2021年深圳沪教版初三英语专题主从复合句写作（二）讲义 （含答案）

1.中考英语定语从句题型介绍
定语从句是中考英语作文中的高分句型，但是运用不当也容易出错。熟练运用定语从句，能为作文画龙点睛。要求学生对于主从复合句掌握得当，具备一定的表达能力、综合运用能力。定语从句作为初中的重要知识点之一，在作文中的考查也占有重要比例，自2016年起在深圳中考英语范文中都可见定语从句，其重要性日益彰显。
2.中考英语定语从句写作能力考查
中考英语定语从句写作主要考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，熟悉运用主从复合句技巧，正确处理句子成分，分清关系代词与关系副词的运用，以及恰当运用限制性定语从句或限制性定语从句，形成有逻辑有条理的连贯篇章。
3.本章易错点及难点
①关系代词和关系副词的混用
②与强调句型或其他句型混淆
③忽略that和which引导限制性定语从句的区别
④介词前置出差错
⑤固定句式出错
⑥主谓不一致
定语从句的学习从初三开始，初一初二的写作未涉及定语从句。初三学习的定语从句在知识点的考查中主要是句子成分的分析，在写作中的运用则比较灵活，无论在说明文还是议论文中都可适当运用。
定语从句
定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
先行词与关系词
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句的定义：定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
Eg.1
:
The
man
[who
lives
next
to
us
is
a
policeman].
住在我们旁边的那个男的是个警察。
Eg.2
:
You
must
do
everything
[that
I
do].
你必须重复我做的每件事情。
上述两句中man
和
everything
是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,
which,
who(宾格whom，所有格whose)和关系副词where,
when,
why。
【即学即练】
用关系词把下面句子连成一句
The
place
interested
me
most;
The
place
was
the
Children’s
Palace
______________________________________________________________
2．Do
you
know
the
man?
I
spoke
to
the
man.
______________________________________________________________
This
is
the
hotel;
They
stayed
at
the
hotel
last
month.
______________________________________________________________
That
is
the
day;
I’ll
never
forget
the
day.
______________________________________________________________
The
factory
is
not
far
from
here;
We’ll
visit
next
week.
______________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
The
place
which
interested
me
most
was
the
Children’s
Palace.
Do
you
know
the
man
whom
I
spoke
to?
This
is
the
hotel
where
they
stayed
last
month.
That
is
the
day
which
I’ll
never
forget.
The
factory
which
we
visit
next
week
is
not
far
from
here.
先行词与关系词
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Do
you
know
the
girl
who
is
singing
on
the
stage?
你认识在舞台上唱歌的那个姑娘吗？the
girl为先行词。
先行词与关系词的关系
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。例：Talking
about
the
USA,
New
York
is
the
first
thing
that
comes
to
mind.
谈到美国，人们最先想到的就是纽约（作主语）。I’ll
cherish
the
moment
when
I
met
Lisa.
我将珍惜我和丽萨见面的时刻（作状语）。
注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。
Eg.
:
This
is
the
right
book
that
you
are
looking
for
the
book.
(应去掉the
book)
关系代词和关系副词
常见的关系代词
指人
指物
指人或物
主语
Who，that
Which，that
That
宾语
Who，whom，that
Which，that
That
所有格
Whose/of
whom
Whose/of
which
Whose
常见的关系副词
先行词
关系副词
时间
day,
year,
date,
time
When,
during,
which
地点
The
place,
the
city
Where,
in
which,
from
which
原因
The
reason
Why,
for
which,
that
例：Mr.
Smith
met
many
friends
whom/that
he
admired
at
the
meeting.
Whom/that
在定语从句中作admired的宾语，指代many
friends.
例：Mark
in
the
places
where
you
have
questions.
Where在定语从句中作地点状语。
例：I
still
remember
the
time
when
we
first
met
several
years
ago.
When在定语从句中作时间状语。
【即学即练】
用定语从句翻译以下句子:
1.他已经参观了他的祖先居住的地方。
__________________________________________________________
2.我还记得我们十年前相遇的时候。
__________________________________________________________
3.我上个星期日买的这本书非常有趣！
__________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1.
He’s
already
visited
the
place
where
his
ancestors
lived.
2.
I
still
remember
the
time
when
we
first
met
ten
years
ago.
3.
The
book
that/which
I
bought
last
Sunday
is
really
fun.
