Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from
1.pal n.朋友，好友；
（informal不正式，old-fashioned过时的）
pen pal 笔友
1）周末他想去见他的朋友。
He wants to meet his pals on weekends.
2）你想找一个加拿大的笔友吗？
Do you want a pen pal from Canada
2.单个国家名称前一般不加定冠词the，而合成的国家名称前需要加定冠词the。
China, Canada, America, India
the United States =the United States of America美利坚合众国
the United Kingdom =the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
3.live vi. 生活，居住
1）大象活多长时间
How long do elephants live
2）你住在哪里？
Where do you live
3）他的叔叔住在伦敦。
His uncle lives in London.
4）她住在一个靠近河流的房子里。
She lives in the house near the river.
live on sth. 以…为主食，主要吃…
5）南方人主要吃米饭。
People in the south live on rice.
live a …life=lead a …life 过着…的生活
6）那一家人过着幸福的生活。
The family live / lead a happy life.
make a living by doing 靠….谋生
7）他靠修自行车谋生。
He makes a living by repairing bikes.
live adj. （注意读音，常作定语）
活的，有生命的
8）那个市场上卖活鱼。
They sell live fish in the market.
现场/实况直播的
9）今晚我们学校有现场音乐会。
There is a live concert in our school tonight.
4.be from / come from… 来自
1）---你来自何处？
---我来自巴黎。
---Where do you come from /Where are you from
---I come from / am from Paris.
2）这个单词来自拉丁语。
The word comes from Latin.
3）这首歌来自一首著名的诗歌。
The song comes from a famous poem.
5.like的用法：
like sth.
1）我妈妈喜欢吃苹果。
My mother likes apples.
like to do sth. / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
2）我不想骑车去那里。
I don’t like to go there by bike.
3）他喜欢游泳。
He likes swimming.
would like + sth. / to do sth. / sb. to do sth
想/想要/愿意…
4）---你想喝什么？
---我想喝杯茶 。
---What would you like to drink
---I’d like some tea.
5）我想让你和我一起去那里。
I’d like you to go there with me.
6）她不想那样做。
She wouldn’t like to do that.
6.You had better （not） do sth.=You’d better （not） do sth. 你最好（不）做…
1）你最好按时回家。
You’d better go home on time.
2）你最好不要步行去那里。
You’d better not go there on foot.
3）你最好上学不要迟到。
You’d better not be late for school.
7.be busy with sth. 忙于某事
1）我妈妈正忙着做家务。
My mother is busy with the housework.
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
2）他正忙着写作业。
He is busy doing his homework.
8.stop doing sth. 停止做某事
1）请不要在课堂上说话。
Please stop talking in class.
stop to do sth. 停下（别的事）来做…
2）你整个上午都在工作，快停下来休息一下吧。
You are working all （the） morning. Please stop to have a rest.
9.let sb. do
1）让我帮你打扫教室吧。
Let me help you clean the classroom.
2）咱们现在别谈论这件事了吧。
Let’s not talk about it now.
3）咱们去踢球，好吗？
Let’s play soccer, shall we
4）（你）让我们坐车去那里，行吗？
Let us go there by bus, will you
10.help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
1）他经常放学后帮我数学。
He often helps me with my math after school.
help （to） do sth. 帮助做某事
2）我们在家必须帮着做家务。
We must help （to） do the housework at home.
help sb. （to） do sth. 帮助某人做某事
3）你经常帮妈妈做晚饭吗？
Do you often help your mother （to） cook dinner
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁
4）我们情不自禁地大笑起来。
We couldn’t help laughing. （过去时）
5）我情不自禁地想起我的童年时代。
I can’t help thinking of my childhood.
help oneself （to sth） 自己取（…食用）
6）不客气，请用吧。
Help yourself, please.
7）请随便吃些水果吧。
Please help yourself to some fruit.
11.Why do sth 为什么做…
1）为什么那样做？
Why do that
Why not do sth 为什么不做…
2）为什么不坐车去那里呢？
Why not go there by bus
3）为什么不早点告诉我
Why not tell me earlier
12.be good at +名词／代词／doing
1）他擅长足球。
He is good at football.
2）她擅长唱歌跳舞。
She is good at singing and dancing.
at是介词。介词后面加：名词、代词、动名词。
常用的有at, in, on, about，for , to, without, by, with, of等。
3）他对篮球很感兴趣。
He is interested in basketball.
4）他对打篮球很感兴趣。
He is interested in playing basketball.
5）和我一起去看电影怎么样？
What / How about going to the movie with me
13.want sth. 想要某物
1）---你想要什么？
---我想买件毛衣。
---What do you want
---I want a sweater.
want to do sth. 想做某事
2）他想加入音乐俱乐部吗？
Does he want to join the music club
want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
3）她想让我和她一起去动物园。
She wants me to go to the zoo with her.
14.感官系动词：
look 看起来 sound 听起来
feel 摸起来 smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
它们的特点是：
A）没有进行时：
B）没有被动语态：
C）后接形容词：
D）后接like再加名词：
1）---咱们去公园散步吧！
---那听起来很有趣。
---Let’s take a walk in the park!
---That sounds interesting.
2）这个城市看起来很美。
The city looks very beautiful
3）这张纸摸起来很软。
This piece of paper feels soft.
4）这道菜闻/尝起来像鱼。
The dish smells / tastes like fish.
5）那听起来是个不错的注意。
That sounds like a good idea.
6）我今天感觉不舒服。
I am not feeling well today.
此处的feel也是个系动词，意思是“感觉”，而不是“摸起来”之意。所以此用法有进行时态。
15. 情态动词can, may, must等后接动词原形。
1）他会弹吉他。
He can play the guitar.
2）---我可以问你一个问题吗？
---当然可以。
---May I ask you a question
---Sure / Certainly.
3）她每天必须在5点之前到家。
She must get home before 5 every day.
Target Language （目标语言）
·---Where is your pen pal from
---She’s from……
·---What language does she speak
---She speaks……
·---Where does she live
---She lives ……
1.---他来自哪里？
---他来自日本。（P1）
---Where is he from // Where does he come from
---He’s from Japan. // He comes from Japan.
拓展：1） ---你的国籍是什么？
---我是中国人。
---What’s your nationality
---I am Chinese.（Chinese是形容词，不用冠词）
2） ---迈克的国籍是什么？
---他是美国人。
---What’s Mike’s nationality
---He is American. （ American是形容词，不用冠词）
2. speak vt 说（语言）；vi. 说话；发言
1）---他说什么语言？
---他说英语。 （P3）
---What language does he speak
---He speaks English.
2）他说什么语言，英语还是法语？
Which language does he speak, English or French
3）老师在和迈克的爸爸说话。
The teacher is speaking to Mike’s father.
4）谁要在会上发言？
Who will speak at the meeting
tell vt 讲（故事/实话/谎言）；告诉；
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. （双宾语）
5）我奶奶经常给我讲故事。
My grandmother often tells stories to me.= My grandmother often tells me stories.
6）不要说谎话！
Don’t tell lies / a lie!
7）我明天告诉她这个消息。
I will tell her the news tomorrow.
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
8） 请告诉他明天按时来上学。
Please tell him to come to school on time tomorrow.
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事
9）请告诉孩子们不要在街道上踢球。
Please tell the kids not to play soccer on / in the street.
talk vi. 说话，谈话
10）那个孩子正在学说话。
The child is learning to talk.
11）他们谈了大约一小时。
They talked for about an hour.
talk to sb. / talk with sb. 和某人谈话
12） 老师正在和他谈话。
The teacher is talking to / with him.
talk about sth/sb. 谈论某事/某人
13）他们正在谈论那部新电影。
They are talking about the new movie.
14）你们在谈论谁？
Who are you talking about
say vt.说（后面接说话的内容）
say sth to sb. 和某人说…
15）关于这件事他什么也没和我说。
He said nothing to me about it.
16）她在会上说什么了？
What did she say at the meeting
17）他常说他最喜欢的科目是数学。
He often says （that） his favorite subject is math.
3.some 与any的区别：（P83听力材料）
some 一般用在肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
1）他有一些好朋友。
He has some good friends.
2）杯子里有一些水。
There’s some water in the cup.
any 一般用在否定句、疑问句中，可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
3）周末她没有课。
She doesn’t have any classes on weekends.
4）你有兄弟姐妹吗？
Do you have any brothers or sisters
some 用在疑问句中，表示希望得到肯定回答。
5）你能借给我一些钱吗？
Could you please lend me some money
6）你想喝点茶吗？
Would you like some tea
any 用在肯定句中,意思是“无论哪一…”
7）你可以选任何一本书。
You may choose any book on the shelf.
8）---我下周什么时候来看你？
---任何一天都可以。
---When shall I come to see you next week
---Come any day you like.
4.---Is that your new pen pal （P4 2c）
---Yes, it is.
注意：this, that的问句，必须用it来回答。
1）---Is this your cousin, Mike
---No, it isn’t. It’s my friend.
比较：
2）---Is Mike your cousin
---Yes, he is.
3）---Is the woman your math teacher
---No, she isn’t. She’s my Chinese teacher.
5.I live in Toronto, Canada. （ P5 3a）
我住在加拿大的多伦多。
在英语中，表达几个地点时，要由小到大。
我的叔叔住在澳大利亚悉尼。
My uncle lives in Sydney, Australia.
6.我认为中国是一个很有趣的国家。（ P5 3a）
I think China is a very interesting country.
宾语从句China is a very interesting country。think后省略了连接词that。
我奶奶认为京剧很有意思。
My grandmother thinks （that） Beijing Opera is very interesting.
7. I can speak a little French. （P5 3a）
我会说一点法语。
little 几乎没有；a little 有一点，它们后接不可数名词或指代不可数名词。
1）快点！快没时间了。
Hurry up! There is little time left.
2）我们这里冬天有一点雪。
We have a little snow here in winter.
3）他早餐几乎没吃/吃了一点。
He has little / a little for breakfast.
few 几乎没有；a few有几个，它们后接可数名词的复数形式或指代可数名词。
4）她在班里几乎没有朋友。
She has few friends in her class.
5）我们班上有几个学生在学校吃晚饭。
A few students in our class have dinner at school.
6）这个问题很难，几乎没人懂。
The question is too hard and few can understand it.
only / just a few+可数名词 “只有几个”
only / just a little +不可数名词“只有一些”。
7）我只有几本英语书。
I have only a few English books.
8）---你会说法语吗？
--- 是的。只会一点。
---Can you speak French
---Yes, just / only a little./ Yes, I can speak only / just a little French.
8. 我喜欢和朋友一起去看电影和做运动。
I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. （ P5 3a）
或：I like to go to the movies with my friends and play sports.
再例如：
She likes apples and bananas.
注意：like 后面跟并列成分。
9. too adv. 太过，过分（常放在形容词或副词之前） （P5 3a）
1）他做那项工作未免太年轻了。
He is too young for the job.
