Module 6 Hobbies 语法讲练学案: 英语简单句的基本句型(含巩固练习及答案)

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名称 Module 6 Hobbies 语法讲练学案: 英语简单句的基本句型(含巩固练习及答案)
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更新时间 2021-05-14 17:08:26

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
外研版英语八(下)语法讲练
Module 6 英语句子成分及简单句的基本句型
英语句子成分
句子成分概述
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分_???è?±è???????????_基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。
1.主语
是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子_???????????????è??_由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、数词、不定式、动名词和相当于名词的词、短语和从句等充当,通常放在句首。如: 21·cn·jy·com
The painter painted a very nice picture. 画家画了一幅漂亮的画。(名词) 21*cnjy*com
They fought against SARS bravely. 他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。(代词) 21教育名师原创作品
One of my classmates is from Shanghai. 我的一个同学来自上海。(数词)21*cnjy*com
To see is to believe. 耳听为虚眼见为实。(不定式)
Helping animals is to help people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类。(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语做主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语
说明主语的动作或状态,也_??????????????????_部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、联系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,联系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
I felt cold. 我觉得冷。(系动词+表语)
He works in a factory. 他在一家工厂上班。(实义动词)
Do you speak English? 你说英语吗? (助动词+实义动词)
How can I get to the station? 到车站怎么走? (情态动词+实义动词)
They are working in the field. 他们正在地里干活。(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语
是及物动词所涉及的对象,_???è????±???è?????_代词(人称代词用宾格)、不定式、动名词、短语和(宾语)从句等充当,一般放在及物动词的后面和介词的后面。如:
He is doing his homework. 他正在做他的家庭作业。(名词)
They did nothing this morning. 今天早上他们什么也没做。(代词)
She wan_ts_to__go home. 她想要回家。(不定式) // We enjoy playing football. 我们喜欢踢足球。(动名词)
【注意】
①有的动词可接双宾语,间接_???è??????????????_接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write, buy, choose, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。如:
He bought me a book. 他给我买了一本书。(间宾+直宾)
Pass me the ball, will you? 把球传给我,好吗?(间宾+直宾)
I’ll send him a letter this afternoon. (间宾+直宾)
Give me a piece of paper, please. (间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,_???è??????????????_语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。如:
Wang Ning lent some money to Li Hai. 王宁借给李海一些钱。(直宾+间宾)
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用_??¨è????????bu_y, choose, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。如:
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom. 小刘给汤姆买了一本字典。(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语_???è?????è????¨??¨_名词。这类动词有:want, wish, hope, promise, decide, agree, choose, care等。如:
I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。
③有的动词一般只用动名_è????????è?????è??_不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy, finish, mind, practice, miss, suggest, keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a) forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如:
I forgot returning the book to him. 我忘了还书给他了。(书已还给他了)
Don’t forget to come here earlier tomorrow. 别忘了明天早点来这儿。(还没来)
b) stop to do (不定式为状语) 表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:
I stopped to talk with him. 我停下来与他谈话。
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们停止谈话。
4.表语
说明主语的性质、身份、特征或_??????????????????_成分,一般由名词、数词、形容词、介词、动名词、分词、不定式和(表语)从句等充当。它们常与其前面的系动词一起构成谓语,构成“系表结构”。常用的联系动词有:be, become, get, look, sound(听起来), feel, smell, turn, taste(尝起来), seem等。如:
They are workers. 他们是个人。(名词) // Two and three is five. 二加三等于五。(数词)
She is _at_hom_e. 她在家。(介词短语) // M y job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动名词)
I feel te_rrible_. 我感觉糟透了。(形容词) // The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜尝起来美味。(形容词)
5.定语
用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、代词、形容词性物主代词、不定式、现在分词、介词短语和从句等充当。如:【出处:21教育名师】
What a beautiful kite it is! 它是多么漂亮的一只风筝啊!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher. 她是一位化学老师。(名词)
There are two students in the classroom. 在教室里有两个学生。(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow. 明天我们有些事情要做。(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother. 穿蓝衣服的那个人是我的哥哥。(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
6. 状语。
用于修饰动词_?????????è????????_词或全句,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因和程度等。一般由副词、介词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. 当电话铃响的时候我们正在吃饭。(从句)
He is studying h_ard_so_ as to catch up with others. 他努力学习,以便赶上别人。(不定式短语)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。(副词)
I get up at five in the morning. 我早上五点钟起床。(介词短语)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:He is old enough to go to school.
