自招英语教师辅导教案
学员编号：
年
级：
初三
课
时
数：3
学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
课程主题：
初三自招冲刺讲义（非谓语+完型填空+试卷训练3）
授课时间：
学习目标
教学内容
1.
______（surround）by
a
lot
of
newsmen,
the
newly-elected
mayor
of
the
city
felt
he
had
to
say
something.
（13浦东二模）
2.______（become）a
successful
investor,
a
fresh
businessman
should
conduct
himself
in
an
appropriate
businesslike
manner.
（13浦东二模）
3.
_____（complete）
the
project
as
planned,
we’ll
have
to
work
two
more
hours
a
day.（13普陀二模）
4.
Many
children
have
formed
the
habit
of
reading
but
_____（
not
take）
efficient
notes
meanwhile.（13普陀二模）
5.
Michael
put
up
a
picture
of
Jeremy
Lin
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
_____
（remind）of
his
own
dreams.（13普陀二模）
6.
The
reason
why
we
set
up
“a
green
responsibility
card”
is
to
give
a
feeling
of
accomplishment
to
people
_____（involve）.
KEY:
Surrounded
To
become
To
complete
not
taking
reminded
involved
非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to
do
to
be
doing
t
hav
doneto
be
done
to
have
been
done在非谓语前加notfor
sb.
to
do
sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定、表、补和状语分词现在分词doing
having
donebeing
done
having
been
done具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doing
having
donebeing
done
having
been
donesb’
doing具有名词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定和表语
（一）非谓语基础知识点
一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：
1.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：
情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,
want,
offer,
long,
fail,
expect,
wish,
ask,
decide,
pretend,
manage,
agree,
afford,
determine,
promise,
happen,
demand,
refuse,
learn,
choose只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,
miss,
enjoy,
imagine,
practise,
suggest,
finish,
escape,
excuse,
appreciate,
admit,
deny，
prevent,
keep,
avoid,
risk,
resist,
consider（考虑）can’t
help,
feel
like,
succeed
in,
be
fond
of,
object
to,
get
down
to,
be
engaged
in,
insist
on,
think
of,
be
proud
of,
take
pride
in,
set
about,
be
afraid
of,
be
tired
of,
look
forward
to,
devote
oneself
to,
be
worth,
be
busy,
pay
attention
to,
stick
to两者都可以意义基本相同begin,
start,
like,
love,
hate,
prefer,
continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词
多指一般或习惯行为）need,
want,
require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop
to
do
停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop
doing
停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret
to
do（指动作尚未发生）
remember/forget/regret
doing（指动作已经发生）go
on
to
do（接着做另外一件事）
go
on
doing（接着做同一件事）try
to
do（设法，努力去做，尽力）
try
doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean
to
do（打算做，企图做）
mean
doing
（意识是，意味着）can’t
help
to
do（不能帮忙做）
can’t
help
doing（忍不住要做）
2.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：
常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,
beg,
expect,
get,
order,
tell,
want,
wish,
encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成We
should
encourage
students
to
find
the
mistakes
by
themselves.
I
heard
him
call
me
several
times.have,
notice,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
let,
make现在分词
notice,
see,
watch,
hear,
find,
keep,
have,
feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I
found
her
listening
to
the
radio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We
found
the
village
greatly
changed.
3.非谓语动词做定语的区别：
区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
type.
I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
be
typed.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall
we
go
to
the
swimming
pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the
boiling
water
/
the
boiled
water
the
developing
country/the
developed
country
the
falling
leaves
/
the
fallen
leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成
4.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：
区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My
dream
is
to
become
a
teacher.
To
obey
the
law
is
important.
(dream,
business,
wish,
idea,
plan,
duty,
task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It
is
no
use
saying
that
again
and
again.
Teaching
is
my
job.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,
quite,
rather等副词修饰。
现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。The
situation
is
encouraging.
The
book
is
well
written.
(常见分词有astonishing,
moving,
tiring,
disappointing,
puzzling,
shocking,
boring,
amusing及其-ed形式)
5.非谓语动词做状语的区别:
区别举例不定式VS
分词1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never
too…to,
too…not
to
,
but/only
too…
to,
too
ready/eager/apt/inclined
to
表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find,
hear,
see,
be
told,
form,
give,
make,
produce
等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。They
stood
by
the
roadside
talking
about
the
plan．
(伴随)
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan．
(目的)
Reading
attentively，he
forgot
the
time
for
lunch．
(原因)
Reading
carefully，he
found
something
he
had
not
known
before．
(时间)
Reading
carefully，you'll
learn
something
new．
(条件)
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him．
(结果)
The
boy
is
not
tall
enough
to
reach
the
book
shelf．
(结果)
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news．
(原因)动名词不作状语现在分词VS过去分词现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
He
went
out，shutting
the
door
behind
him.
Not
knowing
what
to
do,
he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
Faced
with
difficulties,
we
must
try
to
overcome
them.
非谓语动词考点小结
二、
动名词常考必记要点归纳
1.
以下动词和动词短语后只能接动名词：
常用动词：finish,
mind,
suggest,
keep,
enjoy,
practice,
consider,
excuse,
miss,
escape,
resist,
allow,
permit,
imagine,
risk,
delay,
forbid,
appreciate,
understand
动词短语：give
up,
insist
on,
look
forward
to,
it
is
(no
)good
(use,
harm),
object
to（反对），get
down
to,
devote
oneself
to,
spend…doing,
prevent…(from)…,
waste…doing,
have
(no)
difficulty
(in)
doing,
stick
to
,keep…from,stop…from
2.
接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构：
stop
to
do/stop
doing
停下来做……/
停止做…….
remember
to
do/remember
doing
记住要去做……/
记得曾做过……
forget
to
do/forget
doing
忘记去做……/
忘记曾做过……
try
to
do/try
doing
努力（尽力）做……/
试着做……
regret
to
do/regret
doing
遗憾地去做……/
后悔做过……
mean
to
do/mean
doing
打算做……/
意味着做……
want
to
do/want
doing
想做……/
需要被做……
go
on
to
do/go
on
doing
接着做另一件事/
接着做未做完的同一事
like
to
do/like
doing
喜欢做……（非经常性）/
喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）.
feel
like
doing/would
like
to
do
想做……/（要做……）
set
about
doing/set
out
to
do
开始做……
prefer
doing/prefer
to
do
喜欢做……
prefer
+
doing
to
+
doing
would
rather
+
do
than
+
do
宁愿……而不愿
prefer
to
+
do
rather
than
+
do
used
to
+
do
过去经常做……
be
used
to
+
do
被用来做……
be/get
used
to
doing
养成做……习惯
can’t
help
(to)
+
do
不能帮助做……
can’t
help
doing
止不住地做……
can’t
help
but
+
do
不得不
cannot
choose
but
+do=cannot
but
do
3.
动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构），否定结构是not
+动名词；
复合结构是：代词宾格（形容词性物主代词）
+
动名词
名词（名词所有格）
注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间的结构。作宾语两者均可。
例：1)
They
felt
sorry
for
not
arriving
in
time.
（没能及时到达，他们感到很抱歉。）
2)
Do
you
mind
my
/me
opening
the
window?
（我打开窗你介意吗？）
Our
going
there
is
allowed.
（我们获准去那里。）【注意在句首不能用us】
4.
动名词的时态和语态
主动
被动用法
一般式doing
being
done发生在谓语后等完成式
having
donehaving
been
done发生在谓语前
动词need、want、require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义（=
to
be
+
过去分词）。例：The
baby
wants
washing.
(=
to
be
washed)
6.
在worth后用动名词主动形式，在worthy后用动名词被动形式。
例：The
film
is
worth
seeing.
=The
film
is
worthy
of
being
seen.
=The
film
is
worthy
to
be
seen.
to后接动词时，to是不定式符号，应该接原形动词，to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要判断清楚。在“get
down
to开始做……；look
forward
to…盼望……；stick
to…坚持做……；lead
to…导致……；devote
oneself
to…献身于……；to
be
devoted
to
…献身于……；pay
attention
to
…注意……；object
to
反对做……
”中，to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词。
8.
介词后一般接动名词。in
doing
…在做……过程中；on
doing
…一……就……；before
doing
…在做……之前；after
doing
…在做……之后；without
doing
没做……
不定式常考必记要点归纳
下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree,
seem,
appear,
offer,
happen,
wish,
hope,
pay,
expect,
long,
plan,
intend,
promise,
pretend,
decide,
afford,
manage,
choose,
be
said
to,
would
like
to等。
不定式常用的句型：too…to
do
（太……而不能）,
…enough
to
do…（够……就能……）,
so
as
to
do/in
order
to
do（为了……），
so…as
to
do/such…as
to
do（如此……结果……）。在这些常用句型中，注意so
as
to
/in
order
to，前一个不能用于句首，而in
order
to既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。so…as
to与such…as
to的区别是：so后一般接形容词或副词、可数名词单数（so
+
adj.+
a/
an
+
n.）。“such”后一般接可数名词复数、不可数名词和可数名词单数形式（such
+
a/an
+
adj.
+
n.）。
不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not
(never)
to
do”；疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how
(what,
which,
who,
whether…)
to
do”；复合结构是“for/
of
+名词（或代词宾格）+
to
do
”。
4.
不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语态形式（可记忆为三时两语）
主
动 式
被
动 式
一般时to
do
to
be
done
进行时to
be
doing
无完成时to
have
done
to
have
been
done
let/make/have/see/hear/notice/observe/listen
to/look
at/watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to,
若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。动词help后面作宾补的不定式可省略to，也可加to。例：I
saw
him
go
upstairs.
被动形式是:
He
was
seen
to
go
upstairs.
6.当前面是the
first,
the
second,
the
last,
need,
plan,
time,
chance,
right,
determination,
ability,
opportunity（机会），way时，一般用不定式作定语。例如：
A)
It
is
time
to
get
up.
（该起床了。）
B)
He
didn't
have
a
chance
to
go
to
school
before
liberation.（解放前，他没有机会去上学。）
but/except
+
to
do/
do
结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does,
did时，but后用动词原形；谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to
+
动词原形”的形式。
8.
不定式的逻辑主语要与主语保持一致
To
study
a
foreign
language,
practice
is
needed.
这个句子逻辑主语不一致，应改为：To
study
a
foreign
language,
one
needs
practice.
学习外语需要操练。
9.
形容词后一般用不定式（除busy,
worth
两个外）例如：
A)
You
are
sure
to
succeed.
（你一定能成功。）
B)
I’m
sorry
to
have
given
you
a
lot
of
trouble.（对不起，给你带来那么多麻烦。）
C)
He
is
busy
preparing
his
lessons
at
present.
（他现在正忙于预习功课。）
10.
不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
A)
This
is
a
bench
to
sit
on.（这是用来坐的凳子。）
B)
This
room
is
comfortable
to
live
in.
（这个房间住起来很舒适。）
11.
在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。例：
The
question
is
easy
to
answer.
（question是answer的宾语，不能说：The
question
is
easy
to
be
answered.
也不能说：The
question
is
easy
to
answer
it
.）
12.
不定式的动词与前面的动词一致时，可以省掉该动词，但to
不能省掉；其后如是be
或have等词时，一般不能省。
分词常考必记要点归纳
1.
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别。它们的用法主要是根据动词是及物还是不及物来确定，不及物动词根据动作完成的程度，及物动词根据语态来确定。列表如下：
(
分
词
动
词
)现在分词
过去分词
vi.表示
动作进行
表示
动作完成
vt.表示
主动
表示
被动
2.
分词的两个结构
否定结构：not
+
分词
例如：Not
having
known
his
address,
I
didn’t
write
to
him.
复合结构（独立主格结构）有两种形式：
（1）名词（代词主格）+分词（只作状语）
（2）with+名词（代词宾格）+分词（作状语或定语）
例：1)
The
day’s
work
done,
they
went
home.
他们做完一天的工作就回家了。
He
sat
there
with
his
feet
pointing
to
others.
他坐在那儿把脚指向别人。
3.
现在分词的时态和语态形式，以动词do为例列表如下：
(
语
态
时
态
)主动
被动
用法
一般式doing
being
done（正在被）同时/
后发生完成式Having
donehaving
been
done
（已被）先发生
注：①现在分词完成时态的被动结构有时等于一个过去分词（即having
been
done
=
done）。
②现在分词的完成时态不能作表语、定语和宾补，只放在状语的位置上。
③现在分词一般时态的被动结构（being
+
v.-ed）表示“正在被”之意，而在动名词中只表示被动。
“使……怎么样”之类的动词（amuse,
astonish,
excite,
frighten,
interest,
move,
relax,
satisfy,
shock,
surprise,
encourage,
disappoint,
puzzle,
tire,
please,
inspire,
terrify,
worry），它们的ing形式表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下“人”用过去分词，“物”用ing形式。
5.
分词和不定式都作状语，其区别是分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式和说明，而不定式表示目的和结果，关键是体会句意之间关系。
例
1.Their
grandfather
lived
the
liberation
of
China.(to
see/
seeing)
_
in
Beijing,
I
visited
many
historic
spots.
(To
stay/
Staying)
6.
独立主格结构放在句首不能误当成并列句，分词作状语放在句末不能误当成并列谓语。
There
being
no
buses,
we
had
to
walk
home.
The
students
worked
in
the
fields,
_____.
(laughed
and
talked,
/laughing
and
talking).
为了使概念更明确，在分词前可以用when,
while,
if,
once,
unless,
as
if,
than,
as这些连词。例
I
will
go
if
invited
(=
if
I
am
invited).
8.
