社会是神童出现的一个因素。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
四、利用规律技巧，轻松应考走捷径
分析研究阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面，将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
常考点规律：(1)举例子、打比喻
为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以“细节事实性”题型和“推断性”题型出现，但偏倾于“推断性”题型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(2)引用人物论断
作者为了正确表达出自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此做文章。多以“推理性”题为主，有时也出“细节事实性”题型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(3)转折处与强对比
一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。强对比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性？答曰：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他题型中。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(4)复杂句
复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系、文章段落之间关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其他题型。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(5)因果句
命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以“推理性”题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其他题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(6)特殊标点符号
由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：(1)破折号(表解释)；(2)括号(表解释)；(3)冒号(表解释)；(4)引号(表引用)。题型一般有推理题，主旨大意题，细节事实题等。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
(7)段首，段尾句
在短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首，段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。
(8)最高级与绝对性词汇
文中若出现must，all，only，anyone，always，never等绝对性词汇，或形容词副词的最高级形式，往往是考点，一般出“细节性问题”。因为这些地方概念绝对，答案唯一，无论是命题还是答题，都不会产生歧义。命题人员以此为考点，可保证命题绝对正确。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
以上分析，基本上概括了历届考试阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律，在读文章时，就要在这些考点常出现地方作些记号。阅读完毕，这些作记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目，一一找到相对应的考点，再细细分析做题。这样就避免做一题，看一下整个段落，甚至全文，从而节省了时间。
专题一　人物传记类
专题 一 │人物传记类
专题导读
专题 一 │ 专题导读
人物传记阅读理解是高考英语常考材料之一。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。此类文体主要考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料易看懂，题目不好做的感觉。做题时要注意以下几点：(1)理清事件的线索；(2)分析人物的个性特点；(3)把握记叙的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙？
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·福建]
F. Scott Fitzgerald，born on September 24,1896，an American novelist，was once a
student of St.Paul Academy，the Newman
School and attended Princeton University
for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army
and was posted in Alabama，where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
His life with her was full of great happiness，as he wrote in his diary：“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could not share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”
专题 一 │ 真题再现
This Side of Paradise，his first novel，was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success，Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned(1922)，a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age(1922)，and a play The Vegetable(1923)．But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby，published in 1925，which quickly brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then，in 1926，he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
However，Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life，but failed. By 1930，his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States，he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham，his dear friend，helped him fight his alcoholism.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald
are mentioned in the passage
A. 5.　　　B. 6.　　　C. 7.　　　D. 8.
(　　)2. Which of the following is the correct
order to describe Fitzgerald’s life
according to the passage
a. He became addicted to drinking.
b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
c. He published his first novel This Side
of Paradise.
d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e. He failed to reorder his life.
f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
A. f c e a b d B. b e a f c d
C. f d e c b a D. b f c d e a
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)3. We can infer from the passage that
Fitzgerald ________.
A. had made some money when he met Zelda
in Alabama
B. was well educated and well off before
he served in the army
C. would have completed more works if his
wife hadn’t broken down
D. helped his friend get rid of drinking
while his wife was in hospital
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)4. The passage is probably followed by a
concluding paragraph about ________.
A. Zelda’s personal life
B. Zelda’s illness and treatment
C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham
D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the
literary world
专题 一 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文讲述了美国著名文学家弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德的生平、生活极其重要作品。
1. A　细节理解题。根据题意，由文章中关键词novel可知，文章中提到的Fitzgerald的小说有：This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night , The Love of the Last Tycoon共计5篇。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
2. D　事件排序题。根据第一段中“…was once a student of St. Paul Academy…In 1917 he joined the army…”可知Fitzgerald最先在圣保罗学院学习，然后参加的军队……
3. C　推理判断题。由第四段第一句“However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.”可知。
4. D　推理判断题。根据人物传记的特点和本段对Fitzgerald生活、作品的描述，说明了Fitzgerald的作品对文学界的意义，因此随后一段应该是关于Fitzgerald对文学界的贡献的。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
Would you believe that the first outstanding deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman His name was Laurent Clerc. He became a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America’s first school for the deaf.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Laurent Clerc was born in a small village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785.When he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense of smell.
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris where he excelled in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to stay on as an assistant teacher.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to London, England to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who invited him to go to Paris to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school where Laurent Clerc was
专题 一 │ 专题预测
teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America only a short time.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
The two men set sail on June 18, 1816.The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they founded a school for the deaf in Harford, Connecticut.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from teaching in 1858.Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on July 18, 1869 in the United States.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Why did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to London
A．He needed to finish his studies to become a minister.
B．It was the easiest way to get to France.
C．He wanted to study their system of deaf education.
D．He wanted to marry Alice Cogswell.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.From the information in this passage we can infer that________.
A．Laurent Clerc was an intelligent man
B．Clerc had difficulties learning language
C．Clerc married Eliza in order to get his Green Card
D．Clerc was paid well because he made such important contributions to society
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.On their trip from Paris to America, Clerc and Gallaudet ________.
A．played cards and socialized
B．studied and discussed their plans for a deaf school
C．founded a school for the deaf
D．Gallaudet studied English and Clerc studied sign language
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.Which is the right order of the things Clerc did
A．Met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married, went to school in Paris.
B．Met Gallaudet, went to school in Paris, moved to America, got married.
C．Went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married.
D．Got married, went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.The main idea of this passage could best be stated as________.
A．Clerc managed his time well, and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B．Thomas Gallaudet was indebted to Clerc for all that he taught him
C．Clerc preferred teaching deaf students to hearing students
D．Clerc, an educated Frenchman, had a great impact on American Deaf Education
专题 一 │ 专题预测
1．C　细节理解题。第四段“He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf和to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”与C项表达虽然不同，但意思基本一致。
2．A　推理判断题。可以用排除法解答此题，B项没想到；C项文中既没有说明为什么与Eliza结婚，更谈不上当时是否有“绿卡”。D项没有足够的信息推断挣钱多少。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．B　细节理解题。根据第五段中“They and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以确定答案是B。
4．C　逻辑顺序题。根据第三段、第五段、第六段和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可确定C项正确。
5．D　主旨大意题。全文围绕Clerc和他对美国聋儿教育的影响，所以D项正确，而A项面太窄，B项偏离主题，本文针对的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C项文中根本没提到。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
Powerful, blonde and over six feet tall, Maria Sharapova is the most brilliant tennis player who has ever stepped on tennis court. In the summer of 2004, seventeen year old Sharapova shocked the tennis world by defeating defending champion Serena Williams in the singles finals at Wimbledon, becoming the first Russian player to win the prestigious tennis event, and the third youngest winner in the history of the tournament.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Born on April 19, 1987, in Nyagan, a town in western Siberia, Russia, Maria Sharapova was encouraged by her parents to try everything, from dancing and music to athletics. She discovered tennis after her fourth birthday. Her parents liked to play tennis, too, so they began teaching her how to hit the ball. She proved to be a quick learner, and when she was six years old they traveled to Moscow for a youth tennis clinic.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Sharapova and her father moved from Russia to Florida when she was nine so that she could study at the tennis academy of Nick Bollettieri. She won her first junior championship title at the age of thirteen, and turned professional in 2001.Then Sharapova steadily worked her way up through the professional ranks, claiming her first WTA victory in Japan in 2003.Her crowning moment came the next year, when she won Winbledon, at a young age of 17, solidifying a consistent spot in the top five. She
专题 一 │ 专题预测
gained her second and third major titles by beating Justine Henin at the 2006 US Open and Ana Ivanovic at the 2008 Australian Open. Sharapova has earned a spot on Forbes magazine’s “Celebrity 100” list as the highest paid female athlete in the world.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Sharapova hopes to win Wimbledon, the Australian, French, and US Opens in the same year. No other female player has done so since German champion Steffi Graf in 1988.Sharapova also looks forward to a career beyond tennis. She has done some modeling, is a devoted reader of fashion magazines, and has even helped design some of her court outfits with Nike. Fashion design might be a career option when she retires
专题 一 │ 专题预测
from tennis. Acting would be another choice. “Nothing scares me，” she said, “because I’m not worried about failure. You never know until you try. So if you don’t try, you’ve failed. All I know is, I’m starving to be the best.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.Which of the following is not TRUE
A．Sharapova became the champion of the Wimbledon tournament at the age of 17.
B．Sharapova is the third Russian player in the history of Wimbledon to win the champion.
C．Sharapova began to play tennis at the age of four.
D．The Wimbledon Tournament is an important event.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.Sharapova won her first junior championship title at________.
A．six　　　　 B．four
C．seventeen D．thirteen
(　　)3.According to the story, the Forbes magazine________.
A．is a youth tennis training center
B．holds the Wimbledon tournament
C．ranks the famous people worldwide every year
D．introduces fashion
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.What does the underlined word “clinic”in the second paragraph mean
A．An office providing medical service.
B．Sports training center.
C．Stadium holding competitions.
D．A person offering medical service.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.The best title of the story is________.
A．An Outstanding Tennis Star
B．History of The Wimbledon Tournament
C．Success from Youth
D．Championships Sharapova Has Got
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 莎拉波娃以青春秀丽的外表及不俗的球技成为新一代球员中“美女兼实力派”的代表。毕竟“ 天才少女成名记”的故事发生过太多次，而后如流星般“陨落”的更是不在少数，若是莎拉波娃在荣誉与掌声背后能够一如既往地努力进步，才可能有希望成为明日网坛真正的天后。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
1．B　细节理解题。文章第一段末句说the first Russian player to win the prestigious tennis event, and the third youngest winner in the history of the tournament 而非第三位获得温布尔登网球公开赛冠军的俄罗斯选手。
2．D　细节理解题。文章第三段说She won her first junior championship title at the age of thirteen。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3．C　推理判断题。从文章的介绍来看，《福布斯》是一本定期公布名人排行榜的杂志。
4．B　词义理解题。clinic 在此意为“培训中心，培训学校”。
5．A　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主题为《杰出的网球明星》比较合理。其他答案过于片面。
专题二　故事类
专题 二 │ 故事类
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
故事类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些故事是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些故事是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，故事类文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往
专题 二 │ 专题导读
往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·四川]
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write
专题 二 │ 真题再现
without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.
Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such
专题 二 │ 真题再现
reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.What can be inferred about the author as a child
A．He never watched TV.
B．He read what he had to.
C．He found reading unbelievable.
D．He considered reading part of his life.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)2.The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”.
A．an idea
B．a sound quality
C．a way of writing
D．a world to write about
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)3.What effect does reading have on the author？　
A．It helps him to realize his dream.
B．It opens up a wider world for him.
C．It makes his college life more
interesting.
D．It increases his interest in worldwide
travel.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)4.Which of the following can be the best title of this text
A．Why do I read
B．How do I read
C．What do I read
D．When do I read
专题 二 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身体验，讲述读书使人形成自己的独立观点，读书使人开扩视野的重要作用。
1．D　细节理解题。根据首段第一二句， “I grew up in a house…with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves… . I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing”可知作者是在一个以书为伴的环境中长大的，读书像呼吸那样已经成为生活必需。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
2．C　词义推测题。根据文中 “…but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own…”可以推断出voice所表达的意思是“写作方式”。
3．B　细节理解题。由文章的最后一句可得出答案
4．A　主旨大意题。文章作者主要以自己的亲身体验讲述读书的重要性。因此Why do I read？“我为什么读书？”作题目最佳。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate must have touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there, too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m
专题 二 │ 专题预测
still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children！” I haven’t forgotten. The value of my parents still live on.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors (挑衅者), and to lay down my life for those in my care How many people would want me back for Christmas It’s a serious thought, one to give me pause.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword, and my darling from the power of the god.” Yet I know the death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live forever, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph ________.
A．puts forward the subject of the text
B．shows the author’s pity on the kid
C．acts as an introduction to the discussion
D．makes a clear statement of the author’s views
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)2.In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us________.
A．how much he misses his parents now
B．why his parents often appear in his dream
C．when Lucien will get over all his sadness
D．how proud he was when he succeeded in life
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.What feeling did the author’s mother express in her reply
A．Proud.　　　　　　　B．Happy.
C．Disappointed. D．Worried.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.In the author’s opinion, the value of a person’s life is________.
A．to leave behind a precious memory to the
people related
B．to have a high sense of duty to the whole
C．to care what others will remember and
treasure
D．to share happiness and sadness with his
family
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)5.What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem
A．Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.
B．Advise parents stay with their children safely at home.
C．Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death.
D．Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 该篇是夹叙夹议的文章。从一个孩子给圣诞老人写的一封信引出了父母应该为孩子留下什么这一主题。
1．C　结构功能题。第一段是作为话题的引子，即从孩子的书信引出作者对问题的思考。所以本段的功能是引出话题。故C正确。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
2．B　段落主题题。从第二段内容可知，作者的父母虽然去世多年，但他们在作者心目中的地位甚至比他们活的时候还要高。尤其是最后一句The value of my parents still live on更是对本段做了高度的总结。与之符合的意思应该选B。
3．D　判断推理题。第二段讲述了作者成为教授后非常兴奋，急于把这一消息告之父母。但他们的反映却出乎作者意料。母亲只是说：“这下你该有空陪陪孩子了吧！”由转折连词but可知，母亲为作者只顾自己的前程，不关心孩子而担心，故D项正确。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
2．A　细节理解题。由倒数第二段“He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading “events” he saw the three words(就是上文提到的，Javelin, Pole Vault, Shot Putt) the men had said.可知答案，关键词为“events”。
3．B　细节理解题。由第二段的“Excited by the student’s colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona. ”可以看出，这位西班牙学生的描述使Angus很兴奋。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
4．A　推理判断题。第一段告诉我们，15岁的Angus MacLeod 生活在大山里，消息比较闭塞，没有收音机也没出过远门，只能从父亲以及来爬山的人那里了解一些情况。下文他对听到的消息兴奋的表现(看到运动员带着装备进去他也拿了铁丝网要进场)也证明了这一点。故选A。
5．B　推理判断题。文章告诉我们，那些拿着装备的人都是参赛者(competitors)，而他不是参赛者，肩上扛着“a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网)”，并且“as casually as he could, shouted”，肯定会被拒之门外的。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
4．A　目的意图题。根据第三段It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care.可知，母亲的话使我思考我死后如何还能活在我的孩子以及我关心的人心中的问题，符合 A项表达。
5．D　句意理解题。这句话的字面意义是：从剑中抽出我的灵魂，从上帝的权威下拯救我的爱人。结合第一段所涉及的校园暴力事件来看，这句话表达了作者的愿望：远离暴力。 所以D项正确。Deliver…from…意为“把……从……中挽救出来”。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
As Joe and Michael were heading towards the Drivers License place, Michael, who was behind the wheel, froze as he heard the voice on the radio saying that a man had been murdered by a bullet that had came from the sky. He immediately drove off and went to a secret place. Later on that day, after thinking that the shot they had fired possibly wasn’t the shot that killed Mr Ward, they headed back to the Drivers License place where Michael failed the driver’s test because he could
专题 二 │ 专题预测
not think straight. For the next two months, Michael and Joe hid the secret that the bullet had actually shot Mr Ward.
During this time, Jenna Ward started to realize life without her father. While Jenna mourned the death of her father, a strange boy started to appear at the front steps of the church across the street from her house. After many nights of watching this boy, she finally recognized that it was Michael who was sitting on the steps every night.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
After months of finding out where the shot came, the police were able to narrow the search area down to within a four block area. Among these four blocks were Michael’s house and Joe’s house. When the police arrived at
Michael’s house, his dad mentioned the gun that Michae(共221张PPT)
　专题一 记叙文型完形填空
　专题二 夹叙夹议型完形填空
　专题三 议论文型完形填空
　专题四 说明文型完形填空
模块1　完形填空
模块1 完形填空
考纲解读
模块1│ 考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，旨在测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合运用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面：
1．词语辨析能力
2．语法结构分析能力
3．语篇理解能力
4．逻辑推理能力
5．文化背景透析能力
6．作者意图剖析能力
7．生活常识综合运用能力
命题分析
模块1│ 命题分析
在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词数大多在250—300词之间，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。
根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项。近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查
模块1│ 命题分析
考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在整个文章中去理解，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。以下是广东最近三年高考自主命题的完形填空命题特点以及实词考查对照表：
模块1│ 命题分析
年度 2008年 2009年 2010年
体裁 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文
题材 　该文讲述了并非所有英国神话故事中的仙女都是善良的， 有的也很恶毒， 常给人们带来痛苦。 　该文记叙了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔决定设立诺贝尔奖金的经过。 　该文记叙了一位南韩学生初到美国学习时所感受到的文化差异。
总词数 206 172 215
名词 2 3 3
动词 4 4 0
形容词 4 2 6
副词 0 1 1
应试点睛
模块1│ 应试点睛
完形填空的考查内容和范围
1．主要考查的词类：只考查实词，即名词、动词、 形容词和副词。完形填空题突出考查考生对篇章的整体理解和对语境的理解， 而在文章中只有实词才能较好地突出词汇的语境化。细读两年的考试大纲和研究近三年的高考试题后， 可以得知， 广东卷完形填空只考实
词， 主要是名词、动词(包括短语动词)、形容词、副词等。同时， 每小题的四个选项均属同一词类或同一语法形式。比如， 四个选项都是名词， 就都是单数名词或复数名词或是不可数名词；若四个选项都是形容词或副
模块1│ 应试点睛
词，要么都是原级， 要么都是比较级， 要么都是最高级；如果都是动词， 那么四个选项就要么都是及物动词或不及物动词， 要么都是 ing形式或 ed形式， 要么都是动词原形。
2．试题的选文特点：广东卷完形填空的体裁可以是具有一定故事情节的记叙文， 或是夹叙夹议、富有哲理的议论文， 也可以是说明文。2008～2010年的三篇文章的主题都很明确， 内容完整， 结构严谨， 层次分明， 逻辑性强， 文章内容新， 立意高， 构思巧妙， 富有一定的时代意义和教育意义， 句式结构不是很复杂，
模块1│ 应试点睛
知识内涵没有超出中学生的认知水平， 考生读起来熟悉、亲切、自然， 其难度略高于高三教材。完形填空的首句是文章的窗口， 有助于考生了解和推测全文的大意， 所以短文首句均不设空， 每两题空格最大间隔一般不超过30个词， 最小不低于5个词。广东卷完形填空的全部答案都是通过理解上下文来确定的， 也可以说是要求考生从文章中找直接或间接的答案。它一般不设纯语法题， 如不设主谓一致题， 不设复合句的连接词， 不考介词、代词等。另外， 四个选项中一般不会出现很难辨析的同义词或近义词。逻辑推理、背景知识、生活常识、惯用法和搭配是命题者经常考虑的命题点。
模块1│ 应试点睛
3．考查的主要技能：首先，考查考生结合文章上下文对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力。完形填空题有相当一部分试题考查考生能否根据文章的上下文来正确辨别所给选项， 选出最适合某语境的词或词组。其次，考查考生灵活运用惯用法和常用搭配的能力。还有，考查考生根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力。
题型探究
模块1│ 题型探究
完形填空主要考查语境， 而在通常情况下， 只有实词才能较好地体现语境。2008～2010年广东高考英语卷完形填空设空全为实词， 如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。
　探究点一:　对名词和动词的考查
模块1│ 题型探究
一、名词
名词是完形填空中对词汇考查的重要内容之一。名词在英语基本词汇中所占比例很大， 而且英语名词的同义词和近义词很多， 所以对名词考查的主要项目是名词意义辨析， 此外还有名词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　做题时应该注意：
　　1．名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分
　　例 (　　)Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A．enjoyment　　　　　 B．appreciation
C．entertainment D．reputation
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 B　本题考查名词的词义辨析。enjoyment享乐， 快乐；appreciation欣赏， 正确评价， 感激；entertainment款待， 娱乐；reputation名誉， 名声。根据语境“中国的艺术得到许多海外人士的好评”可知答案为B。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　2.名词在特定情景、语境中的特殊含义：
　　例 (　　)“The longer you stay away from the motherland，” she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.” Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with a ________ of mosquito bites.
A．shade B．pile C．cloud D．blanket
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 D　blanket原意是“毯子、毛毯”， 此处意思是“像毯子一样的厚厚的覆盖物”， 此处引申为“一层”。另外， carpet常用作名词， 意思是“毯子”， 也可用作动词， 意思是“像毯子一样覆盖”。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　3．名词与动词的搭配
　　例1 (　　)I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ________ to me.
A．meaning B．importance
C．sense D．significance
　　【解析】 C　make sense是固定习语， 意为“意义清楚、讲得通、有道理”。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to________ a part in a play.
A．made B．join C．have D．give
【解析】 C　have a part 是习惯搭配， 意思“扮演一个角色”。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　4．名词与介词的搭配
　　例1 (　　)Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by________ of cries.
A．ways B．means C．methods D．approaches
【解析】 B　四个选项都有“方法、手段”的意思， 但by means of 是固定短语。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within________ of little children.
A．hand B．reach C．space D．distance
【解析】 B　因为within sb’s reach是固定习语， 意为“某人伸手拿得到的”。
模块1│ 题型探究
二、动词
动词是高考考查的热点。命题者通过设置特定的、真实 的语境对动词和动词短语的用法进行考查。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　做题时应该注意：
1．动词的基本意义、引申意义
　　例1 (　　)Scientists around the world have been studying the warning of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as EL Nino. The appearance of EL Nino is known to ________ the weather around the world.
A．effect B．affect C．spoil D．heat
模块1│ 题型探究
　　【解析】 B　effect招致，引起，影响(多用作名词); affect影响，作用，感动； spoil宠坏，溺爱，破坏；heat加热，激昂。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)People who are well adjusted are able to________ stress situations better than others.
A．handle B．create
C．affect D．investigate
　　【解析】 A　handle作名词时意思是“柄， 把手”， 此处用作动词， 意思是“处理， 操作”。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　2．同、近义动词的区分
　　例1 (　　)Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20 hour operation to have________ one year old twins at the head.
A．cut B．separated
C．divided D．removed
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 B　本题考查动词的近义词辨析。cut切，割，削，剪，截；separate把(本来在一起的人或物)分开， 分离；divide把(一个整体)划分为均等的几个部分；remove把……脱掉， 剔除。根据题意“医生成功地实施手术， 把连体孪生婴儿分开了”， 只有separate 合乎语境。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)Four years of study in Hong Kong is not cheap, costing at least 400,000 yuan, but many top students ________ scholarships.
A．accept B．receive
C．require D．request
【解析】 B　accept接受， 同意， 承担(责任等)；receive收到，接受，迎接。此处的意思是“很多优秀学生获得奖学金”。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　3．动词与介词的搭配
　　例1 (　　)A month ago, right before leaving Kennedy Airport, my grandma________ me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the visitors like me.
A．persuaded B．reminded
C．warned D．informed
【解析】 C　warn sb. of sth. 是固定搭配， 意思是“警告某人某事”。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)Scientists are ________ of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
A．convinced B．persuaded
C．allowed D．prevented
【解析】 A　convince sb. of sth.使某人确信， 使……信服。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　4．动词与名词的搭配
　　例1 (　　)“But they are ________damage to our houses and shops of historical interest，” said John Norris, one of the protesters.
A．doing B．raising
C．putting D．producing
【解析】 A　固定搭配do damage to意为“损害、破坏”。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)He explained that I looked for the best in people，…From then on, I’ve always tried to________the principle in my life and later in running my company.
A．revise B．set
C．review D．follow
【解析】 D　follow the principle遵循这一原则。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　5．动词短语的意义
　　例1 (　　)They thought they would get the chance to ________ the new oil fields in this area.
A．put up B．set up
C．open up D．build up
【解析】 C　put up有“搭起， 搭建， 建造”之意， 但后面一般要接房子、帐篷之类的名词作宾语。set up 有“设立， 建立， 创立”之意， 后面要接工厂、组织、榜样等名词作宾语；open up意思为“打开， 打通， 开发， 开创”， 后面接领土、资源之类的名词作宾语。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　例2 (　　) …he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. After I________， I played better.
A．fell down 　　　　B．stepped down
C．slowed down 　　 　D．calmed down
【解析】 D　fall down跌倒； step down 下台， 让位， 辞去公职； slow down放慢速度， 减速； calm down平静下来， 镇定下来。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　形容词、副词是高考完形填空重要的考查内容。形容词可以修饰名词。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。广东高考完形填空考查的副词有相当一部分是方式副词(表示行为动作发生方式的副词)。重点掌握以下两类方式副词：
　探究点二:　对形容词和副词的考查
模块1│ 题型探究
(1)由形容词加后缀 ly构成的副词， 如slowly(慢慢地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(骄傲地), carelessly(粗心地), properly(适当地， 完全地), successfully(成功地), happily(高兴地), angrily(愤怒地), badly(严重地， 非常)等。
　　(2)由分词加后缀 ly构成的副词， 如surprisingly(使人惊奇的是), hurriedly(匆忙地), undoubtedly(无疑， 必定)等。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　做题时应该注意：
　　1．形容词、副词的基本意义、引申意义
　　例1　(　　)That his only son was killed in car accident was a ________ blow to the old man.