2）你走得太快了我跟不上。
You walk too fast for me to follow.
too…to… 太…而不能…
3）这个女孩太小不能上学。
The girl is too young to go to school.
10.Can you write to me soon （P5 3a）
你能尽快给我写信吗？
给某人写信
write to sb. = write a letter to sb. =write sb
1）我一个月给我的笔友写一次信。
I write to my pen pal once a month.
2）你能写信并告诉我关于你的学校情况吗？
Can you write and tell me about your school Unit 2 Where’s the post office
Words
1.post （Br.E 英式） mail （Am.E 美式）
n. 邮件；邮寄；
1）今天没有你的邮件。
There’s no post / mail for you today.
post office 邮局
2）邮局在银行和超市之间。
The post office is between the bank and the supermarket.
邮递员 postman
3）他的叔叔是个邮递员。
His uncle is a postman.
vt. 邮寄；张贴
4）你能帮我把信寄上吗？
Could you please post the letter for me
海报 poster n.
5）咱们去那边看一下那个新电影的海报。
Let’s see the poster of the new movie over there.
2. library cn. 图书馆
1）--迈克在哪里？
--他在图书馆。
--Where’s Mike
--He’s in the library.
librarian cn. 图书管理员
2）琳达的妈妈是个图书管理员。
Linda’s mother is a librarian.
reading room cn. 阅览室
3）在阅览室里请保持安静。
Please be / keep quiet in the reading room.
study cn. 书房 un. 研究
4）我爸爸正在他的书房里看报纸。
My father is reading newspapers in his study.
3. bank n. 银行；
1）他在银行里几乎没有钱。
He has little money in the bank.
n. 河岸
2）河岸上有一只青蛙。
There’s a frog on the river bank.
banker n. 银行家
4.supermarket n. 超市
1）--在这附近有超市吗？---有。/没有。
--Is there a supermarket near here
--Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
super adj. 超级的
2）我认为姚明是个超级篮球明星。
I think Yao Ming is a super basketball star.
superman n. 超人
3）你想成为超人吗？
Do you want to be a superman
market n. 市场
4）你在市场上可以买到各种各样的新鲜蔬菜。
You can buy all kinds of fresh vegetables in the market.
5. pay n. 薪水
1）同工同酬。
Equal pay for equal work.
vt. 付钱买… pay… for sth.
2）我花了80元买这本字典。
I paid 80 yuan for the dictionary.
3）这双鞋你花了多少钱？
How much did you pay for the shoes
pay the bill 结帐 pay the gas bill 交煤气费
4）饭后谁来结帐？
Who will pay the bill after dinner
6. park n.公园
1）我们经常去公园散步。
We often take/go for a walk in the park.
vt. 停车
2）不要把车停在这里。把它停在（地上）停车场。
Don’t park your car here. Park it in the parking lot.
7. turn vi. 转身
1）他转身走了。
He turned and walked away.
2）沿着路走，在第二个路口向右拐。
Walk down the street and turn right at the second crossing.
n. 轮流；依次
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
3）轮到你擦黑板了。
It’s your turn to clean the blackboard.
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
4）这对双胞胎姐妹轮流照顾生病住院的母亲。
The twin sisters take turns to look after their mother in hospital.
8. right n. 权利
1）你有选举权吗？
Do you have the right to vote
n. 右边
2）我可以看到在我的右边有一家超市。
I can see a supermarket on my right.
n. 正确
3）你能辨别是非吗？
Can you tell right from wrong
adj. 正确的
4）谁能给我正确答案？
Who can give me the right answer
adj. 右边的
5）你的右手里有什么？
What’s in your right hand
9. open vt. 打开 （表动作）
1）打开门让新鲜空气进来。
Open the door and let fresh air in.
adj. 开门营业的，开着的 （表状态）
2）那家商店从上午九点到下午六点营业。
The store is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m..
3）不要关门。请让它开着。
Don’t close the door. Please keep it open.
4）我太困了，眼睛都睁不开了。
I am too sleepy to keep my eyes open.
10. clean vt. （扫、擦等）干净
1）让我帮你打扫教室吧！
Let me help you （to） clean the classroom.
clean up 彻底清扫
2）我们每周都要彻底清扫校园。
We clean up our school campus every week.
clean out 彻底清理（内部）；
3）妈妈经常让我清理一下冰箱。
My mother often asks me to clean out the fridge / refrigerator.
adj. 干净的
4）我们的教室干净又明亮。
Our classroom is clean and bright. （表语）
5）生物需要干净的水和空气。
Living things need clean water and air. （定语）
6）我们必须保持教室的清洁。
We must keep our classroom clean. （宾补）
adj. 无不良/违章记录的
7）爸爸没有违章驾驶纪录。
My father has a clean driving licence. （英式）
My father has a clean driver’s license. （美式）
11. enjoy vt. 喜欢，后接n. / 代词 / doing
1）你喜欢这部电影吗？
Do you enjoy the movie
2）他们在这次聚会上玩得很开心。
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
3）那位老人喜欢饭后在公园里散步。
The old man enjoys taking a walk in the park after meals.
mind, finish, practice + doing sth.
介意 / 完成 / 练习 做某事（也有此种用法）
12. tour n. 观光
1）你喜欢这次在北京的观光吗？
Do you enjoy / like the tour in Beijing
2）她的叔叔是一个导游。
Her uncle is a tour guide.
tourist n. 游客
3）在寒假海南有很多观光客。
There are many tourists in Hainan during the winter vacation.
touristy adj. 拥挤的，游客多的
tourism n. 旅游业
13. visit vt. 参观，访问；
1）这些来访者想参观故宫。
The visitors want to visit the Palace Museum.
vt. 看望
2）你多长时间去看望祖父母一次？
How often do you visit your grandparents
visitor n.参观者，访问者
3）每年秋天长城会有很多游客。
There are many visitors to the Great Wall in autumn.
14. If conj. 如果（引导条件状语从句：主将从现）
1）如果明天天气好，我们就去公园散步。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will take a walk in the park.
conj. （引导宾语从句）是否 =whether
2）我不知道明天他是否能按时来。
I don’t know if he will be here on time tomorrow.
15. arrive vi. 到达 arrive+adv.
arrive in +大地方 // arrive at +小地方
1）我通常放学后6点到家。
I usually arrive home at 5 o’clock after school.
2）他们几点到达北京？
What time will they arrive in Beijing
3）最后，我们按时到达了那个小村庄。
Finally, we arrived at the small village on time.
get to +n. // get +adv. 到达
4）老师经常告诉我们按时到校。
The teacher often tells us to get to school on time.
5）我爸爸每天六点到家。
My father gets home at 6 in the afternoon.
reach vt. 到达
6）信是昨天到的。
The letter reached me yesterday.
作“到达”讲时，区别：
当不加到达的地点时，只用arrive。
7）飞机已经到了吗？
Has the plane arrived
8）你能告诉我明天客人们几点到？
Can you tell me what time the visitors will arrive tomorrow
16. funny adj. 滑稽的，可笑的
1）他经常给我们讲滑稽故事。
He often tells us funny stories.
2）那个样子可笑的人是谁？
Who is the funny-looking man
fun un. 好玩，乐趣
3）孩子们经常在水里玩的很开心。
Kids often have fun playing in water.
课本知识讲解
1.There’s a bank on Center Street. （P7--1c）
在中央大街有一家银行。
“There be 句型”注意以下几点：
当表达没有生命的物或地方“有”…时，会用此句型。
此句型为倒装句，“There be”句型中的系动词be的单复数有“就近原则”，即be的单复数和靠近它的主语一致。
1）桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。
There is a book and two pens on the desk. =There are two pens and a book on the desk.
There be 句型的否定形式为：在be动词后加not。
2）那个书包里没有铅笔盒。
There isn’t a pencil case in the backpack.
3）公园里没有很多人。
There aren’t many people in the park.
There be 的疑问句为：将be动词提前。
4）---在他的房前有一棵大树吗？
---是的，有。
---Is there a tall tree in front of his house
---Yes, there is.
5）---公园里有花吗？
---不，没有。
---Are there any flowers in the park
---No, there aren’t.
在此疑问句型中，单数可数名词前常用a, 复数名词前常用any。因为there be 就是谓语“有”。
请注意以下用法：
6）操场上有一些男生踢足球。
There are some boys playing soccer on the playground.
（一定不要用play。playing为play的现在分词形式，因为表达孩子踢球，所以用现在分词playing表示主动）。
7）没时间了。（剩下的时间不多了）
There is no time left.
（此句中的left 为leave的过去分词形式，因为表达时间是被剩下，所以用过去分词left表示被动）。
2.The pay phone is across from the library.
投币式电话在图书馆对过。 （P8--2a）
当一个句子中没有行为动词“做什么”，我们常常会使用be 动词，也称系动词，它与其后面的介词短语构成“系表结构”作谓语，所以这种句子中只有“主系表”，即“主谓结构”的句子。
例如：
1）超市在邮局附近。
The supermarket is next to the post office.
across from… = across the street from…
在（马路）对面
以上这种表示“方位”的句子中，句中所出现的名词前一般要出现定冠词“the ”表示特指。
3.The library is between the restaurant and the supermarket. （P8--2b）
图书馆在餐馆和超市之间。
between 介词，“在…和…之间（两个）”。
1）那只猫正坐在简和奶奶之间。
The cat is sitting between Jane and her grandmother.
among 介词，“在…中间（很多）”。
2）老师正坐在学生们中间。
The teacher is sitting among the students.
4.Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood （P9--3a）
打扰一下，请问这附近有宾馆吗？
1）劳驾，你能告诉我最近的超市怎么走？
Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the nearest supermarket
2）我家附近有一些商店。
There are some stores in my neighborhood.
sorry 与 excuse me 的区别：
3）我听到此事感到很难过。
I’m sorry to hear that.
5.Welcome to the garden district.
欢迎来到花园地区。 （P11--3a）
Welcome to sth / to do sth… 欢迎….
1）欢迎来到我们学校。
Welcome to our school.
2）欢迎你随时使用我的电脑。
You’re welcome to use my computer at any time you like.
6.Take a walk through the park on Center Avenue. 在中央大道旁的公园里散步。（P11--3a）
take a walk = have a walk 散步
1）你想沿着公路散散步吗？
Would you like to take a walk along the street
through 介词，穿过（尤指从里面）
past 介词，经过（旁边），across 介词,横穿
2）一条河流经这座城市。
A river runs through the city.
3）我每天上班都从公园旁边经过。
I walk past the park every day on my way to work.
4）不要横穿马路。
Don’t go across the street.
7.Across from the park is an old hotel.
在公园对过是一家年久的旅馆。（P11--3a）
倒装句：为了表示上下句的衔接紧凑；有时主语太长，为避免“头重脚轻”。
1）门开了，老师进来了。
The door opened and in came the teacher.
2） Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. （P11 --3a）
在旅馆旁边是一个小房子，小房子还带有一个很有趣的花园。
8.This is the beginning of the garden tour.
