2021年深圳沪教版初三英语专题主从复合句写作（一）讲义 （含答案）

书面表达是历年中考英语的重点主观测试题之一，该题在深圳中考英语卷中占
15
分，占全卷分值
15%，是重要题型。
如何写好一篇优秀的书面表达，要求考生除了具备丰富词汇、短语，还需要有规范的语法意识，灵活多变的句型转换能力，恰当的连词运用都是缺一不可的。此外，再是对书面表达所涉及话题的把握。
为了让我们英语作文的句型灵活多样，仅靠堆砌主谓宾式的简单句是远不够的，适时、正确地运用主从复合句于写作，能为我们的作文增添亮点。
复合句是由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，仅用作主句中的一个成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语，状语等。主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句又称为名词性从句。初中阶段常见的复合从句有宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
主从复合从句的学习贯穿于初中三年的语法学习中：从七年级上---条件状语从句（一），七年级下---时间状语从句；八年级上---条件状语从句（二）；九年级上---让步状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句，及九年级下---结果状语从句和目的状语从句、表语从句及主语从句。
本部分主要介绍主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句的语法知识及其在写作中的运用。主语从句初中教材中学习的是以it作形式主语的用法，表语从句则主要接触的是形容词+that从句的句型，宾语从句是初中阶段的三大从句之一，为中学语法的重点主从复合句。
本专题在教材的基础上，全面地讲解主语从句和表语从句，旨在帮助学生更好地运用于英语写作中，同时也为高中英语复合句的学习垫定基础。
名词性从句分类
分类
主语从句
由that引导的主语从句
由whether引导主语从句
连词代词what,
who,
which,
whose等引导的主语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的主语从句
whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句
宾语从句
that引导宾语从句
whether,
if引导宾语从句
连接代词what,
who,
whose等引导的宾语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的宾语从句
whatever,
whoever,
whomever,
whenever,
wherever等引导宾语从句
表示爱憎情感的动词引导的宾语从句，it
做形似宾语
表语从句
that在引导表语从句
whether引导表语从句
连接代词
who,
whom,
whose,
what,which引导的表语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的表语从句
as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句
主从复合句在初中的语法学习中占有十分重要的地位，本专题主要介绍的是主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，它们又同时属于名词性从句。
名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。初中阶段接触到的主要是前三种从句，引导名词性从句的关联词有：
类别
词义
在句中过的作用
连词that
无任何意义
起连接作用，不做成分
连词whether,
if
是否
起连接作用，不做成分
连接代词what，which，who，
whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，Whichever
有各自的含义
连接从句，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语
连接副词how，when，why，where，however，whenever，wherever
有各自的含义
连接从句，在从句中作状语
主语从句
一
定义：
在复合句中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。
二
主语从句的类型：
1.由that引导的主语从句
这是用得最多的一类主语从句，that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。但这种把that放在句首的情况是很少的，只是为了强调或者谓语较长时才如此：
句型：That
+从句+陈述句。或
主句+that+陈述句。
That
she
is
alive
is
a
consolation.
她还活着是令人感到欣慰的。
That
she
was
chosen
made
us
very
happy.
她被选中我们很开心。
That
he
will
come
is
certain.他会来是毫无疑问的。
⑴that从句作主语时，为了防止句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，放在句首位置，真正主语搁置于句末。常见的句型有：
①It
+
be
+形容词（true,surprising,good,possible,likely,certain,probable,
etc.)+that
从句：
It
is
likely
that
he
will
come.
他很可能会来。
It
is
certain
that
she
will
do
well
in
her
exam.
毫无疑问她会在考试中考好。
It
is
strange
that
she
has
ever
trusted
him.
很奇怪她居然曾经相信他。
★此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用
(should)
+
v原形。
It
is
important
that
he
(should)
attend
the
meeting.
他应该参加会议，这很重要。
It
is
strange
that
no
one
should
have?objected?to
the
plan.
真奇怪，竟没人反对这个计划。
It
is
best
that
he
(should)
go.
他最好要去。
②It
+
be
+
名词（词组）(a
good
thing,
a
pity,
no
surprise,etc)+that从句：
It
is
no
surprise
that
our
team
has
won
the
game.