A．heavy B．broad C．huge D．main
【解析】 A　老人唯一的儿子在车祸中丧生对他来说是沉重的打击。这里的heavy是“强烈的， 沉重的”的意思。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2 (　　)She has the ability to keep________ in an emergency.
A．quiet B．calm C．still D．silent
【解析】 B　我们不妨从这几个“静”的反义词角度来加以辨析。calm对应wild, 指海上无浪， 情绪镇定；still对应moving, 指不动；silent对应wordy, 指不出声；quiet对应noisy, 安静， 无噪音。同一个形容词和副词， 在不同的语境中， 会有不同的词义。
模块1│ 题型探究
例3 (　　)Mr. Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up.
A．seriously B．heavily
C．badly D．hardly
【解析】 B　Mr. Smith以前抽烟抽得很凶， 但现在已经戒掉了。这里的heavily指的是量大， 次数频繁。
模块1│ 题型探究
例4 (　　)The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94.We were only ________ beaten.
A．nearly 　　 B．slightly
C．narrowly 　　D．lightly
【解析】 C　副词narrowly在此表示“勉强地”。句意：篮球赛的最后比分是93∶94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了比赛。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　2．同、近义形容词、副词的区别
　　很多形容词和副词一词多义。在形容词和副词考查中， 有时会碰到同义、近义词的辨析。辨析时， 单从汉语意思上有时是无法辨清的。我们要逆向思维， 采用反义对比、分析构词等方法， 使语义一目了然。
模块1│ 题型探究
例1 (　　)When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above________.
A．average B．ordinary
C．regular D．normal
例2 (　　)Letter boxes are much more________ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A．common B．normal
C．ordinary D．usual
模块1│ 题型探究
例3 (　　)It’s in the________ interest that we should have a well run health service.
A．ordinary B．general
C．particular D．usual
例4 (　　)Now, in our country, free medical treatment covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.
A．normal B．average
C．ordinary D．regular
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 D、A、B、C　这组题目主要涉及ordinary, usual, common和normal等词语的辨析。要辨清这几个中文意义十分相近的词的用法， 我们不妨来个逆向思维， 从它们的反义词上去找些“蛛丝马迹”：ordinary — special (特殊的)；general — specific, particular (具体的， 个体的)；common — rare (少见的)；normal — abnormal (不正常的)。从反义词的角度， 把同义、近义词作对比， 它们的区别便一目了然。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　3．形容词与介词的搭配
　　例 (　　)This magazine is very ________ with young people, who like its content and style.
A．familiar B．popular
C．similar D．particular
【解析】 B　be familiar with熟悉；be popular with受……欢迎；be similar to与……相似(注意不搭配介词with)；be particular about对……很讲究(不搭配介词with)。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　4．动词与副词的搭配
　　例 (　　)I ________ recognize the difficult situation the company is in.
A．strongly 　　　　　 B．deeply
C．sincerely 　　　　　D．fully
【解析】 D　注意记忆一些常用表达， 如deeply regret 深感遗憾；fully recognize完全认清；sincerely hope由衷地希望；strongly recommend强烈建议。
模块1│ 题型探究
　　5．语境
　　对形容词、副词的考查， 侧重语境考查占较大比重。答此类题目时不仅仅要理解形容词和副词的词义， 而且对语境的正确理解更为重要。所以， 应选择与短文所描述的情景或叙述的人、物、事件的性质、特征等有关的形容词或副词， 以及与短文前后叙述的话题、主题、中心内容相关的形容词或副词。
模块1│ 题型探究
例1 (　　)The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ________ have been solved by the end of next week.
A．eagerly B．hopefully
C．immediately D．gradually
【解析】 B　既然“现在正在讨论”， 那么这个问题在一定时间内得到解决是“有希望的”。比较四个选项， 你会发现A、C、D在逻辑上都讲不通， 可知答案是B。
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 C　分析题干的语境可知， 既然“worrying”是对困难的一种正常反应， 那么这种现象的发生就是自然的， 也是“不可避免的”。
例2 (　　)At times, worrying is a normal，________ response to a difficult event or situation—a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.
A．effective B．individual
C．inevitable D．unfavorable
模块1│ 题型探究
完形填空答案有的由已读过的上文决定， 有的由未读过的下文决定， 还有的要综合上下文而定， 这三种设空方法分别称为前制性设空、后制性设空和语篇性设空。毫无疑问， 前制性设空难度低， 后制性设空难度较高， 语篇性设空难度最大。
　探究点三:　前制性、后制性和语篇性的设空
模块1│ 题型探究
　　1．前制性设空：答案由已读过的上文决定
　　例1　(　　)I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was ________ and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be anything but a failure.”
A．bright B．useless C．simple D．hopeful
【解析】 B　根据…did very badly和You’re never going to be anything but a failure, 可知答案。
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 B　根据I woke up my cousin可以知道答案。
例2 (　　)I couldn’t bear the pain of the bites. I woke up my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine. Unhappy for being ________ she said, “There is nothing you can do…”
A．blamed B．interrupted
C．moved D．frightened
模块1│ 题型探究
　　2．后制性设空：答案由未读过的下文决定
　　例1 (　　)“Ring up this lady. She wants a________ immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”
A．cook B．help
C．teacher D．secretary
【解析】 A　根据…have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner可以知道答案。
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 C　根据…granted (答应给)Liu a full scholarship和Not all students are so fortunate.可以知道答案。
例2 (　　)Liu Mei is among the ________ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted Liu a full scholarship — HK$500,000.Not all students are so fortunate.
A．poor B．smart C．lucky D．silent
模块1│ 题型探究
　　3．语篇性设空：综合上下文后敲定答案　　
　　这种设题方式体现了“突出语篇”的命题思路。
　　例 (　　)I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most ________ games I’ve ever had. When Ed suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.…When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my respect.
A．encouraging B．hopeless
C．surprising D．regular
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 C　此题并非考查四个词的区别， 而是考查对全文的理解。根据后文提到的作者预计的得分与实际得分相比较， 这场比赛的结果是出人意料的， 可以推断C项为正确答案。
模块1│ 题型探究
完形填空题设空的答案有的由一个句子决定， 有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定， 还有的由语篇内容综合决定。因此， 完形填空设空分为句子层次、句组层次和语篇层次。设空的难度， 从句子层次到句组层次， 再到语篇层次， 依次递增。
　探究点四:　句子、句组和语篇的层次
模块1│ 题型探究
　　1．句子层次
　　完形填空的设空答案由一个句子决定。其所提供的四个选项往往在语法上都能成立， 但从语境来看， 却只有一个选项是最合适的。
例1 (　　)I could hardly wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to________ the coffee, tea and morning goodies.
A．start B．cook C．set D．serve
模块1│ 题型探究
【解析】 A　我一早就去厨房， cook(烹调)与后面宾语the coffee和tea不搭配， 它可以与breakfast搭配；set(摆放)，serve(端饭菜)都必须有服务对象， 通过对全段的理解可以感到此时家里其他人都没起来； start(开始动手)正说明一开始的情况。
模块1│ 题型探究
例2　(　　)For hours, the secretary took no notice of them, hoping that the couple would finally become ________ and go away.
A．surprised B．disappointed
C．worried D．troubled
【解析】 B　根据句子中的took no notice和go away可以判断出答案。
模块1 │ 题型探究
　 2．句组层次
完形填空的设空答案仅仅根据一个句子往往解决不了问题， 必须联系上下句， 甚至更多的句子才能得出答案。有的试题需要考生逾越句子、甚至是段落来进行理解和推断。句组层次的题型， 比句子层次从难度上提高了。
模块1 │ 题型探究
例 And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. I made my 1.________ to start my own company and leave my secure(稳固的) position after 2.________ a regional sales meeting. The vice president of our company delivered a 3.________ that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be？” After giving us a moment to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a god？” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment.
模块1 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.A.plan B．promise C．decision D．mind
(　　)2.A. attending B．joining
C．entering D．holding
(　　)3.A. newspaper B．book
C．report D．speech
模块1 │ 题型探究
【解析】
1．C　从空后的to start my own company and leave my secure(稳固的) position我们知道这是作者作出的“决定”。
2．A　从空后的a regional sales meeting 我们知道作者是参加会议。
3．D　从He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be？” 以及后文我们知道， 他作的是一个“演说”， 而不是作报告。
模块1 │ 题型探究
3．语篇层次
完形填空的设空答案若从单句或“局部”来分析， 所给的四个答案在语法或结构上都是正确的， 若统观全篇， 则不都正确。语篇层次是完形填空题命题的较高层次， 这个层次的题难度较大， 做题时需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻辑推理、判断分析的能力。
模块1 │ 题型探究
例1　Dear Laura，
I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you________.
A．hope B．advice C．support D．courage
So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still exists and lives even in the ever changing world of me, me, me! I thought you’d love to share this story.
Yours，
Hilary
模块1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world.这句话体现了作者要说明的中心是unselfish love(无私的爱), 而信的结尾又作了肯定回答that kind of love still exists and lives even in the ever changing world of me, me, me！首尾呼应， 中心明确。把握住这个中心， 对得出正确选项极有帮助。本小题在开门见山的第一段中， 体现出对全文的概括， 文中的you持怀疑态度， 作者当然不可能support(支持)、courage(鼓励)；而advice(劝告)是在对方没主意的情况下发出的；hope(希望)正是针对怀疑而来， 作者在下文中用事实给you以“希望”， 打消you的怀疑。
模块1 │ 题型探究
例2　(　　)Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ________ and have made up their minds to ring the bells non stop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street…“Not really，” she said, “actually we are proper bell ringers. I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church…I left the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.”
A．college B．village C．town D．church
模块1 │ 题型探究
【解析】 D　该题答案提示一直到最后(I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church) …(I left the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.)才出现， 答案选D。
专题一 记叙文型完
形填空
专题一 │ 记叙文型完形填空
专题 一│ 专题导读
记叙文是高考完形填空的主打体裁。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why…)；记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、
专题导读
专题 一│ 专题导读
地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能作出合理的选择。
专题 一 │ 典例导练
[2010·山东高考题改编]
It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members filled the hall. I was only a 7 year old girl, but I was the center of __1__. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __2__ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __3__—so I thought. I waited backstage all __4__ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies announced that my class was next. My
典例导练
专题 一 │ 典例导练
dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes twofeet by two feet, facing the__5__. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an__6__ move. I was concentrating so much keeping the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look __7__ I was going. I missed my partner’s box altogether and__8__. There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience,
专题 一 │ 典例导练
coming from the audience, and I felt the __9__ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not __10__.” I did my best to follow her advice as I continued with the routine.When the curtain dropped, so did my __11__ for the evening. I sobbed bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __12__ me down. Recently I realized I had been a __13__ that night.
专题 一│ 典例导练
I was __14__， but I fought the urge to run off the stage.__15__， I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh, too.
(　　)1.A. pressure　　　　 B．impression
C．debate D．attention
(　　)2.A. take over B．show off
C．look after D．give up
(　　)3.A. reasonable B．suitable
C．obvious D．perfect
专题 一 │ 典例导练
(　　)4.A. dressed up B．folded up
C．covered up D．mixed up
(　　)5.A. music B．audience
C．curtain D．stage
(　　)6.A. easy B．active
C．adventurous D．extra
(　　)7.A. why B．whether
C．where D．what
专题一 │ 典例导练
(　　)8.A.wandered B．slipped C．waved D．skipped
(　　)9.A.blood B．pleasure C．pride D．tear
(　　)10.A.leave B．cheer C．believe D．notice
(　　)11.A.doubts B．hopes C．voice D．patience
(　　)12.A.turn B．calm C．let D．put
(　　)13.A.star B．pioneer C．loser D．fool
(　　)14.A. satisfied B．moved
C．embarrassed D．confused
(　　)15.A. However B．Instead
C．In total D．In return
专题一 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者描述了自己7岁时的一次舞蹈表演，尽管做了充分的准备，但还是发生了意想不到的事情：失足落地。但她按照老师以前所说的：当你出现失误时，保持微笑，观众就不会注意到。这一招果然奏效，使她出色地完成了剩下的表演。
　　1．D　名词辨析。the center of attention 意为“关注的焦点”。句意为：尽管我只是一个7岁的孩子，却成了整个晚上关注的焦点。A项意为“压力”；B项意为“印象”；C项意为“争论，辩论”。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　2．B　动词短语辨析。show off 在这里表示“展示”。句意为： 我将在一个舞蹈表演中展示(这段时间以来)我所有的辛苦劳动。A项意为“接管”；C项意为“照顾，照看”；D项意为“放弃”。
　　3．D　形容词辨析。前面告诉我们，主人公已经作了充分的准备，所以她认为一切将万无一失，因此用perfect(完美的)。A项意为“合理的”；B项意为“合适的，得体的”。
　　4．A　动词短语dressed up(穿……衣服），与后面black tights 相呼应。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　5．B　名词辨析。站在舞台上面对的自然应该是台下的观众，所以要用audience(观众)。A项意为“音乐”；C项意为“幕”；D项意为“舞台”。
　　6．A　an easy move(一个很简单的动作）与下文“表演失败”形成对比。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　7．C　语境化选词。这里指的是自己的脚移动的方向，所以要用where，句意见上一题。
　　8．B　动词辨析。这里指的是没有踩到木箱，脚下一滑，就跌倒了。A项意为“漫游”；C项意为“挥动，舞动”；D项意为“跳跃”。
　　9．A　名词辨析。由常识和语境可知，在舞台上出现了失误，应该是很尴尬，脸涨得通红，所以这里应该选择blood，意思是：血。句意为：我感到血迅速涌向我的脸。B项意为“愉快”；C项意为“骄傲”；D项意为“眼泪”。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　10．D　动词辨析。notice 意为“注意到”。句意为：我记得舞蹈老师曾经告诉我们，如果在舞台上出现了失误，你要保持微笑，这样观众就不会注意到(你的失误)。我按照老师的这一建议，完成了我的舞蹈。A项意为“离开”；B项意为“欢呼”；C项意为“相信”。
　　11．B　根据句意“当舞台落幕时，我炫耀表演的希望(hopes)也破灭了”可知。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　12．B　动词辨析。从上文的描述可以看出，作者的情绪失控了，所以很不冷静，因此这里要表达的意为：没有人能使我安静下来。calm down意为“使……安静下来”。turn down 拒绝；set down 意为“放下，记下”；put down意为“放下”。
　　13．A　语境化选词。“我”当时一直以为自己很失败，从后面的描述来看，“我”现在感觉到当时没有直接走下舞台，而是继续表演完成就很成功了。所以四个选项中只有star(明星)符合语境。B项意为“先驱，先锋”；C项意为“失败者”； D项意为“傻瓜”。
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　14．C　语境化选词。这里描述的是当时在舞台上出现失误后的心情，自然应该是“尴尬的”，所以用embarrassed。A项意为“满意的”；B项意为“感动的”；D项意为“困惑的”。
　　15．B　副词辨析。instead 代替，反而。句意为： 我没有离开舞台，相反，我仍然面带微笑完成了表演。A 项意为“然而”；C项意为“总共”；D项意为“作为回报”。
（一）
I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad was a fisherman. It was hard to make a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out __1__ he caught enough to feed the family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad. When the weather was bad he would__2__ me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing business. Older than it was, that truck, out of__3__， coughed
专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
all the way with loud noise and heavy smoke. As he would drive, I would fall down into the seat hoping to__4__. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and __5__. Then he would lean over to give me a big kiss and tell me to be a good boy. It was so__6__ for me now. Here, I was 12 years old, and he would kiss me goodbye! I remember __7__I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his
专题 一 │ 专题预测
__8__ big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my __9__ up and said, “No, Dad.” It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this __10__ look on his face. I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.”
My father looked at me for the longest time. When __11__ came into his eyes, “You’re right.” he said, “You’re a big boy… . A man.”
Later, Dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when __12__ of the ships stayed in, but not Dad. He had a big family
专题 一 │ 专题预测
to feed. You don’t know what I would give to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek… . To touch his rough old face…， to __13__ the ocean on him… to feel his arm around my neck. I __14__I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too __15__ for a goodbye kiss.
(　　)1.A.since B．when C．until D．before
(　　)2.A.take B．drive C．watch D．rush
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.A. preparation B．control
C．distance D．condition
(　　)4.A. repair B．scream
C．advance D．disappear
(　　)5.A. laughing B．watching
C．performing D．playing
(　　)6.A. amazing B．surprising
C．disappointing D．embarrassing
(　　)7.A. the day B．the way
C．the order D．the action
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.A.usual B．common C．daily D．sweet
(　　)9.A.head B．hand C．cheek D．mouth
(　　)10.A. excited B．pleased
C．terrified D．bored
(　　)11.A.lights B．apologies C．tears D．sorry
(　　)12.A.all B．most C．some D．none
(　　)13.A.notice B．smell C．sense D．feel
(　　)14.A.realize B．regret C．wish D．hope
(　　)15.A.young B．old C．shy D．late
专题 一 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　【文章大意】 父亲用他的方式表达着对“我”的爱。每次送我，都要和我吻别， 12岁的时候，我突然对将要和我吻别的父亲说自己已经长大了，不需要任何形式的吻了，父亲伤心得泪水盈眶。然而一次意外，留给我无尽的后悔和遗憾……
　　1．C　考查连词辨析。句意：他工作很努力，每次在外面捕鱼，他直到捕到足够一家人吃的鱼，他才回来。故答案为C。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　2．B　考查动词辨析。由下文的that truck，以及As he would drive可以看出，这是爸爸用车送我去上学，所以选drive，意为：用车送。句意：当天气不好的时候，他就用车送我去上学。
　　3．D　考查名词辨析。由作者对该车的描述：Older than it was；loud noise and heavy smoke可以看出，这辆车的状况已经很差了，所以选out of condition，意为：状况不好。preparation“准备”；explanation“解释”；distance“距离”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　4．D　考查动词辨析。从后面的“it seemed like everybody would be standing around”来看，由于这辆破车很差，噪音大，又冒着浓浓的黑烟，所以怕别人看到了笑话我，所以我就滑到座位底下，希望自己消失，所以选disappear。repair“修理”，scream“尖叫”；advance“前进”。
　　5．B　考查动词辨析。我作为一个小孩子，担心被别人看到自己坐在一辆破车里，所以要用watch，如果把A项改为laughing at(嘲笑)也讲得通的。perform“表现”；play“玩”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　6．D　考查形容词辨析。现在想起来，当时自己的做法确实令人很尴尬，所以要选择embarrassing，意为：“尴尬的，窘迫的”；amazing“令人惊讶的”；surprising“令人吃惊的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。
　　7．A　考查名词辨析。“我”仍然记得我决定对于吻别来说我已经太大了的那一天(the day)。
　　8．A　考查形容词辨析。daily 意思是：日常的。usual“通常的”；common“普通的”；sweet“甜的”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　9．B　考查名词辨析。我已决定不再让爸爸吻我，所以当他倾下身来的时候，我举起了手阻止他的嘴，所以选hand。
　　10.C　考查形容词辨析。 因为父亲从未想到他对我这种爱的方式会遭到拒绝，对于突如其来的伸手阻止没有一点防备和心理准备，有点受惊，所以选terrified，意为：受惊吓的。excited“兴奋的”；pleased“高兴的”；bored“无聊的，无趣的”。
　　11．C　考查名词辨析。很显然，父亲很伤心，从后面的他转过身去，可以看出，他不想让我看到他眼睛里的泪水，所以选tears。意为：眼睛了含着泪水。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　12．A　考查代词辨析。因为父亲需要养活一大家人口，所以在天气不好的情况下，别的船只都呆在家里，而爸爸却去出海了，由此可以看出，除了爸爸的船之外，其他的全都在，所以应该选all。
　　13．B　考查动词辨析。notice“注意到”；smell“闻”；sense“感觉到”；feel“触摸，感觉”。海洋不可能在父亲的身上，打鱼回来，带来的只能是海洋的味道，所以选B项。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　14．C　考查动词辨析。这里是对自己以前所做的蠢事的后悔，因为当时自己并没有长大，所以这里作者用了两个虚拟语气说：要是我当时已经长大了，我就不会对父亲说，我已经长大了，用不着吻别了。那之后不久，父亲出海打鱼，再也没有回来。那样的话，父亲也不会伤心，我也不会留下遗憾。
　　15．B　考查语境化选词。见上一题。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
[2010·潍坊质检改编]
It’s a small gas station that has snacks, drinks, cigarettes, and candies. The young man behind the counter knows his __1__by name and what they normally want to buy. He treats children and adults with equal __2__. He reads science fiction behind the counter when business is slow.
One day, three people rushed in and grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could，__3__ not intending to pay for it. He hit the “panic button”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
and then went over the counter and __4__ the front door. It was obvious they were homeless, and equally obvious that they weren’t going __5__ with their ill gotten gains. They__6__ the food and simply crowded together in panic—knowing the police were on the way.
But they were told they didn’t have to steal if they were that__7__. “We have food in the back, expired (到期) but still safe to eat.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
They were told to __8__ what they had dropped and put it back, then asked to straighten out the mess. They were doing just that __9__ the police arrived. The officers were told the situation was under control and the police were no longer __10__. This wasn’t what they had__11__.
Soon three cleaner people walked out with all the__12__ their arms could hold. They were __13__ that, if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
He would be the __14__ person in the world to claim he was a hero. But he gave three people something—a __15__ amount of self respect and a little bit of hope.
(　　)1.A. friends B．neighbors
C．customers D．passengers
(　　)2.A. respect B．pride
C．wisdom D．privilege
(　　)3.A. bravely B．reasonably
C．hardly D．obviously
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.A. opened B．locked
C．closed D．broke
(　　)5.A. nowhere B．somewhere
C．anywhere D．everywhere
(　　)6.A. hid B．lifted
C．swallowed D．dropped
(　　)7.A. anxious B．cautious
C．courageous D．hungry
(　　)8.A. hold up B．hand out
C．pick up D．hand in
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)9.A. when B．after
C．before D．since
(　　)10.A. popular B．necessary
C．reliable D．important
(　　)11.A. wanted B．desired
C．expected D．admired
(　　)12.A. money B．cigarettes
C．drinks D．food
(　　)13.A. reminded B．warned
C．ordered D．persuaded
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)14.A. first B．last
C．best D．worst
(　　)15.A. large B．fair
C．small D．full
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
　　【文章大意】 作为一个小加油站兼杂货铺的老板，他童叟无欺，心地善良，富有同情心，甚至连闯入店里抢劫东西的人也用那颗包容的心给他们以充分的自尊与希望。
　　1．C　考查名词辨析。根据语境The young man behind the counter…可知应选customers，意为：顾客。friend 朋友；neighbor邻居；passenger旅客，乘客。
　　2．A　考查名词辨析。 respect尊敬，敬意，pride骄傲，wisdom智慧，privilege特权。根据语境，respect更符合题意。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　3．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境…grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could可知为obviously，显然地。bravely勇敢地，reasonably合情合理地，hardly几乎不，都不符合题意。
　　4．B　考查动词辨析。根据行文逻辑可以看出，有人来抢劫，肯定要报警并锁好前门阻止抢劫犯逃脱。故选locked。
　　5．C　考查副词辨析。根据下文…simply crowded together in panic…可知他们不能逃走，前面有not，故选anywhere，任何地方。句中如果没有not，就需要用nowhere。somewhere在某处，everywhere到处，处处。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　6．D　考查动词辨析。下文“…what they had dropped”中有原词复现，故选dropped，意为：扔掉。hide 躲藏；lift举起，提升；swallow吞咽。
　　7．D　形容词辨析。根据上文他们抢食物的语境可知他们无家可归，是因为饥饿才抢食物。故选hungry，饥饿的。anxious 焦虑的，担忧的；cautious小心的；courageous勇敢的，有勇气的。
　　8．C　考查动词短语辨析。根据语境为pick up，捡起他们扔掉的东西。 hold up举起，hand out分发，pick up拾起，捡起，hand in上交。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　9．A　考查连词辨析。根据本句语境可知为when，当警察来到的时候。
　　10．B　考查形容词辨析。根据本句语境the situation was under control，情况得到控制，警察就不必要了，故选necessary，必要的。
　　11．C　考查动词辨析。expect预料。他们偷了东西反而受到了这样的待遇，这是他们所没有预料到的。want 需要，desire渴望，admire敬佩，羡慕。
　　12．D　考查名词辨析。根据全文内容他们来的目的就是食物，因此会拿了food“食物”出来。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
　　13．A　考查动词辨析。 remind提醒，warn警告，order 命令，persuade劝说。“if they needed to come back again, they were to ask and not just grab.”很显然是对他们的提醒，故答案为A。
　　14．B　根据下一句中but一词可以得知他不会说自己是个英雄。the last指最后的，即他自己不会说。
　　15．C　根据下文语境…a little bit of hope可知为a small amount of，少量的。
专题二 │ 夹叙夹议型完形填空
专题二　夹叙夹议型完
形填空
专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看
专题二 │ 专题导读
法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确地利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
典例导练
专题二 │ 典例导练
[2010·浙江高考题改编]
My mother told us that we would not be__1__ Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad saying nothing. Just when I started to __2__ that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women__3__ at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I suddenly realized that I wasn’t __4__. Somebody had thought enough of me to bring me a gift.
