中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
牛津深圳（广州）版七年级下册
Unit
6
Electricity
语法：情态动词
知识点讲解
一、情态动词的含义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词的原形
(?http:?/??/?baike.?/?view?/?2992327.htm?)构成谓语。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can
(could),
may
(might),
must,
need,
shall
(should),
will
(would)。
二、情态动词的特征
有一定的词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。
例如：We
must
stay
here.
无人称和数的变化（have
to例外，如在一般现在时态下用于第三人称单数时用has
to）。
例如：I
can
sing
an
English
song.
Yang
Li
can
also
sing
an
English
song.
后接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。
例如：You
should
do
your
homework
now.
具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简单答语。
例句：---
Can
you
come
to
my
birthday
party?
---Sorry.I
can't.I
have
to
study
for
my
test.
情态动词的用法
1、can,could
的用法
情态动词
用法及含义
例句
can
1.表现在的能力，意为：会，能
We
can
speak
a
little
English.
2.表请求或许可，意为：能，可以
Can
you
help
me
with
my
English?
3.表有把握的否定猜测，意为：一定不...
That
can't
be
Mr.
Wang.
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
could
1.表过去的能力，意为：会，能
He
could
ride
the
horse
at
the
age
of
six.
2.表委婉请求，比can更委婉，疑问句
Could
you
lend
me
your
dictionary?
3.表无把握的猜测，意为：可能...
It
could
be
his
eraser,
but
I'm
not
sure.
【拓展】辨析：can与be
able
to
can
be
able
to
can与be
able
to
表示能力时，意思相同。
can只有现在时和过去时could，不能表示将来的能力；eg：Roy
couldn't
swim
last
year,
but
now
he
can.
罗伊去年不会游泳,但现在他会了。
be
able
to既可表现在或过去能力，又可指将来具备的能力。eg：Kate
will
be
able
to
drive
when
she
is
18
years
old.
凯特18岁时就能开车了。
【即时演练】
1.---It
must
be
John
who
is
in
the
office.
---I’m
sure
it
______
be
John.
I
saw
him
off
at
the
railway
station
just
twenty
minutes
ago.
A.
won’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
D.
needn’t
2.---______
you
swim?---Yes,
but
I’m
not
a
good
swimmer.
A.
Can
B.
May?
?
?
C.
Need
?
?
?
D.
Must
3.---Mum,
may
I
go
to
see
a
film
with
my
cousin?
---You
__________
go
if
you
have
finished
your
homework.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
should
D.
can
4.Finish
your
homework
first,
then
you’ll
_______
watch
TV
for
an
hour.
A.
can
B.
be
able
to
C.
able
D
could
5.
“What
I
do
for
you?”
means
“
I
help
you?”
A.
can;
Must
B.
shall;
Need
C.
can;
Can
D.
will;
shall
6.
Neither
he
nor
his
children
able
to
play
table
tennis.
A.
can
be
B.
could
C.
is
D.
are
2、may,
might的用法
情态动词
用法及含义
例句
may
表请求或许可，意为：可以
You
may
leave
now.
表无把握的推测，意为：可能，也许
This
pen
may
be
Cindy's.
She
likes
pink
best.
表祝福与愿望，用于祈使句
May
you
return
soon!
might
请求或许可，语气比may更委婉
Might
I
ask
you
a
question?
表推测，意为：可能，可能性低于may
He
is
away
from
school.
He
might
be
sick.
may的过去式，意为：可能
She
was
worried
that
we
might
get
hurt.
【即时演练】
1.—Do
you
have
any
plans
for
this
weekend?
—I'm
not
sure.
I
______
go
climbing
Mount
Yuntai.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
may
D.
can
2.—
Where
are
you
going
this
month?
—
We______
go
to
Xiamen,
but
we’re
not
sure.
A.
needn’t
B.
must
C.
might
D.
mustn’t
3.---There
is
somebody
knocking
at
the
door.
Who________
it
be?
---I’m
not
sure.
It
________
be
a
postman.
A.
may;
must
B.
will;
can
C.
can;
may
D.
may;
will
4.
I
have
a
word
with
the
teacher,
sir?
A.
Will
B.
Would
C.
May
D.
Should
5.
—
May
I
go
now?
—
No,
you
.
You
stay
here.
A.
needn’t;
have
to
B.
needn’t;
must
C.
mustn’t;
have
to
D.
mustn’t;
has
to
3、must的用法
情态动词must
表示命令、义务或要求，意为：必须；例如：We
must
tell
the
truth
to
our
parents.
我们必须把真想告诉我们的父母。
must表示有把握的肯定推测，意为：一定……；例如：Harry's
been
driving
all
day—he
must
be
tired.
哈里一整天都在开车—他一定累了。
mustn't意为：严禁，决不能，不表示有把握的否定猜测，can't表示有把握的否定猜测。例如：You
must
smoke
here.
你不能在这里吸烟。
That
man
can't
be
Mr.
Smith.
He
has
gone
to
Hong
Kong.那个男人不可能是史密斯先生。他已经去香港了。
以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用
needn't。needn't表
“不需要，不必”，相当于don't
have
to。例如：—Must
we
finish
the
work
today?
—Yes,
you
must./
No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to.
我们必须要今天完成工作吗？
是的，必须。/
不，不必。
【拓展】辨析：must与have
to
must
have
to
must和have/has
to的均意为：必须，可互换使用。
must常用于表示主观意愿，意为：必须，应该。例如：We
must
work
hard
at
school.
在学校我们必须努力学习。
haves
to常用于强调客观需要，意为：得，必须，不得不；例如：We'll
have
to
ask
Zhang
Hong.