常用几个动词的结构及意义
Want+doing（表示被动）/want
sth
to
be
done（表示被动）
want
sb
to
do
（表示主动）
Make
sth
done（表示被动）/make
sb.
do（表示主动）
Have
sth+to
do（有……可做）
+sb+do
（叫某人做…）
+sth+
done（叫别人做…）
+sb+doing（让……一直做……）
Get
sb
to
do（叫……马上做……）
sth
done叫（别人）做……=
have
sth
done
sb
to
do（叫某人做……）/
doing
Catch
+宾语+doing
（看见某人在做……）
seat/
dress这两个动词后如有宾语用现在分词，反之用过去分词。include/
consider这两个动词如果放在名词之前用现在分词，名词之后用过去分词。missing/remaining作“丢失的”和“剩下的”讲，只有现在分词形式；left作“剩下的”讲只能放名词后或代词后。例如：We
went
there,
including
our
boss.
/
We
went
there,
our
boss
included.
10.
一些只用现在分词形式的固定结构：
generally/
seriously
speaking,
judging
from
(by)…
但
to
tell
the
truth,
to
be
sure,
to
be
exact
要用不定式。
spoken
English
是“英语口语”，而English-speaking是“讲英语的……”后面一般接名词，它是个形容词。
12.
open作形容词用是“开着的”，而“关着的”是closed。
形容词close
是指“距离”，不是“关着的”意思。
He
used
to
sleep
with
all
the
windows
open.
比较：He
used
to
sleep
with
all
the
windows
closed.
13.
几组易错的现在分词、过去分词
lie
vi.
lay
lain
lying
躺
lie
v.
lied
lied
lying
撒谎
lay
vi.
laid
laid
laying
放；下蛋
found
vt.
founded
founded
成立
find
vt.
found
found
发现
Wind
wound
wound
盘旋
蜿蜒
Wound
wounded
wounded
受伤
rise
vi
rose
risen
上升
raise
vt.
raised
raised
上升
fall
vi.
fell
fallen
落下
feel
vt.
felt
felt
摸；感觉
hang
vi
hung
hung
悬挂
hang
vt.
hanged
hanged
绞死
light
vt.
lit
（一般作谓语）
light
lighted
（作定语）
燃着的
burn
vt.
/vi
burnt
烧焦的，
burning
正在燃烧的
（二）完型填空
完形填空这种题型，目的在于测试学生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的能力，进而考查学生的语言能力：作为选拔性考试，它具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。重点在于综合考查考兰主的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力。
题型特点：
1．选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文。它选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等；热点话题继续关注。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240-320之间。
2．所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设奎，目的是让学生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体。胜的把握，建立正确的思维导：向。正文中通常挖去20个词（组），通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个Ff勺情况。挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。
解题方法：
1．耐心精读开头首句，并圈划一些带着感。『青色彩的形容词或副词，理解语段的基调，比如：popular,
warm-hearted,
poor,
homeless;
2．结合自己的语感，语感可以分为句感和词感。句感是通过梳理分析句子本身的不同成分以及成分之间的关系来慢慢提高；词感是通过寻找并揣摩文章中各个句子之间相同词性的单词之间的联系来慢慢提高；
3．识别短语搭配，运用语法理顺上下文关系；
4．通读三遍，细心检查，避免疏漏。
（例题一）
My
previous
home
had
a
stand
of
woods
behind
it
and
many
animals
in
the
backyard.
That
first
year,
I
1
feeding
peanuts
to
the
blue
jays,
then
the
squirrels.
The
squirrels
had
no
2
coming
up
right
to
me
for
them.
As
the
months
went
by,
the
rabbits
saw
that
I
was
no
3
and
didn’t
escape.
When
I
threw
carrot
slices
(薄片)
,
they
even
came
for
a
nibble
(啃).
Slowly
they
came
to
4
me,
and
by
the
end
of
the
year
they
were
eating
out
of
my
hand.
That
second
year,
the
rabbits
5
me,
and
one
would
even
sit
up
for
slices!
While
I
was
feeding
them,
I
6
that
a
groundhog
who
used
to
run
away
was
now
taking
an
7
interest
in
this
food
situation.
I
carefully
extended
a
long
8
,
with
a
keen
eye
on
those
teeth,
and
9
,
there
were
times
I
would
have
the
groundhog
sitting
next
to
a
rabbit,
both
munching
(津津有味地咀嚼)
on
carrots.
A
few
months
later,
while
10
,
she
would
even
turn
her
back
to
me.
11
when
she
was
facing
away,
I
reached
out
and
12
scratched
(搔)
her
back
with
my
finger.
She
didn't
move.
By
year
three,
the
rabbits
and
the
groundhog
were
back.
The
groundhog
13
didn't
have
a
problem
with
me
scratching
her
back,
and
I
got
an
idea.
I'd
always
14
,
while
slicing
up
carrots,
that
the
end
looked
like
a
cap.
15
one
day,
just
to
see
what
she
would
do,
I
gently
16
one
on
top
of
the
groundhog's
head.
Again,
not
a
17
.
The
next
time,
I
had
my
camera
ready
to
record
what
you
see
here,
one
of
several
dozen
such
pictures.
18
she
had
a
slice
to
eat,
she
never
19
the
one
on
her
head.
It
was
a
fair
20
-
I
got
a
pleasure,
and
she
had
yet
another
tasty
treat.
(
)
1.
A.
avoided
B.
started
C.
canceled
D.
suggested
(
)
2.
A.
business
B.
fun
C.
problem
D.
privilege
(
)
3.
A.
help
B.
cheat
C.
threat
D.
exception
(
)
4.
A.
trust
B.
miss
C.
admire
D.
appreciate
(
)
5.
A.
feared
B.
ignored
C.
discovered
D.
remembered
(
)
6.
A.
proved
B.
decided
C.
noticed
D.
understood
(
)
7.
A.
extreme
B.
increasing
C.
additional
D.
inspiring
(
)
8.
A.
squirrel
B.
rabbit
C.
peanut
D.
carrot
(
)
9.
A.
before
long
B.
long
ago
C.
over
and
over
D.
all
over
again
(
)
10.
A.
eating
B.
playing
C.
sitting
D.
sleeping
(
)
11.
A.
Next
B.
Once
C.
Soon
D.
Lately
(
)
12.
A.
carefully
B.
suddenly
C.
violently
D.
patiently
(
)
13.
A.
also
B.
thus
C.
just
D.
still
(
)
14.
A.
thought
B.
doubted
C.
admitted
D.
recognized
(
)
15.
A.
While
B.
Or
C.
So
D.
For
(
)
16.
A.
fixed
B.
placed
C.
hung
D.
kept
(
)
17.
A.
tremble
B.
move
C.
delay
D.
hesitation
(
)
18.
A.
Even
if
B.
Even
since
C.
As
far
as
D.
As
long
as
(
)
19.
A.
welcomed
B.
required
C.
bothered
D.
expected
(
)
20.
A.
trade
B.
competition
C.
task
D.
affair
【分析】
NO.1(B)我之前的家后面有一片小树林，后院里有彳艮多动物。在那的第一年，我开始给蓝色松鸦喂食。A是避免，C是取消，D是建议，暗示。ACD都不符合语境。
NO.2(C)松鼠并不害怕我，所以对于靠近我这件事完全没问题。很放心地接近我。
NO.3(C)随着时间的推移，小兔子们发现我对它们构不成威胁，它们不会逃跑。A是帮助，B是欺骗，D是例外。
NO.4
(A)根据后半句的意思，可知兔子们慢慢地开始信任我。B是想念，C是敬佩，赞美，D是感激，欣赏。
NO.5
(D)第二年，小兔子们已经记得我了，有一只兔子甚至端坐着等我给它喂胡萝卜片。
A意为害怕，B意为忽视，C意为发现。
NO.6(
C)当我喂兔子的时候，我注意到一只土拔鼠。
NO.7(
B)以前都跑得远远的，现在对这种喂食场面的兴趣逐渐浓厚。A意为极度，C意为额外的，D意为鼓舞人心的。
NO.8(
D)从后文兔子和土拔鼠都津津有味地吃胡萝卜可知，我小心地递过去的是一根长胡萝卜。
NO.9(A)不久之后，就出现了土拨鼠和小兔子坐在一起啃胡萝卜的场景了。
NO.10
(A)几个月之后，它甚至会在吃东西时背对着我。
NO.11(B)有一次当它别过脸不看我，我小心翼翼地用手指搔一下它的背。
NO.12(A)见上题解析。
NO.
13(D)到第三年，小兔子和土拔鼠都回来了。土拨鼠对于我搔它的背仍然没有问题。
also很多同学易错。also的用法是：A做了，B
also做了，这里是第三年，土拨鼠依然没有对我这个行为表示不适应。
NO.14
(A)看到土拨鼠对我的行为习以为常，我有了一个想法。之前在切胡萝卜的时候我常常在想，胡萝卜的头有点像个帽子。
NO.
15(C)之前一直有想法，所以有一天，我想看看它会有什么反应。
NO.
16(B)我轻轻地将胡萝卜头放在土拨鼠的头上。
NO.
17(B)again这个词说明了这个动作不止一次发生。之前发生的，就是土拨鼠一动不动。这道题也算是词义复现了。
NO.
18(
D)之后，我准备好了相机拍了照。只要它在吃东西，它就不会因为头上有个东西顶着而烦躁。As
long
as只要。
NO.
19(C)见上题解析：A意为欢迎，B意为要求，D意为期待，这里有一个never，加上后从意思上看，只有C合适。
NO.
20
(A)这是一场公平的交易，我获得了快乐，它获得了美味的一餐。
【例题精讲】
例1.【★★★】
Finding
her
car
stolen,
____
A.
a
policeman
was
asked
to
help
B.
the
area
was
searched
thoroughly
C.
it
was
looked
for
everywhere
D.
she
hurried
to
a
policeman
for
help
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考的是现在分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题。因为finding这一动作必定是“she”所做，所以就选D。
【答案】D
例2.【★★★】
The
bell
____
the
end
of
the
period
rang,
____
our
heated
discussion.
A.
indicating;
interrupting
B.
indicated;
interrupting
C.
indicating;
interrupted
D.
indicated;
interrupted
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】如果在句子中注意到rang这个动词，就不难理解本句的主要成分是：The
bell
rang。因为句子里没有任何连词，所以句子中的两个空格应该都是非谓语动词。第一格是用分词短语做定语修饰the
bell，因为the
bell与indicate是主谓关系，所以我们要选用现在分词。第二格是分词短语做状语，而the
bell与interrupt也是主谓关系，所以也要用现在分词。
【答案】A
例3.【★★★】
Though
____
money,
his
parents
managed
to
send
him
to
university.
A.
lacked
B.
lacking
of
C.
lacking
D.
lacked
in
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本句考分词作状语的用法。当分词与逻辑主语的关系是主谓关系时，用通常用现在分词；而当分词与逻辑主语的关系是动宾关系时，一般要用过去分词。本句中“他的父母”是“缺钱”的主语，所以只能在B与C两项中作选择。而动词lack可以及物，也可以不及物，不及物的时候一般后面跟介词in。只有在lack当名词的时候，后面用介词of。所以本题选C。
【答案】C
例4.【★★★】
Don’t
use
words,
expressions,
or
phrases
____
only
to
people
with
specific
knowledge.
A.
being
known
B.
having
been
known
C.
to
be
known
D.
known
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本句考非谓语动词作定语。四个选项中，having
been
known这一分词的完成被动形式一般不用于作定语。如果用being
known，意思是“正在被（某人）所知”；to
be
known的意思是“将被（某人）知道”；known的意思是“（已）为（某人）所知”，根据题意，只有known符合逻辑。
【答案】D
例5.【★★】
It
is
believed
that
if
a
book
is
____,
it
will
surely
____
the
reader.
A.
interested;
interest
B.
interesting;
be
interested
C.
interested;
be
interesting
D.
interesting;
interest
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】第一格用interesting（有趣的）是大家都理解的；在第二格要用interest，是因为在此处interest是谓语动词，意思为“使（某人）感兴趣”。
【答案】D
例6.★★★】
Generally
speaking,
____
according
to
the
directions,
the
drug
has
no
side
effect.
A.
when
taking
B.
when
taken
C.
when
to
take
D.
when
to
be
taken
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考分词作状语。因为分词作状语是，到底用现在分词还是过去分词，看它跟逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系，是主动就用现在分词，是被动就用过去分词。本题中分词的逻辑主语是drug（药）与take（吃）显然是被动关系，所以用B。
【答案】B
例7.【★★】
According
to
a
recent
US
survey,
children
spend
up
to
25
hours
a
week
____
TV.
A.
to
watch
B.
to
watching
C.
watching
D.
watch
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考-ing分词。因为动词spend的固定搭配是spend
some
time
(in)
doing
sth.，所以本句选C。
【答案】C
例8【★★】
The
flowers
____
sweet
in
the
botanic
garden
attract
the
visitors
to
the
beauty
of
nature.
A.
to
smell
B.
smelling
C.
smelt
D.
to
be
smelt
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考非谓语动词作定语的用法。因为动词空格后面跟的是形容词sweet，说明它前面的那个动词应该是一个联系动词，而联系动词是没有被动的用法的，所以可以排除C、D两项。如果用不定式作定语，表示的是一个将要发生的动作，在此句中意思说不通，所以选B。
【答案】B
例9.【★★★】
The
disc,
digitally
____
in
the
studio,
sounded
fantastic
at
the
party
that
night.
