自招英语教师辅导教案
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课程主题：自招讲义--名词性从句＋十一选十
授课时间：
学习目标
掌握名词性从句的用法
进行自招综合训练
教学内容
建议5min
We
have
heard
about
people
who
have
special
memories.
Recently
there
has
been
a
report
about
a
woman
from
Australia
who
can
remember
almost
every
single
d_81___
of
all
the
events
in
her
daily
life.
Rebecca
Sharrock,
25,
is
one
of
just
80
people
worldwide
who
have
been
identified
as
having
Highly
Superior
Autobiographical
Memory
(超级自传体记忆症).
It
means
she
can
remember
every
small
event-
which
most
people
would
f__82__
within
days
–as
id
it
had
happened
just
moments
ago.
“I
remember
my
mum
placing
me
in
the
driver’s
seat
of
a
car
and
taking
a
picture
of
me
when
I
was
12
days
old,”
she
said.
“That’s
my
e_83___
memory,
I
remember
very
day
since
then.
I
can’t
tell
all
the
dates
e___84_
because
I
was
too
young
to
understand
calendars,
but
I
remember
what
I
did
that
day,
what
the
weather
was
like
and
so
on.”
Rebecca
can
also
re-experience
taste.
If
she’s
eating
something
unpleasant,
she
thinks
about
Black
Forest
cake,
her
favorite
food,
and
the
memory
will
be
so
p_85___
that
she
can
nearly
“taste”
it.
However,
there
are
times
when
her
memories
prove
to
be
painful
as
it’s
not
just
events
that
she
remembers.
“When
I
relive
(再体验)
memories,
the
feelings
r__86___
,
too.”
Rebecca
said,
“For
example,
I
remember
falling
over
when
I
was
three
at
my
grandparents’
house
and
hurting
my
left
knee.
Talking
about
it
now,
I
feel
painful
in
my
left
knee.”
“At
night,
I
have
to
sleep
with
the
r_87____
and
a
soft
light
on,”
she
added.
“If
it’s
too
dark
or
quiet,
my
mind
would
be
filled
with
all
these
memories
and
I
can’t
sleep.”
Key:81-87:
detail
forget
earliest
exactly
pleasant/powerful
return
radio/recorder
1.
Being
________,
he
always
had
an
eye
to
the
main
chance.
(ambition)
2.
The
food
is
easy
to
go
bad
when
the
________
in
the
house
is
too
high.
(humid)
3.
The
tourist
area
is
dotted
with
historic
and
_________
attractions.
(scene)
4.
We
seem
to
have
a
_________
memory
for
the
best
bits
of
the
past.
(select)
5.
We
laughed
at
her
_________
in
the
kitchen;
she
couldn’t
boil
water.
(experience)
6.
The
film
is
technically
______,
but
lacks
real
excitement
in
plot.
(impress)
7.
It
made
me
a
little
_________
that
t
wasn’t
a
true
member
of
their
club.
(envy)
8.
It
was
stormy,
windy
weather,
and
the
waves
crashed
_________
under
their
feet.
(violence)
Ⅴ.
Complete
the
following
sentences
as
required
(根据所给要求，完成下列句子。每空限填一词)
：（共14分）
1.
“I’ll
return
the
DVDs
to
Mary
as
soon
as
possible”,
said
Mike.
(改为宾语从句)
Mike
said
he
_______
________
back
the
DVDs
to
Mary
as
soon
as
possible.
2.
Students
who
went
on
a
sightseeing
tour
enjoyed
themselves
in
the
Movie
Park.
(保持句意不变)
Student
who
went
on
a
sightseeing
tour
______
the
time
of
their
________
in
the
Movie
Park.
3.
Alice’s
girlfriend
were
jealous
when
they
saw
her
new
dress.
(保持句意不变)
Alice’s
girlfriend
were
_______
with
_______
when
they
saw
her
new
dress.
4.
The
girl
was
eight
years
old.
She
had
a
talk
with
my
father.
(保持句意不变)
My
father
had
a
talk
with
a
girl
___________________.
5.
The
teacher
sometimes
makes
the
students
repeat
the
questions
in
class.
(改为被动语态)
The
students
are
sometimes
_________
__________
repeat
the
questions
in
class.
6.
The
new
computer
cost
Mr.
Black
a
lot
of
money.
(改为否定句)
The
new
computer
______
cost
Mr.
Black
_______
money.
7.
there,
20
million,
people,
in,
Shanghai,
are,
living.
(连词成句)
____________________________________________?
1-8
ambitious
humidity
scenic
selective
inexperience
impressive
envious
violently
V
1.
would
give
2.
had
lives
3.
filled
envy
4.
aged
eight
5.
made
to
6.
didn’t
much
7.
Are
there
20
million
people
living
in
Shanghai?
建议5min
名词性从句翻译练习1
我是否接受邀请不关你的事。Whether
她迟到的原因是她误了车。Reason
我认为她不太在意我的话。Believe
我们毫不怀疑他是最佳篮球运动员之一。Doubt
很有可能他将老师的话都忘了。Likely
【答案】
Whether
I’ll
accept
the
invitation
is
none
of
your
business.
The
reason
why
she
was
late
for
the
class
was
that
she
missed
the
bus.
I
don’t
believe
she
cares
much
about
what
I
said.
We
have
no
doubt
that
he
is
one
of
the
best
basketball
players.
It
is
likely
that
he
forgot
what
the
teacher
said.
建议70min
一、名词性从句总述
1.
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句
(Noun
Clauses）。
1）名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2）因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句。
主语从句
What
he
wants
to
tell
us
is
not
clear.
名词性从句
宾语从句
He
has
told
me
that
he
will
go
to
Shanghai
tomorrow.
表语从句
The
fact
is
that
we
have
lost
the
game.
同位语从句
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back
home.
这里重点强调一下同位语从句，顾名思义，所谓同位语从句就是一个句子与主句中某一个名词互为同位语！
那么什么是同位语呢，很简单就是相同地位，相同成分，平起平坐，
A(名词)=B（从句）,
B（从句）=A（名词）,
去掉任何一部分（A/B）对整个句子都不影响。
而且与从句互为同位语的名词一般为抽象名词，例如：advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、
message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1.连词：that（无任何词意）whether,
if（均表示“是否”）as
if
,as
though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在
从句中均不充当任何成分
2.
连接代词：what,
whatever,
who,
whoever,
whom,
whose,
whichever,
whomever
3.
连接副词：when,
where,
how,
why,
how
many,
how
much,
how
often
连接词的判定：根据连接词在从句中所做的不同的成分，我们可以归纳如下：
人
物
主语
：
who
what
宾语：
whom
what
名词性从句
表语：
whom
what
定语：
which
what
whose
状语：
when
where
why
how
(how
many,
how
much,
how
often)
不做成份：that
if/whether
as
if
/as
though
because
3.
名词性从句解题思路
1.
从句子结构入手，首先分清楚简单句和复合句。
2.
连词的选用依据
“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；
方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether
和if（是否）。
二、名词性从句知识点详解
知识点1：主语从句
一、主语从句的定义
在复合句中作主句的主语的从句。
二、主语从句的关系词
引导词有连词that
(that
不可省)，whether；
代词有who,
whoever,
what
,which；副词
when
,where,
how,
why
等。如:
1.由从属连词引导的主语从句：
a.?Whether?the?country?should?build?a?nuclear?power?station?is?something?we?must?discuss.?
b.?That?light?travels?in?straight?line?is?known?to?all.
=It
is
known
to
us
all
that
light
travels
in
straight?line
.
注意
：连词that,
whether引导的主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略，多用it作形式主语。
2.由连接代词引导的主语从句：
a.?What?we?need?is?more?time.?=
The
thing
that
we
need
is
more
time.
b.?Which?type?of?coal?they?are?going?to?burn?needs?to?be?decided.
c.?Whoever?is?here?gets?a?prize.
注意：who是连接代词，引导主语从句，在从句中作主语不能省略，what引导的主语从句有时相当于
“先行词+that”
3.由连接副词引导的主语从句：
a.?When?the?plane?is?to?take?off?hasn’t?been?announced.
b.?Where?he?has?been?is?still?a?puzzle.?
c.?How?much?water?is?flowing?can?be?measured?easily.?
注意：
(1)单个主语从句作主语时（包括两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句），谓语动词要用单数；如果由and
连
接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
When
the
meeting
will
begin
has
not
been
decided
yet.
When
they
will
start
and
where
they
go
have
not
been
decided
yet.
When
and
where
the
meeting
will
begin
has
not
been
decided
yet.
主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式
主语?it，而把主语从句移到句未去。?it?作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：
1）It?+?be?+?形容词?+?that从句
It?is?quite?clear?that?Tom?was?fond?of?music.
2）It?+?be?+?名词?+?that从句
It?is?a?pity?that?she?has?made?such?a?foolish?mistake.
3）It?+?be?+?过去分词?+?that从句
It’s?not?yet?decided?that?when?the?test?will?be?given.?
4）It?seems,?happens?等不及物动词?+?that从句
It?happened?that?I?didn’t?take?any?money?with?me.?
It
seems
that
he
doesn’t
like
the
dish.
注意：it作为形式主语引导的主语从句是考试的重点，需要主要和强调句型区分开来。
要注意以下情况：
1.
当what引导的主语从句表示“……东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。?
What?he?needs?is?more?experience.
2.
表示“无论……”Whatever,?whoever,?whichever引导的主语从句一般也不用it作形式主语。
如：
Whatever
he
has
done
is
right.
Whichever
he
likes
has
nothing
to
do
with
me.
whatever,?whoever,?whichever还可连接让步状语从句，相当于no
matter
what/who/which
Whatever
(=no
matter
what)
he
has
done,
I
can
forgive
him.
但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。
a.
It?doesn’t
matter?whether?he?likes?or?not.?
b.
It’s?said?that?the?highway?will?be?open?to?traffic?next?year.?
c.
Is?it?likely?that?it?will?snow?in?the?afternoon?
d.
It
turned
out
that
he
was
right.
e.
It
happened
that
he
took
the
same
train.
主语从句不在句首，可以用if代替?whether,?但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.
a.
It’s?not?clear?to?me?whether?(?if?)?she?likes?to?join?our?discussion.?
b.
Whether?she?likes?to?join?our?discussion?is?not?clear?to?me.
(3)
It
作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It
作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句句型的结构为：It
is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句（如果被强调部分是人，也可用
who代替that），是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人
是也可用who/whom。例如：
It
is
a
pity
that
you
didn’t
go
to
see
the
film.
It
doesn’t
interest
me
whether
you
succeed
or
not.
It
is
in
the
morning
that
the
murder
took
place.
It
is
John
that
broke
the
window.
注意：此点是常考点，也是易错点。因为强调句型的检验符合去掉it
be和that如果剩下的部分稍加调整句序是正确的，如果不是这样就是主语从句。
【例题精讲】
1．Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
she
couldn't
understand
was
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
A.
What...
why
B.
That.
.
.
what
C.
What..
.
because
D.
Why..
.
that
2.
It
worried
her
a
bit
her
hair
was
turning
gray.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
if
D.
for
3.
It
is
pretty
well
understood
controls
the
flow
of
carbon
dioxide
in
and
out
the
atmosphere
today.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
what
D.
how
4.
man
first
made
use
of
electricity
is
not
exactly
known.
A.
When
B.
If
C.
That
D.
What
5.
we
will
have
a
meeting
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
A.
If
B.
That
C.
What
D.
Whether
【答案】
1-5
ABCAD
【巩固练习】
1．Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
we
are
saying
is
more
than
we
will
do.
A.
That...
that
B.
What...
what
C.
Whatever..
.
that
D.
As...
as
2.
leaves
last
turns
off
the
light.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
No
matter
who
D.
Whomever
3.
wins
the
prize
may
get
the
car.
A.
Who
B.
Whom
C.
Whomever
D.
Whoever
4.
a
pity
that
I
didn't
see
you
last
week.
A.
That's
B.
What's
C.
It's
D.
There's
5.
she
will
come
is
certain.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
/
D.
Whether
6.
we
go
swimming
every
day
us
a
lot
of
good.
A.
If...
do
B.
That...
do
C.
That...
does
D.
If...
does
7.
has
questions
can
ask
the
teacher
after
class.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
Anybody
D.
One
8.
is
one
of
the
most
useful
and
fascinating
divisions
of
human
knowledge
is
widely
accepted.
A.
Where
chemistry
B.
That
chemistry
C.
What
chemistry
D.
Chemistry
9.
It's
known
to
us
chewing
gum
helps
prevent
tooth
decay.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
how
10.
Does
matter
if
he
can't
finish
the
job
on
time?
A.
this
B.
that
C.
he
D.
it
11.
water
can
be
used
to
electricity
is
true.
A.
That...
producing
B.
That...
produce
C.
This...
producing
D.
This...
produces
12.
After
Yang
Liwei
succeeded
in
circling
the
earth,
our
astronauts
desire
to
do
is
to
walk
in
space.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
How
13
It
is
doubtful
he
knows
it
or
not.
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
whether
14.
caused
the
accident
is
still
a
complete
mystery.
A.
What
B.
That
C.
How
D.
Where
15.
they
will
hold
a
sports
meeting
next
week
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
A.
If
B.
That
C.
What
D.
Whether
16.
It
doesn't
matter
will
take
charge
of
the
work.
A.
who
B.
whoever
C.
whom
D.
whomever
17.
is
worth
doing
at
all
is
worth
doing
well.
A.
That
B.
Which
C.
Whatever
D.
It
18.
land
ownership
in
some
countries
is
unfair
obvious.
A.
What...
is
B.
Whether.
..
are
C.
That...
is
D.
If...
is
19.
some
mammals
came
to
live
in
the
sea
is
not
known.
A.
That
B.
Since
C.
Although
D.
How
20.
troubles
me
is
my
son
can
finish
all
he
is
expected
to
do.
A.
That...
whether...
/
B.
What...
if...
that
C.
That...
if...
what
D.
What.
..
whether...
/
【答案】1-5BBDCA
6-10
CBBBD
11-15BBDAD
16-20
ACCDD
知识点2：表语从句
一、表语从句定义
Key
concept:
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
Eg.
（1）
The
problem
is
puzzling.
这个问题令人困惑。
主语+连系动词+形容词作表语
（2）The
problem
is
when
we
can
get
a
pay
rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句）［when
we
can
get
a
pay
rise］
二、表语从句的引导词
主语从句引导词分为三类，具体内容如下所示：
1.
That
Eg.
His
suggestion
is
that
we
should
stay
calm.
总结：引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：
Eg.
My
idea
is
(that)
we
should
do
it
right
away.
The
trouble
is
(that)
he
is
ill.
2.
Whether
Eg.
The
question
is
whether
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.
The
question
is
if
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.
总结：名词性从句中whether
&
if
的用法比较：
if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether
来引导。
引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换，但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。
位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导；
同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。
3.
because，as，as
if/
though
Eg.1)
He
looked
just
as
he
had
looked
ten
years
before.
2)
It
sounds
as
if
someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
3)
It's
just
because
he
doesn't
know
her.
1.
What(ever)
Eg.
The
scissors
are
not
what
I
need.
总结：
What
与that
在引导表语从句时的区别：
What
引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，what在表语从句中充当直接宾语；
that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略
2.
