2020-2021学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册单元测试卷
Unit
8
一、阅读理解
1.???
The
day
will
come
when
renewable
energy
such
as
wind,
solar,
geothermal
and
others
replace
fossil
fuels
as
the
major
source
of
world
energy.
However,
most
analysts
insist
that
this
day
will
not
arrive
for?many
years
to
come—certainly
well
past
the
middle
of
the
century.
Systems
of
fossil
fuels
have
already
been
firmly
set
up,
and
it
is
too
costly
or
impractical
to
replace
the
existing
systems
with
renewables.
But
there
are
good
reasons
to
believe
that
the
transition
(转变)
to
renewables
will
come
much
faster
than
previously
thought.
???
It
is
hardly
surprising
that
many
experts
say
we
will
see
a
relatively
slow
transition
from
fossil
fuels
to
renewables,
given
what
is
known
about
previous
energy
changes
of
this
sort.
"Energy
transitions
take
a
long
time,"
observed
Vaclav
Smil
of
the
University
of
Manitoba
in
Scientific
American.
It
took
more
than
50
years
for
coal
to
replace
wood
as
the
world's
leading
source
of
energy
and
another
50
years
for
oil
to
replace
coal;
the
change
from
fossil
fuels
to
renewables,
he
argued,
is
not
likely
to
come
any
faster.
???
Under
ordinary
circumstances,
Smil's
forecast
would
no
doubt
prove
accurate.
But
these
are
not
ordinary
times.
Growing
concern
over
climate
change
is
leading
to
increasingly
strict
controls
on
CO2
and
other
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions(排放),
while
the
development
in
renewables
technology
is
lowering
their
price
and
speeding
their
installation.
???
There
are,
of
course,
many
difficulties
in
the
effective
control
of
carbon
emissions,
as
demonstrated
by
coal
companies
to
block
the
introduction
of
new
rules
by
the
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Nevertheless,
it
is
impossible
to
dismiss
the
progress
being
made
at
the
local
and
international
levels
to
promote
the
use
of
renewables.
The
European
Union
(EU),
for
example,
is
well
on
the
way
to
achieving
a
20%
reduction
in
GHG
emissions
from
1990
levels
by
2020,
along
with
a
20%
increase
in
the
use
of
renewable
energy.
???
The
transition
to
renewables
will
be
faster
due
to
dramatic
improvements
in
the
pricing
and
performance
of
such
systems.
As
a
result
of
the
steady
increases
in
the
efficiency
of
wind
and
solar
systems,
together
with
the
savings
achieved
through
large-scale
manufacture,
the
price
of
renewables
is
falling
globally.
With
prices
dropping
this
fast,
solar
energy
is
now
proving
competitive
with
fossil
fuels
for
generating
electricity
in
many
areas.
???
The
change
from
fossil
fuels
to
renewable
energy
will
not
come
overnight,
and
it
will
not
escape
many
setbacks.
Nevertheless,
renewables
are
likely
to
replace
fossil
fuels
as
the
main
source
of
electrical
power
well
before
mid-century.
1.Vaclav
Smil
believes
that
___________.
A.renewable
energies
are
not
very
practical
B.the
change
to
renewables
will
come
slowly
C.systems
of
fossil
fuels
have
been
firmly
set
up
D.there
are
many
setbacks
of
renewable
energies
2.We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
European
Union
___________.
A.has
cut
down
half
of
the
carbon
emissions
B.has
failed
to
find
a
way
to
reduce
GHG
emissions
C.is
trying
their
best
to
encourage
the
use
of
renewables
D.tries
to
stop
the
introduction
of
new
rules
on
renewables
3.The
renewables
are
more
competitive
because
of
__________.
A.their
falling
prices
B.the
decline
in
coal
industry
C.international
trade
D.the
new
rules
on
CO2
emission
4.The
author
writes
this
passage
in
order
to
____________.
A.call
on
people
to
use
less
fossil
fuels
B.give
advice
on
how
to
promote
renewables
C.argue
that
the
energy
transition
will
come
sooner
D.prove
the
renewables
will
be
the
major
source
of
energy
2.The
Life
Cycle
of
a
T-shirt
???
We
all
probably
have
a
lot
of
T-shirts,
but
do
you
ever
stop
and
think
about
the
influence
of
a
T-shirt
on
the
planet?
You'd
probably
be
surprised
to
learn
what's
involved
in
the
life
cycle
of
just
one
T-shirt.
???
There
are
5
major
stages:
material,
production,
shipping,
use
and
disposal.
The
material
stage
involves
farming,
irrigating,
fertilising
and
harvesting,
etc.
While
cotton
is
a
natural
fibre
(纤维制品)
and
not
as
harmful
to
the
environment
as
man-made
fibres,
it
still
takes
a
toll
in
the
material
and
production
stages.
Commercial
cotton
farming
uses
a
large
amount
of
water,
and
the
use
of
pesticides(杀虫剂)
is
widespread
across
the
globe,
especially
in
cotton
farming.
Studies
have
shown
that
farmers
spend
around
$4.1
billion
on
pesticides
annually,
of
which
25%
was
spent
on
cotton
crops
in
the
US.
???
Once
the
cotton
is
grown
and
harvested,
so
begins
the
production
stage:
spinning,
knitting(编织),
bleaching,
dyeing,
cutting,
sewing,
etc.
—these
processes
also
use
a
great
deal
of
water
and
energy.
Commercial
dyes
and
bleaches
are
harmful
pollutants
and
can
eventually
pollute
groundwater.
???
After
the
T-shirt
is
produced,
it
enters
the
transportation
stage.
This
often
involves
overseas
shipping.
Take
a
look
in
your
closet.
Chances
are
that
most
of
your
cotton
garments
(衣服)
are
made
in
China
or
India.
Garments
can
be
shipped
via
plane,
ship
or
truck...,
all
of
which
spill
CO2
into
the
atmosphere.
Calculations
show
that
CO2
emissions
from
light
trucks
alone
amount
to
1.15
pounds
per
mile.
???
Once
the
T-shirt
reaches
the
retail
market,
it
is
purchased.
This
stage
may
seem
like
the
least
environmentally
damaging
part.
But
consider
the
number
of
times
you've
washed
and
dried
your
favourite
T-shirt.
Washing
machines
are
certainly
becoming
more
efficient.
However,
the
average
American
household
does
400
loads
of
laundry
per
year,
using
about
40
gallons
of
water
per
load.
Such
excessive
water
use
is
combined
with
the
large
amount
of
energy
used
by
dryers.
???
The
final
stage
of
life
is
disposal.
This
releases
harmful
emissions,
or
involves
a
landfill
where
cotton
takes
years
to
break
down.
Current
US
records
show
that
an
estimated
15%
of
clothes
and
shoes
are
recycled,
which
means
that
consumers
send
a
shocking
85%
of
these
materials
to
landfills.
???
We
all
need
new
clothes
every
once
in
a
while,
but
let's
all
try
to
keep
in
mind
what
goes
into
the
production
of
clothing.
It
has
a
real
impact
on
the
planet.
???
There
are
a
lot
of
things
you
can
do
to
help
reduce
your
impact.
Reuse
and
recycle
clothes.
If
they're
too
worn
out
to
wear,
cut
them
up
and
use
them
as
cleaning
rags.
Donate
them
to
charity
or
another
organisation
that
recycles
textiles.
When
possible,
make
an
effort
to
buy
organic
cotton.
Turn
down
the
thermostat(恒温器)
on
your
washer,
and
line
dry
your
clothes
when
the
weather
will
allow
it.
1.The
underlined
phrase
"takes
a
toll"
probably
means
_________.
A.wastes
water
B.takes
a
lot
of
time
C.uses
energy
D.has
a
bad
effect
2.We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
in
the
US
___________.
A.pesticides
in
cotton
farming
cost
over
4
billion
dollars
every
year
B.CO2
emissions
of
land
transport
amount
to
1.15
pounds
per
mile
C.about
15%
of
the
clothes
and
shoes
are
made
of
materials
that
are
recycled
D.about
16,
000
gallons
of
water
is
used
annually
by
an
average
family
on
laundry
3.What
can
be
inferred
from
this
passage?
A.The
production
process
may
affect
water
safety.
B.The
clothing
cost
is
relatively
low
in
China
and
India.
C.Cotton
clothes
are
buried
because
they
are
hard
to
break
down.
D.The
use
stage
is
the
least
environmentally
harmful
of
the
five
stages.
4.What
is
the
purpose
of
this
passage?
A.To
encourage
people
to
donate
clothes
to
charity.
B.To
promote
eco-friendly
actions
related
to
clothes.
