(共57张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
状语从句
Lead
in
一、状语从句概述
状语从句的本质就是把一个句子变成“大的副词”，用来表达单词作状语和介词短语作状语表达不了的内容。用一个句子做状语，这个句子就叫状语从句。要想了解状语从句，那么首先得知道什么是状语。
我们先来学习一下状语是什么？简单的说，状语通常由副词充当或相当于副词的短语和句子充当，除修饰名词之外的词（动词，形容词，副词等）都称为“状语”。
eg：He
did
the
work
carefully.
他认真地做这项工作。（副词作方式状语）
They
want
to
see
her
very
badly.
他们很想见到她。（副词作程度状语）
He
is
playing
football
happily.
他高兴地踢着足球。（副词作状语）
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in
eg：Without
his
help,we
couldn't
work
out
the
problem
in
time.
如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能及时解决这个问题。（介词短语作条件状语）
In
order
to
catch
up
with
my
classmates.I
must
study
harder.
为了赶上我的同班同学，我必须更努力地习。（不定式作目的状语）
He
came
yesterday.
他昨天来了。（副词作时间状语）
We
eat
at
the
restaurant.
我们在餐馆吃饭。（介词短语作地点状语）
I
go
to
work
by
car.
我开车去上班。（介词短语作方式状语）
He
is
running
fast.
他正在快速的奔跑。（副词作程度状语）
I
usually
play
football
in
the
afternoon.
（介词短语作地点状语）
我通常下午踢足球
Lead
in
◆
用一个句子做状语，这个句子就叫状语从句。
eg：when
she
came
into
my
room,
I
was
reading
a
book.
(时间状语从句)
当她走进我的房间时，我正在看书。
We
must
camp
where
we
can
get
water.
(地点状语从句)
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
We
couldn't
go
out
because
it
was
too
cold.
(原因状语从句)
因为天气太冷了，我们不能出去。
We
must
do
as
the
teacher
tells
us.
(方式状语从句)
我们必须照老师说的做。
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in
eg：I
turned
off
the
TV
so
that
my
sister
could
study
in
peace.
我把电视关了，这样我妹妹就可以安心学习了(目的状语从句)
The
child
is
so
young
that
he
can't
go
to
school.
(结果状语从句)
这孩子太小了以至于不能去上学。
If
it
rains
tomorrow,
I
will
take
my
umbrella.
(条件状语从句)
如果明天下雨，我就带上雨伞。
Even
if/though
it
is
raining,
we
will
go
there.
(让步状语从句)
即使下雨，我们也要去那儿。
He
plays
football
as
well
as
his
brother.
(比较状语从句)
他踢足球和他哥哥一样好。
Lead
in
从上面的例子可以看出，状语从句种类繁多，一般可分为9大状语从句：时间/地点/原因/方式状语从句（帮助记忆：when/where/why/how）；目的/结果状语从句；条件/让步状语从句；比较状语从句。初中阶段主要掌握：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。
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in
二、时间状语从句
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的表示时间的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。）
一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when,
before,
after,
as
soon
as或until等引导。在使用时，从句一般不用一般将来时态。若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来，即“主将从现”。
eg：I
will
go
to
the
cinema
as
soon
as
I
finish
my
homework.
我一完成作业就去电影院。
When
I
grow
up,
I
will
join
the
army.
当我毕业了，我就要去参军。
Lead
in
连词
含义
连词
含义
when
当……时候
as
soon
as
once
the
moment
the
minute
一……就
while
在……期间
as
随着，一边
whenever
每当、每次
the
last
time
最后
by
the
time
到……时候
the
first
time
首次
since
自从
next
time
下次
until/till
直到
any
time
随时
before
之前
each
time
每次
after
之后
every
time
每当
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in
1、when、while与as引导的时间状语从句
这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当……时候”的意思。
when的适用范围最广，其后可接瞬间动词和延续性动词，既可指时间点，又可指时间段，when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的，也可以是延续性的。
when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。
while强调“在……期间”，仅指一段时间，只能接延续性动词，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生。while还可作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比关系。
as表示“随着”的时候，延续性动词、瞬间动词都可接，但表示“一边”时只接延续性动词。
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in
eg：He
fell
asleep
when/while/as
he
was
reading.
他看书时睡着了。
Lisa
was
singing
while
her
mother
was
playing
the
piano.
莉萨在唱歌，她妈妈在弹钢琴。
When
I
go
to
Tom's
party,
I'll
call
you.
我去参加汤姆的聚会时会给你打电话的。
When
the
teacher
came
in,
the
children
were
talking.
老帅进来时，孩子们止在说话。
Tom
is
strong
while
his
younger
brother
is
weak.
汤姆很强壮，而他弟弟很瘦弱。
We
always
sing
as
we
walk.
我们总是一边走路一边唱歌。
As
it
grew
darker,
it
became
colder.
随着天色越晚，天气越冷。
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in
2、as
soon
as，the
moment与the
minute引导的时间状语从句
as
soon
as
意为“一……就”，引导时间状语从句，其后省略了引导词that，相当于the
moment
或
the
minute；as
soon
as=the
moment=the
minute=the
second=
the
instant=
immediately=
directly=instantly。(在含有as
soon
as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。)
Lead
in
eg：The
minute
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV,
my
mom
came
over.
我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
Please
call
me
up
the
minute
you
get
there.
请你一到那儿就给我打电话。
He
got
married
as
soon
as
he
graduated.