A.
recorded
B.
recording
C.
to
be
recorded
D.
having
recorded
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本句也是考非谓语动词作定语的用法。因为所修饰的词the
disc与动词record的关系是被动，而且是“已经被录制下来”的意思，所以只能选A。如果选用C，虽然也是被动，但意思是“将要被录制下来”，在本句中不适合。
【答案】A
例10.【★★★】
Having
been
attacked
by
terrorists,
____.
A.
doctors
came
to
their
rescue
B.
the
tall
building
collapsed
C.
an
emergency
measure
was
taken
D.
warnings
were
given
to
tourists
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题。我们都知道，分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，根据这一语法规则，就可以根据上下文来判断，到底是谁或什么“受到恐怖分子的攻击”，所以选B。全句的意思是“受到恐怖分子的攻击之后，高楼倒塌了。”
【答案】B
例11.【★★★】
____
into
use
in
April
2000,
the
hotline
was
meant
for
residents
reporting
water
and
heating
supply
breakdowns.
A.
Put
B.
Putting
C.
Having
put
D.
Being
put
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考分词作状语。因为the
hotline是分词的逻辑主语，所以我们可以判断出hotline与put
into
use是被动关系。四个选项中，A、D两项是被动，但being
done一般不作状语，且这一形式的意思是“正在被......”与in
April
2000有矛盾。所以正确选项是A。
【答案】A
例12.【★★★】
More
and
more
people
are
signing
up
for
Yoga
classes
nowadays,
____
advantage
of
the
health
and
relaxation
benefits.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
having
taken
D.
having
been
taken
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考分词作作状语，因为分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。本句中people与take
advantage
of
...是主动关系，而且不是这一动作完成之后，人们才去加入瑜珈班的，所以选用taking。
【答案】A
例13【★★】
Russ
and
Earl
were
auto
mechanics
____
the
same
pay,
but
Earl
had
more
ambition.
A.
to
earn
B.
to
have
earned
C.
earning
D.
earned
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本句中的分词earning是作为伴随情况的状语，它的逻辑主语是Russ和Earl，跟主语的关系是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。
【答案】C
例14【★★★】
____
automatically,
the
e-mail
will
be
received
by
all
the
club
members.
A.
Mailed
out
B.
Mailing
out
C.
To
be
mailed
out
D.
Having
mailed
out
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】“mail
out”与“e-mail”是动宾关系。A与C两项都是表被动意义的，但c项是不定式，带有将来意义，所以在此不合适。
【答案】A
例15.（）【★★】
After
a
knock
at
the
door,
the
child
heard
his
mother’s
voice
____
him.
A.
calling
B.
called
C.
being
called
D.
to
call
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本句考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。因为谓语动词hear后，只跟没有to的不定式，所以D项排除。选calling是因为宾补与宾语是主谓关系，不是动宾关系。
【答案】A
例16.★★★】
The
Town
Hall
____
in
the
1800’s
was
the
most
distinguished
building
at
that
time.
A.
to
be
completed
B.
having
been
completed
C.
completed
D.
being
completed
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】本题考非谓语动词作定语。虽然四个选项都有被动的意思，但分别有不同的侧重点。to
be
completed是不定式，带有将来意义，所以这里显然不能用；having
been
completed表示的是在谓语动词之前完成的一个被动的动作，强调两个动作一个接着一个发生，这一形式主要是用作状语，所以B项也不妥；D项being
completed的意思是“正在建造的”，也不合题义。而在句子里，“1800年代建成”是用作定语修饰the
Town
Hall，过去分词completed侧重的是一个建好的状态，所以是正确选项。
【答案】C
例17.【★★★】
In
2010,
it
was
estimated
that
about
400
village
shops
closed,
_____(urge)the
local
government
to
give
financial
support
to
struggling
shops
or
set-up
new
community
stores.
【考点】分词的考点
【解析】用现在分词表示因为关系，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
【答案】urging
考点要求：1.
非谓语动词的时态与语态；
2.
非谓语动词的否定式；
3.
不定式符号的省略及疑问结构；
4.
动词不定式的各种形式及应用；
5.
-ing结构的各种形式及应用；
6.
-ed结构在句中的不同用法；
7.非谓语动词作宾语、定语、表语等的辨析；
8.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。
冲刺四校自招5套精析版模拟卷（5）
一、单选：
1.
_____________,he
wrote
a
novel
which
is
set
in
Shanghai_______________.
In
his
thirty;
in
1930
In
his
thirties;
in
1930s
In
his
thirties;
in
the
1930s
In
his
thirtieth;
in
the
1930’s
2.
We
need
_____
ten
days
and
five_______helpers
to
finish
the
task
on
time.
A.
other;
more
B.another;
more
C.
more;
other
D.more;another
3.
____________the
fish
in
this
river
has__________dramatically
due
to
the
serious
pollution.
A.The
number
of;
decreased
B.
A
number
of;
decreased
C.
The
number
of;increased
D.
An
amount
of;
increasd
4.
Must
I
go
to
the
medical
school
and
be
a
doctor
like
you,
Dad?
No,you________,son.
You’re
free
to
make
your
own
decision.
A.can’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
5.
_____
to
take
part
in
this
adventure
activity
will
certainly
learn
a
lot
of
useful
skills.
A.Brave
enough
students
B.
Enough
brave
students
C.Students
brave
enough
D.
Students
enough
brave
6．_________
he
stayed
in
Germany
for
half
a
year
and
he
will
go
to
Germany
_________again.
A.
Before
long;
before
long
B.
Long
before;
long
before
C.
Before
long;
long
before
D.
Long
before;
before
long
7．Now
he
has
_________money,
and
can
do
anything
he
wants
to.
A.
a
great
number
of
B．a
great
many
of
C．a
large
amount
of
D．a
good
plenty
of
8．She
has
been
working
hard
day
and
night,
which
of
course,
_______
her
pale
face.
A.
accounts
for
B.
stands
for
C.
goes
for
D.
answer
for
9．
To
our
______
,
Frank’s
illness
proved
not
to
be
as
serious
as
we
had
feared.
A.
anxiety
B.
relief
C.
view
D.
judgement
10．Although
he
is
a
teenager,
Fred
can
resist
______
what
to
do
and
what
not
to
do.
A.
telling
B.
being
told
C.
to
tell
D.
to
be
told
【答案】CBADC
DCABB
【解析】
1.
试题分析：In
one’s
thirties在某人三十多岁时；in
the
1930s在20世纪30年代
2.
试题分析：another+数量词+可数名词复数=数量词+more+可数名词复数
3.
试题分析：The
number
of谓语动词用单数，A
number
of谓语动词用复数，根据句意应为下降decrease
4.
试题分析：needn’t不必，mustn’t
禁止，shouldn’t不应该，can’t
不能，根据句意应为needn’t
5.
试题分析：enough用法规则为“形前名后”，brave
enough作Students的后置定语
6.试题分析：考查词组：Before
long;很久以前，before
long不久后，句意：很久以前他呆在德国半年，他不久就会再次回到德国。选D。
7.试题分析：考查词组辨析：这几个词组都有“大量”的意思：A.
a
great
number
of修饰可数名词复数，B．a
great
many
of修饰可数名词复数，
C．a
large
amount
of修饰不可数名词D．a
good
plenty
of表达错误，应该是plenty
of，这句话修饰的是money，用C。
8.试题分析：考查词组：A.
accounts
for
占据，是…的原因，B.
stands
for代表C.
goes
for努力争取，D.
answer
for为…负责，句意：她日以继夜的工作，这当然可以解释她为什么脸色苍白。选A.
9.试题分析：考查名词：A.
anxiety焦虑B.
relief宽慰，缓解C.
view观点D.
judgement判断，to
one’s
relief使某人宽慰的是，句意：使我们宽慰的是，Frank的病证明没有我们害怕的那么严重。选B。
10.试题分析：考查动名词做宾语：resist
后面接动名词做宾语，Fred和tell是被动关系，用动名词的被动做宾语，句意：虽然他是个年轻人，Fred能抵制别人告诉他该做什么，不该做什么。选B。
二、Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
approachesB.
shapeC.
previouslyD.
evidentE.
secretsF.
dateG.
hardlyH.
remainsI.
irrelevant
J.
potentialK.
particularly
Swedish
Archaeologists
Make
New
Discoveries
Archaeologists
have
begun
exploring
an
unknown
ancient
city
at
a
village
called
Vlochós,
five
hours
north
of
Athens.
The
archaeological
__1__
are
scattered
on
and
around
the
Strongilovoúni
hill
on
the
great
Thessalian
plains
and
can
be
traced
to
several
historical
periods.
“What
used
to
be
considered
remains
of
some
__2__
settlement
can
now
be
upgraded
to
remains
of
a
city
of
higher
significance
than
__3__
thought,”
says
Robin
R?nnlund,
PhD
student
in
Classical
Archaeology
and
Ancient
History
at
the
University
of
Gothenburg
and
leader
of
the
fieldwork.
“We
came
across
the
site
which
has
never
been
explored
before
in
connection
with
another
project
last
year
and
realized
the
great
__4__
right
away.”
Working
together
with
the
Swedish
Institute
at
Athens
and
the
local
archaeological
service
in
Karditsa,
the
Vlochós
Archaeological
Project
(VLAP)
was
started
with
an
aim
to
explore
the
remains.
The
project’s
research
team
completed
the
first
field
season
during
two
weeks
in
September
2016.
R?nnlund
says
that
the
hill
is
hiding
many
__5__.
Remains
of
towers,
walls
and
city
gates
can
be
found
on
the
mountaintop
and
slopes,
but
__6__
anything
is
visible
on
the
ground
below.
The
ambition
is
to
avoid
digging
and
instead
use
__7__
such
as
ground-penetrating
radar.
This
will
enable
the
team
to
leave
the
site
in
the
same
__8__
as
it
was
in
when
they
arrived.
The
success
of
this
method
is
__9__
from
the
results
of
the
first
field
season:
“We
found
a
town
square
and
a
street
network
that
indicate
that
we
are
dealing
with
quite
a
large
city.
The
area
inside
the
city
wall
measures
over
40
hectares.
We
also
found
ancient
pottery
and
coins
that
can
help
to
__10__
the
city.
Our
oldest
finds
are
from
around
500
BC,
but
the
city
seems
to
have
flourished
mainly
from
the
fourth
to
the
third
century
BC
before
it
was
abandoned
for
some
reason,
maybe
in
connection
with
the
Roman
conquest
of
the
area.”
R?nnlund
believes
that
the
Swedish-Greek
project
can
provide
important
clues
as
to
what
happened
during
this
violent
period
in
Greek
history.
参考答案：HICJE
GABDF
解析：
1．H．remains遗迹．前面提到"Archaeologists
have
begun
exploring
an
unknown
ancient
city
at
a
village
called
Vlochos"，所以考古学的遗迹仍然分散在这个村庄．故选H．
2．I．irrelevant不相干的．根据句意，过去被认为是一些不相关的地区，现在由于发现历史遗迹，可以升级为一个更重要的城市．故选I．
3．C．previously以前的．根据句意，和以前的想法相比，现在认为这一地区很重要．故选C．
4．J．potential潜能．根据文章内容可知，偶然发现的这个区域，是在去年从未被探索过的，并将潜在的巨大潜能．故选J．
5．E．secret秘密．根据后面的描述可知，这座山上埋藏了很多秘密．故选E．
6．G．hardly几乎不．根据描述，塔，城墙和城门都可以找到在山顶和山坡，但几乎看不到下面的地面．故选G．
7．A．approach方法．根据句意，他们的目的是避免进行挖掘，而是使用探地雷达等方法来进行探索．故选A．
8．B．shape形状．前面提到，考古学家使用雷达进行探测，而不是进行挖掘．可推测出这样做可以使这片区域保持原来的形状．故选B．
9．D．evident显然．根据文章内容可知，这个方法的成功显然是来自于先前第一阶段努力（用雷达探测而不是挖掘）的结果．故选D．
10．F．date确定年代．根据"We
also
found
ancient
pottery
and
coins"可知，我们还发现了古代陶器和硬币，这些可以帮助我们确定这个城市的年代．
三、Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Why
College
Is
Not
Home
The
college
years
are
supposed
to
be
a
time
for
important
growth
in
autonomy(自主性)
and
the
development
of
adult
identity.
However,
now
they
are
becoming
an
__1__
period
of
adolescence,
during
which
many
of
today’s
students
are
not
shouldered
with
adult
__2__.
In
the
past
two
decades,
continued
connection
with
and
__3__
on
family,
thanks
to
cell
phones,
email
and
social
media,
have
increased
significantly.
Some
parents
go
so
far
as
to
help
with
coursework.
Instead
of
promoting
the
idea
of
college
as
a
passage
from
the
shelter
of
the
family
to
autonomy,
universities
have
__4__
to
the
idea
that
they
should
provide
the
same
environment
as
that
of
the
home.
To
prepare
for
increased
autonomy
and
responsibility,
college
needs
to
be
a
time
of
__5__
and
experimentation.
This
process
involves
“trying
on
”
new
ways
of
thinking
about
oneself
both
intellectually
and
personally.
__6__
we
should
provide
“safe
spaces”
within
colleges,
we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views.
__7__
growth
and
flexibility
are
fostered
by
strict
debate
and
questioning.
Learning
to
deal
with
the
__8__
world
is
equally
important.
Because
a
college
community(群体)
differs
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle
to
find
a
sense
of
__9__.
If
students
rely
on
administrators
to
__10__
their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern,
they
are
not
facing
the
challenge
of
finding
an
identity
within
a
larger
and
complex
community.
__11__,
the
tendency
for
universities
to
monitor
and
__12__
student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults:
the
response
to
being
controlled
by
their
elders.
If
acceptable
social
behavior
is
too
strictly
defined(规定),
the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behavior
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize
may
actually
be
__13__.
It
is
not
surprising
that
young
people
are
likely
to
burst
out,
particularly
when
there
are
reasons
to
do
so.