我们队已经赢了那场比赛并不令人惊奇
It
is
common
knowledge
that
the
whale
is
not
a
fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
It's
a
pity
that
he
should
have
catched
the
train.
很遗憾，他本应该赶上火车的。
③It
+be
+过去分词
(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句：
It
is
said
that
Mr.Green
has
arrived
in
Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到北京了。
It
is
decided
that
the
meeting
has
been
put
off
till
next
Friday.
已经定下来，会议推迟到下周一了。
It
is
reported
that
there
will
be
a
storm
this
afternoon.
据报道今天下午会有暴风雨。
④It
+
seem/happen/appear等不及物动词
+
that从句：（look不接that从句，它接to
be结构或形容词）
It
seems
that
he
is
wrong.
他似乎是错的。
It
appears
that
they
are
in
urgent
need
of
help.
他们急需帮助。
He
looks
(to
be)
surprised/happy/sad.
他看起来很疑惑/开心/难过。
⑵在口语中，that常可以省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，但that从句位于句首时，that是不可省略的。
It
is
a
pity
(that)
you
are
leaving.你要离开，真遗憾。
That
we
are
invited
to
the
concert
this
evening
is
good
news
to
us.
我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对于我们来说是好消息。
【即学即练】
据报道，三个人在这次事故中受伤。（be
injured)
_____________________________________________________________________
已宣布他成为总统了。（announce)
_____________________________________________________________________
看起来天要下雨了。（seem)
_____________________________________________________________________
碰巧我们在同一个城市工作。（it
happened)
_____________________________________________________________________
可惜的是，你昨天没来看那部电影。（it
is
a
pity)
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
It’s
reported
that
three
people
were
injured
in
the
accident.
It
was
announced
that
he
became
president.
It
seems
that
it’s
going
to
rain.
It
happened
that
we
work
in
the
same
city.
It
is
a
pity
that
you
didn’t
see
the
film
yesterday.
由whether/if引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。whether既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从句中(也可使用whether)。
句型：whether
+从句+陈述句。
或
it
+陈述句+
whether/if
+从句
。
Whether
he
will
win
the
game
is
not
clear.
他是否能赢比赛还不确定。
Whether
she
comes
or
not
doesn't
concern
me.
她是否来或不来和我没关系。
It
is
not
clear
whether/if
he
will
come.
他是否会来不确定。
【即学即练】
是否对我们有益还要看一看。(remain
to
be，用whether位于句首的句式)
_____________________________________________________________________
是否对我们有益还要看一看。(用it做形式主语的句式,if引导)
____________________________________________________________________
这个乐队是否会来我们城市仍然是个谜。(band,mystery,用if引导)
_____________________________________________________________________4.
他来不来都没关系。（用whether引导）
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Whether
it
will
do
good
to
us
remains
to
be
seen.
It
remains
to
be
seen
if
it
will
do
good
to
us.
It
was
still
a
mystery
if
the
band
would
visit
our
city.
Whether
he
comes
or
not
makes
no
difference.
连词代词what,
who,
which,
whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
句型：连接代词
+从句+陈述句。
What
we
need
is
more
time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
Who
was?responsible?for
the
accident
is
not
yet
clear.
谁对事故负责还不清楚。
Which
school
you
want
to
go
matters
much.
你想去哪个学校很重要。
【即学即练】
____________________________________________hasn’t
been
decided
yet.(pick)谁将去接他还没决定。
____________________________________________in
learning
English
is
enough
practice.(matter)英语学习中，最重要的是足够的练习。
_______________________________
is
unknown.(belongs
to)手表的归属是未知的.
4.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)__________________________________
is
not
clear
.
【参考答案】
Who
will
pick
him
up
What
matters
most
Whom
the
watch
belongs
to
Which
class
will
win
the
football
match
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。
句型：连接副词
+从句+陈述句。
Why
he
did
this
is
not
known.
他为什么这么做没人知道。
When
he
will
come
is
still
unknown.
他什么时候会来仍然不知道。
How
he
succeeded
is
unknown
to
us.
我们不知道他如何成功的。
【即学即练】
.(我们如何去那里)__________________________________________
is
a
question.