他一毕业就结婚了。
My
mom
came
over
as
soon
as
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV.
我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
As
soon
as
I
finish
my
homework,
I
will
go
and
play
with
you.
我一做完作业就去和你玩。
The
moment
I
arrived
my
home
it
rained
yesterday.
我一到家，昨天就下雨了。
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in
3、since引导的时间状语从句
since是一个用法极活跃的词，现就其用法归纳如下：
?
用作介词，意思是“从……以来，自从……”，常与完成时连用。since+时间点/since+一段时间+ago
eg：I
have
stayed
in
that
country
since
1995.
从1995年以来我就在那个国家了。
They
have
lived
in
that
house
since
two
years
ago.
两年前他们就住在那座房子里了。
Lead
in
?
用作副词，意思是“从那时以后(一直到现在)”，“其后(到现在之间)”；ever
since从那以后一直(更加强调since的用法)。
eg：Things
have
not
changed
very
much
since.
从那时起，情况并没有太大的改变。
He
got
a
job
with
the
firm
in
1970
and
has
worked
there
ever
since.
他从1970年开始在那家公司任职，之后就一直在那里工作。
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in
?
用作连词
①
引导原因状语从句，相当于now
that，意思是“因为……，既然……，由于……”。
eg：Since
they
live
in
one
house
with
their
parents,
they
should
know
that
everyone
should
do
their
part
in
keeping
it
clean
and
tidy.由于他们与父母一起住在一所房子里，他们应该知道每个人应该尽自己的职责保持房子干净和整洁。
Since
we
are
young,
we
shouldn’t
be
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes.
因为我们还年轻，
所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
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in
②
引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以后；自……以来”；主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。
eg：He
has
studied
very
hard
since
he
came
to
our
school.
自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
lived
here.
自从他住在这里以后,我就没有他的消息了。
It
is
three
years
since
he
smoked.
他不吸烟已有3年了。
It
is/has
been
5
years
since
we
last
met.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。
It
is/has
been
a
long
time
since
Mary
was
ill.
玛丽病好很长时间了。
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in
4、after与before引导的时间状语从句
before表示“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。
after表示“在……这后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
eg：It
will
be
four
days
before
they
come
back.
他们要过四天才能回来。
Before
they
reached
the
station,
the
train
had
gone.
他们到达车站前火车就开走了。
Mother
always
prepares
supper
before
I
come
back
from
school.
妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。
After
we
had
finished
the
work,
we
went
home.
完成工作之后，我们回家了。
I
will
go
out
to
play
basketball
with
you
after
I
finish
my
homework.
我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
I’ll
leave
after
he
comes
back.
他回来之后我就离开了。
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in
5、until/till引导时间状语从句
连词until/till意为“直到……为止；到……时”，引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。not……until……意为“直到……才……”。
eg：We
didn't
go
home
until
the
rain
stopped.
直到雨停了，我们才回家。
The
boy
didn't
go
to
bed
until
his
mother
came
back.
那个男孩直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。
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in
not……until……
表示“直到……才……”，句子中的谓语动词常用瞬间性动词，表示直到until后面的动作才刚刚开始。
until
表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，句子中的谓语动词常用延续性动词。表示直到until后面的动作就已经结束了。
eg：You
can't
leave
the
office
until
I
arrive.
(动作开始)
直到我来你才能能离开办公室。
They
didn't
talk
until
the
next
day.
(动作开始)
直到第二天，他们才交谈。
He
lived
with
his
parents
until
23.
(动作结束)
他跟父母住在一起，一直到23岁。
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in
6、by
the
time引导的时间状语从句
by
the
time意为“到……时候（为止）”常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。
eg：By
the
time
he
was
12,
he
had
travelled
to
more
than
30
countries.
到12岁为止，他已经去过30多个国家了。
By
the
time
I
got
outside,
the
bus
had
already
left.
我到外面时,公交车已经开走了。
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in
8、名词短语引导的时间状语从句
the
last
time
最后
any
time
随时
the
first
time
首次
each
time
每次
next
time
下次
every
time
每当
eg：The
first
time
I
saw
him,
he
was
reading
a
book.
我第一次看见他的时候，他正在读书。
The
last
time
I
saw
him,
he
was
in
New
York.
我最后一次见到他是在纽约。
Next
time
you
come
here,
bring
your
son.
下次你来的时候，带着你的儿子。
Any
time
you
come
to
London,
please
look
me
up.
任何时候你来伦敦，请一定来看我。
Every
time/Each
time
I
was
in
trouble,
he
would
help
me
out.
每当我处于困境，他就会帮我解决。
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in
二、条件状语从句
连词
含义
备注
if
如果
unless=if……not……
as/so
long
as
只要
unless
除非
Lead
in
1、if引导的条件状语从句
if意为“如果；假如；倘若”，引导条件状语从句，既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若if条件句放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。
eg：If
you
go
there,I'll
go,too.
如果你去那儿，我也会去。
My
mother
will
take
me
to
the
park
if
she
is
free.
我妈妈如果有空，就会带我去公园。
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in
?
时态运用
if引导的条件状语从句要遵循“主将从现”的规则。即if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时（will），从句用一般现在时。
①
主句是一般将来时。
eg：If
he
comes,
he
will
bring
his
violin.
他如果来，就会带来他的小提琴。
②
主句谓语可以含有情态动词may/might/can/
must/should
等。
eg：If
the
traffic
lights
are
red,
you
must
stop
and
wait.