Our
generation
once
joined
hands
and
stood
firm
at
times
of
national
emergency.
What
is
lacking
today
is
the
__14__
between
adolescents’
desire
for
autonomy
and
their
understanding
of
an
unsafe
world.
Therefore,
there
is
the
desire
for
their
dorms
to
be
replacement
homes
and
not
places
to
experience
growth.
But
Every
college
discussion
about
community
values,
social
climate
and
behavior
should
include
__15__
of
the
developmental
importance
of
student
autonomy
and
self-regulation.
1.A.
expanded
B.
educational
C.
expected
D.
extended
2.A.
responsibilities
B.
abilities
C.
knowledge
D.
experience
3.A.
concentration
B.
dependence
C.
influence
D.
decision
4.A.
given
up
B.
given
away
C.
given
in
D.
given
out
5.A.
instruction
B.
exploration
C.
reflection
D.
preparation
6.A.
When
B.
While
C.
Since
D.
If
7.A.
Intellectual
B.
Spiritual
C.
Logical
D.
Psychological
8.A.
adult
B.
virtual
C.
real
D.
social
9.A.
satisfaction
B.
duty
C.
belonging
D.
curiosity
10.A.
understand
B.
train
C.
protect
D.
regulate
11.A.
Therefore
B.
Moreover
C.
Thus
D.
However
12.A.
change
B.
criticize
C.
shape
D.
motivate
13.A.
encouraged
B.
challenged
C.
agreed
D.
realized
14.A.
difference
B.
tension
C.
balance
D.
conflict
15.A.
observation
B.
recognition
C.
determination
D.
judgment
1-15
DABCB
46-50
BADCD
51-55
BCADB
1．D
动词辨析．本句However，now
they
are
becoming
an（1）period
of
adolescence，during
which
many
of
today's
students
are
not
shouldered
with
adult（2）．
句意是然而现在大学这几年已经成为青春期的拓展时期，在此期间大多数学生都没有成年人的责任感，故选D．
2．A
名词辨析．本句However，now
they
are
becoming
an（1）period
of
adolescence，during
which
many
of
today's
students
are
not
shouldered
with
adult（2）．
句意是然而现在大学这几年已经成为青春期的拓展时期，在此期间大多数学生都没有成年人的责任感，故选A．
3．B
名词辨析．本句In
the
past
two
decades，continued
connections
with
and
（3）on
family，thanks
to
cell
phones，email
and
social
media，have
increased
significantly．句意是在过去的
20年，由于手机，邮件和社交媒体，持续的依靠家庭和家庭联系变得越来越重要，故选B．
4．C
动词辨析．本句．Instead
of
promoting
the
idea
of
college
as
a
passage
from
the
shelter
of
the
family
to
autonomy，universities
have（4）to
the
idea
that
they
should
provide
the
same
environment
as
that
of
the
home．句意是大学没有能培养学生的独立性和自主性，反而像家庭一样给他们提供类似的环境，说明大学也屈服于这种现象，故选C．
5．B
名词辨析．根据下句This
process
involves"trying
on"new
ways
of
thinking
about
oneself
both
intellectually
and
personally．可知这个培养学生自主性和独立性的过程涉及在智力和性格方面尝试新的思考方法，故选B．
6．B
连词辨析．本句6）we
should
provide"safe
spaces"within
colleges，we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views．句意是我们在大学里提供安全的空间的同时还要安全地表达观点并且挑战大多数人的观点，故选B．
7．A
形容词辨析．根据上句6）we
should
provide"safe
spaces"within
colleges，we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views．句意是我们在大学里提供安全的空间的同时还要安全地表达观点并且挑战大多数人的观点，说明智力的提高和灵活性的养成是通过讨论和质疑养成的，故选A．
8．D
名词辨析．根据下文If
students
rely
on
administrations
to（10）their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern，可知如果学生依赖管理部门去规定他们的社会行为和思考模式，说明学生学会处理社交也是非常重要的，故选D．
9．C
名词辨析．根据下句they
are
not
facing
the
challenge
of
finding
an
identity，可知他们没有面对找到自我的挑战，说明许多学生要努力找到归属感，故选C．
10．D
动词辨析．本句If
students
rely
on
administrations
to（10）their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern，句意是如果学生依赖管理部门去规定他们的社会行为和思考模式，故选D．
11．B
副词辨析．根据上文learning
to
deal
with
the
（8）world
is
equally
important．可知学会处理社交是非常重要的，本句the
tendency
for
universities
to
monitor
and（12）student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults可知大学监督和纠正学生的行为的趋势是与年轻人的另外一个特征相违背的，说明这两段是并列关系，故选B．
12．C
动词辨析．the
tendency
for
universities
to
monitor
and（12）student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults可知大学监督和塑造学生的行为的趋势是与年轻人的另外一个特征相违背的，监督的目的就是要培养他们良好的行为，让他们更独立自主，故选C．
13．A
动词辨析．本句the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behavior
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize
many
actually
be（13）．句意是管理部门想减弱的学生的侵略性行为或许会被激励，minimize与encourage是相对立的，故选A．
14．D
名词辨析．根据下句Therefore，there
is
the
desire
for
their
home
to
be
replacement
homes
and
not
places
to
experience
growth．可知这里有种愿望想让他们的家成为代替的家而不是经历成长的地方，说明独立性和依赖性是有冲突的，故选D．
15．B
名词辨析．本句But
Every
college
discussion
about
community
values，social
climates
and
behavior
should
include（15）of
the
development
importance
of
students
autonomy
and
self-regulation．句意是每个大学关于价值观，社会环境和行为的讨论都应该包括学生自主性和独立性的辨别，故选B．
四、Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
If
your
in-box
is
currently
reporting
unread
messages
in
the
hundreds
or
thousands,
you
might
have
a
hard
time
believing
the
news:
e-mail
is
on
the
decline.
At
first
thought,
that
might
seem
to
be
the
case.
The
incoming
generation,
after
all,
doesn’t
do
e-mail.
Oh,
they
might
have
an
account.
They
use
it
only
as
we
would
use
a
fax
machine:
as
a
means
to
communicate
with
old-school
folks
like
their
parents
or
to
fulfill
the
sign-up
requirements
of
Web
sites.
They
rarely
check
it,
though.
Today’s
instant
electronic
memos—such
as
texting
and
Facebook
and
Twitter
messages—are
more
direct,
more
concentrated,
more
efficient.
They
go
without
the
salutation
(称呼语)
and
the
signoff
(签收);
we
already
know
the
“to”
and
“from.”
Many
corporations
are
moving
to
messaging
networks
for
exactly
that
reason:
more
signal,
less
noise
and
less
time.
This
trend
is
further
evidence
that
store-and-forward
systems
such
as
e-mail
and
voicemail
are
outdated.
Instead
of
my
leaving
you
a
lengthy
message
that
you
pick
up
later,
I
can
now
send
you
an
easily-read
message
that
you
can
read—and
respond
to—on
the
go.
The
coming
of
the
mobile
era
is
responsible
for
the
decline
of
e-mail.
Instant
written
messages
bring
great
convince
to
people.
They
can
deal
with
them
at
about
any
time:
before
a
movie,
in
a
taxi,
waiting
for
lunch.
And
because
these
messages
are
very
brief,
they’re
suitable
for
smart
phone
typing.
Does
this
mean
e-mail
is
on
its
way
to
the
dustbin
of
digital
history?
Not
necessarily.
E-mail
still
has
certain
advantages.
On
the
other
hand,
tweets
and
texts
feel
ephemeral—you
read
them,
then
they’re
gone,
into
an
endless
string,
e-mail
still
feels
like
something
you
have
and
that
you
can
file,
search
and
return
to
later.
It’s
easy
to
imagine
that
it
will
continue
to
feel
more
appropriate
for
formal
communications:
agreements,
important
news,
longer
explanations.
So,
e-mail
won’t
go
away
completely.
Remember,
we’ve
been
through
a
transition
(过度)
like
this
not
so
long
ago:
when
e-mail
was
on
the
rise,
people
said
that
postal
mail
was
dead.
That’s
not
how
it
works.
Postal
mail
found
its
smaller
market,
and
so
will
e-mail.
New
technology
rarely
replaces
old
one
completely;
it
just
adds
new
alternatives.
1.
What
would
the
incoming
generation
like
to
do
with
their
e-mail
accounts?
A.
Check
bank
accounts.
B.
Send
long
messages.
C.
Fill
in
some
forms.
D.
Communicate
with
their
colleagues.
2.
Which
of
the
following
is
mainly
discussed
in
paragraphs
3
and
4?
A.
The
possible
reasons
behind
the
decline
of
e-mail
B.
The
likes
and
dislikes
of
the
young
generation
C.
The
rapid
development
of
e-communication
channels
D.
Evidence
about
the
uncertain
future
of
easily-consumed
messages
3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“ephemeral”
in
paragraph
5
mean?
A.
Automatically-sending
B.
Randomly-written
C.
Hardly-
recognized
D.
Shortly-appearing
4.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
It’s
too
early
to
determine
the
decline
of
e-mail.
B.
E-mail
has
reasons
to
exist
with
its
own
advantages.
C.
E-mail,
just
like
postal
mail
has
come
to
its
end.
D.
We
should
feel
sorry
for
the
decline
of
e-mail.
【分析】本文是一篇科教类阅读，属于议论文，如果您的收件箱目前正在报告数百或数千的未读邮件，您可能很难相信这个消息：电子邮件的使用正在下降．本文以此展开谈论，主要讲述了电子邮件衰落的原因以及电子邮件因为它的优势仍然有理由存在．
【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据They
use
it
only
as
we
would
a
fax
machine：as
a
means
to
communicate
with
old﹣school
folks
like
their
parents
or
to
fulfill
the
sign﹣up
requirements
of
Web
sites．可知，他们只能像传真机一样使用它：作为与父母等老年人交流的方式，或者满足网站的注册要求．ABD均不符合，故选C．
2．A．段落大意题．根据第三段内容，主要介绍了今天的即时电子备忘录，如发短信，Facebook和Twitter发消息更直接，更集中，更有效率．第四段主要讲述了电子邮件的衰落对应于移动时代的黎明．故三四段主要讲述了电子邮件衰落的原因．故选A．
3．D．词义猜测题．根据上下文内容可知，On
the
other
hand，tweets
and
texts
feel
ephemeral﹣you
read
them，then
they're
gone，into
an
endless
string，e﹣mail
still
feels
like
something
you
have
and
that
you
can
file，search
and
return
to
later．句意为另一方面，微博和短信感到短暂﹣你读了他们，然后他们走了，成为一个无尽的字符串，电子邮件仍然感觉像你有的东西，你可以提交，搜索和返回到以后．故ephmeral意为短暂的．故选D．
4．B．推理判断题．根据文章内容，尤其是Not
necessarily．E﹣mail
still
has
certain
advantages．以及So，e﹣mail
won't
go
away
completely．可知，电子邮件因为它的优势有理由存在．
【点评】本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题，段落大意题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测
(B)
The
Film:
The
Great
Gatsby
(Based
on
Fitzgerald’s
Novel
The
Great
Gatsby
)
Director:
Baz
Luhrmann
Cast:
Leonardo
DiCaprio
as
Jay
Gatsby
Film
Reviews:
If
you
have
never
read
the
classic
F.
Scott
Fitzgerald’s
novel
The
Great
Gatsby,
now
is
your
chance
to
catch
up
—
by
watching
the
latest
film
adaptation.
Because
if
there’s
one
sentence
to
sum
up
the
film,
it
would
be:
It’s
just
like
the
book.
The
use
of
music
is
almost
reason
enough
to
see
the
film.
Baz
Luhrmann
is
at
his
best
mixing
visual
and
musical
styles
together
to
create
something
wholly
original,
for
example,
in
one
of
the
most
outstanding
scenes
in
the
film,
the
first
party
scene,
Nick
walks
quickly
from
one
party
guest
to
another
party
guest
trying
to
explain
all
the
gossip
about
Gatsby
until
he
is
finally
introduced
to
the
man
himself,
while
the
most
stirring
version
of
Rhapsody
in
Blue
(蓝色狂想曲),
which
was
composed
by
American
musician
George
Gershwin
in
1924,
is
played
in
the
background.
─
Fox
News
Director
Baz
Luhrmann’s
main
challenge
was
either
to
find
a
visual
equivalent
(相等物)
for
Fitzgerald’s
elegant
quality
—
the
open
secret
of
the
book’s
popularity
for
so
long
time
–
or
to
match
his
own
unusual
personal
strengths
with
the
material.
He
tries
it
both
ways,
with
considerable
degrees
of
success.
Leonardo
DiCaprio
does
a
good
and
professional
job
as
the
socialite
(社会名流)
by
recreating
Fitzgerald’s
description
of
Gatsby’s
charm.
He
can
look
at
someone
for
an
instant
and
understand
how,
perfectly,
he
or
she
wants
to
be
seen.
─
Time
MagazineAbout
the
Book
and
the
Main
Character:
Considered
to
be
Fitzgerald’s
representative
work,
The
Great
Gatsby
explores
themes
of
idealism,
resistance
to
change,
social
change,
and
excess,
creating
a
portrait
of
the
Jazz
Age
or
the
Roaring
Twenties
that
has
been
described
as
a
tale
regarding
the
American
Dream.
Nick,
the
narrator,
moves
to
New
York
for
the
summer
to
visit
his
cousin
Daisy.
His
next-door
neighbor
is
Jay
Gatsby
(Leonardo
DiCaprio),
who
rarely
contacts
with
others
and
is
said
to
be
a
hero
of
the
Great
War.