Who(ever)/whom(ever)
Eg.
The
problem
is
who/whom
we
can
get
to
replace
her.
3.
which(ever)
Eg.
What
I
want
to
know
is
which
road
we
should
take.?
注意：which
road
we
should
take在本句中作整个句子的表语，由which引导的表语从句,
在从句中which
作road的定语，由此判断从句连接词选择which.
1.
where
Eg.
This
is
where
they
once
lived.
注意：where
they
once
lived在本句中作整个句子的表语，由Where引导的表语从句,
在从句中缺少地点状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择Where。
2.
When
Eg.
The
question
is
when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel.
注意：when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel在本句中作整个句子的表语，由when引导的表语从句,
在从句中缺少时间状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择when。
3.
Why
Eg.
The
question
is
why
he
cried
yesterday.
注意：why
he
cried
yesterday在本句中作整个句子的表语，由why引导的表语从句，在从句中缺少原因状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择why。
总结：
because，why引导的表语从句区别：
强调部分不一样：
Eg.
That's
because
he
didn't
understand
me.
That's
why
he
got
angry
with
me.
注意：That's
because…强调原因；
That's
why…强调结果
注意：what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，
不宜用because.
Eg.
The
reason
why
I
was
sad
was
that
he
didn't
understand
me.
4.
How
Eg.
The
problem
is
how
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
注意：how
we
can
get
the
things
we
need在本句中作整个句子的表语，由how引导的表语从句，在从句中
缺少方式状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择how。
【例题精讲】
1.
—Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday's
game?
—Oh,
that's
.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
2.
He
never
works
hard.
And
that's
he
seldom
passes
the
exams.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
why
3.
The
reason
she
gave
for
not
being
present
was
the
heavy
snow
prevented
her
coming.
A.
/.,
because
B.
why,
because
C.
/,
that
D.
why,
whether
4.
Air
to
us
is
water
is
to
fish.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
is
that
5.
I
don't
know
is
I
was
born.
A.
that,
when
B.
that,
what
C.
that,
where
D.
what,
where
【答案】1-5
ADC
AC
【巩固练习】
1.
—I
drove
to
Zhuhai
for
the
air
show
last
week
.
—Is
that_____
you
had
a
few
days
off？
A.
why
B
.what
C.
when
D.
where
2.
I
had
neither
a
raincoat
nor
an
umbrella
____I
got
wet
through.
A.
It’s
the
reason
B.
That’s
why
C.
There’s
why
D.
It’s
how
3.
See
the
flags
on
top
of
the
building?
That
was
______
we
did
this
morning.
A.
when
B.
which
C.
where
D.
what
4.
---
Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday’s
game?
---Oh,
that’s
_____.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
5.
What
surprised
me
was
not
what
he
said
but
______
he
said
it.
A.
the
way
B.
in
the
way
that
C.
in
the
way
D.
the
way
which
【答案】1-5
ABDAA
知识点3：宾语从句
一、宾语从句定义
Key
concept:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。通常可以分为介词宾语，动词宾语和形容词宾语。
宾语从句的引导词
1.
That
Eg.
He
told
me
(that)he
would
go
to
college
the
next
year
他告诉我他明年上大学.
扩展：that不能省略的情况
当that作learn,
suggest,
explain,
agree,
wonder,
prove,
mean,
state,
feel,
hold等动词的宾语时
当宾语从句较长时
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略
当宾语从句中的主语是this,
that或this,
that做主语的定语时
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时
2.
Whether/if
Eg.
I
don’t
know
if
there
will
be
a
bus
any
more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody
knew
whether
he
could
pass
the
exam.
没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词主要有who,
whom,
whose,
what,
whoever,
whomever,
whosever,
whatever,
whichever等,
连接代词一般指疑问，但what,
whatever除了指代疑问外，也可以指陈述。
1.
What(ever)
Eg.
The
book
will
show
you
what
the
best
CEOs
should
know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
2.
Who(ever)/whom(ever)
Eg.
Do
you
know
who
has
won
Red
Alert
game
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？
3.
which(ever)
Eg.
Have
you
determined
whichever
you
should
buy,
a
Motorola
or
Nokia
cell
phone
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词主要有when,
where,
why,
how,
whenever,
wherever,
however等.
1.
where
Eg.
None
of
us
knows
where
these
new
parts
can
be
bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。
2.
When
Eg.
He
didn’t
tell
me
when
we
should
meet
again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
3.
Why
Eg.
He
didn’t
ask
me
why
I
turned
her
down.
他没有问我拒绝他的原因。
4.
How
Eg.
Could
you
please
tell
me
how
you
use
the
new
panel
?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？
三、宾语从句的时态
1）主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限”
2）主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过”
3）主句用过去时，从句是客观真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。
Eg.
The
teacher
said
that
the
moon
goes
around
the
earth
yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
4）情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。
当主句为过去式，从句的时态用法
a)
从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Eg.
I
only
knew
he
was
studying
in
a
western
country,
but
I
didn’t
know
what
country
he
was
in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.
He
asked
me
if
I
was
reading
the
story
The
Old
Man
and
the
Sea
when
he
was
in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
b)
从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
Eg.
He
told
me
that
he
had
told
Mary
about
the
meeting
already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
c)
从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Eg.
The
reporter
asked
if
the
government
would
take
necessary
measures
to
put
down
the
to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
四、宾语从句否定转移
Eg.
I
don’t
think
he
will
come
to
my
party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I
don’t
believe
that
man
is
killed
by
Jim,
is
he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，对吗？
注意：以上两句例句中都不能讲否定放置于后面的动词上，而不能说成I
think
he
won’t
come
to
my
party和I
don’t
believe
that
man
is
not
killed
by
Jim.
具体归纳总结见下表。
Eg.
We
find
that
he
never
listens
to
the
teacher
carefully,
does
he？
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？
总结：
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式，常见的形容词接在表思维行为的动词之后。
扩展：
Eg.
It
doesn't
seem
that
they
know
where
to
go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It
doesn't
sound
as
if
he
knew
what
had
happened.
听起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事情。
It
doesn't
look
like
it's
going
to
rain.
看起来好像不会下雨。
五、宾语从句高考重难点突击：
1.
形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
Eg.
I
think
it
necessary
that
we
take
plenty
of
hot
water
every
day
.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.。
Eg.
I
hate
it
when
they
say
with
their
mouths
full
of
food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Eg.
We
all
consider
what
you
said
to
be
unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We
discovered
what
we
had
learned
to
be
valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
六、表语从句与宾语从句的异同：
1.
动词性质
i
宾语是跟在及物动词和介词后面的句子成分，宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，英语的及物动词
须有宾语，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后面也要有宾语。某些形容词如
(worth)值得、(able)
能够、(sure)肯定.
(careful)小心。
ii
表语是跟在系动词后面的句子成分，系动词一般就是指be动词和感官动词（see,
hear,
feel,
touch……）
E.g.
1.He(主语）
is(系动词）
a
student(表语）.
2.He(主语)
plays(谓语，及物动词)
basketball(宾语)
well(程度副词)
3.He(主语)
lives
in(介词）a
big
house(宾语)
总结：宾语从句就是一个从句去充当宾语
表语从句就是一个句子去充当表语
2.
语序
宾语从句和表语的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语
+
谓语”这种形式。
3.
时态
宾语从句：当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。
表语从句：具体语境具体分析，不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
【例题精讲】
1.
His
words
don't
agree
withthe
boss
asks
for,
so
we
don't
know
what
to
do.
A.
what
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
when
2.
It
was
he
said
disappointed
me.
A.
what...
that
B.
that...
that
C.
what...
what
D.
that..
.
what
3.
What
has
made
Vietnamit
is
today?
A.
that
B.
for
C.
which
D.
what
4.
I
hope
that
I
you
at
the
party
this
weekend.
A.
would
see
B.
should
see
C.
will
see
D.
see
5.
—I
blamed
Mary
yesterday.
—I
would
rather
you
.
A.
didn't
do
that
B.
hadn't
done
that
C.
wouldn't
do
that
D.
shouldn't
have
done
that
【答案】1-5
AADCB
【巩固练习】
1.
He
was
born
in________is
now
known
as
Xiangyang.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
where
there
D.
where
2.
They
were
surprised
that
a
child________the
problems________they
themselves
couldn't.
A.
would
solve...
once
B.
worked
out..
.
that
C.
should
work
out.
.
.
while
D.
would
settle.
.
.
but
3.
we
can't
get
seems
better
thanwe
have.
A.
What...
what
B.
What...
that
C.
That.
.
.
that
D.
That...
what
4.
When
we
arrived
inour
apartment
was
supposed
to
be,
all
I
could
see
was
a
school.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
5.
Don't
alwaysthat
parents
will
give
children
whatever
they
want.
A.
take
it
for
granted
B.
take
it
as
granted
C.
take
for
granted
D.
grant
it
6.
Evidence
came
upspecific
speech
sounds
are
recognized
by
babies
as
young
as
six
months
old.
A.
what
B.
whose
C.
that
D.
which
7.
We
all
considerof
great
importance
that
we
should
combine
theory
with
practice.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
which
D.
this
8.
I'm
not
sure.
A.
what
is
the
assignment
of
tomorrow
B.
what
will
the
assignment
for
tomorrow
be
C.
what
will
be
the
assignment
of
tomorrow
D.
what
the
assignment
for
tomorrow
is
9.
Give
the
prize
to
you
think
did
the
work
well.
A.
who
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whatever
10.
Could
you
tell
me
where
?
A.
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
located
B.
the
nearest
bus
stop
is
located
C.
is
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
D.
located
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
11.
—Did
you
go
to
watch
the
football
match?
—No,
but
I
wish
I
.
A.
did
B.
went
C.
had
D.
would
12.
Thoroughly
confused,
he
hesitated
to
report.
A.
what
did
he
see
B.
what
he
had
seen
C.
what
had
he
seen
D.
what
he
was
seen
13.
I
don't
doubt
she
will
learn
a
lot
during
her
stay
in
Paris.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
that
D.
what
14.
Everything
depends
onwe
have
enough
experience.
A.
if
B.
what
C.
which
D.
whether
15.
He
usually
goes
to
work
on
his
bike
exceptit
rains.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
when
D.
whether
16.
The
boy
has
not
changed
at
all
excepthe
is
no
longer
so
talkative.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
what
D.
if
17.
You
can
write
abouttopic
you
can
think
of.
A.
however
B.
wherever
C.
whenever
D.
whatever
18.
The
owner
of
the
shop
came
to
see
what.
A.
the
matter
was
B.
the
wrong
was
C.
was
the
matter
D.
was
the
wrong
19.
We
don't
care
they
will
not
come
tomorrow.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
when
D.
that
20.
We
made
a
rule
that
we
read
English
in
the
morning.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
21.
We
cannot
figure
out
quite
a
number
of
insects,
birds,
and
animals
are
dying-out.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
why
D.
when
22.
Mr.
Wang
is
to
give
us
a
report
onhe
saw
and
heard
in
Australia.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
whether
D.
which
23.
I
know
nothing
about
the
accidentI
read
in
the
newspaper.
A.
except
what
B.
except
that
C.
except
for
D.
except
24.
Someone
is
ringing
the
doorbell.
Go
and
see.
A.
who
is
he
B.
who
he
is
C.
who
is
it
D.
who
it
is
25.
The
true
value
of
life
is
not
in
,
but
in
.
A.
how
you
get.
.
.
that
you
give
B.
which
you
get.
.
.
what
you
give
C.
what
do
you
get...
what
do
you
give
D.
what
you
get...
what
you
give
26.
When
we
arrived
in
an
old
temple
was
supposed
to
be,
all
we
could
see
was
just
a
railway
station.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
27.
Sarah
hopes
to
become
a
friend
ofshares
her
interests.
A.
anyone
B.
whomever
C.
no
matter
who
D.
whoever
28.
These
wild
flowers
are
so
special
that
I
would
doI
can
to
save
them.
A.
whatever
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whichever
29.
You
can't
imagine
when
they
received
these
nice
Christmas
presents.
A.
how
they
were
excited
B.
how
excited
they
were
C.
how
excited
were
they
D.
they
were
how
excited
30.
Eat
cake
you
like
and
leave
the
others
forcomes
late.
A.
any..
.
who
B.
whichever.
.
.
whoever
C.
whatever...
whom
D.
every...
who
【答案】
1-5
BCABA
6-10
CBDBB
11-15
C
B
C
D
C
16-20
BDCDA
21-25
CBADD
26-30
BDABB
知识点4：同位语从句
一、同位语从句的定义
在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列，补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句，
被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer,
hope,
fact,
truth,
belief,
news,
idea,
promise,
information,
conclusion,
order,
suggestion,
problem,
question,
thought,
report,
belief,
decision,
doubt,
opinion,
theory等抽象名词。
例如：
The
news
that
his
health
is
failing
made
us
sad.
他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
I
have
no
idea
where
they
are
spending
their
holidays.
我不知道他们在哪里度假。
The
question
who
should
do
the
work
requires
consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑.
There
is
no
doubt
that
he
will
come
here
again.他会再来这里，
这是毫无疑问的。
He
was
tortured
by
the
doubt
whether
he
would
accept
their
presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
二、同位语从句的关系词
1.
如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导，而且that不能省略。如
:
1）The
thought
that
we
might
success
excited
us.
2）The
idea
that
they
should
try
a
second
time
is
worth
considering.
2.
如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否、什么、谁、什么时候、什么地方、什么方式等含义时，则用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑问词引导。如：
1）The
question
whether
we
need
more
time
to
do
the
work
has
not
been
discussed.
我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未讨论。
2）I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
be
back.
3）She
raised
the
question
where
we
could
get
the
fund.
她提出这个问题，我们到哪里弄这笔资金。
4）I
have
some
doubt
whether
he
is
suitable
for
the
job.
他是否适合这份工作，我有点怀疑。
（比较：There’s
no
doubt
that
Robert
will
keep
his
promise.
毫无疑问，罗伯特会履行诺言的。）
注意：主句为肯定句时，doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导，主句为否定句时，doubt之后的同位语从句用that引导。
3.
有时可用namely（即），that
is
to
say,
in
other
words,
that
is,
i.e.(=that
is),
for
example
等列出同位语，说明其前面的名词（或代词）。如：
1）He
told
us
the
good
news,
namely,
the
museum
is
open
to
all.
2）There
is
only
one
way
of
improving
your
English,
that
is,
to
practice
more.
同位语从句与定语从句区别
1.
先行词不同：一般说来，定语从句的先行词由名词或代词充当，同位语从句的先行词常常是抽象名词，而且在定语从句中，when,
where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词，而同位语从句中没有此对应关系。
1）Those
who
want
to
go
please
sign
their
names
here.（定语从句）
2）We
express
the
hope
that
they
will
come
to
visit
China
again.（同位语从句）
3）He
didn’t
tell
us
the
date
when
he
would
come
back.（定语从句）
4）I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back.（同位语从句）
2.
从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的具体内容，于先行词是同位关系；定语从句用来修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词是修饰关系。
1）The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
2）The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
3.
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，作宾语时常可省略。
1）Dad
made
a
promise
that
he
would
buy
me
CD
player
if
I
passed
the
English
test.
