牛津译林版（2019）Unit 2 Natural disasters Grammar & usage（共28张PPT）

(共30张PPT)
Unit
2
Natural
disasters
Grammar
and
usage
Grammar
and
usage
1.
What
kind
of
natural
disasters
are
connected
with
a
strong
storm?
Typhoon,
hurricane,
tornado
...
2.
What
should
people
do
during
a
strong
storm?
Stay
inside
and
close
and
lock
all
the
windows
and
doors.
Listen
to
the
radio
to
keep
informed
of
what
is
going
on
...
Lead-in
A
Exploring
the
rules
Read
the
dialogue
on
Page
20
and
answer
the
following
questions.
1.
How
did
Mr
Li
know
that
the
hurricane
was
coming?
2.
What
made
Mr
Li
scared
during
the
hurricane?
A
Exploring
the
rules
1.
How
did
Mr
Li
know
that
the
hurricane
was
coming?
From
the
local
news
on
TV.
2.
What
made
Mr
Li
scared
during
the
hurricane?
The
power
failure.
Read
the
passage
on
Page
20,
underline
the
sentences
with
to-infinitive
and
fill
them
in
the
table
according
to
the
different
functions.
To-infinitives
as
attributives
To-infinitives
as
adverbials
of
result
I
was
staying
in
Atlanta,
and
that
was
one
of
the
cities
to
be
hit.
That
morning,
I
turned
on
the
TV
for
some
local
news,
only
to
hear
that
a
hurricane
was
on
its
way.
The
roads
were
blocked,
so
there
was
nothing
for
me
to
do
but
stay
inside.
I
had
enough
food
and
water
to
last
a
whole
week!
…
I
looked
out
of
the
window,
only
to
see
huge
trees
lying
across
the
street
and
water
everywhere!
A
Exploring
the
rules
When
the
to-infintive
is
used
as
an
attributive,
it
is
often
put
(before/after)
the
noun
or
pronoun
it
modifies.
When
the
to-infintive
is
used
as
an
adverbial
of
result,
it
can
refer
to
an
__________
(expected/unexpected)
result.
In
this
case,
we
often
use
only
before
the
to-infinitive.
after
unexpected
B
Working
out
the
rules
1.To
see
you
is
my
pleasure.
2.I
want
to
see
you.
3.I
want
him
to
see
you.
4.My
hope
is
to
see
you.
5.He
is
the
man
to
see
you.
6.I’m
glad
to
see
you.
7.I
went
to
see
you.
8.He
went
so
early
as
to
see
you
（作主语）
(作宾语）
（作宾补）
(作表语）
（作定语）
（作原因状语）
（作目的状语）
（作结果状语）
一、Explore
the
function
of
the
to-infinitives
in
the
sentences?
Practice:
判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分
1.
I
went
to
the
annual
earthquake
workshop
to
learn
some
safety
tips.
2.
The
authorities
told
the
local
people
to
stay
inside
when
the
typhoon
arrived.
3.
They
arrived
at
the
airport
only
to
find
the
flight
had
been
cancelled
due
to
the
snowstorm.
4.
Before
we
returned
home,
the
flood
damage
needed
to
be
repaired
5.
This
was
the
last
city
to
be
cleared
of
people
before
the
volcano
erupted.
1.
作目的状语
2.
作宾语补足语
3.
作结果状语
4.
作宾语
5.
作定语
二、动词不定式的基本结构
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
无
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
无
Lead
in
三、不定式的句法功能：
1.
作主语：一般表示具体的某次动作。
1)不定式作主语时，谓语用单数：
To
do
such
things
is
foolish.
2)主系表结构：
To
see
is
to
believe.
3)当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：
(1)It
is/was
+adj.+(of
sb.)
to
do…（如
good/
kind/
nice/
clever/
foolish/
selfish…）
(2)It
is
+adj.+(for
sb.)+to
do…（如easy
/
difficult
/
hard
/
unwise
/
possible/
necessary…）
Presentation
(3)It
is
+a/an
+名词+
to
do...（如a
pity/
a
shame
/
a
pleasure
/one’s
duty
/
an
honor
…）
(4)It
takes
(sb.)
some
time
…to
do…
2.