____________________________________
is
being
discussed.(abroad)他将何时出国正在讨论中。
______________________________________
hasn’t
been
made
public.他们什么时候来还不知道。
______________________________________
is
none
of
your
business.
我在哪过暑假不关你的事。
_____________________________________________________
remains
a
mystery.
(be
absent
from)他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜。
【参考答案】
How
we
will
go
there
When
he
will
go
abroad
When
they
will
come
Where
I
will
spend
my
summer
holiday
Why
he
was
absent
from
the
meeting
★以连接副词和whether引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语，有以下几种句型结构：
①
It
+
be
+形容词+从句：
It’s
uncertain
whether
the
game
will
be
held.
球赛是否举行还不知道。
It
was
uncertain
why
he
behaved
like
that.
我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。
②It
+
be
+名词+从句：
It
was
a
question
whether
he
should
get
married.
他是否应结婚还是个问题。
It’s
a
puzzle
how
life
began.
生命如何开始的还是一个谜团。
③It
+
动词(
宾语/状语）+从句：
It
doesn’t
matter
much
where
we
live.
我们在哪儿住都没多大关系。
It
makes
no
difference
whether
we
go
by
train
or
by
boat.
我们坐火车去还是坐船去都无所谓。
【即学即练】
他们什么时候到达车站不重要。(matter)
_____________________________________________________________________
这个事故如何发生的还不知道。(accident,happen)
____________________________________________________________________
我在哪过暑假不关你的事。(summer
holiday)
_____________________________________________________________________
真遗憾我们不能去南方度过我们的暑假.(pity,summer
vacation)
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
It
doesn’t
matter
when
they
will
arrive
at
the
station.
It
is
still
unknown
how
the
accident
happened.
It
is
none
of
your
business
where
I
will
spend
my
summer
holiday.
It
is
a
pity
that
we
won't
be
able
to
go
to
the
south
to
spend
our
summer
vacation.
也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。
句型：whatever等词
+从句+陈述句。
Whoever
told
you
to
give
up
smoking
was
quite
right.
无论谁告诉你戒烟都是对的。
Whatever
he
gave
you
should
be
handed
in.
无论他给你什么都得上交。
Whoever
comes
is
welcome.
无论谁来都欢迎。
【即学即练】
___________________________________________
should
be
punished.(break)任何违法的人都应该被处罚。
_______________________________
is
right.你做的任何事情都是对的.
_______________________________
will
receive
a
prize.(come
in
first)不管你们谁第一个到达都可以得到一份奖品。
________________________________,
I
will
go
with
you.
无论你去哪，我都会陪着你。
【参考答案】
whoever
breaks
the
law
Whatever
you
did
Which
of
you
comes
in
first
Wherever
you
go
宾语从句
一
定义：
在复合句中担当宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做宾语从句。
二
宾语从句的分类：
that引导宾语从句时通常接陈述句，只有语法功能，无含义，不充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。常见的可接that从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,believe,tell,show,think等。
句型：主句+that+陈述句。
My
brother
said
(that)
he
wanted
to
stay
at
home.
我弟弟说他想待在家里。
I
am
sure
(that)
he
will
become
a
great
actor.
我肯定他会成为一名伟大的演员。
Let's
suppose（that）one
day
this
happens
to
you.
我们可以设想下有天这发生在你身上。
★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：
I
told
him
(that)
he
was
wrong.
我告诉他他是错的。
★在少数动词如：think,
believe,
suppose,
expect,
imagine,?calculate,
fancy,?reckon,
be
supposed
,
seem,
appear,
feel
as
if,
look
as
if,
look
like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希望”,
guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I
hope
not.“我希望不是那样的”，是I
hope
so.的否定式。I
don't
hope
so.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：
I
don't
think
it
will
be
very
cold
today.
我认为今天不会很冷。
I
don't
think
you
are
right.
我认为你是不对的。
I
don't
believe
he
has
finished
his
work.
我相信他没有完成工作。
注意：
①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。
②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。
We
didn't
think
we'd
be
this
late.
我们没想到我们会这么晚。
③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。
Why
do
you
think
we
can't
change
your
note?
为什么你认为我们不能更改你的笔记？
I
do
believe
Tom
never
tells
a
lie.
