UNIT
2
SUCCESS
1．He
who
seizes
the
right
moment，is
the
right
man.
—Goethe
谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。
——歌德
2．The
people
who
get
on
in
this
world
are
the
people
who
get
up
and
look
for
circumstances
they
want，and
if
they
cannot
find
them，make
them.
—Bernard
Shaw
在这个世界上取得成就的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到机会，他们便自己创造机会。
——萧伯纳
3．You
have
to
believe
in
yourself.That's
the
secret
of
success.
—Charlie
Chaplin
人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。
——查理·卓别林
4．Try
not
to
become
a
man
of
success
but
rather
try
to
become
a
man
of
value.
—Einstein
不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。
——爱因斯坦
5．Victory
won't
come
to
me
unless
I
go
to
it.
—M.Moore
胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。
——穆尔
Success
means
different
things
for
different
people.Some
may
equate
it
with
fame，some
with
wealth
and
still
some
with
accomplishments.For
me，it
means
fulfilling
one's
dreams.Whatever
your
dreams
are，you
have
a
goal
there
and
then
focus
all
your
attention
on
it.Dreams
bring
you
hope
and
happiness.In
the
process
of
struggling
for
it，you
cry，sweat，complain
or
even
curse，but
the
joy
of
harvesting
makes
you
forget
all
the
pains
and
troubles
you
have
gone
through.So
an
old
proverb
says
that
the
sweetest
fruit
is
one
that
has
undergone
the
bitterest
ordeal.
Should
people
stop
once
they
have
achieved
something?
No!
In
life，they
are
always
trying
to
make
things
better
or
have
more
of
the
same
success.
Athletes
are
constantly
striving
(努力)
to
shorten
time
for
races，increase
heights
or
distances.
The
world
of
medicine
has
had
its
series
of
successes，too.Christian
Barnard
performed
several
successful
heart
transplants.Other
medical
experts
have
achieved
organ
transplants.Throughout
the
ages，mankind
has
found
treatments
and
cures
for
cancer
and
other
diseases.A
cure
for
AIDS
might
soon
be
discovered.
Success
does
not
belong
only
to
the
rich
and
famous.It
should
be
the
goal
of
everyone.Many
successful
people
have
had
humble
beginnings.
At
work，we
strive
for
achievement，too.Success
may
mean
organizing
a
conference
more
effectively
and
efficiently
each
year.Sometimes，it
is
not
a
pat
on
the
back
or
the
promotion
that
makes
it
worthwhile.
The
journey
to
success
has
its
road
blocks，discouragement
and
distractions.It
takes
great
resourcefulness
and
achievement
to
overcome
obstacles
and
setbacks
to
move
on
successfully.
[探究发现]
1．Why
athletes
constantly
striving
to
shorten
time
for
races?
To
achieve
success.
2．What
is
Christian
Barnard's
success?
Succeeding
in
performing
heart
transplants.
3．According
to
the
passage，who
does
success
belong
to?
Everyone.
Section
Ⅰ TOPIC
TALK
&
LESSON
1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.astronaut
A．adj.obeying
the
rules
( )2.disciplined
B．n.宇航员
( )3.enthusiastic
C．adj.感激的
( )4.appreciative
D．adj.最后的，最终的
( )5.ultimate
E．adj.feeling
or
showing
a
lot
of
excitement
and
interest
about
sb./sth.
( )6.commitment
F．n.the
fact
of
doing
sth.together
or
of
working
together
towards
a
shared
aim
( )7.cooperation
G．n.寝室，学生宿舍
( )8.employee
H．n.the
willingness
to
work
hard
and
give
your
energy
and
time
to
a
job
or
an
activity
( )9.dormitory
I．n.家具
( )10.furniture
J．n.雇员
[答案] 1—5 BAECD 6—10 HFJGI
B．短语匹配
( )1.make
sense
A．发迹；出人头地
( )2.get
on
B．退出，脱离；辍学
( )3.drop
out
C．有意义；解释得通
( )4.turn
one's
back
on
D．赠送；捐赠
( )5.give
away
E．不理睬；背弃
[答案] 1—5 CABED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．symbol
n．
象征，标志
2．optimistic
adj.
乐观的，乐观主义的
3．committed
adj.
坚定的；尽心尽力的
4．ambitious
adj.
有抱负的，有雄心的
5．appreciate
vt.
欣赏；赏识
6．hunger
n.
饥饿，饥荒
7．guilty
adj.
内疚的，羞愧的
8．professor
n.
教授
Ⅰ.语境填词
hunger；guilty；professor；dormitories；optimistic；means；ambitious；symbol；appreciate；career
1．In
this
poem
the
budding
flower
means
youth.
2．They
are
cautiously
optimistic
that
the
reforms
will
take
place.
3．Only
ambitious
students
get
the
best
marks.
4．The
white
colour
is
a
symbol
of
purity.
5．You
can't
appreciate
English
poetry
unless
you
understand
its
rhythm.
6．My
uncle
entered
upon
a
diplomatic
career
at
the
age
of
thirty?five.
7．Three
hundred
people
in
this
town
are
dying
of
hunger
every
day.
8．Bob
felt
guilty
that
he
had
not
made
an
attempt
to
save
her.
9．The
professor
adapted
his
lecture
to
his
audience.
10．Most
of
the
students
of
this
college
live
in
dormitories．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．I
felt
guilty(guilt)
about
not
visiting
my
parents
more
often.
2．Thousands
are
going
hungry(hunger)
because
of
the
failure
of
this
year's
harvest.
3．I
put
a
pillow
on
the
saddle
so
that
I
could
ride
comfortably(comfortable)．
4．Every
single
employee(employ)
turned
up
at
the
meeting，even
people
who
usually
stayed
away.
5．He
was
determined(determine)
to
give
his
family
a
secure
and
solid
base.
6．The
government
is
committed(commit)
to
protecting
the
interests
of
tenants.
7．The
headmaster
in
our
school
hopes
that
we
will
be
more
ambitious(ambition)
when
we
graduate
than
when
we
got
admitted.
8．He
was
very
appreciative(appreciate)
of
his
colleagues'
support
during
his
illness.
9．He's
been
out
of
action
for
16
months
with
a
serious
knee
injury(injure)．
10．The
meeting
discussed
how
to
promote
cooperation(cooperate)
between
the
two
countries.
1．They
spend
half
of
their
time
dreaming
up
ways
of
getting
rich
and
achieving
the
success
they
expect，and
the
rest
of
their
time
thinking
about
all
the
things
they
will
do
once
they
become
rich.
他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。
2．However，there
are
people
who
have
turned
their
backs
on
their
millions
and
found
other
forms
of
success
in
their
lives.
然而有些人却放弃了百万家财，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。
3．He
was
tired
of
being
regarded
as
living
a
successful
life，as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.
他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。
4．They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learn
and
get
on
in
life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
5．Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle，and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
词语助读
①become
a
millionaire成为百万富翁
②a
symbol
of
success成功的象征
③ultimate
goal最终目标
④dream
up虚构，凭空想出
⑤think
about考虑
⑥get
the
sense
of
success获得成功感
⑦look
for寻找
⑧worry
about担心
⑨work
hard努力工作
⑩become
wealthy变得富有
?make
money赚钱
?lose
the
sense
of
success失去成功感
?turn
one's
back
on不理睬；背弃
?other
forms
of
success其他形式的成功
?a
college
professor大学教授
?a
fortune
of
two
million
dollars两百万美元的财产
?a
small
dormitory
room小宿舍
?second?hand
furniture二手家具
?take
care
of照料
?grow
some
vegetables种些蔬菜
charity
shops慈善商店
appreciate
this
change欣赏这种变化
be
pleased
to
do...很高兴做某事
give
up放弃
be
tired
of厌倦，讨厌
regard...as认为……是
make
the
choice
to
do...决定做……
give
all...money
away把……钱财都捐赠出去
bring
sb.happiness给某人带来快乐
live
simply过简单生活
be
helpful
to
others帮助别人
millions
of
people数百万人
die
of
hunger饿死
have
the
chance
to
learn有机会学习
get
on发迹；出人头地
feel
very
guilty感到很内疚
without
doing
anything什么都不做
give
away...to把……赠送给
more
than超过
bank
notes钞票
homeless
people无家可归的人
a
kind
of
satisfaction一种满足
mean
doing...意味着
a
well?paid
job一份高薪工作
a
sense
of
achievement成就感
come
from来自；出生于
true
meaning
in
life生活的真谛
live
comfortably生活舒适
have
no
worries没有烦恼
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle放弃这种生活方式
be
much
happier更快乐
according
to
one's
values按照某人的价值观
原文呈现
MONEY
VS
SUCCESS
Angela
Johnson
interviews
ex?millionaire
Jason
Harley
For
a
lot
of
people，becoming
a
millionaire①
is
a
symbol
of
success②
and
they
set
this
as
their
ultimate
goal③.They
spend
half
of
their
time
dreaming
up④
ways
of
getting
rich
and
achieving
the
success
they
expect，and
the
rest
of
their
time
thinking
about⑤
all
the
things
they
will
do
once
they
become
rich.(1)
But
do
all
millionaires
get
the
sense
of
success⑥
they
were
looking
for⑦after
they
achieve
their
goals？(2)
Some
continue
to
worry
about⑧
money
when
they
become
millionaires
—
they
worked
hard⑨
to
become
wealthy⑩，but
then
they
need
to
continue
making
money?so
they
don't
lose
the
sense
of
success?they
have
achieved.(3)However，there
are
people
who
have
turned
their
backs
on?their
millions
and
found
other
forms
of
success?in
their
lives(4)．Jason
Harley
is
one
example.
(1)句中they
expect为定语从句，修饰先行词success，they
will
do也是定语从句，修饰先行词things，once
they
become
rich为时间状语从句。
(2)句中they
were
looking
for为定语从句，修饰先行词success，after
they
achieve
their
goals为时间状语从句。
(3)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，so连接表示因果关系的并列句，when
they
become
millionaires为时间状语从句，they
have
achieved为定语从句，修饰先行词the
sense
of
success。
(4)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
Sixteen
years
ago，Jason
was
a
college
professor?with
a
huge
six?bedroom
house
and
a
fortune
of
two
million
dollars?.Today
he
lives
in
a
small
dormitory
room?with
only
second?hand
furniture?.There
are
certainly
no
signs
that
Jason
is
a
rich
and
successful
man(5)！There
is
a
small
garden
outside
with
a
few
fruit
trees，which
Jason
enjoys
taking
care
of?(6)．He
also
grows
some
vegetables?and
a
few
flowers.He
gets
his
clothes
and
a
lot
of
other
things
from
charity
shops.
(5)that引导同位语从句。
(6)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit
trees。
But
Jason
appreciates
this
change.He
is
pleased
togive
upthe
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.He
was
tired
ofbeing
regarded
asliving
a
successful
life，as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.(7)
He
made
the
choice
togive
all
his
money
away.And
this，he
said，brought
him
happinessand
a
sense
of
success
in
life.