C.To
persuade
people
to
purchase
more
organic
cotton.
D.To
introduce
the
five
stages
in
the
life
cycle
of
clothing.
3.???
By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
???
At
the
heart
of
the
phenomenon
lie
tiny
marine
microorganisms
(海洋微生物)
called
phytoplankton.
Because
of
the
way
light
reflects
off
the
organisms,
these
phytoplankton
create
colourful
patterns
at
the
ocean
surface.
Ocean
colour
varies
from
green
to
blue,
depending
on
the
type
and
concentration
of
phytoplankton.
Climate
change
will
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton
in
some
areas,
while
reducing
it
in
other
spots,
leading
to
changes
in
the
ocean's
appearance.
???
Phytoplankton
live
at
the
ocean
surface,
where
they
pull
carbon
dioxide
(二氧化碳)
into
the
ocean
while
giving
off
oxygen.
When
these
organisms
die,
they
bury
carbon
in
the
deep
ocean,
an
important
process
that
helps
to
regulate
the
global
climate.
But
phytoplankton
are
vulnerable
to
the
ocean's
warming
trend.
Warming
changes
key
characteristics
of
the
ocean
and
can
affect
phytoplankton
growth,
since
they
need
not
only
sunlight
and
carbon
dioxide
to
grow,
but
also
nutrients.
???
Stephanie
Dutkiewicz,
a
scientist
in
MIT's
Center
for
Global
Change
Science,
built
a
climate
model
that
projects
changes
to
the
oceans
throughout
the
century.
In
a
world
that
warms
up
by
3℃,
it
found
that
multiple
changes
to
the
colour
of
the
oceans
would
occur.
The
model
projects
that
currently
blue
areas
with
little
phytoplankton
could
become
even
bluer.
But
in
some
waters,
such
as
those
of
the
Arctic,
a
warming
will
make
conditions
riper
for
phytoplankton,
and
these
areas
will
turn
greener.
"Not
only
are
the
quantities
of
phytoplankton
in
the
ocean
changing,"
she
said,
"but
the
type
of
phytoplankton
is
changing."
???
And
why
does
that
matter?
Phytoplankton
are
the
base
of
the
food
web.
If
certain
kinds
begin
to
disappear
from
the
ocean,
Dutkiewicz
said,
"it
will
change
the
type
of
fish
that
will
be
able
to
survive."
Those
kinds
of
changes
could
affect
the
food
chain.
???
Whatever
colour
changes
the
ocean
experiences
in
the
coining
decades
will
probably
be
too
gradual
and
unnoticeable,
but
they
could
mean
significant
changes.
"It'll
be
a
while
before
we
can
statistically
show
that
the
changes
are
happening
because
of
climate
change,"
Dutkiewicz
said,
"but
the
change
in
the
colour
of
the
ocean
will
be
one
of
the
early
warning
signals
that
we
really
have
changed
our
planet."
1.What
are
the
first
two
paragraphs
mainly
about?
A.
The
various
patterns
at
the
ocean
surface.
B.
The
cause
of
the
changes
in
ocean
colour.
C.
The
way
light
reflects
off
marine
organisms.
D.
The
efforts
to
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
"vulnerable"
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.
Sensitive.
B.
Beneficial.
C.
Significant.
D.
Unnoticeable.
3.What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.
Phytoplankton
play
a
declining
role
in
the
marine
ecosystem.
B.
Dutkiewicz's
model
aims
to
project
phytoplankton
changes.
C.
Phytoplankton
have
been
used
to
control
global
climate.
D.
Oceans
with
more
phytoplankton
may
appear
greener.
4.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
assess
the
consequences
of
ocean
colour
changes.
B.
To
analyse
the
composition
of
the
ocean
food
chain.
C.
To
explain
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
oceans.
D.
To
introduce
a
new
method
to
study
phytoplankton.
4.???
Scientists
say
they
have
developed
a
system
that
uses
machine
learning
to
predict
when
and
where
lightning
will
strike.
Researchers
report
the
system
is
able
to
predict
lightning
strikes
up
to
30
minutes
before
they
happen
within
a
30-kilometre
radius.
???
Lightning
is
a
strong
burst
of
electricity
in
the
atmosphere.?Since
it
carries
extremely
powerful
electric
charge,
it
can
be
destructive
and
deadly.
European
researchers
have
estimated
that
between
6,000
and
24,000
people
are
killed
by
lightning
worldwide
each
year.
For
this
reason,
climate
scientists
have
long
sought
to
develop
methods
of
predicting
lightning.
???
The
system
tested
in
the
experiments
used
a
combination
of
data
from
weather
stations
and
machine
learning
methods.
The
researchers
developed
a
prediction
model
that
was
trained
to
recognise
weather
conditions
that
were
likely
to
cause
lightning.
???
The
model
was
created
with
the
data
collected
over
a
12-year
period
from
12
Swiss
weather
stations
in
cities
and
mountain
areas.
The
data,
related
to
four
main
surface
conditions:
air
pressure,
air
temperature,
relative
humidity
and
wind
speed,
was
placed
into
a
unique
machine
learning
algorithm(算法),
which
compared
it
to
the
records
of
lightning
strikes.
Researchers
say
the
algorithm
was
then
able
to
learn
the
conditions
under
which
lightning
would
happen.
???
The
researchers
tested
the
system
several
times.
They
found
that
the
system
made
predictions
that
proved
correct
almost
80
percent
of
the
time.
"It
can
now
be
used
anywhere,"
the
Swiss
Federal
Institute
of
Technology
said
in
a
statement.
???
The
researchers
plan
to
keep
developing
the
technology
in
partnership
with
a
European
effort
that
aims
to
create
a
lightning
protection
programme.
The
effort
is
called
the
European
Laser
Lightning
Rod
project.?Scientists
working
on
the
project
are
experimenting
with
the
laser
technology
that
could
someday
control
lightning?activity,?transferring
lightning
charge
from
clouds
to
the
ground.
They
hope
that
such
technology
can
one
day
be
used
as
protection
against
lightning
strikes.
Possible
uses
could
be
at
stations,
airports
or
places
where
crowds
of
people
gather.
1.Why
was
the
system
developed?
A.To
show
the
power
of
lightning.
B.To
meet
kids'
curiosity
about
lightning.
C.To
protect
people
from
lightning.
D.To
keep
track
of
deaths
caused
by
lightning
strikes.
2.What
is
special
about
the
system?
A.It
adopted
a
different
machine
learning
algorithm.
B.It
used
an
effective
method
of
collecting
data.
C.It
was
based
on
a
number
of
samples
worldwide.
D.It
required
the
low
cost
of
predicting
lightning.
3.What
will
the
researchers
do
next
with
the
laser
technology?
A.Generate
electricity
with
lightning.
B.Transfer
energy
from
lightning.
C.Monitor
lightning
activity.
D.Prevent
the
occurrence
of
lightning.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.A
Theory
of
Employing
Lightning
B.A
Model
of
Creating
Lightning
C.A
System
of
Controlling
Lightning
D.A
Method
of
Forecasting
Lightning
二、七选五
???
The
increasing
environmental
problems
and
need
for
eco-friendly
products
and
services
are
creating
a
new
job
section
of
green-collar
jobs.?①
_____
It
is
expected
that
by
2025
about
25%
of
the
jobs
in
developed
countries
will
be
green-collar
jobs.
Doesn't
the
data
look
promising
for
the
future?
????②_____
And
jobs
will
pop
up
at
every
income
level,
from
environmental
managers
to
gardeners.
For
example,
many
countries
including
the
United
States
have
understood
that
fossil
fuels
have
negative
effect
on
the
environment
which
can
later
become
a
serious
danger
to
mankind.?③_____
The
increasing
demand
for
newer
resources
has
created
the
need
for
experts
and
researchers
who
can
find
better
ways
to
deal
with
the
ongoing
needs.
In
addition,
in
order
to
meet
the
increasing
demand
for
environment-friendly
equipment,
both
green
product
designers
and
trained
workers
are
needed.
Management
of
environmental
organizations
also
demands
a
large
number
of
environmental
managers.
????④_____
The
Internet
is
undoubtedly
the
best
way
to
find
information
on
almost
any
matter.
Nowadays
different
kinds
of
jobs
are
being
posted
online.
Search
through
a
couple
of
job
websites
to
look
for
a
bright
future
in
energy
conversion
and
management
and
the
recycling
of
waste.
Check
regularly
and
find
the
right
work
for
yourself.
⑤_____
A.People
who
read
newspapers
can
also
find
different
kinds
of
green-collar
jobs.