我相信汤姆从来不说谎。
They
still
didn't
believe
that
the
food
would
come.
他们仍然不相信食物会来。
I
can't
believe
that
they
are
married.我无法相信他们结婚了。
④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。
主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。
I
had
thought
that
he
would
not
come.我已经想到了他不能来了。
⑤当宾语从句中有no,
never,
hardly,
not
at
all,
not
a
bit,
not...enough,
can't
help
doing等时不能否定转移。
I
think
I
can't
help
laughing
if
I
see
it.
我想如果我看到，会忍不住大笑的。
I
believe
he
never
tells
a
lie.
我相信他从不说谎。
▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。
We
think
it
wrong
that
he
told
a
lie
to
everyone.我们认为他对大家撒谎是不对的。
We
thought
it
a
pity
that
she
should
have
missed
the
chance.
我们觉得他错失这个机会很遗憾。
He
has
made
it
clearly
that
he
will
not
give
in.
他不会屈服的，这点他已经明确表示了。
【即学即练】
我知道我应该努力学习。（work
hard）
他说他想跟他的朋友们去游泳。（go
swimming）
韩冬说他对电脑游戏感兴趣。（be
interested
in
)
_____________________________________________________________________
我认为他的父亲不会来这里。（否定前置，think）
凯文告诉我他将动身去上海。（leave
for）
【参考答案】
I
know
I
should
work
hard.
He
said
he
wanted
to
go
swimming
with
his
friends.
Han
Dong
says
he
is
interested
in
playing
computer
games.
I
don’t
think
his
father
will
come
here.
Kevin
told
me
that
he
was
leaving
for
Shanghai.
whether,
if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。
句型：主句+if/whether
+陈述句。如：
He
asked
if
she
would
come.
他问她是否会来。
I
want
to
know
if/whether
he
lives
in
Beijing.
我想知道他是否住在北京。
It
depends
on
whether
you
will
help
him.
这个事情取决于你是否会帮他。
★注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：
①
引导主语从句置于句首时;
②
whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or
not时;
I
don't
know
whether
or
not
he
will
come.
我不知道他是否会来;
③
whether从句作介词宾语时;
They
are
talking
about
whether
he
will
win
the
game.
他们在谈论他否会赢得比赛。
Everything
depends
on
whether
you
agree
with
us.
每件事情都取决于你是否同意我们。
④
whether后接不定式时;
I
don't
know
whether
to
attend
the
meeting.
我不知道是否该参加会议。
⑤
动词discuss,
decide的宾语从句时。
【即学即练】
他们不知道他们的老师是否喜欢那份礼物。（present）
我不知道他的父母是否已到达。（had
arrived)
_____________________________________________________________________
她问我是否可以帮助她。(could)
_____________________________________________________________________
你知道他是否通过考试吗？(pass
the
exam)
我想知道现在是否有去杭州的火车。(there
be)
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
They
don’t
know
if/whether
their
teacher
liked
the
present.
I
don’t
know
if/whether
his
parents
have
arrived.
She
asked
me
if/whether
I
could
help
her.
Do
you
know
if/whether
he
can
pass
the
exam?
I
want
to
know
if/whether
there
is
a
train
to
Hangzhou.
连接代词what,
who,
whose等引导的宾语从句。
句型：主句+连接代词+陈述句。
Tell
me
what
you
want.
告诉我你想要什么。
Do
you
know
who
will
come
at
the
meeting?
你知道谁会来参加会议吗？
注意：who,
whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：
Do
you
know
whom
(who)
he
will
invite?
你知道他会邀请谁吗？
①whose,
which,
what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：
Whose
book
it
is
not
important.
这是谁的书并不重要。
Please
tell
me
which
school
you
want
to
go.
请告诉我你想去哪个学校。
He
didn't
know
what
time
it
was.
他不知道现在是什么时候。
②一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：which
food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；what
food则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。
I
don't
know
which
/
what
food
you
want.我不知道你想要啥食物。
如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用what
food。
【即学即练】
你知她正在等谁吗？（who/whom,wait
for)
_____________________________________________________________________
你可以告诉我，我应该坐哪一辆公共汽车吗？（which
bus
)
_____________________________________________________________________
他问谁的书法写得最好。（whose
handwriting)
_____________________________________________________________________
汤姆问几点了。(what
time)
_____________________________________________________________________
他问凯特他们在谈论谁。（who/whom,talk
about)
_____________________________________________________________________【参考答案】
Do
you
know
who
is
she
waiting
for
?