（that
不充当任何成分）
2）Dad
made
a
promise
that
excited
all
his
children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
3）The
news
(that)
he
told
me
is
exciting.
(that
作宾语，可省略)
4.
when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
when
和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：
This
is
the
place
(where
the
accident
happened).
（定语从句）
They
put
forward
the
question
(where
they
could
get
the
money).
（同位语从句）
【例题精讲】
1.
Word
came
I
was
wanted
on
the
phone.
A.
which
B.
why
C.
that
D.
whether
2.
An
idea
came
to
her
she
might
do
the
experiment
in
another
way.
A.
which
B.
why
C.
that
D.
whether
3.
Along
with
the
letter
was
his
promise
he
would
visit
me
this
coming
Christmas.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
whether
4.
Information
has
been
put
forward
more
middle
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
when
D.
why
5.
A
story
goes
Elizabeth
I
of
England
liked
nothing
more
than
being
surrounded
by
clever
and
qualified
noblemen
at
court.
when
B.
where
C.
what
D.
that
【答案】1-5
CCBBD
【巩固练习】
1.
I
have
no
doubt
he
will
get
through
the
examination.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
as
2.
One
of
the
men
held
the
view
the
book
said
was
right.
A.
that
what
B.
what
that
C.
that
D.
whether
3.
He
always
works
hard
even
if
he
knows
the
fact
he
is
not
in
good
health.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
why
D.
while
4.
We
all
know
the
truth
there
is
air,
water
and
sunlight,
there
are
living
things.
A.
in
wherever
B.
that
wherever
C.
where
D.
that
5.
The
social
problem
it
is
right
or
wrong
has
not
yet
been
decided.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
what
D.
Which
【答案】1-5
A
ABB
A
各区一模
1.
_________
she
was
at
the
time
of
the
murder
was
of
major
concern
to
the
police
that
are
investigating
the
case.
(徐汇区一模)
2.
People
may
forget
what
you
said
or
what
you
did,
but
they
will
never
forget
_________
you
made
them
feel.
(徐汇区一模)
3.
You
didn’t
study
for
your
test,
so
your
teacher
has
a
point
about
_________
you
failed!
(宝山区一模)
4.
Nowadays,
you’ll
notice
a
phenomenon
_________
a
lot
of
people
are
wearing
jeans
to
concerts.
(宝山区一模)
5.
Mary’s
success
lies
in
the
fact
_________
she
is
co-operative
and
eager
to
learn
from
others.
(长宁区一模)
6.
A
high
definition
digital
camera
on
this
cell
phone
can
show
you
vividly_________
is
around
the
person
you
are
talking
to.
(长宁区一模)
7.
According
to
the
survey,
the
result
is
shocking_________
the
number
of
people
living
alone
has
risen.
(奉贤区一模)
8.
Online
education
forces
colleges
to
focus
on
the
rest
of
the
learning
process,
which
is
__________
the
real
value
lies.
(奉贤区一模)
9.
Director
Ang
Lee
told
the
New
York
Film
Festival
audience
following
the
screening
_________
Life
of
Pi
was
extremely
hard
to
make.
(黄浦区一模)
10.
Of
course,
the
fact
_________
misguided
forms
of
dieting
result
in
so
many
problems
does
not
mean
that
no
dieting
is
safe.
(黄浦区一模)
11.
The
limits
of
a
person’s
intelligence
are
fixed
at
birth,
but
_________
he
reaches
these
limits
depends
on
his
environment.
(浦东新区一模)
12.
His
writing
is
so
confusing
that
it’s
difficult
to
make
out
_________
it
is
he
is
trying
to
express.
(普陀区一模)
13.
Although
he
has
become
wealthy,
Mr.
Wood
remains
_________
he
used
to
be,
modest
and
friendly.
(普陀区一模)
14.
_________
the
city’s
public
school
system
should
be
open
to
the
children
of
migrant
workers
has
become
the
focus
of
discussion.
(杨浦区一模)
15.
Can
you
be
honest
about
_________
it
would
take
to
defend
yourself
against
a
gun
attack?
(青浦区一模)
【答案】各区一模
1.where
2.how
3.why
4.that
5.that
6.what
7.that
8.where
9.that
10.that
11.whether
12.what
13.what
14.whether
15.what
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
lowered
B.
administering
C.
supports
D.
scientifically
E.
diagnosed
F.
originally
G.
access
H.
gaps
I.
expanding
J.
ranging
K.
balloon
Can
Food
Replace
Medicine?
If
Food
is
indeed
medicine,
then
it's
time
to
treat
it
that
way.
In
his
upcoming
book,
Eat
to
Beat
Diseases,
Dr
William
Li,
a
heart
expert,
pulls
together
years
of
stored
data
and
processes
specific
doses（剂量）
of
food
that
can
treat
diseases
(31)
from
a
mild
cold
to
cancer.
Not
all
doctors
agree
that
the
science
supports
(32)
food
like
drugs,
but
he
is
hoping
the
idea
will
motivate
more
researchers
to
study
food
in
ways
as
(33)
strict
as
possible
and
generate
stronger
data
in
coming
years.
"We
are
far
away
from
prescribing（开处方）
diets
to
fight
diseases,"
he
says.
"And
we
may
never
get
there.
But
we
are
looking
to
fill
in
the
(34)
that
have
long
existed
in
this
field
with
real
science.
This
is
the
beginning
of
a
better
tomorrow."
And
talking
about
food
in
terms
of
doses
might
push
more
doctors
to
focus
on
patients'
grocery
lists
instead.
So
far,
several
hundred
people
who
rely
on
the
Fresh
Food
Program
have
had
their
risk
of
serious
diabetes（糖尿病）
complications
(35)
by
40%
and
hospitalizations
cut
by
70%
compared
with
other
diabetic
people
in
the
area
who
lack
(36)
to
the
program.
This
year,
on
the
basis
of
its
success
so
far,
the
Fresh
Food
Program
is
doubling
the
number
of
patients
it
(37)
.
Shicowich
knows
firsthand
how
important
that
will
be
for
people
like
him.
When
he
was
first
(38)
,
he
lost
weight
and
controlled
his
blood
sugar,
but
he
found
those
changes
hard
to
maintain
and
soon
saw
his
weight
(39)
and
his
blood-sugar
levels
skyrocket.
He
has
become
one
of
the
program's
better-known
success
stories,
and
now
works
part
time
in
the
produce
section
of
a
supermarket
and
cooks
nearly
all
his
meals.
He's
(40)
his
cooking
skills
to
include
fish,
which
he
had
never
tried
preparing
before.
"I
know
what
healthy
food
looks
like,
and
I
know
what
to
do
with
it
now,"
he
says.
"Without
this
program
and
without
the
support
system,
I
will
probably
still
be
sitting
on
a
couch
with
a
box
of
biscuits."
【答案】31-40
JBDHA
GCEKI
建议15min
2.
解题技巧：
1.
从句子结构入手，首先分清楚简单句和复合句。
2.
连词的选用依据
“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；
方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether
和if（是否）。
冲刺四校自招精析版模拟卷（1）
一、单选：
1．——You
looked
upset.
What’s
the
matter?
——My
plan
was
_____
again.
A.
turned
on
B.
turned
down
C.
turned
up
D.
turned
off
2．---
Can
your
factory
really
afford
____
food
for
the
people
in
the
flooded
area?
---
I
believe
we
can
because
we
have
____
workers.
A.
a
number
of;
plenty
of
B.
a
large
amount
of;
the
number
of
C.
plenty
of;
the
number
of
D.
a
large
amount
of;
a
number
of
3．Don’t
worry.
I’m
sure
you’ll
succeed
_______
if
you
work
hard.
A.
on
time
B.
in
time
C.
at
times
D.
ahead
of
time
4．He
liked
the
article
in
the
newspaper
so
much
that
he
______
his
own
work
and
translated
it
into
English
A.
set
out
B.
turned
down
C.
cut
out
D.
set
aside
5．He
played
the
computer
game
till
late
last
night,
________,early
this
morning.
A.
rather
than
B.
or
rather
C.
other
than
D.
more
than
6.
—
Let's
hurry.
Professor
Beach
is
coming.
—
Oh,
I
was
afraid
that
we
___________.
A.
already
miss
him
B.
will
miss
him
C.
have
already
missed
him
D.
had
already
missed
him
7.
The
mother
hurried
into
Jack’s
room
and
found
him
__________
at
the
desk.
A.
seated
B.
seating
C.
was
seating
D.
to
be
seating
8.
—
Shall
I
tell
Sally
about
it?
—
No,
you
___________.
I’ve
told
her
already.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
can’t
9.
—
Do
you
know
___________
the
MP3
player
last
week?
—
Sorry,
I
have
no
idea.
A.
how
much
did
she
pay
for
B.
how
much
she
paid
for
C.
how
much
will
she
pay
for
D.
how
much
she
will
pay
for
10.
I
have
no
one
___________
me,
for
I
am
a
new
comer
here.
A.
helped
B.
helping
C.
to
help
D.
to
have
helped
答案：1-5
BDBDB
6-10
DACBC
解析：
1.
考查词组：A.turned
on打开B.turned
down拒绝C.turned
up出现D.turned
off
关掉，句意：
--你看起来很难过，怎么了？--我的计划又被拒绝了。选B。
2.
考查词组：第一空填a?large?amount?of或
plenty?of，因为a?large?amount?of是修饰不可数名词的，plenty?of修饰可数不可数名词都可以，但是a
number
of不可以，因为它是修饰可数名词的，第二空修饰workers，只能用a
number
of，the
number
of是…的数量。选D。
3.
考查词组：A.
on
time准时B.
in
time及时C.
at
times有时D.
ahead
of
time提前，句意：别担心，我确信如果你努力，迟早会成功的。选B。
4.
考查动词短语辨析。A出发，动身；B调低，拒绝；C剪裁，裁下；D收拾，整理，放在一边，不管不顾；储蓄；句意：他是如此喜欢这篇文章，要以至于他把自己的工作都放在了一边开始把这篇文章翻译成了英语。根据句意说明D正确。
5.
考查固定搭配。A代替，而不是；B更准确地说；C除…之外；D超过，不仅仅，非常；句意：昨天晚上他玩游戏一直到深夜，更准确地说，是到今天凌晨。根据句意说明B正确。
6.
考查时态，根据句意，“我们错过他”是发生在I
was
afriaid的前面，所以用过去完成时态。所以选D。
7.
考查find和seat的用法。句中完整的应该是found
him
was
seated
at
the
desk.
find
sb
后的be动词常常可以省略。所以选A。
8.
考查情态动词的回答。根据句意，这里是“没有必要”的意思，needn’t所以选择C。
9.
考查宾语从句的用法，综合考虑语序和时态，从句部分应是过去时态，陈述句语序，所以应该选择B。
10.
本题易误选A。根据句意可知空白处的非谓语是作定语，是have
sb./
sth.
to
do结构,要区别开have(使…)
sb.
do
sth.结构。所以这里选择C。
二、Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
criticize
desperately
establishfeaturefocusgratitudeheartfelt
humanityinfluencepresenttouch
Letters
Brought
Back
to
Life
Letters
as
a
way
of
communication
have
long
given
way
to
phone
calls
and
WeChat
messages.
But
a
TV
show,
Letters
Alive,
is
helping
bring
this
old
way
to
keep
in
touch
back
into
the
__31__.
Letters
Alive
took
its
idea
from
a
UK
program
with
a
similar
name,
Letters
Live.
Both
shows
__32__
famous
actors
and
actresses,
but
there
is
no
gossip,
no
eye-catching
visual
e?ects.
Instead,
it’s
just
one
person
walking
up
to
a
microphone
and
reading
a
letter.
But
these
are
not
just
any
letters.
They
vary
greatly
in
time
and
subjects.
There
is,
for
example,
a
passionate
letter
that
famous
painter
Huang
Yongyu
wrote
to
playwright
Cao
Yu
30
years
ago
to
__33__
his
lack
of
creativity.
There
is
also
a(n)
__34__
note
from
Spring
and
Autumn
Period
written
by
two
ordinary
young
soldiers
to
their
elder
brother
to
report
their
lives
in
the
war
zone.
Compared
to
published
texts,
letters
also
come
with
a
personal
__35__.
One
example
from
Letters
Live
was
a
note
of
__36__
from
the
mother
of
a
dying
child
to
JK
Rowling,
author
of
the
Harry
Potter
books.
It
read:
“Mrs
Rowling,
cancer
threatened
to
take
everything
from
my
daughter,
and
your
books
turned
out
to
be
the
castle
we
so
__37__
needed
to
hide
in.”
According
to
Guan
Zhengwen,
the
director
of
Letters
Alive,
it
is
this
kind
of
__38__
behind
every
letter
that
strikes
a
harmony
with
the
audience.
“It’s
a
thing
of
the
past
that
entertainment
shows
__39__
themselves
only
with
pretty
faces,”
Guan
told
Sohu
News.
“Entertainment
industry
is
starting
to
switch
to
a(n)
__40__
on
wisdom
and
intelligence.”
参考答案：JDAGK
FBHCE
解析：本文主要介绍了写信这种古老的已经被现代新技术取代的通讯方式，以一种新的姿态——电视节目的形式回归到我们的生活中。
31.
J，考查名词，结合上文，写信已经被电话和微信取代，但是电视节目
Letters
alive有让它回
到现在，所以是back
into
the
present,
故选J.
32.
D，考查动词，分析句子结构可知，Both
shows是句子主语，famous
actors
and
actresses是宾语，空格处为谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，此处介绍的是现在的一档电视节目，故用一般现在时，根据语意，两档节目的特点都是有著名演员为特征，故填
feature.
feature作动词意为：使有特色；描写……的特征；以……为号召物,
选D.
33.
A，考查动词，分析句子结构可知，这里t是不定式符号，结合句意，
Huang
Yongy写信的目的是为了批评
Cao
yu缺少创意，故用
criticize选A.
34.
G，考查形容词，分析句子结构可知，这里是定语修饰名词0te，结合后文是两名军人给他们的哥哥写的信，应该是诚挚的真诚的感人的，故用heartfelt,
选G.
35.
K，考查名词，分析句子结构可知，personal为定语，修饰其后的名词或代词，结合前文Compared
to
published
texts可知，与公开出版物相比，写信有一种个人感触，故填
touch，意为"感触，触动"，故选K.
36.
F，考查名词，根据后文Ⅰread的内容可知，这封信是表达感谢的，所以应用
gratitude，故选F.
37.
B，考查副词，分析句子结构可知，句子we
so
needed
to
hide
in是定语从句，修饰名词castle，从句主语为we，从句谓语动词是
needed
to
hide
in，从句宾语为省略的引导词that或which.
so为副词，修饰空格处的词作状语，结合句意可知，"我们急切的、特别的需要藏进去"，故填
desperately,
选B.
38.
H，考查名词，分析句子结构可知，of为介词，后接名词或动名词，根据上文举的几个例子可
知，每封信后面都有人文关怀和人道精神，故填humanity选H.
39.
C，考查动词，分析句子结构可知，It's
a
thing
of
the
past
that…
中，it是形式主语，that是主语从句。结合后文娱乐业开始转向，结合本句句意娱乐节目只会把自己建立在漂亮面孔上的情况成为过去的事了，可知，用
establish，故选C.