如果红绿灯亮了，你必须停下来等待。
If
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
must
eat
less
meat.
你如果想减肥，必须少吃肉。
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in
③
主句谓语中也可以用had
better(not)do……提建议
eg：If
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
had
better
take
some
exercise.
如果你想减肥，你最好做些运动。
④
主句也可以是祈使句。
eg：If
you
are
not
strong
enough,
please
don't
take
part
in
such
an
activity.
你如果不够强壮，请不要参加这种活动。
⑤
if的反义词：if…not…=unless，意思为“如果不，除非”，可以互换。
eg：I
won’t
go
there
unless
I
hear
from
you.
除非你给我回信，我就不去那里了。
=I
won’t
go
there
if
I
don't
hear
from
you.
如果你没有给我回信，我就不去那里了。
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in
?
句型转换
①
有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，当主句和从句的主语均为you时，可转换为“祈使句，and+简单句”或“祈使句，or(否则)+简单句”
eg：If
you
study
hard,
you’ll
pass
the
exam
easily.
如果你努力学习，你很容易通过考试。
=
Study
hard,
and
you’ll
pass
the
exam
easily.
努力学习，你将很容易通过考试。
If
you
don't
hurry
up,
you
will
be
late
again.
如果你不快点，你又会迟到的。
=Hurry
up,or
you
will
be
late
again.
快点，不然你又要迟到了。
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in
②
借助介词with
或without来转换。
eg：If
you
help
me,
I’ll
finish
my
job
soon.
如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。
With
your
help,
I’ll
finish
my
job
soon.
有你的帮助，我很快就能完成我的工作。
If
there
is
no
water,
fish
will
die.
如果没有水，鱼将会死。
Fish
will
die
without
water.
鱼没有水就会死。
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in
?
注意事项
★
在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能够使用be
going
to结构，而要用will。
eg：I’ll
help
you
with
your
English
if
I
am
free
tomorrow.
如果明天我有空，我会帮你学英语。
★
在if引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some，而要用any。
eg：If
you
have
any
questions
to
ask,
please
come
to
my
office.
如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。
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in
?
if引导的条件状语从句和if引导的宾语从句的区分
◆
if在句中的含义不同：If在宾语从句中翻译为“是否”；If在条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”。
eg：I
want
to
know
if
he
is
a
teacher.
(“是否”)
我想知道他是不是老师。
I’ll
go
to
see
you
if
I
am
free
next
week.
(“如果”)
如果我下周有空，我就去看你。
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in
◆
if在从句中的位置不同：If引导的宾语从句放在主句之后；而if引导的状语从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。If引导的条件状语从句放于句首时多用逗号隔开；而if引导的宾语从句则不能。
eg：I
don’t
know
if
the
train
has
arrived.
我不知道火车是否到了。
I
will
go
out
tomorrow
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
如果明天不下雨，我就出去。
=
If
it
doesn’t
rain,
I
will
go
out
tomorrow.
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in
2、unless引导的条件状语从句
unless连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if……not……。当主句用一般将来时或祈使句时，unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。
eg：Unless
we
talk
to
someone,
well
certainly
feel
worse.
我们如果不与人聊聊，肯定会感觉更糟。
Unless
something
unexpected
happens,
see
you
tomorrow.
如果不出意外，我明天将去看你。
You'll
be
late
unless
you
hurry
up.
如果你不快点儿，你将会迟到。
I
won’t
go
there
unless
I
hear
from
you.
除非你给我回信，我就不去那里了。
=I
won’t
go
there
if
I
don't
hear
from
you.
如果你没有给我回信，我就不去那里了。
Lead
in
3、as/so
long
as引导的条件状语从句
意为“只要……就”，引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词can时，as
long
as所引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来。
eg：As
long
as
the
weather
is
fine
tomorrow,
we’ll
go
hiking.
只要明天天气好，我们就去徒步旅行。
You
may
take
this
book
away
so
long
as
you
return
it
on
time.
只要你按时归还，你可以把书带走。
★
注意：若表示同级比较，则as
long
as表示“和……一样长”。
eg：This
pencil
is
as
long
as
that
one.
这支铅笔和那支一样长。
My
hair
is
as
long
as
yours.
我的头发与你的头发一样长。
Lead
in
三、原因状语从句
连词
含义
备注
because
因为
since即可引导时间状语从句，又可以引导原因状语从句
as
由于
since
既然
for并列连词
因为
Lead
in
1、because引导原因状语从句
because连词，意为“因为”，表示直接、明确的原因或理由，引导原因状语从句。既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。
eg：I
didn't
buy
the
shirt
because
it
was
too
expensive.
我没有买这件衬衫，因为它太贵了。
We
couldn't
go
out
because
it
was
too
cold.
因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
Because
he
could
not
free
his
arm,
he
stayed
there
for
five
days
and
hoped
that
someone
would
find
him.
因为他无法挣脱胳膊，他在那里呆了五天，希望有人能找到他。
I
had
trouble
thinking
clearly
after
that
because
I
was
very
afraid.
我难以清楚地想起那之后的事，因为我很害怕。
Lead
in
注意：★
与汉语不同的是，英语中的because不能与so连用。
eg：Because
it
rained
all
day,
so
we
didn't
go
for
an
outing
last
Saturday.
