2021年中考英语阅读理解强化训练（三）人物传记类（含答案）

2021届中考英语阅读理解强化训练（三）
人物传记类
（一）
??? "Why do I live? Why do I wish for anything, or do anything? Is there anything in my life that will not be destroyed by my death?" Like Leo Tolstoy, the famous Russian writer, many people ask these difficult questions. Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult questions.
??? As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. So he worked very hard to be the best in everything. He thought that he would find meaning and truth in success.
??? In 1850s, Tolstoy wrote his first stories. He wrote about his life in the army. He also told stories about his childhood. These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer.
??? He earned the respect he always wanted. Many rich and smart men met and talked with Tolstoy. Some of them were writers like him. They talked a lot about faith (信仰) and the meaning of life. But soon Tolstoy recognized that these men were not perfect. Now he knew they could not answer his questions about faith.
??? So in the 1860s, Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life. He opened a school for the children of his serfs—the people who worked on his land. These workers were very poor. He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew.
??? Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers. He understood how they worked hard to support their families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs.
??? The next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoy's life. It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books—War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Many experts say that War and Peace is one of the greatest books ever written. In these books, Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring him happiness.
??? Leo Tolstoy is still a very respected writer today. His faith and writings have influenced many people all over the world.
1. Which is the correct order of the following events?
①Tolstoy served in the army.
②Tolstoy got married.
③Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.
④Tolstoy opened a school.
⑤Tolstoy became a well-known writer.
A.①⑤③②④ B.⑤①③②④ C.①⑤④②③ D.⑤④①③②
2. Why did Tolstoy want to be the best in everything when he was young?
A. To prepare for his books. B. To achieve perfection.
C. To make a lot of money. D. To show his wisdom.
3. Tolstoy thought he would learn a lot from his workers because they were _____.
A. poor B. honest C. friendly D. patient
4. According to the passage, which of the following is the most important to Tolstoy?
A. Family. B. Success. C. Wealth. D. Fame(名声).
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Leo Tolstoy: Living for writing.
B. Leo Tolstoy: influencing the world.
C. Leo Tolstoy: Being the best in everything.
D. Leo Tolstoy: Searching for the meaning of life.
（二）
?? Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as "the father of China's space program" and "the king of the rocket".
??? When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded (成立) and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
??? In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China's rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite(卫星). On April 24, 1970,"Dongfanghong-Ⅰ" was successfully sent into the air.
??? In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake.
??? Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, "I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn't have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution(贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard."
??? Mr. Qian has been dead for ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.
1. Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young?
A. To find a new job. B. To receive further study.
C. To meet with his parents. D. To find better working conditions.
2. When was China's first medium rocket created?
A. In 1955. B. In 1956. C. In 1964. D. In 1970.
3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China.
B. The reason why a special organization was set up.
C. The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite
D. The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China.
4. In Zhu Yilin's opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland?
A. His love for the motherland. B. His professional knowledge.
C. His working experience. D. His anger towards America.
5. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. Qian was not welcome in America in the 1950s
B. the young man couldn't understand Qian's articles
C. New China was in great need of scientists like Qian
D. hard conditions made it easier to develop rocket industry
（三）
?? Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard to do things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried to help, he would say, "Thanks, but I can do it myself." He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.
??? When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano (钢琴) music very much. "It's too bad you can't play," his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge (挑战). "I will show people that I can," he said to himself.
??? Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself to play the piano and practised for hours a day.
??? Darrius's favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to learn it. "I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers," he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous conceit hall! Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.
??? "I may have a disability," he says, "but I don't let it hold me back from anything."
1.What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10?
A.Writing his music. B.Playing the piano. C.Giving a concert. D.Visiting a hall.
2.How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You?
A.A year B.A month C.A?day D.An hour
3.Who encouraged Darrius to follow his dream?
A.His classmate. B.His father. C.A neighbour. D.A musician.
4.What can we learn about Darrius from the text?
A.He has a strong will B.He bought himself a piano.
C.He gave up his dream D.He only plays others' music
（四）
??? In the state of Qin (秦国) , ?there was a man called Shang Yang (商鞅). ?He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (报酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war.
??? But these reforms were not easily carried out (执行) at first. ?Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. ?He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. ?Many people came to see him and the pole.
??? Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”
??? It was a sample job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.
??? Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”??????
??? This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.
After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him. Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and slinger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国).
1.What did Shang Yang do?
A.A statesman. B.A king. C.An emperor. D.A soldier.