Gatsby
claims
to
have
attended
Oxford
University,
but
the
evidence
is
suspect.
As
Nick
learns
more
about
Gatsby,
every
detail
about
him
seems
questionable,
except
his
love
for
the
Daisy.
Though
Daisy
is
married,
Gatsby
still
loves
her
as
his
“golden
girl”.
They
first
met
when
she
was
a
young
lady
from
a
wealthy
family
and
he
was
a
working-class
military
officer.
Daisy
promised
to
wait
for
his
return
from
the
war.
However,
she
married
Tom,
a
classmate
of
Nick’s.
Having
obtained
a
great
fortune,
Gatsby
sets
out
to
win
her
back
again.
1.
The
Fox
News
review
mentioned
the
first
party
scene
in
the
film
to
________.
A.
reveal
the
fact
that
Nick
wants
to
know
more
about
Gatsby
B.
show
the
version
of
Rhapsody
in
Blue
matches
the
film
well
C.
prove
that
the
director
is
good
at
combining
visual
and
music
D.
convince
us
that
the
first
scene
is
perfectly
filmed
by
the
director
2.
According
to
Time
Magazine,
what
did
Baz
Luhrmann
do
to
make
the
film
a
success?
A.
He
adapted
the
story
in
the
novel
as
he
wished.
B.
He
made
the
film
more
powerful
than
the
book.
C.
He
mixed
his
style
with
the
elegance
of
the
book.
D.
He
changed
the
story
to
meet
his
own
style.
3.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
used
to
describe
Gatsby?
A.
Faithful
and
warm-hearted.
B.
Charming
and
professional.
C.
Selfish
and
timid.
D.
Mysterious
and
devoted.
【分析】本文是了不起的盖茨比的影评和剧情简介．
【解答】1．C．理解推断题．由─Fox
News中的Baz
Luhrmann
is
at
his
best
mixing
visual
and
musical
styles
together
to
create
something
wholly
original，for
example，in
one
of
the
most
outstanding
scenes
in
the
film，the
first
party
scene可知此处提到电影最优秀的一幕是为了说明导演善于将最好的视觉和音乐风格结合在一起，故选C．
2．C．理解推断题．由─Time
Magazine中的Director
Baz
Luhrmann's
main
challenge
was
either
to
find
a
visual
equivalent
（相等物）
for
Fitzgerald's
elegant
quality﹣﹣the
open
secret
of
the
book's
popularity
for
so
long
time﹣or
to
match
his
own
unusual
personal
strengths
with
the
material，可知他最大的成功是把书的优雅特质和自己的个人优势结合在了一起，故选C．
3．D．理解推断题．Though
Daisy
is
married，Gatsby
still
loves
her
as
his"golden
girl和Daisy
promised
to
wait
for
his
return
from
the
war．However，she
married
Tom，a
classmate
of
Nick's．Having
obtained
a
great
fortune，Gatsby
sets
out
to
win
her
back
again，可知盖茨比深爱着黛西，但黛西嫁给了你可，可是他还是没有放弃，可知他是痛苦但是忠诚的，故选D．
【点评】推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断．这种推理方式比较直接，考生只要弄清事实，即可结合上下文推断出合理的结论．
(C)
The
British
Medical
Journal
recently
featured
a
strong
response
to
what
was
judged
an
inappropriately
merciful
reaction
by
a
medical
school
to
a
student
cheating
in
an
examination.
Although
we
have
insufficient
reliable
data
about
the
extent
of
this
phenomenon,
its
prevention,
or
its
effective
management,
much
can
be
concluded
and
acted
upon
on
the
basis
of
common
sense.
There
is
general
agreement
that
there
should
be
zero
tolerance
of
cheating
in
a
profession
based
on
trust
and
one
on
which
human
lives
depend.
It
is
reasonable
to
assume
that
cheaters
in
medical
school
will
be
more
likely
than
others
to
continue
to
act
dishonestly
with
patients,
colleagues,
and
government.
The
behaviours
under
question
are
multifactorial
in
origin.
There
are
familial
(家庭的),
religious,
and
cultural
values
that
are
acquired
long
before
medical
school.
For
example,
countries,
cultures,
and
subcultures
exist
where
bribes
and
dishonest
behaviour
are
very
normal.
There
are
secondary
schools
in
which
neither
staff
nor
students
tolerate
cheating
and
others
where
cheating
is
common;
there
are
homes
which
cultivate
young
people
with
high
standards
of
moral
behaviour
and
others
which
leave
moral
training
to
the
harmful
influence
of
television
and
the
market
place.
Medical
schools
reflect
society
and
cannot
be
expected
to
remedy
all
the
ills
of
a
society.
The
selection
process
of
medical
students
might
be
expected
to
favour
applicants
with
positive
moral
behaviour.
Medical
schools
should
be
the
major
focus
of
attention
for
cultivating
future
doctors
with
moral
sensitivity.
Unfortunately
there
are
troubling
data
that
suggest
that
during
medical
school
the
moral
behaviour
of
medical
students
does
not
necessarily
improve;
indeed,
moral
development
may
actually
stop
or
even
regress
(倒退).
It
is
critical
that
the
academic
and
clinical
leaders
of
the
institution
set
a
personal
example
on
moral
behaviour.
Medical
schools
must
do
something
to
make
sure
that
their
students
are
expected
to
be
clear
from
day
one.
The
development
of
a
school’s
culture
of
moral
behaviour
requires
cooperation
with
the
students
in
which
they
play
an
active
role
in
its
creation
and
developing.
Moreover,
the
school’s
examination
system
and
general
treatment
of
students
must
be
fair.
Finally,
the
treatment
of
infractions
(违规)
must
be
firm,
fair,
transparent
(透明的).
1.
What
does
the
author
say
about
cheating
in
medical
schools?
A.
Extensive
research
has
been
done
about
this
phenomenon.
B.
We
have
sufficient
data
to
prove
that
prevention
is
possible.
C.
We
know
that
this
phenomenon
exists
in
every
medical
school.
D.
We
still
need
more
reliable
data
to
know
how
serious
it
is.
2.
According
to
the
author,
it
is
important
to
prevent
cheating
in
medical
schools
because
________.
A.
the
medical
profession
is
based
on
trust.
B.
there
is
zero
tolerance
of
cheating
in
medicine.
C.
the
medical
profession
depends
on
the
government.
D.
cheating
exists
extensively
in
medical
schools.
3.
Which
of
the
following
statements
will
the
author
probably
agree
with?
A.
Medical
schools
should
make
a
less
competitive
environment
for
students.
B.
Outstanding
people
should
create
a
set
of
moral
standards
to
be
followed.
C.
Medical
students
should
be
positive
in
creating
and
preserving
moral
behavior.
D.
We
should
focus
on
the
cause-and-effect
of
the
cheating
in
exams
in
medical
schools.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
implied
from
the
passage?
A.
It
makes
little
sense
to
talk
about
medical
school
student
cheating
in
exams.
B.
Medical
schools
haven’t
been
doing
well
to
help
students
develop
morally.
C.
Cheating
in
exams
is
tolerable
outside
of
medical
school
circle.
D.
Elimination
of
exams
helps
cultivate
healthier
characters
of
medical
school
students.
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，英国医学杂志最近对医学院对学生作弊的不适当的反应被认为是强烈的回应．虽然我们对这种现象的程度，预防或其有效管理的可靠数据不足，但是可以在常识的基础上得出结论并采取行动．本文以此展开谈论，主要谈论了医学生作弊问题．
【解答】1．D．细节理解题．根据Although
we
have
insufficient
reliable
data
about
the
extent
of
this
phenomenon，its
prevention，or
its
effective
management，much
can
be
concluded
and
acted
upon
on
the
basis
of
common
sense．可知，我们仍然需要更多的可靠的数据来知道问题究竟有多严重．故选D．
2.A．细节理解题．根据There
is
general
agreement
that
there
should
be
zero
tolerance
of
cheating
in
a
profession
based
on
trust
and
one
on
which
human
lives
depend．可知，普遍认为，基于信任和人类赖以生存的职业，应该对作弊行为零容忍．故选A．
3．C．推理判断题．根据there
are
homes
which
cultivate
young
people
with
high
standards
of
moral
behaviour
and
otherswhich
leave
moral
training
to
the
harmful
influence
of
television
and
the
market
place．可以推测出，医学生应该积极创造和保持道德行为．故选C．
4．B．细节理解题．根据Unfortunately
there
are
troubling
data
that
suggest
that
during
medical
school
the
moral
behaviour
of
medical
students
does
not
necessarily
improve；
indeed，moral
development
may
actually
stop
or
even
regress（倒退）．可知，不幸的是，有令人不安的数据表明，在医学院校，医学生的道德行为并不一定会改善；事实上，道德发展可能会停止甚至退化．故医学院校在帮助学生发展道德上并没有做得很好．故选B．
【点评】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，推理判断题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测
五、Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1.
影视剧中虚构的情节往往被误认为是真实生活。(mistake)
2.
别过于频繁地修改用户名和密码，否则你会陷入尴尬的局面。(or)
3.
只有通过反复实践，才能提高你的驾驶技术，并最终通过多项严格考试。(Only)
4.
今年年末，上海所有的公共收费停车场都将使车主能使用数字支付，比如交通卡、支付宝、微信和ETC。(enable)
答案：
1.
Fictional
plots
in
movies
and
TV
plays
are
often
mistaken
for
real
life.2.
Don’t
change
your
user
name
or
password
too
often,
or
you’ll
fall
into
embarrassing
situation.3.
Only
through
frequent
practice
can
you
improve
your
driving
skills
and
pass
several
strict
tests
finally.4.
All
paid
public
parking
lots
in
Shanghai
will
enable
car
owners
to
use
digital
payment
by
the
end
of
this
year,
such
as
transportation
cards,
Alipay,
WeChat
and
ETC.自招英语教师辅导教案
学员编号：
年
级：
初三
课
时
数：3
学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
课程主题：
初三自招冲刺讲义（非谓语+完型填空+试卷训练3）
授课时间：
学习目标
教学内容
1.
______（surround）by
a
lot
of
newsmen,
the
newly-elected
mayor
of
the
city
felt
he
had
to
say
something.
（13浦东二模）
2.______（become）a
successful
investor,
a
fresh
businessman
should
conduct
himself
in
an
appropriate
businesslike
manner.
（13浦东二模）
3.
_____（complete）
the
project
as
planned,
we’ll
have
to
work
two
more
hours
a
day.（13普陀二模）
4.
Many
children
have
formed
the
habit
of
reading
but
_____（
not
take）
efficient
notes
meanwhile.（13普陀二模）
5.
Michael
put
up
a
picture
of
Jeremy
Lin
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
_____
（remind）of
his
own
dreams.（13普陀二模）
6.
The
reason
why
we
set
up
“a
green
responsibility
card”
is
to
give
a
feeling
of
accomplishment
to
people
_____（involve）.
非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to
do
to
be
doing
t
hav
doneto
be
done
to
have
been
done在非谓语前加notfor
sb.
to
do
sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定、表、补和状语分词现在分词doing
having
donebeing
done
having
been
done具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doing
having
donebeing
done
having
been
donesb’
doing具有名词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定和表语
（一）非谓语基础知识点
一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：
1.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：
情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,
want,
offer,
long,
fail,
expect,
wish,
ask,
decide,
pretend,
manage,
agree,
afford,
determine,
promise,
happen,
demand,
refuse,
learn,
choose只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,
miss,
enjoy,
imagine,
practise,
suggest,
finish,
escape,
excuse,
appreciate,
admit,
deny，
prevent,
keep,
avoid,
risk,
resist,
consider（考虑）can’t
help,
feel
like,
succeed
in,
be
fond
of,
object
to,
get
down
to,
be
engaged
in,
insist
on,
think
of,
be
proud
of,
take
pride
in,
set
about,
be
afraid
of,
be
tired
of,
look
forward
to,
devote
oneself
to,
be
worth,
be
busy,
pay
attention
to,
stick
to两者都可以意义基本相同begin,
start,
like,
love,
hate,
prefer,
continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词
多指一般或习惯行为）need,
want,
require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop
to
do
停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop
doing
停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret
to
do（指动作尚未发生）
remember/forget/regret
doing（指动作已经发生）go
on
to
do（接着做另外一件事）
go
on
doing（接着做同一件事）try
to
do（设法，努力去做，尽力）
try
doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean
to
do（打算做，企图做）
mean
doing
（意识是，意味着）can’t
help
to
do（不能帮忙做）
can’t
help
doing（忍不住要做）
2.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：
常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,
beg,
expect,
get,
order,
tell,
want,
wish,
encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成We
should
encourage
students
to
find
the
mistakes
by
themselves.
I
heard
him
call
me
several
times.have,
notice,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
let,
make现在分词
notice,
see,
watch,
hear,
find,
keep,
have,
feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I
found
her
listening
to
the
radio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We
found
the
village
greatly
changed.
3.非谓语动词做定语的区别：
区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
type.
I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
be
typed.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall
we
go
to
the
swimming
pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the
boiling
water
/
the
boiled
water
the
developing
country/the
developed
country
the
falling
leaves
/
the
fallen
leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成
4.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：
区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My
dream
is
to
become
a
teacher.
To
obey
the
law
is
important.
(dream,
business,
wish,
idea,
plan,
duty,
task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It
is
no
use
saying
that
again
and
again.
Teaching
is
my
job.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,
quite,
rather等副词修饰。
现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。The
situation
is
encouraging.
The
book
is
well
written.