(×)
因为下了一整天的雨，迈克上周六没有去郊游。
Because
it
rained
all
day,
we
didn't
go
for
an
outing
last
Saturday.（√）
★
because
of也表示原因，但是他与because不同，他是介词短语，后面不接从句，只能接名词或名词短语、代词或动名词
eg：And
because
of
the
bad
weather,
we
couldn't
see
anything
below.
而且由于糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。
He
lost
his
job
because
of
his
age.
由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
There
were
many
times
when
Aron
almost
lost
his
life
because
of
accidents.
有很多次阿龙因为意外险些丧命。
Lead
in
2、as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，含有对比说明的意味，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
eg：As
it
is
raining,
you’d
better
take
a
taxi.
因为下雨，你最好乘出租车。
As
you
are
tired,
you
had
better
rest.
你累了，最好休息一下。
As
we
have
no
money,
we
can't
buy
it.
由于没有钱，我们不能买它。
Lead
in
3、since引导原因状语从句
①
引导原因状语从句，相当于now
that，意思是“因为……，既然……，由于……”。since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”=
now
that
)，较为正式，语气比because弱。
eg：Since
they
live
in
one
house
with
their
parents,
they
should
know
that
everyone
should
do
their
part
in
keeping
it
clean
and
tidy.由于他们与父母一起住在一所房子里，他们应该知道每个人应该尽自己的职责保持房子干净和整洁。
Since
we
are
young,
we
shouldn’t
be
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes.
因为我们还年轻，
所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
Lead
in
Lead
in
②
引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以后；自……以来”；主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。
eg：He
has
studied
very
hard
since
he
came
to
our
school.
自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
lived
here.
自从他住在这里以后,我就没有他的消息了。
It
is
three
years
since
he
smoked.
他不吸烟已有3年了。
It
is/has
been
5
years
since
we
last
met.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。
It
is/has
been
a
long
time
since
Mary
was
ill.
玛丽病好很长时间了。
Lead
in
4、for引导原因从句
for可以引导原因状语从句，却并不是从属连词，而仍理解为并列连词，for引导的是并列句，表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
eg：He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
他不可能看见我，因为我不在那里。
He
seldom
goes
out
now,
for
he
is
very
old.
他现在很少出去，因为他年纪很大了。
Lead
in
四、目的状语从句
连词
含义
in
order
that
为了
so
that
以便
in
order
that意为“为了……”，引导目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的。常用于正式文体中。
so
that意为“以便；为的是”，用于引导目的的状语从句，that引导的从句常与may,can,could等情态动词连用。
Lead
in
eg：I
get
up
early
in
order
that
I
can
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。
He
works
hard
in
order
that
he
can
obtain
a
higher
position.
为了升职，他很努力地工作。
I
work
hard
every
day
so
that
I
can
catch
up
with
Tom.
我每天努力学习，以便能赶上汤姆。
I
took
a
bus
so
that
I
could
get
to
school
on
time.
我乘了一辆公共汽车，以便可以按时到校
Lead
in
★
so
that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别
so
that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句可以与may，can，could等情态动词连用。而引导结果状语从句时则没有。
eg：He
always
works
hard
so
that
he
may
make
great
progress.
他总是努力地工作，这样他才会取得很大的进步。(目的状语从句)
He
always
worked
hard,
so
that
he
made
great
progress.
他总是努力地工作，结果他取得了很大的进步。(结果状语从句)
Lead
in
★
目的状语从句可以和介词短语，不定式互换
eg：I
took
a
bus
so
that
I
could
get
to
school
on
time.
=I
took
a
bus
in
order
to
get
to
school
on
time.
为了准时到校，我坐公共汽车。
I
get
up
early
in
order
that
I
can
catch
the
early
bus.
=I
get
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。
We
will
sit
in
the
front
of
the
hall
so
that
we
can
hear
better.
=We
will
sit
in
the
front
of
the
hall
so
as
to
hear
better.
我们将坐在大厅的前面以便听得更清楚。
Lead
in
五、结果状语从句
连词
含义
so
that
以至于
so……that……
such……that……
如此……以至于
Lead
in
1、so……that与such……that引导结果状语从句
?
在so……that结构中，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。引导结果状语从句时。
①
so
+形容词/副词+that从句
eg：He
is
so
excellent
that
every
teacher
likes
him.
他是如此的优秀以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
She
studied
so
hard
that
he
got
good
grades.
她学习如此努力以至于她取得了好成绩。
②
so＋adj.＋a(an)＋单数可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
is
so
clever
a
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
他是一个非常聪明的男孩，他能解出这个问题。
Lead
in
③
so＋adj.(many\few)＋复数可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
had
so
many
friends
that
he
never
felt
lonely.
他有那么多的朋友以至于从未感觉到孤独
④
so＋adj.(little\much)＋不可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
has
so
little
money
that
he
can’t
buy
a
new
car.
他的钱很少买不起一辆小轿车.
Lead
in
?
在such……that结构中，such是形容词，修饰名词。
①
such
+
a/an
+（形容词）+可数名词单数
+
that从句
eg：He
is
such
an
excellent
student
that
every
teacher
likes
him.
他是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem
他是这样一个聪明的孩子，他能解出这个问题
②
such
+（形容词）+可数名词复数
+
that从句
eg：They
are
such
excellent
students
that
every
teacher
like
them.
他们是如此优秀的学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他们。
③
such
+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
eg：It
such
good
weather
that
we
want
to
go
out
to
play.