40.
E，考查名词，结合39题解析，可知，娱乐业开始转向关注智慧，结合空格后介词on可知，此
处构成短语focus
on，故填focus，选E.
三、Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
To
Apologize
or
Not
to
Apologize
Why
difficult?
When
we
do
wrong
to
someone
we
know,
even
not
41
,
we
are
generally
expected
to
apologize
so
as
to
improve
the
situation.
But
when
we’re
acting
as
leaders,
the
circumstances
are
42
.
The
act
of
apology
is
carried
out
not
merely
at
the
level
of
the
43
but
also
at
the
level
of
the
institution.
It
is
a
performance
in
which
every
word
or
expression
44
,
as
they
become
part
of
the
public
record.
Refusing
to
apologize
can
be
smart,
or
it
can
be
stupid.
So,
readiness
to
apologize
can
be
seen
as
a
sign
of
strong
character
or
as
a
sign
of
weakness.
Why
now?
The
question
of
whether
leaders
should
apologize
publicly
has
never
been
more
45
.
During
the
last
decade
or
so,
the
United
States
in
particular
has
developed
an
apology
culture—apologies
of
all
kinds
and
for
all
sorts
of
wrongdoings
are
made
far
more
46
than
before.
More
newspaper
writers
have
written
about
the
growing
importance
of
47
apologies.
Meanwhile,
more
and
more
articles,
advice
columns,
and
radio
and
television
programs
have
similarly
dealt
with
the
subject
of
48
apologies.
Although
they
are
not
carried
out
in
the
public
place,
we
can’t
neglect
the
importance
of
this
performance.
Why
49
?
Why
do
we
apologize?
Why
do
we
ever
put
ourselves
in
situations
likely
to
be
difficult,
embarrassing,
and
even
risky?
Leaders
who
apologize
publicly
could
be
an
easy
target
for
50
.
They
are
expected
to
appear
strong
and
capable.
And
whenever
they
make
public
statements
of
any
kind,
their
individual
and
institutional
reputations
are
in
danger.
Clearly,
then,
leaders
should
not
apologize
often.
For
a
leader
to
express
apology,
there
needs
to
be
a
strong
51
.
Leaders
will
publicly
apologize
if
and
when
they
think
the
costs
of
doing
so
are
lower
than
the
costs
of
not
doing
so.
Why
refuse?
Why
is
it
that
leaders
so
often
try
every
means
to
52
apologies,
even
when
a
public
apology
seems
to
be
in
order?
Their
reasons
can
be
individual
or
institutional.
Because
leaders
are
public
figures,
their
apologies
are
likely
to
be
personally
uncomfortable
and
even
53
risky.
Apologies
can
be
signals
for
admitting
mistakes
and
mistakes
can
be
indication
of
job
insecurity.
Leaders
may
also
be
afraid
that
54
of
a
mistake
will
damage
or
destroy
the
organization
for
which
they
are
responsible.
There
can
be
good
reasons
for
hanging
tough
(硬撑)
in
tough
situations,
as
we
shall
see,
but
it
is
a
high-risk
55
.
41.
A.
immediately
B.
intentionally
C.
occasionally
D.
accidentally
42.
A.
simple
B.
ridiculous
C.
abnormal
D.
different
43.
A.
individual
B.
company
C.
family
D.
society
44.
A.
conflicts
B.
matters
C.
appeals
D.
deceives
45.
A.
urgent
B.
possible
C.
necessary
D.
simple
46.
A.
interestedly
B.
patiently
C.
frequently
D.
hopefully
47.
A.
faithful
B.
trusty
C.
immediate
D.
public
48.
A.
sincere
B.
acceptable
C.
private
D.
positive
49.
A.
bother
B.
reduce
C.
regret
D.
ignore
50.
A.
promotion
B.
criticism
C.
appreciation
D.
identification
51.
A.
personality
B.
will
C.
reason
D.
desire
52.
A.
attempt
B.
involve
C.
commit
D.
avoid
53.
A.
financially
B.
professionally
C.
academically
D.
physically
54.
A.
avoidance
B.
admission
C.
involvement
D.
elimination
55.
A.
fulfillment
B.
statement
C.
occupation
D.
strategy
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
参考答案
41.
B42.
D43.
A44.
B45.
A46.
C47.
D48.
C49.
A50.
B51.
C52.
D53.
B54.
B55.
D
解析：
41：
根据句意：当我们对身边认识的人做了错事，即使是
，我们都希望通过道歉来改善情况。A:立即地，马上地：
B：故意地；
C：偶尔地：
D
：意外地。故选：B
42：
根据句意：但是当我们身为领导的时候，情况就
。A:简单的：
B：荒谬的；
C：不寻常的：
D
：不同的。故选：D
43：
根据句意：道歉代表的不仅仅是
，而是整个机构。A:个人：
B：公司；
C：家庭：
D
：社会。故选：A
44：
根据句意：对于语言的运用以及表情都很
。A:冲突：
B：重要；
C：呼吁：
D
：欺骗。故选：B
45：
根据句意：学习道歉变得前所未有的
。A:紧急的：
B：可能的；
C：需要的：
D
：简单的。故选：A
46：
根据句意：道歉文化的传播，使得人们对自己做错的事情道歉较之从前，更加
。A:有趣地：
B：耐心地；
C：频繁地：
D
：有希望地。故选：C
47：
根据句意：许多报纸上的文章被写道：
道歉的重要性。A:忠实的：
B：值得信赖的；
C：立即的：
D
：公开的。故选：D
48：
根据句意：与公开道歉相反的表达。A:真诚的：
B：可接受的；
C：私密的，隐私的：
D
：积极的。故选：C
49：
根据句意：为什么会要道歉。A:惹，惹麻烦：
B：减少；
C：后悔：
D
：忽视。故选：A
50：
根据句意：公开道歉的领导更容易成为
。A:升职：
B：批评；
C：感谢：
D
：识别。故选：B
51：
根据句意：领导公开道歉，需要一个坚定的
。A:个性：
B：意志；
C：理由：
D
：欲望。故选：C
52：
根据句意：对于领导高考道歉，即使势不可挡，但是还是在想办法
。A:试图：
B：参与，涉及；
C：犯罪，承诺：
D
：避免。故选：D
53：
根据句意：公开道歉可能会引起个人的不适甚至是
风险。A:经济上的：
B：职业上的；
C：学术上的：
D
：身体上的。故选：B
54：
根据句意：领导会担心
一个错误可能会致使他们负责的组织瓦解。A:逃避：
B：承认；
C：参与，涉及：
D
：消除。故选：B
55：
根据句意：在事态严重的时候，强撑过这个时段，是高风险的
。A:完成：
B：声明；
C：职业：
D
：策略。故选：D
四、Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
One
way
people
are
responding
to
food
safety
concerns
is
by
growing
their
own
food．However，not
everyone
lives
on
property
with
enough
space
for
a
private
plot．One
solution
is
community
gardens，which
have
become
popular
worldwide，numbering
18，000
in
North
America
alone．In
addition
to
providing
low﹣cost，delicious
food，these
public
spaces
offer
cities
a
range
of
other
benefits．
Community
gardens
are
located
in
a
town
or
city
and
tended
by
local
residents．Often，the
land
is
on
a
vacant
lot
owned
by
the
city．The
site
is
divided
into
manageable
plots，which
may
be
tended
by
individuals
or
by
the
garden's
members
collectively．Since
the
land
is
usually
publicly
owned，the
cost
for
gardeners
to
lease
it
is
minimal．In
fact，New
York
City，which
is
home
to
more
than
750
community
gardens
tended
by
more
than
20，000
members，charges
people
just
$1
a
year
to
lease
a
plot．Other
costs
involve
soil，tools，seeds，fencing，and
so
on．However，because
they're
shared
by
many
people，individual
gardeners
pay
very
little．
A
community
garden
can
quickly
pay
off，in
terms
of
delicious
fruits
and
vegetables，in
addition
to
beautiful
flowers．Excess
produce
can
be
sold
for
a
profit
at
farmers
markets．But
a
garden's
benefit
don't
stop
there．They
also
beautify
cities，foster
strong
relationships
among
residents，and
lower
an
area's
crime
rate．Award﹣winning
spaces
like
London's
Culpeper
Community
Garden
even
attract
tourists．Beautiful
and
affordable，community
gardens
are
often
described
as
oases
in
crowded
cities．
56．Community
gardens
are
designed
for
those
who________．
A．are
concerned
about
food
safety
B．live
in
a
house
with
a
private
plot
C．can't
afford
to
buy
organic
food
D．don't
have
their
own
property
57．New
York
City________ ．
A．is
owned
by
20，000
individual
gardeners
B．charges
residents
a
lot
to
lease
tools
and
fencing
C．contains
more
than
750
community
gardens
D．is
tended
by
professional
gardeners
and
local
residents
58．What's
the
benefit
of
community
gardens？_________
A．People
can
enjoy
safe
and
delicious
vegetables
and
animal
meat．
B．Residents
are
more
familiar
and
related
with
each
other．
C．The
neighborhood
is
becoming
safer
but
of
lower
taste．
D．People
can
make
some
profits
from
the
visiting
tourists．
59．The
underlined
word"oases"is
closest
in
meaning
to ________ ．
A．cultural
and
art
centers
B．popular
platforms
for
exchanges
C．peaceful
and
safe
lands
D．commercial
and
prosperous
places．
56-59
ACBC
【分析】人们对食品安全问题的担心，解决的一个途径就是种植自己的食物，因而出现了城市里的绿洲．
【解答】56．A
细节理解题．根据句子One
way
people
are
responding
to
food
safety
concerns
is
by
growing
their
own
food．One
solution
is
community
gardens，人们对食品安全问题的担心，解决的一个途径就是种植自己的食物，所以答案选A．
57．C
细节理解题．根据句子In
fact，New
York
City，which
is
home
to
more
than
750
community
gardens
tended
by
more
than
20，000
members，事实上，纽约是750多个社区花园的种植园，有20000多个成员．所以答案选C．
58．B
细节理解题．根据句子
They
also
beautify
cities，foster
strong
relationships
among
residents，and
lower
an
area's
crime
rate．他们还美化城市，培养居民之间的牢固关系，降低地区犯罪率．所以答案选B．
59．C
猜测词义题，根据最后一段的句子foster
strong
relationships
among
residents，and
lower
an
area's
crime
rate．他们还美化城市，培养居民之间的牢固关系，降低地区犯罪率Award﹣winning
spaces
like
London's
Culpeper
Community
Garden
even
attract
tourists．Beautiful
and
affordable，像伦敦的库尔佩珀花园社区甚至吸引游客，漂亮又实惠．
community
gardens
应该是描绘成城市里的祥和安全的地方，所以答案选C．
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
African
Safari
Essential
information
you
need
to
know
before
booking
your
African
Safari
in
Southern
Africa﹣These
tips
will
enhance
the
experience
that
you
have
Things
to
Consider
Before
Booking
an
African
Safari
1）Book
in
Advance
African
Safaris
are
now
hugely
popular
and
good
safari
camps
often
get
booked
out
more
than
a
year
in
advance，especially
during
the
high
season
from
July
through
to
October．Show
more…
2）Choosing
which
game
park
Different
parks
have
different
topography
and
weather
patterns﹣this
greatly
affects
animal
movements
at
different
times
of
the
year．If
you
want
to
target
certain
species
of
animals，then
some
parks
are
better
than
others
for
certain
species．Show
more…
3）Choosing
which
lodge
or
safari
camp
A
typical
safari
camp
has
between
10
and
20
beds，it
is
an
intimate
safari
experience
and
very
personalized．However，there
are
also
hotels
in
some
places，either
inside
or
just
outside
a
national
park，which
can
sleep
anything
up
to
300
people．Show
more…
4）Guiding
The
quality，experience
and
knowledge
of
the
game
at
any
Safari
camp
is
almost
the
most
important
factor
to
consider．Good
guides
can
transform
your
experience
from
ordinary
to
exceptional．Show
more…
5）What's
the
Best
Time
of
Year
to
go
on
Safari
Understandably
as
the
seasons
change
so
does
the
safari
experience．It
is
highly
advisable
to
find
out
the
best
time
of
year
for
the
safari
area
that
you
are
intending
to
visit．Prices
will
change
dramatically
between
the
high
and
the
low
season，so
good
deals
are
to
be
had
in
the
low
season
but
it
is
important
to
know
the
difference，as
your
experience
will
be
vastly
different．Show
more…
6）The
Price
Going
on
safari
is
not
cheap
whichever
way
you
do
it，but
the
price
range
can
be
enormous．Unfortunately，safaris
in
most
cases
are
a
case
of"you
pay
for
what
you
get"，Show
more…
7）Fly﹣in
safari
or
not
Using
small
charter
planes
is
sometimes
an
absolute
necessity
for
camps
in
remote
areas，where
road
transfers
are
just
not
practical
or
viable．These
flights
can
increase
the
overall
cost
of
the
safari
substantially
but
generally
they
are
woth
it
and
allow
you
the
flexibility
to
visit
a
variety
of
safari
camps
in
different
locations．Show
more…
8）Use
an
Agent
As
you
can
see
from
all
the
information
and
options
detailed
above，there
is
great
deal
to
understand
and
unless
you
go
on
safari
several
times
a
year
it
is
impossible
to
know
all
this
stuff．Show
more…
CONTACT
US
NOW
TO
HELP
PLAN
YOUR
SAFARI
We
are
qualified
travel
agents
who
know
this
area
intimately!