B.People
who
take
green
careers
will
be
well
paid.
C.Where
can
you
find
green-collar
jobs?
D.Green-collar
jobs
have
become
a
bright
career
chance
for
all.
E.Many
countries
have
realized
the
importance
of
energy-saving
products
and
services
and
the
need
for
them.
F.Therefore,
possibilities
are
being
explored
to
find
alternatives
to
meet
demands
in
a
better
way.
G.Forget
the
blue-collar
and
white-collar
categories.
三、完形填空
???
For
me,
two
of
the
loveliest
words
in
English
are
"Life
persists".
???
I???
1??
?them
years
ago
as
a
college
student,
sitting
in
the
library,
??
2??
,
working
on
a
paper.
Out
of
nowhere,
those
words
came???
3??
?off
the
page
in
a
quote:
"In
the
midst
of
death
life
persists;
in
the
midst
of???
4??
?truth
persists;
in
the
midst
of
darkness
light
persists."
???
Suddenly
I
wasn't
unhappy
and
impatient
any
more.
Then
I
called
my
granddad.
I
loved
to
talk
with
him.
And
I
was???
5??
?to
hear
what
he'd
think
of
it.
He
had
poor
hearing,
so
I
had
to
repeat
it
a
few
times,
but
once
he???
6??
?it,
he
laughed.
"All
I
can
say
to
that
is
totally
??
7???,"
he
said
on
the
phone.
It
old
him
how
glad
I
was,
after
a
long
winter,
to
finally
see
spring
and???
8??
?to
find
that
quote.
"Why
is
that?"
he
asked.
"Well,
spring
is
a
sure???
9??
?that
life
persists.
And
it
just
makes
me
??
10??
."
???
He
laughed
again,
and
then
in
his
lovely
voice,
he
recited
to
me
his???
11??
?"spring
time"
words:
"The
desert
shall
rejoice
(欣喜),
and???
12??
?as
the
rose
does…Even
with
joy
and
singing."
???
Many
years
later,
??
13??
?my
husband
and
I
drove
across
a
desert
with
many
wildflowers
and
blooming
cactuses
(仙人掌),
I
could
almost
hear
my
granddad
laughing:
"The
desert
shall
rejoice."
???
Life
persists,
and
so
do
we,
in
the
silence
of???
14??
?and
the
blooming
of
cactuses;
and
in
the
dead
of
winter
and
the
green
of
spring.
Spring????
15??
?us
that
we're
alive
forever.
1.A.
looked
for
B.
came
across
C.
picked
out
D.
made
up
2.A.
bored
B.
worried
C.
tired
D.
confused
3.A.
running
B.
dancing
C.
rushing
D.
moving
4.A.
fear
B.
doubt
C.
terror
D.
untruth
5.A.
patient
B.
confident
C.
upset
D.
desperate
6.A.
got
B.
made
C.
undertook
D.
managed
7.A.
puzzlement
B.
excitement
C.
agreement
D.
amusement
8.A.
practically
B.
especially
C.
obviously
D.
naturally
9.A.
way
B.
inspiration
C.
mark
D.
sign
10.A.
nervous
B.
interesting
C.
merry
D.
alive
11.A.
impressive
B.
superb
C.
classical
D.
favorite
12.A.
exist
B.
flower
C.
survive
D.
sow
13.A.
after
B.
when
C.
until
D.
although
14.A.
journeys
B.
words
C.
world
D.
desert
15.A.
convinces
B.
ensures
C.
reminds
D.
strikes
四、语法填空
???
Bows(弓)
and
arrows(箭)
are
one
of
man's
oldest
weapons.
They
were
an
important
discovery
for
people,
especially
hunters,
giving
them
a
weapon
with
①__________
they
could
kill
their
enemies
or
prey(猎物)
from
a
distance.
Actually,
it
was
more
than
8,000
years
ago
②__________
early
people
began
hunting
with
bows
and
arrows.
???
The
short
bow
had
limited
power
and
short
range.
However,
early
hunters
overcame
these
faults
by
learning
to
track
③__________(they)
prey
at
close
range.
The
longbow
was
about
2
meters
④__________
length.
A
lot
of
power,
about
100
pounds,
was
needed
⑤__________(pull)
the
string
of
the
longbow
all
the
way
back.
That
is
to
say,
anyone
⑥__________(use)
this
bow
had
to
be
strong.
???
For
a
long
time,
the
bow
was
just
a
bent
stick
and
a
string.
In
fact,
more
changes
⑦__________(take)
place
in
the
bow
and
arrow
in
the
past
twenty-five
years.
Today's
bow
is
⑧__________(power)
and
is
as
exact
as
a
gun.
Additionally,
little
⑨__________(strong)
is
needed
to
draw
the
string.
???
The
invention
of
the
bow
ranks
with
the
discovery
of
the
fire
and
the
wheel.
It
was
⑩__________
great
step
forward
for
humans.
五、写作
1.???
最近,你校学生会对分类垃圾箱是否进教室一事进行了调查,调查结果见下表。请根据图表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文,介绍同学们的不同意见和看法,并表达你自己的观点。
???
注意:词数不少于100。
???
提示词:饼状图pie
chart
学生对分类垃圾箱进教室的不同看法及所占比例
?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My
family
has
always
loved
going
to
Disneyland.
So
in
2001,
when
Disney
announced
that
they
were
opening
California
Adventure,
it
was
a
big
deal.
I
remember
I
was
only
six
years
old
when
I
went
there
for
the
first
time.
I've
been
told
that
as
a
child
I
was
very
naughty
and
energetic,
but
always
well-meaning.
I
got
a
lot
of
enjoyment
from
making
people
angry.
This
relates
to
going
to
California
Adventure
for
the
first
time
ever
with
my
grandmother
and
it
is
my
oldest
memory
with
her.
On
this
fine
day
of
fun
and
all
things
Disney,
we
reached
the
park's
Ferris
wheel,
called
the
Sun
Wheel
(now
Mickey's
Fun
Wheel).
If
you
do
not
know
what
the
Sun
Wheel
is,
I
can
briefly
explain:
It
is
the
most
terrifying
Ferris
wheel.
Why?
Well,
the
seat
that
you
sit
in,
while
160
feet
in
the
air,
slides
inwards
and
outwards
as
the
wheel
rotates
(转动).
If
you
rock
it
hard
enough,
it
can
almost
do
a
complete
360-degree
spin
(旋转).
This
creates
a
terrifying
experience
because
it
is
like
a
160-fool-lall
swing.
So
I
stood
in
line
with
my
grandmother,
and
neither
of
us
had
any
idea
that
this
was
not
an
ordinary
Ferris
wheel.
After
a
long
wait
it
was
finally
our
turn
to
ride
it.
We
sat
inside
and
began
to
rise
up
and
that's
when
I
discovered
the
ride's
special
feature.
I
started
with
slow,
easy
rocking
and
my
grandmother
began
to
fear
for
her
life.
Worrying
we
would
fall
out,
she
asked
me
to
stop.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Since
I
was
a
very
naughty
boy,
I
rocked
it
harder.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But
to
my
surprise,
my
grandma
actually
enjoyed
the
terrifying
experience
with
me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4.BCAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中"the
change
from
fossil
fuels
to
renewables,
he
argued,
is
not
likely
to
come
any
faster."可知,Vaclav
Smil认为,从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变不可能更快。即向可再生能源的转变过程将是缓慢的,故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"The
European
Union
(EU),
for
example,
is
well
on
the
way
to
achieving
a
20%
reduction
in
GHG
emissions
from
1990
levels
by
2020,
along
with
a
20%
increase
in
the
use
of
renewable
energy."可知,欧盟正朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的目标稳步前进,同时可再生能源的使用量也将增加20%。由此可知,欧盟正在尽最大努力鼓励使用可再生能源,故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"With
prices
dropping
this
fast,
solar
energy
is
now
proving
competitive
with
fossil
fuels
for
generating
electricity
in
many
areas."可知,由于价格下降如此之快,太阳能在许多领域的发电能力已经证明可以与化石燃料相媲美。即由于可再生能源价格下跌,它们的竞争力更强,故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句
"Nevertheless,
renewables
are
likely
to
replace
fossil
fuels
as
the
main
source
of
electrical
power
well
before
mid-century."可知,作者认为可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为电力的主要来源。再结合全文内容可推知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是讨论能源的转型正逐步实现,故选C项。
2.答案：1-4.DDAB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段开头可知,
一件T恤衫的生命周期要经历五个阶段:原材料,生产,运输,使用和处理。原材料的生产阶段又包括播种、灌溉、施肥和收获等。再根据第三句"While
cotton
is
a
natural
fibre(纤维制品)
and
not
as
harmful
to
the
environment
as
manmade
fibres,
it
still
takes
a
toll
in
the
material
and
product
ion
stages."可知,虽然棉花是自然纤维,不像人造纤维一样对环境有害,但它仍然会对原料筹集和生产阶段造成不好的影响。
所以D项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"However,
the
average
American
household
does
400
loads
of
laundry
per
year,
using
about
40
gallons
of
water
per
load."可知,每年一个美国家庭平均要洗400次衣服,每次要用40加仑水,40×400
=
16,000加仑,所以D项正确。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的"these
processes
also
use
a
great
deal
of
water
and
energy.