2.In order to carry out his reforms, what idea did Shang Yang have?
A.Having a wooden pole carrying competition.
B.Having a wooden pole cutting competition
C.The man stepping forward first would be praised.
D.The man carrying the pole from south gate to the north one would get some gold pieces.
3.Why did Shang Yang's reward increase at last?
A.Because a man stepped forward.
B.Because there wasn’t enough time.
C.Because Shang Yang heard no answer.
D.Because Shang Yang was happy.
4.“They believed he was a man of his word.” What does the underlined part mean?
A.A man who can speak loudly.
B.A man who likes to speak a lot.
C.A man who keeps his word.
D.A man of few words.
5.After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China?
A.Shang Yang became the first emperor.
B.The first empire of China appeared.
C.The south gate fell down.
D.The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.
（五）
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3.His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius' lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others,” he said.
1.Today we still remember Confucius mainly because 　　　.?
A.he lived a poor life in his childhood
B.he had wise thoughts and great views about education
C.he traveled with his students from state to state
D.he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
2.Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports 　　　 as a child.?
A.by teaching himself at home
B.with the help of his mother
C.by going to school
D.by visiting many famous teachers
3.The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to 　　　.?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.poor B.bright C.wealthy D.cute
4.The correct order of the following statements is 　　　.?
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
③Confucius' father died.
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.
A.③①④② B.②③④①
C.①③②④ D.④③①②
5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.All study but no thinking makes people puzzled.
B.No one has something worthy to be learned.
C.All thinking but no study makes people lazy.
D.A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.
（六）
???.
??? World famous physicist (物理学家) Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home in Cambridge on March 14th, 2018.
??? Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8th, 1942. He went to school in a small city near London. As he himself admitted, he wasn’t very serious about studying. He did very little work, he was never top of his class. However, he still achieved good marks. After leaving school, Hawking first went to Oxford University to study physics. Then he went to Cambridge University to study cosmology (宇宙学).
??? At the age of 21, Hawking noticed something wrong with him. He had a bad illness that stopped him from moving and talking. He couldn’t communicate except by blinking (眨眼). He sat on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate with others, he moved two fingers to control the computer’s mouse. He chose his words from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer(音响合成器). "I’ve had the disease for most of my life," Hawking once said, "Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work."
??? Although Hawking was a disabled man, he made great achievements. He received many awards and prizes for his work, including the Albert Einstein Award—the highest achievement in physics. Hawking worked at Cambridge University as a professor. His story shows that nobody, however bad their situation is, should lose hope. "Life is not fair." he once said, "You just have to do the best you can in your own situation."
1.When did Stephen Hawking pass away?
A.On January 8th, 1942
B.On March 14th, 2018
C.On March 24th, 2018
2.During studying in a small city near London, we know that?????????????.
A.Stephen Hawking was the best student of his class
B.Stephen Hawking didn’t work hard at his lessons
C.Stephen Hawking began to study cosmology
3.What happened to Stephen Hawking when he was 21?
A.There was something wrong with his head
B.He couldn’t even blink to communicate except by moving fingers
C.He could neither talk nor move
4.How did Stephen Hawking communicate with others after the bad illness?
A.By mouth
B. By body languages
C.By a voice synthesizer
5.Why was Stephen Hawking so successful at his work?