Click
on
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below
buttons
for
some
fantastic
safari
ideas
60．Which
is
a
determining
factor
in
choosing
a
Safari
camp？________
A．Means
of
transport．
B．Accommodation．
C．Weather
patterns．
D．Game
guides．
61．John
is
planning
to
have
an
African
Safari
in
August
2018．He
should
book
it
in ___________ ．
A．July
2018
B．January
2018
C．July
2017
D．October
2017
62．Which
of
the
following
is
FALSE
about
African
Safari？____________
A．You
can
have
a
good
price
but
same
experience
if
you
travel
in
low
season．
B．If
you
visit
different
camps
in
remote
areas，flights
may
be
unavoidable．
C．The
more
money
you
pay，the
better
experience
you'll
get．
D．Not
all
the
parks
have
the
same
species
of
animals．
60-62
DCA
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读．文章主要介绍了非洲狩猎之旅．简单介绍了一些在预定非洲狩猎之旅前需要考虑的事．
【解答】60﹣62
DCA
60．D．细节理解题．根据"The
quality，experience
and
knowledge
of
the
game
at
any
Safari
camp
is
almost
the
most
important
factor
to
consider．Good
guides
can
transform
your
experience
from
ordinary
to
exceptional"可知选择狩猎营地的决定因素是游戏指南．故选D．
61．C．推理判断题．根据"African
Safaris
are
now
hugely
popular
and
good
safari
camps
often
get
booked
out
more
than
a
year
in
advance，"可知John打算在in
August
2018有一个非洲狩猎之旅，他应该在July
2017预定．故选C．
62．A．推理判断题．根据"Prices
will
change
dramatically
between
the
high
and
the
low
season，so
good
deals
are
to
be
had
in
the
low
season
but
it
is
important
to
know
the
difference，as
your
experience
will
be
vastly
different．"可知在旺季和淡季你的经历是不一样的．故选A．
【点评】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读．此类题型主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，所以在做细节理解题时要结合原文和提干有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，再结合选项选出正确答案．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
A
busy
brain
can
mean
a
hungry
body．We
often
seek
food
after
focused
mental
activity，like
preparing
for
an
exam．Researchers
think
that
heavy
bouts
of
thinking
drain
energy
from
the
brain，whose
capacity
to
store
fuel
is
very
limited．
So
the
brain，sensing
that
it
may
soon
require
more
calories（卡路里）to
keep
going，apparently
stimulates
bodily
hunger，and
even
though
there
has
been
little
in
the
way
of
physical
movement
bodily
hunger，and
even
though
there
has
been
little
in
the
way
of
physical
movement
or
calorie
consumption，we
eat．This
process
may
partly
account
for
the
weight
gain
so
commonly
seen
in
college
students．
Scientists
at
the
University
of
Alabama
at
Birmingham
and
another
institution
recently
experimented
with
exercise
to
counter
such
immoderately
post﹣﹣study
food
consumption．
Gary
Hunter，an
exercise
physiologist
at
U．A．B．，oversaw
the
study．Hunter
notes
that
tough
activity
both
increases
the
amount
of
blood
sugar
and
lactate（乳酸盐）﹣circulating
in
the
blood
and
increases
blood
flow
to
the
head．Because
the
brain
uses
sugar
and
lactate
as
fuel，researchers
wondered
if
the
increased
flow
of
fuel﹣rich
blood
during
exercise
could
feed
an
exhausted
brain
and
reduce
the
urge
to
overeat．
Thirty﹣﹣eight
healthy
college
students
were
invited
to
U．A．B．'s
exercise
lab
to
report
what
their
favorite
pizza
was．At
a
later
date，the
volunteers
returned
and
spent
20
minutes
dealing
with
selections
from
college
and
graduate﹣﹣school
entrance
exams．Next，half
the
students
sat
quietly
for
15
minutes，before
being
given
pizza．The
rest
of
the
volunteers
spent
those
15
minutes
doing
intervals
on
a
treadmill：two
minutes
of
hard
running
followed
by
about
one
minute
of
walking，repeated
five
times．Hunter
says，that
should
stimulate
the
release
of
sugar
and
lactate
into
the
bloodstream．These
students
were
then
allowed
to
gorge
on
pizza，too．But
by
and
large，they
did
not
overeat．In
fact，the
non﹣exercisers，however，consumed
about
100
calories
more．
The
study
has
limitations，of
course．We
only
looked
at
lunch．Hunter
says；the
researchers
do
not
know
if
the
runners
consumed
extra
calories
at
dinner．They
also
cannot
tell
whether
other
types
of
exercise
would
have
the
same
effect
as
running，although
Hunter
says
they
suspect
that
if
an
activity
causes
someone
to
break
into
a
sweat，it
should
also
increase
blood
sugar
and
lactate，feeding
the
brain
and
weakening
hunger's
call．
63．According
to
the
passage，_______ may
cause
many
college
students
to
overeat
and
gain
weight．
A．a
lot
of
energy﹣consuming
mental
activities
B．numerous
physical
movements
or
calorie
burning
C．failure
to
resist
the
temptation
of
delicious
food
D．bodily
hunger
caused
by
physical
growth
64．The
underlined
word
"counter"
is
closest
in
meaning
to _______ ．
A．stimulate
B．maximize
C．balance
D．prevent
65．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage？__________
A．Running
is
more
beneficial
than
walking．
B．Sweating
in
exercise
can
make
people
hungrier．
C．The
amount
of
blood
sugar
and
lactate
can
affect
people's
appetite．
D．When
the
brain
feels
exhausted，people
tend
to
do
exercise
for
relaxation．
66．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
FALSE？______
A．Mental
activities
can
make
people
feel
hungry．
B．Physical
exercise
can
make
people
refreshed
and
stay
hungry．
C．Sugar
and
lactate
can
help
energize
and
restore
people's
brain．
D．It's
uncertain
what
types
of
exercise
can
effectively
feed
the
brain．
【分析】本文讲述了饥饿产生的原因以及其带来的影响，而适当的运动可以消除饥饿．
【解答】63﹣66
ADCB
63．A
考查细节理解．根据"So
the
brain，sensing
that
it
may
soon
require
more
calories（卡路里）to
keep
going，apparently
stimulates
bodily
hunger，and
even
though
there
has
been
little
in
the
way
of
physical
movement
bodily
hunger"以及"we
eat．This
process
may
partly
account
for
the
weight
gain
so
commonly
seen
in
college
students．"可知，过多的脑力活动可能会导致很多大学生吃得过多，体重增加．故选A．
64．D
考查细节理解．根据文章内容可知，另一家机构最近进行了实验，以对抗这种不适当的过度饮食．所以该词的意思是"对抗"．故选D．
65．C
考查细节理解．根据"Hunter
notes
that
tough
activity
both
increases
the
amount
of
blood
sugar
and
lactate（乳酸盐）﹣circulating
in
the
blood
and
increases
blood
flow
to
the
head"可知，血糖和乳酸含量会影响人们的食欲．故选C．
66．B
考查细节理解．根据"although
Hunter
says
they
suspect
that
if
an
activity
causes
someone
to
break
into
a
sweat，it
should
also
increase
blood
sugar
and
lactate，feeding
the
brain
and
weakening
hunger's
call．"可知，体育锻炼可以使人精神焕发并消除饥饿．所以B答案的描述不正确．故选B．
【点评】阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
四、Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。（ban）
出乎我的意料，年轻人对中国古诗词显示出了极大的热情。（passion）
一考定终身的日子已经一去不复返了，但不可否认的是考试越多，学生压力越大。（denying）
答案：
1.
The
newly-issued
ban
on
smoking
has
been
supported
by
most
citizens.
2.
Beyond
my
expectation,
young
people
showed
tremendous
passion
for
ancient
Chinese
poetry.
3.
Gone
are
the
days
when
one
examination
could
determine
students’
fate,
but
there
is
no
denying
that
the
more
examinations
they
have,
the
more
stressful
they
wi自招英语教师辅导教案
学员编号：
年
级：
课
时
数：
学员姓名：
辅导科目：
学科教师：
课程主题：自招讲义--名词性从句＋十一选十
授课时间：
学习目标
掌握名词性从句的用法
进行自招综合训练
教学内容
建议5min
We
have
heard
about
people
who
have
special
memories.
Recently
there
has
been
a
report
about
a
woman
from
Australia
who
can
remember
almost
every
single
d_81___
of
all
the
events
in
her
daily
life.
Rebecca
Sharrock,
25,
is
one
of
just
80
people
worldwide
who
have
been
identified
as
having
Highly
Superior
Autobiographical
Memory
(超级自传体记忆症).
It
means
she
can
remember
every
small
event-
which
most
people
would
f__82__
within
days
–as
id
it
had
happened
just
moments
ago.
“I
remember
my
mum
placing
me
in
the
driver’s
seat
of
a
car
and
taking
a
picture
of
me
when
I
was
12
days
old,”
she
said.
“That’s
my
e_83___
memory,
I
remember
very
day
since
then.
I
can’t
tell
all
the
dates
e___84_
because
I
was
too
young
to
understand
calendars,
but
I
remember
what
I
did
that
day,
what
the
weather
was
like
and
so
on.”
Rebecca
can
also
re-experience
taste.
If
she’s
eating
something
unpleasant,
she
thinks
about
Black
Forest
cake,
her
favorite
food,
and
the
memory
will
be
so
p_85___
that
she
can
nearly
“taste”
it.
However,
there
are
times
when
her
memories
prove
to
be
painful
as
it’s
not
just
events
that
she
remembers.
“When
I
relive
(再体验)
memories,
the
feelings
r__86___
,
too.”
Rebecca
said,
“For
example,
I
remember
falling
over
when
I
was
three
at
my
grandparents’
house
and
hurting
my
left
knee.
Talking
about
it
now,
I
feel
painful
in
my
left
knee.”
“At
night,
I
have
to
sleep
with
the
r_87____
and
a
soft
light
on,”
she
added.
“If
it’s
too
dark
or
quiet,
my
mind
would
be
filled
with
all
these
memories
and
I
can’t
sleep.”
1.
Being
________,
he
always
had
an
eye
to
the
main
chance.
(ambition)
2.
The
food
is
easy
to
go
bad
when
the
________
in
the
house
is
too
high.
(humid)
3.
The
tourist
area
is
dotted
with
historic
and
_________
attractions.
(scene)
4.
We
seem
to
have
a
_________
memory
for
the
best
bits
of
the
past.
(select)
5.
We
laughed
at
her
_________
in
the
kitchen;
she
couldn’t
boil
water.
(experience)
6.
The
film
is
technically
______,
but
lacks
real
excitement
in
plot.
(impress)
7.
It
made
me
a
little
_________
that
t
wasn’t
a
true
member
of
their
club.
(envy)
8.
It
was
stormy,
windy
weather,
and
the
waves
crashed
_________
under
their
feet.
(violence)
Ⅴ.
Complete
the
following
sentences
as
required
(根据所给要求，完成下列句子。每空限填一词)
：（共14分）
1.
“I’ll
return
the
DVDs
to
Mary
as
soon
as
possible”,
said
Mike.
(改为宾语从句)
Mike
said
he
_______
________
back
the
DVDs
to
Mary
as
soon
as
possible.
2.
Students
who
went
on
a
sightseeing
tour
enjoyed
themselves
in
the
Movie
Park.
(保持句意不变)
Student
who
went
on
a
sightseeing
tour
______
the
time
of
their
________
in
the
Movie
Park.
3.
Alice’s
girlfriend
were
jealous
when
they
saw
her
new
dress.
(保持句意不变)
Alice’s
girlfriend
were
_______
with
_______
when
they
saw
her
new
dress.
4.
The
girl
was
eight
years
old.
She
had
a
talk
with
my
father.
(保持句意不变)
My
father
had
a
talk
with
a
girl
___________________.
5.
The
teacher
sometimes
makes
the
students
repeat
the
questions
in
class.
(改为被动语态)
The
students
are
sometimes
_________
__________
repeat
the
questions
in
class.
6.
The
new
computer
cost
Mr.
Black
a
lot
of
money.
(改为否定句)
The
new
computer
______
cost
Mr.
Black
_______
money.
7.
there,
20
million,
people,
in,
Shanghai,
are,
living.
(连词成句)
____________________________________________?
建议5min
名词性从句翻译练习1
我是否接受邀请不关你的事。Whether
她迟到的原因是她误了车。Reason
我认为她不太在意我的话。Believe
我们毫不怀疑他是最佳篮球运动员之一。Doubt
很有可能他将老师的话都忘了。Likely
建议70min
一、名词性从句总述
1.
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句
(Noun
Clauses）。
1）名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2）因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句。
主语从句
What
he
wants
to
tell
us
is
not
clear.
名词性从句
宾语从句
He
has
told
me
that
he
will
go
to
Shanghai
tomorrow.
表语从句
The
fact
is
that
we
have
lost
the
game.
同位语从句
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back
home.
这里重点强调一下同位语从句，顾名思义，所谓同位语从句就是一个句子与主句中某一个名词互为同位语！
那么什么是同位语呢，很简单就是相同地位，相同成分，平起平坐，
A(名词)=B（从句）,
B（从句）=A（名词）,
去掉任何一部分（A/B）对整个句子都不影响。
而且与从句互为同位语的名词一般为抽象名词，例如：advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、
message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1.连词：that（无任何词意）whether,
if（均表示“是否”）as
if
,as
though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在
从句中均不充当任何成分
2.
连接代词：what,
whatever,
who,
whoever,
whom,
whose,
whichever,
whomever
3.
连接副词：when,
where,
how,
why,
how
many,
how
much,
how
often
连接词的判定：根据连接词在从句中所做的不同的成分，我们可以归纳如下：
人
物
主语
：
who
what
宾语：
whom
what
名词性从句
表语：
whom
what
定语：
which
what
whose
状语：
when
where
why
how
(how
many,
how
much,
how
often)
不做成份：that
if/whether
as
if
/as
though
because
3.
名词性从句解题思路
1.
从句子结构入手，首先分清楚简单句和复合句。
2.
连词的选用依据
“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；
方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether
和if（是否）。
二、名词性从句知识点详解
知识点1：主语从句
一、主语从句的定义
在复合句中作主句的主语的从句。
二、主语从句的关系词
引导词有连词that
(that
不可省)，whether；
代词有who,
whoever,
what
,which；副词
when
,where,
how,
why
等。如:
1.由从属连词引导的主语从句：
a.?Whether?the?country?should?build?a?nuclear?power?station?is?something?we?must?discuss.?
b.?That?light?travels?in?straight?line?is?known?to?all.
=It
is
known
to
us
all
that
light
travels
in
straight?line
.
注意
：连词that,
whether引导的主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略，多用it作形式主语。
2.由连接代词引导的主语从句：
a.?What?we?need?is?more?time.?=
The
thing
that
we
need
is
more
time.
b.?Which?type?of?coal?they?are?going?to?burn?needs?to?be?decided.
c.?Whoever?is?here?gets?a?prize.
注意：who是连接代词，引导主语从句，在从句中作主语不能省略，what引导的主语从句有时相当于
“先行词+that”
3.由连接副词引导的主语从句：
a.?When?the?plane?is?to?take?off?hasn’t?been?announced.
b.?Where?he?has?been?is?still?a?puzzle.?
c.?How?much?water?is?flowing?can?be?measured?easily.?
注意：
(1)单个主语从句作主语时（包括两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句），谓语动词要用单数；如果由and
连
接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
When
the
meeting
will
begin
has
not
been
decided
yet.
When
they
will
start
and
where
they
go
have
not
been
decided
yet.
When
and
where
the
meeting
will
begin
has
not
been
decided
yet.
主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式
主语?it，而把主语从句移到句未去。?it?作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：
1）It?+?be?+?形容词?+?that从句
It?is?quite?clear?that?Tom?was?fond?of?music.
2）It?+?be?+?名词?+?that从句
It?is?a?pity?that?she?has?made?such?a?foolish?mistake.
3）It?+?be?+?过去分词?+?that从句
It’s?not?yet?decided?that?when?the?test?will?be?given.?
4）It?seems,?happens?等不及物动词?+?that从句
It?happened?that?I?didn’t?take?any?money?with?me.?
It
seems
that
he
doesn’t
like
the
dish.
注意：it作为形式主语引导的主语从句是考试的重点，需要主要和强调句型区分开来。
要注意以下情况：
1.
当what引导的主语从句表示“……东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。?
What?he?needs?is?more?experience.
2.
表示“无论……”Whatever,?whoever,?whichever引导的主语从句一般也不用it作形式主语。
如：
Whatever
he
has
done
is
right.
Whichever
he
likes
has
nothing
to
do
with
me.
whatever,?whoever,?whichever还可连接让步状语从句，相当于no
matter
what/who/which
Whatever
(=no
matter
what)
he
has
done,
I
can
forgive
him.
但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。
a.