天气如此好以至于我们想去外面玩。
Lead
in
2、so
that引导结果状语从句
so
that引导结果状语从句时意为“以致，以至于”，从句前有时用逗号与主句分开。
eg：I
got
a
fever,
so
that
I
won’t
go
to
school.
我今天发烧了，结果就没有去上学。
He
worked
hard
at
school,
so
that
he
gained
high
grades
in
the
exam.
他在校努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。
注意：so
that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句可以与may，can，could等情态动词连用。而引导结果状语从句时则没有。
eg：He
always
works
hard
so
that
he
may
make
great
progress.
(目的状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，这样他才会取得很大的进步。
He
always
worked
hard,
so
that
he
made
great
progress.
(结果状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，结果他取得了很大的进步。
Lead
in
六、让步状语从句
连词
含义
连词
含义
although/though
尽管
no
matter+疑问词=疑问词+ever
(who/whom/what/whose/which/
when/where/how)
无论
even
thougheven
if
即使
as
尽管
while
虽然
whether……or
不管
Lead
in
1、although/though引导让步状语从句
连词although/though意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。含although/though不能与but在同一个句子中使用。
eg：Although
you
are
tall,
I
m
not
afraid
of
you.
尽管你个子高，但我不怕你。
You
could
help
him
although
you
didn’t
let
him
copy
your
homework.
尽管你不让他抄你的家庭作业但你可以帮助他。
Although
my
grandpa
is
old,
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
虽然我的爷爷老了，但他看上去很健壮。
Although
it
rained,
the
boys
still
played
outside.
=
It
rained,
but
the
boys
still
played
outside.
尽管天下雨了，但是那些男孩儿仍在外面玩耍。
Lead
in
2、even
though/even
if引导让步状语从句
?
even
if
引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。
eg：For
my
part,
I
plan
to
go
to
the
party
even
if
you
decide
not
to
go.
就我而言，即使你决定不去，我也打算去参加聚会。
Even
if
he
had
the
money,
he
wouldn’t
buy
it.
即使他有钱，也不会买。
?
even
though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。
eg：He
went
out
even
though
it
was
raining.
尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
Even
though
it’s
hard
work,
I
enjoy
it.
虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。
?
不过，在实际语言运用中，even
if与even
though有时也可不加区别地混用。
eg：Even
though/if
she
laughs
at
him,
he
likes
her.
尽管她嘲笑他，他还是很喜欢她。
Even
though/if
it
is
raining,
we
will
go
there.
即使下雨，我们也要去那儿。
Lead
in
3、“疑问词+ever”引导让步状语从句
“no
matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“无论……；不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
eg：No
matter
what
you
do,
you
must
do
it
well.
=Whatever
you
do,
you
must
do
it
well.
无论你做什么，一定要做好。
No
matter
where
you
go,
please
let
me
know.
=Wherever
you
go,
please
let
me
know.你无论去哪儿，请通知我。
No
matter
whom/Whomever
you
like,
it
is
none
of
my
business.
无论你喜欢谁，都不关我的事。
Lead
in
eg：Remember
you
are
a
Chinese
no
matter
where/wherever
you
go.
不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。
No
matter
how/However
much
he
eats,
he
never
gets
fat.
无论他吃多少，他从不发胖
No
matter
whose/Whosever
bag
it
is,
you
should
keep
it.
无论这是谁的包，你都应该保存好。
No
matter
what/Whatever
happened,
he
wouldn’t
mind.
无论发生了什么他都不会介意。
No
matter
which/Whichever
course
you
choose,
you
should
work
hard.
无论你选择哪门课程，你都应该努力。
No
matter
who/Whoever
you
are,
you
must
obey
the
rules.
无论你是谁，你必须遵守规则。
Please
give
me
a
call
first
no
matter
when/whenever
you
come.
无论你什么时候来，请先给我打电话。
Lead
in
七、方式状语从句
连词
含义
as
如同/像
as
if
好像
as
though
就像
the
way
按照
1、as引导方式状语从句
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按……的方式，如同”。
eg：Will
you
do
the
experiment
as
I
am
doing?
请按照我做的方法做这个实验好吗？
Leave
the
children
as
they
are.
让孩子们随便吧。
We
must
do
as
the
teacher
tells
us.
我们必须按照老师的要求去做。
Lead
in
2、as
if/as
though引导方式状语从句
两者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或者具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气；如果从句表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象，则用虚拟语气。
eg：The
old
lady
treats
the
boy
as
if
he
were
her
own
son.
老太太对待这个男孩就像他是自己的亲儿子。
He
speaks
English
as
though
he
were
an
America.
他讲起英语来好像是个美国人。
It
looks
as
if/though
it
were
going
to
rain.
天看起来要下雨。
补充：除as，as
if，as
though以外，the
way也可以引导方式状语从句。
eg：Please
pronounce
the
word
the
way
I
do.
请照我这样读这个单词。
Do
it
the
way
you
were
taught.
按照教你的方式去做。
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
状语从句讲义
一、状语从句概述
状语从句的本质就是把一个句子变成“大的副词”，用来表达单词作状语和介词短语作状语表达不了的内容。用一个句子做状语，这个句子就叫状语从句。要想了解状语从句，那么首先得知道什么是状语。
我们先来学习一下状语是什么？简单的说，状语通常由副词充当或相当于副词的短语和句子充当，除修饰名词之外的词（动词，形容词，副词等）都称为“状语”。
eg：He
did
the
work
carefully.