(7)句中while引导表示对比关系的并列句，第一个分句中who
had
everything为定语从句，修饰先行词person。
“I
don't
need
a
lot
of
money.I
don't
want
to
buy
more
things.I
have
enough，”
said
Jason.“What
I
want(8)
is
to
live
simplyand
be
helpful
to
others.A
few
years
ago，I
was
a
millionaire，but
I
knew
millions
of
peopledied
of
hungerevery
year，and
there
were
places
with
no
schools
and
no
teachers.So
many
people
could
never
go
to
school.They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learnand
get
onin
life.This
worried
me
a
lot
and
I
felt
very
guiltybeing
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything.”
(8)what引导主语从句。
Therefore
he
gave
away
all
his
money
tocharities.Whenever
he
had
more
thantwo
thousand
dollars(9)，he
would
give
away
small
bank
notesto
homeless
peoplein
the
streets
of
local
areas.“It
was
a
kind
of
satisfactionand
a
real
sense
of
success
that
I
had
never
felt
before(10)，”
said
Jason.“Sure，many
people
think
that
‘success’
means
havingmillions
in
the
bank
or
a
well?paid
job(11)．But
I
think
my
sense
of
achievementcomes
fromhelping
others
and
finding
true
meaning
in
life(12)．”
(9)whenever引导时间状语从句。
(10)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词success。
(11)that引导宾语从句。
(12)省略that的宾语从句，其中and连接两个动名词短语作come
from的宾语。
Most
people
believe
when
they
are
living
comfortablyand
earning
enough
money，they
will
have
no
worries.(13)
However，most
people
never
feel
they
have
earned
enough(14)．Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle，and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free(15)．Are
there
any
things
he
misses
from
his
past(16)？“No，I'm
much
happier
now，because
I
am
living
according
to
my
values(17)．Success
is
not
measured
by
how
much
money
you
have
but
by
how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life.(18)”
(13)Most
people
believe后为宾语从句，其中when...enough
money为时间状语从句。
(14)省略that的宾语从句。
(15)
that引导宾语从句。
(16)省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
(17)because引导原因状语从句。
(18)句中how
much
money
you
have和how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life都作介词by的宾语。
译文参考
金钱与成功
安吉拉·约翰逊采访前
百万富翁詹森·哈利
对很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，他们把这作为他们的最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是，是否所有的百万富翁在实现他们的目标后都获得了他们所追求的成功感呢？有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人，但之后他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们就不会失去已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了百万家财，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一幢六间卧室的大房子和两百万美元的财产。今天他住在一个只有二手家具的小宿舍里。没有任何迹象表明詹森是一个富有和成功的人！
外面有一个小花园，里面有几棵果树，詹森喜欢照料它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他的衣服和其他很多东西都是从慈善商店买的。
但是詹森很欣赏这种变化。他很乐意放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说，这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
“我不需要很多钱。我不想买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了，”詹森说。“我想要的是简单的生活和帮助别人。几年前，我是一个百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿。有些地方没有学校，没有老师。那么多人永远无法上学。他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我很担心，我为自己是一个有钱人而什么都不做而感到很内疚。”
因此他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。只要他有两千多美元，他就会把小面额的钞票送给当地街道上无家可归的人。“这是一种我从未有过的满足感和真正的成就感，”詹森说。“当然，许多人认为‘成功’意味着银行里有数百万美元或者有一份高薪工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助别人并找到生活的真谛。”
大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适，并挣到足够的钱时，他们就不会有任何烦恼。然而，大多数人总是觉得自己挣得不够。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。他怀念过去的东西吗？“不，我现在快乐多了，因为我是按照自己的价值观生活的。成功不是看你有多少钱，而是看你如何理解生活的真谛。”
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息正确还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Some
millionaires
do
not
get
the
sense
of
success
after
they
achieve
their
goals.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．Jason
Harley
has
turned
his
back
on
his
wealth.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Jason
Harley
is
pleased
to
have
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Jason
Harley
has
never
felt
a
kind
of
satisfaction
and
a
real
sense
of
success.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Most
people
will
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle
like
Jason
Harley
soon.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 AABBC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．being
regarded
as
living
a
successful
life
B．taking
care
of
C．being
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything
D．becoming
a
millionaire
E．helping
others
and
finding
true
meaning
in
life
F．having
millions
in
the
bank
or
a
well?paid
job
1．For
a
lot
of
people，
is
a
symbol
of
success
and
they
set
this
as
their
ultimate
goal.
2．There
is
a
small
garden
outside
with
a
few
fruit
trees，which
Jason
enjoys
．
3．Jason
was
tired
of
，as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.
4．This
worried
me
a
lot
and
I
felt
very
guilty
．
5．Sure，many
people
think
that
“success”
means
．
6．But
I
think
my
sense
of
achievement
comes
from
．
[答案] 1—6 DBACFE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Angela
Johnson
interviews
ex?millionaire
Jason
Harley
Most
people
◆Set
becoming
a
1.millionaire
as
their
ultimate
goal.◆Spend
half
of
their
time
2.dreaming
up
ways
of
getting
rich
and
the
rest
of
their
time
3.thinking
about
what
they
will
do
once
they
become
rich.
Angela
Johnson
interviews
ex?millionaire
Jason
Harley
Some
millionaires
◆Worry
about
4.money
when
they
become
millionaires.◆Continue
making
money
so
they
don't
lose
5.the
sense
of
success
they
have
achieved.
Jason
Harley
◆He
is
6.pleased
to
give
up
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.◆He
gave
all
his
money
away
to
7.charities.◆He
thinks
the
sense
of
achievement
8.comes
from
helping
others
and
finding
9.true
meaning
in
life.◆He
is
happy
to
live
10.simply
and
be
helpful
to
others.
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.1
A.Jason
appreciates
this
change.
2.Para.2
B.Jason's
past
and
present.
3.Para.3
C.Jason
gave
away
all
his
money.
4.Para.4
D.Jason's
belief
in
life.
5.Para.5
E.Jason
lives
simply
and
helps
others.
[答案] 1—5 BAECD
Ⅱ.课文理解
1．What
do
some
millionaires
usually
do
after
becoming
rich?
A．Dream
up
ways
of
getting
much
richer.
B．Try
to
get
the
sense
of
success.
C．Go
on
making
money.
D．Look
for
their
new
life
goals.
2．How
does
Jason
feel
about
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man?
A．Tired.
B．Pleased.
C．Excited.
D．Puzzled.
3．What
does
Jason
want
to
do
now?
A．To
buy
more
things.
B．To
get
more
education.
C．To
become
a
millionaire
again.
D．To
help
those
people
in
need.
4．What
is
Jason's
opinion
of
success?
A．Success
means
having
millions
in
the
bank.
B．Success
means
having
a
well?paid
job.
C．Success
means
finding
true
meaning
in
life.
D．Success
means
living
comfortably
and
freely.
[答案] 1—4 CADC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(三)——人物感受
A．阅读文中含有表示人物感受的语句
1．Some
continue
to
worry
about
money
when
they
become
millionaires—they
worked
hard
to
become
wealthy，but
then
they
need
to
continue
making
money
so
they
don't
lose
the
sense
of
success
they
have
achieved.
2．He
is
pleased
to
give
up
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.
3．He
was
tired
of
being
regarded
as
living
a
successful
life，as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物感受的？
1．This
worried
me
a
lot
and
I
felt
very
guilty
being
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything.
2．Therefore
he
gave
away
all
his
money
to
charities.
3．“It
was
a
kind
of
satisfaction
and
a
real
sense
of
success
that
I
had
never
felt
before，”
said
Jason.
4．I'm
much
happier
now，because
I
am
living
according
to
my
values.
[答案] 2
1．determine
vt.决定，确定→determined
adj.坚定的，坚决的→determination
n．决心，毅力
2．discipline
n．自制力
vt.惩罚，处罚→disciplined
adj.遵守纪律的
3．commit
vt.犯(罪/错)；承诺；保证→committed
adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的→commitment
n．投入忠诚，奉献；承诺
4．ambition
n．雄心；野心；抱负→ambitious
adj.有抱负的，有雄心的
5．appreciate
vt.欣赏；赏识→appreciative
adj.感激的→appreciation
n．欣赏；感激，感谢
6．injure
vt.损害；伤害→injury
n．伤，损害→injured
adj.受伤的
7．cooperate
v．合作，协作→cooperation
n．合作，协作→cooperative
adj.合作的；同心协力的
8．employ
vt.雇佣→employee
n．雇员→employer
n．雇主→employment
n．雇佣，就业
9．hunger
n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry
adj.感到饥饿的；挨饿的
10．guilt
n．有罪；对罪行有责任→guilty
adj.内疚的，羞愧的
commitment
n．承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证；(对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；已承诺(或同意)的事；不得不做的事
①She
doesn't
want
to
make
a
big
emotional
commitment
to
Steve
at
the
moment.
承诺
②A
career
as
an
actor
requires
one
hundred
per
cent
commitment.
投入
③Women
very
often
have
to
juggle
work
with
their
family
commitments.
不得不做的事
Words
and
Phrases
determined
adj.坚定的，坚决的
(教材P28)
be
passionate
and
determined
about
what
you
do
对你所做的事情要有激情和决心
[例] She
gave
me
a
determined
look—the
kind
that
said
she
would
not
change
her
mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心做某事(表示状态)
(2)determine
vt.
决定；确定；下决心
determine＋
(3)determination
n.
[U]决定；决心
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He
determined
to
learn(learn)
Chinese.
②We
were
determined
to
win(win)
the
game.
③I
have
determined
on/upon
spending
my
holiday
at
home.
④She
has
the
determination(determine)to
overcome
all
the
obstacles
to
succeed.
[小片段填空]
My
sister
Lily
has
determined/is
determined
to
go
to
Beijing
University.She
is
a
determined
girl，so
we
know
that
once
she
has
determined
upon/on
doing
something，she
will
make
her
dream
come
true
with
great
determination.
committed
adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
(教材P28)
committed
and
focused
坚定和专注
[例] He
is
regarded
as
a
committed
supporter
of
a
radical
free?market
economics
policy.
他被视为激进的自由市场经济体制政策的坚定支持者。
[知识拓展]
(1)commit
vt.
投入；使承诺；做不好的事
commit
sb.to
(doing)
sth.
使某人承诺(做)某事
commit
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
答应(做)某事
commit
suicide/a
crime/murder
自杀/犯罪/谋杀
commit
sth.to
sth.
调拨；投入
(2)commitment
n.
承诺，保证，承担义务
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Borrowers
should
think
carefully
before
committing
themselves
to
taking(take)
out
a
loan.
②The
council
has
committed
large
amounts
of
money
to
housing
projects.