Can
you
tell
me
which
bus
I
should
take
?
He
asked
whose
handwriting
is
the
best.
Tom
asked
what
time
it
is.
He
asked
Kate
whom
they
are
talking
about.
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的宾语从句。
句型：主句+连接副词+陈述句。
I
don't
know
when
the
meeting
will
be
held.
我不知道会议啥时候会举办。
Please
tell
me
where
I
can
find
Tom.
请告诉我哪里可以找到汤姆。
Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
post
office?
你能告诉我怎去邮局怎么走吗？
【即学即练】
我想知道他去哪里了。（where,
have
gone)
__________________________________________________________________
他不知道火车为什么迟到。(why,be
late)
__________________________________________________________________
请告诉我怎样才能到达汽车站。（how
,
the
bus
station)
__________________________________________________________________
他们不知道我们明天什么时候见面。
(when,
meet)
__________________________________________________________________
你知道双人房要多少钱吗？(how
much,a
double
room)
__________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
I
wonder
where
he
has
gone.
He
didn’t
know
why
the
train
was
late.
Please
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
bus
station.
They
don’t
know
when
we
will
meet
tomorrow.
Do
you
know
how
much
a
double
room
costs
?
5
可用whatever,
whoever,
whomever,
whenever,
wherever等引导宾语从句。
句型：主句+whatever等词+陈述句。
Please
write
down
whatever
he
is
saying.
请写下他说的所有话。
I
don't
know
whoever
will
come.
我不知道谁会来。
I'll
do
whatever
you
ask
me
to.
我会做你叫我做的任何事情。
6
表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy,
hate,
love,
like,
dislike,
don't
mind,?resent,?appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count
on,
depend
on,
rely
on,
see
to,
look
forward
to,
be
fond
of,
feel
like,
see
to等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。
句型：主句+连接词+陈述句。
I
like
it
when
she
smiles
at
me.
我喜欢她对我微笑。
I
love
it
when
you
sing.
我喜欢你唱歌。
I
hate
it
if
I
am
spoken
to
loudly
in
public.
我讨厌在公众场合有人对我大叫。
【即学即练】
1.
我认为迈克不会来参加我的生日聚会了。
I
___________
think
Mike
___________
___________
to
my
birthday
party.
2.
爱丽丝说她已经买了一台新电脑。
Alice
said
that
she
___________
___________
___________
a
new
computer.
3.
弗兰克说他要去上海。
Frank
said
that
he
___________
___________
for
Shanghai.
4.
我想知道这个小女孩为什么在哭。
I
wonder
___________
the
little
girl
___________
___________
.
5.
他没有告诉我今晚有没有去深圳的火车。
He
didn't
tell
me
___________
___________
___________
a
train
to
Shenzhen
this
evening.
6.
你决定将怎样帮助那些贫困地区的孩子了吗？
Have
you
decided
___________
you
___________
___________
the
children
in
the
poor
area?
【参考答案】
1.
don't;
will
come/is
coming
2.
had
already
bought
3.
was
leaving/would
leave
4.
why;
is
crying
5.
if/
whether
there
was
6.
how;
would
help
表语从句
一
定义：
在复合句中担当表语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做表语从句。位于主句系动词（be,?become,?appear,?seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等）的后面，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等。
二
表语从句的分类：
that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。
句型：主句+that+陈述句。
①表示事实、真理等的实际内容。
The
fact
is
that
he
is
lying.
事实是他在撒谎。
The?odds?are
that
he
will
not
do
it.
他可能不会做。
②表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。
Our?belief?is
that
things
will
improve.
我们相信事情会好转的。
The
trouble
is
that
we
are
short
of
money.
困恼是我们缺钱。
whether引导表语从句（不可用if)。
句型：主句+
whether
+陈述句。
His
first
question
was
whether
Holmes
had
arrived
yet.
他第一问题是Holmes到了没有。
The
question
is
whether
people
will
buy
it.