Commercial
dyes
and
bleaches
are
harmful
pollutants
and
can
eventually
pollute
groundwater."可知,生产过程费水费能源。而印染原料和漂白剂是有害的污染物,会最终污染地下水。所以A项正确。
4.写作意图题。根据文章及最后一段第一句
"There
are
a
lot
of
things
you
can
do
to
help
reduce
your
impact."可知,文章的写作意图是呼吁人们从自身穿衣开始为环保做贡献。
3.答案：1-4
BADC
解析：1.主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因，第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述，前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因，故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点，影响了浮游植物的生长，结合关键词changes和affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的，故选A项（敏感的）。B：有益的；C：重大的；D：不被注意的。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的But
in
some
waters...a
warming
will
make
conditions
riper
for
phytoplankton,
and
these
areas
will
turn
greener.可知，在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方，海洋的颜色会变得更绿，故选D项（有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿）。
4.推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是中心段落第一段中the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate可知，文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响，故选C项。A项（评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果）、B项（分析海洋食物链的构成）和D项（介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法）均不符合文章目的，故排除。
4.答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的European
researchers
have
estimated
that
between
6,000
and
24,000
people
are
killed
by
lightning
worldwide
each
year.
For
this
reason,
climate
scientists
have
long
sought
to
develop
methods
of
predicting
lightning.可知,每年有许多人被闪电击中身亡,因此科学家们长期以来都在寻找预测闪电的方法,由此可知该系统的发明是为了保护人们,使人们避开闪电带来的危险。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The
data...
was
placed
into
a
unique
machine
learning
algorithm可知,该系统使用了一个独一无二的机器学习算法,这是它的独特之处。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句Scientists
working
on
the
project
are
experimenting
with
the
laser
technology
that
could
someday
control
lightning
activity,
transferring
lightning
charge
from
clouds
to
the
ground.可知,科学家们想利用激光技术将闪电中的电荷直接从云层传输到地面,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种可以预测闪电的系统,它可以用来保护人们免受闪电的伤害,故选D项。
二、
答案：①-⑤
EDFCA
解析：①根据此空前一句中的关键词environmental
problems和eco-friendly
products可知应选E。
②本空位于段首，是本段的主题句，根据后文内容And
jobs
will
pop
up
at
every
income
level及后文中的举例可知，本段主要是说明绿领工作前景好。故选D。
③空前一句提出了化石燃料对环境有不好影响的问题，再根据空后一句中的关键词demand可知应选F。
④根据此空后两句可知网上有各种工作的信息，C选项可以与后文形成逻辑上的问答关系。故选C。
⑤根据此空前一句Check
regularly
and
find
the
right
work
for
yourself.可知，此处要讲如何找到一份工作，与A项中的can
also
find
different
kinds
of
green-collar
jobs意思吻合，故选A。
三、答案：1-5
BABDD
6-10
ACBDC
11-15
DBBDC
解析：1.
根据语境可知，几年前作者坐在大学的图书馆里偶然遇到这两个单词"Life
persists"。come
across偶遇，B项符合语境。
2.
根据下文中的Suddenly
I
wasn't
unhappy
and
impatient
any
more.可知，作者当时在图书馆里的心情是很烦闷的。bored烦闷的，故选A。
3.
那两个词突然从书页上的引语中跃入作者的眼帘，故B项dancing形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。
4.
在死亡中，生命依然长存；在虚假中，真实依然永存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻。fear害怕；doubt怀疑；terror恐怖；untruth虚假。故选项D符合语境。
5.
根据语境及上文中的I
loved
to
talk
with
him.可知，作者很想听爷爷对这句话是怎么看的。patient有耐心的；confident有自信心的；upset心烦的；desperate非常需要……的。故选项D符合语境。
6.
但是当作者的爷爷明白（got）了，他就笑了起来。get在此处表示"理解，明白"，故选A。
7.
根据上文中"laughed"和下文中作者爷爷所背诵的语句与该句话的主题的一致性可知，作者的爷爷对这句话所表达的主题是完全同意的。puzzlement迷惑；excitement兴奋；agreement同意；amusement愉悦。故选C。
8.作者告诉爷爷她在漫长的冬天过后，最终看到春天，特别是偶然发现那句引语，自己是有多么高兴。especially"特别，尤其"符合语境。故选B。
9.春天就是一个生命在延续的可靠迹象。sign表示"迹象，征兆"，符合语境。故选D。
10.根据上文中的I
wasn't
unhappy，下文中的rejoice（欣喜）并结合文章主题可知，它使作者感到愉悦（merry）。故选C。
11.结合语境可知，这里指爷爷最喜欢的关于春天的语句，故选D。
12.沙漠应该高兴，并像玫瑰一样盛开。根据空后的as
the
rose
does可知，flower（开花）符合语境。故选B。
13.多年后，当作者和丈夫驱车穿越一个有很多野花和盛开的仙人掌的沙漠时，她几乎又能听到爷爷笑着说："沙漠应该高兴。"分析句子结构可知，设空处引导时间状语从句，表示"当……的时候"，故选B。
14.根据空后的the
blooming
of
cactuses...和上文中的a
desert
with
many
wildflowers
and
blooming
cactuses及The
desert
shall
rejoice可知，生命长存于寂静的沙漠（desert）中和盛开的仙人掌里。故选D。
15.春天提醒我们永远充满活力。convince使相信；assure使确信；remind提醒；strike突然想到。故选C。
四、
答案：which;
that;
their;
in;
to
pull;
using;
have
taken;
powerful;
strength;
a
解析：①考查关系代词。"with
which
they
could
kill
their
enemies..."是“介词
+
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
②考查强调句型。该句为强调句型,被强调的是时间状语"more
than
8,
000
years
ago"。
③考查形容词性物主代词。名词prey前应用形容词性物主代词作定语。
④考查介词。in
length是固定表达,意思是“在长度上”。
⑤考查不定式的用法。不定式短语"to
pull
the
string
of
the
longbow
all
the
way
back"作目的状语。
⑥考查现在分词的用法。现在分词短语"using
this
bow"作定语,修饰anyone,
use与主语anyone之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。
⑦考查时态。时间状语"in
the
past
twenty-five
years"常与现在完成时连用;本句主语为复数名词,故谓语用复数形式。
⑧考查形容词。空格处所填单词在句中作表语,故用power的形容词形式。
⑨考查名词。空格处所填单词在句中作主语,需用strong的名词形式。
⑩考查冠词。此处意思是:它(弓)是人类历史上的一大进步。表示泛指,应用不定冠词;great是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。
五、
1.答案：???
Recently
the
student
union
conducted
a
survey
on
whether
recycling
dustbins
should
be
set
in
classrooms.
???
As
can
be
seen
from
the
pie
chart,
only
a
few
students
care
little
about
it.
About
one
third
of
the
students
are
totally
against
the
programme.
They
don't
bother
to
change
their
old
habits.
However,
over
half
the
students
are
completely
for
the
programme,
as
it
is
beneficial
to
recycling
resources
and
can
help
students
develop
their
good
habits
of
garbage
classification.
Besides,
12%
of
the
students
partly
agree.
They
hold
the
opinion
that
educating
people
on
how
to
classify
the
garbage
goes
first.
???
Personally,
I
believe
it's
important
to
raise
people's
awareness
of
garbage
classification,
from
which
we
will
get
considerable
benefits
for
the
future.
2.答案：
???
Since
I
was
a
very
naughty
boy,
I
rocked
it
harder.
Each
time
I
rocked
harder,
she
asked
me
to
stop.
But
I
was
having
too
much
fun
scaring
her
and
swinging
around.
So
what
did
I
do?
I
rocked
it
as
hard
as
my
little
body
could
manage.
It
got
to
the
point
that
my
grandmother
was
yelling
at
the
top
of
her
voice,
while
kicking
and
screaming
at
me
to
stop.
It
was
so
much
fun.
The
ride
finished
and
I
knew
I
was
going
to
be
in
trouble.