③It
is
an
open
question
how
long
that
commitment(commit)
can
last.
enthusiastic
adj.热心的，热衷的
(教材P28)
enthusiastic
and
ambitious
热心并雄心勃勃的
[例] She
was
even
less
enthusiastic
about
going
to
Spain.
她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
enthusiastic
about
对某事热心
be
enthusiastic
to
do
sth.
喜欢做某事
(2)enthusiasm
n.
热情；热心；热衷的事物
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He
is
enthusiastic
about
both
study
and
physical
labour.
②And
as
you
can
see，the
children
were
really
encouraged，and
they
were
also
enthusiastic
to
read(read)
all
of
these
books.
③Without
correct
leadership，the
enthusiasm(enthusiastic)
of
the
masses
cannot
be
sustained.
[小片段填空]
He
was
a
boy
of
great
heart
and
enthusiasm．My
friend
was
an
enthusiastic
musician，who
was
enthusiastic
about
composing
new
songs.
make
sense
有意义；解释得通
(教材P106)Yes，that
makes
a
lot
of
sense.
是的，这很有道理。
[例] Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.
只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能解释得通。
[知识拓展]
make
sense
of...
弄懂……的意思
make
no
sense
无意义
in
a
sense
在某种意义上
in
no
sense
决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
there's
no
sense
in
doing
sth.
做……是没有道理/作用的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
can't
make
sense
of
this
poem，but
perhaps
I
will，if
I
read
it
again.
②In
a
sense，his
suggestion
is
very
practical.
③Planning
so
far
ahead
makes
no
sense—so
many
things
will
change.
那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。
[名师点津]
make
sense的主语常是“物”，而make
sense
of
的主语常是“人”。
[小片段填空]
In
a
sense，the
sentence
underlined
in
the
passage
was
difficult.He
couldn't
make
sense
of
it.At
last，the
teacher
told
him
it
didn't
make
sense，so
there
is
no
sense
in
analyzing
its
structure.
injury
n．伤，损害
(教材P106)
Despite
many
injuries
in
his
career，he
always
remained
determined
and
focused.尽管职业生涯中多次受伤，但他始终保持着决心和专注。
[例] The
injury
to
their
key
player
could
be
a
decisive
factor
in
the
game.
他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。
[知识拓展]
(1)do
sb.an
injury
伤害某人
do
an
injury
to
sb.
伤害某人
(2)injure
v.
伤害，损害
injured
adj.
受伤的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Smoking
does
an
injury
to
health.
②The
injured(injure)
man
mounted
his
horse
with
difficulty.
[小片段填空]
The
accident
caused
serious
injury
to
the
passengers.The
injured
were
soon
rushed
to
the
nearest
hospital.
appreciate
vt.欣赏；赏识
(教材P31)
But
Jason
appreciates
this
change.
但是詹森很欣赏这种变化。
[例] I
appreciate
your
help
very
much.
我非常感谢你的帮助。
[知识拓展]
(1)appreciate
(one's)
doing
sth.
感激(某人)做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation
n.
欣赏；鉴别；感激
in
appreciation
of...
作为对……的感谢；为感谢……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
really
appreciate
your
thinking(think)
highly
of
my
work.
②I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
give
me
some
advice
on
how
to
solve
these
problems.
③We
would
appreciate
you
letting(let)us
know
of
any
problems.
[名师点津]
appreciate用法需注意的两点：
(1)appreciate后接动名词，而不可用不定式作宾语，且不能以“人”作宾语。
(2)appreciate
后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate，love，like，dislike等。
hunger
n．饥饿，饥荒
(教材P31)...I
was
a
millionaire，but
I
knew
millions
of
people
died
of
hunger
every
year...
……我是一个百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿……
[例] Around
fifty
people
die
of
hunger
every
day
in
the
camp.集中营里每天大约有五十人饿死。
[知识拓展]
(1)have
a
hunger
for
渴望……
die
of
hunger
死于饥饿
(2)hunger
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
hunger
for/after
sth.
渴望得到某物
(3)hungry
adj.
饥饿的；挨饿的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
don't
know
about
the
rest
of
you，but
I'm
hungry(hunger)．
②She
hungered
for
some
contact
outside
her
own
circumscribed
world.
③New
Zealanders
are
still
learning，still
have
a
hunger
for
answers
and
are
still
on
the
journey
to
discovering
their
own
identity.
get
on
发迹；出人头地
(教材P31)
They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learn
and
get
on
in
life.他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
[例] She
is
ambitious
and
eager
to
get
on.
她雄心勃勃，迫切地想出人头地。
[知识拓展]
get
along/on
with
进展；相处
get
into
染上(坏习惯)，陷入
get
across
通过；被传达；被理解
get
over
克服，从……中恢复过来
get
through
接通；完成；通过
get
down
to
记下；开始
get
away
with
干(坏事)而未受惩罚
[即学即练]——完成句子
①This
mistake
will
get
him
into
difficulties.
这一错误将使他陷入困境。
②Don't
attempt
to
cheat—you'll
never
get
away
with
it.
别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。
③A
smile
can
help
us
get
through
difficult
situations
and
find
friends
in
a
world
of
strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。
④It's
impossible
to
get
on/along
with
him.
根本无法跟他相处。
[小片段填空]
Parents
in
China
are
eager
for
their
children
to
get
on．But
it
is
not
easy
for
children
to
get
down
to
their
study.Some
of
them
even
get
into
bad
habits，which
makes
them
hard
to
get
along
with．
drop
out
退出，脱离；辍学
(教材P31)Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle，and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
[例] The
window
was
open，and
the
pot
just
dropped
out.
窗户开着，花盆就掉了出去。
[知识拓展]
drop
back/behind
落后，被抛在后面
drop
in
顺便拜访
drop
into
顺便进入(某处)，随意到(某处)看看
drop
off
不知不觉睡着
[即学即练]——完成句子
①They
would
unexpectedly
drop
in
on
us.
他们会突然顺道来访。
②The
colt
was
struggling
to
stay
with
the
pace
and
started
to
drop
back/behind．
那匹小马奋力要跟上，但还是开始落后了。
③Struggle
as
she
might，she
kept
dropping
off．
尽管她拼命挣扎，还是不停地打瞌睡。
Sentence
Patterns
whenever引导让步状语从句
(教材P31)Whenever
he
had
more
than
two
thousand
dollars，he
would
give
away
small
bank
notes
to
homeless
people
in
the
streets
of
local
areas.
只要他有两千多美元，他就会把小面额的钞票送给当地街道上无家可归的人。
句式分析：本句中Whenever
he
had
more
than
two
thousand
dollars是让步状语从句，其中Whenever相当于no
matter
when。
[例1] Whenever
we
met
with
difficulties，they
came
to
help
us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
[例2] Give
us
a
call
whenever
you
need
our
service.
什么时候需要我们的服务，打个电话就行。
[知识拓展]
(1)“疑问代词
＋
ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。引导状语从句时相当于“no
matter＋疑问代词”。
(2)“no
matter＋疑问代词”只能引导让步状语从句。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Whatever
happened，he
wouldn't
say
a
word.
②Whichever
dictionary
you
(may)
take，you
will
have
to
pay
at
least
20
dollars.
③You
may
invite
whoever
you
like.
make复合宾语结构
(教材P31)
Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle，and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free．
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量金钱使他获得了自由。
句式分析：句中made
him
free为make
＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)的复合宾语结构。
[例1] But
I
was
happy
to
help
because
I
knew
it
was
to
realize
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.
但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[例2] The
purpose
of
new
technologies
is
to
make
life
easier，not
to
make
it
more
difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。
[知识拓展]
make作使役动词，意思是“使成为，使作为，使变成”，其后的复合宾语(即宾语＋宾语补足语)有以下表达方式：
(1)make＋宾语＋名词(作宾语补足语)
(2)make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式(作宾语补足语)
(3)make＋宾语＋形容词(作宾语补足语)
(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词(作宾语补足语)
(5)make＋宾语＋介词短语(作宾语补足语)
(6)make＋宾语＋从句(作宾语补足语)
(7)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)＋带to的不定式(作真正的宾语)
(8)make＋形式宾语it＋形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)
＋从句(作真正的宾语)
[即学即练]——完成句子
①Most
pop
singers
make
music
their
career．
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。
②Nobody
made
us
go
to
bed
at
a
certain
time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。
③The
teacher
raised
his
voice
so
that
he
could
make
himself
heard．
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
④We
will
soon
make
our
school
what
your
school
is
now．
我们不久就要把我们的学校发展成你们学校目前的样子。
⑤Everyone
should
make
it
a
rule
to
go
to
bed
early
and
get
up
early.人人都应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
⑥They
want
to
make
it
clear
to
the
public
that
they
do
an
important
and
necessary
job.他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作是重要的，是必不可少的。
1．Some
continue
to
worry
about
money
when
they
become
millionaires
—
they
worked
hard
to
become
wealthy，but
then
they
need
to
continue
making
money
so
they
don't
lose
the
sense
of
success
they
have
achieved.
[分析] 句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，so连接表示因果关系的并列句，when
they
become
millionaires为when引导的时间状语从句，they
have
achieved为省略that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the
sense
of
success。
[翻译] 有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱的问题——他们努力工作成为富人，但之后他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们就不会失去已经获得的成功感。
2．He
was
tired
of
being
regarded
as
living
a
successful
life，as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.
[分析] 句中while引导表示对比关系的并列句，第一个分句中who
had
everything为定语从句，修饰先行词a
person。
[翻译] 他厌倦了被认为是一个拥有一切的人，过着成功的生活，而许多人却一无所有。
教材
高考
1.enthusiastic
and
ambitious
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader，sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
2.enthusiastic
and
ambitious
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The
language
is
almost
intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an
aging
writer
looking
back
on
an
ambitious
yet
simpler
time.
3.But
Jason
appreciates
this
change.
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)This
is
often
appreciated
since
at
a
housewarming
there
isn't
a
lot
of
food
served.
4....I
was
a
millionaire，but
I
knew
millions
of
people
died
of
hunger
every
year...
(2020·天津卷)For
those
who
hunger
for
some
peace
and
quiet，sound
can
now
create
silence.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Whenever
I
visited
him，he
was
always
busy
working.
2．The
heavy
rain
made
it
impossible
for
us
to
go
out.
3．Next
time
you
are
in
Guangzhou，please
drop
in
on
me.
4．Leonidas'
family
had
been
poor，he
went
hungry(hunger)
for
years.
5．And
what
is
the
key
to
expressing
gratitude
and
appreciation(appreciate)?
6．The
injured(injure)
captain，lying
in
the
bow
of
the
boat，said
nothing.
7．There
is
no
sense
in
worrying(worry)
about
such
a
thing.
8．He
wants
to
make
sure
that
schools
are
committed
to
providing(provide)
alternative
education.
9．There
was
an
expression
of
fierce
determination(determine)
on
her
face.
10．But
he
said
he
is
willing
to
be
patient
and
he
remains
optimistic
about
the
future.