问题是人们是否会购买。
连接代词who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which引导的表语从句。
句型：主句+连接代词+陈述句。
This
is
what
I
want.
这是我们想要的。
The
question
is
who
can
be
chosen
to
be?manager?of
the
company.
问题是谁可以当选公司的经理。
My
question
is
which
of
them
is
better.
我的问题是，他们当中谁更好。
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的表语从句。
句型：主句+连接副词+陈述句。
The
problem
seemed
how
we
could
make
him
understand
it.
这个问题似乎是我们怎么做可以让他理解。
The
question
is
where
we
should
go.问题是我们该去哪。
as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。
句型：主句+
as
if/as
though
+陈述句。
He
looks
as
if
he
were
angry.他看起来好像生气了。
It
looks
as
if
it's
going
to
rain.看天气要下雨了。
【即学即练】
问题的关键是这么多人在交通事故中丧生。（the
point
is
)
你可能会考试及格。（the
chance
is
）
事实上是，吸引力就其本身来说它是没有好坏之分的。（the
face
is
)
问题是我忘了他的电话号码了。(
the
problem/question
is
that
)
_____________________________________________________________________
.那就是我们为什么在这里。(that
is)
【参考答案】
The?point?is?that?so?many?people?are?killed?in?the?traffic?accidents.
The?chance?is?that?you?will?pass?the?exam.?
But?the?fact?is?that?attraction?is?neither?good?nor?bad.
The?problem/question?is?that?I?forget?his?telephone?number.
That?is?why?we?are?here.
主从复合句的时态问题
一
宾语从句的时态
在宾语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态遵循一致关系原则,
通常由主句谓语的时态决定从句谓语的时态。
若主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,如：一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时一般将来时,从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
He
says
that
he
is
doing
well
in
his
lessons.
他说他功课做的很好。
Please
tell
us
where
he
is.
请告诉我们他在哪里。
Can
you
tell
me
what
he
said
just
now
?
你能告诉我刚才他说了什么吗？
【即学即练】
我听说物理不容易。（从句用一般现在时）
_____________________________________________________________________
我想知道他是否正在上网。（从句用现在进行时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
你知道它什么时候会到达吗？（从句用一般现在时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
你可以想象他们是多么的兴奋。（从句用一般过去时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
我不知道那个时候他正在做什么。（从句用过去进行时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
I
hear
that
physics
isn’t
easy.
I
want
to
know
if/whether
he
is
surfing
the
Internet.
Do
you
know
when
it
will
arrive
?
You
can
imagine
how
excited
they
were.
I
wonder
what
he
was
doing
at
that
time.
若主句谓语动词是过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时)，从句谓语动词也必须是过去时态。
He
said
he
enjoyed
himself
last
Sunday.
他说他上周日玩得很开心。
She
asked
if
you
had
written
to
Peter.
她问你是否写过信给皮特。
He
said
that
he
would
go
back
to
Macao
soon.
他说他会很快回到澳门。
【即学即练】
她说她想要在家里学习。（从句用一般过去时态）
____________________________________________________________________
他告诉我他正在准备数学考试。（从句用过去进行时态）
____________________________________________________________________
他说他将会回到乡下。（从句用过去将来时）
____________________________________________________________________
琳达说公交车已经离开了。（从句用过去完成时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
他们问我，我们的英语老师去哪里了。（从句用过去完成时态）
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
She
said
that
she
wanted
to
study
at
home.
He
told
me
he
was
studying
for
the
math
test
.
He
said
he
would
go
back
to
the
countryside.
Linda
said
the
bus
had
left.
They
asked
me
where
our
English
teacher
had
gone.
当从句表示客观事物或真理，或人们已经公认的道理时，即使主句谓语动词使用了过去时的某种时态，从句的时态仍然是现在的某种时态。
The
teacher
said
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
His
father
said
he
gets
up
at
six
o'clock
every
morning.
他爸爸说他每天早上六点起床。
Our
teacher
said
that
December
is
the
last
month
of
the
year.
我们的老师说12月是一年中最后一个月。
【即学即练】
电台说云稍后就会消散。（lift,later
on
)
_____________________________________________________________________
吉姆问光是不是比声音传播得更快。（travel
fast)
_____________________________________________________________________
我叔叔说没有消息就是好消息。（no
news)
_____________________________________________________________________
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
（move
around)
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
The
radio
says
the
clouds
will
lift
later
on.