???
But
to
my
surprise,
my
grandma
actually
enjoyed
the
terrifying
experience
with
me.
I
actually
didn't
get
into
trouble,
but
she
vowed
to
never
ride
it
with
me
again.
To
this
day,
my
grandma
and
I
still
recall
and
laugh
about
our
terrifying
Sun
Wheel
experience.
She's
told
me
that
she
always
thinks
back
to
that
moment
when
she
thinks
about
how
much
I
have
changed
since
then,
and
I
always
think
back
to
it
as
a
fun
experience
with
her
that
I
will
never
forget.2020-2021学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册单元测试卷
Unit
8
B卷
一、阅读理解
1.???
A
Native
American
village
in
the
U.
S.
state,
Alaska,
has
voted
to
relocate
its
entire
population
of
some
600
people
due
to
the
threat
of
rising
seas.
???
Shishmaref,
located
on
a
tiny
island
north
of
the
Bering
Strait
that
separates
the
United
States
and
Russia,
is
losing
up
to
three
meters
of
shoreline
each
year.
It
is
one
of
dozens
of
old
villages
in
Alaska
that
face
growing
threats
of
flooding
and
erosion
due
to
global
warming.
???
Its
residents,
who
are
members
of
the
Inupiat
tribe,
voted
89
to
78
to
relocate,
said
Donna
Barr.
This
is
not
the
first
time
its
residents
have
made
such
a
decision.
They
voted
in
2002
to
relocate
but
that
effort
failed.
???
"It's
not
going
to
be
the
last
time
that
the
United
States
has
to
deal
with
communities
severely
threatened
by
climate
change
and
impacts
and
whether
or
not
they
can
stay
there,"
she
said.
???
In
Shishmaref,
Tommy
Richter,
pastor
of
the
Lutheran
Church,
the
island's
only
church,
said
the
community
was
tom
over
leaving
its
heritage
behind.
"There
are
people
here
who
have
been
here
for
generations
and
don't
want
to
leave
at
all,"
he
said.
???
The
cost
of
relocation
has
been
estimated
at
some
$
180
million,
and
authorities
are
seeking
state
and
federal
funding,
according
to
local
media.
Where
to
relocate
remains
to
be
decided,
the
clerk
said.
Two
sites
on
the
mainland
are
being
considered.
Relocation
could
take
more
than
ten
years.
The
island,
which
is
18
square
kilometers,
lies
five
miles
off
the
mainland.
Its
economy
is
based
largely
on
fishing
and
hunting.
???
Scientists
attribute
coastal
erosion
in
Shishmaref
to
global
warming
that
has
thawed
sea
ice
that
once
shielded
the
island
from
storm
surges.
Its
layer
of
permanently
frozen
soil
on
which
it
is
built,
is
melting
as
well.
???
The
village
already
has
moved
several
homes
and
a
National
Guard
Armory
away
from
its
coastline
and
built
sea
walls
that
have
had
limited
success.
???
Since
2014,
more
than
140
tribes
and
tribal
organizations
have
gotten
government
funding
to
help
address
the
impacts
of
global
warming,
it
said.
1.The
residents
in
Shishmaref
voted
to
move
because
_____________.
A.their
village
is
being
flooded
every
year
B.the
shoreline
of
their
island
is
disappearing
C.they
found
less
fish
to
be
caught
near
the
sea
D.most
people
expected
to
lead
a
modem
life
2.The
result
of
the
votes
suggests
that
some
people
_____________.
A.have
no
choice
but
to
remain
here
B.have
no
money
to
move
to
the
mainland
C.realize
the
danger
of
global
warming
D.are
reluctant
to
leave
their
home
3.What
is
problem
with
the
relocation?
A.The
cost.
B.The
place.
C.The
weather.
D.The
transportation.
4.What
might
be
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Climate
Change
Influences
an
American
Village
B.Alaska
Village
Relocates
Due
to
Climate
Change
C.A
Village
Is
Going
to
Move
All
Its
Villagers
D.Rising
Sea
Water
Floods
Away
a
Small
Village
2.???
You'll
need
to
take
a
deep
breath
before
hearing
this
news.
An
astonishing
93%
of
kids
around
the
world
live
in
environments
with
air
pollution
levels
that
are
damaging
their
health,
according
to
a
new
report
by
WHO.
???
Air
pollution
was
to
blame
for
the
deaths
of
543,000
kids
under
5
in
2016,
with
more
than
one
in
four
deaths
of
children
under
five
years
old
being
related
to
environmental
issues.
Exposure(暴露)
to
air
pollution
can
damage
the
health
of
kids
in
a
variety
of
ways,
either
causing
or
being
associated
with
everything
from
low
birth
weight
to
childhood
obesity
and
so
on.
???
"The
large
toll
of
disease
and
death
revealed(揭示)
by
these
new
data
should
result
in
an
urgent
call
to
action
for
the
global
community
especially
for
those
in
the
health
department,"
WHO
stated.
"Strong
action
to
reduce
exposure
to
air
pollution
offers
an
opportunity
to
protect
the
health
of
children."
The
report
stressed
that
health
experts
should
communicate
with
families,
communities
and
policymakers
about
the
serious
risks
of
air
pollution
exposure.
"Although
more
researches
into
how
air
pollution
affects
children's
health
will
continue
to
be
valuable,
there
is
already
evidence
to
justify
strong,
swift
action
to
prevent
the
damage
it
clearly
produces,"
WHO
added.
???
Disease
caused
by
dirty
air
is
more
common
in
low-and-middle
income
countries,
especially
those
in
Africa,
South-East
Asia,
and
Western
Pacific
regions.
Poor
countries
in
these
areas
have
the
highest
levels
of
exposure
to
household
air
pollution
due
to
the
use
of
polluting
fuels
and
technologies
for
basic
needs
like
cooking,
heating
and
lighting.
???
Advised
solutions
include
cleaner
transport,
cleaner
cooking
and
heating
fuels
and
technologies
energy-efficient
housing
and
urban
planning,
safer
industrial
technologies
and
better
waste
management.
1.What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.The
way
to
fight
air
pollution.
B.The
serious
result
of
air
pollution.
C.The
illnesses
children
are
suffering.
D.The
deaths
caused
by
air
pollution.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
"toll"
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.Number.
B.Threat.
C.Fact.
D.Report.
3.What
are
health
experts
asked
to
do?
A.Do
more
researches.
B.Find
ways
to
fight
air
pollution.
C.Make
the
serious
risks
known.
D.Develop
cleaner
fuels
and
technologies.
4.What
can
we
learn
from
the
text?
A.Researches
of
this
kind
have
stopped.
B.Air
pollution
caused
543,000
kids'
death
in
2016.
C.Nothing
can
be
done
to
stop
air
pollution
at
present.
D.Air
pollution
is
more
serious
in
low-and-middle
income
countries.
3.???
The
Andean
village
Chinchero,
which
sits
above
the
Urubamba
Valley,
is
one
of
the
most
breathtakingly
beautiful
landscapes.
Splendid
terraces
made
by
the
Incas
stretch
out
into
the
vast
highland.
Fields
of
potato
and
corn
plants
form
a
textile
of
shades—green,
red
and
gold.
Sweeping
views
of
snow-covered
peaks
rule
the
horizon.
???
But
machines
began
clearing
ground
for
an
international
airport
in
Chinchero
now.
This
doubtful
project
would
damage
the
heartland
of
the
Inca
civilisation.
Its
ancient
archaeological
sites
and
rich
plants
and
animals
would
be
disrupted
by
noise,
traffic,
pollution
and
uncontrolled
urbanisation.
???
It
is
puzzling
why
anyone
would
choose
to
build
a
multimillion-dollar
international
airport
in
this
peaceful
spot
high
up
in
the
clouds.
At
nearly
12,
400
feet,
1,
500
feet
higher
than
Cuzco's
airport
some
20
miles
away,
it
would
be
one
of
the
worlds
highest
commercial
airports.
The
mountains
surrounding
Chinchero,
not
to
mention
the
fog,
winds
and
hailstorms
at
these
altitudes,
can
make
landing
and
take-off
dangerous.
???
A
flood
of
articles
in
science
and
travel
magazines
have
blamed
the
project.
The
objection
is
not
surprising;
the
ancient
Machu
Picchu,
which
is
in
the
Cuzco
region,
was
recognised
one
of
the
New
Seven
Wonders
of
the
World
in
2007.
???
The
site
draws
up
to
5,
600
foreign
visitors
daily,
more
than
double
the
2,
500
recommended
by
UNESCO.
The
new
airport
could
quadruple(使变为四倍)
tourists,
to
6
million
from
1.