It?doesn’t
matter?whether?he?likes?or?not.?
b.
It’s?said?that?the?highway?will?be?open?to?traffic?next?year.?
c.
Is?it?likely?that?it?will?snow?in?the?afternoon?
d.
It
turned
out
that
he
was
right.
e.
It
happened
that
he
took
the
same
train.
主语从句不在句首，可以用if代替?whether,?但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.
a.
It’s?not?clear?to?me?whether?(?if?)?she?likes?to?join?our?discussion.?
b.
Whether?she?likes?to?join?our?discussion?is?not?clear?to?me.
(3)
It
作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It
作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句句型的结构为：It
is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句（如果被强调部分是人，也可用
who代替that），是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人
是也可用who/whom。例如：
It
is
a
pity
that
you
didn’t
go
to
see
the
film.
It
doesn’t
interest
me
whether
you
succeed
or
not.
It
is
in
the
morning
that
the
murder
took
place.
It
is
John
that
broke
the
window.
注意：此点是常考点，也是易错点。因为强调句型的检验符合去掉it
be和that如果剩下的部分稍加调整句序是正确的，如果不是这样就是主语从句。
【例题精讲】
1．Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
she
couldn't
understand
was
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
A.
What...
why
B.
That.
.
.
what
C.
What..
.
because
D.
Why..
.
that
2.
It
worried
her
a
bit
her
hair
was
turning
gray.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
if
D.
for
3.
It
is
pretty
well
understood
controls
the
flow
of
carbon
dioxide
in
and
out
the
atmosphere
today.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
what
D.
how
4.
man
first
made
use
of
electricity
is
not
exactly
known.
A.
When
B.
If
C.
That
D.
What
5.
we
will
have
a
meeting
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
A.
If
B.
That
C.
What
D.
Whether
【巩固练习】
1．Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
we
are
saying
is
more
than
we
will
do.
A.
That...
that
B.
What...
what
C.
Whatever..
.
that
D.
As...
as
2.
leaves
last
turns
off
the
light.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
No
matter
who
D.
Whomever
3.
wins
the
prize
may
get
the
car.
A.
Who
B.
Whom
C.
Whomever
D.
Whoever
4.
a
pity
that
I
didn't
see
you
last
week.
A.
That's
B.
What's
C.
It's
D.
There's
5.
she
will
come
is
certain.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
/
D.
Whether
6.
we
go
swimming
every
day
us
a
lot
of
good.
A.
If...
do
B.
That...
do
C.
That...
does
D.
If...
does
7.
has
questions
can
ask
the
teacher
after
class.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
Anybody
D.
One
8.
is
one
of
the
most
useful
and
fascinating
divisions
of
human
knowledge
is
widely
accepted.
A.
Where
chemistry
B.
That
chemistry
C.
What
chemistry
D.
Chemistry
9.
It's
known
to
us
chewing
gum
helps
prevent
tooth
decay.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
how
10.
Does
matter
if
he
can't
finish
the
job
on
time?
A.
this
B.
that
C.
he
D.
it
11.
water
can
be
used
to
electricity
is
true.
A.
That...
producing
B.
That...
produce
C.
This...
producing
D.
This...
produces
12.
After
Yang
Liwei
succeeded
in
circling
the
earth,
our
astronauts
desire
to
do
is
to
walk
in
space.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
How
13
It
is
doubtful
he
knows
it
or
not.
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
whether
14.
caused
the
accident
is
still
a
complete
mystery.
A.
What
B.
That
C.
How
D.
Where
15.
they
will
hold
a
sports
meeting
next
week
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
A.
If
B.
That
C.
What
D.
Whether
16.
It
doesn't
matter
will
take
charge
of
the
work.
A.
who
B.
whoever
C.
whom
D.
whomever
17.
is
worth
doing
at
all
is
worth
doing
well.
A.
That
B.
Which
C.
Whatever
D.
It
18.
land
ownership
in
some
countries
is
unfair
obvious.
A.
What...
is
B.
Whether.
..
are
C.
That...
is
D.
If...
is
19.
some
mammals
came
to
live
in
the
sea
is
not
known.
A.
That
B.
Since
C.
Although
D.
How
20.
troubles
me
is
my
son
can
finish
all
he
is
expected
to
do.
A.
That...
whether...
/
B.
What...
if...
that
C.
That...
if...
what
D.
What.
..
whether...
/
知识点2：表语从句
一、表语从句定义
Key
concept:
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
Eg.
（1）
The
problem
is
puzzling.
这个问题令人困惑。
主语+连系动词+形容词作表语
（2）The
problem
is
when
we
can
get
a
pay
rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句）［when
we
can
get
a
pay
rise］
二、表语从句的引导词
主语从句引导词分为三类，具体内容如下所示：
1.
That
Eg.
His
suggestion
is
that
we
should
stay
calm.
总结：引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：
Eg.
My
idea
is
(that)
we
should
do
it
right
away.
The
trouble
is
(that)
he
is
ill.
2.
Whether
Eg.
The
question
is
whether
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.
The
question
is
if
the
enemy
is
marching
towards
us.
总结：名词性从句中whether
&
if
的用法比较：
if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether
来引导。
引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换，但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。
位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导；
同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。
3.
because，as，as
if/
though
Eg.1)
He
looked
just
as
he
had
looked
ten
years
before.
2)
It
sounds
as
if
someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
3)
It's
just
because
he
doesn't
know
her.
1.
What(ever)
Eg.
The
scissors
are
not
what
I
need.
总结：
What
与that
在引导表语从句时的区别：
What
引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，what在表语从句中充当直接宾语；
that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略
2.
Who(ever)/whom(ever)
Eg.
The
problem
is
who/whom
we
can
get
to
replace
her.
3.
which(ever)
Eg.
What
I
want
to
know
is
which
road
we
should
take.?
注意：which
road
we
should
take在本句中作整个句子的表语，由which引导的表语从句,
在从句中which
作road的定语，由此判断从句连接词选择which.
1.
where
Eg.
This
is
where
they
once
lived.
注意：where
they
once
lived在本句中作整个句子的表语，由Where引导的表语从句,
在从句中缺少地点状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择Where。
2.
When
Eg.
The
question
is
when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel.
注意：when
he
can
arrive
at
the
hotel在本句中作整个句子的表语，由when引导的表语从句,
在从句中缺少时间状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择when。
3.
Why
Eg.
The
question
is
why
he
cried
yesterday.
注意：why
he
cried
yesterday在本句中作整个句子的表语，由why引导的表语从句，在从句中缺少原因状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择why。
总结：
because，why引导的表语从句区别：
强调部分不一样：
Eg.
That's
because
he
didn't
understand
me.
That's
why
he
got
angry
with
me.
注意：That's
because…强调原因；
That's
why…强调结果
注意：what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，
不宜用because.
Eg.
The
reason
why
I
was
sad
was
that
he
didn't
understand
me.
4.
How
Eg.
The
problem
is
how
we
can
get
the
things
we
need.
注意：how
we
can
get
the
things
we
need在本句中作整个句子的表语，由how引导的表语从句，在从句中
缺少方式状语成分，由此判断从句连接词选择how。
【例题精讲】
1.
—Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday's
game?
—Oh,
that's
.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
2.
He
never
works
hard.
And
that's
he
seldom
passes
the
exams.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
why
3.
The
reason
she
gave
for
not
being
present
was
the
heavy
snow
prevented
her
coming.
A.
/.,
because
B.
why,
because
C.
/,
that
D.
why,
whether
4.
Air
to
us
is
water
is
to
fish.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
is
that
5.
I
don't
know
is
I
was
born.
A.
that,
when
B.
that,
what
C.
that,
where
D.
what,
where
【巩固练习】
1.
—I
drove
to
Zhuhai
for
the
air
show
last
week
.
—Is
that_____
you
had
a
few
days
off？
A.
why
B
.what
C.
when
D.
where
2.
I
had
neither
a
raincoat
nor
an
umbrella
____I
got
wet
through.
A.
It’s
the
reason
B.
That’s
why
C.
There’s
why
D.
It’s
how
3.
See
the
flags
on
top
of
the
building?
That
was
______
we
did
this
morning.
A.
when
B.
which
C.
where
D.
what
4.
---
Are
you
still
thinking
about
yesterday’s
game?
---Oh,
that’s
_____.
A.
what
makes
me
feel
excited
B.
whatever
I
feel
excited
about
C.
how
I
feel
about
it
D.
when
I
feel
excited
5.
What
surprised
me
was
not
what
he
said
but
______
he
said
it.
A.
the
way
B.
in
the
way
that
C.
in
the
way
D.
the
way
which
知识点3：宾语从句
一、宾语从句定义
Key
concept:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。通常可以分为介词宾语，动词宾语和形容词宾语。
宾语从句的引导词
1.
That
Eg.
He
told
me
(that)he
would
go
to
college
the
next
year
他告诉我他明年上大学.
扩展：that不能省略的情况
当that作learn,
suggest,
explain,
agree,
wonder,
prove,
mean,
state,
feel,
hold等动词的宾语时
当宾语从句较长时
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略
当宾语从句中的主语是this,
that或this,
that做主语的定语时
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时
2.
Whether/if
Eg.
I
don’t
know
if
there
will
be
a
bus
any
more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody
knew
whether
he
could
pass
the
exam.
没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词主要有who,
whom,
whose,
what,
whoever,
whomever,
whosever,
whatever,
whichever等,
连接代词一般指疑问，但what,
whatever除了指代疑问外，也可以指陈述。
1.
What(ever)
Eg.
The
book
will
show
you
what
the
best
CEOs
should
know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
2.
Who(ever)/whom(ever)
Eg.
Do
you
know
who
has
won
Red
Alert
game
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？
3.
which(ever)
Eg.
Have
you
determined
whichever
you
should
buy,
a
Motorola
or
Nokia
cell
phone
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词主要有when,
where,
why,
how,
whenever,
wherever,
however等.
1.
where
Eg.
None
of
us
knows
where
these
new
parts
can
be
bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。
2.
When
Eg.
He
didn’t
tell
me
when
we
should
meet
again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
3.
Why
Eg.
He
didn’t
ask
me
why
I
turned
her
down.
他没有问我拒绝他的原因。
4.
How
Eg.
Could
you
please
tell
me
how
you
use
the
new
panel
?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？
三、宾语从句的时态
1）主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限”
2）主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过”
3）主句用过去时，从句是客观真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。
Eg.
The
teacher
said
that
the
moon
goes
around
the
earth
yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
4）情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。
当主句为过去式，从句的时态用法
a)
从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Eg.
I
only
knew
he
was
studying
in
a
western
country,
but
I
didn’t
know
what
country
he
was
in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.
He
asked
me
if
I
was
reading
the
story
The
Old
Man
and
the
Sea
when
he
was
in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
b)
从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
Eg.
He
told
me
that
he
had
told
Mary
about
the
meeting
already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
c)
从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Eg.
The
reporter
asked
if
the
government
would
take
necessary
measures
to
put
down
the
to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
四、宾语从句否定转移
Eg.
I
don’t
think
he
will
come
to
my
party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I
don’t
believe
that
man
is
killed
by
Jim,
is
he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，对吗？
注意：以上两句例句中都不能讲否定放置于后面的动词上，而不能说成I
think
he
won’t
come
to
my
party和I
don’t
believe
that
man
is
not
killed
by
Jim.
具体归纳总结见下表。
Eg.
We
find
that
he
never
listens
to
the
teacher
carefully,
does
he？
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？
总结：
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式，常见的形容词接在表思维行为的动词之后。
扩展：
Eg.
It
doesn't
seem
that
they
know
where
to
go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It
doesn't
sound
as
if
he
knew
what
had
happened.
听起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事情。
It
doesn't
look
like
it's
going
to
rain.
看起来好像不会下雨。
五、宾语从句高考重难点突击：
1.
形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
Eg.
I
think
it
necessary
that
we
take
plenty
of
hot
water
every
day
.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.。
Eg.
I
hate
it
when
they
say
with
their
mouths
full
of
food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Eg.
We
all
consider
what
you
said
to
be
unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We
discovered
what
we
had
learned
to
be
valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
六、表语从句与宾语从句的异同：
1.
动词性质
i
宾语是跟在及物动词和介词后面的句子成分，宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，英语的及物动词
须有宾语，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后面也要有宾语。某些形容词如
(worth)值得、(able)
能够、(sure)肯定.
(careful)小心。
ii
表语是跟在系动词后面的句子成分，系动词一般就是指be动词和感官动词（see,
hear,
feel,
touch……）
E.g.
1.He(主语）
is(系动词）
a
student(表语）.
2.He(主语)
plays(谓语，及物动词)
basketball(宾语)
well(程度副词)
3.He(主语)
lives
in(介词）a
big
house(宾语)
总结：宾语从句就是一个从句去充当宾语
表语从句就是一个句子去充当表语
2.
语序
宾语从句和表语的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语
+
谓语”这种形式。
3.
时态
宾语从句：当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。
表语从句：具体语境具体分析，不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
【例题精讲】
1.
His
words
don't
agree
withthe
boss
asks
for,
so
we
don't
know
what
to
do.
A.
what
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
when
2.
It
was
he
said
disappointed
me.
A.
what...
that
B.
that...
that
C.
what...
what
D.
that..
.
what
3.
What
has
made
Vietnamit
is
today?
A.
that
B.
for
C.
which
D.
what
4.
I
hope
that
I
you
at
the
party
this
weekend.
A.
would
see
B.
should
see
C.
will
see
D.
see
5.
—I
blamed
Mary
yesterday.
—I
would
rather
you
.
A.
didn't
do
that
B.
hadn't
done
that
C.
wouldn't
do
that
D.
shouldn't
have
done
that
【巩固练习】
1.
He
was
born
in________is
now
known
as
Xiangyang.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
where
there
D.
where
2.
They
were
surprised
that
a
child________the
problems________they
themselves
couldn't.
A.
would
solve...
once
B.
worked
out..
.
that
C.
should
work
out.
.
.
while
D.
would
settle.
.
.
but
3.
we
can't
get
seems
better
thanwe
have.
A.
What...
what
B.
What...
that
C.
That.
.
.
that
D.
That...
what
4.
When
we
arrived
inour
apartment
was
supposed
to
be,
all
I
could
see
was
a
school.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
5.
Don't
alwaysthat
parents
will
give
children
whatever
they
want.
A.
take
it
for
granted
B.
take
it
as
granted
C.
take
for
granted
D.
grant
it
6.
Evidence
came
upspecific
speech
sounds
are
recognized
by
babies
as
young
as
six
months
old.
A.
what
B.
whose
C.
that
D.
which
7.
We
all
considerof
great
importance
that
we
should
combine
theory
with
practice.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
which
D.
this
8.
I'm
not
sure.
A.
what
is
the
assignment
of
tomorrow
B.
what
will
the
assignment
for
tomorrow
be
C.
what
will
be
the
assignment
of
tomorrow
D.
what
the
assignment
for
tomorrow
is
9.
Give
the
prize
to
you
think
did
the
work
well.
A.
who
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whatever
10.
Could
you
tell
me
where
?
A.
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
located
B.
the
nearest
bus
stop
is
located
C.
is
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
D.
located
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
11.
—Did
you
go
to
watch
the
football
match?
