外研版英语八年级下册语法讲练学案： 宾语从句（含巩固练习及答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版英语八（下）语法讲练
Module 8、9、10宾语从句
宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2、宾语从句的语序；3、宾语从句的时态。
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。
一、宾语从句的定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的引导词有三种类型。
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。21教育名师原创作品
1、that引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾_è??????????±é??è?°_句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。如：
He wan_ts_to__speak to the headmaster. He says.（合并为复合句）→He says (that) he wants to speak to the headmaster.
He said (that)__he_wa_nted to stay at home. // She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. // I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2、if或whether引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有一般疑_é?????????????????_或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。如：
I want to _know_i_f (whether) he lives there. // He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。如：
They a_re_tal_king about whether to go there or not. // Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party.
I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。
②宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。如：
It depends on (依靠)whether it is going to rain.
His father is worried about whether he lose his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
It all depends on whether he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。
③宾语是不定式时用whether。如：
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
We really don’t know whether to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。
④有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。如：
Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。
Whether they__can_f_inish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
3、特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：
宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或_??????è???????????_由特殊疑问句转化而来的，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。连接代词引导宾语从句时，它们在句中既起连接句子的作用，又充当一定的成分。而连接副词引导宾语从句时，它们在句中既起连接句子的作用，又在句中充当状语成分。如：
Tom asked who could give the message to her mother.
Do you know _what_h_e said just now? // I wondered how old his brother was.
Can you tell m_e_when_ he will arrive?（when作状语）// Do you know what he said just now?（what作主语）
Could you tell _me_why_ you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？(why作状语)
Do you__know__who (whom) they are waiting foe? // He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can yo_u_tell_ me where the No.3 bus stop is? // I don’t know why the train is late.
二、宾语从句的语序。
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管_???è??????????±???_种形式的句式转化而来，从句都必须采用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如：
Can you t_ell_me_ who(m) do we have to see?（╳） Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?（√）
We don’t know__where_ does he live.（╳） We don’t know where he lives. （√）
Can yo_u_tell_ me if / whether have they visited China? （╳） Can you tell me if / whether they have visited China? （√）
【注意】当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如：
Can you tell me what is the matter?（what在从句中作主语）
I don’t know who is the youngest of them.（who在从句中作主语）21·cn·jy·com
He asked me what was wrong with me.（what在从句中作主语）
三、宾语从句的时态。
1、如果主句的_è°?è????¨è???????°_在时态（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。如： 21*cnjy*com
I don’t k_now_if_ he will come tomorrow. // He says that he has been ill for two days.
Do you kno_w_what_ he was doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? // He says that he is good at English.
2、如果主句的谓语动词是过去_??????????????????_般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）中的某一种形式。如：
He asked wha_t_time_ it was. // He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked__if_yo_u had written to Peter. // He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3、如果宾语从句表示客_è§???????????§????_原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如：【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
He said tha_t_the__sun rises in the east. // The mother told his son that two and three is five.
He told me tha_t_his__father is an English teacher. // We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
He said tha_t_the__earth is round. // Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
The teacher tol_d_us_y_esterday that December 25 is Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。
Our teache_r_said_ that January is the first month of the year. // Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
4、情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
Could yo_u_tell_ me where the nearest hospital is？// Could you let me know when he will arrive here?
四、宾语从句的人称和标点符号。
1. 从句的主语_??????????????????_称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；从句的主语如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；从句的主语如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
“May I use__your__knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her__telep_hone number?” He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号；如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。
Who will _give_u_s a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
五、宾语从句的否定转移。
如果主句的主_è???????????????§°_I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。如：
I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I don’t think chicken can swim.
I thin_k_it???s_ going to rain this afternoon. （变否定句）→I don’t think it’s going to rain this afternoon.
I think he will come. （变否定句）→I don’t think he will come. 我认为他不会来。
I don’t think he__will__come to my party. 而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
He said _that_h_e would go shopping（变否定句）→He said that he would not go shopping
六、宾语从句变反意疑问句。
1. 如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句，但是要注意否定转移的情况。如：
I don’_t_thin_k he can finish the work, can he? // I don’t expect that she would come, would she?
I imagin_e_that_ the students like her, don’t they? // He doesn’t know where I live, does he?
2. 如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。如：
Mary thinks you will come to the meeting, doesn’t she?21世纪教育网版权所有
You think sh_e_is_a_ good teacher, don’t you? // You don’t think English is important, do you?
3. 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。如：
We find that _he_nev_er listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?
七、宾语从句的复合结构。
1. 在think, fin_d,_fee_l, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。如：
I think it important that we should learn swimming well.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. 有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。如：
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
3. 若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。如：
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。
八、宾语从句的替代。
在hope,__belie_ve, imagine, suppose, guess, think等动词以及“I’m afrai”等表达法的后面，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。如：
----Do you think we will have good weather? ----I hope so.
其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式(hope除外)，或者用“not”代替“so”。如：
----Do you _think__we will have good weather? ----I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.)