他认真地做这项工作。（副词作方式状语）
They
want
to
see
her
very
badly.
他们很想见到她。（副词作程度状语）
He
is
playing
football
happily.
他高兴地踢着足球。（副词作状语）
Without
his
help,we
couldn't
work
out
the
problem
in
time.（介词短语作条件状语）
如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能及时解决这个问题。
In
order
to
catch
up
with
my
classmates.I
must
study
harder.（不定式作目的状语）
为了赶上我的同班同学，我必须更努力地习。
He
came
yesterday.
他昨天来了。（副词作时间状语）
We
eat
at
the
restaurant.
我们在餐馆吃饭。（介词短语作地点状语）
I
go
to
work
by
car.
我开车去上班。（介词短语作方式状语）
He
is
running
fast.
他正在快速的奔跑。（副词作程度状语）
I
usually
play
football
in
the
afternoon.
我通常下午踢足球（介词短语作地点状语）
◆
用一个句子做状语，这个句子就叫状语从句。
eg：when
she
came
into
my
room,
I
was
reading
a
book.
(时间状语从句)
当她走进我的房间时，我正在看书。
We
must
camp
where
we
can
get
water.
(地点状语从句)
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
We
couldn't
go
out
because
it
was
too
cold.
(原因状语从句)
因为天气太冷了，我们不能出去。
We
must
do
as
the
teacher
tells
us.
(方式状语从句)
我们必须照老师说的做。
I
turned
off
the
TV
so
that
my
sister
could
study
in
peace.
(目的状语从句)
我把电视关了，这样我妹妹就可以安心学习了
The
child
is
so
young
that
he
can't
go
to
school.
(结果状语从句)
这孩子太小了以至于不能去上学。
If
it
rains
tomorrow,
I
will
take
my
umbrella.
(条件状语从句)
如果明天下雨，我就带上雨伞。
Even
if/though
it
is
raining,
we
will
go
there.
(让步状语从句)
即使下雨，我们也要去那儿。
He
plays
football
as
well
as
his
brother.
(比较状语从句)
他踢足球和他哥哥一样好。
从上面的例子可以看出，状语从句种类繁多，一般可分为9大状语从句：时间/地点/原因/方式状语从句（帮助记忆：when/where/why/how）；目的/结果状语从句；条件/让步状语从句；比较状语从句。初中阶段主要掌握：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。
时间状语从句
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的表示时间的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。）
一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when,
before,
after,
as
soon
as或until等引导。在使用时，从句一般不用一般将来时态。若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来，即“主将从现”。
eg：I
will
go
to
the
cinema
as
soon
as
I
finish
my
homework.
我一完成作业就去电影院。
When
I
grow
up,
I
will
join
the
army.
当我毕业了，我就要去参军。
连词
含义
连词
含义
when
当……时候
as
soon
as
once
the
moment
the
minute
一……就
while
在……期间
as
随着，一边
whenever
每当、每次
the
last
time
最后
by
the
time
到……时候
the
first
time
首次
since
自从
next
time
下次
until/till
直到
any
time
随时
before
之前
each
time
每次
after
之后
every
time
每当
1、when、while与as引导的时间状语从句
这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当……时候”的意思。
when的适用范围最广，其后可接瞬间动词和延续性动词，既可指时间点，又可指时间段，when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的，也可以是延续性的。
when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。
while强调“在……期间”，仅指一段时间，只能接延续性动词，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生。while还可作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比关系。
as表示“随着”的时候，延续性动词、瞬间动词都可接，但表示“一边”时只接延续性动词。
eg：He
fell
asleep
when/while/as
he
was
reading.
他看书时睡着了。
Lisa
was
singing
while
her
mother
was
playing
the
piano.
莉萨在唱歌，她妈妈在弹钢琴。
When
I
go
to
Tom's
party,
I'll
call
you.
我去参加汤姆的聚会时会给你打电话的。
When
the
teacher
came
in,
the
children
were
talking.
老帅进来时，孩子们止在说话。
Tom
is
strong
while
his
younger
brother
is
weak.
汤姆很强壮，而他弟弟很瘦弱。
We
always
sing
as
we
walk.
我们总是一边走路一边唱歌。
As
it
grew
darker,
it
became
colder.
随着天色越晚，天气越冷。
2、as
soon
as，the
moment与the
minute引导的时间状语从句
as
soon
as
意为“一……就”，引导时间状语从句，其后省略了引导词that，相当于the
moment
或
the
minute；as
soon
as=the
moment=the
minute=the
second=
the
instant=
immediately=
directly=instantly。(在含有as
soon
as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。)
eg：The
minute
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV,
my
mom
came
over.
我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
Please
call
me
up
the
minute
you
get
there.请你一到那儿就给我打电话。
He
got
married
as
soon
as
he
graduated.
他一毕业就结婚了。
My
mom
came
over
as
soon
as
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV.
我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
As
soon
as
I
finish
my
homework,
I
will
go
and
play
with
you.
我一做完作业就去和你玩。
The
moment
I
arrived
my
home
it
rained
yesterday.
我一到家，昨天就下雨了。
3、since引导的时间状语从句
since是一个用法极活跃的词，现就其用法归纳如下：
?
用作介词，意思是“从……以来，自从……”，常与完成时连用。since+时间点/since+一段时间+ago
eg：I
have
stayed
in
that
country
since
1995.
从1995年以来我就在那个国家了。
They
have
lived
in
that
house
since
two
years
ago.