Ⅱ.短语填空
get
on；drop
out；make
sense；turn
one's
back
on；give
away；be
tired
of
1．She
gave
away
all
her
furniture
when
she
went
abroad.
2．He
turned
his
back
on
his
wife
when
he
became
famous.
3．Politics
is
seen
as
a
man's
world.It
is
very
difficult
for
women
to
get
on．
4．They
were
tired
of
the
doctor
airing
his
knowledge.
5．I
dropped
out
of
high
school.It
bored
me
to
death.
6．I
didn't
know
what
he
was
talking
about.It
didn't
make
sense．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
There
are
certainly
no
signs
1.that
Jason
is
a
rich
and
successful
man!
However，sixteen
years
ago，Jason
was
2.a
college
professor
with
a
fortune
of
two
million
dollars.Today
he
3.lives(live)
in
a
small
dormitory
room
with
only
second?hand
furniture.He
gets
his
things
from
charity
shops.But
Jason
is
pleased
4.to
give(give)
up
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.He
gave
away
all
his
money
to
5.charities(charity)．And
this
brought
him
6.happiness(happy)
and
a
sense
of
success
in
life.Whenever
he
had
more
than
two
thousand
dollars，he
would
give
away
small
bank
notes
to
7.homeless(home)
people
in
the
streets
of
local
areas.He
thinks
his
sense
of
achievement
comes
from
helping
others
and
8.finding(find)
true
meaning
in
life.Most
people
believe
when
they
are
living
9.comfortably(comfortable)
and
earning
enough
money，they
will
have
no
worries.However，most
people
never
feel
they
have
earned
enough.Jason
Harley
said，“Success
is
not
measured
by
how
much
money
you
have
10.but
by
how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life.”
动名词
[观察例句]
1．Fighting
broke
out
between
the
South
and
the
North.
2．Would
you
mind
turning
down
your
radio
a
little，please?
3．She
is
washing，cleaning
and
taking
care
of
the
children.
4．Do
you
object
to
Li
Ping's
joining
the
physics
group?
5．My
walking
stick
is
the
same
length
as
yours.
[归纳用法]
一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1．作主语
(1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming
is
my
favourite
sport.
游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。
Collecting
stamps
is
his
hobby.
集邮是他的爱好。
[名师点津]
动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。
Playing
with
fire
is
dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
Be
careful！To
play
with
fire
will
be
dangerous.
小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)
(2)在It
is
no
use/no
good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a
waste
of
time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。
It's
no
use
waiting
for
him
any
longer.
再等他是没有用的。
It's
a
waste
of
time
arguing
about
it.
争论此事是浪费时间。
(3)当句型“There
is
no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。
There
is
no
joking
about
such
matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It
is
a
waste
of
time
persuading
(persuade)
such
a
person
to
join
us.
②Raising(raise)
your
hat
to
a
lady
is
good
manners.
2．作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't
help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist
on，object
to，be
good
at，lead
to，put
off，give
up，look
forward
to，feel
like，devote
to，get
used
to，pay
attention
to，be
worth等。
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I
have
never
looked
forward
to
visiting
that
place.
我从未盼望过要参观那个地方。
(3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。
(4)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve
doing＝need/want/require/deserve
to
be
done
The
bike
needs
这辆自行车需要修一下。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
③Although
it
started
to
rain，the
farmers
went
on
working(work)
in
the
field.
④He
was
afraid
of
being
abandoned(abandon)
by
us.
3．作表语
动名词作表语时句子的主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your
task
is
cleaning
the
windows.(Cleaning
the
windows
is
your
task.)
你的任务就是擦窗户。
What
I
hate
most
is
being
laughed
at.(Being
laughed
at
is
what
I
hate
most.)
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
4．作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
a
walking
stick＝a
stick
for
walking＝a
stick
which
is
used
for
walking
a
washing
machine＝a
machine
for
washing＝a
machine
which
is
used
for
washing
a
reading
room＝a
room
for
reading＝a
room
which
is
used
for
reading
sleeping
pills＝pills
for
sleeping＝pills
which
are
used
for
sleeping
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑤Their
work
is
repairing(repair)
solids
control
equipment.
⑥We
have
a
playground，a
swimming(swim)
pool
and
two
tennis
courts.
二、动名词的逻辑主语
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
Her
coming
to
help
encouraged
all
of
us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。(＝That
she
came
to
help
encouraged
all
of
us.)
Jane's
being
careless
caused
so
much
trouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(＝That
Jane
was
careless
caused
so
much
trouble.)
三、动名词的时态和语态
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般时
writing
being
written
完成时
having
written
having
been
written
[名师点津]
其否定形式是在doing前加上not。
1．动名词一般时表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
I
hate
talking
with
such
people.
我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being
careless
is
not
a
good
habit.
粗心不是一个好习惯。
2．动名词的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I
don't
remember
having
met
him
before.
我不记得以前见过他。
Thank
you
for
having
taken
so
much
trouble
to
help.
谢谢你费力帮忙。
3．动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般时表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。
I
appreciate
being
given
this
opportunity.
我很感谢给了我这个机会。
(2)它的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I
am
very
pleased
at
your
having
been
honoured
with
a
medal.
我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些时候，我们常用动名词的一般时表示完成时，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种习惯。
Excuse
me
for
being
late.
我来晚了请你原谅。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑦I'm
sorry
for
not
having
kept(keep)
my
promise.
⑧He
was
afraid
of
being
left(leave)
at
home.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My
sister
insisted
on
going(go)
to
school
in
spite
of
her
bad
cough.
2．Most
students
hate
being
given(give)
lessons
on
line.
3．You
may
drink，smoke，be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
dying
(die)early
by
running.
4．I
quickly
lower
myself，ducking
my
head
to
avoid
looking
(look)
directly
into
his
eyes.
5．Travelling(travel)
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
6．I
didn't
mean
to
eat
(eat)anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
trying
it.
7．I
still
remember
visiting
(visit)
a
friend
who'd
lived
here
for
five
years.
8．Fast
food
is
full
of
fat
and
salt；by
eating
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt.
9．But
unlike
her
school
friends，16?year?old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half?term
resting(rest)．
10．Ignoring(ignore)
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Every
time
I
mention
1.taking(take)
an
exam
at
home，my
parents
can't
help
2.predicting(predict)
the
result
of
the
exam，at
the
risk
of
3.ruining(ruin)
the
harmonious
atmosphere.But
it
is
difficult
to
avoid
4.talking(talk)
the
topic
at
home.Parents
are
busy
5.working(work)
to
support
the
family.They
devote
their
heart
and
soul
to
6.giving(give)
us
a
comfortable
home.Nowadays，parents
and
children
have
difficulty
in
7.communicating(communicate)
with
each
other.Experts
suggest
we
should
try
8.to
have(have)
a
chat
with
them
and
achieve
our
9.ambition(ambitious)．Otherwise，we
would
feel
10.guilty(guilt)．
PAGEUNIT
2
SUCCESS
Section
Ⅱ LESSON
2
&
LESSON
3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.influential
A．vt.拒绝接受
( )2.production
B．n.冠军称号，冠军地位
( )3.minimum
C．adj.有影响力的
( )4.reject
D．n.the
quantity
of
goods
that
is
produced
( )5.championship
E．n.最少量；最小数；最低限度
( )6.publisher
F．adj.学术的
( )7.contract
G．n.an
official
written
agreement
( )8.extreme
H．n.出版商
( )9.academic
I．n.强度；强烈
( )10.intensity
J．n.the
greatest
or
highest
degree
of
sth.
[答案] 1—5 CDEAB 6—10 HGJFI
B．短语匹配
( )1.devote...to
A．待在家里
( )2.boil
down
to
sth.
B．使与众不同
( )3.stay
in
C．致力于
( )4.apply
oneself
to
sth.
D．归结为；要点是
( )5.set
sb./sth.apart
E．努力；专心致志于某事
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．devote
vt.
把……奉献给；专心致力于
2．motivating
adj.
起激励作用的；激发(人)的
3．limit
vt.&
n.
限制，限定
4．convince
vt.
使确信；使信服
5．ruin
vt.
糟蹋；毁坏
6．skip
vt.
不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走
7．defensive
adj.
戒备的，自卫的
8．countless
adj.
无数的，数不尽的
9．hire
vt.
租用
10．enormous
adj.
巨大的，庞大的
11．length
n.
长度
12．injured
adj.
受伤的
13．outstanding
adj.
杰出的，优秀的
14．average
adj.
平庸的，普通的；平均的
n.
平均水平；平均数
15．normal
adj.
正常的，平常的
Ⅰ.语境填词
limit；convinced；ruined；devote；minimum；normal；
average；skipped；outstanding；hire
1．I
want
to
devote
more
time
to
my
family.
2．This
price
is
his
minimum；he
refuses
to
lower
it
any
further.
3．He
must
limit
the
number
of
cigarettes
he
smokes.
4．Robert's
expression
had
obviously
convinced
her
of
his
innocence.
5．The
storm
ruined
our
wheat.
6．He
skipped
lightly
up
the
stairs.
7．No
ordinary
families
can
afford
to
hire
servants.
8．There
was
nothing
special
about
the
meal；it
was
average．
9．She
braced
herself
to
lead
a
normal
life.
10．Her
late
husband
was
an
outstanding
scientist.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
oil
companies
have
lost
their
power
over
oil
price
and
oil
production(produce)．
2．He
is
a
very
influential(influence)
man
in
the
government.
3．If
their
luck
holds，they
could
still
win
the
championship(champion)．
4．It's
normally(normal)much
warmer
than
this
in
July.
5．He's
writing
a
history
of
the
town
for
a
local
publisher(publish)．
6．Accomplishing
goals
is
a
major
motivating(motivate)
factor
for
anyone.
7．They
asked
for
academic(academy)
freedom.
8．The
enemy
has
strengthened
their
defensive(defend)
position.
9．I
didn't
realize
the
intensity(intense)
of
people's
feelings
on
this
issue.
10．I've
told
you
countless(count)
times.
11．The
length(long)
of
a
paragraph
depends
on
the
information
it
conveys.
12．Several
people
were
seriously
injured(injure)．
1．Why
do
Olympic
athletes
push
themselves
to
the
limits?
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？
2．He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.
他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
3．It
boils
down
to
this：I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
determination.
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。
4．Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want，but
that
is
the
way
I
roll，no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
5．Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.