专题二 │ 典例导练
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my__5__Christmas special and memorable, I instantly remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __6__ for as many children as I could possibly reach.
So I __7__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies，__8__ with a
专题二 │ 典例导练
child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were__9__ . Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __10__ them that they couldn’t open their presents__11__ every child had come forward. Finally the moment they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __12__ up the room. The __13__ in the room
专题二 │ 典例导练
was obvious, and __14__ wasn’t just about toys. It was a feeling—the feeling I knew __15__ that
Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn’t forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.
(　　)1. A．sending　　　　　B．receiving
C．making D．exchanging
(　　)2.A. doubt B．hope
C．suggest D．accept
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)3.A. broke in B．settled down
C．turned up D．showed off
(　　)4.A. blamed B．loved
C．forgotten D．affected
(　　)5.A. present B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)6.A. strength B．independence
C．importance D．safety
(　　)7.A. kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)8.A. none B．few
C．some D．each
(　　)9.A. fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)10.A. reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)11.A. after B．until
C．when D．since
专题二 │ 典例导练
(　　)12.A. lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
(　　)13.A. atmosphere B．sympathy
C．calmness D．Joy
(　　)14.A. it B．such
C．something D．everybody
(　　)15.A. by B．till
C．for D．from
专题二 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，从而关注弱势群体，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。
　　1．B　考查动词辨析。由上文可知，还是小孩子的我，在圣诞节来临之际，我应该是收到礼物，故选择B。
　　2．D　考查动词辨析。联系上下文，推断此处表达的意思是：我开始接受没有礼物的现实，选择accept，其他三个选项都不符合文意。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　3．C　考查动词短语辨析。四个选项：break in闯入；settle down安居；turn up出现；show off炫耀。联系上下文此处表达的意思是：就在这个时候，三位女士拿着圣诞礼物出现在我们家里，故选择C。
　　4．C　考查动词辨析。分析四个选项，结合上下文，可以得知，这件礼物对我是多么重要，所以此处表达我意识到自己没有被遗忘，故选择C。
　　5．B　考查形容词辨析。联系上下文，提到new house，肯定选择first，西方人对于圣诞节很重视，是一家人团圆的日子，所以此时表达重要性，作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。故选择B。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　6．C　考查名词辨析。根据第一段中所描述的那次圣诞节礼物给我的感受和作者此刻的心情可知，她认为送圣诞节礼物会给得到礼物的孩子们有一种受重视、受关系的感受。
　　7．C　考查动词短语辨析。从上一段的内容可以推断，是我想出了(came up with)一个从公司召集40个人来帮忙的计划。
　　8．D　考查代词辨析。根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　9．B　考查形容词辨析。每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是彼此相同的，所以作者的意思是给孩子们启示：每个人都是独一无二的。
　　10．A　考查动词辨析。从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，我提醒(remind)大家要等到每个人都走到前面之后才能打开礼物。
　　11．B　考查连词辨析。句意见上题， until意为：直到……才。
　　12．A　考查动词辨析。分析四个选项的意思，根据
专题二 │ 典例导练
文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
　　13．D　考查名词辨析。联系上下文，分析四个选项的意思，此处是表达欢乐，故选择D。
　　14．A　考查代词辨析。联系上下文，得知：欢乐不仅仅是因为玩具。所以选择it，指代欢乐。
　　15．D　考查介词辨析。联系上下文，此处表示：我又一次体验到了从很久以前的那次圣诞节上获得的感受。故选择D。
专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
(一)
I got a job working at a local coffee shop. I thought the job would be easy and stress free. I__1__ myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts(炸酱面), and becoming friends with regular customers.
I wasn’t expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who__2__ that the coffee was much too creamy (含乳脂的), or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until
专题二 │ 专题预测
__3__ reached perfection. I couldn’t seem to please anyone.
One rainy day, one of my __4__ customers came in looking upset. He said he felt like being head heavy. I knew exactly how he __5__. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He was __6__， since he hasn’t ordered anything but coffee. I had given him his favorite type of doughnut. “It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.” He smiled and __7__ me before heading back out into the rain.
专题二 │ 专题预测
The next day, it was still raining. I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders. I was completely__8__ and freezing cold. Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more __9__. In the evening, the former customer showed up and handed me a pink rose and a __10__. He said that not many people took time to __11__ others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world. With a friendly wave, he drove away leaving a note which read：
专题二 │ 专题预测
“Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday. It is so nice to __12__ someone who’s genuinely (真诚地) nice. Please don’t change our ways! Have a great day！—Hank”
__13__ that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I __14__ Hank and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, __15__ my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you？”
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. pictured B．taught
C．saw D．felt
(　　)2.A. provided B．complained
C．suggested D．showed
(　　)3.A. the women B．it
C．they D．the men
(　　)4.A. favorite B．familiar
C．regular D．strange
(　　)5.A. got B．became
C．grew D．felt
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.A. surprised B．happy
C．satisfied D．sad
(　　)7.A. helped B．thanked
C．asked D．found
(　　)8.A. tired B．worried
C．wet D．disappointed
(　　)9.A. amazed B．glad
C．anxious D．depressed
(　　)10.A. paper B．book
C．note D．pen
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A. help with B．take care
C．look out D．care about
(　　)12.A. need B．meet
C．learn from D．describe
(　　)13.A. Before B．After
C．Beside D．Behind
(　　)14.A. thought of B．reminded of
C．approved of D．informed of
(　　)15.A. make B．cure
C．clear D．touch
专题二 │ 专题预测
参考答案：　　　
　　　　　　　　　　(一)
　　【文章大意】 一个不经意的善举，一颗知恩感恩的心，就会让温馨和真情如火花般蔓延，温暖世界的每个角落。
　　1．A　考查动词辨析。后面是作者对自己将要做的工作的美好想象。所以选picture，在这里是动词，意思为“想象，描绘”。
　　2．B　语境化选词。从下文的“or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again.”可推知女顾客们也不是很满意，应该是在抱怨。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　3．C　语境化选词。they这里指的是上文的“their iced coffees”。
　　4．C　语境化选词。从第一段最后的becoming friends with regular customers 可看出答案。
　　5．D　考查动词辨析。此处指作者很了解这个顾客的感受。
　　6．A　语境化选词。
　　7．B　语境化选词。从上文的I had given him his favorite type of doughnut. “It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.” He smiled…看，顾客是感谢作者的，故用thank。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　8．C　语境化选词。既然是下雨天，作者在忙：“I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders”，所以全身湿透，故选C项。
　　9．D　考查形容词辨析。由于没有得到小费，作者的心情是沮丧的。depressed“沮丧的”； amazed“吃惊的”； anxious“着急的”。
　　10．C　语境化选词。
　　11．D　考查动词短语辨析。help with“帮助”；take care“当心”；look out“当心”； care about“关心”。从上下文看，应该是“关心”，故选D项。
　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　12．B　考查动词辨析。meet“遇见”符合题意。句意为：遇见一个和蔼真诚的人实在太好了。
　　13．B　语境化选词。本句的意思是：从这以后，每当我心情不好的时候，我就想起了“Hank and his kindness”。
　　14．A　考查动词短语辨析。think of“想起”； remind of“提醒”；approve of“赞成”；inform of“通知”。
　　15．C　考查固定搭配。clear my throat清清嗓子。句意：于是，我会微笑着，昂起头，清一清嗓子，礼貌地问：“您想要点什么？”
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
One Sunday afternoon, I was __1__ with friends about animals. I said the whale was like a mammal animal. They disagreed. Finally, I called a __2__over to help settle the matter. I knew I was right, so I was looking forward to the teacher__3__I was right. My friends were eager for an opposite answer. “No, the whale is a fish，” she said without a moment’s__4__. You could have knocked me over with a feather. My__5__was hurt because I lost the argument, but that wasn’t the main reason
专题二 │ 专题预测
I was too__6__ to speak. I still knew I was right, which meant the teacher was wrong. Not only was she wrong，__7__she was completely ignorant about something I thought was __8__knowledge. But she was a teacher who had taught a long time. Everyone __9__her and no one else thought she could be wrong.
__10__ that, I hadn’t known grown ups could be wrong. This __11__ shaped the way I viewed people as I grew up.__12__ I found anyone treated another person with too much respect and admiration,
专题二 │ 专题预测
I thought—and still think—“ __13__silly.” From that point on, I had no__14__for authority. To earn my respect, you have to be smart or__15__. I’ll never respect you just because you happen to be in charge or have a degree.
(　　)1.A. meeting B．working
C．arguing D．staying
(　　)2.A. professor B．biologist
C．librarian D．teacher
(　　)3.A. proving B．finding
C．promising D．hoping
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)4.A. doubt B．silence
C．regret D．hesitation
(　　)5.A. heart B．mind
C．pride D．feeling
(　　)6.A. foolish B．anxious
C．serious D．astonished
(　　)7.A. and B．but C．for D．or
(　　)8.A. special B．normal
C．regular D．common
(　　)10.A. Before B．After C．Until D．Since
专题二 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A. fairly B．properly
C．nearly D．greatly
(　　)12.A. Whenever B．Although
C．While D．Whether
(　　)13.A. I’m B．that’s
C．he’s D．you’re
(　　)14.A. idea B．respect
C．choice D．question
(　　)15.A. energetic B．patient
C．talented D．diligent
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(二)
　　【文章大意】 作者在与朋友的一次争辩中，由于老师的无知作者的自豪感荡然无存。从此以后，作者不再盲目相信权威，而是佩服真正拥有聪明才智的人。
　　1．C　根据后两句的内容可知作者当时在和朋友“争论”。此外，第三段第二句中的argument也是线索提示。
　　2．D　根据下一句后半句中的内容可知，作者请“老师”来解决这个问题。
　　3．A　作者对自己的观点非常自信，所以希望老师能够“证明” (prove)自己是正确的。
　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　4．D　下文叙述的是老师的无知，由此可以推断她毫不“犹豫”地回答说鲸鱼不是哺乳动物，而是鱼。without hesiation毫不犹豫。
　　5．C　由前文可知作者很确定鲸鱼是哺乳动物，在与朋友的争辩中显然为自己知道事实真相而感到“自豪”，但是老师的无知让作者的自豪感受到了伤害。
　　6．D　作者明明知道自己的观点正确，而老师竟然毫不犹豫地否定，作者自然感到非常“吃惊”，一时无话可说。
　　7．B　此句是“not only…but also…”结构，表示“不但……而且……”，but后面省略了also。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　8．D　common knowledge表示“常识”，此处common表示“普通的，平常的”。她不但错了，而且她对作者认为是常识的东西完全不知晓。前三项分别表示“特殊的”、“正常的”、“规律的”，都不符合所给语境。
　　9．C　上一句中提到她的教龄很长，再结合本句后半句的内容可知每个人都“相信”她的话。A项表示“取悦”，B项表示“钦佩，羡慕”，D项表示“喜爱”，均不符合语意。
　　10．A　在此“之前”，作者一直不知道成年人也犯错。而C项构成“not…until…”结构，主语的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，所以用在此处不合适。B、D两项均不符合语意。故选A项。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　11．D　上述事件在作者的成长过程中“极大地”影响了他对别人的看法。A项表示“相当地”时，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，B项表示“适当地”，C项表示“几乎”，均不符合语意。
　　12．A　此处所要表达的意思是“每当”作者发现有人对另外一个人过于尊敬或崇拜的时候……所以用whenever“无论何时”。虽然C项也可以表示“当……时候”，但是谓语动词应该是延续性动词，所以不可选。B、D两项都不符合语意。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　13．B　此处that承接上文，指代本句前半句的内容，即有人过于尊敬或崇拜另一个人的做法。
　　14．B　上一句中提到作者厌恶人们过于尊敬或崇拜他人，由此可知作者不再“尊重”所谓的权威。此外，下一句中to earn my respect也是线索提示。
　　15．C　“鲸鱼”事件后，作者改变了以往的做法，开始看重聪明“才智”，而不是地位或者学位的高低。talented“有才能的”；energetic“精力充沛的”；patient“有耐心的”；diligent“刻苦的”。
专题三│ 议论文型完形填空
专题三　议论文型完
形填空
专题导读
专题三 │ 专题导读
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，
专题三 │ 专题导读
然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。
典例导练
专题三 │ 典例导练
[2009·福建高考题改编]
　　Children find meanings in their old family tales. Stephen Guyer told his three children stories about how his grandfather, a banker，__1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times when he was nearly__2__， he loaded his family into the car and __3__ them to see family members in Canada with a __4__，“there are more important things in life than money.”
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　The tale took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __5__ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was worried that his children would be upset. To his surprise, their reaction echoed(共鸣) their great grandfather’s. What they __6__ was how warm the people were in the house.
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children __7__ hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __8__ in telling tales.
　　A university __9__ of 65 families with children found kids’ ability to __10__ parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　The __11__ is telling the stories in a way children can __12__. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that __13__， “When I was a kid…” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s __14__， and make eye contact to create “a personal experience.” We don’t have to tell children__15__ they should take from the story and what the moral is.
专题三 │ 典例导练
(　　)1.A. missed 　　　 B．lost
　　　　C．forgot 　　　D．ignored
(　　)2.A. friendless 　 B．worthless
　　　　C．penniless 　 D．homeless
(　　)3.A. fetched 　　 B．allowed
　　　　C．expected 　　 D．took
(　　)4.A. hope 　　　　B．promise
　　　　C．suggestion 　D．belief
(　　)5.A. large 　　　 B．small
　　　　C．new 　　　　 D．grand
专题三 │ 典例导练
(　　)6.A. talked about 　 B．cared about
　　　　C．wrote about 　　 D．heard about
(　　)7.A. beyond 　　　　 B．over
　　　　C．behind 　　　　　D．through
(　　)8.A. argument 　　　　B．skill
　　　　C．interest 　　　 D．anxiety
(　　)9.A. study 　　　　　B．design
　　　　C．committee 　　　 D．staff
(　　)10.A. provide 　　　　B．retell
　　　　 C．support 　　　 D．refuse
专题三 │ 典例导练
(　　)11.A. trouble 　　　　　 B．gift
　　　　 C．fact D．trick
(　　)12.A. perform B．write
C．hear D．question
(　　)13.A. means B．ends
C．begins D．proves
(　　)14.A. needs B．activities
C．judgments D．habits
(　　)15.A. that B．what
C．which D．whom
专题三 │ 典例导练
参考答案：
　 【文章大意】 文章通过Stephen Guyer给他的三个孩子讲述他们祖父艰苦创业的故事而未引起孩子们的共鸣的例子说明了一个观点：给孩子们讲故事时，要注意满足孩子们的需要，还要注意眼神的交流，采用孩子们易于接受的形式，而不要说教。
　　1．B　动词辨析。根据后一分句中的动词lose可知此处选B。
　　2．C　形容词辨析。penniless“身无分文的”。根据前文的the darkest times，以及下文对当时情况的描述“there are more important things in life than
专题三 │ 典例导练
money.”可知此处选C。如果不注意分析下文的语境，就会误以为我们一家已经无家可归而不得不乘车去找家里的其他人而误选homeless(无家可归的)。friendless “没有友谊的，无依无靠的”； worthless “没有价值的”。
　　3．D　动词辨析。take sb. to do sth. 带某人去干某事。由本句中的he loaded his family into the car可以推断出，外祖父怀着这样的信念：人生中还有比金钱更重要的东西这一信念，让我们上车，带我们去加拿大看那里的其他的家庭成员。 fetch去取；allow允许；expect预料，期待。
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　4．D　名词辨析。由语境可知，当时他们已经身无分文了，所以可以推断出所填词意思是：信念(belief)。也就是下文所说的“there are more important things in life than money”，所以选“belief(信念)”，hope希望；promise诺言；suggestion建议。
　　5．B　语境化选词。根据downsize可知此处选B。句意：Mr. Guyer从一个更贵、更舒适的大房子搬到一个小房子里。
　　6．B　动词短语辨析。 talk about谈论，讨论；care about注意，关心；对……感兴趣；write about写关于……的事；hear about听说。由句意可知此处选B。
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　7．D　介词辨析。句意：很多父母们发现家庭的故事在帮助孩子们度过(through)难关方面有着惊人的力量。 所填介词与hard times构成搭配，意思是：度过艰难时期，选D。
　　8．C　名词辨析。 前文提到讲述家人以前的故事的积极作用，所以这里的意思是：故事专家们说这种现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事有着越来越浓的兴趣(interest)，……，故选C。argument 辩论； skill技巧；anxiety焦虑。
　　
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　9．A　名词辨析。study，意思是“研究”。下文介绍的是研究的结果，所以这里的意思是：一项大学对于65个有孩子的家庭的研究发现，能复述父辈故事的孩子们易怒和焦虑的概率相对较低。design 设计；committee 委员会；staff全体员工。
　　10．B　动词辨析。retell复述。句意见上一题。provide 提供； support支持；refuse拒绝。
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　11．D　名词辨析。由句子意思可知所填词意思是：技巧，计谋(trick)。
　　12．C　动词辨析。句子意思是：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能听的方式来讲。故选C。
　　13．C　语境化选词。由后文的直接引语可知这是故事的开头，故此处选C。
专题三 │ 典例导练
　　14．A　考查固定搭配。由本句的谓语动词suit可以推断出此处选A，suit one’s needs意思是：满足某人的需要。句意为：我们讲这些故事应该满足孩子们的需要，并且注意目光接触，也没有必要告诉他们应该从故事中学到什么，(这样才会有效果)。
　　15．B　名词性从句引导词的判断。空后的“they should take from the story and what the moral is”是一个陈述性质的宾语从句，既引导宾语从句，又作谓语动词take的宾语，所以要用what。句意见上一题。
专题预测
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　When Charles Darwin was getting ready to set sail on his five year expedition on the Beagle, his father was extremely __1__. He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness.
　　George Washington’s mother was a complaining，__2__ woman by all accounts. She thought little of Washington’s achievements and didn’t __3__ at either of his presidential inaugurations(就职典礼). She was always
专题三 │ 专题预测
complaining that her __4__ overlooked her and she __5__ believed it was his duty to stay home and to take care of her.
　　Leonard Bernstein, one of the most talented composers, was continually pressured by his father to give up his __6__ and do something worthwhile. After Leonard became famous, his father said, “Well, he was just the Leonard Bernstein ！”
专题三 │ 专题预测
　People may criticize you or make fun of your ideas or actively try to __7__you. Often their efforts are only attempts to protect you from __8__. But obviously failure is only a possibility if you stop. If you keep __9__ , a “failure” is just another learning __10__. Besides, giving up on a heartfelt goal is worse than failing.
专题三 │ 专题预测
So listen __11__ to the worries and criticisms of your friends and family, and do your best to put their __12__ at ease, but then carry on. Listen last to your own heart. You __13__ yourself better than anyone on earth. Make sure your song is__14__.
　　Listen to your own heart. Don’t let your music __15__ with you.
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. excited 　　　　B．pleased
　　　　C．disappointed 　 D．scared
(　　)2.A. self centered 　 B．self confident
　　　　C．kind hearted 　 D．cold blooded
(　　)3.A. show off 　　　 B．show up
　　　　C．help out 　　　 D．pick up
(　　)4.A. parents 　　　　B．neighbors
　　　　C．students 　　　 D．children
(　　)5.A. foolishly 　　　 B．secretly
　　　　C．bravely 　　　 D．honestly
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)6.A. strength 　　　　　 B．music
　　　　C．wealth 　　　　　 D．faith
(　　)7.A. advise 　　　　　　B．suggest
　　　　C．stop 　　　　　　 D．keep
(　　)8.A. success 　　　　　　B．failure
　　　　C．target 　　　　　 D．laziness　　　　
(　　)9.A. stopping 　　　　　B．starting
　　　　C．going 　　　　　　 D．coming
(　　)10.A. method 　　　　　 B．experiment
　　　　 C．schedule D．experience
专题三 │ 专题预测
(　　)11.A. politely B．rudely
C．shallowly D．roughly
(　　)12.A. homes 　　　　　 B．minds
　　　　 C．conservation D．efforts
(　　)13.A. trust B．believe
C．know D．doubt
(　　)14.A. finished B．completed
C．written D．sung
(　　)15.A. live B．die
C．sound D．play
专题三 │ 专题预测
参考答案：
　　【文章大意】 文章通过华盛顿、达尔文等名人小时都曾被家人不遗余力试图阻止从事自己喜欢的事业，但他们依然坚持下来，最终达到了自己事业的顶峰的故事，告诉我们：我们也不能一味听从他人，而忽视自己内心的想法。因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。
　　1．C　考查形容词辨析。由下文的“he thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness.”可知父亲对他非常失望。所以选disappointed，意为：失望的。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　2．A　考查形容词辨析。该词应该和上面的“complaining(抱怨的，诉苦的)”同属于贬义词，因此应该排除B和C。从后面thought little of Washington’s achievements，以及该段的最后一句话可以看出，华盛顿的妈妈一直在左右别人，也就是说她是一个自我为中心的(self centered)人。
　　3．B　考查动词辨析。show up现身，出现。句意为：她瞧不起华盛顿的成就，也没有出席他儿子的两次总统就职大典。show off炫耀；　help out帮助摆脱困境；pick up捡起，偶然获得，(用车)接某人。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　4．D　考查名词辨析。由语境可知，这里讲的是她和孩子们的关系，所以应该选children，下文的son也有提示。
　　5．D　考查副词辨析。她是根据老人传统的观点产生的想法，所以应该选honestly，意为：诚实地，如实地。句意：她坦诚地认为，待在家里照顾她才是他的职责所在。foolishly愚笨地，无聊地； secretly 秘密地；bravely勇敢地。
　　6．B　考查名词辨析。由前文的composers(作曲家)可以看出， 他所热爱的是音乐(music)。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　7．C　考查动词辨析。该部分是对前面所举例子的议论。前面所举的几个例子都是父/母试图阻止孩子们做自己喜欢的事情，因此该空选stop，意为：阻止。
　　8．B　语境化选词。失败failure。后两都有原词复现。　　
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　9．C　考查动词辨析。很显然，这里表达的意思是：不受外界阻力的干扰，自己做自己喜欢做的事情，也就是自己的梦想，所以选go，意为：进行。此段意为：人们可能会批评你，嘲笑你的想法或者不遗余力试图阻止你。通常他们这样做只是想让你免受失败之苦。但只有当你停下来时你才可能失败，如果你继续前行，“失败”则只是又一次学习经历。而且，放弃自己内心深处的渴望要比失败更糟糕。
　　10．D　考查名词辨析。experience 经历。句意见上一题。method 方法；experiment实验；schedule时间表，计划表。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　11．A　考查副词辨析。politely 有礼貌地，客气地。上文告诉我们，家人和朋友阻止我们是担心我们失败，因此，我们既要为了自己的梦想而拼搏，又得让他们放心，所以应该有礼貌地倾听他们的担心和批评。
　　12．B　考查名词辨析。put one’s minds at ease 意为：使某人不担心，使某人放松。句意：所以要礼貌地倾听来自家人和朋友的顾虑及批评，竭尽全力让他们不为你担心，但自己一定要继续前行。
专题三 │ 专题预测
　　13．C　考查动词辨析。know知道，了解。句意：最终还是要听从自己内心的想法，因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。
　　14．D　考查动词辨析。句意：要确保唱完你心中的歌。所以选D项。
　　15．B　考查动词辨析。句意：倾听自己内心的想法，不要让心灵深处的音乐做了陪葬。
专题四│ 说明文型完形填空
专题四　说明文型完
形填空
专题导读
专题四│ 专题导读
　　说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事物说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明
专题四 │ 专题导读
对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。说明文的具体特点为：(1)开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从(共125张PPT)
专题一　记叙文
专题二 议论文
专题三 说明文
专题四 应用文
模块 5　短文写作
模块 5　短文写作
考纲解读
模块 5 │考纲解读
书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表，提纲等，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
命题特点
模块 5 │ 命题特点
　　从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看，高考书面表达表现出以下命题特点：
1．命题方式
试题设置均为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也给考生提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地，这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精炼地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解，要言之有物，言之有理，充分体现出思维的广度和深度。
模块 5 │ 命题特点
　 2．文章体裁
主要的体裁有记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文，题材多与中学生的日常生活相关，如：校外的某种生活经历，或者与校内的学习生活相关的话题。此类话题可以培养学生全面思维、客观分析、合理解决问题的能力。同时能够让学生用所学的语言和知识进行论说，来关注生活，联系实际，观察思索，有理有据地发表看法、阐述观点，在运用所学知识进行写作的同时也锻炼了自己的思维能力，用理性的思维来支配自己的行为。
模块 5 │ 命题特点
　 3．文章内容
内容上除考查“与日常生活相关的话题”外，高考书面表达也适当关注社会热点与焦点问题。这里的“热点与焦点问题”不包括：(1)太敏感的社会、政治话题，如建设社会主义新农村，反腐倡廉、社会经济发展等话题；(2)对农村学生或城市学生不熟悉的话题，以免对农村或城市学生不公平。高考书面表达常常会在城乡学生中寻找他们的共同点，话题是他们都熟悉的，而且是与中学生的日常生活相关的。
题型分类
模块 5 │ 题型分类
书面表达在题型上大致可以分为：
一、提纲型
提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记等。这类题型的主要特点是要点明确，范围具体。但考生也容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成翻译，造成语法结构和词汇上的单调，甚至写出结构不完整的句子。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
1．试题特征
提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇100词左右的短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示，这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时首先要根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示，出题人用表格的形式给出要点，写作时首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
2．注意的问题
(1)细读提示，认真审题，包括：审体裁，提纲式作文的体裁一般有书信、报道、通知、日记等；定人称；定时态。
(2)紧扣主题，组织要点。虽然提纲式写作题，“要点”似乎已经定好了，但考生仍要逐个把内容要点完整地列出来。
(3)选词造句，初步成文。在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致，时态呼应，脉络分明，合乎逻辑，内容完整的短文。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
3．写作步骤
中文提纲式书面表达是高考最常见的考查形式之一，一般都有较多的文字说明，这样就在一定程度上限制了考生的表述思路。我们可以从下面几个方面入手进行操作。
(1)仔细审题，明确要求
审读所给信息，弄清所要表达的内容，然后对所给信息进行整理，必要时可以适当调整写作顺序，以使文章行文连贯。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(2)提炼要点，写作成文
提纲式书面表达一般只给出只言片语的提示，而不是完整的表达。此时我们就必须在大脑中将各信息点补充完整，适时使用一些短语和句型以及各种从句。此时要记住，“有话好好说，有话慢慢说”，不要想着一蹴而就。我们有这样的体验，在提纲式书面表达的写作中，还没写几句，就感觉所有要点都已经表达完了。在写作中一定注意避免这样的情况，要依据提示的情景将提纲中的每个要点表达清楚，以使习作内容完整、要点齐全、内容饱满。这就要求我们在写作时将提示的内容展开叙述，用自己熟悉的英语词汇、短语和句型来表达内容，并在必要时添加一些细节，以使上下文连贯。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(3)检查核实，确保无误
在提纲式书面表达的写作中，要注意抓住提示的信息，并注意适当进行发挥。表达中要注意确定句子的时态与语态，注意句式结构的正确和变化多样，适当运用短语、并列句、复合句、介词短语和副词等，以使文章饱满。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
例　[2010·四川]
假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。
1．过去对成年的向往；
2．现在的感受和认识；
3．将来的目标及措施。
参考词汇：责任 responsibility
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
模块 5 │ 题型分类
3.发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)
Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown up.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
模块 5 │ 题型分类
【写作点拨】
第一步：确立文体：英语发言稿。
第二步：确立要点：(1)过去对成年的向往 ；(2)现在对已成年的感受和认识 ；(3)成年的我将来的目标及措施。
第三步：注意事项：写作要点齐全，要包括规定的三方面内容；注意时态的变化。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown up.”