这就是公园游览的开始。（P11--3a）
1）这就是我们假期的开始。
This is the beginning of our Vacation.
at the beginning of …在……开始
2）在会议开始，我们唱了一首歌。
At the beginning of the meeting, we sang a song.
3）在路的开始处，你可以看到一家宾馆。
You’ll find a hotel at the beginning of the road.
其反义词组：at the end of ….. 在……末（端）
9.Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. Bridge 大街是一个娱乐玩耍的好地方。 （P11--3b）
1）这是一个就餐的好地方。
This is a good restaurant to have dinner.
2）香港是个购物的好地方。
Hong Kong is a good place to go shopping.
3）我有话要说。
I have something to say.
4）他没有房子住。
He has no room to live in.
10.It’s there, between the restaurant and the post office. （P11--3b）
它在那边，在餐馆和邮局之间。
between the restaurant and the post office 为介词短语，是there 的同位语，进
一步解释there 指“那里”的确切位置。
1）史密斯先生，我们的英语老师，他来自美国。
Mr. Smith, our English teacher, is from America.
11.And if you’re hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. （P11--3b）
如果你饿了，你可以在超市买些吃的。
if “如果”引导的是一个条件状语从句。
1）如果你有话要说，请举手。
If you have something to say, please put up your hand.
注意：如果表示将来的时态时，在if引导的条件状语从句中，要用一般时表将来。
2）如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
12.I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日来。 （P12--3）
复合句，you are arriving next Sunday是一个宾语从句。
在英语中，come, go, leave, arrive, die 的进行时，经常用来表示将来。
1）我们下周离开。
We are leaving next week.
2）那个病人快不行了。
The patient is dying.
13.Let me tell you the way to my house. 让我告诉你无我家的路。（P12--3）
let sb do sth. “让某人做某事”
1）让我来帮你复习功课。
Let me help you with your homework.
the way to …“去…的路”，其中的to为介词。
2）你能告诉我去银行的路吗？
Can you tell me the way to the bank
3）这个孩子知道回家的路吗？
Does the child know the way home
14.When you see a big supermarket, turn left. 当你看到一家大超市时，向左拐。（P12--3）
复合句，含有一个when 引导的时间状语从句。后边是一个祈使句作主句。
1）当你遇到麻烦时，求助于他吧。
When you have trouble, ask him for help.
2）当他下周回来后，他会把照片拿给我们看的。
When he comes back next week, he will show us the photos.
when 引导的时间状语从句与if引导的条件状语从句一样，表示将来时，要用一般时表示将来时。
15.I hope you have a good trip. （P12--3）
我希望你有一个愉快的旅行。
sb. hope to do sth. “希望做某事”
1）我希望和你一起骑车去那里。
I hope to go there with you by bike.
sb. hope + （that） 宾语从句“希望某人做某事”
2）我希望明天会转晴。
I hope （that） it will be fine tomorrow.
永远不说 hope sb. to do.，hope只有以上两种用法。
wish n. 愿望 wishes祝福，祈愿
3）她的愿望就是当一名医生。
Her wish is to be a doctor.
4）请代我向你的家人问好。
Please send my best wishes to your family.
v. 希望 wish to do sth.
5）他希望跟我们一起来。
He wishes to come with us.
wish sb. to do sth 希望某人做某事
6）我希望你更谨慎。
I wish you to be more careful.
wish （that） 宾语从句 （用虚拟语气）
7）我希望我是你。
I wish （that） I were you.
8）他希望他有很多钱。
He wishes （that） he had a lot of money.
9）我希望我会飞。
I wish （that） I could fly.
在写作中不要使用此句型来表达祝愿。
祈使句
本单元语法：祈使句
· 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令。
· 祈使句因主语是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。
· 肯定结构:
1.Do型：（动词原形+其它成分）。
Please sit here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
This way, please. 请这边走。
= Go this way, please.
2. Be型：（Be + 表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分）
Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Be careful! 要小心！
3. Let型：（Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分）
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
· 否定结构:
1.Do型和Be型的否定式都在句首加don’t构成。
Don’t talk in class! 不要在课堂上说话!
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:
“Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
Don’t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走
用“Let’s”时，把谈话者和听者双方都包括在内“咱们……”；
用“Let us”时，并不包括对方。（让我们……）
（1）放学后咱们去踢球，好吗？
Let's play soccer after school, shall we
（2）让我们自己做这件事，行吗？
Let us do it by ourselves, will you
3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词／动名词”来表示。
1）禁止吸烟！
No smoking!
2）禁止停车！
No parking!
3）禁止游泳！
No swimming!
4）禁止拍照！
No photographing!Unit 4 I want to be an actor
1.shop cn. 商店（Br.E） = store （Am.E）
1） shop assistant – 店员 （英）
assistant --- helper（助理,助手,副手）
salesman / saleswoman男 /女售货员（美）
2）shopkeeper （店主）
shop的派生词有：
shopper 购物者
shop lifter 商店扒手 shop lifting 入店扒窃
shopping bag 购物袋
shopping center 购物中心（常在郊外，有设施完善的停车场，生活必需品相当齐备）
shopping mall 大型购物中心
window shopping 逛街
do some shopping 买东西
go shopping 去购物
“动词 + er = 发出动作的人”，是一种构词法。
report = reporter, clean —cleaner,
run —runner, teach — teacher,
think— thinker, write—writer,
work— worker, wait — waiter,
drive —driver, sing —singer,
swim — swimmer, read — reader,
speak — speaker, lead — leader,
dance —dancer, paint —painter…
有少数几个是加or。
actor男演员 ，visitor参观者，inventor 发明者
后缀“-or”“-er”尽管写法不一样，但是发音一样。
2.police n 警方（集合名词）
the police 为复数名词
1）警方正在找那个丢失的孩子。
The police are looking for the lost boy.
policeman / policewoman
policemen / policewomen
2）当警察很令人激动。
It’s exciting to be a policeman.
3.waiter / waitress 侍者,服务员/女服务员
actor / actress演员,男演员 / 女演员
4.station 车站,政府机关的署,局
电视台, 电台, 警察局
TV station, radio station, police station
火车站 汽车站
railway station, bus station
她的妈妈在一家电视台当记者。
Her mother works as a reporter in the TV station.
5.uniform cn.
（军人、学生、警察等的）制服
1）学生在上学的日子里要穿校服。
Students have to wear （school） uniforms on school days.
2）他穿着制服。
He is in uniform.= He is wearing a uniform.
6.dress n. 女长裙，晚礼服vt. 使…穿上
表示动作的词组：
dress sb. / oneself
put on one’s clothes
1）他穿上衣服出去了。
He dressed himself and went out.
=He put on his clothes and went out.
2）这位妈妈每天都给她的孩子穿衣服。
The mother dresses the baby every day.
表示状态的词组有：
wear clothes / long hair/ short hair /a smile / glasses
3）在学校男孩不能留长发。
Boys can’t wear long hair in school.
4）她面带笑容地进来了。
She came in, wearing a smile （on her face）.
=She came in, with a smile on her face.
have on + clothes （没有进行时）
5）今天他穿了一件新毛衣。
He has a new sweater on today.
=He has on a new sweater today.
=He is wearing a new sweater today.
be dressed in +颜色/样式； be in +颜色/样式
6）她今天穿着红色的衣服。
She is dressed in red today.=She is in red today.
=She is wearing red clothes.
=She has red clothes on today.
=She has on red clothes today.
7.dangerous （adj.） 危险的 / safe 安全的
处于危险中
be in danger （n.）
1）警察的工作是帮助处在危险中的人们，所以当警察是危险的。
The policeman’s job is helping people in danger, so it’s dangerous to be a policeman.
8.late adv. 晚,迟
工作到很晚； 起得很晚；
work late; sleep late=get up late;
熬到很晚； 来得晚
stay up late; come late
adj. 迟的,晚的
be late for sth.
1）老师经常告诉我们上学不要迟到。
The teacher often tells us not to be late for school.
2）你最好不要上学迟到。
You’d better not be late for school.
9.sometimes“有时候”，可放句首、句末、句中
1）有时候我和父母一起去公园散步。
Sometimes I take a walk in the park with my parents.
2）他有时在家看电视。
He sometimes watches TV at home.
sometime 将来某时
3）我希望明年某个时候去海南。
I hope to go to Hainan sometime next year.
some time 一段时间
4）如果他想买那辆车，还得等一段时间。
If he wants to buy that car, he’ll have to wait for some time.
some times （正式文体中无此用法）
几次 很多次
several times many times
5）我去过长城好几次了。
I have been to the Great Wall several times.
6）他试了很多次，最后终于成功了。
He tried it many times and at last he succeeded.
10.hard adj. 坚硬的；严厉的；困难的
1）这是个很难解决的问题。
It’s a hard nut to crack.
2）不要对他太严厉了，毕竟他还是个小孩子。
Don’t be too hard on him. After all, he is a little child.
3）对于她来说按时完成这项工作很困难。
It’s hard for her to finish the work on time.
adv. 努力地；剧烈地；困难地
4）他学习很努力/刻苦。
He studies very hard.
5）那天雪下得很大。
It snowed hard that day.
6）那个病人呼吸很困难。
The patient is breathing hard.
hardly adv. 几乎不
7）他家离学校不远，他几乎不坐车上学。
His home is not far from the school, so he hardly goes to school by bus.
11.teach sb. sth. （双宾语）
1）陈老师教我们历史。
Mr. Chen teaches us history.
teach sb. to do sth.
2）谁教的你骑车？
Who taught you to ride a bike
teach sb. how to do sth.
3）你能教我如何使用这台电脑吗？
Can you teach me how to use the computer
12.skill n. 技能，技巧
1）在足球上他表现出了非常熟练的技巧。
He shows great skill at soccer.
skillful adj. =skilful （Br.E） 熟练的，巧妙的
2）她擅长画画。
She is skillful in / at drawing.
=She is good at drawing.
听、说、读、写技能
listening skills / speaking skills
reading skills / writing skills
13.sir. madam
Dear Sir or Madam，
Mr. Mrs. Ms. Miss.
Dear Mr. / Mrs. /Ms. /Miss Smith,
Almost everyone knows the meanings of Mr., Mrs., and Miss.
Mr. is used before the name of men. Mrs. is for married women and Miss is for single women.
But what is Ms.
For some time, businessmen in the United States have used Ms. before a woman’s name when they do not know whether the woman is married or not. Today, however, many women prefer （更喜欢） to use Ms. rather than Mrs. or Miss.
The word Mr. does not tell us whether or not a man is married. Many women think this is an advantage for men .They want to be equal to men in this way. These women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not.
There are some problems with Ms., Not all women like it. Some like the older ways of doing things. Some find it difficult to pronounce. （Ms. sounds like “miz.”）
Generally, young women like it better than older women do. It is difficult to know whether or not Ms. will be used by more American women in the future. What do you think of this change
1.I want to be an actor. 我想成为一名演员。
“want to be + 职业”表示“想成为一名……”
1）当我大了，我想成为一名医生。
I want to be a doctor when I am older.
want sth 想要某物
2）他过生日时想要一个足球。
He wants a soccer ball for his birthday.