—No,
but
I
wish
I
.
A.
did
B.
went
C.
had
D.
would
12.
Thoroughly
confused,
he
hesitated
to
report.
A.
what
did
he
see
B.
what
he
had
seen
C.
what
had
he
seen
D.
what
he
was
seen
13.
I
don't
doubt
she
will
learn
a
lot
during
her
stay
in
Paris.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
that
D.
what
14.
Everything
depends
onwe
have
enough
experience.
A.
if
B.
what
C.
which
D.
whether
15.
He
usually
goes
to
work
on
his
bike
exceptit
rains.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
when
D.
whether
16.
The
boy
has
not
changed
at
all
excepthe
is
no
longer
so
talkative.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
what
D.
if
17.
You
can
write
abouttopic
you
can
think
of.
A.
however
B.
wherever
C.
whenever
D.
whatever
18.
The
owner
of
the
shop
came
to
see
what.
A.
the
matter
was
B.
the
wrong
was
C.
was
the
matter
D.
was
the
wrong
19.
We
don't
care
they
will
not
come
tomorrow.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
when
D.
that
20.
We
made
a
rule
that
we
read
English
in
the
morning.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
21.
We
cannot
figure
out
quite
a
number
of
insects,
birds,
and
animals
are
dying-out.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
why
D.
when
22.
Mr.
Wang
is
to
give
us
a
report
onhe
saw
and
heard
in
Australia.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
whether
D.
which
23.
I
know
nothing
about
the
accidentI
read
in
the
newspaper.
A.
except
what
B.
except
that
C.
except
for
D.
except
24.
Someone
is
ringing
the
doorbell.
Go
and
see.
A.
who
is
he
B.
who
he
is
C.
who
is
it
D.
who
it
is
25.
The
true
value
of
life
is
not
in
,
but
in
.
A.
how
you
get.
.
.
that
you
give
B.
which
you
get.
.
.
what
you
give
C.
what
do
you
get...
what
do
you
give
D.
what
you
get...
what
you
give
26.
When
we
arrived
in
an
old
temple
was
supposed
to
be,
all
we
could
see
was
just
a
railway
station.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
27.
Sarah
hopes
to
become
a
friend
ofshares
her
interests.
A.
anyone
B.
whomever
C.
no
matter
who
D.
whoever
28.
These
wild
flowers
are
so
special
that
I
would
doI
can
to
save
them.
A.
whatever
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whichever
29.
You
can't
imagine
when
they
received
these
nice
Christmas
presents.
A.
how
they
were
excited
B.
how
excited
they
were
C.
how
excited
were
they
D.
they
were
how
excited
30.
Eat
cake
you
like
and
leave
the
others
forcomes
late.
A.
any..
.
who
B.
whichever.
.
.
whoever
C.
whatever...
whom
D.
every...
who
知识点4：同位语从句
一、同位语从句的定义
在复合句主句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列，补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句，
被称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer,
hope,
fact,
truth,
belief,
news,
idea,
promise,
information,
conclusion,
order,
suggestion,
problem,
question,
thought,
report,
belief,
decision,
doubt,
opinion,
theory等抽象名词。
例如：
The
news
that
his
health
is
failing
made
us
sad.
他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
I
have
no
idea
where
they
are
spending
their
holidays.
我不知道他们在哪里度假。
The
question
who
should
do
the
work
requires
consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑.
There
is
no
doubt
that
he
will
come
here
again.他会再来这里，
这是毫无疑问的。
He
was
tortured
by
the
doubt
whether
he
would
accept
their
presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。
二、同位语从句的关系词
1.
如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导，而且that不能省略。如
:
1）The
thought
that
we
might
success
excited
us.
2）The
idea
that
they
should
try
a
second
time
is
worth
considering.
2.
如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否、什么、谁、什么时候、什么地方、什么方式等含义时，则用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑问词引导。如：
1）The
question
whether
we
need
more
time
to
do
the
work
has
not
been
discussed.
我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未讨论。
2）I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
be
back.
3）She
raised
the
question
where
we
could
get
the
fund.
她提出这个问题，我们到哪里弄这笔资金。
4）I
have
some
doubt
whether
he
is
suitable
for
the
job.
他是否适合这份工作，我有点怀疑。
（比较：There’s
no
doubt
that
Robert
will
keep
his
promise.
毫无疑问，罗伯特会履行诺言的。）
注意：主句为肯定句时，doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导，主句为否定句时，doubt之后的同位语从句用that引导。
3.
有时可用namely（即），that
is
to
say,
in
other
words,
that
is,
i.e.(=that
is),
for
example
等列出同位语，说明其前面的名词（或代词）。如：
1）He
told
us
the
good
news,
namely,
the
museum
is
open
to
all.
2）There
is
only
one
way
of
improving
your
English,
that
is,
to
practice
more.
同位语从句与定语从句区别
1.
先行词不同：一般说来，定语从句的先行词由名词或代词充当，同位语从句的先行词常常是抽象名词，而且在定语从句中，when,
where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词，而同位语从句中没有此对应关系。
1）Those
who
want
to
go
please
sign
their
names
here.（定语从句）
2）We
express
the
hope
that
they
will
come
to
visit
China
again.（同位语从句）
3）He
didn’t
tell
us
the
date
when
he
would
come
back.（定语从句）
4）I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back.（同位语从句）
2.
从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的具体内容，于先行词是同位关系；定语从句用来修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词是修饰关系。
1）The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
2）The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
3.
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，作宾语时常可省略。
1）Dad
made
a
promise
that
he
would
buy
me
CD
player
if
I
passed
the
English
test.
（that
不充当任何成分）
2）Dad
made
a
promise
that
excited
all
his
children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
3）The
news
(that)
he
told
me
is
exciting.
(that
作宾语，可省略)
4.
when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
when
和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：
This
is
the
place
(where
the
accident
happened).
（定语从句）
They
put
forward
the
question
(where
they
could
get
the
money).
（同位语从句）
【例题精讲】
1.
Word
came
I
was
wanted
on
the
phone.
A.
which
B.
why
C.
that
D.
whether
2.
An
idea
came
to
her
she
might
do
the
experiment
in
another
way.
A.
which
B.
why
C.
that
D.
whether
3.
Along
with
the
letter
was
his
promise
he
would
visit
me
this
coming
Christmas.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
whether
4.
Information
has
been
put
forward
more
middle
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
when
D.
why
5.
A
story
goes
Elizabeth
I
of
England
liked
nothing
more
than
being
surrounded
by
clever
and
qualified
noblemen
at
court.
when
B.
where
C.
what
D.
that
【巩固练习】
1.
I
have
no
doubt
he
will
get
through
the
examination.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
as
2.
One
of
the
men
held
the
view
the
book
said
was
right.
A.
that
what
B.
what
that
C.
that
D.
whether
3.
He
always
works
hard
even
if
he
knows
the
fact
he
is
not
in
good
health.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
why
D.
while
4.
We
all
know
the
truth
there
is
air,
water
and
sunlight,
there
are
living
things.
A.
in
wherever
B.
that
wherever
C.
where
D.
that
5.
The
social
problem
it
is
right
or
wrong
has
not
yet
been
decided.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
what
D.
Which
各区一模
1.
_________
she
was
at
the
time
of
the
murder
was
of
major
concern
to
the
police
that
are
investigating
the
case.
(徐汇区一模)
2.
People
may
forget
what
you
said
or
what
you
did,
but
they
will
never
forget
_________
you
made
them
feel.
(徐汇区一模)
3.
You
didn’t
study
for
your
test,
so
your
teacher
has
a
point
about
_________
you
failed!
(宝山区一模)
4.
Nowadays,
you’ll
notice
a
phenomenon
_________
a
lot
of
people
are
wearing
jeans
to
concerts.
(宝山区一模)
5.
Mary’s
success
lies
in
the
fact
_________
she
is
co-operative
and
eager
to
learn
from
others.
(长宁区一模)
6.
A
high
definition
digital
camera
on
this
cell
phone
can
show
you
vividly_________
is
around
the
person
you
are
talking
to.
(长宁区一模)
7.
According
to
the
survey,
the
result
is
shocking_________
the
number
of
people
living
alone
has
risen.
(奉贤区一模)
8.
Online
education
forces
colleges
to
focus
on
the
rest
of
the
learning
process,
which
is
__________
the
real
value
lies.
(奉贤区一模)
9.
Director
Ang
Lee
told
the
New
York
Film
Festival
audience
following
the
screening
_________
Life
of
Pi
was
extremely
hard
to
make.
(黄浦区一模)
10.
Of
course,
the
fact
_________
misguided
forms
of
dieting
result
in
so
many
problems
does
not
mean
that
no
dieting
is
safe.
(黄浦区一模)
11.
The
limits
of
a
person’s
intelligence
are
fixed
at
birth,
but
_________
he
reaches
these
limits
depends
on
his
environment.
(浦东新区一模)
12.
His
writing
is
so
confusing
that
it’s
difficult
to
make
out
_________
it
is
he
is
trying
to
express.
(普陀区一模)
13.
Although
he
has
become
wealthy,
Mr.
Wood
remains
_________
he
used
to
be,
modest
and
friendly.
(普陀区一模)
14.
_________
the
city’s
public
school
system
should
be
open
to
the
children
of
migrant
workers
has
become
the
focus
of
discussion.
(杨浦区一模)
15.
Can
you
be
honest
about
_________
it
would
take
to
defend
yourself
against
a
gun
attack?
(青浦区一模)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
lowered
B.
administering
C.
supports
D.
scientifically
E.
diagnosed
F.
originally
G.
access
H.
gaps
I.
expanding
J.
ranging
K.
balloon
Can
Food
Replace
Medicine?
If
Food
is
indeed
medicine,
then
it's
time
to
treat
it
that
way.
In
his
upcoming
book,
Eat
to
Beat
Diseases,
Dr
William
Li,
a
heart
expert,
pulls
together
years
of
stored
data
and
processes
specific
doses（剂量）
of
food
that
can
treat
diseases
(31)
from
a
mild
cold
to
cancer.
Not
all
doctors
agree
that
the
science
supports
(32)
food
like
drugs,
but
he
is
hoping
the
idea
will
motivate
more
researchers
to
study
food
in
ways
as
(33)
strict
as
possible
and
generate
stronger
data
in
coming
years.
"We
are
far
away
from
prescribing（开处方）
diets
to
fight
diseases,"
he
says.
"And
we
may
never
get
there.
But
we
are
looking
to
fill
in
the
(34)
that
have
long
existed
in
this
field
with
real
science.
This
is
the
beginning
of
a
better
tomorrow."
And
talking
about
food
in
terms
of
doses
might
push
more
doctors
to
focus
on
patients'
grocery
lists
instead.
So
far,
several
hundred
people
who
rely
on
the
Fresh
Food
Program
have
had
their
risk
of
serious
diabetes（糖尿病）
complications
(35)
by
40%
and
hospitalizations
cut
by
70%
compared
with
other
diabetic
people
in
the
area
who
lack
(36)
to
the
program.
This
year,
on
the
basis
of
its
success
so
far,
the
Fresh
Food
Program
is
doubling
the
number
of
patients
it
(37)
.
Shicowich
knows
firsthand
how
important
that
will
be
for
people
like
him.
When
he
was
first
(38)
,
he
lost
weight
and
controlled
his
blood
sugar,
but
he
found
those
changes
hard
to
maintain
and
soon
saw
his
weight
(39)
and
his
blood-sugar
levels
skyrocket.
He
has
become
one
of
the
program's
better-known
success
stories,
and
now
works
part
time
in
the
produce
section
of
a
supermarket
and
cooks
nearly
all
his
meals.
He's
(40)
his
cooking
skills
to
include
fish,
which
he
had
never
tried
preparing
before.
"I
know
what
healthy
food
looks
like,
and
I
know
what
to
do
with
it
now,"
he
says.
"Without
this
program
and
without
the
support
system,
I
will
probably
still
be
sitting
on
a
couch
with
a
box
of
biscuits."
建议15min
2.
解题技巧：
1.
从句子结构入手，首先分清楚简单句和复合句。
2.
连词的选用依据
“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；
方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether
和if（是否）。
冲刺四校自招精析版模拟卷（1）
一、单选：
1．——You
looked
upset.
What’s
the
matter?
——My
plan
was
_____
again.
A.
turned
on
B.
turned
down
C.
turned
up
D.
turned
off
2．---
Can
your
factory
really
afford
____
food
for
the
people
in
the
flooded
area?
---
I
believe
we
can
because
we
have
____
workers.
A.
a
number
of;
plenty
of
B.
a
large
amount
of;
the
number
of
C.
plenty
of;
the
number
of
D.
a
large
amount
of;
a
number
of
3．Don’t
worry.
I’m
sure
you’ll
succeed
_______
if
you
work
hard.
A.
on
time
B.
in
time
C.
at
times
D.
ahead
of
time
4．He
liked
the
article
in
the
newspaper
so
much
that
he
______
his
own
work
and
translated
it
into
English
A.
set
out
B.
turned
down
C.
cut
out
D.
set
aside
5．He
played
the
computer
game
till
late
last
night,
________,early
this
morning.
A.
rather
than
B.
or
rather
C.
other
than
D.
more
than
6.
—
Let's
hurry.
Professor
Beach
is
coming.
—
Oh,
I
was
afraid
that
we
___________.
A.
already
miss
him
B.
will
miss
him
C.
have
already
missed
him
D.
had
already
missed
him
7.
The
mother
hurried
into
Jack’s
room
and
found
him
__________
at
the
desk.
A.
seated
B.
seating
C.
was
seating
D.
to
be
seating
8.
—
Shall
I
tell
Sally
about
it?
—
No,
you
___________.
I’ve
told
her
already.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
can’t
9.
—
Do
you
know
___________
the
MP3
player
last
week?
—
Sorry,
I
have
no
idea.
A.
how
much
did
she
pay
for
B.
how
much
she
paid
for
C.
how
much
will
she
pay
for
D.
how
much
she
will
pay
for
10.
I
have
no
one
___________
me,
for
I
am
a
new
comer
here.
A.
helped
B.
helping
C.
to
help
D.
to
have
helped
二、Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
criticize
desperately
establishfeaturefocusgratitudeheartfelt
humanityinfluencepresenttouch
Letters
Brought
Back
to
Life
Letters
as
a
way
of
communication
have
long
given
way
to
phone
calls
and
WeChat
messages.
But
a
TV
show,
Letters
Alive,
is
helping
bring
this
old
way
to
keep
in
touch
back
into
the
__31__.
Letters
Alive
took
its
idea
from
a
UK
program
with
a
similar
name,
Letters
Live.
Both
shows
__32__
famous
actors
and
actresses,
but
there
is
no
gossip,
no
eye-catching
visual
e?ects.
Instead,
it’s
just
one
person
walking
up
to
a
microphone
and
reading
a
letter.
But
these
are
not
just
any
letters.
They
vary
greatly
in
time
and
subjects.
There
is,
for
example,
a
passionate
letter
that
famous
painter
Huang
Yongyu
wrote
to
playwright
Cao
Yu
30
years
ago
to
__33__
his
lack
of
creativity.
There
is
also
a(n)
__34__
note
from
Spring
and
Autumn
Period
written
by
two
ordinary
young
soldiers
to
their
elder
brother
to
report
their
lives
in
the
war
zone.