As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown up not only means this, but also more responsibilities.
模块 5 │ 题型分类
I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.
Thank you for your listening.
模块 5 │ 题型分类
二、图画型
图画作文是高考英语书面表达最常见的命题形式之一，它要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文，叙述一件事，或者阐述这幅画中凸现的某种社会现象。这种命题形式的优点在于，它所提供的汉语提示很少或几乎没有，留给考生的发挥空间大，考生能通过这样的试题充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
1．试题特征
(1)素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(2)文体形式多样。 图画式作文有记叙文、说明文和议论文，时态要以图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时；人称一般根据画面的介绍，用第一人称或第三人称。此类作文一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或规定场景，写作时要注意画面体现的主题及各画面之间的联系。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
2．注意的问题
(1)看图记叙文的写作
看图记叙文的写作要注意把握写作素材的时间、地点、人物以及事件的叙述，有些还需要叙述从故事中要吸取的教训或受到的教育。故事的叙述可以适当采用倒叙的方式，或自己按事件的发生顺序进行描写，有时可以适当使用一些对话，但不宜过多。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(2)看图议论文的写作
看图议论文的写作，首先要认真阅读图画，把握图的意义，有时还要注意其隐含的观点和意图，并联系生活实际进行思考与阐述。议论文的写作要点是：a.观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。b.层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过度清晰自然。c.最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。d.一般采用一般现在时。e.语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(3)看图说明文的写作
对于说明文体的看图作文，要注意观察图画材料，找出所有内容，然后按一定的顺序有条理地阐述。说明文的叙述顺序一般有三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑(比如按图画反映的数字大小进行叙述)。注意文章开头与结尾的呼应。
3．写作步骤
(1)针对此类题型，考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先应确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文或说明文为主。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(2)确定人称。如果以日记，回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以讲故事的形式来写，则一般采用第三人称来写比较方便。但不管用哪种人称，全文都必须一致。
(3)确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章所要用的时态。切记全文时态的不一致性。
(4)发挥联想要合理，适度。这类文章的说明一般都要求考生做适度的联想和发挥，以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来。但联想和发挥一定要根据图画做到合情合理，不能过多地胡乱联想和发挥。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(5)虚实结合，详略得当。对于图画中的内容，该详细叙述描写的，就必须要详细，具体；可以一笔带过的就一笔带过。比如图画中所有的时间，数字或言论须一词不漏地写清楚，而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
例 　[2010·北京]
假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。
注意：
1．周记的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe.
_______________________________________________
模块 5 │ 题型分类
【写作点拨】
第一步：分析图片要素：图一：查询信息(train ticket, weather, hotel)；图二：买票(buy ticket)； 图三：准备行李(package)；图四：送行(see off)
第二步：确立基本要素：(1)文体：周记；(2)人称：I；(3)时态：一般过去时；(4)事件大意：我为爷爷奶奶准备出行以及我送行。图一、二、三都是并列关系，主题是旅游前的准备阶段，三幅图没有轻重之分，所占篇幅比例相当。图四是最后的送别阶段，文章末尾要有点睛之笔，可以是送别感受，对爷爷奶奶的祝福，也可以是自己的成长和收获。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
第三步：确立文章立意：今年的作文和90后的学生特点相联系，积极引导高中学生要培养独立性，增加实践能力，并要照顾、体谅长辈。所以文章末尾的立意也可以往这方面考虑。
【参考范文】
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.
模块 5 │ 题型分类
In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
模块 5 │ 题型分类
三、图表型
图表作文是高考书面表达较常见的考查形式之一，要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论，比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看，主要有说明文、议论文和应用文，时态一般用一般现在时。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
1．试题特征
在图表作文的写作中，考生要围绕图表并将有关信息转换为文字形式，这就要求考生具有一定的数据分析和材料归纳能力。图表式作文最大的特点就是所给出的信息集中，给人以一目了然的感觉。图表类书面表达的考查形式有两种：表格式和图形式。表格式图表书面表达就是将统计数据或被说明的事物直接以统计表的形式呈现出来。这类题目往往是介绍某种情况或辩论某种观点与看法，这样的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。图的形式主要有：
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(1)表示数据变化的曲线图。
(2)表示数据大小或数量之间差异的柱状图。
(3)表示总体结构变化的扇形图。
2．注意的问题
(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述。
(2)善于抓住总的规律、趋势，归纳增减率。
(3)时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
3．写作步骤
(1)认真阅读和掌握图表提供的信息，以及每一栏上面的小标题的标注，弄清设计者想通过图表反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图形式，要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位；对于流程图形式，要按流程顺序进行适当的逻辑想象；对柱状图和饼式图，要通过宽度相等的柱形的高度差别和各部分所占比例来判断事物的动态及发展趋势，关注坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明；对平面图形，要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，按一定的逻辑顺序，有层次地进行表述。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
(2)在掌握了全部信息的基础上，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点。此时就可以开始写作了。写作时要注意以下几点：
①开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure; describe, tell, show, represent等经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph…/As is shown in the table…/It can be seen from the table that…/It can be concluded from the graph that…/Compared with…/ According to the survey…
模块 5 │ 题型分类
②中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意，切忌反复使用同一句型，忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：
快速上升：rise, increase, go up, rocket/sharply, rapidly, quickly, dramatically
缓慢下降：decrease, reduce, come down, decline, drop, fall slowly/gradually
模块 5 │ 题型分类
描述数据的时候可以用下面这些表达或词汇：
转折：while, but, on the contrary, however
比较：compared with/to
对比：in contrast to, different from,
difference between
类似：similar to, as/the same…as
递进：more than
③结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short, generally speaking; It’s clear from the…that…， Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
模块 5 │ 题型分类
例　 [2009·福建卷]
某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现向社会征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I Want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
模块 5 │ 题型分类
注意：
1．根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯；
2．词数：120左右
I Want to Smile
________________________________________________
【写作点拨】
本文为图表式作文，做题的关键是审题，考生要把握以下几点：
第一步：基本要素：(1)文体：说明文。(2)主体时态：一般现在时。(3)主体人称：第一人称。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
第二步：内容要点：①微笑的优点；②想对其微笑的人物(父母)；③对父母微笑的理由；④对自己微笑的理由；⑤总结。
第三步：注意事项：
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取先举例，后总结或者先总结，后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
模块 5 │ 题型分类
【参考范文】
There are many advantages of smiling. It can not only make us happy, but also please others. If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return. So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible.
First, I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me up. They arrange almost everything for me. With their help, I have made great progress. I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile. Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.
In a word, let’s greet every day with a smile. Tomorrow is another day.
应试点睛
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
　 一、研读评卷细则，把握评分标准
俗话说“知己知彼，方能百战不殆”。要想写出一篇优秀的作文，首先必须要明白的一个问题就是：什么样的作文才是优秀的？这个问题就涉及评分细则了。高考英语书面表达部分的评分细则表面上看比较详细，实际上具有相当大的灵活性。在各个档次里都有一些有弹性的语言，而对于这些有弹性的语言的理解，评卷者只能是把它作为一个总的原则，即在给考生的作品定档时作参考，至于考生的作品到底能得多少分，就要依照具体的情况而定了。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
因此，把握评分标准尤其是高分书面表达的评分标准是十分必要的。笔者认为，对高考书面表达的评分细则可以从以下几个方面来理解：
1．信息的量。即所要求的要点都在所写的作品之中。
2．信息的质。包括：句式的正确；用词的得当；语法无误。
3．行文连贯。包括：布局合理；层次清楚；细节严谨；衔接自然。
4．句式丰富。包括：对一些高档的表达方式的运用(如被动句、倒装句、强调句、非谓语动词和一些从句)。
5．书写规范。包括：卷面整洁，大小写、标点运用正确。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
在这五点中，最为看重的是句子的结构，因为它是保证读者能顺利读完作者作品的最重要保证。在评价一名考生的表达写得如何如何差时，评卷者最爱表明的理由是“没有一两个正确的句子”，这足以表明他们对于句子的重视。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
二、 全面夯实基础，积淀写作能力
1．加强阅读，积累词句。词汇是阅读的前提，阅读是写作的基础。在阅读方面的工夫越深，驾驭语言文字的能力就越强。所以，要写好英语先要读好英语。学生最佳的阅读素材就是教材。教材中的阅读材料都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范。此外，对于近几年高考中出现的优秀作文范文也要认真记诵，尤其是要记住里面的好
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
词好句。在读的过程中要多留心，无论是带题阅读还是非带题阅读，不能只是满足对语篇的理解，要有效利用这些材料，尤其是对那些用法较多的词汇和一些结构丰富的动词、复现率比较高的名词、形容词和副词的用法给予更多的关注，这样才能真正谙熟词的用法及用词习惯，在写作中方能得心应手，游刃有余。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
2．加强运用，实践语法。写好书面表达除了拥有丰富的词汇量外，还要有扎实的语法基本功。语法虽然有许多死板的条条框框，但决不能光靠死记硬背，而应加强运用。语法大家张道真先生说过，语法体现在词汇中，而词汇又受语法的制约，语法好比是骨架，而词汇好比是血肉，两者是枝与叶的关系，要形成有机的肌体和茂盛的枝叶，必须把两者结合在一起。使之相互依托，相互补充。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
总之，在写作备考中应该重点加强学生基础知识的训练。学生在有了大量的语言输入的情况下，才有可能创造性地运用语法规则，最后通过语法能力的提高来促进写作能力的提高。
三、 重视语篇衔接，提高思维蝶变
一篇好的书面表达，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的书面表达出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间具有连贯性和整体性。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
有不少的同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：first, in the first place, second…； 表并列/递进： too, also，as well as, in addition, furthermore; 表举例：for example, for instance；表总结：as a result, in summary, in short等。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
每年高考书面表达的参考范文所使用的连接手段也较为简单，有些考生的书面表达实际上已经超过了参考范文的水平。只要我们平时注意养成良好的逻辑思维和表达习惯，再掌握一些常用连接词或短语，考场作文就能得心应手。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
四、掌握写作技巧，高分书面表达
“书面表达”是考查考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，根据其一般规律，它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料，做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求，文理通顺。它既像作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥，因而有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时，要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。具体从以下四个方面去考虑、着手：
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
1．读题，明确要求，做好必要的准备工作。高考的书面表达，题材较多，有给文字背景材料的，有看图作文的，还有两者皆而有之的。对于文字背景材料，考生要仔细阅读，看懂题目要求，并对材料进行必要的删减。文字材料中有的是有用信息，有的是无用信息。不进行必要的删减，则会使写出来的书面表达轻者增加了错误的可能性，重者文不对题，逻辑不清。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
2．组织，进行必要的语言准备。读题工作结束后，考生要就提供的信息或画面进行语言上的组织。这一环节非常重要，对“书面表达”的流畅和符合逻辑举足轻重。读题的核心工作是作必要的删减，组织的主要工作是作适当的补充，给框架补“血”补“肉”，使所要写出来的文章意思连贯，语言畅通，逻辑严密。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
3．转换，进入实质性的语言加工阶段。要做好这一阶段的工作，关键是掌握几条原则：多用简单句，少用复合句；多用短句，少用长句；讲究简明扼要，摒弃烦琐复杂，意思混浊不清。这一阶段是决定得分高低的关键所在。因此，除了掌握以上重要的原则外，还应在具体操作中注意选择正确的主语人称和动词的时态，多用贴切的固定短语，尽量使用自己“拿手”的句子，经常留意句子的语法是否符合要求。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
从更高要求来说，用英语思维并一气呵成地完成书面表达是最佳方法，这是上上策。但对于大多数英语水平尚未达到这一步的考生来说，转换过程中进行有效的控制是非常必要的。只有进行这样的控制，才能有效地控制错误的发生，才能少扣分，多得分。
4．检查，“书面表达”的最后一道工序。最后一道工序意味着一旦稍有疏忽，很难再有弥补，也就无法挽回。因此，仔细认真地检查对于最终的得分是十分重要的。在检查过程中应注意以下几个方面：
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
(1)信息点是否完整，有没有遗漏。根据评分标准，漏信息点扣2～3分。要细致小心，一一检查，确保无一遗漏。
(2)语法正确。语法包括两个方面，一是词法，二是句法。词法方面主要检查时态、语态、主谓一致、冠词、名词单复数和词语搭配等。句法方面主要检查是否使用一些熟悉句型，特别是尽力使用简单句这一原则贯彻得如何。
模块 5 │ 应试点睛
总之，要做好“书面表达”是一件并非容易的事情，它需要平时的积累，需要考生在平时的英语学习中加强训练，以求水到渠成之功。当然，考前的归纳和总结也十分重要，因为它往往起着事半功倍的效果。
专题一　记叙文
专题 一 │记叙文
专题导读
专题 一 │专题导读
英语记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据提示中提供的情景，组织语言材料。要想高分完卷，必须注意以下：
1．作文前要根据要求或暗示确定好用什么人称。一般来说，英语记叙文要以“第一人称(I /we)和第三人称(he/she/it/they)”展开叙述。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行叙述；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，要根据具体情况合理选用。时态和要点，要就事论事，不要画蛇添足，节外生枝。
专题 一 │专题导读
2．交代清楚记叙文写作的六要素：人物(who/whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事由(what)、原因(why)。注意从具体的材料中提炼中心，并根据中心思想选择材料，合理安排情节，注意写作的顺序以及记叙的详略。
3．注意选择合适的时态和叙述的方法。记叙文一般是叙述已经发生过的事情，因此其基本时态应该是一般过去时。其记叙的顺序包括：
专题 一 │专题导读
(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序展开。常用的话语标志有：afterwards, at the same time，first，then，next，finally，soon，immediately，following等。
(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序。
(3)以事件的发展为线索，或以人物的出现先后展开。
4．叙述事情时，要注意主题鲜明突出，清楚具体，内容感人深刻。写人时，要抓住典型事例、典型行动和表现。对中心事件和最能表现中心思想的地方，要详细叙述；次要的东西，就少写或不写。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2009·浙江]
5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100—120个词的新闻报道。
1．时间、地点、任务、活动；
2．老人们的反应；
3．简短评论。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计词数)。
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper
专题 一 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly
On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
By Chen Jie, School Newspaper.
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数100左右。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day
vacation.…________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
A Low carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation. In the morning, we went to parks by bus instead of going by car. At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable chopsticks served there. Instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair of chopsticks and a spoon. In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
To avoid the damage the free plastic bags caused to the environment, we put what we had bought into cloth bags. It was hot at night. We didn’t turn on the air conditioners. We used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
Although the activity lasted only one day, we have learned a lot from it. We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us. In this way, we are sure to live in a better world.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
假设你叫李明。2010年4月14日，我国青海玉树自治州发生强烈地震，造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失。你校组织赈灾活动，希望每人献出一份爱心，捐献一件学习用品。假如你捐献了一副心爱的圆规(或书包、铅笔盒、图书等)，请根据下列提示写一封信给这位不知名的灾区同学。
1．了解灾区情况，表示同情；
2．你珍爱这件学习用品的原因；
3．鼓励灾区同学重建家园并提出自己的建议。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数：100左右； (信的开头已给出，不计入总词数)
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息；
4．生词提示：一副圆规： a pair of compasses；玉树自治州：the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu。
Dear friend，
_________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear friend，
When we learned over the radio and in the newspapers that the Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu was struck by a terrible earthquake on April 14th,2010, making more than 2,000 people killed and even more injured. We became very worried. It is said that many houses were ruined, so you can’t have your classes as usual. I wonder if things have improved by now.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
I’d like to send you a pair of compasses, which were a present given to me by my sister on my last birthday. I hope it will be of some help to your study.
As for yourself, don’t lose heart and do be strong minded when facing the great difficulties for the people all over the country are standing by you. And please keep in touch with me and I will try my best to help you. In addition, the government is trying to help the people in the disaster hit areas rebuild their homes. I believe the day will soon come when you overcome all the difficulties and live a new life.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Hoping to get your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Ming
专题二　议论文
专题 二 │ 议论文
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
议论文是高考英语试卷中最常考查的文体之一。一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。写作方法主要是三段式作文法。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
所谓三段式作文法，就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式布局谋篇，即开头、正文、结尾。三段式写作模式思路清晰，结构分明，是考生提高自己的作文档次的最佳选择。
(1)第一段开门见山直奔主题，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者交代清时间、地点、人物、干什么。
(2)第二段摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚，过渡要自然，也就是评分细则所要求的，“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到预期的写作目的”。 为了迅速把握句与句、段与段的连接方式，很有必要熟记表示各种逻辑意义的过渡词语。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
(3)最后一段，得出结论。可以有三种方式：
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖北]
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．无须写标题；
2．内容只需涉及一个方面；
3．词数为100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive
/fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted. Sometimes when a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
It is safe/ no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we should smile as much as possible.
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
人们在生活中面临各种各样的挑战，请说一说人们为什么喜欢挑战和有哪些新的挑战有待人们探索。
注意：1.适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整；
2．词数100左右(不包括文章的开头)。
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.
________________________________________________________________________
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields. There are not only physical challenges, but also social and intellectual challenges. Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do. Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. Whatever they are, people enjoy challenges.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Why do people enjoy these challenges There are probably many reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, or achievement. And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases that still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
一个好的学生应该具有许多优秀品质，你认为哪个或哪两个是最重要的呢？为什么？请分析原因，并结合自己的生活实际，写下你的感悟。
要求：
1．词数：100左右；
2．题目自拟；
3．文中不出现真实的学生姓名。
注意：
1．文章连贯，条理清楚，详略得当；
2．分析原因，结合实际，写出真情实感。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Being passionate, honest and hard working, a good student is always listening and learning. Personally speaking, I strongly believe that honesty is of utmost importance among dozens of good qualities.
There is a proverb that goes “Honesty is the best policy”， and it seems as true as it was when first coined. The most important element in human relationships, whether business or personal, is trust.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Here is one of my secrets. I once lied to my parents because of my poor scores. Having known the real fact from teachers, they praised and encouraged me, showing their deep love. Later days, my conscience swallowed me, growing as I told lie after lie in an effort to conceal my original deceit. I gave it up, and chose to be frank. Wow! It is better to stick to the truth!
专题 二 │ 专题预测
From then on, I have kept the following in my minds: If it is not true, don’t say it. If it is not right, don’t do it. Honesty is not only the best policy, but also a principle, which is absolutely essential for the good and happy living of life.
专题三　说明文
专题 三 │ 说明文
专题导读
专题 三 │ 专题导读
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查，一般分为：场所路线介绍，事物介绍，方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。在写作时要求语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。写作时要注意：
专题 三 │ 专题导读
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取先举例，后总结或者先总结，后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
(3)这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2009·江苏]
鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit texts, browse
专题 三 │ 真题再现
web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(一)
请你根据下面一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。
注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。(词数为100左右)
层层宝库找开来，黑宝纵横一排排。
能记诸般悠悠事，不分古今和中外。
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened or will happen in the past years and in the future.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone said, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！”
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(二)
假如你是王文，住在银川。你的英国笔友Jack来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡银川的情况，请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．回信中不能使用“银川” 以外的地名；
2．词数100左右，信的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇： 经济 economy
Dear Jack,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Yinchuan.
________________________________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Jack，
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Yinchuan.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
The city stands on the bank of the Huanghe River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
In my opinion, Yinchuan should develop its economy scientifically; I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours，
Wang Wen
专题四　应用文
专题 四 │ 应用文
专题导读
专题 四 │ 专题导读
应用文是高考英语书面表达最常见的一种体裁。它接近考生的生活实际，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常以解说事物为主，要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚，使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等，其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多，主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。
专题 四 │ 专题导读
目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式，不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋，因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：
1．力求语言平实、简洁、准确，突出实用性，句子不宜过长，这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息，如：时间、地点、参加人、理由、或者是活动内容等。
2．根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态，如日记一般用过去时，通知用一般现在时和将来时等。
真题再现
专题 四 │ 真题再现
[2010·全国Ⅰ]
假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委，请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
注意：词数100左右。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
Dear Ms. Smith，
___________________________________________
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题 四 │ 真题再现
One possible version：
Dear Ms. Smith，
I’m Li Hua, a chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.It will start at 2∶00 pm in Room 501 and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 4487665 if you have any questions.
专题 四 │ 真题再现
I am looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes，
Li Hua
专题预测
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你将要参加全校高中生英语演讲比赛，请你针对不少中学生都有自己的网上博客这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。
演讲稿的主要内容应包括：
1．人们的看法：提供了一个展示自己才华的平台；但是浪费时间、影响学习；
2．你的意见……
专题 四 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet.
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
专题 四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet. Someone says this is a double edged sword. On one hand，it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent and a way to release their pressure. But on the other hand，it will take them a lot of time and energy to manage their blogs and it is a waste of time and will greatly affect their schoolwork.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
In my opinion, I think it is a good thing. Nowadays the Internet is playing an important role in our life, so we can’t ignore its influence. More importantly, opening and organizing an eye catching blog needs various abilities such as writing, being skillful at computer and so on.
Blog itself is of little harm. It is your attitude towards it that matters. We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.
Thank you!
专题 四 │ 专题预测
(二)
Jenny是一个刚刚毕业的大学生，面对找工作难的问题，她对自己的现状进行了客观分析，发现自己很刻苦，能持之以恒；但所学物理专业不是太实用，而且自己性格太内向。假如你是知心朋友栏目的编辑，针对Jenny的情况给她回信，帮助她改变自己的现状。信的开头和结尾已经给出。词数100左右。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Yours Sincerely
专题 四 │ 专题预测
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
First of all, you should be optimistic about your future. As you can see, you are diligent and persistent, which will help you to stay dedicated to what you are pursuing. So, please spend sometime in figuring out what you want to be and then prepare yourself in that direction.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Secondly, try to seize chances to take part in some activities which will help to make you more open. You know, when you cooperate with other people more, you will not be so shy and the group work will help you be more confident.