作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。
词语助读
①push
sb.to
the
limit把某人推到极限
②ruin
family
holiday破坏家庭假日
③skip
night
out晚上不出去玩
④give
up放弃
⑤be
worried
about担心
⑥no
longer不再
⑦in
danger
of处于……的危险
⑧a
world
championshipmedal世界冠军奖牌
⑨share...with和某人分享……
⑩become
angry
or
defensive变得愤怒或戒备
?deep
down在内心深处
?element
n．基本部分；要素
?workout
n．训练，锻炼
?mental
intensity精神上高度集中
?push
the
limit
and
extreme挑战极限
?a
professional
athlete一名职业运动员
?on
a
day?to?day
basis每天
?be
so
selfish这么自私
?sacrifice
n．牺牲
?countless
birthday
parties无数的生日聚会
search
for寻找
hire
a
car租车
in
downtown
Johannesburg在约翰内斯堡市中心
drive
through
the
“no?go”
areas开车穿过
“禁入”区
do
a
group
ride进行团体骑行
triathlete
n．铁人三项运动员
boil
down
to
sth.要点是；归结为
an
enormous
amount
of
drive大量的干劲
stay
in待在家里
get
ahead
on
class
work在功课上领先
rather
than而不是
on
one's
own独自
swim
100
lengths
of
the
pool游100个来回
a
rugby
club橄榄球俱乐部
apply
oneself
to
sth.使(自己)致力于；使(注意力等)专注于
be
no
different没有什么不同
an
Olympic
champion奥运冠军
set
sb.apart
from...使某人从……中突显出来
reach
the
winner's
platform到达胜利者的平台
had
better最好
be
totally
committed
to完全致力于
in
the
words
of用……的话来说
mean
getting
injured意味着受伤
prefer
to
do...宁愿……
be
average平庸
set
sb.apart使某人与众不同
be
willing
to
do...愿意做……
a
balanced
way平衡的方式
normal
adj.正常的，平常的
strive
for
greatness追求伟大
原文呈现
GETTING
TO
THE
TOP
Why
do
Olympic
athletes
push
themselves
to
the
limits①？As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes，I
miss
birthday
parties，ruin
family
holidays②
and
skip
nights
out③，but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up④
so
much.(1)
“We're
worried
about⑤
you，”
said
my
friend
from
across
the
table.He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer⑥
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of⑦
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal⑧
and
no
one
to
share
it
with⑨.(2)
(1)but连接表示转折关系的并列句。
(2)and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。
I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive⑩.Don't
they
know
how
hard
it
is
to
be
at
the
top
in
sport(3)？Don't
they
know
what
it
takes
to
get
there(4)？However，deep
down?I
knew
elements?of
what
he
was
saying
were
right(5)．I
was
always
tired
and
every
workout?had
a
mental
intensity?that
seemed
too
much
for
most
to
handle.(6)
I
was
pushing
the
limits
and
extremes?beyond
what
most
thought
were
healthy(7)．
(3)how引导宾语从句。
(4)what引导宾语从句。
(5)该句为省略that的宾语从句，其中what
he
was
saying作介词of的宾语。
(6)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第二个分句中that...to
handle为定语从句，修饰先行词a
mental
intensity。
(7)what引导宾语从句。
These
are
the
fears
I
face
as
a
professional
athlete?on
a
day?to?day
basis?(8)．Who
am
I
doing
this
for？How
much
is
too
much？Why
am
I
doing
this？How
can
I
be
so
selfish?？What
are
the
sacrifices?for?
(8)该句为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fears。
I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties?and
nights
out
I
have
missed，ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in，almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
carin
downtown
Johannesburgand
driving
through
the
“no?go”
areasin
order
to
do
a
group
ridewith
the
local
triathletes.(9)The
list
is
endless.
(9)I
have
missed为定语从句，修饰先行词nights
out；because引导原因状语从句。
(10)while连接表示对比关系的并列句。
It
boils
down
tothis：I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
driveand
determination.From
a
small
girl，I
would
stay
inat
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead
on
class
workrather
thango
out
and
play；I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
ownat
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths
of
the
poolwhile
other
kids
played
pool
games(10)；I
was
the
only
girl
in
a
rugby
clubof
250
boys.I
have
always
lived
my
life
to
extremes.Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want，but
that
is
the
way
I
roll，no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
(11)
(11)句中if
you
want为条件状语从句；I
roll为定语从句，修饰先行词way；no
matter
what引导让步状语从句。
Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
different.If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion，it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
fromyour
competitors.
(12)
(12)if引导条件状语从句，it's...that强调主语，you
have
done
in
your
preparation为定语从句，修饰先行词thing。
Can
this
be
overdone？Absolutely.But
if
your
dream
is
to
be
the
best
and
reach
the
winner's
platform(13)，you
had
betterbe
totally
committed
toyour
sport.In
the
words
ofthe
British
triathlete
Alistair
Brownlee，even
if
it
means
getting
injured(14)，“I'd
prefer
tohave
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.”
(13)if引导条件状语从句。
(14)even
if引导让步状语从句。
Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
sets
us
apartbecause
we
are
willing
todo
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.(15)
It
is
certainly
not
a
balanced
wayto
live
and
it
is
certainly
not
normalbut
those
words
are
generally
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness(16)．
(15)what
we
do
as
athletes为宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句，其中that
might
take
us
to
the
top为定语从句，修饰先行词that
extra
little
bit。
(16)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。
译文参考
登上巅峰
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会，破坏家庭假日，晚上不出去玩，但有一个很好的理由放弃这么多。“我们很担心你，”坐在桌子对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我可能会变得愤怒或戒备。难道他们不知道要成为体育界的领军人物有多难吗？难道他们不知道达到这一目标需要什么吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有些东西是对的。我总是很累，每次锻炼都精神上高度集中，似乎对大多数人来说都难以承受。我在挑战极限，超越了大多数人认为健康的极限。
作为一名职业运动员，我每天都要面对这些恐惧。我这么做是为了谁？多少才算太多呢？我为何这么做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为了什么？
我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出；毁掉了在法国的家庭假日，因为无休止地寻找一个训练的游泳池；几乎错过我哥哥的婚礼，因为我在约翰内斯堡市中心忙着租车，且开车穿过“禁入”区以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起进行团体骑行。这样的例子不胜枚举。
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。从小女孩时起，我就常常在午饭时间待在家里，只是为了在功课上领先，而不是出去玩；我在十岁的时候会自己坐公交车，去游泳池游100个来回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戏；在一个有250名男生的橄榄球俱乐部里，我是唯一的女生。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
成为一名职业运动员没有什么不同。如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这样会不会太过了？绝对的。但如果你的梦想是成为最好的，并到达胜利者的平台，你最好是完全致力于你的运动。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使意味着受伤，“我宁愿有三到四年出色的获胜经历，也不愿有十年平庸的经历。”
作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。这当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，当然也不正常，但这些话一般不用于任何一个追求伟大的人。
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．The
writer
often
has
many
nights
out
with
her
friends.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
writer
takes
part
in
the
sport
mainly
for
her
health.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
writer
didn't
want
to
attend
her
brother's
wedding.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
writer
always
wants
to
live
her
life
to
extremes.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
writer
will
drop
out
of
sport
in
the
near
future.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BBBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．to
get
ahead
on
class
work
B．to
be
the
best
and
reach
the
winner's
platform
C．to
share
it
with
D．to
be
at
the
top
in
sport
E．to
do
that
extra
little
bit
F．to
be
an
Olympic
champion
1．He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
．
2．Don't
they
know
how
hard
it
is
？
3．From
a
small
girl，I
would
stay
in
at
lunch
time
just
rather
than
go
out
and
play.
4．If
you
want
，it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
5．But
if
your
dream
is
，you
had
better
be
totally
committed
to
your
sport.
6．Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.
[答案] 1—6 CDAFBE
Ⅲ.表格填空
The
situation
the
writer
faces
Things
she
gives
up
as
an
Olympic
athlete
◆1.birthday
parties◆family
holidays◆nights
out
Her
friends'
worries
and
her
reactions
◆no
longer
2.become
fun
to
train
with
her◆in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
3．championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with◆deep
down
she
knew
4．elements
of
what
he
was
saying
were
right
The
fears
she
faces
on
a
5.day?to?day
basis
◆She
was
always
tired
and
every
workout
had
a
6.mental
intensity．◆She
was
pushing
the
limits
and
7.extremes
beyond
what
most
thought
were
healthy.
The
list
of
things
she
has
done
◆From
a
small
girl，she
would
stay
in
at
lunch
time
just
to
8.get
ahead
on
class
work.◆She
would
get
the
bus
on
her
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
9.lengths
of
the
pool.◆She
was
the
only
girl
in
a
10.rugby
club
of
250
boys.
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.1
A.The
writer's
reactions.
2.Para.2
B.The
writer's
questions.
3.Para.3
C.The
things
the
writer
missed.
4.Para.4
D.Her
friends'
worries
about
the
writer.
5.Para.5
E.The
total
commitment
to
your
sport.
6.Para.6
F.The
way
to
strive
for
greatness.
7.Para.7
G.The
writer's
drive
and
determination.
8.Para.8
H.The
importance
of
that
little
extra
thing.
[答案] 1—5 DABCG 6—8 HEF
Ⅱ.课文理解
1．What
made
her
friends
worried
about
the
writer?
A．Pushing
herself
to
the
limits.
B．Missing
birthday
parties.
C．Ruining
family
holidays.
D．Becoming
dull
to
train
with
her.
2．What
is
the
writer's
attitude
to
her
friends'
worries
in
her
heart?
A．Angry.
B．Defensive.
C．Objective.
D．Favourable.
3．Why
did
the
writer
take
her
brother's
wedding
for
example?
A．To
prove
she
missed
countless
birthday
parties.
B．To
prove
she
missed
countless
nights
out.
C．To
prove
she
often
ruined
family
holidays.
D．To
prove
she
had
to
face
countless
fears
in
life.
4．What
should
you
do
in
order
to
be
an
Olympic
champion?
A．Stay
in
at
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead
on
class
work.
B．Get
the
bus
on
your
own
at
a
young
age.
C．Make
your
dream
different
from
other
competitors.
D．Do
that
extra
little
bit
that
makes
you
outstanding.
[答案] 1—4 ADCD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(四)——人物心理活动
A．阅读文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句
1．I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive.
2．However，deep
down
I
knew
elements
of
what
he
was
saying
were
right.
3．Who
am
I
doing
this
for?
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物心理活动的
1．He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.
2．I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
determination.
3．Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
different.