(常见分词有astonishing,
moving,
tiring,
disappointing,
puzzling,
shocking,
boring,
amusing及其-ed形式)
5.非谓语动词做状语的区别:
区别举例不定式VS
分词1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never
too…to,
too…not
to
,
but/only
too…
to,
too
ready/eager/apt/inclined
to
表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find,
hear,
see,
be
told,
form,
give,
make,
produce
等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。They
stood
by
the
roadside
talking
about
the
plan．
(伴随)
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan．
(目的)
Reading
attentively，he
forgot
the
time
for
lunch．
(原因)
Reading
carefully，he
found
something
he
had
not
known
before．
(时间)
Reading
carefully，you'll
learn
something
new．
(条件)
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him．
(结果)
The
boy
is
not
tall
enough
to
reach
the
book
shelf．
(结果)
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news．
(原因)动名词不作状语现在分词VS过去分词现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
He
went
out，shutting
the
door
behind
him.
Not
knowing
what
to
do,
he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
Faced
with
difficulties,
we
must
try
to
overcome
them.
非谓语动词考点小结
二、
动名词常考必记要点归纳
1.
以下动词和动词短语后只能接动名词：
常用动词：finish,
mind,
suggest,
keep,
enjoy,
practice,
consider,
excuse,
miss,
escape,
resist,
allow,
permit,
imagine,
risk,
delay,
forbid,
appreciate,
understand
动词短语：give
up,
insist
on,
look
forward
to,
it
is
(no
)good
(use,
harm),
object
to（反对），get
down
to,
devote
oneself
to,
spend…doing,
prevent…(from)…,
waste…doing,
have
(no)
difficulty
(in)
doing,
stick
to
,keep…from,stop…from
2.
接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构：
stop
to
do/stop
doing
停下来做……/
停止做…….
remember
to
do/remember
doing
记住要去做……/
记得曾做过……
forget
to
do/forget
doing
忘记去做……/
忘记曾做过……
try
to
do/try
doing
努力（尽力）做……/
试着做……
regret
to
do/regret
doing
遗憾地去做……/
后悔做过……
mean
to
do/mean
doing
打算做……/
意味着做……
want
to
do/want
doing
想做……/
需要被做……
go
on
to
do/go
on
doing
接着做另一件事/
接着做未做完的同一事
like
to
do/like
doing
喜欢做……（非经常性）/
喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）.
feel
like
doing/would
like
to
do
想做……/（要做……）
set
about
doing/set
out
to
do
开始做……
prefer
doing/prefer
to
do
喜欢做……
prefer
+
doing
to
+
doing
would
rather
+
do
than
+
do
宁愿……而不愿
prefer
to
+
do
rather
than
+
do
used
to
+
do
过去经常做……
be
used
to
+
do
被用来做……
be/get
used
to
doing
养成做……习惯
can’t
help
(to)
+
do
不能帮助做……
can’t
help
doing
止不住地做……
can’t
help
but
+
do
不得不
cannot
choose
but
+do=cannot
but
do
3.
动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构），否定结构是not
+动名词；
复合结构是：代词宾格（形容词性物主代词）
+
动名词
名词（名词所有格）
注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间的结构。作宾语两者均可。
例：1)
They
felt
sorry
for
not
arriving
in
time.
（没能及时到达，他们感到很抱歉。）
2)
Do
you
mind
my
/me
opening
the
window?
（我打开窗你介意吗？）
Our
going
there
is
allowed.
（我们获准去那里。）【注意在句首不能用us】
4.
动名词的时态和语态
主动
被动用法
一般式doing
being
done发生在谓语后等完成式
having
donehaving
been
done发生在谓语前
动词need、want、require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义（=
to
be
+
过去分词）。例：The
baby
wants
washing.
(=
to
be
washed)
6.
在worth后用动名词主动形式，在worthy后用动名词被动形式。
例：The
film
is
worth
seeing.
=The
film
is
worthy
of
being
seen.
=The
film
is
worthy
to
be
seen.
to后接动词时，to是不定式符号，应该接原形动词，to是介词应要接动名词。这一点一定要判断清楚。在“get
down
to开始做……；look
forward
to…盼望……；stick
to…坚持做……；lead
to…导致……；devote
oneself
to…献身于……；to
be
devoted
to
…献身于……；pay
attention
to
…注意……；object
to
反对做……
”中，to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词。
8.
介词后一般接动名词。in
doing
…在做……过程中；on
doing
…一……就……；before
doing
…在做……之前；after
doing
…在做……之后；without
doing
没做……
不定式常考必记要点归纳
下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree,
seem,
appear,
offer,
happen,
wish,
hope,
pay,
expect,
long,
plan,
intend,
promise,
pretend,
decide,
afford,
manage,
choose,
be
said
to,
would
like
to等。
不定式常用的句型：too…to
do
（太……而不能）,
…enough
to
do…（够……就能……）,
so
as
to
do/in
order
to
do（为了……），
so…as
to
do/such…as
to
do（如此……结果……）。在这些常用句型中，注意so
as
to
/in
order
to，前一个不能用于句首，而in
order
to既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。so…as
to与such…as
to的区别是：so后一般接形容词或副词、可数名词单数（so
+
adj.+
a/
an
+
n.）。“such”后一般接可数名词复数、不可数名词和可数名词单数形式（such
+
a/an
+
adj.
+
n.）。
不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。否定结构为“not
(never)
to
do”；疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how
(what,
which,
who,
whether…)
to
do”；复合结构是“for/
of
+名词（或代词宾格）+
to
do
”。
4.
不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语态形式（可记忆为三时两语）
主
动 式
被
动 式
一般时to
do
to
be
done
进行时to
be
doing
无完成时to
have
done
to
have
been
done
let/make/have/see/hear/notice/observe/listen
to/look
at/watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to,
若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。动词help后面作宾补的不定式可省略to，也可加to。例：I
saw
him
go
upstairs.
被动形式是:
He
was
seen
to
go
upstairs.
6.当前面是the
first,
the
second,
the
last,
need,
plan,
time,
chance,
right,
determination,
ability,
opportunity（机会），way时，一般用不定式作定语。例如：
A)
It
is
time
to
get
up.
（该起床了。）
B)
He
didn't
have
a
chance
to
go
to
school
before
liberation.（解放前，他没有机会去上学。）
but/except
+
to
do/
do
结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does,
did时，but后用动词原形；谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to
+
动词原形”的形式。
8.
不定式的逻辑主语要与主语保持一致
To
study
a
foreign
language,
practice
is
needed.
这个句子逻辑主语不一致，应改为：To
study
a
foreign
language,
one
needs
practice.
学习外语需要操练。
9.
形容词后一般用不定式（除busy,
worth
两个外）例如：
A)
You
are
sure
to
succeed.
（你一定能成功。）
B)
I’m
sorry
to
have
given
you
a
lot
of
trouble.（对不起，给你带来那么多麻烦。）
C)
He
is
busy
preparing
his
lessons
at
present.
（他现在正忙于预习功课。）
10.
不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
A)
This
is
a
bench
to
sit
on.（这是用来坐的凳子。）
B)
This
room
is
comfortable
to
live
in.
（这个房间住起来很舒适。）
11.
在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。例：
The
question
is
easy
to
answer.
（question是answer的宾语，不能说：The
question
is
easy
to
be
answered.
也不能说：The
question
is
easy
to
answer
it
.）
12.
不定式的动词与前面的动词一致时，可以省掉该动词，但to
不能省掉；其后如是be
或have等词时，一般不能省。
分词常考必记要点归纳
1.
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别。它们的用法主要是根据动词是及物还是不及物来确定，不及物动词根据动作完成的程度，及物动词根据语态来确定。列表如下：
(
分
词
动
词
)现在分词
过去分词
vi.表示
动作进行
表示
动作完成
vt.表示
主动
表示
被动
2.
分词的两个结构
否定结构：not
+
分词
例如：Not
having
known
his
address,
I
didn’t
write
to
him.
复合结构（独立主格结构）有两种形式：
（1）名词（代词主格）+分词（只作状语）
（2）with+名词（代词宾格）+分词（作状语或定语）
例：1)
The
day’s
work
done,
they
went
home.
他们做完一天的工作就回家了。
He
sat
there
with
his
feet
pointing
to
others.
他坐在那儿把脚指向别人。
3.
现在分词的时态和语态形式，以动词do为例列表如下：
(
语
态
时
态
)主动
被动
用法
一般式doing
being
done（正在被）同时/
后发生完成式Having
donehaving
been
done
（已被）先发生
注：①现在分词完成时态的被动结构有时等于一个过去分词（即having
been
done
=
done）。
②现在分词的完成时态不能作表语、定语和宾补，只放在状语的位置上。
③现在分词一般时态的被动结构（being
+
v.-ed）表示“正在被”之意，而在动名词中只表示被动。
“使……怎么样”之类的动词（amuse,
astonish,
excite,
frighten,
interest,
move,
relax,
satisfy,
shock,
surprise,
encourage,
disappoint,
puzzle,
tire,
please,
inspire,
terrify,
worry），它们的ing形式表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下“人”用过去分词，“物”用ing形式。
5.
分词和不定式都作状语，其区别是分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式和说明，而不定式表示目的和结果，关键是体会句意之间关系。
例
1.Their
grandfather
lived
the
liberation
of
China.(to
see/
seeing)
_
in
Beijing,
I
visited
many
historic
spots.
(To
stay/
Staying)
6.
独立主格结构放在句首不能误当成并列句，分词作状语放在句末不能误当成并列谓语。
There
being
no
buses,
we
had
to
walk
home.
The
students
worked
in
the
fields,
_____.
(laughed
and
talked,
/laughing
and
talking).
为了使概念更明确，在分词前可以用when,
while,
if,
once,
unless,
as
if,
than,
as这些连词。例
I
will
go
if
invited
(=
if
I
am
invited).
8.
常用几个动词的结构及意义
Want+doing（表示被动）/want
sth
to
be
done（表示被动）
want
sb
to
do
（表示主动）
Make
sth
done（表示被动）/make
sb.
do（表示主动）
Have
sth+to
do（有……可做）
+sb+do
（叫某人做…）
+sth+
done（叫别人做…）
+sb+doing（让……一直做……）
Get
sb
to
do（叫……马上做……）
sth
done叫（别人）做……=
have
sth
done
sb
to
do（叫某人做……）/
doing
Catch
+宾语+doing
（看见某人在做……）
seat/
dress这两个动词后如有宾语用现在分词，反之用过去分词。include/
consider这两个动词如果放在名词之前用现在分词，名词之后用过去分词。missing/remaining作“丢失的”和“剩下的”讲，只有现在分词形式；left作“剩下的”讲只能放名词后或代词后。例如：We
went
there,
including
our
boss.
/
We
went
there,
our
boss
included.
10.
一些只用现在分词形式的固定结构：
generally/
seriously
speaking,
judging
from
(by)…
但
to
tell
the
truth,
to
be
sure,
to
be
exact
要用不定式。
spoken
English
是“英语口语”，而English-speaking是“讲英语的……”后面一般接名词，它是个形容词。
12.
open作形容词用是“开着的”，而“关着的”是closed。
形容词close
是指“距离”，不是“关着的”意思。
He
used
to
sleep
with
all
the
windows
open.
比较：He
used
to
sleep
with
all
the
windows
closed.
13.
几组易错的现在分词、过去分词
lie
vi.
lay
lain
lying
躺
lie
v.
lied
lied
lying
撒谎
lay
vi.
laid
laid
laying
放；下蛋
found
vt.
founded
founded
成立
find
vt.
found
found
发现
Wind
wound
wound
盘旋
蜿蜒
Wound
wounded
wounded
受伤
rise
vi
rose
risen
上升
raise
vt.
raised
raised
上升
fall
vi.
fell
fallen
落下
feel
vt.
felt
felt
摸；感觉
hang
vi
hung
hung
悬挂
hang
vt.
hanged
hanged
绞死
light
vt.
lit
（一般作谓语）
light
lighted
（作定语）
燃着的
burn
vt.
/vi
burnt
烧焦的，
burning
正在燃烧的
（二）完型填空
完形填空这种题型，目的在于测试学生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的能力，进而考查学生的语言能力：作为选拔性考试，它具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。重点在于综合考查考兰主的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力。
题型特点：
1．选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文。它选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等；热点话题继续关注。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240-320之间。
2．所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设奎，目的是让学生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体。胜的把握，建立正确的思维导：向。正文中通常挖去20个词（组），通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个Ff勺情况。挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。
解题方法：
1．耐心精读开头首句，并圈划一些带着感。『青色彩的形容词或副词，理解语段的基调，比如：popular,
warm-hearted,
poor,
homeless;
2．结合自己的语感，语感可以分为句感和词感。句感是通过梳理分析句子本身的不同成分以及成分之间的关系来慢慢提高；词感是通过寻找并揣摩文章中各个句子之间相同词性的单词之间的联系来慢慢提高；
3．识别短语搭配，运用语法理顺上下文关系；
4．通读三遍，细心检查，避免疏漏。
（例题一）
My
previous
home
had
a
stand
of
woods
behind
it
and
many
animals
in
the
backyard.
That
first
year,
I
1
feeding
peanuts
to
the
blue
jays,
then
the
squirrels.
The
squirrels
had
no
2
coming
up
right
to
me
for
them.
As
the
months
went
by,
the
rabbits
saw
that
I
was
no
3
and
didn’t
escape.
When
I
threw
carrot
slices
(薄片)
,
they
even
came
for
a
nibble
(啃).
Slowly
they
came
to
4
me,
and
by
the
end
of
the
year
they
were
eating
out
of
my
hand.
That
second
year,
the
rabbits
5
me,
and
one
would
even
sit
up
for
slices!