Thirdly, do not think what you have learned in physics is not practical or useless because it may have enabled you a way of thinking. You know, physics is abstract. And you will somehow have learned how to generalize from the facts and see what is behind.
专题 四 │ 专题预测
Nothing is difficult so long as you put your heart in it. Hopefully my advice will be of help. Good luck to you!
Yours Sincerely(共220张PPT)
　　专题一 记叙文型读写任务
　　专题二 说明文型读写任务
　　专题三 夹叙夹议型读写任务
　　专题四 议论文型读写任务
　　
模块6　读写任务
模块 6　阅读理解
考纲解读
模块6│ 考纲解读
　　读写任务是广东省英语高考的新题型，它要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成两项任务：使用约30个词概括要点；使用约120个词写一篇符合要求的短文。
模块6│ 考纲解读
　　这一题型旨在考查学生“用英语获取、处理信息，传达信息的能力，分析问题、解决问题的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力”，即“综合语言运用能力”，体现了新课程标准改革在广东考试改革中的力度。
模块6│ 考纲解读
模块6│ 考纲解读
模块6│ 考纲解读
命题分析
模块6│ 命题分析
　　广东高考英语读写任务命题的主体部分不外乎两种体裁，一是议论文，二是夹叙夹议的文章。
这样的命题，不但着重关注了考生的思维能力，更关注语篇的思维深度，关注现在中学生的认知能力。高中学生已走进成人阶段，具备了一定的知识储备和社会经验，认知能力已经达到了
模块6│ 命题分析
相对较高的水平。体现了新课标“以人为本”，“为学生的终生发展奠定基础”的精神，关注测试内容与社会进步、学生经验的联系，既体现了科学和人文素养，也发掘了素质教育的因素，对学生有很好的教育意义。
以下是广东省最近三年高考自主命题读写任务部分的特点及对照表：
模块6│ 命题分析
应试点睛
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　2011年考生需要在素材上有所准备。脑海中至少积累了两到三个自己或他人的、具有真情实感且表达准确无误的记叙小段落，如描写助人为乐的、描写亲情可贵的、描写诚实真挚的，或描写坏人坏事的记叙小段落。积累了这些素材以后，在考场中可以灵活运用。
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　
读写任务在广东高考英语试卷中占据很大比重，而又是主观化评判很高的部分。因此，考生应该努力通过作文亮点的创设，给阅卷老师创造良好的心理感受和主观印象。
关注“闪光”亮点，做好衔接，用好词汇与短语
模块6│ 应试点睛
1．合理使用非谓语动词、定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、强调句、倒装句、含有with复合结构的句子以及it开头的句型。这些句型出现在文章各段首，让文章锦上添花。很多中学英语中的语法现象可以在保证正确性的情况下大胆尝试。例如：
It is wildly believed/thought/accepted that knowledge is power.
Only in this way/by doing that can we do/will something happen…
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　2．适当用被动代替主动，这样能更客观地反映事实。例如，用“Attention should be paid to…”来结尾会比“We should pay attention to…”更好。
3．在正反阐释文中有一句话重复率非常高：“Some people think…while others think…”，这种表达很容易让你的作文在众多的考卷中跳出来，夺人眼球。
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　4．能用短语不用单词，短语的使用也是彰显写作功力的一种极佳方法。它的优势：a.增加文章亮点；b.改变自己写文章总是寥寥数语凑不够字数的痛苦记忆，使自己的自信心和自尊心获得满足。例如，用“Your words are not enough to bear out your innocence.”来代替“Your words are not enough to prove your innocence.”会更好一些。
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　5．多用词义具体的实词，少用虚词，也是一个制造亮点的好方法。例如，表示一个人“好”可以使用generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm hearted, hospitable等具体化的词汇等。
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　6．在议论文写作中，适当运用谚语，也是给文章增色的手段之一。例如：
As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.”
As is known to all, “No pains, no gains.”
模块6│ 应试点睛
　　三、知己知彼，减少失误
　　有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：
　　1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
　　新课程对概括部分的要求
新课程标准的三个关键词是问题、信息、表达。以问题为中心， 输入信息， 表达思想。这个思想折射到读写任务的题目设置上， 文章阅读是输入信息， 写作的题目是我们要解决的问题， 表达就是我们写出来的文章。阅读过后写出来， 考查我们处理信息的能力。　　
　探究点一　　读写任务的概括性
模块6│ 题型探究
　　概括部分的写作要求和步骤
概括包括两个部分：主题句和支撑句， 前者统摄后者；主题句是关键。
1．概括的形式：主题句＋支撑句
模块6│ 题型探究
2.概括的标准：抛弃次要， 瞄准写作目的
好的概括具有这么一些特点：主题句统摄， 逻辑性强， 信息浓度高， 意义抽象程度高等等。读写任务的阅读材料有多种文体， 包括记叙文、议论文和说明文。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　例 　记叙文的概括
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The Best Gift
Della and Jim broke away from their families to get married. Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building. They were now digesting the hardship of
模块6│ 题型探究
life. The only joy was their sweet love for each other. The handsome husband had to be burdened with a family though he was young. The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved. Christmas wascoming. They were thinking of a good gift for each other. Della wore a waterfall of black hair,
模块6│ 题型探究
but her comb was broken. Jim had a gold watch with an old chain, which was passed from his old grandfather. The big day finally came. On arriving home, Jim was surprised to find Della’s long hair cut short. But Della was also surprised to find Jim’s gold watch gone.
模块6│ 题型探究
She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him! He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her!
The gifts were now useless. But in fact they got the best gift.
模块6│ 题型探究
以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。
我们首先分析一下学生的样本， 看看存在什么问题， 如何改进。
【样本1】
This passage tells us a story about a couple. They sold the most valuable thing for themselves to buy a gift for each other. Even though the gifts were (became) useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.
模块6│ 题型探究
【样本2】
This story tells us that a husband Jim and a wife Della love each other. On Christmas, they send the best gift to each other, but each loses the dear thing. The gifts are useless.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　
　　【评论点拨】
两个样本都表达了一些关键的词语(Della, Jim, love, gift等), 但是从“主题句统摄支撑句”的要求来看， 与记叙文的文体目的配合不够完美。记叙文要讲求故事的“教化”意义， 它的背后隐藏着“这个故事教育我们什么”的目的， 即是“故事情节＋主题”的深层结构。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　
　　　我们写概括的时候， 主题句最好瞄准故事的深层写作目的， 然后支撑句写故事的大意。样本1的主题句没有样本2好。样本1比较空洞， 读者看不出故事的主题， 且有不少的语法错误；样本2没有点明礼物，说到了两个人之间的“love”。 但是样本1后面的支撑句Even though the gifts were (became) useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.说明了故事的情节和目的， 又比样本2好。因此， 两个样本差不多， 可以评3～4分(满分5分)。
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
　　记叙文的叙事结构在于多个“进展＋评议”推进故事的情节发展。除了这个以外， 表达的繁与简也是一个非常重要的问题。这里的繁与简有两重意思：第一是内容描写的繁与简， 就是文字的多少；第二是句子结构的繁与简， 就是句子结构的复杂程度。
　探究点二 记叙文表达的繁与简
模块6│ 题型探究
繁与简都是必要的写作手法， 它们的运用取决于写作的目的。写作时， 句子结构的繁与简取决于两个因素：第一是同学们自己的语言水平， 语言水平比较低的时候， 复杂的句子往往意思表达不够清晰， 我们建议用简单的句子结构提高语法的准确率；第二是写作目的， 在某种程度上它要求复杂或者简单的句子结构与之对应。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　1．意思清晰是大前提
我们首先要清楚一个概念：使用复杂结构和“大词”并不等于语言“高级”， 与语言环境相互配合的语言结构和词语才是真正的高级。例如，凯撒大帝征服高卢时说：
I came. I saw. I conquered.
模块6│ 题型探究
句子简短有力， 决心坚定。英国首相丘吉尔也说， 短词比大词更加有表现力， 大词小用是很可笑的， 例如，Tom is a 5 year old wise and sagacious boy.
试问， 一个5岁大的小孩怎么能够像圣人那样“睿智”(sagacious)呢？
如果， 我们盲目地使用复杂结构， 不一定就有好的效果， 结构复杂度把握不好， 会损害意思的清晰度。例如， 下面这段话含有76个单词， 6个从句到底是什么意思？
模块6│ 题型探究
　　In my opinion, I will say that we here in China today in the beginning of the 21st century often place a high value on the successful achievement of an education on the college level and it seems to me that the reason why we believe this is that college is the place where a young man or woman is first helped to begin to grasp and understand what the true meaning of life really is.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　倒不如我们简单地说成：
The Chinese people now value college education because it helps a student to understand the meaning of life.
所以， 句子复杂程度要服务于意思的清晰度。
模块３│ 题型探究
　　2．句子结构复杂度服务于写作目的
下面的文章用简单句比较多， 20个句子中只有3个复合句， 复杂度为15%。如果把其中两段改为复合句， 比较如下：
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【样本1】 简单句多
I will never forget that special day I spent with my mother. Mother could only wear soft shoes after the operation. But her old ones were worn out. It was Mother’s Day. I bought my mother a pair of sport shoes with the money saved.
模块6│ 题型探究
“Mum, I am back.” But I received no answer. It was quite unusual. I stepped into mother’s room, only to find her in bed. She was finally ill with heavy work, unable to hear me in her sweet dream…
模块6│ 题型探究
　　I put aside the box and tiptoed into the kitchen. After some time, I put a hot porridge beside her bed. Mother’s gray hair spread on the pillow and shone in the sunshine from the window. I began to comb her hair. I felt sour in my throat. Suddenly mother woke up and found what I was doing.
…
精心雕琢的简单句更符合叙述的过程， 周围的句子都是简单句， 形成一致的干脆叙事风格。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【样本2】复合句多
But after I received no answer, which was quite unusual, I stepped into mother’s room, only to find her in bed, who was finally ill with heavy work, unable to hear me in her sweet dream…
模块6│ 题型探究
　　Putting aside the box, I tiptoed into the kitchen, from which I took a hot porridge beside her bed after some time. Mother’s gray hair spread on the pillow and shone in the sunshine from the window. When I was combing her hair, I felt sour in my throat. As soon as mother woke up, she at once found what I was doing.
…
句子复杂了， 但是干脆利落的叙事风格却消失了。所以句子结构受制于语境， 语境就是周围的句子。
模块6│ 题型探究
夹叙夹议的写作谁都会写， 但是要写好却不容易。文章内容要素包括who, what, when, where, how的五个原则。文章要素包括：时间、地点、人物、事件(开头、发展、高潮、结束)。如果我们对叙事的结构进行分析， 可以发现夹叙夹议写作的具体叙述过程是：点题(abstract), 指向(orientation), 进展 (action), 评议(evaluation), 结果(result)和回应(coda)。为了解决以上的问题， 下面向同学们介绍一种夹叙夹议的创作方法：具体的叙述过程可以体现在下面的“武松打虎”的故事里。
　探究点三　　夹叙夹议的写作
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【欣赏评论】
从上述故事来看， 采用的是第三人称Wu Song。作者没有出场， 是隐藏的， 不出现在文章中， 但是他(她)更像一位无所不知的旁观者， 等待适当的时机向读者“抛售”他(她)隐藏的情感与价值观念(例如，What a great hero Wu was.强烈暗示了对武松的褒扬， 读者的情感不自觉地被引导到某个目标), 这些隐藏的情感与价值观念就是写作的动机， 也就是写作目的。
模块6│ 题型探究
议论文的写作目的是企图劝说读者接受作者的观点或者立场。因此， 文章必须具有很强的说服力。雄辩的逻辑和例子都可以增强说服力。那么， 议论文的内容必须是精心挑选的， 必须是能够说明问题的， 必须是在论点的统领之下的。
　探究点四　　议论文的写作方法
模块6│ 题型探究
议论文有不同的形式， 例如概念讨论型、观点对立型、观点论证型、现象讨论型、问题解决型等。
无论议论文是什么形式， 它必须具有论点、论据和论证。论点是作者试图让读者接受的观点。论据是用以证明论点成立的证据。论证是论据证明论点的过程， 包括材料的选择、安排、详略、比例、逻辑关系的发展等。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　例 　
[写作内容](阅读材料略)
1．概括短文的内容要点， 该部分的词数大约30；
2．就“好学生的标准”这个主题发表你的看法， 至少包括以下的内容要点， 该部分的词数大约120：
(1)叙述你班上一位好学生(假设叫John)如何度过一天的学习；
(2)你认为好学生应该具有什么素质？
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【评论点拨】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章， 第一个问题“叙述你班上一位好学生(假设叫John)如何度过一天的学习”，是记叙文体；第二个问题“你认为好学生应该具有什么素质？”是说明议论文体。 “记叙＋说明议论”是这篇文章的文体总特征。
模块6│ 题型探究
同时， 题目要求按照“好学生的标准”这个主题发表你的看法， 这篇文章的主要特征是下定义， 挖掘“好学生”的内涵。我们确定文章的比例是要体现这一特征。分析如下：
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
现在， 我们来看看学生样本：
【样本】
What Is a Good Student
①Students have different opinions on a good student. ②Nowadays, some students consider entering a good university is the destination of study. ③Others think developing personal interests and rewarding specialties are important.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　④John is one of the best students in my class. ⑤He comes_to_school_so_early that he can ask his classmate what he doesn’t know. ⑥When he is having a class, he concentrated_on it, and find the problem to_ask_teacher after class. ⑦When he is in school, he never_wastes_time to do others. ⑧He do the same every day.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　⑨In my opinion, I think a good student would have such good characters. ⑩First, he should have a good_study_habit. Second, he should set_a_good_goal to make it come true, because good setting is the strongest force for human motivation. Third, he should not_waste_time to do others, but use it fully and effectively. Fourth, he should have many_moralities. With them, students can use_his_knowledge_in_a_correct_way.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【评论点拨】
本文使用5∶5的比例回答文章的两个问题。回答第一个问题使用一般现在时， 说明John每天的学习状态， 画线部分能够抓住最为重要的事件来写， 比较典型。回答第二个问题使用并列式， 画线部分能够扣紧“好学生”的标准， 但是信息分类比较凌乱。我们建议按照语言的经济原则修改， 第一个问题表达要更加地道；第二个问题按照德、智、体的标准进行分类， 使信息更加清晰。
模块6│ 题型探究
下面是对文章的修改：
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【参考范文】
The Qualities of a Good Student
This text discussed the different standards of a good student. The judgment changes from being good at school subjects in the past to entering a good university at present. However, now many prefer to develop personal interests and specialties.
模块6│ 题型探究
John is taken as an ideal good student in my class. He gets up early to work hard at math problems. He arrives at school earliest to read English and review vocabularies. He listens critically and takes notes selectively. After lunch and supper at school, he does homework and reviews lessons. The time before bed is for reading. But he has no time for sports and is weak and often ill.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　In my opinion, John is not yet a completely “good student”. My ideas for a good student are as follows.
First, a good student should know how to learn. He should enjoy learning to find pleasure. The final aim of learning is not to remember facts but to use them to create.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　Second, he should know how to build up a good body. A wise head on a weak shoulder cannot work under high pressure in modern society.
Third, he must have a healthy and balanced mind. With a good personality, he can stand the test of success and failure, and survive an easy or a difficult personal relationship.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　说明与议论都是非常重要的写作方法， 但是说明文与议论文还是有比较大的差异。它们有相似的地方， 例如，都有说理的部分， 但角度不尽相同。
　探究点五　　说明文与议论文的组合
模块6│ 题型探究
模块6│ 题型探究
说明文与议论文组合属于跨文体， 难度主要在于审题， 我们从题目的问题中比较难断定使用哪种文体。
例 　
[写作内容] (阅读材料略)
你要参加一场英语演讲比赛， 主题是“知识就是力量吗？”。 在参赛之前， 你要查阅相关资料， 并准备你的演讲发言。
模块6│ 题型探究
1．概括短文的内容要点， 该部分的词数大约30；
2．就“知识就是力量吗”这个主题发表你的看法， 至少包括以下的内容要点， 该部分的词数大约120：
(1) 你身边的人怎样看待知识的地位？
(2) 用你的经历说明知识的重要性。
(3) 你同意“知识就是力量”这一说法吗？
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【评论点拨】
1．对文体的分析
(1) “你身边的人怎样看待知识的地位？”，身边的人怎么想并不是我们主观判断的， 我们作者的责任只不过是客观地描述现存的状态。
(2) “用你的经历说明知识的重要性”。
(3) 你同意“知识就是力量”这一说法吗？
模块6│ 题型探究
2．文体的组合
现在我们知道文章的三个问题在文体上的推进是“说明——说明——议论”。
3．对比例关系的分析
文章的比例就像是人的身材， 高低长短直接影响着审美。文章的组合是说明——说明——议论， 最为保险的比例是1∶1∶1。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【样本1】
My friends and relatives think highly of knowledge. In their opinion, first, knowledge can make them be a smart person. Second, knowledge is a sign of a high quality person. Third, the use of knowledge can help them make money.
【评论点拨】
主题句简明到位，论据排列清晰，语言表达比较准确， 内容相对薄弱。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【样本2】
Among my friends, there are some attitudes towards knowledge. Some think knowledge is nothing but a pile of principles, theories and even some boring and exhausting words; many_people_with_rich_knowledge_cannot_be_paid_off_be_their_social_status. Some consider knowledge very important, because with useful knowledge they can get a good job or earn much money.
模块6│ 题型探究
　Other_great_men_without_much_knowledge_and_many_in_lower class_with_great_knowledge_think_it_is_so so. They have seen many.
【评论点拨】
主题句有统摄作用，三个观点的分述，逻辑上有交叉的地方，内容比较丰富，但词不达意的地方也多，例如画线的地方。
模块6│ 题型探究
　　【参考范文】
①The Power Is the Ability to Use Knowledge
②People around me think highly of knowledge. ③Teachers think students are the future masters of the nation who should learn enough knowledge. ③Parents believe knowledge can help their children get rid of ignorance and poverty. ④Knowledge is useful to both our nation and our family.
模块6│ 题型探究
　　⑤My personal experience has taught me the importance of knowledge. ⑥My uncle raised many chickens on his farm. I helped him with his farm work last summer vacation. Unluckily, when uncle was out on business, the chickens were struck with terrible illness. Because I lacked of knowledge in chicken raising, most chickens died before uncle returned. ⑦Knowledge is power, but we need more than
模块6│ 题型探究
knowledge itself. ⑧We also badly need the ability to use knowledge in a meaningful way. ⑨Guns can be used to defend or to kill. Knowledge about gun might not necessarily bring us good. ⑩Only when we use knowledge correctly can knowledge become powerful in a real sense.
模块6│ 题型探究
运用你的写作知识评价一下这篇参考范文。
模块6│ 题型探究
专题一 记叙文型
读写任务　　　
专题一│ 记叙文型读写任务
　专题导读
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　叙事类文章的内容包括“主题、情节和主旨”三个方面，其中“情节”是主要部分，“主题”和“主旨”有时藏于“情节”之中。但在写摘要时，不能仅仅描写“情节”，必要时要点出“主题”和“主旨”。
专题一 │ 专题导读
写作步骤与技巧：
1．了解大意
做题目前， 要浏览短文，了解大意。如通过浏览标题、首段及各段首句等。
2．找关键词
找关键词就是找记叙文的六个要素。一般说来，任何事情或事件(what)都会有时间(when)、地点(where)、可能涉及到的人物(who)、原因(why)、经过(how)、结果(result)。在阅读时将关键词划出来。
专题一 │ 专题导读
　　3．组词成句
依照原文内容，将上述关键词扩展成完整的句子。
4．连句成篇
根据事情发生的顺序，用适当的连接性词语，将上述体现文章要点的句子连接起来，成为一篇较为通顺的短文。
　典例导练
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
My Mother’s Hands
The 6 year old kid watched in silence as the man behind the desk, the headmaster of the school, shook his head more than once to his mother.
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　Minutes later, mother and son walked slowly out of the school, her fight hand holding his little hand, her left holding an umbrella to shield both of them from sun. “Where are we going now, mother？” asked the kid, looking up at her. “To another school，”was her gentle reply. For some
专题一 │ 典例导练
reason, the little kid had not been accepted by the school, and she was taking him to another, to try to get him registered. That was more than 50 years ago. That woman was my mother；that little kid was me.
专题一 │ 典例导练
　　50 years later, the day after my mother had slipped into a coma from a stroke, I sat next to her, holding her hand, stroking it, watching her body heaved up and down as she breathed heavily, like she was struggling with something. Her eyes were closed, and her mouth was open. I whispered softly to her, “Mum, it’s okay. You have given us everything. You can let go now. No need to struggle anymore, Mum. ”
专题一 │ 典例导练
　 A few days later, Mum died. At her bedside, I spent some time just looking at my mother, soaking in the finality of her death. There she was, my mother, motionless and lifeless. I took hold of her still warm but lifeless hand, holding it for the last time, recalling every piece of precious moment we spent together…
专题一 │ 典例导练
I finally let go of her hand—lifeless, yet having given so much life to so many of us—and placed it next to her body. I found myself saying silently to her the only words that came to my mind, “Goodbye, Mum, thank you for everything.”
专题一 │ 典例导练
Thank you, mother, for not giving up, so that I could go to school.Thank you for coaching me, for reading to me, for ironing my school uniforms, for combing my hair, for tying my shoe laces, for making sure I had a little handkerchief inside my pocket…
Rest in peace, mother, you are still very much alive in us. Happy Mother’s Day.
专题一 │ 典例导练
【写作内容】
有人说， 因为上帝不能无处不在， 所以他创造了“母亲”。你的母亲是一位怎样的女性？请以“母亲”为主题写一篇记叙文， 结合自身的经历讲述母亲对你的爱或者她对你成长的影响。内容要点包括：
1．以约30个词概括以上短文内容。
专题一 │ 典例导练
2．然后以约120个词讲述母亲对你的爱或者她对你成长的影响， 并包括以下要点：
(1)描述你的母亲。
(2)简述她对你的影响。
(3)你准备怎样表达对她的感激之情？
专题一 │ 典例导练
【写作要求】
1．在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容， 但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确， 语言规范， 内容合适， 篇章连贯。
专题一 │ 典例导练
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专题一 │ 典例导练
　　【参考范文】
The writer expresses his gratitude for his mother’s dedication and endless effort in raising him. In his memory, it is her hand that leads him through various moments in his life.
The passage reminds me of my mother, from whom I learn to be a better person.
专题一 │ 典例导练
Mum is an ordinary housewife. She is not beautiful, but she is very popular. You can always see her sitting together with some old ladies doing some little craftworks, with attention focused on the work while chatting with others. She always tells me, “Never put your palms upwards but downwards！” I didn’t know why, so I would stare at her hands
专题一 │ 典例导练
whenever I had nothing to do. Then I found that they were busy doing cleaning, washing, cooking, and helping others. I never knew such short small and fat hands could do so many things. Holding her hands, I asked mum why we couldn’t put the palms upwards. She
专题一 │ 典例导练
told me help. Instead, we should try to solve problems by ourselves or make our own bread. But if others needed help, we should give our hands at the first second.
专题一 │ 典例导练
I forever bear in mind the lesson she taught me. To show my gratitude to her, I will spare no effort to work harder so that she can have a better life in the future.
　专题预测
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　(一)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I once met a middle aged stranger who said his money had been stolen at the railway station, so he had no money to go home. He begged for help from passers by, but they all pretended not to have heard what he was saying and went by quickly. Then he stopped me and wanted me to give him the help. At first I
专题一 │ 专题预测
could not accept that because I didn’t think he was telling the truth. But when I saw tears in his eyes, I began to believe that he might be in the real trouble, so, just immediately I gave him all the money I had. When he took the money, his face turned red. Before he left, he expressed his great thanks and also said he would give back my money
专题一 │ 专题预测
when he reached home. When I came back to school and told my classmates about my story, they held different opinions. Some of them thought that I did a good deed to have given a hand to the person in trouble, while others said that I was cheated. Some even laughed at me and called me a fool who could not judge things in the right way. Now, I am really confused!
专题一３│ 专题预测
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。
2．然后以约120个词发表看法， 并包括如下要点：
(1)叙述你或你的朋友给予陌生人以帮助的一次真实或虚构的经历。
(2)说明你的理由。
专题一│ 专题预测
Academic career
　　After completing his PhD at Cambridge University, he was appointed to the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1982 to 1989. Since 1989 he has been working at the University of California, San Diego, as Professor of Pharmacology and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
专题一│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1．可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．标题自定。
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专题一│ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
Help or Not
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of giving help to a stranger, which made him very confused because his classmates held different points of views about his deed.