[答案] 2、3
1．influence
n．影响；影响力
vt.影响；对……起作用→influential
adj.有影响力的→influencer
n．影响者；有影响力的人
2．devote
vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted
adj.忠诚的；全心全意的→devotion
n．奉献；忠诚；热心
3．produce
vt.&vi.生产；产生；出产→production
n．生产；产量
4．publish
vt.&vi.出版→publisher
n．出版商→publication
n．出版；发行
5．motivate
vt.成为……的动机；激发；诱发→motivating
adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivation
n．动机；动力；诱因
6．limit
vt.&
n．限制，限定→limited
adj.有限的
7．convince
vt.使确信；使信服→convinced
adj.相信的，确信的→convincing
adj.令人信服的
8．defend
vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defence
n．防御；保卫→defensive
adj.戒备的，自卫的
9．intense
adj.强烈的，剧烈的；激烈的；紧张的→intensity
n．强度；强烈
10．count
n．总数
vt.点……的数目，计算→countless
adj.无数的，数不尽的→counter
n．柜台；计数器
11．long
adj.长的；冗长的→length
n．长度→lengthen
vt.加长
12．normal
adj.正常的，平常的→abnormal
adj.反常的；不规则的
average
adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数
①An
average
of
1，500
persons
pass
here
every
day.
n.平均数
②Underground
water
reserves
are
below
average.
n.平均水平
③40
hours
is
a
fairly
average
working
week
for
most
people.
adj.平均的
④A
very
average
director
made
very
average
movies.
adj.平庸的，普通的
devote
vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于
(教材P107)For
more
than
50
years，he
has
devoted
his
life
to
rice
production...
50年来，他致力于水稻产量……
[例] A
great
person
is
someone
who
devotes
his/her
life
to
helping
others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
[知识拓展]
(1)devote...to
(doing)
sth.
把……献给(做)某事
devote
oneself
to＝be
devoted
to
献身于；专心致力于
(2)devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
(3)devotion
n.
奉献；关爱
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He
is
determined
to
devote
his
life
to
science.
②He
married
well
and
happily
and
was
a
devoted(devote)
father
and
husband.
③Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping(help)
others.
[小片段填空]
He
could
only
devote
two
hours
a
day
to
work
on
the
project，but
his
devotion
to
duty
is
worth
respecting.
limit
vt.&
n．限制，限定
(教材P108)...such
as
making
to?do
lists
and
limiting
time
on
social
networking
and
other
distractions.
……比如做工作清单，限定用于处理社交网络和其他分心的事情的时间。
[例] There
is
a
limit
to
the
amount
of
pain
we
can
bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
[知识拓展]
(1)set
a
limit
to＝put
a
limit
on
限制；对……加以限制
to
the
limit
达到极点
within
limits
适度地，有限地
(2)limit
sth.to
限定；把……限制在……
limit
sb.to
(doing)
sth.
限制某人做某事
(3)limited
adj.
有限的，受限制的
be
limited
to
局限于
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①There
is
a
limit
to
one's
life，but
no
limit
to
serving(serve)
the
people.
②We
must
limit
the
expense
to
10
pounds.
③Families
are
limited(limit)
to
four
free
tickets
each.
convince
vt.使确信；使信服
(教材P35)...you've
convinced
me
to
read
this
book!
……你已说服我读这本书了！
[例] Her
arguments
didn't
convince
everyone，but
changes
were
made.
她的论点不能说服所有的人，但还是引起了一些变化。
[知识拓展]
(1)convince
sb.of
sth.
使某人确信/明白某事
convince
sb.that
...
使某人相信……
convince
sb.to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
(2)convincing
adj.
令人信服的
(3)convinced
adj.
确信的；坚信的
be
convinced
of
相信……
be
convinced
(that)
...
(某人)相信……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We've
been
trying
to
convince
him
to
give(give)
up
the
plan.
②What
she
said
convinced
me
that
I
was
mistaken.
③His
speech
was
so
convincing(convince)
that
everyone
present
believed
what
he
said.
④I
am
quite
convinced
of
her
experience
in
it.
⑤I'm
not
completely
convinced(convince)
that
he
knew
the
importance
of
practice.
[小片段填空]
Jim
tried
to
convince
his
parents
of
his
grade.His
words
sounded
convincing
to
them，so
they
were
convinced
that
his
son
had
made
great
progress.
ruin
vt.糟蹋；毁坏
(教材P36)
As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes，I
miss
birthday
parties，ruin
family
holidays
and
skip
nights
out，but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚合，破坏家庭假日，晚上不出去玩，但有一个很好的理由放弃这么多。
[例] That
one
mistake
ruined
his
chances
of
getting
the
job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
[知识拓展]
(1)ruin
oneself
自取灭亡
ruin
one's
health/fame
毁坏某人的健康/名誉
(2)in
ruins
毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
bring
sb.to
ruin
使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产
fall/go/come
into/to
ruin
毁灭；败落
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①If
you're
addicted
to
computer
games，you'll
ruin
yourself(you)．
②Many
factories
fell
into
ruin
after
the
European
debt
crisis.
③The
houses
on
the
seaward
side
of
the
road
were
all
in
ruins(ruin)．
[小片段填空]
The
earthquake
ruined
this
area.After
that
the
whole
area
was
in
ruins．The
disaster
brought
him
to
ruin．
countless
adj.无数的，数不尽的
(教材P36)
I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed...
我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出……
[例] She
offered
him
emotional
and
practical
support
in
countless
ways.
她以数不清的方式给予了他情感上和实质上的支持。
[知识拓展]
count
v．
(按顺序)数数；计算(或清点)总数；
把……算入；包括
count
on
doing
sth.
期望/指望做某事
count
on
sth./sb.
指望/依靠某事/某人
count
on
sb.to
do
sth.
指望/依靠某人做某事
count
down
倒计时；倒数
count
in
把……算在内；考虑在内
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①If
I
got
into
trouble，I
could
always
count
on
Rose.
②When
the
game
gets
started，you
can
count
me
in．
③Don't
count
on
other
people
to
help(help)
you
out
of
trouble.
apply
oneself
to
sth.努力；专心致志于某事
(教材P37)Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want，but
that
is
the
way
I
roll，no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
[例] If
you
apply
yourself
to
the
job，you'll
soon
finish
it.
如果你努力干，这工作用不了多久就可以完成。
[知识拓展]
(1)apply
to
sb./sth.
适用于；与……有关
apply...to...
把……应用于……
be
applied
to
sth.
应用于某事
(2)apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
(向某人)申请某事
apply
to
do
sth.
申请做某事
(3)application
n.
应用，申请
applicant
n.
申请者
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①In
order
to
know
whether
his
plan
was
practical，he
applied
for
a
study
to
his
company
about
it.
②Yao
Ming
applied
himself
closely
to
the
study
of
English
when
he
was
in
America.
③In
this
way
they
can
better
apply
theory
to
practice.
④You
will
pass
your
exams
if
you
apply
yourself
to
your
study．
＝You
will
pass
your
exams
if
you
are
applied
to
your
study．
如果你专心学习，就会通过考试。
[小片段填空]
The
applicants
who
want
to
apply
for
the
position
should
hand
in
their
applications．
set
sb./sth.apart使与众不同
(教材P37)
If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion，it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
[例] Her
bright
red
scarf
sets
her
apart
from
the
other
girls.
她那鲜红的围巾使她在姑娘们中间显得特别突出。
[知识拓展]
take...apart
把……拆开
set
sb.apart
from
使某人从……中脱颖而出
tell...apart
把……区别开来
fall
apart
崩溃；土崩瓦解
apart
from...
除……之外
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Apart
from
the
construction
mentioned
above，you
have
also
learned
the
following
phrases.
②Let's
take
the
machine
apart
and
see
what's
wrong
with
it.
咱们把机器拆开看看有什么毛病。
③They
are
so
much
alike
that
I
can't
tell
them
apart．
他们那么像以至于我很难把他们区分开。
average
adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n.平均水平；平均数
(教材P37)
I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.我宁愿有三到四年出色的获胜经历，也不愿有十年平庸的经历。
[例] The
greenhouse
effect
gives
the
earth's
surface
the
average
temperature
of
15
℃.
温室效应使得地球表面的平均温度是15摄氏度。
[知识拓展]
(1)on
(the)
average
平均来看
above
(the)
average
高于平均水平
below
(the)
average
低于平均水平
(2)an
average
of...
平均有……(后跟数词)
the
average
of...
……的平均数
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①On
average，boys
like
playing
football
better
than
girls.
②He
is
working
hard
and
his
grades
are
above
the
average
in
his
class.
③The
average
of
3，8
and
10
is
(be)
7.
④An
average
of
ten
students
haven't
passed
the
exam
in
each
class.
[名师点津]
“the
average
of...”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“an
average
of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
Sentence
Patterns
while表转折
(教材P36)
I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games.
我在十岁的时候会自己坐公交车，去游泳池游100个来回，而其他的孩子在泳池玩游戏。
句式分析：本句中while是转折连词，表示“然而；而”。
[例1] There're
plenty
of
rain
in
the
southeast，while
there's
little
in
the
northeast.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
[例2] While
Tom's
very
good
at
science，his
brother
is
absolutely
hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
[知识拓展]
while除了表示转折，还有以下用法：
(1)while意为“当……时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点。
(2)while意为“虽然；尽管”，表示让步。
(3)while意为“只要”，表示条件。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①While
I
admit
his
good
points，I
can
see
his
shortcomings.
②We
can
surely
overcome
these
difficulties
while
we
are
closely
united.
③While
I
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop，three
buses
went
by
in
the
opposite
direction.
我在公共汽车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。
强调句型
(教材P37)
If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion，it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
句式分析：本句为强调句型，强调主句的主语。
[例1] It
was
on
Monday
night
that
all
this
happened.
所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
[例2] It
is
only
when
the
disease
has
progressed
to
AIDS
that
a
person
begins
to
look
sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
[知识拓展]
(1)强调句型的一般陈述句结构为：It
＋
be
＋
被强调部分＋
that/who...
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋who/that...?
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋
is/was
it
that...？(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词。)
(4)not...until...的强调句式：It＋
be＋
not
until＋被强调部分＋that...
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It
was
because
we
were
late
that
caused
him
to
serve
dinner
an
hour
later
than
usual.
②How
was
it
that
they
discovered
the
entrance
to
the
underground
palace?
③It
was
in
the
small
house
which
was
built
with
stones
by
his
father
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
他是在一个他父亲用石头建成的小房子里度过他的童年的。
[名师点津]
判断强调句型的方法
将表示强调结构的it's和that去掉，如果句子仍然完整，则是强调句型，否则就不是。
1．He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.
[分析] 句中He
was
worried
后是and连接两个that引导的宾语从句，动名词短语being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal作in
danger
of的宾语。
[翻译] 他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
2．I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed，ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in，almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no?go”
areas
in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes.
[分析] 句中I
have
missed为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词birthday
parties
and
nights
out，because引导原因状语从句，in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes为目的状语从句。
[翻译] 我想起我错过的无数的生日聚会和深夜外出；毁掉了在法国的家庭假日，因为无休止地寻找一个训练的游泳池；几乎错过我哥哥的婚礼，因为我在约翰内斯堡市中心忙着租车，且开车穿过“禁入”区以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起进行团体骑行。
3．Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.
[分析]句中的what
we
do是宾语从句，作doing的宾语；because引导原因状语从句；that
might
take
us
to
the
top是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
little
bit。
[翻译] 作为运动员，我们所做的事情是与众不同的，因为我们愿意多做一点，这可能会让我们达到顶峰。
教材
高考
1.For
more
than
50
years，he
has
devoted
his
life
to
rice
production...