While
I
was
feeding
them,
I
6
that
a
groundhog
who
used
to
run
away
was
now
taking
an
7
interest
in
this
food
situation.
I
carefully
extended
a
long
8
,
with
a
keen
eye
on
those
teeth,
and
9
,
there
were
times
I
would
have
the
groundhog
sitting
next
to
a
rabbit,
both
munching
(津津有味地咀嚼)
on
carrots.
A
few
months
later,
while
10
,
she
would
even
turn
her
back
to
me.
11
when
she
was
facing
away,
I
reached
out
and
12
scratched
(搔)
her
back
with
my
finger.
She
didn't
move.
By
year
three,
the
rabbits
and
the
groundhog
were
back.
The
groundhog
13
didn't
have
a
problem
with
me
scratching
her
back,
and
I
got
an
idea.
I'd
always
14
,
while
slicing
up
carrots,
that
the
end
looked
like
a
cap.
15
one
day,
just
to
see
what
she
would
do,
I
gently
16
one
on
top
of
the
groundhog's
head.
Again,
not
a
17
.
The
next
time,
I
had
my
camera
ready
to
record
what
you
see
here,
one
of
several
dozen
such
pictures.
18
she
had
a
slice
to
eat,
she
never
19
the
one
on
her
head.
It
was
a
fair
20
-
I
got
a
pleasure,
and
she
had
yet
another
tasty
treat.
(
)
1.
A.
avoided
B.
started
C.
canceled
D.
suggested
(
)
2.
A.
business
B.
fun
C.
problem
D.
privilege
(
)
3.
A.
help
B.
cheat
C.
threat
D.
exception
(
)
4.
A.
trust
B.
miss
C.
admire
D.
appreciate
(
)
5.
A.
feared
B.
ignored
C.
discovered
D.
remembered
(
)
6.
A.
proved
B.
decided
C.
noticed
D.
understood
(
)
7.
A.
extreme
B.
increasing
C.
additional
D.
inspiring
(
)
8.
A.
squirrel
B.
rabbit
C.
peanut
D.
carrot
(
)
9.
A.
before
long
B.
long
ago
C.
over
and
over
D.
all
over
again
(
)
10.
A.
eating
B.
playing
C.
sitting
D.
sleeping
(
)
11.
A.
Next
B.
Once
C.
Soon
D.
Lately
(
)
12.
A.
carefully
B.
suddenly
C.
violently
D.
patiently
(
)
13.
A.
also
B.
thus
C.
just
D.
still
(
)
14.
A.
thought
B.
doubted
C.
admitted
D.
recognized
(
)
15.
A.
While
B.
Or
C.
So
D.
For
(
)
16.
A.
fixed
B.
placed
C.
hung
D.
kept
(
)
17.
A.
tremble
B.
move
C.
delay
D.
hesitation
(
)
18.
A.
Even
if
B.
Even
since
C.
As
far
as
D.
As
long
as
(
)
19.
A.
welcomed
B.
required
C.
bothered
D.
expected
(
)
20.
A.
trade
B.
competition
C.
task
D.
affair
【例题精讲】
例1.【★★★】
Finding
her
car
stolen,
____
A.
a
policeman
was
asked
to
help
B.
the
area
was
searched
thoroughly
C.
it
was
looked
for
everywhere
D.
she
hurried
to
a
policeman
for
help例2.【★★★】
The
bell
____
the
end
of
the
period
rang,
____
our
heated
discussion.
A.
indicating;
interrupting
B.
indicated;
interrupting
C.
indicating;
interrupted
D.
indicated;
interrupted例3.【★★★】
Though
____
money,
his
parents
managed
to
send
him
to
university.
A.
lacked
B.
lacking
of
C.
lacking
D.
lacked
in例4.【★★★】
Don’t
use
words,
expressions,
or
phrases
____
only
to
people
with
specific
knowledge.
A.
being
known
B.
having
been
known
C.
to
be
known
D.
known例5.【★★】
It
is
believed
that
if
a
book
is
____,
it
will
surely
____
the
reader.
A.
interested;
interest
B.
interesting;
be
interested
C.
interested;
be
interesting
D.
interesting;
interest例6.★★★】
Generally
speaking,
____
according
to
the
directions,
the
drug
has
no
side
effect.
A.
when
taking
B.
when
taken
C.
when
to
take
D.
when
to
be
taken例7.【★★】
According
to
a
recent
US
survey,
children
spend
up
to
25
hours
a
week
____
TV.
A.
to
watch
B.
to
watching
C.
watching
D.
watch例8【★★】
The
flowers
____
sweet
in
the
botanic
garden
attract
the
visitors
to
the
beauty
of
nature.
A.
to
smell
B.
smelling
C.
smelt
D.
to
be
smelt例9.【★★★】
The
disc,
digitally
____
in
the
studio,
sounded
fantastic
at
the
party
that
night.
A.
recorded
B.
recording
C.
to
be
recorded
D.
having
recorded例10.【★★★】
Having
been
attacked
by
terrorists,
____.
A.
doctors
came
to
their
rescue
B.
the
tall
building
collapsed
C.
an
emergency
measure
was
taken
D.
warnings
were
given
to
tourists例11.【★★★】
____
into
use
in
April
2000,
the
hotline
was
meant
for
residents
reporting
water
and
heating
supply
breakdowns.
A.
Put
B.
Putting
C.
Having
put
D.
Being
put例12.【★★★】
More
and
more
people
are
signing
up
for
Yoga
classes
nowadays,
____
advantage
of
the
health
and
relaxation
benefits.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
having
taken
D.
having
been
taken例13【★★】
Russ
and
Earl
were
auto
mechanics
____
the
same
pay,
but
Earl
had
more
ambition.
A.
to
earn
B.
to
have
earned
C.
earning
D.
earned例14【★★★】
____
automatically,
the
e-mail
will
be
received
by
all
the
club
members.
A.
Mailed
out
B.
Mailing
out
C.
To
be
mailed
out
D.
Having
mailed
out例15.（）【★★】
After
a
knock
at
the
door,
the
child
heard
his
mother’s
voice
____
him.
A.
calling
B.
called
C.
being
called
D.
to
call例16.★★★】
The
Town
Hall
____
in
the
1800’s
was
the
most
distinguished
building
at
that
time.
A.
to
be
completed
B.
having
been
completed
C.
completed
D.
being
completed例17.【★★★】
In
2010,
it
was
estimated
that
about
400
village
shops
closed,
_____(urge)the
local
government
to
give
financial
support
to
struggling
shops
or
set-up
new
community
stores.
考点要求：1.
非谓语动词的时态与语态；
2.
非谓语动词的否定式；
3.
不定式符号的省略及疑问结构；
4.
动词不定式的各种形式及应用；
5.
-ing结构的各种形式及应用；
6.
-ed结构在句中的不同用法；
7.非谓语动词作宾语、定语、表语等的辨析；
8.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。
冲刺四校自招5套精析版模拟卷（5）
一、单选：
1.
_____________,he
wrote
a
novel
which
is
set
in
Shanghai_______________.
In
his
thirty;
in
1930
In
his
thirties;
in
1930s
In
his
thirties;
in
the
1930s
In
his
thirtieth;
in
the
1930’s
2.
We
need
_____
ten
days
and
five_______helpers
to
finish
the
task
on
time.
A.
other;
more
B.another;
more
C.
more;
other
D.more;another
3.
____________the
fish
in
this
river
has__________dramatically
due
to
the
serious
pollution.
A.The
number
of;
decreased
B.
A
number
of;
decreased
C.
The
number
of;increased
D.
An
amount
of;
increasd
4.
Must
I
go
to
the
medical
school
and
be
a
doctor
like
you,
Dad?
No,you________,son.
You’re
free
to
make
your
own
decision.
A.can’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
5.
_____
to
take
part
in
this
adventure
activity
will
certainly
learn
a
lot
of
useful
skills.
A.Brave
enough
students
B.
Enough
brave
students
C.Students
brave
enough
D.
Students
enough
brave
6．_________
he
stayed
in
Germany
for
half
a
year
and
he
will
go
to
Germany
_________again.
A.
Before
long;
before
long
B.
Long
before;
long
before
C.
Before
long;
long
before
D.
Long
before;
before
long
7．Now
he
has
_________money,
and
can
do
anything
he
wants
to.
A.
a
great
number
of
B．a
great
many
of
C．a
large
amount
of
D．a
good
plenty
of
8．She
has
been
working
hard
day
and
night,
which
of
course,
_______
her
pale
face.
A.
accounts
for
B.
stands
for
C.
goes
for
D.
answer
for
9．
To
our
______
,
Frank’s
illness
proved
not
to
be
as
serious
as
we
had
feared.
A.
anxiety
B.
relief
C.
view
D.
judgement
10．Although
he
is
a
teenager,
Fred
can
resist
______
what
to
do
and
what
not
to
do.
A.
telling
B.
being
told
C.
to
tell
D.
to
be
told
二、Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
approachesB.
shapeC.
previouslyD.
evidentE.
secretsF.
dateG.
hardlyH.
remainsI.
irrelevant
J.
potentialK.
particularly
Swedish
Archaeologists
Make
New
Discoveries
Archaeologists
have
begun
exploring
an
unknown
ancient
city
at
a
village
called
Vlochós,
five
hours
north
of
Athens.
The
archaeological
__1__
are
scattered
on
and
around
the
Strongilovoúni
hill
on
the
great
Thessalian
plains
and
can
be
traced
to
several
historical
periods.
“What
used
to
be
considered
remains
of
some
__2__
settlement
can
now
be
upgraded
to
remains
of
a
city
of
higher
significance
than
__3__
thought,”
says
Robin
R?nnlund,
PhD
student
in
Classical
Archaeology
and
Ancient
History
at
the
University
of
Gothenburg
and
leader
of
the
fieldwork.
“We
came
across
the
site
which
has
never
been
explored
before
in
connection
with
another
project
last
year
and
realized
the
great
__4__
right
away.”
Working
together
with
the
Swedish
Institute
at
Athens
and
the
local
archaeological
service
in
Karditsa,
the
Vlochós
Archaeological
Project
(VLAP)
was
started
with
an
aim
to
explore
the
remains.
The
project’s
research
team
completed
the
first
field
season
during
two
weeks
in
September
2016.
R?nnlund
says
that
the
hill
is
hiding
many
__5__.
Remains
of
towers,
walls
and
city
gates
can
be
found
on
the
mountaintop
and
slopes,
but
__6__
anything
is
visible
on
the
ground
below.
The
ambition
is
to
avoid
digging
and
instead
use
__7__
such
as
ground-penetrating
radar.
This
will
enable
the
team
to
leave
the
site
in
the
same
__8__
as
it
was
in
when
they
arrived.
The
success
of
this
method
is
__9__
from
the
results
of
the
first
field
season:
“We
found
a
town
square
and
a
street
network
that
indicate
that
we
are
dealing
with
quite
a
large
city.
The
area
inside
the
city
wall
measures
over
40
hectares.
We
also
found
ancient
pottery
and
coins
that
can
help
to
__10__
the
city.
Our
oldest
finds
are
from
around
500
BC,
but
the
city
seems
to
have
flourished
mainly
from
the
fourth
to
the
third
century
BC
before
it
was
abandoned
for
some
reason,
maybe
in
connection
with
the
Roman
conquest
of
the
area.”
R?nnlund
believes
that
the
Swedish-Greek
project
can
provide
important
clues
as
to
what
happened
during
this
violent
period
in
Greek
history.
三、Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Why
College
Is
Not
Home
The
college
years
are
supposed
to
be
a
time
for
important
growth
in
autonomy(自主性)
and
the
development
of
adult
identity.
However,
now
they
are
becoming
an
__1__
period
of
adolescence,
during
which
many
of
today’s
students
are
not
shouldered
with
adult
__2__.
In
the
past
two
decades,
continued
connection
with
and
__3__
on
family,
thanks
to
cell
phones,
email
and
social
media,
have
increased
significantly.
Some
parents
go
so
far
as
to
help
with
coursework.
Instead
of
promoting
the
idea
of
college
as
a
passage
from
the
shelter
of
the
family
to
autonomy,
universities
have
__4__
to
the
idea
that
they
should
provide
the
same
environment
as
that
of
the
home.
To
prepare
for
increased
autonomy
and
responsibility,
college
needs
to
be
a
time
of
__5__
and
experimentation.
This
process
involves
“trying
on
”
new
ways
of
thinking
about
oneself
both
intellectually
and
personally.
__6__
we
should
provide
“safe
spaces”
within
colleges,
we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views.
__7__
growth
and
flexibility
are
fostered
by
strict
debate
and
questioning.
Learning
to
deal
with
the
__8__
world
is
equally
important.
Because
a
college
community(群体)
differs
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle
to
find
a
sense
of
__9__.
If
students
rely
on
administrators
to
__10__
their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern,
they
are
not
facing
the
challenge
of
finding
an
identity
within
a
larger
and
complex
community.
__11__,
the
tendency
for
universities
to
monitor
and
__12__
student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults:
the
response
to
being
controlled
by
their
elders.
If
acceptable
social
behavior
is
too
strictly
defined(规定),
the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behavior
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize
may
actually
be
__13__.
It
is
not
surprising
that
young
people
are
likely
to
burst
out,
particularly
when
there
are
reasons
to
do
so.
Our
generation
once
joined
hands
and
stood
firm
at
times
of
national
emergency.
What
is
lacking
today
is
the
__14__
between
adolescents’
desire
for
autonomy
and
their
understanding
of
an
unsafe
world.
Therefore,
there
is
the
desire
for
their
dorms
to
be
replacement
homes
and
not
places
to
experience
growth.