5
million
a
year,
which
would
mean
a
burden
of
22,
000
visitors
a
day.
President
Vizcarra
supported
the
project
in
2018
as
a
way
to
get
support
in
southern
Peru.
???
The
airport's
construction
could
reduce
the
watershed
of
Lake
Piuray,
an
important
source
of
water
for
Cuzco.
It
would
also
divide
Chinchero
in
two,
leaving
the
school
and
the
health
centre
on
the
side
where
few
people
live.
???
Instead
of
another
airport,
Peru
should
develop
sustainable
tourism
and
invest
in
infrastructure
to
make
these
areas
more
accessible.
1.What
is
mainly
described
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.The
beautiful
scenery
of
Chinchero.
B.The
perfect
place
for
the
airport.
C.The
birthplace
of
the
Inca
civilisation.
D.The
best
travelling
destination.
2.Why
did
President
Vizcarra
agree
to
build
the
airport?
A.To
make
Machu
Picchu
known
to
all.
B.To
promote
the
local
tourism.
C.To
respect
the
traditional
civilisation.
D.To
make
the
airport
the
world's
highest.
3.What
made
people
worried
about
the
building
of
the
airport?
A.The
rough
weather
for
landing
and
take-off.
B.The
loud
noise
for
the
local
villagers.
C.The
damage
to
the
local
environment.
D.The
disappearance
of
Inca
landscape.
4.What's
the
attitude
of
the
writer
towards
the
building
of
the
airport?
A.Neutral.
B.Supportive.
C.Uncaring.
D.Disapprove.
4.???
Pictures
of
the
bird
called
the
red
siskin
appear
on
Venezuela's
money,
on
products
and
in
school
books.
???
But
the
small
song
bird
is
disappearing
from
the
wild.
It
has
become
the
victim
of
reducing
forests
and
hunters
who
want
to
sell
their
bright
red
feathers.
That
threat
has
brought
together
an
international
team.
They
hope
to
save
the
bird.
The
plan
is
to
have
farmers
plant
organic
coffee
plants
which
are
covered
with
branches
that
make
good
nesting
places
for
the
birds.
???
Once
found
in
the
millions,
as
few
as
300
red
siskins
remain
in
Venezuela.
"They
don't
have
many
years
left,
unless
we
do
something
right
now,"
said
Miguel
Arvelo.
???
Fanners
who
meet
the
project's
rules
will
win
the
right
to
sell
their
beans
with
"Bird
Friendly"
labels.
They
will
be
able
to
set
prices
for
such
"high
quality"
products
that
can
be
five
times
higher
than
legal
prices
set
by
the
government.
???
The
male
siskin
is
valued
for
its
red
feathers
and
black
head.
Breeders
cross
them
with
yellow
pet
birds
to
create
babies
with
colourful
feathers.
Protection
under
Venezuelan
law
has
not
prohibited
hunters
from
catching
the
birds
to
sell
on
an
illegal
international
market.
Poor
Venezuelan
families
often
catch
and
sell
the
birds.
The
money
they
receive
can
feed
their
children
for
months,
said
biologist
Jhonathan
Miranda.
???
At
the
same
time,
a
red
siskin
breeding
centre
is
being
built
at
a
private
zoo
in
Venezuela.
There,
200
birds
are
expected
to
be
born
next
year.
Scientists
keep
the
places
where
the
birds
live
a
secret
to
protect
them
from
hunters.
They
permitted
some
reporters
to
photograph
a
small
number
of
birds
at
one
of
those
secret
places.
Twelve
or
more
of
the
small,
red
birds
flew
into
sight
just
as
the
sun
appeared.
???
"It's
the
first
time
I've
seen
so
many
birds
together,"
said
Miranda.
"It
gives
us
hope."
1.What
do
Miguel's
words
in
the
third
paragraph
suggest?
A.The
red
siskins
can't
live
longer.
B.It
is
urgent
to
save
the
red
siskins.
C.Organic
coffee
plants
will
die
soon.
D.Coffee
farmers
do
the
right
thing
now.
2.Why
are
farmers
asked
to
plant
organic
coffee
plants?
A.To
make
them
plant
less
coffee
crops.
B.To
increase
their
coffee
production.
C.To
provide
red
siskins
with
good
habitats.
D.To
allow
some
sunshine
into
the
coffee
fields.
3.What
good
does
the
project
do
to
the
farmers?
A.They
produce
coffee
beans
of
high
quality.
B.They
have
a
ban
on
their
coffee
planting.
C.They
enjoy
the
right
to
feed
birds
with
beans.
D.They
can
sell
their
coffee
at
a
higher
price.
4.What
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Saving
red
siskins
by
planting
coffee
plants
B.Helping
Venezuelans
plant
more
coffee
crops
C.Preserving
the
endangered
species
in
Venezuela
D.Building
a
breeding
centre
for
red
siskins
二、七选五
???
Migration
(迁徙),
is
a
long
journey
carried
out
by
some
birds
to
other
areas
where
they
hope
to
find
more
food
and
a
warmer
place
to
spend
the
winter.
A
hundreds
or
thousands
of
miles'
journey
is
actually
difficult
and
dangerous.
So
why
do
birds
migrate??①
_____
However,
it
all
comes
down
to
survival.
???
Migrating
for
a
Meal
???
For
all
birds,
one
of
the
main
driving
forces
behind
migration
is
food
shortage.
If
all
birds
were
to
stay
in
the
same
warm
regions
all
the
year
round,
food
would
become
lacking
and
producing
their
young
would
be
less
successful.
As
food
resources
are
rich
in
the
north
each
spring,
millions
of
birds
migrate
there
for
the
food
supplies.
②_____
???
Migrating
for
Families
???
Over
thousands
of
years,
birds
have
evolved
different
migration
patterns,
timing
a
destination
to
fly
around
the
world
to
produce
their
young.
Birds
take
advantage
of
a
wide
variety
of
suitable
conditions
to
raise
their
young.?③_____
???
Migrating
for
Climate
???
Birds
have
evolved
different
types
of
feathers
to
survive
different
climates.?④_____
So
many
birds
leave
the
Arctic
producing
grounds,
for
example,
when
temperatures
begin
to
fall
and
they
need
warmer
habitats.
Similarly,
the
hottest
regions
can
be
a
bad
environment
for
raising
little
chicks,
and
they
will
choose
cooler
areas
to
lay
eggs.
???
Migrating
for
Predators
(捕食性动物)
???
Habitats
that
have
rich
food
resources
all
the
year
round
also
attract
a
greater
number
of
predators
that
can
threaten
their
nests.?⑤_____
It
gives
their
young
a
better
chance
of
reaching
maturity.
Many
birds
even
migrate
to
particular
habitats
that
are
nearly
inaccessible
to
predators.
A.Birds
always
tend
to
fly
to
warmer
places.
B.And
changes
in
those
climates
can
affect
migration.
C.This
increases
the
surviving
chances
of
little
chicks.
D.Birds
have
adapted
themselves
to
their
own
surroundings.
E.There
is
more
than
one
reason
for
different
birds
to
migrate.
F.As
the
food
supplies
decrease
in
fall,
they
return
to
warm
regions.
G.Therefore,
birds
migrate
to
different
habitats
to
avoid
being
eaten
by
predators.
三、完形填空
???
Last
year,
Sam's
family
made
a
decision
to
move
to
their
new
house.
The
Jeep
was
fully
packed
and
they
were
prepared
for
a
tiring
day.
All
piled
into
the
car,??
1?
?six-year-old
Sam.
Sam's
father,
Alex,??
2?
?the
engine,
and
the
family
set
off
towards
their
new
home.
Alex
drove
for
miles
before
they
needed
more
supplies.
Then
they??
3?
?at
the
nearest
supermarket
Walmart.
???
Upon
driving
into
the
parking
lot,
they
began
to??
4?
?for
a
parking
space.
The
lot
was
unusually
?
5?
,
with
many
cars,
shopping
carts,
flashing
lights
and
busy
people.
Sam
felt
surrounded
by??
6?
?Eventually,
after
searching
the
lot
many
times,
Alex
found
a(n)
?
7?
?parking
space
for
their
car,
and
still
large
enough.
???
Alex
was
about
to
pull
in
when
a
strange
car
suddenly
pulled
into
the
empty
spot.
To
the
family's
?
8?
,
the
driver
who
had
been
driving
got
out
of
his
car
and
rushed
towards
Walmart.
Alex??
9?
?jumped
out
of
his
car
and
ran
after
him,
calling,
"Hey,
hey!
Wait!"