Jim
asked
whether
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
My
uncle
said
no
news
is
good
news.
The
teacher
told
us
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
二
主语从句和表语从句的时态
在主语从句和表语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致关系所遵守的法则
和宾语从句相同。
The
problem
was
that
it
was
too
valuable
for
everyday
use.
问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
What
she
couldn’t
understand
was
that
fewer
and
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
What
caused
the
accident
is
a
complete
mystery.
这起事故的起因还是个谜。
It
shocked
me
that
Peter
didn’t
tell
anybody
where
he
was.
我很震惊皮特没有告诉任何人他在哪。
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
encouraged
everyone.
他在会上的一席话激励了每个人。
It
appears
that
they
are
in
urgent
need
of
help.
他们看起来似乎急需帮助。
【即学即练】
据说他曾经是大公司的经理。（it
is
said
that)
_____________________________________________________________________
问题是谁会当选为这个国家的总理。（be
elected
president
of
)
_____________________________________________________________________
他为什么离开了不重要。
_____________________________________________________________________
这是鲁迅以前居住的地方。（used
to)
____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
It
is
said
that
he
used
to
be
the
manager
of
a
big
company.
The
question
is
who
will
be
elected
president
of
the
country.
Why
he
left
wasn’t
important.
That
is
where
Lu
Xun
used
to
live.
一
句型转换：将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句。
Does
Mary
work
in
that
company?
Could
you
tell
me?
Could
you
tell
me
______
Mary
______
in
that
company?
Why
is
he
angry
with
me
?
Do
you
know
?
Do
you
know
_________
he
________
angry
with
_______
?
When
shall
we
have
a
meeting
?
Can
you
tell
me
?
Can
you
tell
me
_______
we
_______
_______
a
meeting
?
“Where
do
you
live?”
the
policeman
asked
Tom.
The
policeman
asked
Tom
where
______
_______
_______
.
I
haven’t
decided
where
to
go
for
my
holidays.
I
haven’t
decided
_____
_______
________
go
for
my
holidays.
二
选择合适的选项。
1.
____
is
that
I
have
promised
to
make
friends
with
the
dishonest
girl.
A.
The
only
thing
what
I
regret
B.
What
I
regret
most
C.
All
what
I
really
regret
most
D.
What
that
I
regret
most
2.
____
she
is
living
now
is
not
known
to
anybody.
A.
Whether
B.
When
C.
Where
D.
Why
3.
This
is
____
the
river
has
been
polluted.
A.
what
B.
why
C.
that
D.
whether
4.
That
is
____
he
was
born.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
where
D.
whether
5.
____
a
good
thing
they
didn’t
catch
you.
A.
That’s
B.
It’s
C.
There’s
D.
What’s
6.
____
a
pity
I
didn’t
see
you.
A.
That’s
B.
What’s
C.
It’s
D.
There’s
7.
It
is
said
____
Mr.
Tom
has
arrived
in
New
York.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
why
8.
John
dashed
back
into
the
room,
and
saw
____.
A.
what
wrong
was
B.
what
was
wrong
C.
if
wrong
was
D.
if
was
wrong
9.
This
is
____
the
question
lies.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
where
D.
how
10.
He
stood
there
quite
still,
____
his
lips
moved
slightly.
A.
except
for
B.
except
C.
except
that
D.
except
what
11.
We
all
know
the
truth
____
the
moon
moves
around
the
earth.
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
where
12.
____
is
unknown
to
us
all.
A.
When
did
she
arrive
B.
When
she
arrived
C.
That
when
she
arrived
D.
In
which
she
arrived
13.
He
asked
me
____
that
electric
fan.
A.
how
many
I
paid
B.
how
much
I
paid
for
C.
how
much
I
paid
D.
how
many
I
paid
for
14.
The
Emperor
ordered
that
the
wonderful
cloth
____
for
him
at
once.
A.
to
be
woven
B.
be
woven
C.
should
D.
would
be
woven
15.
____
that
we’ll
have
the
find
exam
next
week.