两年前他们就住在那座房子里了。
?
用作副词，意思是“从那时以后(一直到现在)”，“其后(到现在之间)”；ever
since从那以后一直(更加强调since的用法)。
eg：Things
have
not
changed
very
much
since.
从那时起，情况并没有太大的改变。
He
got
a
job
with
the
firm
in
1970
and
has
worked
there
ever
since.
他从1970年开始在那家公司任职，之后就一直在那里工作。
?
用作连词
①
引导原因状语从句，相当于now
that，意思是“因为……，既然……，由于……”。
eg：Since
they
live
in
one
house
with
their
parents,
they
should
know
that
everyone
should
do
their
part
in
keeping
it
clean
and
tidy.
由于他们与父母一起住在一所房子里，他们应该知道每个人应该尽自己的职责保持房子干净和整洁。
Since
we
are
young,
we
shouldn’t
be
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes.
因为我们还年轻，
所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
②
引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以后；自……以来”；主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。
eg：He
has
studied
very
hard
since
he
came
to
our
school.
自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
lived
here.
自从他住在这里以后,我就没有他的消息了。
It
is
three
years
since
he
smoked.
他不吸烟已有3年了。
It
is/has
been
5
years
since
we
last
met.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。
It
is/has
been
a
long
time
since
Mary
was
ill.
玛丽病好很长时间了。
4、after与before引导的时间状语从句
before表示“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。
after表示“在……这后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
eg：It
will
be
four
days
before
they
come
back.
他们要过四天才能回来。
Before
they
reached
the
station,
the
train
had
gone.
他们到达车站前火车就开走了。
Mother
always
prepares
supper
before
I
come
back
from
school.
妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。
After
we
had
finished
the
work,
we
went
home.
完成工作之后，我们回家了。
I
will
go
out
to
play
basketball
with
you
after
I
finish
my
homework.
我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
I’ll
leave
after
he
comes
back.
他回来之后我就离开了。
5、until/till引导时间状语从句
连词until/till意为“直到……为止；到……时”，引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。not……until……意为“直到……才……”。
eg：We
didn't
go
home
until
the
rain
stopped.
直到雨停了，我们才回家。
The
boy
didn't
go
to
bed
until
his
mother
came
back.
那个男孩直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。
not……until……
表示“直到……才……”，句子中的谓语动词常用瞬间性动词，表示直到until后面的动作才刚刚开始。
until
表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，句子中的谓语动词常用延续性动词。表示直到until后面的动作就已经结束了。
eg：You
can't
leave
the
office
until
I
arrive.
直到我来你才能能离开办公室。(动作开始)
They
didn't
talk
until
the
next
day.
直到第二天，他们才交谈。(动作开始)
He
lived
with
his
parents
until
23.
他跟父母住在一起，一直到23岁。(动作结束)
by
the
time引导的时间状语从句
by
the
time意为“到……时候（为止）”常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。
eg：By
the
time
he
was
12,
he
had
travelled
to
more
than
30
countries.
到12岁为止，他已经去过30多个国家了。
By
the
time
I
got
outside,
the
bus
had
already
left.
我到外面时,公交车已经开走了。
8、名词短语引导的时间状语从句
the
last
time
最后
any
time
随时
the
first
time
首次
each
time
每次
next
time
下次
every
time
每当
eg：The
first
time
I
saw
him,
he
was
reading
a
book.
我第一次看见他的时候，他正在读书。
The
last
time
I
saw
him,
he
was
in
New
York.
我最后一次见到他是在纽约。
Next
time
you
come
here,
bring
your
son.
下次你来的时候，带着你的儿子。
Any
time
you
come
to
London,
please
look
me
up.
任何时候你来伦敦，请一定来看我。
Every
time/Each
time
I
was
in
trouble,
he
would
help
me
out.
每当我处于困境，他就会帮我解决。
二、条件状语从句
连词
含义
备注
if
如果
unless=if……not……
as/so
long
as
只要
unless
除非
if引导的条件状语从句
if意为“如果；假如；倘若”，引导条件状语从句，既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若if条件句放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。
eg：If
you
go
there,I'll
go,too.
如果你去那儿，我也会去。
My
mother
will
take
me
to
the
park
if
she
is
free.
我妈妈如果有空，就会带我去公园。
?
时态运用
if引导的条件状语从句要遵循“主将从现”的规则。即if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时（will），从句用一般现在时。
①
主句是一般将来时。
eg：If
he
comes,
he
will
bring
his
violin.
他如果来，就会带来他的小提琴。
②
主句谓语可以含有情态动词may/might/can/
must/should
等。
eg：If
the
traffic
lights
are
red,
you
must
stop
and
wait.
如果红绿灯亮了，你必须停下来等待。
If
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
must
eat
less
meat.
你如果想减肥，必须少吃肉。
③
主句谓语中也可以用had
better(not)do……提建议
eg：If
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
had
better
take
some
exercise.
如果你想减肥，你最好做些运动。
④
主句也可以是祈使句。
eg：If
you
are
not
strong
enough,
please
don't
take
part
in
such
an
activity.
你如果不够强壮，请不要参加这种活动。
⑤
if的反义词：if……not……=unless，意思为“如果不，除非”，可以互换。
eg：I
won’t
go
there
unless
I
hear
from
you.
除非你给我回信，我就不去那里了。
=I
won’t
go
there
if
I
don't
hear
from
you.