When
Alex
caught
the
man,
he
asked,
"Don't
you
think
that
we
can
10
it?"
The
man
was
surprised
and
said,
"Um,
yes,
I
suppose
we
could.''
They
returned
to
the
parking
space
and??
11?
?their
cars
so
that
they
could
both
park
there.
???
That??
12?
?Sam
very
much.
He'd
thought
that
his
father
would
be
angry,
or
even
beat
the
stranger
up.
However,
the
whole
incident
ended??
13?
?and
they
went
into
the
supermarket
and
bought
what
they
needed.
???
Alex's
reaction
was
pleasantly
unexpected.
Sam
was
moved
by
his??
14?
?father,
realising
that
the
correct
thing
to
do
wasn't
what
he
had
expected
to
happen.
It
made
a
strong
impression
on
him.??
15?
?is
more
important
than
self-righteousness(自以为是).
1.
A.
following????
B.
including????
C.
calling????
D.
helping
2.
A.
started????
B.
repaired????
C.
possessed????
D.
changed
3.
A.
played????
B.
lived????
C.
dropped????
D.
stopped
4.
A.
apply????
B.
stand????
C.
hunt????
D.
pay
5.
A.
abnormal????
B.
crowded????
C.
quiet????
D.
clean
6.
A.
advertisements????
B.
noise????
C.
music????
D.
warmth
7.
A.
cheap????
B.
small????
C.
dark????
D.
empty
8.
A.
anger????
B.
excitement????
C.
satisfaction????
D.
amazement
9.
A.
optimistically????
B.
happily????
C.
quickly????
D.
carefully
10.
A.
quit????
B.
buy????
C.
share????
D.
leave
11.
A.
adjusted????
B.
approached????
C.
examined????
D.
sold
12.
A.
informed????
B.
requested????
C.
impressed????
D.
congratulated
13.
A.
naturally????
B.
peacefully????
C.
sadly????
D.
violently
14.
A.
energetic????
B.
mean????
C.
aggressive????
D.
generous
15.
A.
Kindness????
B.
Curiosity????
C.
Justice????
D.
Judgement
四、语法填空
???
Bows(弓)
and
arrows(箭)
are
one
of
man's
oldest
weapons.
They
were
an
important
discovery
for
people,
especially
hunters,
giving
them
a
weapon
with
①__________
they
could
kill
their
enemies
or
prey(猎物)
from
a
distance.
Actually,
it
was
more
than
8,000
years
ago
②__________
early
people
began
hunting
with
bows
and
arrows.
???
The
short
bow
had
limited
power
and
short
range.
However,
early
hunters
overcame
these
faults
by
learning
to
track
③__________(they)
prey
at
close
range.
The
longbow
was
about
2
meters
④__________
length.
A
lot
of
power,
about
100
pounds,
was
needed
⑤__________(pull)
the
string
of
the
longbow
all
the
way
back.
That
is
to
say,
anyone
⑥__________(use)
this
bow
had
to
be
strong.
???
For
a
long
time,
the
bow
was
just
a
bent
stick
and
a
string.
In
fact,
more
changes
⑦__________(take)
place
in
the
bow
and
arrow
in
the
past
twenty-five
years.
Today's
bow
is
⑧__________(power)
and
is
as
exact
as
a
gun.
Additionally,
little
⑨__________(strong)
is
needed
to
draw
the
string.
???
The
invention
of
the
bow
ranks
with
the
discovery
of
the
fire
and
the
wheel.
It
was
⑩__________
great
step
forward
for
humans.
五、写作
1.???
假设你是某中学的学生李华,请根据以下提示,针对你市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况,向某英语报社写一封信,呼吁大家植树造林,保护环境。内容包括:
???
1.过去家乡树木成林,如今人们毁林种地、建房;
???
2.气候变化,土地沙漠化;
???
3.植树造林,人人有责。
???
注意:
???
1.词数80左右;
???
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数。
Dear
Editor,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
2.概要写作
Prepare
for
Day
Zero
???
Earlier
this
year
alarming
headlines
blared
that
Cape
Town,
South
Africa,
was
headed
for
Day
Zero—
the
date
when
the
city's
taps
would
go
dry
because
its
reservoirs
would
become
dangerously
low
on
water.
That
day—originally
expected
in
mid-April
has
been
postponed
until
at
least
2019,
thanks
to
water
rationing
and
a
welcome
rainy
season.
But
the
conditions
that
led
to
this
desperate
situation
well
inevitably
occur
again,
hitting
cities
all
over
the
planet.
???
As
the
climate
warms,
extreme
droughts
and
vanishing
water
supplies
will
likely
become
more
common.
But
even
without
the
added
impact
of
climate
change,
normal
rainfall
variation
plays
an
enormous
role
in
year-to-year
water
availability.
These
ordinary
patterns
now
have
extraordinary
effects
because
urban
populations
have
had
a
tremendous
growth:
by
2050
the
United
Nations
projects
that
two
thirds
of
the
world's
people
will
live
in
cities.
Urban
planners
and
engineers
need
to
learn
from
past
rainfall
variability
to
improve
their
predictions
and
take
future
demand
into
account
to
build
more
resilient
infrastructure.
???
How
did
Cape
Town
get
into
a
Day
Zero
situation?
The
city
gets
its
water
from
six
reservoirs
in
Western
Cape
province,
which
usually
fill
up
during
the
rainy
season,
from
May
through
August.
But
since
2015
the
region
has
been
suffering
from
the
worst
drought
in
a
century,
and
the
water
in
those
reservoirs
dwindled(减少)
dangerously.
Compounding
the
problem,
Cape
Town's
population
has
grown
substantially,
increasing
demand.
The
city
actually
did
a
pretty
good
job
of
keeping
demand
low
by
reducing
leaks
in
the
system,
a
major
cause
of
water
waste,
and
has
even
won
awards
for
its
conservation
policies.
But
the
government
of
South
Africa
was
slow
to
declare
a
national
disaster
in
the
areas
hit
hardest
by
the
drought,
paving
the
way
for
the
recent
crisis.
???
Fortunately,
steps
can
be
taken
to
avoid
urban
water
crises.
In
general,
a
combination
of
approaches
that
relies
on
multiple
water
sources
is
probably
most
effective.
Cape
Town
has
already
begun
implementing
a
number
of
projects,
including
tapping
groundwater
and
building
water-recycling
plants.
???
The
global
community
has
an
opportunity
right
now
to
take
action
to
prevent
a
series
of
Day
Zero
crises.
If
we
don't
act,
many
cities
may
soon
face
a
time
when
there
isn't
a
drop
to
drink.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4.BDAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段可知,美国阿拉斯加的希什马廖夫小村庄因受到全球变暖的影响,每天损失3米海岸线,面临被淹没的悲惨命运,因此选B项。
2.推理判断题。投票结果是89:78。这说明有些人不赞成搬迁。结合第五段的第二句可知,一些人世代生活在这里,不愿意离开。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段的第一句可知,搬迁的费用预计大约需要1.8亿美元,当局正在寻求州和联邦资金。因此选A项。
4.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了美国阿拉斯加州的希什马廖夫小村庄,由于全球变暖,海水上升造成了它的海岸线正在减少,因此人们投票决定是否搬迁及其相关情况。
2.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,由数据得出,儿童死亡与环境问题有关。暴露在被污染的空气中的孩子们的健康会以多种方式被损害,从而导致从出生体重低到儿童肥胖等情况。由此可知,第二段主要说的是空气污染已对儿童健康造成严重影响。故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据语境可知,本句中的"revealed(揭示)
by
these
new
data"是指上文的相关数据,那些数据主要是关于因空气污染而死亡的儿童数量和其中与环境有关的死亡人数,故推测"toll"表示“伤亡人数”,与number
意义相近,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中"The
report
stressed
that
health
experts
should
communicate
with
families,
communities
and
policymakers
about
the
serious
risks
of
air
pollution
exposure."可知,健康专家应与家庭、社区和决策者们就暴露于空气污染的严重风险进行沟通,让更多的人了解空气污染的风险和危害,从而减少暴露在污染的空气中。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段的"Disease
caused
by
dirty
air
is
more
common
in
low-and-middle
income
countries"可知,由污染空气引起的疾病在中低收入国家更为常见,即在中低收入国家,空气污染更为严重。故选D项。
3.答案：1-4.ABCD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"The
Andean
village
Chinchero...
Sweeping
views
of
snow-covered
peaks
rule
the
horizon."可知,本段主要描述了位于安第斯山脉中的村庄——Chinchero周围的美丽风景。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段的"The
new
airport
could
quadruple(使变为四倍)
tourists,
to
6
million
from
1.