3）---你还要别的东西吗？
---谢谢。我什么也不要了。
---Do you want anything else
---Thanks. I want nothing else.
want to do sth / be+名词/形容词
想要做某事/想成为… /怎么样
4）你想给你的儿子买件毛衣吗？
Do you want to buy a sweater for your son
5）我的朋友想当一名警官。
My friend wants to be a police officer.
6）他很想又高又壮。
He wants to be tall and strong.
want sb to do sth. 想让某人做某事
7）周末我妈妈想让我帮助她做饭。
My mother wants me to help her with the cooking on weekends.
8）我想让他和我一起去超市。
I want him to go to the supermarket with me.
2.---What does she do
---She is a doctor. （P19—1c）
询问职业的句子有：
What does she do 她是做什么的？
What is she
What is her job / occupation
她的工作/职业是什么？
3.work 和 job 的区别：
work 劳动、用功；工作。既可作动词，又可用名词。作名词时是不可数名词。
1）今天我有很多工作要做。
I have a lot of work to do today.
2）只读书不玩耍，小孩会成为小傻瓜。（谚语）
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
3）我爸爸每天8点去上班。
My father goes to work at 8 every day.
失业 有工作 正在工作
（be） out of work （be） in work （be） at work
表示“著作、美术作品”时，works 可数。
5）你喜欢莎士比亚的著作吗？
Do you like the works of Shakespeare
6）我觉得这张桌子是一件艺术品。
I think （that） this table is an art work.
work vi. 工作；做事；读书；用功；运转
7）爸爸正在他的书房里工作。
My father is working in his study.
8）他的叔叔在一家银行里工作。
His uncle works in a bank.
9）我们班的学生们学习都很刻苦。
The students in my class are all working hard.
10）这台电脑今天出故障了。
This computer isn’t working today.
work with sb. / sth. 和…一起工作/打交道
11）银行职员与人和钱打交道。
Bank clerks work with people and money.
work hard （ at sth ） 努力学习…
12）我们都努力学习数学和英语。
We all work hard at math and English.
hard work （名词词组）艰苦的劳动
13）我觉得对我们来说那是一项艰苦的工作。
I think （that） it is hard work for us.
work for sb. 为某人/团体工作
14）如果你喜欢和人打交道，你可以来我们这里当记者。
If you like meeting people, you can work for us as a reporter.
job （一项）工作、职业, 是一个可数名词。
15）你想要一份作招待员的工作吗？
Do you want to have a job as a waiter
16）在这个城市找一份好工作很困难。
It’s difficult to find a good job in this city.
17）教书是我的工作。
Teaching is my job. = My job is teaching.
4. People give me their money or get their money from me. （P21—3a）
可以跟双宾语的词有：get sb. sth.;
give, pass, tell, show, lend（借给）; sing;
send（送去）; bring, make （制作）buy…
give sth to sb表示“把某物给某人”。
其中sth表示某物，称直接宾语；
sb表某人，称间接宾语。两者合称“双宾语”。
常见结构为：“动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语” （动词buy, make, get, sing等常与for搭配；其余与to搭配）
1）请给我那本书。
Please give me the book.
= Please give the book to me.
2）你能把你的全家福照片拿给我看看吗？
Could you please show me your family photo
= Could you please show your family photo to me
3）在我生日的那天，我妈妈给我买了一条裙子。
My mother bought me a skirt on my birthday.
= My mother bought a skirt for me on my birthday.
当直宾和间宾都是代词时，只能用“give sth to sb”结构。
4）那是我的书。请把它给我。
That’s my book. Please give it to me.
不能说： Please give me it.
5）那本杂志很有趣。请把它递给我。
The magazine is very interesting. Please pass it to me.
不能说：Please pass me it.
5.I like talking to people. （P21—3a）
talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈
1）那个男孩刚才犯错误了。老师正在和他谈话。
The boy made a mistake just now and the teacher is now talking to him.
2）我爸爸正在和一位老人交谈。
My father is talking with an old man.
talk about sb./ sth. 谈论某人或某事
3）他们正在谈论一部新电影。
They are talking about a new movie.
6.I work late. 我工作到很晚。（P21—3a）
late adj. 迟的、晚的；最新的，最近的
1）对不起，我迟到了。
I am sorry I am late.
be late for sth. （因……）迟到
2）她上课迟到了。
She is late for class.
3）老师经常告诉我们上学不要迟到。
The teacher often tells us not to be late for school.
4）最新的消息是什么？
What is the latest news
adv. （副词），修饰动词，放动词后。
5）彼得经常早晨起得晚。
Peter often gets up late in the morning.
6）你爸爸经常工作到很晚吗？
Does your father often work late at night
lately adv. 近来
7）你近来见到过她吗？
Have you seen him lately （现在完成时）
7.I am very busy when people go out to dinners.
当人们外出吃饭时，我很忙。 （P21—3a）
be busy with sth 忙于某事
1）汤姆在忙于他的作业。
Tom is busy with his homework.
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
2）他正忙于看他的书。
He is busy reading his book.
这两个短语有时可互换。
3）安在忙于学英语。
Ann is busy learning English.
= Ann is busy with her English.
when在此引导的是一个时间状语从句，用一般时表示将来。
4）当你有时间时请给我写信。
Write to me when you have time.
5）当他到家时我会给你打电话。
I will call you up when he gets home.
go out to dinner（s） = go out for dinner = eat out 出去吃饭
6）我们经常周末出去吃饭。
We often go out to / for dinner on weekends.
8.If your answer is “Yes”, then we have a job for you as a waiter. （P23---3a）
如果你的答案是“是”，那么，我们有一个当招待的工作给你。
If 引导的是一个条件状语从句，和when引导的时间状语从句一样，也用一般时表示将来。
1）如果明天天气好，我们会去公园散步。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will take a walk in the park.
2）如果下周六不下雨，我们会出去野餐。
If it doesn’t rain next Saturday, we will go out for a picnic.
have a job as……有一份当……的工作
work as… 当……
3）我的叔叔是个记者。（三种说法）
My uncle is a reporter.
= My uncle works as a reporter.
= My uncle has a job as a reporter.
9.Do you want to work for a magazine
你想为一家杂志社工作吗？（P23---3a）
work for 某人、某个组织、某个团体
1）Mike为他的朋友工作。
Mike works for his friend.
2）他的叔叔为中国日报社工作。
His uncle works for China Daily.
a magazine / a newspaper
一份杂志/报纸或：一家杂志社/报社
3）我长大后想在报社工作。
I want to work for a newspaper when I am older.
newspaper 可数名词“报纸”
4）我爸爸晚饭后经常看报纸。
My father often reads newspapers after dinner.
Morning Newspaper = Morning Paper 晨报
Evening Newspaper = Evening Paper 晚报
5）你喜欢哪种报纸，晨报还是晚报？
Which newspaper do you like, Morning Paper or Evening Paper
10. Do you like to sing and dance （P23—3a）
=Do you like singing and dancing
你喜欢唱歌和跳舞吗？
此时的问句中用了and而没有用or，强调问的是“唱歌跳舞”两个都喜欢。
1）你喜欢唱歌还是跳舞？
Do you like to sing or dance =
Do you like singing or dancing
11.Do you want to be in the school play
你想出演校园剧吗？ （P23—3a）
be / act in a / the play // show // movie
在剧/演出/电影中扮演角色
1）你们班谁会在这个演出中扮演角色？
Who will be in the school play / show in your class
2）这部电影很令人激动，因为是李连杰演的。
The movie is very exciting because Jet Li is in the movie.
12.Do you like to work evenings and weekends
你喜欢晚上和周末上班吗？ （P23—3a）
此句中省略了in the （ evenings ） and on / at （ weekends ） 。
evening加-s，表示“经常性”。
1）我妈妈经常周六下午去购物。
My mother often goes shopping on Saturday afternoons.
2）我周一早上经常起得很早。
I often get up early on Monday mornings.
13.We need an actor. （P23—3a）
need n. 需要，必要
1）没有必要打车去超市。
There is no need to go to the supermarket by taxi.
need sth. 需要某物
2）我需要一些帮助。
I need some help.
need to do sth. 需要做某事
3）我有必要告诉你来我校的路线。
I need to tell you the way to my school.
14. 在表达“在…上”时，注意介词的选择。
in a / the book // books 在书上
in a / the newspaper // newspapers 在报纸上
in a / the magazine // magazines 在杂志上
in a / the picture // pictures 在图片上
in a / the photo // photos 在照片上
in the newspaper want ad 在报纸的招聘广告上
on a / the card 在卡片上
on a piece of paper / on paper 在纸上
on the blackboard 在黑板上Unit 6 It’s raining
1.rain un.（不可数名词） 雨，雨水
1）天看起来要下雨。
It looks like rain.
2）去年北京有很多雨水。
There was a lot of rain in Beijing last year.
cn. （可数名词）
一场大/小雨； 一场阵雨
a heavy/light rain a shower
vi. 下雨
3）看！外面在下雨。
Look! It is raining outside.
4）你们的城市经常下雨吗？
Does it often rain in your city
rainy adj.（形容词）多雨的，阴雨连绵的
5）多雨的日子总是让我很伤感。
Rainy days always make me sad.
6）请随身带把雨伞，因为这是多雨的季节。
Please take an umbrella with you because it’s the rainy season.
7）他出生在十一月的一个寒冷雨夜。
He was born on a cold rainy night in November.
阳光明媚的 多云的 多雪的
sun---sunny; cloud ---cloudy; snow---snowy
多风的 多雾的 暴风雨的
wind---windy; fog---foggy; storm---stormy
2.天气 气候 是否
weather climate whether / if
1）上海那边的天气怎么样啊？
What’s the weather like there in Shanghai
=How’s the weather there in Shanghai
2）昆明的气候整年都很温和。
The climate of Kunming is mild all year round.
3）我不知道他明天是否能按时来。
I don’t know if / whether he will be here on time tomorrow.（引导宾语从句）
3. cook vi.做饭
1）---妈妈在哪里呢？
---她在厨房做饭呢。
---Where’s Mum
---She’s cooking in the kitchen.
vt. 煮，烧，烹饪
2）你知道怎样烧鱼吗？
Do you know how to cook fish
n. 厨师
3）他爸爸是个做菜的好手。
His father is a wonderful cook.
厨具 烹饪，烹调
cooker n. cooking n.
4. study n. 书房； 研究，学习
1）爸爸现在正在他的书房里写报告。
Father is writing a report in his study now.