关系代词引导的定语从句
Who指人，在定语从句中作主语
例：The
boy
who
wears
a
white
shirt
is
my
brother.
例：He
is
the
man
who
gives
me
the
gift.
【即学即练】
用定语从句翻译以下句子:
1.我在街上遇见的那个女孩是我的表姐。
_________________________________________________
2.我喜欢自己作曲的歌手。
_________________________________________________
3.老师喜欢学习用功的学生。
_________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1.
The
girl
who
I
met
in
the
street
is
my
cousin.
2.
I
like
the
singers
who
write
his
own
music.
3.
The
teachers
like
the
students
who
study
hard.
whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
例：I
have
many
friends
to
whom
I
am
going
to
visit.
【即学即练】
1.你认识那个我们在门口遇见的年轻人吗？
__________________________________________________
2.你想见的李先生已经到了。
__________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1.
Do
you
know
the
young
man
whom
we
met
at
the
gate?
2.
Mr,
Lee
whom
you
wants
to
see
has
come.
Which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
例：This
is
the
book
you
are
looking
for.
【即学即练】
1.每个班收集可回收的废物。
________________________________________________
2.我喜欢对人友好的动物。
________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1.
Every
class
collects
waste
which
can
be
recycled
or
used
again.
2.
I
like
animals
which/that
are
friendly
to
people.
4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
例：The
people
that/who
come
to
visit
the
city
are
all
there.
【即学即练】
连词成句：
never,
I,
the,
forget,
that,
mom,
me,
can,
stories,
my,
told
____________________________________________________
【参考答案】
I
can
never
forget
the
stories
that
my
mom
told
me.
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
例：You’re
the
only
one
whose
advice
he
might
listen
to.
Whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替。
例：
I’d
like
a
room
whose
window
opens
toward
the
sea.
=
I’d
like
a
room
the
window
of
which
opens
toward
the
sea.
【即学即练】
连词成句：
girl,
is,
The,
is,
yellow,
whose,
hat,
my
sister,
____________________________________________________
【参考答案】
The
girl
whose
hat
is
yellow
is
my
sister.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在句中作状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词。例：why+for
which；where=in/at/on/…which(介词同先行词搭配)；when=during/on/in/…which(介词同先行词搭配)
Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，用来表示地点的定语从句。
例:
Shenzhen
is
the
city
where
I
was
born.
【即学即练】
翻译句子：
1.这就是我三年前就读的初中。
________________________________________________
【参考答案】
This
is
the
primary
school
where
I
studied
three
years
ago.
when引导定语从句表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，常可用on
which，in
which，at
which，during
which等代替。
例：April
the
first
is
the
day
when
people
make
fun
of
others.
=
April
the
first
is
the
day
on
which
people
make
fun
of
others.
注意：表示时间time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。例：By
the
time
you
arrived
in
London,
we
had
stayed
there
for
two
weeks.
【即学即练】
翻译句子：
1.我永远不会忘记当时你来我们学校演讲那一天。
_______________________________________________________
【参考答案】
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
you
came
to
our
school
and
gave
us
a
speech.
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Why不可引导非限制性定语从句。
例：I
have
come
around
to
explain
the
reason
why
I
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。例：The
reason
why/for
which
he
refused
the
invitation
is
not
clean.
【即学即练】
翻译句子：
1.他迟到是因为糟糕的天气。
________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
The
reason
why/for
which
he
was
late
is
bad
weather.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
相对于先行词的关系
从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，主句意思不完整或者失去意义
只对先行词作附加的补充说明，即使省略，主句的意思仍然完整，不会引起意义上的混乱
逗号
主句的先行词与定语从句之间，不用逗号分开，翻译时常翻译为前置定语
主句的先行词与定语从句之间，往往用逗号隔开，翻译时可译成一个并列分句，有时可以改写成一个并列分句
引导词
可以用who代替whom,引导词有省略现象
一般不用that引导非限制性定语从句，引导词不可以省略，不能用who代替whom
【即学即练】
观察下列句子，判断限制性定从与非限制性定从。
①This
gift
was
the
Amber
Room，which
was
given
this
name
because
several
tons
of
amber
were
used
to
make
it.
②The
amber
which
was
selected
had
a
beautiful
yellow
brown
colour
like
honey.
③Later，Catherine
Ⅱ
had
the
Amber
Room
moved
to
a
palace
outside
St
Petersburg
where
she
spent
her
summers.