5
million
a
year,
which
would
mean
a
burden
of
22,000
visitors
a
day.
President
Vizcarra
supported
the
project
in
2018
as
a
way
to
get
support
in
southern
Peru."可知,机场修好后,游客的数量会提髙四倍,为了赢得秘鲁南方的支持,总统同意了修建机场。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段的"This
doubtful
project
would
damage
the
heartland
of
the
Inca
civilisation...
pollution
and
uncontrolled
urbanisa-tion."和倒数第二段的"The
airport's
construction
could
reduce
the
watershed
of
Lake
Piuray...
where
few
people
live."可知,在这个地方修建机场,对当地的动植物、印加文明的中心地带以及村庄等都有着消极的影响。
4.观点态度题。综合第二段的信息以及最后一段的"Instead
of
another
airport,
Peru
should
develop
sustainable
tourism
and
invest
in
infrastructure
to
make
these
areas
more
accessible."可知,作者认为秘鲁政府应该发展可持续性旅游业,投资基础设施建设,而不应该在著名的古文化遗址建设机场。故选D项。
A项表示“中立的”;B项表示“赞成的”;C项表示“漠不关心的”,这些与文章的整体语气不符。
4.答案：1-4.BCDA
解析：1.推理判断题。结合第三段的"Once
found
in
the
millions,
as
few
as
300
red
siskins
remain
in
Venezuela"和后面的内容可知,原先这种鸟有几百万只,但是现在只有300只了;对于这些鸟来说,剩下的时间不多了,除非人类立即采取保护措施。因此这句话说明了保护它们的紧迫性。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的"The
plan
is
to
have
farmers
plant
organic
coffee
plants
which
are
covered
with
branches
that
make
good
nesting
places
for
the
birds."可知,这种有机咖啡植物的树枝可以为这种鸟提供良好的筑巢的地方。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段的"They
will
be
able
to
set
prices
for
such
'high
quality'
products
that
can
be
five
times
higher
than
legal
prices
set
by
the
government."可知,参与这个保护项目的农民们可既以高价出售他们的咖啡。
4.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一些科学家和委内瑞拉的一些农民们种植一种有机咖啡植物,从而为当地濒临灭绝的红色黄雀提供良好的栖息地,以此来拯救这些珍贵的鸟类。故A项符合主题。
二、
答案：①-⑤
EFCBG
解析：①上文提示"那么为什么鸟类会迁徙呢?"，E项"There
is
more
than
one
reason
for
different
birds
to
migrate.（不同鸟类迁徙的原因不止一个。）"承接上文。故选E。
②上文提示"由于每年春天北方的食物资源丰富，所以数以百万计的鸟迁徙到那里寻找食物供应"，F项"As
the
food
supplies
decrease
in
fall,
they
return
to
warm
regions.（随着秋天食物供应的减少，它们回到温暖的地区。）"承接上文，故选F。
③上文提示"鸟类利用各种各样的适宜条件来养育后代"，C项"This
increases
the
surviving
chances
of
little
chicks.（这增加了幼鸟的生存机会。）"承接上文，故选C。
④上文提示"鸟类进化出不同类型的羽毛以在不同的气候中生存下来"，下文提示"例如，当气温开始下降，它们需要更温暖的栖息地时，许多鸟类离开北极的繁育地"，所以B项"And
changes
in
those
climates
can
affect
migration.（那些气候的变化会影响迁徙。）"符合语境，故选B。
⑤上文提示"全年都有丰富食物资源的栖息地也吸引了更多的捕食者，这些捕食者会威胁到它们的巢穴"，下文提示"这使它们的后代有更好的机会长到成年"，所以G项Therefore,
birds
migrate
to
different
habitats
to
avoid
being
eaten
by
predators.（所以鸟类迁徙到不同的栖息地以避免被捕食者吃掉。）承接上下文，故选G。
三、
答案：1-5
BADCB
6-10
BDACC
11-15
ACBDA
解析：1.由前一句中的
The
Jeep
was
fully
packed和下文的
set
off
towards
their
new
home可知，大家都拥进车里准备出发，也包括（including）萨姆。故选B项。
2.根据后一句中的
Alex
drove
for
miles可知，亚历克斯发动（started）了车的引擎。故选A项。
3.由空前一句中的
they
needed
more
supplies可知，他们需要些日用品，所以是在超市那里停（stopped）车了。故选D项。
4.根据空前的
driving
into
the
parking
lot可知，进停车场要寻找（hunt）车位停车。故选C项。
5.根据空后的
many
cars,
shopping
carts,
flashing
lights
and
busy
people可知，停车场很拥挤（crowded）。故选B项。
6.由前一句中的
many
cars,
shopping
carts,
flashing
lights
and
busy
people可知，停车场很拥挤，人和车很多，所以萨姆应是觉得被噪音（noise）包围。故选B项。
7.根据下一段第一句
Alex
was
about
to
pull
in
when
a
strange
car
suddenly
pulled
into
the
empty
spot.可知，此处指亚历克斯找到了个空的（empty）车位。故选D项。
8.由上下文可知，司机把车停在了亚历克斯好不容易找到的车位上，然后直接冲向超市，这肯定让亚历克斯一家很生气。故anger符合语境。
9.根据后文的
Alex
caught
the
man可知，亚历克斯追上了那个人，所以他是快速（quickly）下车。故选C项。
10.根据本段最后一句
They
returned
to
the
parking
space
and
_____
their
cars
so
that
they
could
both
park
there.可知，他们把车共同停在空的车位上，所以是分享（share）车位。故选C项。
11.由上文可知，两个人要分享车位，而一个车位上停两辆车应该是需要调整（adjusted）车的位置。故选A项。
12.此处为同义复现。根据最后一段的第三句
It
made
a
strong
impression
on
him.可知，整件事让萨姆印象深刻（impressed）。
impressed和
impression为原词复现。故选C项。
13.由上下文可知，亚历克斯把车和陌生人的车停在一起后就进超市买东西去了，这说明整件事以和平方式落幕。故peacefully符合语境。
14.由上文可知，车位被占后，父亲并没有生气，而是选择和陌生人一起分享车位，说明父亲是慷慨的。故
generous符合语境。mean意为“吝啬的”；
aggressive意为“挑衅的”。
15.由上文可知，车位被占，父亲并未生气，而是以和平的方式解决问题，这是一种善意（Kindness）。故选A项。
四、答案：which;
that;
their;
in;
to
pull;
using;
have
taken;
powerful;
strength;
a
解析：①考查关系代词。"with
which
they
could
kill
their
enemies..."是“介词
+
关系代词”引导的定语从句。
②考查强调句型。该句为强调句型,被强调的是时间状语"more
than
8,
000
years
ago"。
③考查形容词性物主代词。名词prey前应用形容词性物主代词作定语。
④考查介词。in
length是固定表达,意思是“在长度上”。
⑤考查不定式的用法。不定式短语"to
pull
the
string
of
the
longbow
all
the
way
back"作目的状语。
⑥考查现在分词的用法。现在分词短语"using
this
bow"作定语,修饰anyone,
use与主语anyone之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。
⑦考查时态。时间状语"in
the
past
twenty-five
years"常与现在完成时连用;本句主语为复数名词,故谓语用复数形式。
⑧考查形容词。空格处所填单词在句中作表语,故用power的形容词形式。
⑨考查名词。空格处所填单词在句中作主语,需用strong的名词形式。
⑩考查冠词。此处意思是:它(弓)是人类历史上的一大进步。表示泛指,应用不定冠词;great是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。
五、
1.答案：Dear
Editor,
???
I'm
a
student
at
a
middle
school.
I'm
writing
to
express
my
great
concern
for
the
environment
in
my
hometown.
Thick
forests
and
green
grass
used
to
be
seen.
However,
as
people
here
cut
down
many
trees
to
build
houses
and
grow
more
crops,
the
forests
were
seriously
destroyed.
Besides,
because
of
climate
changes
it
rains
little
now.
As
a
result,
sandstorms
occur
frequently.
To
prevent
the
process
of
desertification,
all
the
people
should
take
good
care
of
the
forests
and
plant
more
trees.
Looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
Yours,
Li
hua
2.答案：???
The
world
faces
severe
water
shortage
due
to
droughts
and
population
growth.
Cape
Town
is
a
typical
example.
In
addition
to
the
above
mentioned
causes,
the
city
fell
into
water
crisis
because
of
the
government's
untimely
warning.
Now
it
is
solving
the
water
problem
mainly
by
expanding
water
supplies.
The
world
should
also
act
now
to
prevent
a
global
water
crisis.
(60
words)