2）科学家们正在研究那个地区的新植物。
The scientists are now making a study of the new plants in that area.
studies n. 学业
3）你现在学习情况如何？
How are you getting on/along with your studies
= How’s it/everything going with your studies
vi. 研究；学习；攻读
4）我的堂兄正在努力学习，准备将来成为一名科学家。
My cousin is now studying hard to be a scientist in the future.
vt. 学习，攻读
5）你长大后想学习语言吗？
Do you want to study languages when you grow up
learn vt. 学习
learn sth./to do sth./how to do sth.
6）---她在做什么？
---她在学习英语。
---What is she doing
---She’s learning English.
7）你是何时学会的弹钢琴？
When did you learn to play the piano
8）你可以在体育俱乐部学习如何打网球。
You can learn how to play tennis in the sports club.
5. pretty adj. 漂亮的，精致的
1）那个留长发的漂亮女士是谁？
Who is the pretty lady with long hair
2）那件礼服多么精致漂亮啊！
What a pretty dress （it is）! =
How pretty the dress is!
adv. 相当，很
3）你看上去很累，为什么不停下来休息呢？
You look pretty tired. Why not stop to have a rest
6. hot adj. 热的；辛辣的；极风行的
1）如果你热就把夹克脱掉吧。
Please take off your jacket if you are hot.
2）你喜欢吃火锅吗？
Do you like hot pot
3）谁是当今最走红的年轻女演员？
Who is the hottest young actress today
一个棘手的问题 热狗
a hot potato hot dog
heat n. 热量
4）这个炉子的火不旺。
The fire doesn’t give much heat.
5）在白天最热的时候不戴帽子不要出去。
Don’t go out in the heat （at the hottest time） of the day without a hat.
vt 加热
6）当被加热时，水会变成蒸汽。
When water is heated, it can turn into vapor. =
When heated, water can turn into vapor.
heated adj. 热烈的，愤怒的
7）他们正在进行一个热烈的讨论。
They are having a heated discussion.
heater n. 供热装置，加热器
8）车里的暖气出毛病了。
The heater in the car isn’t working.
=There’s something wrong with the heater in the car.
heating n.供暖系统
9）打开暖气！我感觉有些冷。
Turn on the heating! I feel a little/a bit cold.
7. humid adj. 潮湿的
（If the weather is humid, the air feels warm and wet.）
1）南方的夏天又热又潮湿。
Summers in the south are hot and humid.
wet adj. 湿的
2）尽量不要弄湿了你的鞋。
Try not to get your shoes wet.
3）一上午都在下雨，地面都是湿的。
It’s raining all （the） morning and the ground is all wet.
4）他刚才被雨淋了，他全身都湿透了。
He was caught in the rain just now and he is wet all over.
8. cold adj. 寒冷的
1）出去时穿上大衣，外面很冷。
Put on your coat when you go out because it’s cold outside.
n. 感冒 have a cold, catch a cold
2）他今天没来上学因为他得了重感冒。
He didn’t come to school today because he has a bad cold.
hot => warm => cool => cold
9. lie –lay –lain –lying 躺
1）那位老人躺在床上。
The old man is lying on the bed.
lie—lied –lied –lying 说谎
2）不用向妈妈撒谎！告诉她事实。
Don’t lie to your mother! Tell her the truth.
3）警察认为他在撒谎。
The police think he is lying.
n. 谎言 tell a lie / tell lies 说谎话
4）这个男孩不诚实，他经常对妈妈说谎。
The boy isn’t honest / is dishonest. He often tells lies to his mother.
lay—laid –laid –laying 产卵；放置
5）那位老人的母鸡每天下一个蛋。
The old man’s hen lays an egg every day.
6）下蛋是蚁后的专职工作。
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.
7）她放下报纸拿起电话。
She laid the newspaper down and picked up the phone. =
She laid down the newspaper and ….
10. A: surprise, relax, bore, interest, tire, excite, terrify, disappoint, amaze, embarrass, amuse, scare , please
vt. 使某人……（后面接人做宾语）
1）这个消息使我很惊讶。
The news surprised me.
2）这场足球赛让孩子们很激动。
The football match excited the children.
3）他的话让我很尴尬。
His words embarrassed me.
B: surprising, relaxing, boring, interesting,
tiring, exciting, …. scary, pleasant
adj. （形容词，常与物连用）令人…的
4）那个假期很令人放松。
The vacation is very relaxing.
5）这项工作很令人疲劳。
The work is tiring.
6）天气不错，是吗？
（It’s） pleasant weather, isn’t it
C: surprised, relaxed, bored, interested,
tired, excited, scared, pleased
adj.（形容词，常与人连用）….的
7）他对这个令人吃惊的消息感到很惊讶。
He is surprised at the surprising news.
8）我们对这部有趣的电影很感兴趣。
We are interested in the interesting movie.
9）她被那只可怕的老虎吓坏了。
She is scared at the scary tiger.
1.It’s raining! （P31题目）
天正在下雨！
it 可用来指代天气、时间、距离等。
1）今天天很热。（天气）
It is too hot today.
2）现在是六点，该吃晚饭了。（时间）
It’s 6 o’clock. It’s time for dinner.
3）从我家到学校有5公里远。 （距离）
It’s 5 kilometers from my home to the school.
2. How’s the weather in Beijing （P31—1C）
北京的天气怎么样？
后可接时间、地点。
1）今天天气怎么样？
How’s the weather today
2）四川天气怎么样？
How’s the weather in Sichuan
回答用“It’s + 天气”。
3）---上海那边天气怎么样？
---多云。
---How’s the weather there in Shanghai
---It’s cloudy.
同义句为：What’s the weather like
4）北京的天气怎么样？
How’s the weather in Beijing
=What’s the weather like in Beijing
对“天气”提问用“How’s the weather ”
5）今天阳光明媚。
Today is sunny. （对划线部分提问）
→ How’s the weather today
3. Jeff is playing computer games. （P32—2b）
杰夫正在玩电子游戏。
computer cn. （可数名词）电脑
1）我需要一台新电脑。
I need a new computer.
2）---我可以用你的电脑吗？
---当然。
---May I use your computer
---Sure.
3）他妈妈经常告诉他不要玩游戏。
His mother often tells him not to play computer games.
4. How’s it/everything going （P33—3a）
最近情况怎么样？最近好不好？后面还可接with sb/sth.用来表达对朋友、家人的关怀。
1）彼特最近怎么样？
How’s it / everything going with Peter
2）你最近学习情况怎么样？
How’s it going with your studies
它们的回答可以用：
---Great! 很好！ ---Pretty good. 相当好。
---Not bad. 还不坏。 ---Just so-so. 马马虎虎。
---Terrible. 很糟糕。
5. This is Bob. 我是鲍勃。（P33—3b）
打电话用语：“我是某人”用“This is sb. （speaking）”。
你是某人吗？用“Is that sb. （speaking） ”。
1）你好！我是鲍勃，你是格林先生吗？
Hello！This is Bob. Is that Mr. Green
2）我是玛丽。我可以和迈克通话吗？
This is Mary （speaking）. May I speak to Mike
3）我打电话是祝你新年快乐。
I’m calling to say happy new year to you.
6. Thank you for joining CCTV's Around The World show. （P35—3a）
感谢你参加中央电视台的《世界各地》节目。
thank sb. for sth./ thanks for 因…而感谢某人
1）谢谢你的帮助。
Thank you for your help.
2）谢谢你帮助了我们。
Thank you for helping us.
for 是介词，后面接名词或动词的－ing形式。
CCTV’s 中央电视台的
名词＋’s是名词所有可格，表示所有关系。
3）这是那个女孩的钢笔。
This is the girl’s pen.
4）老师的办公室在哪里？
Where’s the teacher’s office
一般有生命的东西后用“-’s” 表示所有格，但习惯上表示时间、距离等无生命的名词也可以用这种表示所有格。
5）在今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。
There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.
6）从这里到学校只有十分钟的步行。
It’s only ten minutes’ walk from here to the school.
多数情况下用“ of ＋名词”这种所有格：
7）教室的墙上有一幅中国地图。
There’s a map of China on the wall of the classroom.
7. Some are taking photos. Others are lying on the beach. （P35—3a）
一些人在照相，另一些人躺在沙滩上。
Some…others… 一些……另一些……。
1）一些学生喜欢唱歌，另一些喜欢跳舞。
Some students like singing and others like dancing.
2）在我们班，一些坐公交车上学，另一些走路上学。
In my class some go to school by bus and others walk to school / go to school on foot.
take photos / take a photo 照相
take a photo of sb/ sth 给某人某物照相
3）请给这个可爱的孩子照一张相吧。
Please take a photo of the lovely baby.
4）你在国外学习时照相了吗？
Did you take any photos when you were studying abroad
5）禁止拍照!
No photos! 或：No photographing!
8. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball. （P35—3a）
看这群人在打沙滩排球。
感官动词的用法：
A：look at / see /watch / notice / listen to / hear sb. +do （不带to的不定式作宾补）表示看/看到/观看/注意到/听/听见某人做某事的全过程。
1）咱们去看他修自行车吧。
Let’s look at him repair / fix up the bike!
2）刚才我看到他走进了房间。（短暂动作）
I saw him walk into the room just now.
3）学生们正在看他们的队踢足球。（全过程）
The students are watching their team play soccer.
4）我周末经常听叔叔拉小提琴。 （全过程）
I often listen to my uncle play the violin.
5）刚才你听到有人叫你的名字了吗？
Did you hear someone call your name just now （短暂动作）
B：look at / see /watch / notice / listen to / hear sb. +doing （现在分词作宾补）表示看/看到/观看/注意到/听/听见某人正在做某事，即： 动作正在进行 。
6）看那些人们躺在沙滩上！他们好放松啊！
Look at the people lying on the beach! How relaxed they are!
7）当我进他的房间时，我看到他正在写信。
I saw him writing a letter when I came into his room.
8）当我离开时，我注意到她正在哭。
I noticed her crying when I left.
9）请听他正在房间里唱歌。
Please listen to him singing in his room.
10）当我经过老师办公室时，我听到老师正在和汤姆谈话。
I heard the teacher talking to Tom when I passed by the teacher’s office.
11）---你在做什么？
---我在看我们队踢足球。
---What are you doing
---I am watching our team playing soccer.
12）---你在照片中能看到什么？
---我可以看到一些孩子在放风筝。
---What can you see in the picture
---I can see some children flying kites.
9. I am surprised that they can play in this heat.
我很惊讶他们能在这么热的天里（在沙滩上）玩。（P35—3a）
sb. be surprised + at sth. 对感到惊讶
1）我们对这个消息感到很惊讶。
We are surprised at the news.
sb. be surprised + to do sth. 对做…感到惊讶
2）我很惊讶在街上遇到了他。
I am surprised to meet him on the street.
3）我很惊讶地发现教室里没有人。
I am surprised to find nobody in the classroom.
sb. be surprised + that 宾语从句.
对某人做某事感到惊讶
4）我很惊讶地发现教室里没有人。
I am surprised （that） nobody is in the classroom.