But
Every
college
discussion
about
community
values,
social
climate
and
behavior
should
include
__15__
of
the
developmental
importance
of
student
autonomy
and
self-regulation.
1.A.
expanded
B.
educational
C.
expected
D.
extended
2.A.
responsibilities
B.
abilities
C.
knowledge
D.
experience
3.A.
concentration
B.
dependence
C.
influence
D.
decision
4.A.
given
up
B.
given
away
C.
given
in
D.
given
out
5.A.
instruction
B.
exploration
C.
reflection
D.
preparation
6.A.
When
B.
While
C.
Since
D.
If
7.A.
Intellectual
B.
Spiritual
C.
Logical
D.
Psychological
8.A.
adult
B.
virtual
C.
real
D.
social
9.A.
satisfaction
B.
duty
C.
belonging
D.
curiosity
10.A.
understand
B.
train
C.
protect
D.
regulate
11.A.
Therefore
B.
Moreover
C.
Thus
D.
However
12.A.
change
B.
criticize
C.
shape
D.
motivate
13.A.
encouraged
B.
challenged
C.
agreed
D.
realized
14.A.
difference
B.
tension
C.
balance
D.
conflict
15.A.
observation
B.
recognition
C.
determination
D.
judgment
四、Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
If
your
in-box
is
currently
reporting
unread
messages
in
the
hundreds
or
thousands,
you
might
have
a
hard
time
believing
the
news:
e-mail
is
on
the
decline.
At
first
thought,
that
might
seem
to
be
the
case.
The
incoming
generation,
after
all,
doesn’t
do
e-mail.
Oh,
they
might
have
an
account.
They
use
it
only
as
we
would
use
a
fax
machine:
as
a
means
to
communicate
with
old-school
folks
like
their
parents
or
to
fulfill
the
sign-up
requirements
of
Web
sites.
They
rarely
check
it,
though.
Today’s
instant
electronic
memos—such
as
texting
and
Facebook
and
Twitter
messages—are
more
direct,
more
concentrated,
more
efficient.
They
go
without
the
salutation
(称呼语)
and
the
signoff
(签收);
we
already
know
the
“to”
and
“from.”
Many
corporations
are
moving
to
messaging
networks
for
exactly
that
reason:
more
signal,
less
noise
and
less
time.
This
trend
is
further
evidence
that
store-and-forward
systems
such
as
e-mail
and
voicemail
are
outdated.
Instead
of
my
leaving
you
a
lengthy
message
that
you
pick
up
later,
I
can
now
send
you
an
easily-read
message
that
you
can
read—and
respond
to—on
the
go.
The
coming
of
the
mobile
era
is
responsible
for
the
decline
of
e-mail.
Instant
written
messages
bring
great
convince
to
people.
They
can
deal
with
them
at
about
any
time:
before
a
movie,
in
a
taxi,
waiting
for
lunch.
And
because
these
messages
are
very
brief,
they’re
suitable
for
smart
phone
typing.
Does
this
mean
e-mail
is
on
its
way
to
the
dustbin
of
digital
history?
Not
necessarily.
E-mail
still
has
certain
advantages.
On
the
other
hand,
tweets
and
texts
feel
ephemeral—you
read
them,
then
they’re
gone,
into
an
endless
string,
e-mail
still
feels
like
something
you
have
and
that
you
can
file,
search
and
return
to
later.
It’s
easy
to
imagine
that
it
will
continue
to
feel
more
appropriate
for
formal
communications:
agreements,
important
news,
longer
explanations.
So,
e-mail
won’t
go
away
completely.
Remember,
we’ve
been
through
a
transition
(过度)
like
this
not
so
long
ago:
when
e-mail
was
on
the
rise,
people
said
that
postal
mail
was
dead.
That’s
not
how
it
works.
Postal
mail
found
its
smaller
market,
and
so
will
e-mail.
New
technology
rarely
replaces
old
one
completely;
it
just
adds
new
alternatives.
1.
What
would
the
incoming
generation
like
to
do
with
their
e-mail
accounts?
A.
Check
bank
accounts.
B.
Send
long
messages.
C.
Fill
in
some
forms.
D.
Communicate
with
their
colleagues.
2.
Which
of
the
following
is
mainly
discussed
in
paragraphs
3
and
4?
A.
The
possible
reasons
behind
the
decline
of
e-mail
B.
The
likes
and
dislikes
of
the
young
generation
C.
The
rapid
development
of
e-communication
channels
D.
Evidence
about
the
uncertain
future
of
easily-consumed
messages
3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“ephemeral”
in
paragraph
5
mean?
A.
Automatically-sending
B.
Randomly-written
C.
Hardly-
recognized
D.
Shortly-appearing
4.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
It’s
too
early
to
determine
the
decline
of
e-mail.
B.
E-mail
has
reasons
to
exist
with
its
own
advantages.
C.
E-mail,
just
like
postal
mail
has
come
to
its
end.
D.
We
should
feel
sorry
for
the
decline
of
e-mail.
(B)
The
Film:
The
Great
Gatsby
(Based
on
Fitzgerald’s
Novel
The
Great
Gatsby
)
Director:
Baz
Luhrmann
Cast:
Leonardo
DiCaprio
as
Jay
Gatsby
Film
Reviews:
If
you
have
never
read
the
classic
F.
Scott
Fitzgerald’s
novel
The
Great
Gatsby,
now
is
your
chance
to
catch
up
—
by
watching
the
latest
film
adaptation.
Because
if
there’s
one
sentence
to
sum
up
the
film,
it
would
be:
It’s
just
like
the
book.
The
use
of
music
is
almost
reason
enough
to
see
the
film.
Baz
Luhrmann
is
at
his
best
mixing
visual
and
musical
styles
together
to
create
something
wholly
original,
for
example,
in
one
of
the
most
outstanding
scenes
in
the
film,
the
first
party
scene,
Nick
walks
quickly
from
one
party
guest
to
another
party
guest
trying
to
explain
all
the
gossip
about
Gatsby
until
he
is
finally
introduced
to
the
man
himself,
while
the
most
stirring
version
of
Rhapsody
in
Blue
(蓝色狂想曲),
which
was
composed
by
American
musician
George
Gershwin
in
1924,
is
played
in
the
background.
─
Fox
News
Director
Baz
Luhrmann’s
main
challenge
was
either
to
find
a
visual
equivalent
(相等物)
for
Fitzgerald’s
elegant
quality
—
the
open
secret
of
the
book’s
popularity
for
so
long
time
–
or
to
match
his
own
unusual
personal
strengths
with
the
material.
He
tries
it
both
ways,
with
considerable
degrees
of
success.
Leonardo
DiCaprio
does
a
good
and
professional
job
as
the
socialite
(社会名流)
by
recreating
Fitzgerald’s
description
of
Gatsby’s
charm.
He
can
look
at
someone
for
an
instant
and
understand
how,
perfectly,
he
or
she
wants
to
be
seen.
─
Time
MagazineAbout
the
Book
and
the
Main
Character:
Considered
to
be
Fitzgerald’s
representative
work,
The
Great
Gatsby
explores
themes
of
idealism,
resistance
to
change,
social
change,
and
excess,
creating
a
portrait
of
the
Jazz
Age
or
the
Roaring
Twenties
that
has
been
described
as
a
tale
regarding
the
American
Dream.
Nick,
the
narrator,
moves
to
New
York
for
the
summer
to
visit
his
cousin
Daisy.
His
next-door
neighbor
is
Jay
Gatsby
(Leonardo
DiCaprio),
who
rarely
contacts
with
others
and
is
said
to
be
a
hero
of
the
Great
War.
Gatsby
claims
to
have
attended
Oxford
University,
but
the
evidence
is
suspect.
As
Nick
learns
more
about
Gatsby,
every
detail
about
him
seems
questionable,
except
his
love
for
the
Daisy.
Though
Daisy
is
married,
Gatsby
still
loves
her
as
his
“golden
girl”.
They
first
met
when
she
was
a
young
lady
from
a
wealthy
family
and
he
was
a
working-class
military
officer.
Daisy
promised
to
wait
for
his
return
from
the
war.
However,
she
married
Tom,
a
classmate
of
Nick’s.
Having
obtained
a
great
fortune,
Gatsby
sets
out
to
win
her
back
again.
1.
The
Fox
News
review
mentioned
the
first
party
scene
in
the
film
to
________.
A.
reveal
the
fact
that
Nick
wants
to
know
more
about
Gatsby
B.
show
the
version
of
Rhapsody
in
Blue
matches
the
film
well
C.
prove
that
the
director
is
good
at
combining
visual
and
music
D.
convince
us
that
the
first
scene
is
perfectly
filmed
by
the
director
2.
According
to
Time
Magazine,
what
did
Baz
Luhrmann
do
to
make
the
film
a
success?
A.
He
adapted
the
story
in
the
novel
as
he
wished.
B.
He
made
the
film
more
powerful
than
the
book.
C.
He
mixed
his
style
with
the
elegance
of
the
book.
D.
He
changed
the
story
to
meet
his
own
style.
3.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
used
to
describe
Gatsby?
A.
Faithful
and
warm-hearted.
B.
Charming
and
professional.
C.
Selfish
and
timid.
D.
Mysterious
and
devoted.
(C)
The
British
Medical
Journal
recently
featured
a
strong
response
to
what
was
judged
an
inappropriately
merciful
reaction
by
a
medical
school
to
a
student
cheating
in
an
examination.
Although
we
have
insufficient
reliable
data
about
the
extent
of
this
phenomenon,
its
prevention,
or
its
effective
management,
much
can
be
concluded
and
acted
upon
on
the
basis
of
common
sense.
There
is
general
agreement
that
there
should
be
zero
tolerance
of
cheating
in
a
profession
based
on
trust
and
one
on
which
human
lives
depend.
It
is
reasonable
to
assume
that
cheaters
in
medical
school
will
be
more
likely
than
others
to
continue
to
act
dishonestly
with
patients,
colleagues,
and
government.
The
behaviours
under
question
are
multifactorial
in
origin.
There
are
familial
(家庭的),
religious,
and
cultural
values
that
are
acquired
long
before
medical
school.
For
example,
countries,
cultures,
and
subcultures
exist
where
bribes
and
dishonest
behaviour
are
very
normal.
There
are
secondary
schools
in
which
neither
staff
nor
students
tolerate
cheating
and
others
where
cheating
is
common;
there
are
homes
which
cultivate
young
people
with
high
standards
of
moral
behaviour
and
others
which
leave
moral
training
to
the
harmful
influence
of
television
and
the
market
place.
Medical
schools
reflect
society
and
cannot
be
expected
to
remedy
all
the
ills
of
a
society.
The
selection
process
of
medical
students
might
be
expected
to
favour
applicants
with
positive
moral
behaviour.
Medical
schools
should
be
the
major
focus
of
attention
for
cultivating
future
doctors
with
moral
sensitivity.
Unfortunately
there
are
troubling
data
that
suggest
that
during
medical
school
the
moral
behaviour
of
medical
students
does
not
necessarily
improve;
indeed,
moral
development
may
actually
stop
or
even
regress
(倒退).
It
is
critical
that
the
academic
and
clinical
leaders
of
the
institution
set
a
personal
example
on
moral
behaviour.
Medical
schools
must
do
something
to
make
sure
that
their
students
are
expected
to
be
clear
from
day
one.
The
development
of
a
school’s
culture
of
moral
behaviour
requires
cooperation
with
the
students
in
which
they
play
an
active
role
in
its
creation
and
developing.
Moreover,
the
school’s
examination
system
and
general
treatment
of
students
must
be
fair.
Finally,
the
treatment
of
infractions
(违规)
must
be
firm,
fair,
transparent
(透明的).
1.
What
does
the
author
say
about
cheating
in
medical
schools?
A.
Extensive
research
has
been
done
about
this
phenomenon.
B.
We
have
sufficient
data
to
prove
that
prevention
is
possible.
C.
We
know
that
this
phenomenon
exists
in
every
medical
school.
D.
We
still
need
more
reliable
data
to
know
how
serious
it
is.
2.
According
to
the
author,
it
is
important
to
prevent
cheating
in
medical
schools
because
________.
A.
the
medical
profession
is
based
on
trust.
B.
there
is
zero
tolerance
of
cheating
in
medicine.
C.
the
medical
profession
depends
on
the
government.
D.
cheating
exists
extensively
in
medical
schools.
3.
Which
of
the
following
statements
will
the
author
probably
agree
with?
A.
Medical
schools
should
make
a
less
competitive
environment
for
students.
B.
Outstanding
people
should
create
a
set
of
moral
standards
to
be
followed.
C.
Medical
students
should
be
positive
in
creating
and
preserving
moral
behavior.
D.
We
should
focus
on
the
cause-and-effect
of
the
cheating
in
exams
in
medical
schools.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
implied
from
the
passage?
A.
It
makes
little
sense
to
talk
about
medical
school
student
cheating
in
exams.
B.
Medical
schools
haven’t
been
doing
well
to
help
students
develop
morally.
C.
Cheating
in
exams
is
tolerable
outside
of
medical
school
circle.
D.
Elimination
of
exams
helps
cultivate
healthier
characters
of
medical
school
students.
五、Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1.
影视剧中虚构的情节往往被误认为是真实生活。(mistake)
2.
别过于频繁地修改用户名和密码，否则你会陷入尴尬的局面。(or)
3.
只有通过反复实践，才能提高你的驾驶技术，并最终通过多项严格考试。(Only)
4.
今年年末，上海所有的公共收费停车场都将使车主能使用数字支付，比如交通卡、支付宝、微信和ETC。(enable)