7.宾语补足语
用于补充说明宾语的动_?????????è????????_宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如:
The doctor told me to do more exercise. 医生告诉我要多做运动。(不定式短语)
We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长。(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。(形容词)www-2-1-cnjy-com
He is going to have his hair cut. 他要去理发。(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky. 他们看见一只鸟在天空飞翔。(现在分词)
简单句的基本句型
句中只含有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫做简单句。
I study English every day. 我每天学英语。
China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.
中国和中国人民在许多方面的进步令人难以置信。
Computers mea_n_a_lo_t to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people.
计算机对人类社会意味着很多,收到越来越多人的关注。
常见的简单句的基本句型有下列六种形式:
1、主语+联系动词+表语(+状语) [S+V+P(+A)]?
此句型中的谓语动词是_è???????¨è????????_本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,它必须和表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式结构等充当。该句型谓语动词为联系动词。常见的联系动词有:一“是”be;一“觉”feel;一“保持”keep;一“好像”seem;四“起来”(look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来);四“变得(get, become, turn, go)等。如:
Leaves turn green. 树叶变绿了。// Tom is very happy today. 汤姆今天很开心。
My books ar_e_on_t_he desk. 我的书在书桌上。// The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
He became a famous doctor last year. 去年他成为了一名著名的医生。?
2、主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+时间/地点状语)[S + V(+A)]?
在此句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等,可以带状语修饰动词。如:
My head aches. 我头疼。// The moon rose. 月亮升起来了。
The sun rises__in_th_e east. 太阳从东方升起。// The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。
3、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+时间/地点状语)[S+V+O(+A)]?
该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如:21cnjy.com
We help each other. 我们互相帮忙。// Cows eat grass on the hill. 牛在山上吃草。
I finished r_eading_ the book. 我读完了这本书。// The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。
(1)常用-ing_?????????è???????¨_不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。如:
I finished reading the book last night. 昨晚我看完了这本书。
She enjoys reading novels and swimming. 她喜欢读小说和游泳。
(2)常用不定式_???è???????¨-i_ng形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse, want等。如:
Where do you wish to sit? 你想坐哪里?
Tom agreed to lend some money. 汤姆同意借我一些钱。
(3)有些及物动词既可用不定式_???????????¨-i_ng形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget等。如:Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记住替我发了这封信。
I remember posting the letter. 我记得那封信寄过了。
(4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可_??¨???????????????_可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:begin, start, continue。如:We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(+时间/地点状语) [S+V+InO+DO(+A)]
在该句型中,间接宾语有时也可_?????????????????±_to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语之后,即构成“主语+谓语+直宾+介词+间宾”的句型。这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如:?
I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。
I gave h_im_a_b_ook last week. = I gave a book to him last week. 上周我给了他一本书。
My aun_t_boug_ht me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。?
间接宾语前需_è?????to_???_常用动词有:give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy, cook, choose, get, make, order, save, sing等。
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+时间/地点状语) [S+V+O+OC(+A)]
宾补的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。它可以由不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如:www.21-cn-jy.com
We call him Tom. 我们叫他汤姆。(名词)
The news made everyone happy. 这个消息使得每个人高兴。(形容词)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持教室干净整洁。(形容词)
(1)及物动词后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:
We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。// Don’t get your hands dirty. 不要把你的手弄脏。
(2)在感官动词see, he_ar,_fe_el, watch, listen to, look at, notice和使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。如:
I saw him go into the room. 我看见他进了房间。
→He was seen to go into the room. 他被看见进了房间。
He made me work twelve hours a day. 他让我一天工作十二小时。
→I was made to work twelve hours a day. 我被迫一天工作十二小时。
(3)感官动词see, hea_r,_fee_l, watch, listen to, look at, notice等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束 (发生的过程),后者表示动作正在发生。试比较:
He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)。21·世纪*教育网
He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。
6、There be+主语+时间/地点状语
There be 结_??????è????¨???è?¨_达“某地(某时)有某人(某物)”。它的结构为“There be +某物或某人+某地或某时”。在there be句型中,there是引导词,没有词义,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出;be是谓语动词;“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地或某时”作句子的状语,多是介词短语。
There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里有一些花。
★“There be”句型的主谓一致
1. there be 结构中_???è°?è????¨è??b_e在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:
There is a flo_wer_in_ the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。// There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些书。
2. 若句子中有几个并列的_???è????????be_的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时, be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。如:
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一枝钢笔。
There is a boy,__a_gir_l and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。
另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语置于句首。如:
In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
Under the tree there are two boys and a girl. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
★There be句型与have的区别与联系:
1. 区别点:th_ere_be_ 意为存在,强调“某处存在某物或某人”,不表示所属关系;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,表示所有、拥有关系;there be强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:
There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2. 相同点:在表示结构上的“含有”、“包括”、“存在”的含义时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如:
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There are _many_l_ong rivers in China.=China has many long rivers. 中国有许多长河。
★There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
1. 否定句:
there be的否定式通常在b_e??????not_或no构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n..。如:
There are s_ome_pi_ctures on the wall. →There aren’t any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike _behind_ the tree. →There isn’t a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
2. 一般疑问句及其答语:
把be提到there前,首字母大_??????????????¨é??_号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is/are;否定答语为No, there isn’t/aren’t。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面的句子是如何“改头换面”的。如:
There is some water on Mars. →Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
---- Is there _a_flow_er in the bottle? ---- Yes, there is. // No, there isn’t.