5）他上学又迟到了使老师感到很惊讶。
The teacher was very surprised （that） he was late for school again.
to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是…
6）令我惊讶的是，他居然考试没通过。
To my surprise, he failed in the exam.
in surprise 惊奇地
7）那个男孩正惊奇地看着他的妈妈。
The boy is looking at his mother in surprise.
8）“你能在两小时内完成这项工作？”她惊讶地问。
“Can you finish the work in two hours ” she asked in surprise.
in this heat “在这种热度下”，注意用介词“in”，意思相当于 “in such hot weather” 。
9）在这么热的天气里，他们无法工作。
They can’t work in this heat / in such hot weather.
10）在炎热的夏季的下午，我不想出门。
I don’t want to go out in the heat of a summer afternoon.
10. The people are really very relaxed.
人们真的很放松。（P35—3a）
sb be / feel relaxed
某人感到放松 （relaxed常用人作主语）
1）经过一个假期，我们全都很轻松。
We are all relaxed after the vacation. =
We all feel relaxed after the vacation.
sth is relaxing 某事令人放松（relaxing常用物作主语）
2）这个音乐很令人放松。
The music is very relaxing.
11. Everyone is having a good time.
人人都玩得很愉快。 （P35—3b）
everyone 代词，“所有人，人人”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。与everybody 相比，everyone更口语化。
1）大家都到了吗？
Is everyone / everybody here
2）人人都喜欢那首歌。
Everyone likes the song.
3）三个和尚没水喝。（众人之事无人管）
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
4）每人都有自己的书桌。
Everybody/ Everyone has his own desk.
语法：有时用复数代名词的所有格
Everybody has their own desk.
Everybody中也包含女性，因此要说：
Everybody has his or her own desk.
Everybody 与否定词连用，“并非人人都…”.
5）并不是人人都喜欢从事体育活动。
Not everybody likes playing sports.
玩得高兴；过得愉快
have a good time ＋其他成分= have fun ＋其他成分= enjoy + 反身代词。
6）我们在公园里玩得很高兴。
We are having a good time in the park.
= We are having fun in the park.
= We are enjoying ourselves in the park.
做某事很愉快
have a good time + doing sth = have fun +doing sth
7）孩子们在海边玩得很愉快。
The children are having a good time playing on the beach.
=The children are having fun playing ….
=The children are enjoying themselves …Unit 5 I’m watching TV
1.clean vt.打扫，清除
1）他们正在擦教室的窗子。
They are cleaning the windows of the classroom.
彻底清扫clean up
清理里面clean out
clean adj. 干净的，无杂质的
2）我们必须保持教室清洁。
We must keep our classroom clean.
2. read v.读；识字；
1）他们正在看杂志/报纸/书。
They are reading
magazines / newspapers / books.
2）他把故事读给我们听。
He is reading a story to us.
=He is reading us a story.
3）孩子在三岁时识字。
Kids can read at the age of three.
4）在学习语言时朗读很重要。
It’s important to read aloud in learning a language.
do some reading看书
do some cleaning 打扫卫生
do some washing 洗衣服
do some shopping 购物
3.1）on 表示事情发生的时间---具体某一日或某一日的某时刻。
on Sunday（s） / on Monday morning（s） / on May 1st/on a sunny day of August/on a winter evening
2）表示在某一物体的表面。
My book is on the table.
借助于，靠，用（by means of …）
3）他正在电话上聊天。
He is talking on the phone.
4）我正在收音机上听广播。
I am listening to the broadcast on the radio.
5）他正在看电视新闻。
He is watching news on TV.
4. sure adj. 确信，把握，
be sure of / about sth. 对确信/有把握
1）我相信你会成功。
I am sure of your success.
=I am sure that you will succeed.
2）他对此很有把握。
He is sure about it.
be sure to do sth. 必定会
3）他一定会按时到的。
He is sure to arrive on time.
be sure that 宾语从句
4）我确信在你有麻烦时他会帮助你的。
I’m sure that he will help you when you are in trouble.
5. wait vi. 等待
1）对不起让你久等了。
I’m sorry I have kept you waiting for such a long time.
=I’m sorry to have kept / keep you waiting so long.
wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物
2）他们在停车点等车。
They are waiting for the bus at the bus stop.
wait to do sth.等待做某事
3）我迫不及待地去看那场足球赛。
I can’t wait to watch the soccer game.
wait for sb to do sth.等待某人做某事
4）雨下得很大，我们正在等着雨停。
It is raining cats and dogs. We are waiting for the rain to stop.
wait与时间名词连用，可不加介词for。
wait a moment, wait an hour
现在进行时
一、现在进行时的构成
由“be+v-ing”构成。
be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
二、现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
1.当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行。
1）现在他们正在打篮球。
They are playing basketball now.
2.以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行。
2）听！她正在唱英语歌。
Listen！She is singing an English song.
3.描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：
3）看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.
三、现在进行时的变化
1.肯定句式：
主语+be （ am, is, are）+现在分词+其它.
2.否定句式：
主语+be （am, is, are） +not +现在分词+其它.
3.一般疑问句：
Be （Am, Is, Are） +主语+现在分词+其它？
4.特殊疑问句：
疑问词+be （am, is, are）+主语+现在分词+其它？
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。
1）---你在做什么？
---我在看杂志。
---What are you doing
---I’m reading a magazine.
2）---你爸爸现在在哪里工作？
---他在一所医院工作。
---Where is your father working now
---He is working in a hospital.
四、现在进行时的用法
1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
1）请保持安静。我正在写信。
Please be quiet. I’m writing a letter.
2）咱们回家吧。现在不下雨了。
Let’s go home. It isn’t raining now.
3）现在是下午四点。孩子们在踢足球。
It’s four o’clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football.
4）快点！我们大家都等着你。
Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.
5）看！他们在那边的树底下看书。
Look! They are reading over there under the tree.
6）凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。
Where is Kate She is reading in the room.
2.在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。
1）你的兄弟很快就来吗？
Is your brother coming soon
2）他何时到达？
When is he arriving
3）你要去哪里？
Where are you going
这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，arrive到达等动词连用。用进行时表示将来。
3.现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感彩。
1）他总是在课堂上说话。（表示厌恶）
He is always talking in class.
2）你在考试中总是做得很好。（表示欣赏）
You are always doing well in exams.
4.有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。
1）你今天感觉如何？
How are you feeling today
2）我盼望你的来信。
I am looking forward to your letter.
3）为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？
Why are you looking so sad
5.有的动词用现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。
1）天气变得越来越暖和了。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
2）数学变得越来越有趣了。
Math is becoming more and more interesting.
3）树叶渐渐地变红了。
The leaves are turning red.
适合于此种用法的动词有：get/ grow/ become/ turn/ run/ go变成，begin开始等.
动词现在分词构成:
1.一般在动词原型后加--ing。
camp---camping； drink---drinking;
spend--spending； stand---standing;
jump---jumping； grow---growing;
wear---wearing； collect---collecting;
think---thinking； work---working;
talk---talking； sing---singing
2.特殊变化:
1）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加--ing。
write ---writing； make--- making；
ride---riding； take---taking；
drive---driving； close---closing；
have---having； dance---dancing
live---living； come---coming
2）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，（ 只有一个元音字母，而其后跟有一个辅音字母时）要双写结尾的辅音字母再加—ing。
sit---sitting； swim---swimming；
put--- putting； run--- running；
get----getting； cut---cutting；
stop---stopping； plan---planning；
shop---shopping
3）lie, die, tie（拴，系）等词，有以下变化。
lie---lying； die---dying； tie---tying;
4）以y结尾的词，直接加---ing。
study---studying； try---trying； fly---flying;
5）注意以下词的变化：
rain ---raining； snow---snowing；
play---playing； wait---waiting；
meet---meeting； greet---greeting；
read---reading； speak---speaking；
sleep---sleeping； clean---cleaning；
eat---eating
6）注意下列双音节词的变化：
be gin---beginning；
for get ---forgetting；
re gret ---regretting；
lis ten---listening；
o pen---opening；
re peat---repeating
V-ing
3. swim ming
put ting
run ning
shop ping
stop ping
get ting
sit ting
forget ting
begin ning
A.
think - thinking
read- reading
listen -listening
B.
run-running
sit-sitting
put-putting
C.
make -making
close -closing
write -writing
1. do one’s homework 做作业 （P25—1a）
1）那个女孩正在做作业。
The girl is doing her homework.
2）请保持安静！我在做作业。
Please be quiet! I’m doing my homework.
eat / have dinner / breakfast / lunch 吃晚/早饭/午饭
3）现在六点半了。我们一家正在吃早饭。
It’s half past six / 6:30. My family are having / eating breakfast.
talk to sb. on the phone 和某人在电话上聊
4）看！Tina正在给妈妈打电话。
Look! Tina is talking to her mother on the phone.
5）电话上有人找/有你的电话。
You are wanted on the phone.
call sb. up = ring sb. up
=make a phone call to sb. 给某人打电话
6）如果他回来了，我会给你打电话的。
If he comes back, I will call you up / make a phone call to you.
2. Does Steve want to go to the movies 史蒂夫想去看电影吗？ （ P26—2a）
want sth. 想要某物
1）---你想要什么？
---我想要一辆新自行车。
---What do you want
---I want a new bike.
want to do sth. 想做某事
2）他想加入体育俱乐部吗？
Does he want to join the sports club
want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
3）我想让他和我一起去购物。
I want him to go shopping with me.
“看电影” 的词组有：
go to a movie
go to the movie
go to the movies
see a film / movie
go to the cinema
4）我经常周末去看电影。
I often go to a movie on weekends.
5）你喜欢看电影吗？
Do you like to go to the movies
6）咱们明天去看电影吧！
Let’s go to the cinema tomorrow!
=Let’s see a film / movie tomorrow!
=Let’s go to the / a movie tomorrow!
=Let’s go to the movies tomorrow!
3. That sounds good. This TV show is boring.
那听起来很好。这个电视节目很无聊。（P26）
感官系动词：
look 看起来 sound 听起来
feel 摸起来 smell闻起来 taste 尝起来
它们的特点是：
A） 没有进行时：
B）没有被动语态：
C）后接形容词：
D）后接like再加名词：
1） ---放学后咱们去打篮球吧！
---听起来太棒了。
---Let’s play basketball after school!
---That sounds great.
2）我们学校看起来很美。
Our school looks very beautiful
3）这张纸摸起来很软。
This piece of paper feels soft.
4）这道菜闻/尝起来像鱼。
The dish smells / tastes like fish.
5）那听起来是个不错的注意。
That sounds like a good idea.
6）他今天感觉不舒服。
He is not feeling well today.
此处的feel 也是个系动词，意思是“感觉”，
而不是“摸起来”之意。所以和感官无关的系动词有进行时态。例如：
7）当春天到来，天气变得越来越温暖。
When spring comes, the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
4. Let’s go at six o’clock.咱们六点走吧。（P27—3a）
let sb. （not） do 允许／让某人（不）做某事
1）让我帮帮你的功课吧。
Let me help you with your lessons.