Compared
to
published
texts,
letters
also
come
with
a
personal
__35__.
One
example
from
Letters
Live
was
a
note
of
__36__
from
the
mother
of
a
dying
child
to
JK
Rowling,
author
of
the
Harry
Potter
books.
It
read:
“Mrs
Rowling,
cancer
threatened
to
take
everything
from
my
daughter,
and
your
books
turned
out
to
be
the
castle
we
so
__37__
needed
to
hide
in.”
According
to
Guan
Zhengwen,
the
director
of
Letters
Alive,
it
is
this
kind
of
__38__
behind
every
letter
that
strikes
a
harmony
with
the
audience.
“It’s
a
thing
of
the
past
that
entertainment
shows
__39__
themselves
only
with
pretty
faces,”
Guan
told
Sohu
News.
“Entertainment
industry
is
starting
to
switch
to
a(n)
__40__
on
wisdom
and
intelligence.”
三、Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
To
Apologize
or
Not
to
Apologize
Why
difficult?
When
we
do
wrong
to
someone
we
know,
even
not
41
,
we
are
generally
expected
to
apologize
so
as
to
improve
the
situation.
But
when
we’re
acting
as
leaders,
the
circumstances
are
42
.
The
act
of
apology
is
carried
out
not
merely
at
the
level
of
the
43
but
also
at
the
level
of
the
institution.
It
is
a
performance
in
which
every
word
or
expression
44
,
as
they
become
part
of
the
public
record.
Refusing
to
apologize
can
be
smart,
or
it
can
be
stupid.
So,
readiness
to
apologize
can
be
seen
as
a
sign
of
strong
character
or
as
a
sign
of
weakness.
Why
now?
The
question
of
whether
leaders
should
apologize
publicly
has
never
been
more
45
.
During
the
last
decade
or
so,
the
United
States
in
particular
has
developed
an
apology
culture—apologies
of
all
kinds
and
for
all
sorts
of
wrongdoings
are
made
far
more
46
than
before.
More
newspaper
writers
have
written
about
the
growing
importance
of
47
apologies.
Meanwhile,
more
and
more
articles,
advice
columns,
and
radio
and
television
programs
have
similarly
dealt
with
the
subject
of
48
apologies.
Although
they
are
not
carried
out
in
the
public
place,
we
can’t
neglect
the
importance
of
this
performance.
Why
49
?
Why
do
we
apologize?
Why
do
we
ever
put
ourselves
in
situations
likely
to
be
difficult,
embarrassing,
and
even
risky?
Leaders
who
apologize
publicly
could
be
an
easy
target
for
50
.
They
are
expected
to
appear
strong
and
capable.
And
whenever
they
make
public
statements
of
any
kind,
their
individual
and
institutional
reputations
are
in
danger.
Clearly,
then,
leaders
should
not
apologize
often.
For
a
leader
to
express
apology,
there
needs
to
be
a
strong
51
.
Leaders
will
publicly
apologize
if
and
when
they
think
the
costs
of
doing
so
are
lower
than
the
costs
of
not
doing
so.
Why
refuse?
Why
is
it
that
leaders
so
often
try
every
means
to
52
apologies,
even
when
a
public
apology
seems
to
be
in
order?
Their
reasons
can
be
individual
or
institutional.
Because
leaders
are
public
figures,
their
apologies
are
likely
to
be
personally
uncomfortable
and
even
53
risky.
Apologies
can
be
signals
for
admitting
mistakes
and
mistakes
can
be
indication
of
job
insecurity.
Leaders
may
also
be
afraid
that
54
of
a
mistake
will
damage
or
destroy
the
organization
for
which
they
are
responsible.
There
can
be
good
reasons
for
hanging
tough
(硬撑)
in
tough
situations,
as
we
shall
see,
but
it
is
a
high-risk
55
.
41.
A.
immediately
B.
intentionally
C.
occasionally
D.
accidentally
42.
A.
simple
B.
ridiculous
C.
abnormal
D.
different
43.
A.
individual
B.
company
C.
family
D.
society
44.
A.
conflicts
B.
matters
C.
appeals
D.
deceives
45.
A.
urgent
B.
possible
C.
necessary
D.
simple
46.
A.
interestedly
B.
patiently
C.
frequently
D.
hopefully
47.
A.
faithful
B.
trusty
C.
immediate
D.
public
48.
A.
sincere
B.
acceptable
C.
private
D.
positive
49.
A.
bother
B.
reduce
C.
regret
D.
ignore
50.
A.
promotion
B.
criticism
C.
appreciation
D.
identification
51.
A.
personality
B.
will
C.
reason
D.
desire
52.
A.
attempt
B.
involve
C.
commit
D.
avoid
53.
A.
financially
B.
professionally
C.
academically
D.
physically
54.
A.
avoidance
B.
admission
C.
involvement
D.
elimination
55.
A.
fulfillment
B.
statement
C.
occupation
D.
strategy
四、Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
One
way
people
are
responding
to
food
safety
concerns
is
by
growing
their
own
food．However，not
everyone
lives
on
property
with
enough
space
for
a
private
plot．One
solution
is
community
gardens，which
have
become
popular
worldwide，numbering
18，000
in
North
America
alone．In
addition
to
providing
low﹣cost，delicious
food，these
public
spaces
offer
cities
a
range
of
other
benefits．
Community
gardens
are
located
in
a
town
or
city
and
tended
by
local
residents．Often，the
land
is
on
a
vacant
lot
owned
by
the
city．The
site
is
divided
into
manageable
plots，which
may
be
tended
by
individuals
or
by
the
garden's
members
collectively．Since
the
land
is
usually
publicly
owned，the
cost
for
gardeners
to
lease
it
is
minimal．In
fact，New
York
City，which
is
home
to
more
than
750
community
gardens
tended
by
more
than
20，000
members，charges
people
just
$1
a
year
to
lease
a
plot．Other
costs
involve
soil，tools，seeds，fencing，and
so
on．However，because
they're
shared
by
many
people，individual
gardeners
pay
very
little．
A
community
garden
can
quickly
pay
off，in
terms
of
delicious
fruits
and
vegetables，in
addition
to
beautiful
flowers．Excess
produce
can
be
sold
for
a
profit
at
farmers
markets．But
a
garden's
benefit
don't
stop
there．They
also
beautify
cities，foster
strong
relationships
among
residents，and
lower
an
area's
crime
rate．Award﹣winning
spaces
like
London's
Culpeper
Community
Garden
even
attract
tourists．Beautiful
and
affordable，community
gardens
are
often
described
as
oases
in
crowded
cities．
56．Community
gardens
are
designed
for
those
who________．
A．are
concerned
about
food
safety
B．live
in
a
house
with
a
private
plot
C．can't
afford
to
buy
organic
food
D．don't
have
their
own
property
57．New
York
City________ ．
A．is
owned
by
20，000
individual
gardeners
B．charges
residents
a
lot
to
lease
tools
and
fencing
C．contains
more
than
750
community
gardens
D．is
tended
by
professional
gardeners
and
local
residents
58．What's
the
benefit
of
community
gardens？_________
A．People
can
enjoy
safe
and
delicious
vegetables
and
animal
meat．
B．Residents
are
more
familiar
and
related
with
each
other．
C．The
neighborhood
is
becoming
safer
but
of
lower
taste．
D．People
can
make
some
profits
from
the
visiting
tourists．
59．The
underlined
word"oases"is
closest
in
meaning
to ________ ．
A．cultural
and
art
centers
B．popular
platforms
for
exchanges
C．peaceful
and
safe
lands
D．commercial
and
prosperous
places．
African
Safari
Essential
information
you
need
to
know
before
booking
your
African
Safari
in
Southern
Africa﹣These
tips
will
enhance
the
experience
that
you
have
Things
to
Consider
Before
Booking
an
African
Safari
1）Book
in
Advance
African
Safaris
are
now
hugely
popular
and
good
safari
camps
often
get
booked
out
more
than
a
year
in
advance，especially
during
the
high
season
from
July
through
to
October．Show
more…
2）Choosing
which
game
park
Different
parks
have
different
topography
and
weather
patterns﹣this
greatly
affects
animal
movements
at
different
times
of
the
year．If
you
want
to
target
certain
species
of
animals，then
some
parks
are
better
than
others
for
certain
species．Show
more…
3）Choosing
which
lodge
or
safari
camp
A
typical
safari
camp
has
between
10
and
20
beds，it
is
an
intimate
safari
experience
and
very
personalized．However，there
are
also
hotels
in
some
places，either
inside
or
just
outside
a
national
park，which
can
sleep
anything
up
to
300
people．Show
more…
4）Guiding
The
quality，experience
and
knowledge
of
the
game
at
any
Safari
camp
is
almost
the
most
important
factor
to
consider．Good
guides
can
transform
your
experience
from
ordinary
to
exceptional．Show
more…
5）What's
the
Best
Time
of
Year
to
go
on
Safari
Understandably
as
the
seasons
change
so
does
the
safari
experience．It
is
highly
advisable
to
find
out
the
best
time
of
year
for
the
safari
area
that
you
are
intending
to
visit．Prices
will
change
dramatically
between
the
high
and
the
low
season，so
good
deals
are
to
be
had
in
the
low
season
but
it
is
important
to
know
the
difference，as
your
experience
will
be
vastly
different．Show
more…
6）The
Price
Going
on
safari
is
not
cheap
whichever
way
you
do
it，but
the
price
range
can
be
enormous．Unfortunately，safaris
in
most
cases
are
a
case
of"you
pay
for
what
you
get"，Show
more…
7）Fly﹣in
safari
or
not
Using
small
charter
planes
is
sometimes
an
absolute
necessity
for
camps
in
remote
areas，where
road
transfers
are
just
not
practical
or
viable．These
flights
can
increase
the
overall
cost
of
the
safari
substantially
but
generally
they
are
woth
it
and
allow
you
the
flexibility
to
visit
a
variety
of
safari
camps
in
different
locations．Show
more…
8）Use
an
Agent
As
you
can
see
from
all
the
information
and
options
detailed
above，there
is
great
deal
to
understand
and
unless
you
go
on
safari
several
times
a
year
it
is
impossible
to
know
all
this
stuff．Show
more…
CONTACT
US
NOW
TO
HELP
PLAN
YOUR
SAFARI
We
are
qualified
travel
agents
who
know
this
area
intimately!
Click
on
the
below
buttons
for
some
fantastic
safari
ideas
60．Which
is
a
determining
factor
in
choosing
a
Safari
camp？________
A．Means
of
transport．
B．Accommodation．
C．Weather
patterns．
D．Game
guides．
61．John
is
planning
to
have
an
African
Safari
in
August
2018．He
should
book
it
in ___________ ．
A．July
2018
B．January
2018
C．July
2017
D．October
2017
62．Which
of
the
following
is
FALSE
about
African
Safari？____________
A．You
can
have
a
good
price
but
same
experience
if
you
travel
in
low
season．
B．If
you
visit
different
camps
in
remote
areas，flights
may
be
unavoidable．
C．The
more
money
you
pay，the
better
experience
you'll
get．
D．Not
all
the
parks
have
the
same
species
of
animals．
A
busy
brain
can
mean
a
hungry
body．We
often
seek
food
after
focused
mental
activity，like
preparing
for
an
exam．Researchers
think
that
heavy
bouts
of
thinking
drain
energy
from
the
brain，whose
capacity
to
store
fuel
is
very
limited．
So
the
brain，sensing
that
it
may
soon
require
more
calories（卡路里）to
keep
going，apparently
stimulates
bodily
hunger，and
even
though
there
has
been
little
in
the
way
of
physical
movement
bodily
hunger，and
even
though
there
has
been
little
in
the
way
of
physical
movement
or
calorie
consumption，we
eat．This
process
may
partly
account
for
the
weight
gain
so
commonly
seen
in
college
students．
Scientists
at
the
University
of
Alabama
at
Birmingham
and
another
institution
recently
experimented
with
exercise
to
counter
such
immoderately
post﹣﹣study
food
consumption．
Gary
Hunter，an
exercise
physiologist
at
U．A．B．，oversaw
the
study．Hunter
notes
that
tough
activity
both
increases
the
amount
of
blood
sugar
and
lactate（乳酸盐）﹣circulating
in
the
blood
and
increases
blood
flow
to
the
head．Because
the
brain
uses
sugar
and
lactate
as
fuel，researchers
wondered
if
the
increased
flow
of
fuel﹣rich
blood
during
exercise
could
feed
an
exhausted
brain
and
reduce
the
urge
to
overeat．
Thirty﹣﹣eight
healthy
college
students
were
invited
to
U．A．B．'s
exercise
lab
to
report
what
their
favorite
pizza
was．At
a
later
date，the
volunteers
returned
and
spent
20
minutes
dealing
with
selections
from
college
and
graduate﹣﹣school
entrance
exams．Next，half
the
students
sat
quietly
for
15
minutes，before
being
given
pizza．The
rest
of
the
volunteers
spent
those
15
minutes
doing
intervals
on
a
treadmill：two
minutes
of
hard
running
followed
by
about
one
minute
of
walking，repeated
five
times．Hunter
says，that
should
stimulate
the
release
of
sugar
and
lactate
into
the
bloodstream．These
students
were
then
allowed
to
gorge
on
pizza，too．But
by
and
large，they
did
not
overeat．In
fact，the
non﹣exercisers，however，consumed
about
100
calories
more．
The
study
has
limitations，of
course．We
only
looked
at
lunch．Hunter
says；the
researchers
do
not
know
if
the
runners
consumed
extra
calories
at
dinner．They
also
cannot
tell
whether
other
types
of
exercise
would
have
the
same
effect
as
running，although
Hunter
says
they
suspect
that
if
an
activity
causes
someone
to
break
into
a
sweat，it
should
also
increase
blood
sugar
and
lactate，feeding
the
brain
and
weakening
hunger's
call．
63．According
to
the
passage，_______ may
cause
many
college
students
to
overeat
and
gain
weight．
A．a
lot
of
energy﹣consuming
mental
activities
B．numerous
physical
movements
or
calorie
burning
C．failure
to
resist
the
temptation
of
delicious
food
D．bodily
hunger
caused
by
physical
growth
64．The
underlined
word
"counter"
is
closest
in
meaning
to _______ ．
A．stimulate
B．maximize
C．balance
D．prevent
65．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage？__________
A．Running
is
more
beneficial
than
walking．
B．Sweating
in
exercise
can
make
people
hungrier．
C．The
amount
of
blood
sugar
and
lactate
can
affect
people's
appetite．
D．When
the
brain
feels
exhausted，people
tend
to
do
exercise
for
relaxation．
66．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
FALSE？______
A．Mental
activities
can
make
people
feel
hungry．
B．Physical
exercise
can
make
people
refreshed
and
stay
hungry．
C．Sugar
and
lactate
can
help
energize
and
restore
people's
brain．
D．It's
uncertain
what
types
of
exercise
can
effectively
feed
the
brain．
四、Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。（ban）
出乎我的意料，年轻人对中国古诗词显示出了极大的热情。（passion）
一考定终身的日子已经一去不复返了，但不可否认的是考试越多，学生压力越大。（denying）