作表语：常表示将来的动作或状态。
如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，
purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的
内容做具体说明作用。
His
wish
is
________
(buy)
a
car
in
the
near
future.
to
buy
It
is
a
great
enjoyment
________
(spend
)
our
holiday
in
the
mountains
to
spend
Her
wish
is
to
become
a
lawyer.
3.
作宾语：下列动词ask,
agree,
choose,
demand,
decide,
expect,
fail,
hope,
learn,
manage,
offer,
plan,
pretend,
promise,
refuse,
afford,
want,
wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语。
①
I
can’t
afford
________
(buy)
a
car.
②Have
you
learnt
__________
(drive)
a
car?
③The
stranger
offered
_________
(show)
me
the
way.
④
Mr
Smith
asked
__________
(send)
to
serve
in
the
army.
⑤The
patient
desired
_________(tell)
the
truth.
to
buy
to
drive
to
show
to
be
sent
to
be
told
Presentation
注意:
1)某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,
但意义不同:
stop/
go
on/
remember/
forget/
regret/
try/
mean
stop
to
do
与
stop
doing
mean
to
do
与
mean
doing
forget
to
do
与
forget
doing/having
done
regret
to
do
与
regret
doing/having
done
2)某些及物动词think,
believe,
consider,
feel,
find,
make等后常用it作形式宾语（6123句型）。
Language
points
1.The
teacher
is
coming,
let’s
stop
_________
(talk).
2.She
tried
_________
(read),
but
couldn’t
make
her
forget
her
trouble.
3.He
forgot
even
________
(write)
to
me,
so
he
wrote
another
one.
4.I
remember
_______
(bring)
the
book
to
you
last
week.
5.I
regret
________
(tell)
that
we
can’t
take
your
advice.
6.We
think
____
important
______
obey
the
law.
7.I
know
_____
impossible
_____
finish
so
much
homework
in
a
day.
talking
reading
writing
bringing
to
tell
it
it
to
to
4．作定语：不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事
②当名词被the
first,
the
last,
the
only,
the
very,
the
next等词以及形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。
She
is
always
the
first_________
(come)
and
the
last
________(leave).
①
something,
anything,
nothing,
everything等复合不定代词常用不
定式作后置定语。
I
have
something
______
(tell)
you.
to
come
to
leave
to
tell
The
meeting
________
(hold)
tomorrow
is
very
important.
to
be
held
With
a
lot
of
homework
________
(finish),
the
sleepy
boy
can’t
go
to
sleep
as
he
wishes.
to
finish
③
抽象名词time,
way,
ability,
reason,
chance,
courage,
opportunity,
plan,
wish,
right,
effort,
failure,
attempt,
promise,
decision等后用不定式作后置定语。
You
still
have
a
chance
______
(win)
the
game.
④如果不定式是不及物动词,
则后面加适当的介词。
Please
pass
me
some
paper
to
write
_____.
to
win
on
Excuse
me，could
I
use
your
pen
for
a
moment？
I
have
no
pen
to
write
______.
with
5.作状语
表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
I
came
here
to
see
you．
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news．
He
hurried
to
the
school
only
to
find
nobody
there
.
To
look
at
him，you
would
like
him．
(目的)
(原因)
(结果)
(条件)
1）不定式做目的状语，相当于用in
order
to，so
as
to（不放句首）引导的目的状语。
The
doctor
did
everything
he
could
_______
(save)
the
patient.
Every
minute
is
made
full
use
of
________
(study)
our
lessons.
to
save
to
study
___________the
first
bus,
he
got
up
early.
To
catch
up
2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough
to，only
to，never
to，so
+
形容词/副词
+
as
to，too...to
引导。
Would
you
be
so
kind
as
to
step
this
way,
please?
I
tried
the
door,
only
to
find
it
locked
inside.
He
is
brave
enough
to
go
out
alone
at
night
.
He
hurried
to
the
station,
only
to
find
the
train
had
left.
