[2021年][深圳沪教版][初三英语专题][被动语态写作]讲义 （含答案）

中考英语写作题型介绍
英语书面表达是学生英语学习的综合素质体现，它要求学生有扎实的语言基本功，具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力、评价能力及书法排版能力。书面表达是历年中考英语的重点主观测试题之一，该题在深圳中考英语卷中占15分，占全卷分值15%，是重要题型；
中考英语写作能力考查
中考英语写作主要考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，实质变相的考察句型与词汇的灵活应用。英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，不能随意选材，任意发挥，它要求考生按照所给的要点组织内容，文章既限定词数，又要包含所有要点;它也不同于翻译，不能简单地将所有的要点逐一译成英语，而是一种导引式写作。总的来说，它要求考生用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能、技巧，准确使用语法，词汇以及一定的句型,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
3.
写作提分的三要素——句型，连词，高级词汇
句子是我们写作最大单位，有了漂亮的句子，用好的连词将其连句成段，在加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的中考英语作文就有了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限，一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。
4.
一篇好的文章需要主动与被动句式的相结合。有些句子用被动语态来表达更能体现表达的含义
，使句子更加生动。被动语态写作的难点在于各个时态的被动语态的掌握。
　　
1.
初一阶段主要会学习以下题材的写作：如何用英文写通知，如何写应用文体，
记叙文，如何写人物生平介绍。练习写介绍景物的应用文，描写最喜爱的运动员，说明文，写便条，写E-mail寻求建议等；题型涉及看图写作文，看图表写作文，话题作文，命题作文等。字数要求在80左右；
2.
初二阶段主要会学习以下题材的写作：议论文，说明文--如何解决某个文体，练习描写某个地点的短文，练习描写某个人的短文，写海报，对现象进行归纳总结和反思等。题型涉及情景作文，看图表写作文，话题作文，命题作文等。字数要求在80-100左右；
3.
初三阶段主要会学习以下题材的写作：关于描述景点的说明文，建议信，给笔友写信，求职信，通知（口头通知和书面通知），议论文，演讲稿，用记叙文叙述故事，写E-mail等。题型涉及情景作文，话题作文等。字数要求在80-100词左右。
Look
at
the
following
pictures
and
please
tell
me
what
happened
to
the
man.
An
unlucky
man
The
man
was
punched.
The
man
was
kicked.
The
man
was
scratched.
The
man
was
bitten.
时态
被动语态结构
一般现在时
am/is/
are
done
一般过去时
was/
were
done
现在进行时
am/is/
are
being
done
过去进行时
was/
were
being
done
一般将来时
shall/
will/be
going
to
be
done
过去将来时
would
be
done
现在完成时
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的动词有两种语态形式,即主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词就用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词用被动语态。
动词语态的概述
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系
主动语态
表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者
He
wrote
a
novel.
(主语he是动作wrote
的执行者)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者
The
classroom
was
cleaned
by
him
yesterday.
(主语the
classroom
是动作的承受者)
Many
students
study
English.
(主动语态)
English
is
studied
by
many
students.
(被动语态)
被动语态的用法
1.
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
The
book
was
published
in
2005.
2.
强调动作的承受者
Eight
hours
per
day
for
sleep
must
be
guaranteed.
3.
出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者
We
are
given
a
lot
of
homework
to
do.
4.
文章标题、广告或新闻中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态
Girls
Wanted.
(招女工；广告用语,省略了are)
Road
Blocked.
(道路阻塞；广告用语,省略is)
5.
被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者”引出
The
window
was
broken
by
Jack
last
night.
【即学即练】
找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。
1.
Someone
met
him
at
the
station
this
morning.
主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者).
2.
He
was
met
at
the
station
this
morning.
主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者).
参考答案：
1.
主语是someone，是动作的执行者。
2.
主语是he，是动作的承受者。
各种时态中的被动语态
被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词
(通过be动词体现时态变化，并且be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。)
一、一般现在时的被动语态：am/
is/
are+过去分词
These
books
are
designed
for
children.这些书是为孩子们设计的。
The
teachers
are
well
respected.
老师们都备受尊重。
The
child
is
well
loved
by
people.这个孩子备受宠爱。
He
is
known
far
and
wide.
他远近闻名。
The
room
is
cleaned
every
day.
房子每天都有人打扫。
I
wonder
if
I
was
allowed
to
introduce
myself?
我是否可以做自我介绍?
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.Is
the
noise
made
by
Jim?
________________________________________________
2.He
is
given
many
presents
by
his
uncle
sometimes.
________________________________________________
3.Flowers
are
watered
by
Mike
every
day.
________________________________________________
4.They
are
often
heard
to
sing
songs
by
Tom
next
room.
________________________________________________
5.Students
are
taught
grammar
by
teachers.
________________________________________________
6.A
beautiful
sweater
is
chosen
by
Ling
Ling.
________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.吉姆制造的噪音？
2.他叔叔有时候给许多礼物给他。
3.迈克每天给花浇水。
4.他们经常听到隔壁的汤姆唱歌。
5.老师教学生语法。
6.玲玲挑了一件漂亮的衣服。
二、一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词
The
machine
wasn’t
repaired
yesterday.