专题一│ 专题预测
One evening, father was driving me home when a stranger stopped us and said he needed a ride badly. I felt a little worried thinking of our safety. But father did as asked. But seven days later, we were very surprised to receive a letter from him, which read: “Thank you so much for helping me so that I was able to make it to my dying wife’s bedside just before she passed away. God bless you for helping me and unselfishly serving others. Sincerely yours, Tom.”
专题一│ 专题预测
Nobody can tell when he is in trouble. If so, he, including a stranger needs love and help. If everybody just looks on, what will our world be But it is not unusual that quite a few strangers cheat people out of their kindness, so, be careful when giving help!
专题一│ 专题预测
(二)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
A letter from an American teacher Patti
June 15, 2010
Dear Li Hua and all students，
Thank you for caring about me so much. I have been back to US a couple of days; how much I feel the feeling of missing you all. I’m doing well here. Now I am working in a college in my
专题一 │ 专题预测
hometown. I work hard with all my energies. I enjoy the new environment and new life. There are a lot of things that totally differ from those of in China. It could not tell just in simple words. Only if one experiences by himself. I’m sure you would have a chance to tell the feeling to yourself someday—the day expected not too far
专题一 │ 专题预测
away. I’d like to say that if you hope to know what the human right or dignity should be alike, what the freedom should be alike and what is a harmonious society should be alike, very much like China, try hard to taste US.
Yours，
Patti
专题一 │ 专题预测
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。
2．然后以约120个词代李华写一封感谢信， 表达对Patti的思念、爱戴和尊敬， 信的内容包括如下要点：
(1)对Patti教学的评价。
(2)对她的思念和感激。
(3) 对她的祝愿。
专题一 │ 专题预测
　　[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确， 语言规范， 内容合适， 篇章连贯。
专题一 │ 专题预测
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专题一 │ 专题预测
(二)
【参考范文】
June 20, 2010
Dear Patti，
We are very excited to hear from you.
From your letter I know that you have a strong feeling of missing us, and your new working environment in the USA and your great wish for our visit to your motherland. We still can’t forget the lively English classes you gave us. In your class, we never felt bored, and you led us to
专题一│ 专题预测
the beautiful English world in very interesting ways. What impresses us deeply is your charming smile, and your creative work. You are so friendly to us that we all love to make friends with you. Because of your patience, our English has improved a lot. We want to express our heartfelt thanks for your teaching and your encouragement. We will
专题一│ 专题预测
always remember the days when you were with us. You are more than a teacher but a friend to us. We are very glad to hear that you enjoy your new life in USA.Take care of yourself, and remember we are always together with you!
Wish you all the best!
Yours，
Li Hua
专题二 说明文型
读写任务
专题二│ 说明文型读写任务
　专题导读
专题二 │ 专题导读
　　完成书面表达首先要审文体，高考书面表达体裁主要有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。若是说明文，要了解说明的主旨以及说明的顺序，要求学生按照合理的顺序或按一定的写作线索选用适应的连接词，将句子连珠成串，使各句连成结构紧凑、层次分明、语义连贯的短文。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Simulate a Life
The ultimate goal of life is to achieve happiness, and the way to achieve happiness is the wise management. So says The Sims (模拟人生)，an American strategic life simulation computer game that lets you create, direct, and manage the lives of SimCity’s residents.
　典例导练
专题二 │ 典例导练
Similar to the life of a real person, the game begins with the creation of your simulated(模拟的)people: pick a name and a gender, decide on personality/astrological sign (星座), and then choose a look from a variety of heads, bodies, and skin tones. Each little Sim person has all basic needs
专题二 │ 典例导练
(Hunger, Comfort, Fun, etc.) like a human which can be satisfied by interaction with other Sims or purchased objects. Name, gender, and appearance don’t affect gameplay much, but personality determines how your Sim plays with others.
专题二 │ 典例导练
One gameplay goal is to improve your Sim and eventually help him or her achieve happiness. With proper management he or she can climb a career ladder, which nets him or her more money. This allows the purchase of higher quality stuff, which lets you improve your Sim even more. With suitable
专题二 │ 典例导练
care, your Sim can have a mate, kids, and a mansion with an indoor pool. Mismanage your new, simulated family, and fights will break out, jobs will be lost, and the house will fall apart.
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　With The Sims, you can create whatever and whomever you desire. Triumph or tragedy You name it. In your real life, it is the same case.
[写作内容]
1．约30个词概括短文的要点。
2．然后以约120个词写一篇文章，并包括以下要点：
(1)模拟人生就是规划人生，说出人生规划的重要性。
(2)就如何有效规划高三学习，谈谈你的具体做法。
专题二 │ 典例导练
　　[写作要求]
1．可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．标题自定。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
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专题二 │ 典例导练
　　【参考范文】
Plan Our Life Well
The Sims is an American computer game in which you can realize the way to achieve happiness in your real life by creating, directing, and managing a simulated identity in The Sims World.
专题二 │ 典例导练
Today, we are living in a fluctuating society. This urges a severe and immediate need for us to plan and orga nize our life properly beforehand. Whatever we do, we must have a draft or blueprint for the next step. Otherwise, we are likely to be eliminated in this competitive world.
专题二 │ 典例导练
As a Senior Three student, I am supposed to plan our study efficiently so that I can grasp a wide range of subjects and knowledge. Consequently, it is essential for me to allocate more time on subjects I am weak in. The moment I get up in the morning, I will spend time reading English or Chinese aloud
专题二 │ 典例导练
because it can make me more energetic. In the evening study, I first concentrate on my weak subjects and then switch to the subjects that I excel in for a change. Reviewing the bits and pieces that I learn every day is what I do before bed because it is the ideal time for memory.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　　　　　　　　(一)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
If you got 100,000 dollars by chance, how would you spend it Here are some answers of our readers：
Elizabeth Stahl: I would donate it to an arts program for young boys and girls. The decrease in the creative arts programs such as
　专题预测
专题二 │ 专题预测
music, art and drama in the schools have left many young artists out in the cold in academics. Much like sports, art in any form, can and does make a difference in young people’s lives.
Marjorie C: Although I agree with Elizabeth Stahl 100%, I’d give my money to each of my children to ensure the very best of educations for my two granddaughters.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　Clark: With one hundred thousand dollars…I would distribute it among those whom I know that are in need and ask that they in turn then share half of what they’ve received with others that they personally know are in need.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　Carol Wilson: First, I would take care of all my debts and gain a good credit again, and then I would spend the rest on a new car. After all said and done, take a nice long vacation.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　[写作内容]
美国某网站的论坛就 “How Would You Spend 100,000 Dollars？” 为主题进行调查。上文是一些网友的回复， 你阅读了上文后， 准备就该主题发表自己的观点， 内容要点包括：
1．以约30个词概括上述网友的观点。
2．然后以约120个词谈谈你的观点， 并包括以下要点：
(1)你想用这笔钱做的一件或几件事情。
(2)说明你这样做的原因。
专题二 │ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1．在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
专题二 │ 专题预测
[评分标准]
概括准确， 语言规范， 内容合适， 篇章连贯。
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专题二 │ 专题预测
　　 (一)
【参考范文】
People would spend 100,000 dollars in different ways if they got it by chance. Some would donate it to charity for various purposes while some others would take care of their own business with the money.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　If I had the chance to get that money, I would first set aside 20,000 dollars for my university education and then donate the rest to the children who suffered from the devastating earthquake last May.
专题二 │ 专题预测
There is no doubt that a good education is of vital importance to a person. It is through education that know ledge and information are received and spread throughout the world. An uneducated person is shut off from the outside world because he is closed to all the knowledge he can gain through books. In contrast, an educated man lives in a room with all its windows open towards the outside world. 　　
专题二 │ 专题预测
Thus I would use the money for my own education and help the children in the disaster area in Sichuan to gain theirs.
专题二 │ 专题预测
(二)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There are two major teaching methods in schools: the lecture system and the discussion system.
The two teaching methods have their own strengths and weaknesses respectively.
专题二 │ 专题预测
Many students like the lecture system because it helps them to learn quickly and much more. Attending a well prepared lecture is a most rewarding experience: it can open a new horizon for you and save you much time as well — the time you might otherwise spend reading one book after
专题二 │ 专题预测
another. Yet the fault of the lecture system is that it cultivates a bad habit of passive learning. Students bring their notebooks and even tape recorders to class to write everything down without thinking of themselves, let alone raise any question to teachers.
专题二 │ 专题预测
On the contrary, the discussion system encourages students to form their own ideas and opinions. To engage in frequent and even heated debates, you have to do a lot of homework beforehand, find answers yourselves and thus you
专题二 │ 专题预测
develop the analytical skills which benefit both your study habit and your future life. However, it also has its weakness: students do not learn systematically.
[写作内容]
一些学生喜欢老师讲授， 另一些学生喜欢讨论式的课堂。作为中学生， 你已经历了十几年的学校生活。对于这两种教学模式应该十分熟悉， 且有很深的体会。你倾向哪种类型的课堂？
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　1．以约30个词概括上文的内容。
2．以约120个词表达你对这两种教学模式的认识， 并包括如下要点：
(1)目前学校教育的真实现状以及学生对这两种形式的倾向。
(2)以你自己的个性特点以及成长的经历说明你的倾向和感受，并说明具体的理由和详细的观点来支持你的选择。
(3)表达你对教学模式改革的期望。
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确， 语言规范， 内容合适， 篇章连贯。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
专题二 │ 专题预测
　 　(二)
【参考范文】
The above passage compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two major teaching methods in schools: the lecture system and the discussion system.
Actually, some students like classes where teachers give a lecture (do all of the talking) in class, while others prefer classes where the students do some of the talking.
专题二 │ 专题预测
　　I prefer the lecture system for three reasons: I am used to the lecture system; it is an efficient system; I am too shy to talk in class. All my school life, I have listened to teachers. The lecture system is an efficient one. I want the teacher to give me as much information as he or she can during the class period. I hate it when the class is full of laughter or gossips.
专题二 │ 专题预测
I hope I can always study in a school or university where it uses the lecture system. I think it is better to continue with what one is used to.
专题三 夹叙夹议型
读写任务　　
专题三│ 夹叙夹议型读写任务
　专题导读
专题三│ 专题导读
　 夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情，一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体，“叙”是“议”的基础，即议论不能脱离记叙，必须在记叙的基础上展开；“议”是“叙”的渗透，即议论在记叙的基础上发表，且要有一定的深度与广度。
写夹叙夹议类书面表达时，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。
专题三│ 典例导练
　　阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
As I got into a taxi one afternoon, the driver was very angry about something that had happened to him earlier that day. Here’s how he told the story：
　典例导练
专题三│ 典例导练
“One of my fares (旅客) left a wallet in my cab this morning. Nearly three hundred dollars in it. I spent more than an hour trying to trace the guy. Finally I found him at his hotel. He took the wallet without a word and glared at me as though I’d meant to steal it.” “He didn’t give you a reward？” I asked.“Not a cent. But it wasn’t the money I wanted，” he
专题三│ 典例导练
fumbled, then exploded,“If the guy had only said something…” Why was the driver so upset All he wanted was something simple, but even more valuable than money: to be thanked for his efforts. In short, what he wanted, what he needed but did not get, was a little bit of gratitude.
专题三│ 典例导练
　　[写作内容]
1．概括故事的内容要点，以此引入话题，该部分的词数大约30。
2．以约120个词就“感激”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下内容要点：
(1)什么是感激(gratitude)
(2)感激的表现方式。
(3)表达感激最重要在于真诚(sincere)。
(4)故事的启示和你的结论。
专题三│ 典例导练
　　[写作要求]
1．你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
专题三│ 典例导练
【参考范文】
We Cannot Do Without Gratitude
The other day I read a story which is about a taxi driver who got mad and disappointed，for he received nothing for his efforts to return the lost wallet to its owner，not even a simple word.
专题三│ 典例导练
The story sets me thinking about gratitude.Gratitude is the feeling of being grateful，the art of receiving gracefully，and the act of showing appreciation for every act of kindness，big or small，that others do for us.
专题三│ 典例导练
　　Gratitude can take many forms.It can be expressed by a large，dramatic gesture or it can be shown in a small way，like finding a very original and personal way to say thanks for a friend’s gift.Whatever we do to show our gratitude，we should do it in a sincere manner，for it is the feelings in our hearts that matter the most.
专题三│ 典例导练
The story reminds us how important it is to express our gratitude to the ones who have offered us help.We can never be too grateful.The smiles and the thanks we give help us to build a better world，one that we can all live in and enjoy.
专题三│ 专题预测
　　 (一)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
During summer holidays, two classmates, Tom and Peter, were traveling in the desert. As they were walking, they had an argument, and Tom was so angry that he slapped Peter hard across the face. Peter felt hurt, but without saying anything, he wrote down in the sand these words: “Today my best friend Tom slapped me in the face.”
　专题预测
专题三│ 专题预测
It was very hot, but they kept on walking and walking until they found an oasis(绿洲), where they decided to take a bath. Suddenly Peter got stuck in the mire(泥潭) and started drowning. Seeing that, Tom rushed over and saved him without any hesitation. After Peter got recovered from the drowning, he wrote with a knife on a stone: “Today my best friend Tom saved my life.”
专题三│ 专题预测
　　Feeling curious, Tom, who had slapped and saved his best friend, asked Peter, “After I beat you, you wrote something in the sand but just now you put down what I had done on a stone. Why？”
专题三│ 专题预测
Peter replied, “When someone hurts us, we should take it down in the sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for us, we must carve it in the stone where no wind can ever erase it.” Hearing that, Tom was deeply moved and understood what Peter had said and what he had done.
专题三│ 专题预测
　　[写作内容]
请你以“What I Have Learnt From Tom’s Understanding”为题， 谈谈你读了这个故事以后的感受。内容要点包括：
1．以约30个词概括上述故事的要点。
2．以约120个词就Peter“被打”和“被救”后的举动发表你的看法， 内容包括：
(1)Tom 为什么感动了？他到底明白了什么？
(2)你从这个故事中学到了什么？简要说明其理由。
专题三│ 专题预测
　　Lampard got Muffy as a gift for her now 17 year old daughter Chloe, and the two had been friendly with each other, Lampard said. “After the RSPCA called, I rang my daughter and asked her if she was sitting down, then told her they’d found Muffy，” Lampard said. “She’ll burst into tears when they see each other again. But just how she got down to Melbourne I guess is a mystery that will never be answered.”
专题三│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
可以使用实例来支持你的论点， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容论述，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
______________________________________________
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专题三│ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
What I Have Learnt From
Tom’s Understanding
While traveling in the desert, Tom slapped Peter’s face, and Peter wrote it down in the sand. But when he was saved, Peter carved that down on a stone, which moved Tom deeply.
专题三│ 专题预测
In this story, Tom was touched by Peter’s actions because he was ready to forgive others by forgetting unhappy things and he would remember and value it forever in his memory when his life was saved. I think what Tom understood was how to get along well with friends and how to deal with others’ kindness and rudeness.
专题三│ 专题预测
As for me, not everyone has the same good virtues and behaviors as Peter if such things happen to us. In my eyes, Peter is really our role model. “Attitude is everything！” So let’s try to be kind to people who have done something unpleasant to us, and grateful to those who have done us favors. Anyway, true friendship never comes easily.
专题三│ 专题预测
(二)
阅读下面的短文， 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
A long time ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and lay around it every day. They loved to play together.
专题三│ 专题预测
As time went by, the boy had grown up and no longer played around it. One day, he came back and the tree exci tedly invited him to play. But the boy said he needed money to buy toys. “Sorry, but I have no money, but you can pick all my apples and sell them，” said the tree. The boy did as told and left happily but never came back. The tree was sad.
专题三│ 专题预测
　　Many years passed, the boy returned and told him he had to make money to build a house for his family. The tree happily offered his branches for his house. With the branches, the boy left satisfied. The tree was again lonely and sad.
专题三│ 专题预测
　　Then one hot summer day, the tree was delighted to see the boy back again. “Come and play with me！” The tree said. “I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat？” “Use my trunk to build your boat.” The boy cut the tree trunk and went sailing but never showed up for a long time. The tree was happy, but it was not true.
专题三│ 专题预测
　 Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you anymore. No more apples for you.” The tree said with tears.
The boy replied that he was too old and needed nothing. “Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and e, sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears…
专题三│ 专题预测
　 [写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括上述寓言故事的要点。
2．以约120个词， 写出以下内容：
(1)故事的寓意及读后感。
(2)假如你是故事中的那个男孩， 你会怎样做？
专题三│ 专题预测
　 [写作要求]
1．可以使用实例来支持你的论点， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容论述，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确， 语言规范， 内容合适， 篇章连贯。
专题三│ 专题预测
　 ______________________________________________
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______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
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专题三│ 专题预测
　 (二)
【参考范文】
The fable presents a sentimental story to us in which an apple tree satisfied a boy’s wishes unconditionally by sacrificing everything for him. All it desired is the boy’s company.
专题三│ 专题预测
　 The tree in the fable is affectionate and unselfish. The moral of it is that parental love is so infinite that children should be grateful for that. I was deeply moved by the fable and felt an impulse to praise all the parents. It made me realize how great my parents are and I should be grateful for what they have done.
专题三│ 专题预测
　 If I were the boy, I would keep contact with the tree and be considerate. First, from the bottom of my heart, I know the tree is more than a tree; it is my dearest love. Young or old, I would keep in touch with it using various ways. If I have to travel away, I would write to it, phone him or send
专题三│ 专题预测
e mails to it informing it of my life. Second, in order not to let my dearest feel so lonely, I would plant some trees and flowers around it. These plants will brave the hard winters with it. In addition, I would invite some other children to play with it. Their company will surely make the life more colorful.
Therefore, if I were the boy, I would hold the tree dearly.
专题四 议论文型
读写任务　　　
专题四│ 议论文型读写任务
专题四│ 专题导读
　　写议论文要抓住文章的主要信息点，剔除细节信息是写摘要的基本要求。
议论文的内容包括“观点(或问题)、论据、结论”三个方面，所以摘要就是把这三个方面说清楚。
　专题导读
专题四│ 专题导读
注意：议论文的主体部分是论证的过程，论据占有很大的部分，但在写摘要的时候，不需要详细写论证的过程，因为它有很多细节信息，而细节信息是写摘要所应该剔除的，所以议论文的摘要应当将“观点、论据、结论”三个方面同等对待。
专题四│ 专题导读
(一)审读阅读材料 [寻找作者的观点、论据和结论]
(二)概括原文观点 [转述作者的观点、论据和结论]
(三)提出自己观点 [赞成或反对]
(四)论证自己观点 [用事例论证自己的观点]
(五) 结论
专题四│ 典例导练
　典例导读
　 [2010·广东] 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Who’s the Boss Then one day Ethan’s mother made him an offer in order to
专题四│ 典例导练
draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him $200.He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.　　
专题四│ 典例导练
In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will.Psychologists warn
专题四│ 典例导练
that money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases.
专题四│ 典例导练
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2．以约120个词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：
(1)你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法。
(2)你的父母(或其他亲人)是如何鼓励你学习的。
(3)你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。
专题四│ 典例导练
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
专题四│ 典例导练
________________________________________________
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专题四│ 典例导练
【参考范文】
The passage is mainly about parents giving money to their children so that they can show up or get good grades recently by the way of taking the example of Ethan and his mother.
But to their surprise, almost all parents have received the same embarrassing result, which was out of their expectation.
专题四│ 典例导练
　　I know two clever parents who succeeded in getting their child out of the bad habit of watching TV. In most of their spare time, they organize the teamwork among classmates, like weekend camping, swimming in summer, climbing mountains in winter, playing basketball or badminton, or sometimes singing OK songs in groups.
专题四│ 典例导练
Most of them enjoy themselves a lot and learn to appreicate others.
In my opinion, teamwork keeps children busy, away from loneliness. And teamwork gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement.
When a child is happy with his life, he will be happy with his study.
专题四│ 专题预测
　专题预测
　　　　　　　　　　　(一)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is common in our daily life now, and it exists everywhere. But it is very important. We always expect to do better than others in study, sports, and business and so on. It is believed that in a certain sense competition can propel the advancement of our society.
专题四│ 专题预测
For example, to build a skyscraper we need the combined efforts of the workers, or a beautiful blueprint would never be turned into a high building. A cooperative architect will not shut himself in his office. Instead, he will visit the construction site and talk with other engineers and the workers to solve the
专题四│ 专题预测
problems that occur in the process of construction. A cooperative worker bears in mind the designs of the engineers every moment he is on the scaffold. A smart building is the crystallization of collective wisdom and skills.
专题四│ 专题预测
On the other hand, competition is also important in modern society. If you were a businessman and want customers to buy your products, you have to compete with others. If you want to find a good job you have to be competitive. What’s more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and to lose. We learn our strengths and weaknesses.
专题四│ 专题预测
　　Cooperation and competition are closely related. Actually both of them are required in many activities. For instance, in learning English, we compete with each other. As a result, we all make great progress. But in the meantime, our study also demands teamwork. We often help each other by pointing out each other’s mistakes and exchanging ideas.
专题四│ 专题预测
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。
2．然后以约120个词就“竞争与合作”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
(1)竞争是我们生活中的一种普遍现象。
(2)竞争和合作是密不可分的。
(3)我的看法。
专题四│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
专题四│ 专题预测
(一)
【参考范文】
How do You Think About
Competitionand Cooperation
Competition and cooperation are common phenomenon in our society. Cooperation and competition are both important, and are both involved in every field of our life and work.
专题四│ 专题预测
It is often believed that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without it, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do.
专题四│ 专题预测
We are all familiar with the Chinese saying that “When everybody adds fuel, the flame goes high.” Competition characterizes the present world. However, without cooperation, this world would become an animal world. We can’t look on cooperation as the opposite of competition. In most cases we can’t do competition without cooperation. For example, in team work every member of the team is doing his best for the team to compete others.
专题四│ 专题预测
In my opinion, we should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary. So I’ve come to the conclusion that competition and cooperation are equally important.
专题四│ 专题预测
(二)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities
专题四│ 专题预测
to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop developing and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
专题四│ 专题预测
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(寄养的) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.
专题四│ 专题预测
John, however, was educated in the home well to do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother.
专题四│ 专题预测
　　[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。
2．然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
(1)你是否赞同“环境决定人的智力发展”这一观点？为什么？
(2)请举出具体事例说明你的观点。
(3)你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？
专题四│ 专题预测
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
专题四│ 专题预测
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专题四│ 专题预测
专题四│ 专题预测
专题四│ 专题预测
除了这些，要紧靠主题，从环境入手，阐述你对如何才能最大限度地发展智力的看法。
专题四│ 专题预测
(二)
【参考范文】
How to Fully Develop Our Intelligence
The writer argues in support of the importance of environment in terms of the development of a person’s intelligence by giving an example of a twin brothers, who were brought up in different environment.
专题四│ 专题预测
　　Personally, I believe environment is is a key factor to the development of a person’s intelligence, as a good environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
专题四│ 专题预测
　　There was such a famous example in Chinese history. Zhong Yong, born with a high IQ, distinguished himself by reciting and even writing poems as a child, which asto nished others. Unfortunately, his father didn’t offer him a good environment to foster him but instead, he often took him everywhere to show off his intelligence. Gradually, Zhong Yong became an ordinary person.
专题四│ 专题预测
　　Thus, I think we, including our parents, our teachers, even the whole society, should try to create a good environment for the children to fully develop their intelligence, and for the children, they should also learn to exploit everything available to develop themselves.(共199张PPT)
模块 2　完形填空第一节
考纲解读
模块 2 │考纲解读
完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。湖南高考英语完形填空题遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设题思路，遵循了“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言综合运用能力和对英语基础知识确切掌握水平，注重文章内容的生活化，语言的交际性；旨在检测考生在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力；要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳选项，使文章意思畅通，结构完整。
命题分析
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　　在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词数大多在260—340，难度低于与阅读理解部分的文段。其具体的特点有：
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　 1．情节完整，语境性强
尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和记叙加议论的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　　此外，“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，但单独从此空所在的句子很难作出判断。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，如关键词、短语、甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and, or, however, but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that is, in other words 等的解释说明作用；还有的以句子形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　　2．以意义填空为主
试题在着重考查学生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。所设选项符合语言规范，且词类相同。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。实词(动词、名词、形容词或副词等)为主，虚词(介词、连词、冠词等)为辅，体现了在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　　3．逻辑推理性强
近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项，其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要按照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断正确的选项。
模块 2 │ 命题分析
　　4．融入常识背景考查
还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行，这种情况下，就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识，具有一定的边缘学科知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯等，养成跨文化思维意识。
应试点睛
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
　　一、唱好三部曲，挑战零失误
1．速读全文，掌握大意
理解全文是高分突破完形填空的基础。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，画出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。一定不能在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，否则，就会事倍功半。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
2．瞻前顾后，先易后难
先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空格，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。遇到少数没有把握的选项时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路继续进行，等到大部分答案选出后，借助已经补全的信息，进一步加深对文章的理解，再回过头来推敲剩余的选项，就会有柳暗花明的感觉。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
3．通读全文，调整答案
最后，把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查，看看所选的答案是否能使上下文(段与段、句与句之间的衔接)连贯，是否合乎逻辑，同时还要从语法、词汇、惯用法、常识甚至是语感等方面考虑验证，特别要对第一次没有把握的选项进行推敲，以便准确敲定答案。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
二、活用技巧，胜券在握
1．重视首句暗示，进行猜测性推理判断
完形填空题首句不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，因此，在做题时，我们要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2010·广东] Every country has its own culture.