我们必须去问张红了。
【即时演练】
1.—Whose
is
the
pencil
box?
—It_______
be
Tom's.
Look
at
his
name
on
the
cover!
A.
can
B.
may
C.
must
D.
need
2.—
_______I
turn
down
the
radio
now?
—
No,
you
.
A.
Must;
mustn’t
B.
Must;
needn’t
C.
Need;
can’t
D.
Need;
won’t
3.
—Must
we
finish
copying
all
these
articles
this
morning?
—
No,
you
.
A.
mustn’t
B.
haven’t
C.
not
have
to
D.
don’t
have
to
4.The
magazine
____
Lucy's.
We
can
see
her
name
on
the
cover.
A.
mustn't
be
B.
can't
be
C.
must
be
D.
needn't
be
6.---
I
can't
give
up
smoking,
doctor.
---For
your
health,
I'm
afraid
you
________.
A.
may
B.
can
C.
have
to
4.重难点梳理：
（1）情态动词can,
may,
must表示猜测的用法
情态动词
表示“猜测”
例句
can
表示可能性，常用于否定句表示“不可能”，疑问句表示“会…吗？”
Can
it
be
true?那会是真的吗？It
cannot
be
true.
may
表猜测，通常只用于陈述句表示“可能，也许”
You
may
be
right.你可能是对的。
must
表猜测，暗含有很大的可能性表示“肯定，一定”
He
must
be
ill.
He
looks
so
pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
【即时演练】
(
)1.----
This
pair
of
shoes
________
belong
to
Jack.
He
likes
this
kind
very
much.
----
It
_______
be
his.
It’s
too
large
for
him.
A.
can;
can’t
B.
may;
needn’t
C.
must;
mustn’t
D.
must;
can’t
(
)2.
----Who
is
the
man
over
there?
Is
it
Mr.
Li?
----
No,
it
______
be
him.
Mr.
Li
is
much
taller.
A.
mustn't
B.
won't
C.
can't
D.
needn't
(
)3.
----
What
would
you
send
to
your
sister
as
the
Christmas
gift?
----
I
am
not
sure.
I
______
send
her
a
hand
bag.
A.
shall
B.
may
C.
must
D.
need
(
)4.
----
Excuse
me,
where
are
we
going
to
have
our
class
meeting?
----I’m
not
sure.
Ask
our
teacher,
please.
He
_
know.
A.
can
B.
may
C.
need
D.
shall
(
)5.
---
Where
is
mom
now?
---
I’m
not
sure.
She
_____
be
in
the
kitchen.
A.
shall
B.
may
C.
need
D.
must
not
(
)6.
---
Why
didn’t
Tracy
come
to
school
today?
---
She
______
be
sick.
She
didn’t
feel
well
yesterday.
A.
must
B.
might
C.
may
D.
can
（2）含有can,
may,
must疑问句及其回答
◆
以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用
can和
can’t。could
提问，多用can回答。
---
Could
I
…?
我可以…吗？
---
Of
course
you
can.当然可以。
◆
对May
引出的疑问句，回答可以有下列方式：
(1)Yes,
of
course.
(2)
Yes,
certainly.
(3)
Sure.
(4)No,
you
mustn't.
(5)
No,
you
can't.
◆
对Must
引出的疑问句，肯定回答用Yes,
…must;
否定回答用No,…needn't.
=
No,
…don't
have
to.
如：----
Must
I
stay
here
alone?
我必须独自待在这儿吗？
肯定回答：Yes,
you
must.
是的，你必须。
否定回答：No,
you
needn't.
=
No,
you
don't
have
to
不，你不必。
【即时演练】
(
)1.----
Mr
Wang,
must
I
come
again
on
Sunday
morning
to
clean
the
windows?
----
No,
you
_________.I
have
asked
others
to
do
it.
A.
don’t
have
to
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
D.
shouldn’t
(
)2.
----
I
take
some
photos
in
the
hall?
----No,
you
.
A.
Can;
needn't
B.
Must;
mustn't
C.
Could;
won't
D.
May;
mustn't
(
)3.---
______
I
finish
my
homework
today?
---
No,
you
needn't.
A.
Can
B.
Must
C.
May
D.
Shall
(
)4.---
May
I
go
now?
---
No.
You
______
let
the
teacher
know
first.
A.
need
B.
must
C.
can
D.
may
(
)5.
----
Could
I
look
at
your
pictures??
----Yes,
of
course
you
_________.
A.
could
B.
can?
C.
will
D.
might
(
)6.---
Mum,
can
I
go
to
the
movies
today?
---
Sure,
but
you
finish
your
school
work
first.
A.
can
B.
can’t
C.
must
D.
needn’t
★以下为培优拓展内容
4.情态动词had
better的用法
had
better
+
动词原形，常用于提建议，没有人称和数的变化，意为：最好做某事，其否定句式为：had
better
not
do
sth。
例如：You
had
better
exercise
more.你最好多锻炼。
5.
情态动词shall(
should),
will(
would)的用法
shall
用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或请求。例如：Shall
I
open
the
window?
我打开窗户好吗?
Shall
we
have
lunch
here?
我们在这儿吃午饭好吗?
should
应该，常用来表示义务或责任，也可以表示劝告和建议。例如：We
should
obey
traffic
laws.
我们应该遵守交通规则。
will
用于第二人称，表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的意愿。例如：Will
you
pass
me
the
book？
把书递给我好吗?
We
will
do
anything
for
you
我们会为你做任何事。
would
用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。例如：Would
you
tell
me
the
way
to
the
station?
你能告诉我去车站的路吗
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