这台机器昨天没有修理。
Was
the
book
written
in
1977?
这本书是1977年写的吗？
Basketball
was
invented
by
James
Naismith.
篮球是詹姆斯·奈史密斯发明的。
The
house
was
built
in
1967.
这房子是1967年建的。
Cars
were
invented
in
1885.
汽车是1885年发明的。
was
the
song
composed
by
a
soldier?
这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗？
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.他们让我们参观了他们生产的机器。
_____________________________________________________
2.玻璃杯是被他打碎的
_____________________________________________________
3.她被警察抓起来了
_____________________________________________________
4.领导们被邀请去参加派对
_____________________________________________________
5.电脑被修好了
_____________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.we
were
shown
the
machines
they
had
turn
out.
2.The
glass
was
broken
by
him.
3.She
was
caught
by
the
policeman.
4.The
managers
were
invited
to
the
party.
5.The
computers
were
repaired.
三、现在进行时的被动语态：am/
is/
are+
being+过去分词
A
new
railway
is
being
built.一条新铁路正在修建中。
The
sports
meeting
is
being
held
in
our
school.
我校正在举行运动会。
Another
bridge
is
being
built
over
the
Changjiang
River.
长江上正在修建另一座大桥。
A
number
of
Dongfeng
trucks
are
being
shipped
abroad.
一批东风卡车正被运往国外。
The
classroom
is
being
cleaned
now.现在学生们正在打扫教室
Some
eggs
are
being
counted.那男孩正在数蛋。
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.That
bridge
is
being
built,
I
can't
stand
the
noise.
____________________________________________________
2.This
film
is
being
shown
now.
____________________________________________________
3.This
report
is
being
written
by
a
student.
____________________________________________________
4.Many
interesting
test
are
being
carried
on.
____________________________________________________
5.Roof
was
being
repaired,
so
making
a
big
noisy
outside
____________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.那座桥正在被建，我受不了这噪音。
2.这部电影正在被放映。
3.报告正由一名学生写着
4.最近正在进行许多有趣的实验
5.由于正在维修屋顶，外面动静很大
四、过去进行时的被动语态：was/were
+
being+过去分词
The
road
was
being
widened
when
I
passed
by
the
village.
我经过村子时，道路正在拓宽
Computer
was
being
majored
by
him
during
his
college.
他那时正在大学学计算机专业。
Another
bridge
was
being
built
over
the
Changjiang
River
then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
Was
a
new
library
being
put
up
in
their
school
just
then？
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗。
This
film
is
being
shown
now.这部电影正在被放映。
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.He
said
that
the
man
was
being
operated
on.
_______________________________________________________
2.He
told
me
that
a
new
station
was
being
built.
_______________________________________________________
3.The
feast
was
being
prepared
when
it
began
to
snow
outside.
_______________________________________________________
4.Was
the
TV
set
being
fixed
this
time
yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
5.The
man
was
being
questioned
by
the
police
at
that
time.
_______________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.他说那个人正在动手术。
2.他说正在修建一个新车站。
3.宴会正在准备之中,这时外边下起了雪
4.昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
5.那个人当时正在接受经常的盘问。
五、一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall
be+过去分词
am/
is/
are
going
to
be+过去分词
The
class
meeting
will
be
held
next
Saturday
afternoon.
班会将于下星期六下午举行。
The
new
film
will
be
shown
next
Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
The
sports
meeting
is
going
to
be
held
on
April
10.
运动会将于四月十日举行。
The
problem
is
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting
tomorrow.
这个问题将在明天的会上讨论。
This
building
will
be
finished
next
year.
这幢楼将于明年完工。
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.These
homework
will
be
finished
in
ten
minutes.
______________________________________________________
2.The
building
will
be
built
in
the
end
of
this
year.
______________________________________________________
3.I
think
he
will
be
beat
in
the
end.
______________________________________________________
4.Thousands
of
trees
be
planted
on
the
hill
next
year.
________________________________________________________
5.They
will
be
asked
to
attend
the
meeting.
________________________________________________________
6.You
will
not
be
allowed
to
leave
in
class.
________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.这些作业将在十分钟内完成。
2.这座大楼将于今年年底建成
3.我想他最终会被打败的。
4.明年，在山上种了几千棵树。
5.他们将受邀参加会议。
6.上课时不准你离开
六、过去将来时的被动语态：would
be
+过去分词
She
said
these
books
would
be
given
away
to
the
students
in
Sichua.
她说这些书将送给四川的学生们。
She
said
that
a
new
trade
center
would
be
built
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
她说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
The
manager
said
the
project
would
be
completed
by
the
end
of
the
year.
经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
She
asked
whether
their
plan
would
be
considered
with
great
care.
她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
I
didn't
expect
that
I
would
be
given
the
prize.
我未曾料到我会获奖。
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.She
asked
when
the
book
would
be
returned.
________________________________________________________
2.She
said
the
work
would
be
done
the
next
day.
________________________________________________________
3.He
said
that
something
would
be
needed
to
finish
the
task.