3)不定式做原因状语主要用于表示情感或性格特征的形容词后，
如：glad,
sorry,
happy,
eager,
lucky,
fortunate,
willing,
angry,
foolish等。
After
the
strong
storm,
we
were
very
amazed
to
see
that
our
house
was
in
good
condition
and
our
grandparents
were
very
delighted
to
know
that
we
were
safe
and
sound.
6.作宾语补足语
如：tell
sb.to
do
sth
(不定式与宾语之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系)
advise
,allow
,ask
beg,
cause,expect
encourage
,force
get,
tell,
invite
order,
wish,?
want,
warn
,remind
promise
,permit
persuade
,request…
sb.
to
do
see
watch
look
at
hear
listen
to
feel
notice
observe
+
sb.
do
doing
done
make
let
have
？
sb.
+
The
lady
was
watched
___________
(leave)
her
room
silence.
He
made
the
boy
_________
(clean)
room.
Did
you
notice
anyone
__________
(enter)
my
room?
Though
he
had
often
made
his
little
sister______
(cry),
today
he
was
made
_______
(cry)
by
his
little
sister.
to
leave
clean
enter
cry
to
cry
1.
不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生
用一般时态
1)
He
wanted
________
(see)
you.
2)
I
hope
________(see)
you
again.
2.
强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态
When
I
came
in,
he
pretended
(read)
a
book.
3.
强调
不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时
He
is
said
_________________
(write)
a
novel
last
year.
4.
强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去时，
用完成进行式
She
is
said
(work)
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
to
see
to
see
to
be
reading
to
have
written
to
have
been
working
四、不定式的各种时态用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态
It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
invited
to
speak
here
.
She
asked
______________
(send)
to
work
in
Tibet
.
The
book
is
said
________________________
(translate)
into
English.
to
be
sent
to
have
been
translated
五、不定式被动语态的用法
1.
Tom
happened
___________
(pass)
by
when
they
spoke
ill
of
him.
2.
We
all
hope
_________
(become)
scientists.
3.
We
all
want
_______
(take)
part
in
the
sports
meet.
4.
I
happened
__________
(read)
the
article
when
he
asked
me
about
it.
5.
He
pretended
______
(be)
a
driver.
6.
When
the
father
came
home,
the
naughty
boy
pretended
_________
(do)
his
homework.
to
be
passing
to
become
to
take
to
have
read
to
be
to
be
doing
7.
He
is
said
to
_________
(write)
a
novel
now.
be
writing
Practice:
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
words
given.
8.
He
is
said
_____________
(send)
to
London
already.
9.
She
is
said
_________
(meet)
a
fairy
one
day.
10.
Alice
is
said
_________
(do)
her
homework
in
her
own
room
now.
to
have
been
sent
to
have
met
to
be
doing
六、Homework
用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。
1.
It’s
an
honour
for
me
____________(ask)
to
deliver
a
speech
at
the
meeting.
2.
We
found
them
__________
(work)
hard
all
the
time.
3.
I
don’t
like
myself
___________(praise)
like
that.
4.
She
was
glad
__________________(give)
a
chance
to
visit
this
beautiful
city.
5.
I
am
sorry
___________(keep)
you
waiting
so
long.
6.
This
poem
is
said
___________________(translate)
into
English
already.
7.
After
graduation
he
asked
_____________
(send)
to
work
in
the
countryside.
to
be
asked
working
to
be
praised
to
have
been
given
to
have
kept
to
have
been
translated
to
be
sent
8.
The
computer
is
difficult
_________(control).
9.
She
has
a
slight
headache
now.
She
seems
_____________
(catch)a
cold.
10.
I
am
going
to
have
the
orphan_____(live)
with
me
soon.
11.
They
did
nothing
but
_______(play)bridge
the
whole
day.
12.
We
failed
_______(get)
him_________(come)
to
the
party.
13.
What
I’d
like
________(do)
first
is
_______(read)today’s
newspaper.
14.
Who
is
_________(blame)?
15.
The
dog
ought______________
(feed)
hours
ago.
to
control
to
have
caught
live
play
to
get
to
come
to
do
(to)
read
to
blame
to
have
been
fed
16.
The
books
are
not
allowed
_________
(take)out
of
the
room.
17.
He
preferred
to
die
rather
than
______(give)
in.
to
be
taken
give
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