2）太晚了，咱们现在别再等他了吧。
It’s too late now. Let’s not wait for him any longer.
3）咱们去公园散散步去吧，好吗？
Let’s take a walk in the park, shall we
4）（你）让我看一下你的新书，行吗？
Let me have a look at your new book, will you
5. Where are they all going （P27—4）他们都去哪里？
1）他们都去警察局。
They are all going to the police station.
2）我们都喜欢唱歌跳舞。
We all like singing and dancing.
3）他们两个都是医生。
They are both doctors.
4）你们两个都来自上海，对吗？
You both come from Shanghai, don’t you
6. Thanks for your letter and the photos.谢谢你寄来的信和照片。（P29—3a）
Thanks for +名词／doing ＝Thank you for…
1）谢谢你的帮助。
Thanks for your help.
2）谢谢你帮助我。
Thanks for helping me.
3） 谢谢你指给我去超市的路。
Thank you for showing me the way to the supermarket.
7. Here are some of my photos. （P29—3a） 这里是我的一些照片。
Here或There开头，句子要用倒装形式。
1）---我的书在哪里？
---给你。
---Where’s my book
---Here you are. 或：Here it is.
2）---请把眼镜递给我。
---给你。
---Please pass me my glasses.
---Here you are. 或：Here they are.
3）看！他在那里。
Look! There he is.
以上以Here和There开头的句子，都用了倒装形式。如果此类句子主语是代词时，要用“半倒装”。主语是名词时，要用“全倒装”。
4）看！车来了。
Look! Here comes the bus.
5）听！铃响了。
Listen! There goes the bell.
6）那些演员过来了。
Here come the movie actors.
8. In the first photo, I’m playing basketball at school. （P29—3a）
在第一张照片里，我在学校里打篮球。
在照片／图片／书／报纸／杂志上，用in。
in the photo / picture / book / newspaper / magazine…
1）今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。
There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.
从事体育运动类的词组，一般不加the 。
play soccer / basketball / volleyball / tennis/ badminton / chess…
2）你经常放学后和朋友一起踢球吗？
Do you often play tennis with your friends after school
3）你的父母喜欢打羽毛球吗？
Do your parents like playing badminton
弹奏乐器类的词组，一般要加the，尤其是西洋乐器类。
play the guitar / piano / violin / drums…
5）她每天晚饭后练习弹钢琴。
She practices playing the piano after dinner every day.
6）我的堂兄会打架子鼓。
My cousin can play the drums.
9. In the last photo, I am with my sister Gina.
在最后一张照片里，我和我的姐姐Gina在一起。 （P29—3a）
be / stay with sb. 和某人在一起
1）圣诞节要到了，他正和他的父母在一起。
Christmas is coming. He is now with his parents.
2）我周末经常陪着我的祖父母。
I am often with my grandparents on weekends.
=I often stay with my grandparents on weekends.
10. She is doing her homework_______I am watching TV. （P29—3a）
她正在做作业---我正在看电视。
这个句子属于两个简单句，可以把它们改为一个复合句，用while（而）来引导，表示两个人做的不同种类的事情“内容比较相对或相反”,但句式完全相同。没有“对立”的意思时，常用and来表示并列。
She is doing her homework while I am watching TV.
1）（这对双胞胎）哥哥很瘦而弟弟却很胖。
The elder brother is thin while the younger brother is heavy.
2）昨天当我回到家时，妈妈在做饭，而爸爸在看电视。
When I got home yesterday, my mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.
3）今天轮到我们值日了。我在擦黑板，我的同桌在扫地。
It’s our turn to be on duty. I am cleaning / erasing the blackboard and my deskmate is sweeping the floor.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas
第01讲 Words
good-looking – used to describe anyone who is attractive 用来描述任何长得好看的人（不论男女）
pretty - used to describe a girl or woman who is attractive用来描述长得好看的女性
beautiful - used to describe a woman, girl, or baby who is extremely attractive用来描述长得好看的女性（包括大人小孩）
handsome - used to describe a man or boy who is attractive 用来描述长得好看的男性
cute - used to describe a baby or young child who is attractive 用来描述长得可爱的小孩
1.那边那个相貌好看的青年是谁？
Who is the good-looking young man over there
2.那个留着长发的漂亮女士是他的妈妈。
The pretty lady with long hair is his mother.
3.我很喜欢这件漂亮的礼服。
I like this pretty dress very much.
4.他弹钢琴弹得相当好。
He plays the piano pretty well. （副词，相当，非常）
5.---你的情况怎样？
---挺好的。
---How’s it / everything going with you
---It’s pretty good.
6.我们的老师史密斯夫人既善良又漂亮。
Our teacher Mrs. Smith is kind and beautiful.
7.我觉得长颈鹿很漂亮。
I think （that） giraffes are beautiful.
8.他的堂兄很高很帅。
His cousin is tall and handsome.
9.你觉得熊猫可爱吗？
Do you think （that） pandas are cute
10.那个小孩非常可爱。
The baby is very cute.
2.smart 伶俐的，精干的，帅气的
1）看那个聪明的小孩！
Look at that smart boy!
2）你今天看上去很帅气。
You look smart today.
clever （有一些耍）小聪明
3）猴子经常很聪明。
Monkeys are sometimes very clever.
4）他经常有很多花招。
He often has clever tricks.
intelligent 聪明的，智商高
5）他既聪明又努力。
He is both intelligent and hard-working.
bright 聪明的（尤其年轻人和小孩）
6）她是那些聪明学生中的一员。
She is one of the bright students.
wise 英明的，有见识的，知识渊博的
7）我们有英明的领袖，我相信我们的国家会变得越来越强大。
We have wise leaders and I am sure our country will be stronger and stronger.
8）你避开他是很明智的。
It’s wise of you to keep away from him.
gifted = talented 有天赋的
9）贝多芬是一位天才音乐家。
Beethoven is a gifted musician.
3.kind n.种类
a kind of 一种
1）竹子是一种草。
Bamboo is a kind of grass.
all/different kinds of 各种各样的
2）那家商店有各种各样的水果。
There are all/different kinds of fruits in that store.
kind of = a little = a bit 有点儿，有几分（修饰形容词或副词）
4）我觉得熊猫有点懒。
I think pandas are kind of lazy.（修饰形容词）
5）这个数学题对他来说有点难。
This math problem is kind of / a little / a bit difficult to him. （修饰形容词）
6）他说话有点快。 （修饰副词）
He speaks kind of / a little / a bit fast.
4.east , west, south , north n.东西南北
+ern 变成形容词
eastern, western, southern, northern adj.
注意southern 的读音。
southeast 东南 （注意顺序）
southwest 西南
northeast 东北
northwest 西北
这些词也是后接-ern变成形容词:
southeastern, northwestern…
5.名词+ly ==>形容词
friendly 友好的
brotherly 兄弟般的
sisterly 姐妹般的
motherly 母亲般的
fatherly 父亲般的
lovely 可爱的
1）这个学校的老师对学生很友好。
The teachers in this school are very friendly to their students.
2）那个女孩多么可爱啊！
What a lovely girl she is! = How lovely the girl is!
形容词+ly ==>副词
sad => sadly 伤心地
clear => clearly 清楚地
beautiful => beautifully 漂亮地
careful => carefully 细心地
angry => angrily 生气地
happy => happily 高兴地
3）你必须认真做作业。
You must do your homework carefully.
4）请在黑板上清楚地写出那个句子。
Please write the sentence clearly on the blackboard.
6. another （三者或以上）另一个
1）这件衬衫我穿着有点小，你能给我看一下另一件吗？
This shirt is a little small for me. Could you please show me another one
one…the other …（二者中）一个…另一个
2）这位老人有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是教师。
The old man has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a teacher.
others = other + cn （pl） /复数名词（没有一定范围除去一个/部分剩余的）另一些
3）他总是乐于助人。
He is always ready to help others / other people.
4）在那所国际学校你可以遇到很多来自其他国家的学生。
You can meet many students from other countries in that international school.
the others = the other + 复数名词（有一定范围除去一个/部分剩余的）另一些
5）你们班里的其他人呢？
Where are the others / the other students in your class
6）当其他家庭成员外出时，她也不想待在家里。
She doesn’t want to stay at home when the others / the other family members are out.
some…others…一些…另一些
7）在我们班，一些走着上学，另一些坐车。
In our class, some go to school on foot and others take buses to school.
8）一些人说印度电影很有趣，另一些说很无聊。
Some（people）say Indian films are interesting while others say they are boring.
7.sleep n. 睡眠
1）青少年每晚需要8小时的睡眠。
Teenagers need 8 hours’ sleep a night.
sleep vi. 睡觉
2）不要睡得太晚，这样对身体不好。
Don’t sleep too late. It is bad for your health.
sleepy adj. 困的
3）我太困了，眼睛都睁不开了。
I am too sleepy to keep my eyes open.
asleep adj. 在睡觉（表语形容词）
4）安静点！孩子们在睡觉。
Please be / keep quiet! The kids are asleep / are sleeping.
8.during prep. （介词）在…期间
during the day 在白天（期间）
during the vacation 在假期（期间）
1）他在中国停留期间，去过哪里？
Where did he go during his stay in China
2）在暑假期间，你都做了些什么？
What did you do during the summer vacation
9.leaf n.叶子
1）复数的变化规则：以f或fe结尾的词，去掉f或fe， 再加-ves。
例如：leaf, thief（小偷）, shelf（架子）, wolf, knife, half, wife, self…
2）handkerchief 手绢，scarf 围巾，可以直接加-s，也可以去掉f或fe，再加-ves。
3）roof 房顶，safe保险柜，直接加-s。
10.relax vt. 使放松（后接 “人”作宾语）
relax oneself （作动词时后常接人做宾语）
1）他通过听音乐来放松自己。
He relaxed himself by listening to music.
relaxing adj. 令人放松的；
2）我喜欢这部电影因为它很令人放松。
I like the movie because it is relaxing. （作表语）
3）这真是个令人放松的假期。
This is a relaxing vacation. （作定语）
4）我发现这个音乐很令人放松。
I find the music very relaxing. （作宾语补足语）
relaxed adj. 放松的
5）假期过后，我觉得很放松。
I feel / am relaxed after the vacation. （作表语）
6）看海滩上那些放松的人们！ （作定语）
Look at the relaxed people on the beach!