_______________________________________________________
4.It
was
said
that
they
would
be
selected
by
lottery.
_______________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.她问这本书什么时候还.
2.她说工作会在第二天完成。
3.他说要完成这项任务，需要某种条件。
4.据说他们将抽签选出。
七、现在完成时的被动语态：have/
has
been+过去分词
The
work
has
been
finished
on
time.这项工作已按时完成。
This
work
has
been
finished,
you
may
have
a
rest.
这项工作已被完成，你可以休息一会儿。
This
book
has
been
read
by
me,
you
needn't
tell
me
anything
about
it.
这本书已被我读完，你没有必要告诉我有关它的任何东西。
This
film
has
been
put
on
for
half
an
hour.这场电影已放映了半个小时。
【即学即练】用现在完成时的被动语态翻译下列句子
她买了许多花。
_________________________________________________________
2.门被他锁上了。
_________________________________________________________
3.孩子们给教室带来了很多水。
_________________________________________________________
4.我的朋友读了10本书。
_________________________________________________________
5.两颗坏牙被他拔掉了。
——————————————————————————————
参考答案
1.The
door
has
been
locked
by
him.
2.Many
flowers
have
been
bought
by
her.
3.The
classroom
has
been
brought
much
water
in
by
the
children.
4.10
books
have
been
read
by
my
friend.
5.Two
bad
teeth
have
been
pulled
out
by
him.
八、过去完成的被动语态：had
been
+过去分词
He
said
he
had
been
told
the
truth.他说有人告诉他真相。
The
classroom
hadn’t
been
cleaned
before
the
teacher
came.
老师来之前，教室还没有打扫。
How
many
buildings
had
been
destroyed
when
the
hurricane
ended?
飓风结束时，有多少座建筑物被摧毁了？
Had
the
new
plan
been
discussed
before
the
meeting?新计划在会前讨论过了吗？
【即学即练】翻译下列句子
1.The
boy
was
reminded
that
his
homework
had
not
been
handed
in.
__________________________________________________________
2.The
media
reported
more
than
1,000
people
had
been
killed
in
the
earthquake.
__________________________________________________________
3.When
he
arrived,
he
called
her.
__________________________________________________________
4.They
locked
the
door
before
they
left.
__________________________________________________________
5.We
had
built
five
new
buildings
by
the
end
of
last
year.
__________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1.这个男孩被提醒，他的家庭作业还没有交上来。
2.媒体报道了1000多人在地震中丧生。
3.当他到达时，他给她打了电话。
4.他们在离开前把门锁上了。
5.到去年年底，我们已经建造了五座新建筑物。
一、单项选择：
1.Only
thirty-eight
ideas_______by
the
newspaper.
A.
choose
B.
chose
C.
was
chosen
D.
were
chosen
2.As
usual,
Meihua__________at
6:30
this
morning
by
her
mother
to
get
ready
for
school.
A.
has
woken
up
B.
woke
up
C.
wakes
up
D.
was
woken
up
3.A
neighbour
helped
to
keep
our
dog.
It_______
while
we
were
on
holiday.
A.
was
taken
care
B.
took
care
of
C.
is
taken
care
of
D.
was
taken
care
of
4.
At
the
end
of
the
meeting
Miss
Green
_______two
minutes
to
decide
whether
she
should
join
the
project
or
not.
A.gave
B.
had
given
C.
was
given
D.
was
giving
5.
Mr.
Johnson’s
story
__________by
everyone
who
heard
it.
A.
laughed
at
B.
was
laughed
C.
laughed
D.
was
laughed
at
二、将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。
1.The
computer
club
held
a
writing
competition(竞赛）
_______________________________________________________
2.The
fastest
player
finished
the
game
in
eight
hours.
_______________________________________________________
3.We
took
many
photos.
_______________________________________________________
4.They
use
this
room
for
playing
table
tennis.
________________________________________________________
5.The
bank
built
a
park
for
them.
_______________________________________________________
三、根据所给提示词填空
1.Our
school
__________　__________in
2002.(开办)
2.The
young
trees
must_______________well.(照顾)
3.
________this
building_________(建成)
last
year?
4.The
book
_______
_______(写)
by
him
last
year.
5.
The
bridge
__________
__________(不建造)
in1989..
6.The
29th
Olympic
Games
will_________
________(举行)
in
Beijing
in
2008.
参考答案：
一、1-5DDDBD
二、1.A
writing
competition
was
held
by
the
computer
club.
2.The
game
was
finished
by
the
fastest
player
in
eight
hours
.
3.Many
photos
were
taken
by
us.
4.This
room
is
used
for
playing
table
tennis
by
them.
5.A
park
was
built
for
them
by
the
bank.
三、1.was
opened
be
looked
after
2.Was
built
3.was
written
4.wasn’t
built
5.be
held
时态
被动语态结构
一般现在时
am/is/
are
done
一般过去时
was/
were
done
现在进行时
am/is/
are
being
done
过去进行时
was/
were
being
done
一般将来时
shall/
will/be
going
to
be
done
过去将来时
would
be
done
现在完成时
have/has
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
学生易错点整理：
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