④This
was
a
time
when
the
two
countries
were
at
war.
⑤There
is
no
doubt
that
the
boxes
were
then
put
on
a
train
for
Konigsberg，which
was
at
that
time
a
German
city
on
the
Baltic
Sea.
【参考答案】
①⑤为非限制性定语从句，与主句之间有逗号；②③④为限制性定语从句，与主句之间无逗号。
1.用适当的关系词填空：
1)
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
on
________
they
met
for
the
very
first
time
last
summer.
2)
This
is
the
place
_________
he
so
often
mentioned
to
me.
3)
“What
a
scientist!
What
wonderful
invention!”
he
talked
excitedly
about
Bill
Gates
and
his
Microsoft
Company
_________
is
now
a
focus
(焦点)
of
newspapers
and
television.
4)
He
is
old,
________
fact
is
important
in
this
case.
5)
Finally,
the
thief
handed
everything
__________
he
had
stolen.
6)
With
_________
were
you
talking?
7)
They
are
talking
about
the
people
and
things
________
they
are
on
their
way
home.
8)
Those
_______
want
to
buy
the
house
may
sign
their
names
first.
9)
That’s
the
way
_______
they
work.
2.
把下列各题的两句话合并成一个带定语从句的复合句。
1)The
students
will
not
be
able
to
pass
the
English
exam.
They
don’t
work
hard
enough.
_____________________________________________________________________
2)The
teacher
is
my
physics
teacher
.
You
saw
him
on
the
playground
just
now.
_____________________________________________________________________
3)
The
woman
is
an
English
teacher.
She
is
standing
at
the
school
gate.
_____________________________________________________________________
4)
This
is
the
girl.
Her
sister
is
a
famous
singer.
_____________________________________________________________________
5)
The
book
is
good.
I
am
reading.
_____________________________________________________________________
3.
完成下列句子。
Here
is
the
knife
_________________________________________（你昨天丢失的）。
This
is
the
best
novel
_____________________________________（我读过的）。
I
have
lost
the
dictionary
____________________________________（我姐姐给我买的）。
Rice
is
a
plant
________________________________________（中国南方种植的）。
The
woman
________________________________________（上周六给他们做报告的）is
a
famous
scientist.
4.用定语从句改写句子
1）I
see
many
running
creatures.
They
are
made
of
metal
and
glass.
Their
feet
are
round.
They
have
four
eyes.
Two
of
the
four
eyes
are
red.
Inside
I
see
soft
shapes.
They
can
move.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2)
Our
class
is
a
big
family
;
It
consists
of
12
girls
and
50
boys.
Most
of
them
are
mainly
from
the
countryside.
Zhao
Qiang
is
a
kind-hearted
boy.
He
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
He
is
such
a
good
boy
that
we
all
like
him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1.
用适当的关系词填空：
1）which
介词后面只能用which.
2）that/which
3）that
4）which
5）
that
（
同3
）
6）
whom
7）
that
8）
who
those
指人时用who.
9）
that
.
way
作先行词时，常用that
或in
which
引导定于从句.
2.
把下列各题的两句话合并成一个带定语从句的复合句。
1.
The
students
who/that
don’t
study
hard
will
not
be
able
to
pass
the
English
exam.
2.
The
teacher
(who/that)
you
saw
on
the
playground
is
my
physics
teacher.
3.
The
woman
who/that
is
standing
at
the
school
gate
is
an
English
teacher.
4.
This
is
the
girl
whose
sister
is
a
famous
singer.
5.
The
book
(that/which)
I
am
reading
is
good.
3.
完成下列句子。
1.
(which/that)
you
lost
yesterday
2.
(that)
I
have
read
3.
(which/that)
my
sister
bought
me
4.
Which/that
is
grown
in
the
south
of
China
5.
Who
gave
them
the
report
last
Saturday
4.用定语从句改写句子
1）I
see
many
running
creatures
which
/
that
are
made
of
metal
and
glass.
Their
feet
are
round
and
they
have
four
eyes,
two
of
which
are
red.
Inside
I
see
soft
shapes
that
can
move.
2）Our
class
is
a
big
family
which
consists
of
12
girls
and
50
boys,
most
of
whom
are
mainly
from
the
countryside.
Zhao
Qiang
is
a
kind-hearted
boy,
who
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
He
is
a
good
boy
whom
we
all
like.
定语从句
定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
先行词与关系词
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
学生易错点整理：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________