7）我发现学生们暑假过后很放松。
I find the students relaxed after the summer vacation. （作宾语补足语）
有这种用法的词还有很多，例如：
surprise （使某人吃惊）,
bore （使某人无聊）,
interest （使某人感兴趣）,
tire （使某人疲劳）,
excite （使某人激动）,
terrify （使某人恐惧）,
disappoint （使某人失望）,
amaze （使某人惊喜）,
embarrass （使某人尴尬）,
amuse （使某人发笑）,
scare （使某人害怕） ,
please （使某人满意，高兴）
派生词：
surprising （令人吃惊的）,
boring （ 令人无聊的）,
interesting （令人感兴趣的）,
tiring （令人疲劳的）,
exciting （令人激动的）,
terrifying （令人恐惧的）,
disappointing （令人失望的）,
amazing （令人惊喜的）,
embarrassing （令人尴尬的）,
amusing （令人发笑的）,
scary （令人害怕的） ,
pleasant （令人满意的，高兴的）
这些词一般和物或事情连用。“让人…的” （主动）
surprised （吃惊的）,
bored （某人无聊的）,
interested （某人感兴趣的）,
tired （某人疲劳的）,
excited （某人激动的）,
terrified （某人恐惧的）,
disappointed （某人失望的）,
amazed （某人惊喜的）,
embarrassed （某人尴尬）,
amused （某人发笑的）,
scared （某人害怕的） ,
pleased （某人满意的，高兴的）
这些词一般和人连用。“（被…使得…的）”（被动）
第02讲 课本知识讲解
Target Language （目标语言）
Know about the names of different animals
Learn to describe the animals and express why you like or dislike them
---Why do you like pandas
---Because they’re cute.
---Why don’t you like koalas
---Because they’re kind of shy.
1.Let’s see the lions. （P13—1c）
let sb. （not） do sth. （不）让/（不）允许某人做某事
1）今晚咱们去看电影吧！
Let’s go to the movies tonight!
2）让我看一看你的新手机。
Let me have a look at your new cell / mobile phone.
3）让他不要骑车去那里。
Let him not go there by bike.
4）咱们回家，好吗？
Let’s go home, shall we
5）让他帮助你，行吗？
Let him help you, will you
2.---Why do you want to see the lions
---Because they’re cute.（P13—1c）
注意：Why的疑问句要用because来回答。
1）---你为什么喜欢英语？
---因为它有趣。
---Why do you like English
---Because it’s interesting.
在文章中表达时，because的句子不能单独使用。
2）因为英语很有趣，所以我们班很多学生喜欢它。
一下四种说法都不正确：
A: Because English is interesting. Many students in our class like it.（原因状语从句不单独使用）
B: Many students in our class like English. Because it’s interesting. （同上）
C: Because English is interesting so many students in our class like it. （两个从句没有主句）
D: English is interesting, many students in our class like it. （两个主句用逗号隔开）
注意: Because不能和so连用，因为它们都是连词，引导的都是从句。正确的说法是：
A: Many students in our class like English because it’s interesting.
B: Because English is interesting many students in our class like it.
C: English is interesting so many students in our class like it.
D: English is interesting. Many students in our class like it.
3. ---Do you like giraffes （P14—2c）
---Yes, I do.
---Why 为什么？
---Because they’re very interesting.
如果说：
---Do you like giraffes
---No, I don’t.
---Why not 为什么不（喜欢）？
---Because they’re very shy.
4.What other animals do you like
你还喜欢其他什么动物？ （P16—3）
1）你还想学什么语言？
What other language（s） do you want to learn
注意：what、某人的（Mike’s, my, your…） 后面常用other+单数或复数名词。
2）我其他的那些朋友在五班。
My other friends are in Class 5.
3）你的另一只手里有什么？
What’s in your other hand
5.I like dogs, too. 我也喜欢狗。（P16—3）
too, also adv （副词）也
注意它们的位置：
1）你是个学生，他也是。
You are a student and he is also a student.
= You are a student and he is a student, too.
either（副词）也不
2）你不喜欢足球，我也不喜欢。
You don’t like soccer and I don’t like it, either.
6.She likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 她喜欢和朋友玩耍、吃草。（P17--3a）
like 后面常跟并列形式。
like to do A and do B. 或 like doing A and doing B.
1）你周末喜欢打篮球、听音乐吗？
Do you like playing basketball and listening to music
=Do you like to play basketball and listen to music
7.She’s very beautiful but she’s very shy.
她很漂亮但是很害羞。 （P17 --3a）
but 引导并列复合句。（表示转折）
1）他喜欢篮球，但他不喜欢足球。
He likes basketball but he doesn’t like soccer.
2）我觉得当警察危险但很有趣。
I think being a policeman is dangerous but interesting.
and 引导并列复合句。（表示并列或递进）
3）她每天步行上学，花她10分钟时间到达学校。
She goes to school on foot and it takes her ten minutes to get to school every day.
8.---Isn’t he cute 难道他不可爱吗？ （P17 --3a）
如果回答他很可爱，要用：
---Yes, he is. 不，他很可爱。
1）---难道你不喜欢英语吗？---不，我喜欢。
---Don’t you like English ---Yes, I do.
2）---你不是老师，对吗？ ---是的，我不是。
---You aren’t a teacher, are you
---No, I am not.
如果说： ---不，我是老师。
---Yes, I am.
一定注意Yes，No在这样的句中的翻译。
9.He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
他白天睡觉，晚上起来吃树叶。 （P17--3a）
她白天总是很忙，晚上回家放松。
She is always busy during the day, but at night she stays at home and relaxes herself.
during the day还可以说： in the day 或in the daytime.
以-f 或-fe结尾的词的复数变化
1）leaf, shelf（架子）, wolf（狼）, thief（小偷）, knife（刀子）, wife（妻子），housewife（主妇）等，通常去掉-f 或-fe再加--ves
leaf---leaves ; shelf---shelves;
wolf---wolves; thief---thieves;
knife---knives; wife---wives;
2）scarf（围巾）, handkerchief（手帕）等，既可以加--s也可以去掉--f变成--ves。
scarf – scarfs / scarves
handkerchief--- handkerchifs / handkerchives
3）roof （房顶），直接加 –s。
10.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. （P17—3b）
他通常每天睡觉、放松长达20个小时。
此句中sleeps and relaxes 后省略了介词for。有些不及物动词后接时间名词通常会省略介词for。
1）等我一会，我马上回来。
Wait a minute / moment. I’ll be back at once.
2）如果你想买辆新车，你得等两天。
If you want to buy a new car, you will have to wait two days.
3）会议持续了两个小时。
The meeting lasted two hours.
every day 与everyday的区别：
4）他每天6点起床，然后做一些日常工作。
He gets up at 6 every day and does some everyday work.
5）你每天怎么上学？
How do you go to school every day
6）你知道多少日常用语？
How many everyday sentences do you know
7）吃饭、做作业、看电视，这都是一些日常活动。
Having meals, doing homework and watching TV are all everyday activities.
语法：疑问句
Where 和 what 引导的特殊疑问句
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。它包括四类：
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句：
对某种情况提出质疑，通常用yes或no回答的问句。
一般疑问句通常升调。
1）---你是美国人吗？ ---不。我是澳大利亚人。
---Are you American ---No. I’m Australian.
2）---他喜欢运动吗？ ---是的。他喜欢游泳。
---Does he like sports ---Yes. He likes swimming.
2.特殊疑问句：
用疑问代词what, who, whose, which, how many, how much等或疑问副词when, where, why, how, how long, how far , how soon, how often等引导的疑问句，叫做特殊疑问句。这种疑问句要求具体回答而不能用yes或no来回答。句末要用问号，句子要降调。
1）---你爸爸是干什么工作的？ ---他是个医生。
---What is your father’s job = What does your father do
---He is a doctor.
2）---你在等谁？ ---我在等我的朋友。
---Who are you waiting for
---I’m waiting for my friend.
3）---这是谁的书？ ---是我的。
---Whose book is it ---It’s mine / my book.
4）---你在哪个班？ ---我在五班。
---Which class are you in ---I’m in Class 5.
5）---你经常几点去上学？---我通常七点去上学。 （时间状语）
---When / What time do you often go to school
---I often go to school at 7 o’clock.
6）---你的父母住在哪里？---他们住在上海。
---Where do your parents live （地点状语）
---They live in Shanghai.
7）---他为什么喜欢动作片？ （原因状语）
---因为它们很令人激动。
---Why does he like action movies
---Because they are very exciting.
8）---她每天怎样上学？ （交通工具）
---她坐公交车上学。
---How does she go to school every day
---She goes to school by bus.
9）---你在这里住了多久了？---十年了。（时间）
---How long do you live here
---For ten years.
10）---他住得离学校有多远 ---五公里。（距离）
---How far does he live from school
---（It is ） Five kilometers.
11）---他还有多长时间回来？ ---他两天后回来。
---How soon will he be back
---He’ll be back in two days.
（有多快就做某事，要用带有in的短语来回答，并常用将来时）
12）---你多长时间去看祖父母一次？
---一月去两次。／每周一次。
---How often do you visit your grandparents
---Twice a month. / Once a week.
（表示多么经常，常用表示频度的副词来回答，并常用一般时）
13）---你们班上有多少学生？ （个数）
---我们班有48位同学。
---How many students are there in your class
---There are 48 students in my class.
14）---那个杯子里有多少水？ ---没有了。（量）
---How much water is there in the cup
---There’s no water in it.
15）---那辆新自行车你花了多少钱？---280元。（价格）
---How much did you pay for the new bike
---280 yuan.
3.选择疑问句
说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句加上选择部分，选择部分用or连接，朗读时前面用声调，最后一个选项用降调。回答时须选择回答，不能用yes或no来回答。
1）---你的笔友是个男孩还是女孩？---她是个女孩。
---Is your pen pal a boy or a girl ---A girl.
2）---你通常几点到家，四点还是五点？ ---五点。
---When do you usually get home, at four or at five
---At five.
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。由于是在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简略问句，所以叫做反意疑问句。
反意疑问句由系动词be或助动词（do, does, did, have, has, will, shall等）或情态动词加主语构成，前有逗号，后有问号。反意问句的结构实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句，所以其答语需用yes或no。
陈述句如果是肯定形式，反意疑问句则用否定形式；反之，陈述句如果是否定形式，其后的反意疑问句则用肯定形式。
两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须一致。反意疑问句的否定词一般用缩略形式，主语须用人称代词。
1）---The visitors are from Australia, aren’t they
---Yes, they are. ---No, they aren’t.
2）---She can sing and dance well, can’t she
---Yes, she can. ---No, she can’t.
3）---John likes Chinese tea, doesn’t he
---Yes, he does. ---No, he doesn’t.
4）---There are many visitors in Beijing now, aren’t there 现在来北京旅游的人很多,不是吗？
---Yes, there are. 是的，很多。
注意下列句子：
5）---Miss Green doesn’t like traveling by air, does she
---格林夫人不喜欢坐飞机旅行，是吗？
--- Yes, she does. 不，她喜欢。
--- No, she doesn’t. 是的，她不喜欢。
注意：若陈述部分是否定形式，其反意疑问句是肯定形式，请注意答语中Yes / No的翻译，意思和表面意思相反。Yes “不”；No “是的”。
6）Open the window, will you 打开窗户好吗？
7）Don’t be late next time, will you？
下次别迟到了，好吗？
注意：祁使句后面用反意疑问句，一般用will you。