Even though each country uses doors, doors may have __1__(practical) functions and purposes which lead to __2__ differences.
(　　)2.A. national　　　　　B．embarrassing
C．cultural D．amazing
【解析】 C　文章开篇点题，从开头总括句“Every country has its own culture.”可以看出，下面所举的例子是为证明这一主题句，由此可以轻松确定答案。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
2．熟悉语境分析，从上下文寻找线索
通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。近年高考试题逐渐摈弃单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。因此，只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确作出判断。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例1】 [2010·湖南] …Beans, and I walk the trail frequently. Normally, Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or __1__ some cause known only to him.
…
Since our adventure, I __2__(concluded) that Beans probably knew all along how to get home. He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.
(　　)1.A. imagine B．consider
C．explore D．present
【解析】 C　根据全文最后一句 “He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.”可判断选C。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例2】 [2009·上海] Write down all the ideas/words __1__(associated) with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the __2__ to the job you have to do.
(　　)2.A. ideas B．ambitions
C．achievement D．technique
【解析】 A　利用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。与上文的ideas一致，指的是把理念和要做的事情联系到一起。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
3．利用语法分析，搞定语法题目
完形填空中经常出现一些复杂的句式，给做题带来一些困难。虽然语法不再是考查的重点，而且一再被淡化，但偶尔还有语法分析题出现。此外，扎实的语法基础，较强的句子分析能力仍不失为做题的一件法宝。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例1】 [2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s words, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__(introduces) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__ there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__(impact) on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)2.A. where B．unless
C．as D．whether
【解析】 A　本题考查where引导地点状语从句。本句意为“在有暴力的地方，其后也总有毒品”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例2】 [2010·重庆] …Now, __1__ the book has been published, I have been given the chance. Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam: some about my life, and all about what it means to be a __2__(man)．
(　　)1.A. as B．once
C．though D．if
【解析】 A　as引导原因状语从句。句意：因为这本书出版了，所以我有机会让Sam看到我所有想说的话。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
4．运用背景和生活常识，简化分析过程
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的选项。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例1】 [2010·湖北] The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to __1__ the seats, settled in one of them.
It had been a year since Susan became blind.As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of__2__.
(　　)1.A. touch B．grab
C．count D．feel
(　　)2.A. weakness B．sickness
C．darkness D．sadness
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 1.D　考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择“feel”(摸索，感知)，而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”(触碰)。
2．C　考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of darkness”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例2】 [2010·广东] In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus，and when the bus doors opened, I ________tried to get on the school bus through the front door.
(　　)A. politely B．patiently
C．unconsciously D．slowly
【解析】 C　由上文 “In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off” 可知作者在生活中已经养成了习惯。由生活常识可知，他就无意识地遵循以往的习惯。故选C ，意为“无意识地”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
5．注意英汉语言差异，克服思维定式
【典例】 It started socially—a few calls each day. It seemed fine, just a quick chat. Gradually though, the situation got worse. Soon it was ________ use, until, finally, addiction.
(　　)A. frequent B．regular
C．unusual D．particular
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【解析】 A　如果仅凭汉语思维“经常用”电话，很容易误选B。regular虽然也有“经常的”的意思，但侧重指“固定的，有规律的”，不是一个贬义词。因此，此处表示最后作者打电话上瘾之前，打电话是一种“频繁的”行为，含有贬义，因此用“频繁的”，表示行为“过火”，答案为A。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
6．巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围
解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真地阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对四个选项进行仔细地辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白， 但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 [2009·重庆] For two days he was __1__by his mother. As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the __2__ (pressure)．
(　　)1.A. protected B．nursed
C．scolded D．affected
【解析】 B　可以用排除法来解答此题。前文提到这个男孩患了感冒，可以判断A、C和D项都不符合语境要求，只有B项(得到母亲的照顾)才符合情理。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
7．注意熟词新意，轻松化难为易
《考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的，熟词僻意现象的增多，无形中大大增加了试题的难度，这也是考生失分的重要原因。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例1】 [2010·全国Ⅰ] …I saw him __1__(looking at)his watch and decided, since I was__2__(not)busy—my patient didn’t __3__ at the appointed hour，I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound，I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.
(　　)3.A. turn up B．show off
C．come on D．go away
【解析】 A　 turn up表示“出现”的意思。这里要注意破折号表示解释说明，我不是很忙，因为我的病人在appointed hour 里面没有出现。appoint 这个词除了我们所熟悉的意思“任命”之外，还有“约时间”的意思。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
【典例2】 [2009·广东] …Nobel arranged in his __1__ to give the largest part of his money to __2__(establish) the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made… Nobel had to die before he realized what…
(　　)1.A. book B．article
C．will D．contract
【解析】 C　由最后一句 Nobel had to die before he realized…可知，是在“遗嘱(will)”中作的安排。book书；article文章；contract合同。在此题中will不是我们所熟悉的意思“意志， 决心， 愿望，将要”，而是“遗嘱”。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
8．重视语篇通读，多角度地逻辑推理
完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程，必须把握作者的思路，通过联想、推测等方法，多换角度去思考问题，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。
My father’s unemployment created many changes in our lives. For starters, he was home all the time，…I would come home every day to find him at the computer __1__ jobs. I began to notice how down he seemed, though he tried to be __2__. For the first time, I saw my dad as vulnerable. I gave up my__3__， which even though wasn’t much, but I felt like the right thing to do. I also found a part time job.
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
(　　)1.A. answering for B．waiting for
C．searching for D．hoping for
(　　)2.A. athletic B．optimistic
C．authentic D．bureaucratic
(　　)3.A. allowance B．circumstance
C．guidance D．Insurance
【解析】
1．C　考查语境化选词。search for寻找。失业了，所以应该是在找工作。wait for 等候，等待；answer for 对……负责。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
2．B　考查语境化选词。前文告诉我们，父亲很失望，连词though表示转折，所以应选optimistic。句意为：尽管父亲尽量装作很乐观，但是我开始注意到他是多么的失落。athletic健壮的；authentic真正的；bureaucratic官僚的。
3．A　考查语境化选词。allowance 零用钱。因为父亲下岗了，所以我就放弃了零花钱，以减轻父亲的负担。circumstance条件；guidance指导；insurance 保险。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
9．“冷”“热”相济，灵活处理生词和长难句
完形填空是一种障碍性的阅读，因此在阅读理解中遇到生词拦路是很正常的，但这无形中造成了考生理解上的困难，增加了考生的心理压力。因此，在解答完形填空的过程中，当我们碰到一些生词时，要有目的的去预测、思考和获取信息，并对获得的信息进行推理判断。为了做到既懂材料，又不至于花费太多的时间，我们对这些拦路虎需加以正确区分对待：
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
(1)对于一些不影响文章理解的无关紧要生词，如一些地名、人名等，可采取“冷处理”，忽略即可。
(2)与文章的大意、答案的选择有关系的重要生词，要采取“热处理”，一定要查清楚。具体方法是：根据词语所处的语境或者是构词法结合下文的联系，推测其含义。有一些词要学会根据上下文来猜测词义。
模块 2 │ 应试点睛
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确选项。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确做完形填空题提供前提保障。
题型探究
模块 2 │ 题型探究
　探究点一　词汇辨析型
词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点，主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查，如名词、形容词、动词、副词等，而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。如果说语法填空中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查，那么完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。从这个角度上讲，完形填空命题的设置其实是语法填空试题的拓展和升华，因此其难度也可想而知。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分几种实词的语义差别。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·浙江]
…
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my __1__ Christmas there special and memorable, I __2__ remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of __3__for as many children as I could possibly reach.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
So I __4__a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, __5__ with a child’s name. We wanted all of them to know they were__6__. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I __7__ them that they couldn’t open their presents __8__ every child had come forward. Finally the __9__ they had been waiting for came as I called out, “One, two, three. Open your presents！” As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles __10__ up the room.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.A. present B．first
C．recent D．previous
(　　)2.A. hardly B．instantly
C．regularly D．occasionally
(　　)3.A. strength B．independence
C．importance D．safety
(　　)4.A. kept up with B．caught up with
C．came up with D．put up with
(　　)5.A. none B．few
C．some D．each
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)6.A. fine B．special
C．helpful D．normal
(　　)7.A. reminded B．guaranteed
C．convinced D．promised
(　　)8.A. after B．until
C．when D．since
(　　)9.A. chance B．gift
C．moment D．reward
(　　)10.A. lit B．took
C．burned D．cheered
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了贫穷孩子因圣诞礼物而引发的特殊情感体验，从而关注弱势群体，歌颂互相关爱的人性之美。本文的命题选项典型地体现了词汇辨析的特点。
1．B　本题考查形容词辨析。联系上下文，提到是new house，肯定选择first。西方人对于圣诞节很重视，是一家人团圆的日子，作者想让自己在新家过的第一个圣诞节有意义。
2．B　本题考查副词辨析。根据四个选项的意思，联系上下文，可了解当时作者那种激动的心情，所以应该是很快就想到了那件让她难忘的事情。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
3．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据上一段中描述那次圣诞节礼物给我的感慨和作者此刻的心情可知选C。
4．C　本题考查动词短语辨析。从上一段可以推断，是我提出了(came up with)了一个让四十个人来我公司帮忙的计划。
5．D　本题考查不定代词辨析。根据作者的想法，应该是每个人都有自己的圣诞节礼物，所以选择每个人(each)。
6．B　本题考查形容词辨析。每个人都有属于自己的礼物，而且不是固定的，所以作者的意思是：每个人都是独一无二的。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
7．A　本题考查动词辨析。从下文的“One, two, three. Open your presents！”可知，此时在分发礼物时，我提醒每个人先不要打开礼物。
8．B　本题考查连词辨析。句意为：直到每个人都拿到礼物。
9．C　本题考查名词辨析。根据下文的意思，此处表达大家等待拆礼物的时刻到了，故选择moment。
10．A　本题考查动词辨析。分析四个选项的意思，根据文章的上下文：他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间，所以选择light的过去式lit。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
　探究点二　语法结构型
近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词，限定与非限定性定语从句的区别，定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)，状语从句，非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)，时态， 语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句等以及一些词类之间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容， 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2009·湖北] Mrs. McNamara kept all of our written work in files; it was easy to see the __1__(improvements) in writing that had occurred. What was not so easy to see was the inner transformation that had taken place, at least for me. What Mrs. McNamara __2__(forced) me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I __3__ . Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.
(　　)3.A. did B．could
C．had D．would
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　本题考查助动词的功能。根据上文I could improve myself可知应使用did代替improved，即“我的确提高了自我”，不能选择could，因此处强调的是动词improve本身而并非是could。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2009·福建] Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker，__1__(lost) all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times __2__ his strong minded grandfather was nearly __3__(penniless), he loaded his family into the car and __4__(took) them to see family members in Canada with a __5__(belief)“there are more important things in life than money”.
(　　)2.A. when B．while
C．how D．why
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 A　本题考查定语从句。根据句法可以判断此空是定语从句，先行词是times，所以要用when，相当于in which。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
　探究点三　习惯搭配型
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对习惯搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 [2010·天津] Deeply touched by the boy’s words, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that __1__(introduces) teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw __2__(where) there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging __3__ on the kids，” says Moody.
(　　)3.A. impression B．burden
C．decision D．impact
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 D　考查习惯搭配。本文讲述的主题是和谐气氛与载体平台下的沟通有利于青少年健康成长。本空中have an impact on是一个固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。因此选择D项。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 [2010·四川] Well，that few minutes turned into about four five minutes，including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车)__1__ by comparison.
(　　)1.A. light B．pale
C．easy D．quick
【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。本文记述了作者一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待中，大人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴儿在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。本空中make…pale by comparison 意为“使……相形见绌”，此处用以强调飞机在空中极不稳定。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 [2010·湖北] It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of __1__(darkness). Susan’s husband Mark watched her __2__(sink) into hopelessness and he was __3__ to use every possible means to help his wife.
(　　)3.A. inspired B．determined
C．honored D．pleased
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 B　考查习惯搭配。句意为：苏珊的丈夫决定用一切可能的办法帮助她恢复到以前的生活。be determined to do sth.是一个固定搭配，意为“下决心做某事”。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
　探究点四　语篇逻辑型
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是语法填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外，还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和句子之间的逻辑关系。完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。答
模块 2 │ 题型探究
题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系 (连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·北京]
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, __1__ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my__2__. She wanted to know how I thought we should __3__ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew __4__ about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her __5__ . It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to __6__ them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how __7__ I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
Mrs. Neidl’s __8__ that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it__9__ ！”I began to take __10__. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be __11__ upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and __12__ create something.
…
She taught me not to __13__ what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be __14__. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her __15__ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined__16__.
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)1.A. and B．yet
C．so D．for
(　　)2.A. opinion B．impression
C．information D．intention
(　　)3.A. make B．keep
C．handle D．change
(　　)4.A. anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
(　　)5.A. questions B．comments
C．explanations D．remarks
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)6.A. hold B．follow
C．evaluate D．form
(　　)7.A. happy B．lively
C．reliable D．Punctual
(　　)8.A. message B．motto
C．saying D．suggestion
(　　)9.A. again B．more
C．instead D．later
(　　)10.A. steps B．control
C．charge D．risks
模块 2 │ 题型探究
(　　)11.A. improved B．acted
C．looked D．reflected
(　　)12.A. easily B．carefully
C．confidently D．proudly
(　　)13.A. accept B．care
C．judge D．wonder
(　　)14.A. bored B．lazy
C．sad D．afraid
(　　)15.A. trust B．patience
C．curiosity D．Interest
(　　)16.A. accessible B．enjoyable
C．possible D．favorable
模块 2 │ 题型探究
【解析】 本文是一篇励志文章，通过“我”的经历，说明了勇气、自信、尝试和信任的重要性。本文在命题上体现了“语句、语段、语篇”之间的逻辑联系，是一篇典型的“语篇逻辑型”的完形填空。
1．B　考查语段理解。前面unpleasant voice 和 direct way of speaking是消极意向，后面encouraging 和 inspiring是积极意向，因此需填转折连词，四个选项中A表并列，C表结果，D表原因，只有B选项yet表转折。
2．A　考查语篇理解。第二段第二句话“她想知道我认为我们该怎样处理事情”直接提示了这个空应该选观点opinion这个词。impression 印象；information 信息；intention 意图。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
3．C　考查语篇理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握handle 的两种意思，名词是“柄、把”，动词是“处理”，这里考查后者。make做、创造；keep保持； change改变。
4．D　考查语段理解。开始我不知如何回答是因为我对舞台设计“一无所知”。 know nothing about sth 对某事一无所知。
5．A　考查语篇理解。解题关键词是本句的respond“回答、响应”， 线索是第二段第一句中的 “ask 提问”及第三句中的“answer 回答”， 因此这里填 “question 问题”这个词。B、D选项是评论，C是解释，不符题意。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
6．D　考查语篇理解。本句的them指代opinions。form opinion形成观点 。hold opinion持有某种观点，form 是个变化的状态，hold是个持续的状态。根据文意推断作者开始并没有观点，由于她相信我有观点所以我形成了观点，强调形成这个过程。另外begin to后接有变化感的词，故选form不选hold。follow 遵照，evaluate评估，与题意差别较大。
7．C　考查语段理解。解题线索在后半句 “so I began to show up to paint more and more ” 作者做的事情多变是Mrs. Neidl信任的结果，说明我是个可信赖(reliable)的人，C选项符合题意。其他三个选项happy 高兴的，lively活泼的和 punctual 准时的，都不能表达出这种合理的因果关系。另外迷惑性较大的lively通常用来形容物。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
8．B　考查语段理解。引号里是一句鼓励的话，而且前面“that year”也是线索，说明这话是她的motto(座右铭)。saying是谚语的意思，往往是人们长期形成的对生活及经验的总结，强调群体性及时间性，故不合适。message 信息，suggestion 建议，不合题意。
9．D　考查语篇理解。本题难度较大，解题关键词是介词“over”，表覆盖。选择later 可以理解为“如果没有画好，稍后可以再画一次覆盖在之前的画上”。 more更多， instead 代替， 不合题意。迷惑性最大的是again，表示“再一次、又一次”，但是放在这里与over意思重复，paint over it later相当于 paint it again, 故不选A。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
10．D　考查语篇理解。take risks是固定搭配，意为“冒险”。通读全文可知作者开始很不自信，下文也提示了作者“shy” ，“quiet”，因此动笔画画对他来说是个冒险，是自我突破的过程，文章最后一段也提到了take chances冒险，因此选D。take steps是“采取措施、步骤”的意思，与文章主题不搭，control 和 charge 都有“控制”的意思，不合题意。
11．A　考查语篇理解。improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次”。因此不存在失败，只存在改进。act upon按照、对……起作用；look upon 看待，考虑；reflect upon考虑，回顾，均不符题意。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
12．C　考查语篇理解。本段主要描写了作者从不敢做到敢做的过程，根据前文提示作者曾很不自信，后来在Mrs. Neidl的鼓励下自信地拿起了画笔，因此选confidently。 easily 容易的，作者超越自我的过程并不容易；carefully 小心地，创作并不是个小心翼翼的过程；proudly 骄傲地，文章中没有任何体现。
13．B　考查语篇理解。“她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做”。accept 接受，judge 判断，wonder想知道，均不合题意。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
14．D　考查语段理解。be afraid害怕。前面说take chance 冒险，后面理所当然说不要怕(失败)，而且前文反复出现了afraid 这个词，是全篇的关键词。bored 无聊的，lazy 懒惰的，sad 伤心的，在文中均无体现。
15．A　考查语篇理解。trust 信任。通读全文发现文中多次提到Mrs. Neidl对作者的信任，并在第二段明确使用了trust这个词，因此推断出答案。patience 耐心，curiosity好奇心，interest兴趣，文中均无体现。
模块 2 │ 题型探究
16．C　考查语篇理解。“她对我的信任激励我完成以前认为不可能的事情”， “never imagined possible” 等于 “imagined impossible” 认为不可能的，符合文意。accessible 容易取得的，enjoyable 有趣的，favorable 有利的、赞同的，均不合文意。
专题一　记叙文
专题 一 │记叙文
专题导读
专题 一 │专题导读
记叙文是高考完形填空的主要体裁。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why)；记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索
专题 一 │专题导读
等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻地理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能作出合理的选择。
真题再现
专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖南]
Behind our house is the start of a fascinating trail(小径)．This trail is one of the old roads that wind through untold miles of forest. My __1__，Beans，and I walk the trail frequently. Normally，Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or __2__ some cause known only to him.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Beans is a white dog，quite handsome and very __3__.He not only understands what we tell him，but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to __4__ back.
One morning，we took a different route，which led us to an unfamiliar trail.I was sure this trail would eventually lead us to our familiar __5__.But，no.We seemed to be far off course.After two hours，I suddenly realized that Beans probably __6__ the way home.So I urged，“Beans，take me home.”He ran down a new trail.But it merely led to an intersection(岔道口)of trails.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Soon it became __7__ that we were getting nowhere.I began to picture the rest of the day in the __8__，without food or drink.We had walked about ten miles.But Beans seemed totally __9__.The sniffing and exploring was going well for him.
Finally，we __10__ a crossroad near a highway.Lady Luck suggested I should turn left.We did and __11__ reached a cottage beside a field.I knocked on the door and explained my situation to an old man.He laughed and then drove us home.
专题 一 │ 真题再现
Since our adventure，I __12__ that Beans probably knew all along how to get home.He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.
(　　)1. A. deer B. dog
C. lady D. man
(　　)2. A. imagine B. consider
C. explore D．present
(　　)3. A. smart B. sweet
C. slow D．shy
(　　)4. A. turn B. kick
C. jump D. speak
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)5. A. driveway B. path
C. crossroad D. highway
(　　)6. A. knew B. saw
C. showed D. made
(　　)7. A. mysterious B. ridiculous
C. fascinating D. apparent
(　　)8. A. house B. forest
C. field D. cottage
(　　)9. A. unconcerned B. unconscious
C. undecided D. uncomfortable
(　　)10. A. left for B. went off
C. came to D. drove toward
专题 一 │ 真题再现
(　　)11. A．punctually B. frequently
C．formally D. shortly
(　　)12. A．regretted B. remembered
C．concluded D. confirmed
【文章大意】 “我”的狗Beans领着“我”沿着一条不熟悉的小路散步而迷路了，结果好不容易才回到家。但从冒险经历，“我”却断定Beans可能一直知道回家的路，他只是喜欢探险新的路径罢了。
1. B　根据第二段第一句“Beans is a white dog”可判断选B。
2. C　根据全文最后一句“He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.”可判断选C。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
3. A　根据后一句“He not only understands what we tell him, but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to __4__ back.”可推断Beans聪明、机灵，故选A。
4. D　根据句中的“makes sounds”可判断Beans试图用言语进行回答，故选D。
5. B　根据上文“My __1__， Beans, and I walk the trail frequently.”和“we took a different route, which led us to an unfamiliar trail.”可综合判断选B，即“熟悉的小径”，故选B。
6. A　根据下文So I urged, “Beans, take me home.”可推断“我”突然意识到Beans可能知道回家的路，故选A。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
7. D　根据上文“He ran down a new trail. But it merely led to an intersection (岔道口) of trails.”可推断其实Beans并不知道回家的路，即：很快，我们已经迷路是很明显的事了，故选D。
8. B　由前后语境可知我们迷失在一个偏僻之处，再结合第一段“This trail is one of the old roads that wind through untold miles of forest”的提示可判断选B。
9. A　根据句中But所表示的转折关系，再结合The sniffing and exploring was going well for him的提示推断，至于迷路一事“我”着急，但Beans并不关心，故选A。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
10. C　由前后语境可推断此处应意为“我们终于来到了离高速公路不远处的一个十字路口”，故选C。
11. D　很快我们就来到一处村舍。shortly意为“不久”，符合语境，故选D。
12. C　从我们的冒险经历，“我”断定(得出结论)Beans可能一直知道回家的路，他只是喜欢探险新的路径罢了。由此语境可判断选C。
专题预测
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
I grew up in San Pedro. My dad was a fisherman. It was hard to make a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out there until he caught enough to feed the family. No just enough for our family, but also for his mom and dad. When the weather was bad he would __1__ me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing__2__. Older than it was, that truck, out of condition, coughed all the way with loud noise and heavy smoke. As he would
专题 一 │ 专题预测
drive, I would fall down into the seat hoping to __3__. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and __4__. Then he would lean over to give me a big kiss and tell me to be a good boy. It was so embarrassing for me now. Here, I was 12 years old, and he would __5__ me good bye!
专题 一 │ 专题预测
I remember the day I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his __6__ big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my __7__ up and said, “No, Dad.”
专题 一 │ 专题预测
It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this __8__ look on his face. I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.” My father looked at me for the longest time. When __9__ came into his eyes, he turned and __10__. “You’re right he said，” “You’re a big boy… a man. I won’t kiss you anymore.” It wasn’t long after that when my dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when all of the ships stayed in, but not dad. He had a big family to feed.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
You don’t know what I would give to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek…to touch his rough old face…to __11__ the ocean on him…to feel his arm around my neck. I wish I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too __12__ for a goodbye kiss.”