九、宾语从句的简化。
宾语从句在一定_??????????????????_简化为“疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法：
方法一：改为“V_+????????????è??_”，当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
Li Ming _hopes__he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
She agree_d_that_ she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
方法二：改为“疑问词 _+_????????????_，当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：21cnjy.com
She has forgot_ten_ho_w she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
She has forgot_ten_ho_w she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。
【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell_,_ask,_ show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
Could yo_u_tell_ me how I can get to the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：改为_??????è????????è??_）+不定式”，当主句的谓语动词是order(命令), require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster _ordere_d that we should start at once. →The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：改为“介词加动名词（短语）”，某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
方法五：改为“_???è??_+_V_-ing 形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”，当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的V-ing或不定式形式。如：
She fou_nd_tha_t the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
They f_ound_t_hat the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy.
方法六：改为“不定式（短语）”，动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。如：21教育网
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
方法七：改为“名词或名词短语”。 如：
I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Could _you_te_ll us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum?
The boy doesn’t _know_w_hen and where he was born. →The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法八：改为“V-ing 形式”，动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语，如：21*cnjy*com
I forget I h_ave_cl_osed the window. → I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。
I remember t_hat_I__have told her the truth. → I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。
方法九：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。如：
Soon th_ey_fou_nd that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow.
The tea_cher_f_ound that the boy was very interested in maths. →The teacher found the boy very interested in maths.
方法十：改为“it + 形容词 + 不定式短语”。如：
I found t_hat_it_ was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
十、宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if和when既可以引导宾_è?????????????????_以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
---- S_orry,__I don’t know. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
---- I don’t _know_i_f he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。// ---- He will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。
Module 8、9、10宾语从句巩固练习
一、单项填空
( ) 1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?2-1-c-n-j-y
A. what will To_m_do___ B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
( ) 2. I want to know_________.
A. what is__his_n_ame B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
( ) 3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
( ) 4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which i_s_the__way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is__the_w_ay to the museum D. why does she always go shopping
( ) 5. ---- Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
( ) 6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home【出处：21教育名师】
C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home
( ) 7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how__does__he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend
( ) 8. ---- I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? ---- Usually it comes by 4: 00.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
( ) 9. ---- Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---- Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how _we_can_ get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office
C. h_ow_get_ to the post office D. how could we get to the post office
( ) 10. ---- Can I help you? ---- Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soo_n_will_ it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it
( ) 11. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whet_her_he_ speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s__going_ to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held
( ) 12. ---- Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden? ---- The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. w_hen_wi_ll you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
( ) 13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. what _should_ we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what
( ) 14. _You_ca_n’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they werewww.21-cn-jy.com
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
( ) 15.__I_wan_t to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
( ) 16. --_--_Cou_ld you tell me ____________? ---- Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
A. what do_es_he__say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting
C. wha_t_he_s_ays at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting
( ) 17. ---- Could you tell me _________ last night? ---- Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.
A. what yo_u_were_ doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing
( ) 18. The teacher asked the students __________.
A. if they__were__interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what th_ey_wil_l do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted
( ) 19. _Every__morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
A. _they_h_ad had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had
( ) 20.__It???s__up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
( ) 21. ---- _Do_you_ know if he to play basketball with us? ---- I think he will come if he free tomorrow.
A. will com_e,_is__ B. comes, is C. comes, will be D. will come, will be
( ) 22. I don’t know Tom will come or not.
A. weather B. whether C. how D. that
( ) 23. I__don???t_ know ______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
( ) 24. 5 Linda said the moon ______ round the earth.
A. travelled B. travels C. has travelled D. had travelled
( ) 25. I don’t know or not I have passed the exam.
A. weather B. if C. whether D. that 【版权所有：21教育】
二、句型变变变。按括号里的要求改写句子，每空一词。
A. 将两个简单句合并成一个复合句：
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy playing the chess? Could you tell us?
→Could you tell us ______ Mr. Brown ______ playing the chess?
2. Can the girl speak Chinese？ He asked me.
→He asked me ______ the girl ______ speak Chinese.
3. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
→My teacher told me _____ light ______ faster than sound.
4. When does the flight fly? I want to know.
→I want to know ______ the flight ______.
5. How many people are there in the picture? Who can tell me?21·世纪*教育网
→Who can tell me _____ _____ people ____ _____ in the picture?
6. Did they have a good journey home? Do you know?
→Do you know they a good journey home?
7. Where does he live? I don’t know.
→I don’t know .
B. 将含宾语从句的复合句改成简单句：
1. I saw they were playing football on the playground.
→I saw _____ _____ football on the playground.
2. The teacher found that she was very clever.
→The teacher _____ _____ very clever.
3. He found that it was hard to learn English well.
→He found _____ hard _____learn English well.
4. We are sure that we will win the first match.
→We are sure _____ _____the first match.
5. Can you show me how I can use the computer?
→Can you show me______ ______ use the computer?
6. The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.
→The old lady found out fruit cheaply.
三、根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.
2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗?
Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?
5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..
6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.
7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？
Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?
8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？
Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away?
9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。
Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.
10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。
Jack said he _______ something important to do.
Module 8、9、10宾语从句巩固练习（答案）
一、单项选择。
1—5 CDBBC 6—10 DCCAC 11—15 BBCBD 16—20 DAACA 21—25 ABDBC
二、句型变变变。按括号里的要求改写句子，每空一词。
A. 将两个简单句合并成一个复合句：
1.if/whether enj_oys__2_.if could 3.that travels 4.when flies 5.how many there are 6. if, had 7. where he lives
B. 将含宾语从句的复_??????????????????_句：1.them playing 2.found her 3.it to 4.to win 5.how to 6. where to buy
三、根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1.he is 2.wi_ll_com_e 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had
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