A.
He
was
said
B.
It
said
C.
It
was
said
D.
It’s
said
三
翻译下列句子。
我不知道他在寻找什么东西。（look
for
)
___________________________________________________________________
据报道，这个会议被推迟了。（put
off
)
___________________________________________________________________
他不知道他的叔叔是否会来。（whether/if)
___________________________________________________________________
兰州不再是以前的样子。（used
to
be)
_____________________________________________________________________
我认为抄袭我的作业不是一个好主意。（a
good
idea,
copy)
_____________________________________________________________________
这么懒惰的一个学生居然通过了考试。（It
is
strange
that
)
_____________________________________________________________________
你认为他在哪里买了这台电脑。（do
you
think
)
_____________________________________________________________________
麻烦的是他丢了钱。(trouble)
_____________________________________________________________________
四
写作。
当奥巴马成为美国首位黑人总统时，美国梦（American
dream)成为互联网中出现频率极高的一个词。黑人孩子通过自己的勤奋努力、勇气与坚持成为全球权利最大的人，这无疑是美国梦的最好注解。那么中国梦（China
dream)是什么？请以“My
Dreams”为话题，写一篇英语短文。词数：80词左右。
写作指导：
1
审题：my
dreams（第三人称），一般现在时和一般将来时。
2
思路：描述自己的梦想及为什么会有这样的梦想。标题为“My
dreams”，故可考虑写若干个梦想。
3
高分策略：用上一些关于dreams的谚语或名言：Where
there
is
a
will,there
is
a
way.
写作要点：
1
我长大了想成为一名老师。(grow
up)
_____________________________________________________________________
2
成为一名医生真的很棒。(to
be
a
doctor)
_____________________________________________________________________
3
我可以帮助别人脱离危险。(help...out
of
danger)
_____________________________________________________________________
4
我想有一天我的梦想会成真。(come
true)
_____________________________________________________________________
5
有志者事竟成。(a
will,
a
way)
_____________________________________________________________________
你的文章
My
dreams
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
一
1.
if/whether,
works
why,is,me
When,shall,have
He,lived
Where,I,should
二
1-5
BCBCB
6-10
CABCC
11-15
ABBBD
三1.
I
don’t
know
what
he
is
looking
for.
It’s
reported
that
the
meeting
has
been
put
off.
He
doesn’t
know
whether
his
uncle
will
come
or
not.
Lanzhou
is
no
longer
what
it
used
to
be.
I
don’t
think
it’s
a
good
idea
to
copy
my
homework.
It
is
strange
that
such
a
lazy
student
should
pass
the
exam.
Where
do
you
think
he
bought
the
computer
?
The
trouble
is
that
she
has
lost
his
money.
四
作文
要点
1
I
want
to
be
a
teacher
when
I
grow
up.
2
To
be
a
doctor
is
really
great.
3
I
can
help
many
people
out
of
danger.
4
I
think
my
dreams
can
come
true
one
day.
5
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
范文
My
dreams
I
want
to
be
a
teacher
when
I
grow
up.
I
can
help
many
students
learn
things
well.
I
can
play
with
my
students,too.So
we
are
good
friends.I
want
to
be
a
doctor
when
I
see
many
doctors
save
their
parents.
To
be
a
doctor
is
really
great.
I
think
I
can
be
a
doctor
when
I
grow
up.
Then
I
can
help
many
people
out
of
danger.
I
have
lots
of
dreams.
I
think
my
dreams
can
come
true
one
day,because
there’s
an
old
saying
goes,”Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.”
名词性从句分类
分类
主语从句
由that引导的主语从句
由whether引导主语从句
连词代词what,
who,
which,
whose等引导的主语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的主语从句
用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句
宾语从句
that引导宾语从句
whether,
if引导宾语从句
连接代词what,
who,
whose等引导的宾语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的宾语从句
用whatever,
whoever,
whomever,
whenever,
wherever等引导宾语从句
表示爱憎情感的动词引导的宾语从句，it
做形似宾语
表语从句
that在引导表语从句
whether引导表语从句
连接代词
who,
whom,
whose,
what,which引导的表语从句
连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的表语从句
as
if,
as
though引导的表语从句
学生易错点整理：
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________