(　　)1.A. take B．drive
C．watch D．rush
(　　)2.A. business B．career
C．project D．journey
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.A. repair B．scream
C．complaint D．disappear
(　　)4.A. laughing B．watching
C．performing D．playing
(　　)5.A. kiss B．say
C．hug D．send
(　　)6.A. usual B．common
C．daily D．sweet
(　　)7.A. head B．hand
C．cheek D．mouth
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.A. excited B．pleased
C．terrified D．bored
(　　)9.A. lights B．apologies
C．tears D．sorry
(　　)10.A. looked out B．looked up
C．looked around D．looked on
(　　)11.A. notice B．smell
C．sense D．feel
(　　)12.A. young B．old
C．shy D．late
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 父亲用他的方式表达着对“我”的爱。每次送我，都要和我吻别。12岁的时候，我突然对将要和我吻别的父亲说自己已经长大了，不需要任何形式的吻了，父亲伤心得泪水盈眶。然而一次意外，留给我无尽的后悔和遗憾……
1．B　由下文的that truck，以及As he would drive可以看出，这是爸爸用车送我去上学，所以选drive，意为：用车送。句意：当天气不好的时候，他就用车送我去上学。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
2．A　business表示一个人经常的，且赖以生活的职业。这里捕鱼，就是父亲赖以生活的职业，因此A符合语境。最大的干扰项是career，该词指某种经过特殊训练，而又为之献身的终生事业，带有崇高色彩。
3．D　从后面的“it seemed like everybody would be standing around”来看，由于这辆破车很差，噪音大，又冒着浓浓的黑烟，所以怕别人看到了笑话我，所以我就滑倒座位底下，希望自己消失。repair修理；scream尖叫；complaint抱怨。
4．B　我作为一个小孩子，担心被别人看到自己坐在一辆破车里，所以要用watch，如果把A项改为laughing at(嘲笑)也讲得通。perform表现；play玩。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
5．A　下文有原词复现：a goodbye kiss。句意：我12岁了，他总是和我吻别。
6．A　usual通常的；common普通的；daily日常的；sweet甜的。
7．B　我已决定不再让爸爸吻我，所以当他倾下身来的时候，我举起了手阻止他的嘴，故选hand。
8．C　因为父亲从未想到他对我这种爱的方式会使我如此的反感，对于突如其来的伸手阻止没有一点防备和心理准备，有点受惊，所以选terrified，意为“受惊吓的”。excited 兴奋的；pleased高兴的；bored无聊的，无趣的。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9．C　很显然，父亲很伤心，从后面的他转过身去，可以看出，他不想让我看到他眼睛里的泪水，所以选tears。意为“眼睛含着泪水”。
10．A　转过身去，往外看，所以要用look out。look up向上看(和turn不符)；look around环视(这里不是找东西或人，显然也不符合语境)；look on旁观，观看。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
11．B　notice注意到；smell闻；sense感觉到；feel触摸，感觉。海洋不可能在父亲的身上，打鱼回来，带来的只能是海洋的味道，所以选B项。
12．B　这里是对自己以前所做的蠢事的后悔，因为当时自己并没有长大，所以这里作者用了两个虚拟语气说：要是我当时已经长大了，我就不会对父亲说，我已经长大了，用不着吻别了。之后不久，父亲出海打鱼，再也没有回来。那样的话，父亲也不会伤心，我也不会留下遗憾。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
I lived a hard life when I was little. I was __1__ physically and mentally. Life as an adult was not better with a broken marriage. I tried to kill myself. But thankfully I was rescued by a teacher, and thanks to the help of the teacher, I__2__ my life.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
Today I am a reborn person, as founder of a home here in Sabah, Malaysia, and a general __3__ worker and social activist. At the age of 38, I left for Camphill, Aberdeen, Scotland, where I graduated as a medical educationist and a guidance doctor. When I was __4__ which university I graduated from before going to Camphill, my answer was the “University of Life”. I am now 61 years old and still active in my services for the __5__.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
My friends never have low opinions of anyone and always are careful of negative words that can __6__ a person’s life. I was laughed at being a mixed breed(类型), and I was told that I was a hopeless child, with no brains, yet today I am a public __7__， often sought for by various press media for my advice on various social __8__.
专题 一 │ 专题预测
For those who are __9__ some troubles in their life, never give up hope, because every event that happens in our life, whether it is good or horrible, teaches a__10__， from which we can learn something __11__. Help from friends makes us useful people. I hope my life story will __12__someone in need of help. If I can make it, you too can, even better than me.
(　　)1.A. abused B．treated
C．cursed D．struck
(　　)2.A. covered B．assisted
C．lost D．rebuilt
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.A. hard working B．well trained
C．educational D．social
(　　)4.A. demanded B．asked
C．required D．requested
(　　)5.A. wounded B．needy
C．injured D．handy
(　　)6.A. increase B．reduce
C．destroy D．fed
(　　)7.A. interest B．relation
C．scenery D．figure
专题 一 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.A. activities B．profits
C．problems D．dignities
(　　)9.A. looking through B．going through
C．looking into D．pulling off
(　　)10.A. class B．song
C．lesson D．image
(　　)11.A. negative B．positive
C．suitable D．beneficial
(　　)12.A. touch B．adapt
C．annoy D．resign
专题 一 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了作者的一生转变。一开始，作者受到身心虐待，差点自杀身亡。但是，一位老师救了他/她，并让他/她重生，成为一名著名的社会工作者。
1．A　考查动词辨析。此处需要填一个与下文破裂婚姻以及想自杀等语意一致的词语。abuse虐待，用在此处指“我”在身体和精神上受到虐待。treat款待，curse咒骂，strike撞击，都不符合语境及搭配。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
2．D　考查动词辨析。由上下文特别是下文的Today I am a reborn person可知，此处说的是“我重筑我的人生”，这也与全文的中心一致。
3．D　考查形容词辨析。由上下文特别是倒数第二段可知，“我”现在是一位社会(social)工作者和社会活动家。
4．B　考查动词辨析。由下半句my answer was…可知，此处说的是“当我被问及在去Camphill前我毕业于哪所大学时”。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
5．B　考查形容词辨析。the needy需要的人；the wounded伤员；the injured受伤者。
6．C
7．D　我被告知没有头脑，然而今天，我是一位公众人物，经常被各种新闻媒体追踪。被新闻媒体追踪，暗示“我是一位社会名人/公众人物”，故选择figure。
8．C　由上文知道“我”是混合型名人，是medical educationist and a guidance doctor，也是social worker and social activist，因此经常被各种媒体追踪征询各种社会问题的意见或建议。social problems社会问题。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9．B　go through some troubles经受一些磨难，符合搭配及语境。
10．C　teach (sb.) a lesson是固定搭配，意为“给(某人)一个教训”。
11．B　作者写作时使用积极上进的口吻来写本文。此处指从教训中吸取积极的东西。
12．A　这是作者对全文的总结。我希望我的一生的经历会触动需要帮助的人。touch触动，感动。
专题二　夹叙夹议文
专题 二 │夹叙夹议文
专题导读
专题 二 │ 专题导读
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1．事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2．观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
专题 二 │ 专题导读
3．观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
解题时，要做到：
1．读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，它暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确地利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的。
2．感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。
真题再现
专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·全国Ⅰ改编]
It was a busy morning, about 8：30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for a appointment(约会) at 9：30.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
The nurse had him take a __1__ in the waiting area, __2__ him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him. I saw him looking at his watch and decided, since I was not busy—my patient didn’t __3__ at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
The gentleman said no and told me that he __4__ to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his wife. He told me that she had been __5__ for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be __6__ if he was a bit late. He replied that she no longer knew who he was, that she had not been able to __7__ him for five years now. I was __8__， and asked him, “And you still go every morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are？”
专题 二 │ 真题再现
He smiled and said, “She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back __9__ as he left.
Now I realize that in marriages, true love is __10__ of all that is. The happiest people don’t __11__ have the best of everything; they just try the best of everything they have. __12__ isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A. breath　　　　 B．test
C．seat D．break
(　　)2.A. persuading B．promising
C．understanding D．telling
(　　)3.A. turn up B．show off
C．come on D．go away
(　　)4.A. needed B．forgot
C．agreed D．happened
(　　)5.A. late B．well
C．around D．There
(　　)6.A. lonely B．worried
C．doubtful D．hungry
专题 二 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.A. recognize B．answer
C．believe D．expect
(　　)8.A. moved B．disappointed
C．surprised D．satisfied
(　　)9.A. curiosity B．tears
C．words D．judgment
(　　)10.A. agreement B．expression
C．acceptance D．exhibition
(　　)11.A. necessarily B．completely
C．naturally D．frequently
(　　)12.A. Adventure B．Beauty
C．Trust D．Life
专题 二 │ 真题再现
1．C　in the waiting area暗示护士请老人就坐，即take a seat。
2．D　护士让他在候诊室坐下，告诉他在给他看病之前至少要等40分钟。persuade劝说，说明；promise承诺，许诺；understand理解。故D项tell符合上下文文意。
3．A　turn up出现，露面；show off炫耀；come on来吧，快点；go away走开。
4．A　老人说他需要到养老院和妻子一起吃早餐。need to do sth需要做某事。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
5．D　妻子在养老院那儿已经住了一段时间。
6．B　我询问如果他去晚了，妻子是否担忧他。
7．A　下文“even though she doesn’t know who you are”说明妻子失去判断力，认不出自己的丈夫。
8．C　对此我感到非常惊讶。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
9．B　他离开时，我强忍自己的泪水。我太感动了。
10．C　在婚姻中，真正相爱就是接受现存的一切，包括妻子生病不能辨认自己。
11．A　最幸福的人并不必要拥有一切。necessarily必要地；completely完全地；naturally自然地；frequently频繁地。
12．D　人生的真谛并不是如何经历暴风雨，而是雨中舞蹈，展示真实的自己。
专题预测
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop. I thought the job would be easy and stress free. I__1__ myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts(炸酱面), and becoming friends with regular customers.
I wasn’t expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who__2__ that the coffee was much too creamy (含乳脂的), or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached perfection. I couldn’t seem to __3__ anyone.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
One rainy day, one of my regular customers came in looking upset. He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years. I knew exactly how he __4__.
Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He was__5__， since he hasn’t ordered anything but coffee. I had given him his favorite type of doughnut.
“It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
He smiled and __6__me before heading back out into the rain.
The next day, it was still raining. I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders. I was completely __7__ and freezing cold. Worse, no one was __8__ that night. Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more depressed.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window. He handed me a pink rose and a __9__. He said that not many people took time to __10__ others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world. With a __11__ wave, he drove away.
I ran to the back of the shop and read the note. It read：
Christine，
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday. It is so nice to meet someone who’s genuinely nice. Please don’t change our ways! Have a great day!
—Hank
After that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I __12__ Hank and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you？”
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. pictured B．taught
C．saw D．felt
(　　)2.A. provided B．complained
C．suggested D．showed
(　　)3.A. control B．please
C．know D．understand
(　　)4.A. got B．became
C．grew D．felt
(　　)5.A. surprised B．happy
C．satisfied D．sad
(　　)6.A. helped B．thanked
C．asked D．found
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.A. tired B．worried
C．wet D．disappointed
(　　)8.A. tipping B．helping
C．coming D．waiting
(　　)9.A. paper B．book
C．note D．pen
(　　)10.A. help with B．take care
C．look out D．care about
(　　)11.A. friendly B．lonely
C．lively D．lovely
(　　)12.A. thought of B．reminded of
C．approved of D．informed of
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 一个不经意的善举，一颗知恩感恩的心，就会让温馨和真情如火花般蔓延，温暖世界的每个角落。
1．A　考查动词辨析。后面是作者对自己工作生活的美好想象。所以选picture，在这里是动词，意思为“想象，描绘”。
2．B　考查语境化选词。从下文的“or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again.”看出女顾客们在抱怨。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3．B　考查语境化选词。从上文顾客的抱怨，看出作者不能使顾客高兴。please意思是“取悦”，符合题意。
4．D　考查动词辨析。此处指作者很了解这个顾客的感受。
5．A　考查语境化选词。从下文的“since he hasn’t ordered anything but coffee”看出，这个顾客感到吃惊。
6．B　考查语境化选词。从上文的I had given him his favorite type of doughnut. “It’s on me，” I told him. “Have a nice day.” He smiled…看，顾客是感谢作者的，故用thanked。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
7．C　考查语境化选词。既然是下雨天，作者在忙又，由I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders”，可知选C。
8．A　考查语境化选词。从作者浑身湿透，和句中一词Worse“更糟的”，还有文中的“Every time I looked into our empty tip jar”都可看出，是没有得到小费。tip是动词，意思是“给小费”。
9．C　考查语境化选词。从下文的I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.找到答案。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
10．D　考查动词短语辨析。help with 帮助；take care当心；look out当心； care about关心。从文章的上下文看，应该是关心，故选D。
11．A　考查语境化选词。从上文的He handed me a pink rose and a __9__. He said that not many people took time to __10__ others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.看出，这个顾客应该是友好的。
12．A　考查动词短语辨析。think of想起； remind of提醒；approve of赞成；inform of通知。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
The professor stood before his class of 30 senior molecular(分子的) biology students, about to pass out the final exam. “I have been honored to be your instructor this semester, and I know how __1__ you have all worked to prepare for this test. I also know most of you are off to medical school or grad school next fall，” he said to them.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
“I am __2__ aware of how much pressure you are under to keep your GPAs (平均成绩) up, and because I know you are all __3__ of understanding this material, I am prepared to offer an automatic ‘B’ to anyone who would prefer not to __4__ the final.”
The relief was audible(听得见的) as a number of students jumped up to thank the professor and __5__ the class.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
The professor looked at the handful of students who remained, and offered again, “Any other takers This is your last __6__.”
One more student decided to go.
There are seven students left. The professor closed the door and took attendance. Then he __7__the final exam.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
There were two sentences typed on the paper: Congratulations, you have just received an “A” in this class. Keep believe in yourself.
I never had a professor who gave a test like that. It may seem like the__8__ way out of grading a bunch of exams, but it’s a __9__ that any teacher in any discipline(学科) could and should give. Students who don’t have __10__ in what they’ve learned are “B” students at best.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
The same is true for students of real life. The “A” students are those who believe in what they’re doing because they’ve learned from both successes and__11__. They’ve absorbed life’s lessons, whether from formal education or the school of hard knocks, and become better people.
Take your cue(榜样) from Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to __12__ the summit of Qomolangma: “It’s not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves.” Don’t let the biggest limit be yourself.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)1.A. easily B．hard
C．fully D．completely
(　　)2.A. very B．good
C．well D．badly
(　　)3.A. afraid B．capable
C．brave D．active
(　　)4.A. end B．begin
C．get D．take
(　　)5.A. entered B．left
C．attended D．closed
(　　)6.A. gift B．problem
C．opportunity D．paper
专题 二 │ 专题预测
(　　)7.A. handed in B．prepared for
C．went over D．handed out
(　　)8.A. difficult B．reason
C．strange D．easy
(　　)9.A. experience B．experiment
C．test D．method
(　　)10.A. encouragement B．confidence
C．determination D．strength
(　　)11.A. beliefs B．confidence
C．encouragement D．failures
(　　)12.A. reach B．climb
C．like D．watch
专题 二 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 文章通过教授对学生一次考试的描述，告诫学生要自信，相信自己，不要让自己成为成功的绊脚石。
1．B　考查语境化选词。从下文的you have all worked to prepare for this test看出，学生是努力准备考试的。
2．C　考查形容词的修饰语。aware用well来修饰。
3．B　考查语境化选词。从上文的I am __2__ aware of how much pressure you are under to keep your GPAs (平均成绩) up，看，教授相信学生有能力理解这材料的。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
4．D　考查固定搭配。take the final“参加期末考试”。
5．B　考查语境化选词。从上文的a number of students jumped up to thank the professor看出答案。
6．C　考查语境化选词。从上下文看，应该是最后的机会。
7．D　考查固定搭配。hand out the final exam分发期末试卷。
8．D　考查语境化选词。从上文的老师直接给学生打分看，方法很简单。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
9．C　考查语境化选词。从下文的that any teacher in any discipline(学科) could and should give看出答案。
10．B　考查语境化选词。教授一直在说自信。
11．D　考查语境化选词。与前面的successes对应。
12．A　考查固定搭配。reach the summit of Qomolangma 到达珠穆朗玛峰的山顶。
专题三　议论文
专题 三 │议论文
专题导读
专题 三 │ 专题导读
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：
1．开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。
专题 三 │ 专题导读
2．导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
3．最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。
真题再现
专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2009·福建改编]
Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how their grandfather, a banker, __1__ all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times when their strong minded grandfather was nearly __2__， he loaded his family into the car and took them to see family members in Canada with a __3__，“there are more important things in life than money. ”
专题 三 │ 真题再现
The __4__ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a __5__ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was__6__ that his children，a daughter, 15, and twin sons, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t. Instead, their reaction echoed (共鸣) their great grandfather’s. What they __7__ was how warm the people were in the house and how much of their heart was accessible.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children through hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __8__ in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals.
A university __9__ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to __10__ parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
The trick is telling the stories in a way children can __11__. We’re not talking here about the kind of story that begins, “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s __12__ , and make eye contact to create “a personal experience”. We don’t have to tell children what they should take from the story and what the moral is.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)1.A. missed　　　　　B．lost
C．forgot D．ignored
(　　)2.A. friendless B．worthless
C．penniless D．homeless
(　　)3.A. hope B．promise
C．suggestion D．belief
(　　)4.A. tale B．agreement
C．arrangement D．report
(　　)5.A. large B．small
C．new D．grand
(　　)6.A. surprised B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．worried
专题 三 │ 真题再现
(　　)7.A. talked about B．cared about
C．wrote about D．heard about
(　　)8.A. argument B．skill
C．interest D．anxiety
(　　)9.A. study B．design
C．committee D．staff
(　　)10.A. provide B．retell
C．support D．refuse
(　　)11.A. perform B．write
C．hear D．question
(　　)12.A. needs B．activities
C．judgments D．habits
专题 三 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 文章通过Stephen Guyer给他的三个孩子讲述他们祖父艰苦创业的故事而引起孩子们的共鸣的例子说明了一个观点：给孩子们讲故事时，要注意满足孩子们的需要，还要注意眼神的交流，采用孩子们易于接受的形式，并不要出现说教。
1．B　考查动词辨析。根据后一句中的动词lose可知此处选B。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
2．C　考查形容词辨析。penniless身无分文的。根据前文的darkest times，以及下文对当时情况的描述“there are more important things in life than money”可知此处选C。如果不注意分析下文的语境，就会误以为他们一家已经无家可归而不得不乘车去找家里的其他人而误选homeless(无家可归的)。friendless 没有友谊的，无依无靠的； worthless 没有价值的。
3．D　考查名词辨析。由语境可知，当时他们已经身无分文了，所以可以推断出所填词意思是信念(belief)。也就是下文所说的“there are more important things in life than money”。hope希望；promise诺言；suggestion建议。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
4．A　考查语境化选词。这里就是指的上文所说的故事，所以用tale，也可以由文章首句得到启示，故选A。agreement同意，协议；arrangement安排；report报告。
5．B　考查语境化选词。根据downsize可知此处选B。句意为：Mr. Guyer从一个很贵、舒适的大房子搬到一个小房子里。
6．D　考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于搬到小房子之后，生活条件的落差很大，他担心(worried)他15岁的女儿和22岁的双胞胎儿子会沮丧，故选D。surprise吃惊； annoy 恼怒；disappoint失望。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
7．B　考查动词短语辨析。 talk about谈论，讨论；care about 注意，关心；write about写关于……的事；hear about 听说。由句意可知此处选B。
8．C　考查名词辨析。 前文提到讲述家人以前的故事的积极作用，所以这里的意思是：故事专家们说这种现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事产生越来越大的兴趣，故选C。argument 辩论； skill技巧；anxiety焦虑。
9．A　考查名词辨析。study研究。下文介绍的是研究的结果，所以这里的意思是：一所大学对于65个有14到16岁孩子的家庭的研究发现，能复述父辈故事的孩子们易怒和焦虑的概率相对较低。design 设计；committee 委员会；staff全体员工。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
10．B　考查动词辨析。retell复述。句意见上一题。provide 提供； support支持；refuse拒绝。
11．C　考查动词辨析。句子意思是：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能听的方式来讲。
12．A　考查固定搭配。suited可以推断出此处选A；suit one’s needs满足某人的需要。句意为：我们讲这些故事应该满足孩子们的需要，并且注意目光接触，也没有必要告诉他们应该从故事中学到什么(这样才会有效果)。
专题预测
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(一)
When Winston Churchill was a young man, his father concluded that Churchill was “unfit for a career in law or politics” because he did so badly in school.
When Charles Darwin was getting ready to __1__ on his five year expedition on The Beagle, his father was extremely __2__.He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
George Washington’s mother was a complaining, self centered woman by all accounts. She thought little of Washington’s achievements and didn’t __3__ at either of his presidential inaugurations(就职典礼). She was always complaining that her __4__ overlooked her and she was especially angry when her son George ran off to command the army for the American Revolution. She __5__ believed it was his duty to stay home and take care of her.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
In his youth, the late Leonard Bernstein, one of the most talented and successful composers in American history, was continually pressured by his father to give up his __6__ and do something worthwhile, like helping out in his family’s beauty supply business. After Leonard became __7__， his father was asked about that, and he answered, “Well, how was I supposed to know he was the Leonard Bernstein？”
专题 三 │ 专题预测
People may criticize you or make fun of your ideas or actively try to __8__ you. Often their efforts are only attempts to protect you from failure. But obviously failure is only a possibility if you stop. If you keep __9__， a “failure” is just another learning __10__. Besides, giving up on a heartfelt goal is worse than failing. “Many people die”， said Wendell Holmes, “With their music still in them.” That’s a true tragedy.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
So listen __11__ to the worries and criticisms of your friends and family, and do your best to put their minds at ease, but then carry on. Listen last to your own heart. You __12__ yourself better than anyone on earth. Make sure your song is sung.
(　　)1.A. set sail B．take charge
C．set free D．take off
(　　)2.A. excited B．pleased
C．disappointed D．scared
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)3.A. show off B．show up
C．help out D．pick up
(　　)4.A. parents B．neighbors
C．students D．children
(　　)5.A. foolishly B．secretly
C．bravely D．honestly
(　　)6.A. strength B．music
C．wealth D．faith
(　　)7.A. proud B．steady
C．independent D．famous
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(　　)8.A. advise B．suggest
C．stop D．keep
(　　)9.A. stopping B．starting
C．going D．coming
(　　)10.A. method B．experiment
C．schedule D．experience
(　　)11.A. politely B．rudely
C．shallowly D．roughly
(　　)12.A. trust B．believe
C．know D．doubt
专题 三 │ 专题预测
【文章大意】 文章通过丘吉尔、华盛顿、达尔文等人被家人不遗余力试图阻止从事自己喜欢的事业，但他们依然坚持下来，最终达到了自己事业的顶峰的故事，告诉我们：我们也不能一味听从他人，而忽视自己内心的想法。因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。
1．A　考查动词短语辨析。由常识并结合语境可知，达尔文乘他的小猎犬号船进行了五年的探险，所以应该选set sail，意为“张帆， 开航”。take charge负责，管理；set free释放；take off起飞，脱下。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
2．C　考查形容词辨析。由下文的He thought his son was falling into a life of sin and idleness父亲对他非常失望。所以选disappointed，意为“失望的”。
3．B　考查动词短语辨析。show up现身，出现。句意为：她瞧不起华盛顿的成就，也没有出席他儿子的两次总统就职大典。show off 炫耀；help out 帮助摆脱困境；pick up捡起，偶然获得，(用车)接某人。
4．D　考查名词辨析。由语境可知，这里讲的是她和孩子们的关系，所以应该选children，下文的son也有提示。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
5．D　考查副词辨析。她是根据老人传统的观点产生的想法，所以应该选honestly，意为“诚实地，如实地”。句意为：她坦承地认为，待在家里照顾她才是他的职责所在。foolishly愚笨地，无聊地； secretly 秘密地；bravely勇敢地。
6．B　考查名词辨析。由前文的composers(作曲家)可以看出， 他所热爱的是音乐(music)。
7．D　考查形容词辨析。由that(指的是他父亲反对他学音乐这件事)以及他父亲的答语(当时我怎么知道他就是雷昂纳德·伯恩斯坦？)来看，这是雷昂纳德·伯恩斯坦成名后的事情。故选famous。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
8．C　考查动词辨析。该部分是对前面所举例子的议论。前面所举的几个例子都是父/母试图阻止孩子们做自己喜欢的事情，因此该空选stop，意为“阻止”。句意为：人们可能会批评你，嘲笑你的想法或者不遗余力试图阻止你。通常他们这样做只是想让你免受失败之苦。但只有当你停下来时你才可能失败，如果你继续前行，“失败”则只是另一种学习经验。而且，放弃自己内心深处的渴望要比失败更糟糕。
9．C　考查动词辨析。很显然，这里表达的意思是：不受外界阻力的干扰，继续做自己喜欢做的事情，也就是自己的梦想，所以选going，意为“进行”。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
10．D　考查名词辨析。experience 经历；method方法；experiment实验；schedule时间表，计划表。
11．A　考查副词辨析。politely 有礼貌地，客气地。上文告诉我们，家人和朋友阻止我们是担心我们失败，因此，我们既要为了自己的梦想而拼搏，又得让他们放心，所以应该有礼貌地倾听他们的担心和批评。
12．C　考查动词辨析。know知道，了解。句意为：最终还是要听从自己内心的想法，因为你比世界上任何人都了解自己。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
(二)
Do Americans have morals That’s a good question. Moral values in America are like those in any culture.
专题 三 │ 专题预测
One of the most __1__ moral values for Americans is honesty. The well known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree tea