A.Because he never hope in his own condition
B. Because life was not fair for him
C.Because he had a bad illness
答案以及解析
（一）
答案：1-5 CBBAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据"in the army, married, War and Peace, opened a school, a well-known writer"在短文中的位置可知选C。
2.细节理解题。根据短文第二段中的"As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough."可知, 他想要达到完美。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据短文第五段中"He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew."可知, 工人们比富人更诚实。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据短文第六段中"He understood how they worked hard to support their families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning."可分析出列夫?托尔斯泰逐步认识到家庭在他生活中真正的意义。故选A。
5.主旨大意题。阅读全文可知, 文章主要按时间顺序讲述了列夫?托尔斯泰想要过完美且有意义的人生, 并为此而努力的过程。故选D。
（二）
答案：1-5 BCDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段首句"When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study."可知, 钱学森去美国的目的是学习深造。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket."可知, 中国是在1964 年成功研制出了中型火箭。故选C。
3.主旨大意题。阅读文章可知, 第三段主要讲钱学森对中国的贡献。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"…especially his deep love for the motherland."可知, 钱学森最令人敬佩之处是对祖国的热爱, 这也是他努力为祖国工作的动力。故选A。
5.推理判断题。A项与第二段第二句中"…he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better."相矛盾, 钱学森在美国并非不受欢迎; B项与第四段相矛盾, 年轻人能够指出其中的错误说明他应该能理解钱学森的论文; D项意为"困难的条件让发展火箭工业更容易"是对文章第五段理解的偏差。由第五段中"New China was badly in need of scientists for its development"可知新中国急需像钱学森这样的人才。故选C。
（三）
答案：1-4 BADA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的"he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much"和第三句"But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战)."可知, Darrius在十岁时把弹钢琴当做是一项挑战。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根-倒数第二段第二句"It took Darrius a year to learn it."可知, Darrius花了—年的时间来学习弹奏River Flows in You这首曲子。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句"Darrius's favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. "和倒数第三句"Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music."可知, 韩国音乐家Yiruma鼓励Darrius去追逐他自己的梦想。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据全文内容可知, Darrius虽然只有四根手指, 但是他仍然坚持练习弹钢琴, 最后学会了弹奏自己最喜欢的钢琴曲。由此可推知, Darrius是一个有着坚强的意志力的人。故选A。
（四）
答案：ADCCB
解析：主要讲述的是我国秦朝时期的商鞅变法的故事。
1. 事实细节题。问题：商鞅是干什么的？根据文章第一段中“He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms (改革) for the state”可知，商鞅是一名政治家，故选A。
2. 综合判断题。问题：为了推行他的举措，商鞅想出了什么办法？根据文章第二三段的描述，以及第三段中“The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”可知，选项中A. B. C 的叙述均不符合故事叙述，故选D。
3. 事实细节题。问题：为什么最后商鞅提高了奖励？根据文章第四段的叙述 “Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”” 可知，人民最初不相信，商鞅听说没有结果，便提高了奖励额度。故选C。
4. 词义判断题。问题：划线部分的意思是什么？根据文章中故事的叙述，人们在事实面前知道商鞅是一个信守承诺的人。故选C。
5. 事实细节题。问题：在这些有效的举措以后，中国历史上发生了什么？根据文章最后一段Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and slinger. Al last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国).可知，中国历史上出现了第一个封建制国家。故选B。
（五）
答案：BDCAB
解析： 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.”可知选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知选D。
3.C　词义猜测题。第三段介绍孔子是中国历史上第一个创办公立学校的人,可知那个时代只有来自富裕家庭的孩子才可以上学。故选C。
4.A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,孔子三岁时父亲去世了。年幼的他不得不帮母亲工作来养家糊口。从第三段可知孔子是第一个创办公立学校的人,然后说一生大约有3,000名学生,故A项符合题意。
5.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”可知提到了A、C两项;根据最后一段中“A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others”可知也提到了D项。故选B。
（六）
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C; 5.A
解析：1.题意:史蒂芬·霍金什么时候去世的？考查细节理解题。根据第一句World famous physicist Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home in Cambridge on March 14th, 2018.,可知选B。
2.题意:在伦敦附近的一个小城市学习期间,我们知道 。考查细节理解题。A. Stephen Hawking was the best student of his class史蒂芬·霍金是班上最好的学生。B. Stephen Hawking didn’t work hard at his lessons史蒂芬·霍金没有认真学习功课。C. Stephen Hawking began to study cosmology史蒂芬·霍金开始研究宇宙学。根据As he himself admitted, he wasn’t very serious about studying. He did very little work, he was never top of his class.,.可知他对学习不是很认真,故选B。
3.题意: 史蒂芬·霍金21岁时发生了什么事？考查细节理解题。A. There was something wrong with his head他的头有点不对劲。B. He couldn’t even blink to communicate except by moving fingers除了动手指,他连眨眼都不眨。C. He could neither talk nor move他既不会说话也不会移动。根据At the age of 21, Hawking noticed something wrong with him. He had a bad illness that stopped him from moving and talking. He couldn’t communicate except by blinking. 他不能移动和说话了,可知选C。
4.题意:史蒂芬·霍金生病后是怎么和别人交流的？考查细节理解题。根据To communicate with others, he moved two fingers to control the computer’s mouse. He chose his words from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer.他利用音响合成器和别人交流,可知选C。
5.题意:为什么Stephen Hawking在他的工作中如此成功？考查文意理解题。根据作者的议论和霍金的话His story shows that nobody, however bad their situation is, should lose hope. "Life is not fair." he once said, "You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.",结合霍金和命运抗争的事实, 可知选A。