---- Are there t_wo_cat_s in the tree? ---- Yes, there are. // No, there aren’t.
3. 特殊疑问句及其回答:
①提问there be句型的主_è??(?????????è??_前的修饰语),当主语是人时,用“Who’s+介词短语?”;当主语是物时,用“What’s +介词短语?”。
【注意】无论主语是单数还是复数都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
There are some birds in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
There are many things over there. →What’s over there?
②提问there be句型后面的地点状语时,用“where is/are+主语?”如:
There is a car in the street. →Where is the car?
There is a computer on the desk. →Where is the computer? 21教育网
There a_re_fou_r children on the playground. →Where are the four children? 2-1-c-n-j-y
③提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时, 一般有两种句型结构:
▲How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?如:
There are five b_ananas_ in the box? →How many bananas are there in the box?
▲How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?如:
There is som_e_milk_ in the bottle. →How much milk is there in the bottle(瓶)?
4. There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there? 杯子里有桔汁,是吗?
There are no letters in the mailbox, are there? 邮筒里没有信件,是吗?
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there? 附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
★There be 句型的时态:
1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。
There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。
There were fabul_ous_wi_ldflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There have been _severa_l private schools in our area this year. 今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
Module 6 英语句子成分及简单句的基本句型巩固练习
一、请判断下列句子的结构类型。
A. 主语+联系动词+表语(+状语)
B. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+时间/地点状语)?
C. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+时间/地点状语)
D. 主语+谓语+双宾语(+时间/地点状语)
E. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+时间/地点状语)
F. There be+主语(+时间/地点状语)
( ) 1. There will be a sports meeting tomorrow in our school.21世纪教育网版权所有
( ) 2. Students often help the old buy vegetables on Sunday.【版权所有:21教育】
( ) 3. She looks younger than before.
( ) 4. Jim caught a bad cold yesterday afternoon.
( ) 5. My aunt gave me a watch as a present.
( ) 6. Mark left without saying a word.
( ) 7. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
( ) 8. My father bought me a beautiful present.
( ) 9. They are running on the playground.
( ) 10. Guilin is a beautiful city.
( ) 11. There are lots of apples on the apple tree.2·1·c·n·j·y
( ) 12. My uncle often reads book.
二、句子翻译。
1. 姚明很高。
2. 这道菜尝起来美味。
3. 张军学习很努力。
4. 这本书出版于2013年。
5. 汤姆每天放学后和他的朋友打篮球。
6. 我每天早上大声地读英语。
7. 昨天我爸爸为我买了许多新书。
8. 我的笔友上周六寄了一张明信片给我。
9. 我父母想让我待在家里。
10. 皮特总是能让我们大笑。
11. 公园里有两个小湖。
12. 墙上有一副中国地图。
三、句型变变变。按括号里的要求改写句子,每空一词。
1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. (同义句转换)
Mr Johnson taught last year.
2. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. (同义句转换)
Mary handed .
3. Would you please pass me the dictionary? (同义句转换)
Would you please pass ?
4. My father has bought me a new bike. (同义句转换)
My father has bought .
5. Robinson Crusoe made a boat for himself. (同义句转换)
Robinson Crusoe made .
Module 6 英语句子成分及简单句的基本句型巩固练习(答案)
一、请判断下列句子的结构类型。
1—5 FEACD 6—10 BEDBA 1—12 FC
二、句子翻译。
1. Yao Ming is _very_t_all. 2. The/This dish tastes delicious. 3. Zhang Jun studies/works very hard. 4. This book came out in 2013. 5. Tom plays basketball with his friends after school every day. 6. I read English loudly every morning. 7. My father bought many new books for me yesterday. 8. My pen friend sent me a postcard last Saturday. 9. My parents wanted me to stay at home. 10. Peter always makes us laugh. 11. There are two small lakes in the park. 12. There is a map of China on the wall.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
三、句型变变变。按括号里的要求改写句子,每空一词。
1. German _to_us__ 2. the schoolmaster the wallet 3. the dictionary to me 4. a new bike for me 5. himself a boat
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