(2020·北京卷)For
the
past
five
years，Paula
Smith，a
historian
of
science，has
devoted
herself
to
re?creating
long?forgotten
techniques.
2.Mm，you've
convinced
me
to
read
this
book！
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)He
says
it's
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green，but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
3.As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes，I
miss
birthday
parties，ruin
family
holidays
and
skip
nights
out，but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Who
hasn't
received
an
email
so
annoying
that
it
ruined
an
entire
day？
4.I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed，...
(2020·北京卷)Over
time，the
bags
fall
apart
into
countless
tiny
pieces，and
fish
can
accidentally
eat
some
of
them.
5.I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.
(2020·江苏卷)Then，on
two
separate
morning
visits
to
the
scientists'
lab，each
man
walked
for
an
hour
at
an
average
speed
that，in
theory
should
allow
his
body
to
rely
mainly
on
fat
for
fuel.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
was
the
boy
who
had
been
in
prison
that
stole
the
money.
2．The
trouble
is
that
these
restrictions
have
remained
while
other
things
have
changed.
3．I
have
twenty
novels
and
countless(count)
magazine
stories
to
my
credit.
4．The
town
walls
were
built
as
a
defence(defend)
against
enemy
attacks.
5．He
was
convinced(convince)
that
doctors
and
dentists
knew
best.
6．The
expenses
should
be
limited
to
what
you
can
really
afford.
7．All
his
spare
time
has
been
devoted
to
learning(learn)
English
over
the
radio.
8．Faulks
has
applied
himself(him)
to
this
task
with
considerable
energy.
9．This
will
set
you
apart
and
gain
you
immediate
respect
and
credibility.
10．On
average，a
platypus
eats
as
much
food
as
half
of
its
own
weight
every
day.
Ⅱ.短语填空
apply
oneself
to；apart
from；stay
in；boil
down
to；devote...to；on
average
1．I
stayed
in
and
looked
through
Tom's
old
stuff.
2．He
applied
himself
to
the
task
with
diligence.
3．On
average
each
report
requires
two
months
to
prepare.
4．I
have
personally
been
devoted
to
this
cause
for
many
years.
5．The
advice
we
gave
him
boiled
down
to
this：he
should
take
care
of
his
health.
6．Apart
from
some
spelling
mistakes，the
composition
is
fairly
good.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As
an
Olympic
athlete，I
miss
birthday
parties，ruin
family
holidays
and
skip
nights
out.My
friend
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
1.to
train(train)
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
2.being
left(leave)
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.Deep
down
I
knew
3.elements(element)
of
what
he
was
saying
were
right.I
was
pushing
the
limits
and
extremes
beyond
what
most
thought
were
healthy.
This
is
because
I
4.was
born(bear)
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
5.determination(determine)．Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
different.If
you
want
to
be
6.an
Olympic
champion，it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
7.from
your
competitors.Doing
8.what
we
do
as
athletes
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.It
is
certainly
not
a
9.balanced(balance)
way
to
live
and
it
is
certainly
not
normal
but
those
words
are
10.generally(general)
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness.
冠词
[观察例句]
1．We've
bought
a
new
washing
machine.
2．I
saw
a
girl
climbing
up
the
mountain.She
was
carrying
a
heavy
backpack.
3．The
car
is
dirty.
4．The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.
5．The
computer
is
the
most
important
invention
of
the
20th
century.
6．I
find
snakes
fascinating.
[归纳用法]
1．单数可数名词前，泛指某人、某事。当把该人或该事作为一组、一类的例子时，经常用不定冠词a/an。
2．第一次提及某事时用不定冠词a/an。
3．别人知道我们谈论的是哪个人、哪件事，并能很容易判定该人、该事时，用定冠词the。
4．世界上独一无二的事物前，用定冠词the。
5．与单数名词连用表示整个种类，用定冠词the。
6．表示泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前，不用冠词。
一、不定冠词
1．表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。
I'll
return
in
a
day
or
two.
2．表示“同一”，相当于“the
same”。
The
children
are
of
an
age.
3．表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。
He
wants
to
be
a
doctor.
A
dog
is
a
faithful
animal.
4．用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。
Yesterday
I
bought
a
novel.It
cost
me
30
yuan.
5．用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。
We
have
meals
three
times
a
day.
6．用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a
certain”。
A
Mr.Li
is
asking
to
see
you.
7．与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/……”。
There
was
a
heavy
rain
yesterday.
He
gave
us
a
big
surprise.
8．用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。
He
wanted
to
try
a
second
time.
9．表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。
We
have
a
warm
winter
this
year.
This
evening
I
had
a
big
supper.
10．用在某些固定词组中。
have
a
swim
all
of
a
sudden
once
in
a
while
as
a
result
(of)
in
a
hurry
as
a
whole
at
a
time
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They
found
an
apartment
in
America
where
they
lived
only
half
a
year.
②I
really
enjoyed
my
stay
in
Xi'an.It's
indeed
worth
a
second
visit.
二、定冠词
1．用于上文提到过的人或事物前。
I
have
bought
a
book.The
book
is
very
useful.
2．用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。
Close
the
window，please.
3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：the
sun。
4．用于表示方位的名词之前，如：in
the
east。
5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前，如：the
first，the
most
interesting。
6．用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中，表示“越……越……”。
The
more，the
better.
7．用于表示两者相比“较……的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。
Of
the
two
students，Mary
is
the
cleverer.
8．用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：the
old，the
poor，the
dead。
9．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)前，如：the
Great
Wall，the
United
States等。
10．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词前，如：the
West
Lake。
11．用于复数姓氏前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：the
Whites。
12．用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：play
the
piano，play
the
violin。
13．用于表示度量单位的名词前，如：by
the
day。
14．用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：in
the
1970s。
15．用于某些固定词组中，如：all
the
time，at
the
age
of，in
the
end，by
the
way，in
the
form
of等。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
③The
village
where
I
was
born
has
taken
on
a
new
look
in
the
past
ten
years.
④As
far
as
I
know，he
will
get
paid
by
the
week.
三、零冠词
1．不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。
2．可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。
Einstein's
theory
proved
to
be
correct
and
soon
he
became
world
famous.
3．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：in
March，on
Sunday，have
supper。
4．称呼语前不加冠词。
What
shall
I
do
next，mother?
5．表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。
6．学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
7．复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。
8．在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
9．连系动词turn后的表语是单数可数名词前不加冠词。
The
young
worker
has
turned
writer.
10．as引导让步状语从句时须倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装，其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。
Child
as
he
is，he
knows
a
lot.
11．某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husband
and
wife，arm
in
arm。
注意下列词组的区别：
[名师点津]
由于受到汉语的干扰，冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：
1．对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误
(误)The
Spring
Festival
evening
party
was
success.
(正)The
Spring
Festival
evening
party
was
a
success.
2．冠词在一些固定结构中的误用
3．冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点
(误)In
many
places
of
China，a
bicycle
is
still
the
popular
means
of
transportation.
(正)In
many
places
of
China，the
bicycle
is
still
a
popular
means
of
transportation.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations，three
are
declining，six
are
stable，one
is
increasing，and
nine
lack
enough
data.
2．When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
short?listed，we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
3．Everybody
wears
the
same
style
of
clothes.Uniforms
can
be
useful
in
unexpected
ways.
4．As
a
result，people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
5．Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years，while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
6．Each
of
my
cafes
will
have
a
different
theme
and
a
unique
style.
7．During
my
last
winter
holiday，I
went
to
the
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
8．In
the
summer
holiday
following
my
eighteenth
birthday，I
took
driving
lessons.I
still
remember
how
hard
the
first
day
was.
9．They
live
far
from
the
school，and
it
takes
them
about
an
hour
and
a
half
to
go
to
work
every
day.
10．If
we
stay
at
home，it
is
comfortable
and
there
is
no
need
to
spend
money.But
in
that
case，we
will
learn
little
about
the
world.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空(冠词专练)
Ireland，Japan，China
scientists
share
1.the
2015
Nobel
Prize
for
medicine.William
Campbell，Satoshi
Omura
and
Tu
Youyou
jointly
won
the
prize
for
their
work
against
diseases，the
award?giving
body
said
on
Monday.
Campell
born
in
Ireland
and
Japanese
Omura
won
half
of
the
prize
for
2.a
new
drug，which
has
helped
3.the
battle
against
river
blindness，as
well
as
showing
powerful
effect
against
other
diseases.
The
Chinese
scientist
Tu
Youyou
also
discovered
artemisinin(青蒿素)，a
drug
that
has
sharply
reduced
4.the
death
rates
for
patients
suffering
from
malaria(疟疾)．She
is
also
5.the
first
Chinese
citizen
to
win
the
Noble
Prize
for
medicine.The
prize
winning
is
6.an
honour
for
China's
science
cause
and
traditional
Chinese
medicine.
“These
two
discoveries
provide
humankind
with
7.a
new
way
to
fight
these
diseases
that
affect
hundreds
of
millions
of
people
annually.8.The
award
for
Tu
Youyou
is
the
result
of
a
major
change
in
9.the
way
China
performs
scientific
research.China
has
spent
10.a
lot
of
money
on
such
research
over
the
past
years，”a
member
of
the
Nobel
committee
said.
PAGEUNIT
2
SUCCESS
Section
Ⅲ READING
&
WRITING
阅读WRITING
WORKSHOP中的材料，选择最佳答案。
1．Why
is
Lang
Ping
recognized
to
be
the
most
popular
figure?
A．Because
she
played
volleyball
for
35
years.
B．Because
she
contributed
a
lot
to
volleyball.
C．Because
she
played
on
China's
national
volleyball
team.
D．Because
she
had
strong
and
powerful
style.
2．When
did
Lang
Ping
retire
from
China's
national
volleyball
team?
A．In
1980.
B．In
1982.
C．In
1984.
D．In
1986.
3．Why
did
Lang
Ping
return
and
lead
China's
national
volleyball
team?
A．Because
the
team
was
struggling.
B．Because
she
wanted
to
be
famous.
C．Because
she
was
given
the
Best
Coach.
D．Because
she
has
huge
influence
on
volleyball.
[答案] 1—3 BDA
Words
and
Phrases
recognised
adj.公认的；经过检验的
(教材P40)
Lang
Ping
is
one
of
China's
most
recognised
athletes.
郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。
[例] This
is
21
century
and
Bhutan
is
a
recognised
independent
country.
这是21世纪，并且不丹是一个公认的独立的国家。
[知识拓展]
(1)recognise
vt.
辨认出；承认；公认
recognise
sb./one's
voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognise
sb./sth.as/to
be...
承认……是……
be
recognised
to
be/as...
被认为是……
recognise
that...
认识到/承认……
It
is
recognised
that...
人们公认……
(2)recognition
n.
认出，识别；承认
beyond/out
of
recognition
(变得)认不出来
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It
says
the
UK
is
already
widely
recognised
as
one
of
the
best
prepared
countries
in
the
world.
②I
should
have
recognised
that
the
baby
was
doing
poorly.
③His
government
did
not
receive
full
recognition(recognise)
by
the
United
States
until
July.
④It
is
widely
recognized
that
learning
to
learn
is
more
important
than
knowledge.
人们普遍认为学会学习比掌握知识更重要。
[小片段填空]
Face
recognition
is
a
new
kind
of
technology.The
machine
can
recognise
different
kinds
of
face.It
is
widely
recognised
that
it
is
a
great
technology.
contribute
v．捐献；促成
(教材P40)
She
has
been
a
volleyball
star
for
more
than
thirty?five
years
and
has
contributed
greatly
to
the
sport，which
has
made
her
the
most
popular
figure
in
China's
volleyball
history.
35年来，她一直是排球明星，为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献，这使她成为中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。
[例] I
believe
that
each
of
us
can
contribute
to
the
future
of
the
world.
我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
[知识拓展]
(1)contribute
sth.to
sb.
把某物捐献/捐赠给某人
contribute
to
sth.
为……做贡献(捐款)；有助于；
促成某事物；起……作用
contribute...to...
撰稿；投稿
contribute
one's
share
尽自己的一份力量
(2)contribution
n.
贡献
make
contributions/a
contribution
to...
对……做贡献
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Would
you
like
to
make
a
contribution(contribute)
to
the
hospital
building
fund?
②He
contributed
a
lot
of
good
ideas
to
the
discussion.
③His
carelessness
contributed
to
the
accident.
advanced
adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的
(教材P43)The
disease
was
so
advanced
that
he
had
just
a
couple
of
months
to
live.
病情晚期，他只有几个月的生命。
[例] The
course
is
suitable
for
beginners
and
advanced
students.本课程适合初学者及程度较高者。
[知识拓展]
advance
n．
前进；发展；
v.
推进，促进；将……提前
advance
on/towards
向……前进
make
an
advance
in
在……方面取得进展
in
advance
提前
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①That
will
help
us
advance
on
a
more
solid
basis.
②The
subject
of
the
talk
is
announced
a
week
in
advance.
reference
n．推荐信；谈到，提及
(教材P43)Even
from
his
hospital
bed，he
continued
his
work，writing
letters
of
reference
for
his
colleagues
and
replying
to
questions
from
his
students.
即使在病床上，他也继续工作，为同事写推荐信，回答学生的提问。
[例] No
reference
books
are
to
be
taken
out
of
the
reading
room
without
permission.
本阅览室参考书不得私自携出。
[知识拓展]
(1)make
a
reference
to
提到，谈到
reference
book
参考书
(2)refer
v.
谈及；提及；涉及；参考
refer
to
提到，涉及；查阅
refer
to
sb./sth.
提及某人/事
refer
to
the
dictionary/notes
查词典/笔记
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①For
further
information，please
refer
to
the
advertisement.
②Refer
to
the
dictionary
when
you
don't
know
how
to
spell
a
word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
Sentence
Patterns
并列连词not
only...but
also...
(教材P40)
She
is
loved
not
only
because
of
her
devotion
to
her
career，but
also
because
of
her
huge
influence
on
the
sport
of
volleyball.
她受人爱戴，不仅因为她对职业的热爱，还因为她对排球运动的巨大影响。
句式分析：句中not
only...but
also...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“not
just...but
also...”。
[例1] She
likes
not
only
music，but
also
sport.
她不仅喜欢音乐，而且喜欢运动。
[例2] Not
only
shall
we
work
hard，but
we
shall
also
learn
how
to
work
hard.
我们不仅要苦干，而且要学会巧干。
[知识拓展]
(1)not
only...but
also...结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
(2)not
only...but
also...连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则。
(3)当not
only
位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not
just
the
students
but
also
their
teacher
likes(like)
playing
football.
②They
not
only
broke
into
his
office
but
(also)
tore
up
his
papers．
他们不仅闯入了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。
③Not
only
can
he
speak
English
correctly，but
he
also
speaks
it
fluently.
他不仅能正确地说英语，而且说得很流利。
预测推断类
预测推断类文章一般是预测接下来的内容或者事情的结局。需要我们把握全文线索，尤其最后一段内容的主题。
[例文] Still，I
was
more
concerned
about
my
husband's
emotional
state
than
our
financial
situation.David's
sense
of
identity
was
tied
to
his
job.He
called
his
parents
to
tell
them
about
losing
his
job，but
didn't
say
a
word
to
anyone
else
for
weeks.He
told
me
that
he
felt
like
“a
failure”．
It
was
tough
for
me
to
watch
David
struggle
with
unemployment.One
night
a
couple
of
weeks
after
he
lost
his
job，David
woke
me
just
before
midnight，sweating，pacing
the
bedroom
floor
and
saying
he
felt
funny.We
spent
the
night
in
the
emergency
room
waiting
to
see
if
he
had
a
heart
attack.Thankfully，it
was
just
a
serious
anxiety
attack.It
was
then
that
I
knew
I
needed
to
do
more
to
understand
what
my
husband
was
going
through.Here
is
what
I
learned
from
my
own
experience—and
from
talking
to
experts—on
how
to
support
your
spouse
through
a
job
loss.
◆What
will
be
talked
about
in
the
next
part
of
the
passage?
A．What
the
writer
did
to
help
get
some
income.
B．How
David
suffered
from
the
heart
attack
and
the
treatment.
C．How
the
writer
supported
David
to
get
through
the
jobless
period.
D．Why
the
insurance
company
fired
David.
[答案] C
[即学即练]——请快速确定下面这段文字后面会接着叙述的内容
In
addition，positive
affirmations
(肯定)
can
certainly
change
your
self
talk
from
negative
to
positive.Now，why
not
begin
working
positive
affirmations
into
your
life
in
some
creative
ways?
◆What
will
probably
be
talked
about
in
the
following
paragraph?
A．How
negative
self
talk
influences
a
person.
B．How
positive
self
talk
reduces
stress
in
one's
life.
C．Some
great
ways
of
making
great
friends.
D．Some
creative
ways
of
practicing
affirmation.
[答案] D
人物故事
本单元写作项目是写一篇人物故事，属于人物介绍类写作范畴。
[基本框架]
开头——引出人物
主体——详细介绍人物的生平和成就
结尾——人物简要总结
[常用词块]
1．be
born
in
a
small
village
出生于一个小村庄
2．graduate
from
a
famous
university毕业于一所有名的大学
3．get
on
well
with
his
classmates和他的同学相处融洽
4．help
her
mother
with
housework帮助她妈妈做家务
5．have
difficulty
in
learning
学习有困难
6．be
highly
thought
of
by
his
teachers受到老师的高度赞扬
[常用语句]
生平或简历
1．He
was
born
in
a
poor
family
with
three
sisters.他出生于一个贫穷家庭，有三个姐妹。
2．After
graduating
from
high
school，he
was
admitted
to
a
famous
university.高中毕业后，他被一所有名的大学录取。
3．He
was
a
famous
actor，who
stood
out
in
his
age.他是一个著名的演员，在他的时代很突出。
性格品质
1．He
is
very
skillful
at
operating
a
PC，so
I
think
he
is
quite
equal
to
doing
this
job.他擅长操作电脑，因此我认为他完全胜任这项工作。
2．When
he
was
young，he
could
take
advantage
of
every
chance
to
enter
the
theatre.他年轻的时候，他能利用每一次机会去剧院。
3．He
didn't
have
a
good
outstanding
character，so
he
couldn't
get
along
well
with
his
friends.
他没有外向的性格，因此他不能够和朋友很好地相处。
爱好与特长
1．He
had
a
very
strong
appetite
for
reading
and
he
grew
up，thinking
of
reading
as
natural
as
breathing.他对阅读有着强烈的欲望，他渐渐长大，认为阅读和呼吸一样自然。
2．The
fluency
in
English
as
well
as
a
good
master
of
computer
gave
him
an
advantage
over
others.流利的英语和熟练的计算机使他比其他人有优势。
3．In
common
with
other
energetic
and
diligent
students,
I
am
quite
into
sports
and
read
a
lot.与其他精力充沛、勤奋好学的学生一样，我相当喜欢运动和阅读。
根据以下提示，写一篇人物介绍。
莫言
出生日期：1955年2月17日
出
生
地：山东省高密一个穷苦人家
兴趣爱好：自幼喜欢阅读、书法(calligraphy)
性格特征：开朗、幽默
主要成就：2011年凭借《蛙》获中国最高文学奖“矛盾文学奖”；
2012年获诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel
Prize
in
Literature)。
评
价：第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家，被誉为是对中国文学做出巨大贡献的作家之一。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【学生习作】
Mo
Yan
was
born
in
a
poor
family
in
Gaomi，Shandong
Province
on
February
17，1955.He
was
interested
in
reading
and
calligraphy.He
is
outgoing
and
humorous.He
won
China's
highest
literary
prize，Mao
Dun
Literature
Prize
by
his
book
Frog
in
2011.To
all
Chinese's
excitement，in
2012
he
became
the
first
Chinese
writer
to
be
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature，which
will
certainly
make
great
contributions
to
the
development
of
Chinese
literature.
点评：1.文章要点全面，能够完成基本写作任务。2.句式较为单一，只是简单地使用了一个定语从句，有待于提高。3.行文连贯，能够合理使用一些过渡词汇效果更佳。
【升格作文】
Born
into
a
poor
family
in
Gaomi，Shandong
Province
on
February
17，1955，Mo
Yan
showed
great
interest
in
reading
and
calligraphy
in
his
early
years.What's
more，not
only
is
he
outgoing
but
he
also
has
a
strong
sense
of
humor.With
a
talent
for
literature，he
won
China's
highest
literary
prize，Mao
Dun
Literature
Prize
by
his
book
Frog
in
2011.To
all
Chinese's
excitement，in
2012
he
became
the
first
Chinese
writer
to
be
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature，which
will
certainly
make
great
contributions
to
the
development
of
Chinese
literature.
假如你的美国朋友来信询问你有关“憨豆”(Mr.Bean)的情况，请你用英语给他回信，主要内容：
1．喜欢憨豆的原因；
2．介绍一部憨豆的作品。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Mr.Bean
is
a
funny
man，who
always
makes
me
laugh.I
like
him
very
much
for
his
interesting
actions.Among
all
of
his
films，I
like
Mr.Bean's
Holiday
best，in
which
he
went
to
France
for
a
trip，and
lost
all
of
his
money.He
won
a
camera，so
he
took
many
interesting
photos.He
met
a
boy，who
was
the
son
of
a
famous
movie
director，and
they
did
lots
of
funny
things
together.They
sang
and
danced
for
money，and
got
on
the
train
without
money.I
think
his
stories
are
so
great.I
just
want
to
watch
it
again.
PAGE