如果你没有给我回信，我就不去那里了。
?
句型转换
①
有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，当主句和从句的主语均为you时，可转换为“祈使句，and+简单句”或“祈使句，or(否则)+简单句”
eg：If
you
study
hard,
you’ll
pass
the
exam
easily.
如果你努力学习，你很容易通过考试。
=
Study
hard,
and
you’ll
pass
the
exam
easily.
努力学习，你将很容易通过考试。
If
you
don't
hurry
up,
you
will
be
late
again.
如果你不快点，你又会迟到的。
=Hurry
up,or
you
will
be
late
again.
快点，不然你又要迟到了。
②
借助介词with
或without来转换。
eg：If
you
help
me,
I’ll
finish
my
job
soon.
如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。
With
your
help,
I’ll
finish
my
job
soon.
有你的帮助，我很快就能完成我的工作。
If
there
is
no
water,
fish
will
die.
如果没有水，鱼将会死。
Fish
will
die
without
water.
鱼没有水就会死。
?
注意事项
★
在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能够使用be
going
to结构，而要用will。
eg：I’ll
help
you
with
your
English
if
I
am
free
tomorrow.
如果明天我有空，我会帮你学英语。
★
在if引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some，而要用any。
eg：If
you
have
any
questions
to
ask,
please
come
to
my
office.
如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。
?
if引导的条件状语从句和if引导的宾语从句的区分
◆
if在句中的含义不同：If在宾语从句中翻译为“是否”；If在条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”。
eg：I
want
to
know
if
he
is
a
teacher.
我想知道他是不是老师。(“是否”)
I’ll
go
to
see
you
if
I
am
free
next
week.
如果我下周有空，我就去看你。(“如果”)
◆
if在从句中的位置不同：If引导的宾语从句放在主句之后；而if引导的状语从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。If引导的条件状语从句放于句首时多用逗号隔开；而if引导的宾语从句则不能。
eg：I
don’t
know
if
the
train
has
arrived.
我不知道火车是否到了。
I
will
go
out
tomorrow
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
如果明天不下雨，我就出去。
=
If
it
doesn’t
rain,
I
will
go
out
tomorrow.
2、unless引导的条件状语从句
unless连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if……not……。当主句用一般将来时或祈使句时，unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。
eg：Unless
we
talk
to
someone,
well
certainly
feel
worse.
我们如果不与人聊聊，肯定会感觉更糟。
Unless
something
unexpected
happens,
see
you
tomorrow.
如果不出意外，我明天将去看你。
You'll
be
late
unless
you
hurry
up.
如果你不快点儿，你将会迟到。
I
won’t
go
there
unless
I
hear
from
you.
除非你给我回信，我就不去那里了。
=I
won’t
go
there
if
I
don't
hear
from
you.
如果你没有给我回信，我就不去那里了。
3、as/so
long
as引导的条件状语从句
意为“只要……就”，引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词can时，as
long
as所引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来。
eg：As
long
as
the
weather
is
fine
tomorrow,
we’ll
go
hiking.
只要明天天气好，我们就去徒步旅行。
You
may
take
this
book
away
so
long
as
you
return
it
on
time.
只要你按时归还，你可以把书带走。
★
注意：若表示同级比较，则as
long
as表示“和……一样长”。
eg：This
pencil
is
as
long
as
that
one.
这支铅笔和那支一样长。
My
hair
is
as
long
as
yours.
我的头发与你的头发一样长。
三、原因状语从句
连词
含义
备注
because
因为
since即可引导时间状语从句，又可以引导原因状语从句
as
由于
since
既然
for并列连词
因为
1、because引导原因状语从句
because连词，意为“因为”，表示直接、明确的原因或理由，引导原因状语从句。既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若放在句首，从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。
eg：I
didn't
buy
the
shirt
because
it
was
too
expensive.
我没有买这件衬衫，因为它太贵了。
We
couldn't
go
out
because
it
was
too
cold.
因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
Because
he
could
not
free
his
arm,
he
stayed
there
for
five
days
and
hoped
that
someone
would
find
him.
因为他无法挣脱胳膊，他在那里呆了五天，希望有人能找到他。
I
had
trouble
thinking
clearly
after
that
because
I
was
very
afraid.
我难以清楚地想起那之后的事，因为我很害怕。
注意：★
与汉语不同的是，英语中的because不能与so连用。
eg：Because
it
rained
all
day,
so
we
didn't
go
for
an
outing
last
Saturday.
(×)
因为下了一整天的雨，迈克上周六没有去郊游。
Because
it
rained
all
day,
we
didn't
go
for
an
outing
last
Saturday.（√）
★
because
of也表示原因，但是他与because不同，他是介词短语，后面不接从句，只能接名词或名词短语、代词或动名词
eg：And
because
of
the
bad
weather,
we
couldn't
see
anything
below.
而且由于糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。
He
lost
his
job
because
of
his
age.
由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
There
were
many
times
when
Aron
almost
lost
his
life
because
of
accidents.
有很多次阿龙因为意外险些丧命。
2、as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，含有对比说明的意味，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
eg：As
it
is
raining,
you’d
better
take
a
taxi.
因为下雨，你最好乘出租车。
As
you
are
tired,
you
had
better
rest.
你累了，最好休息一下。
As
we
have
no
money,
we
can't
buy
it.
由于没有钱，我们不能买它。
3、since引导原因状语从句
①
引导原因状语从句，相当于now
that，意思是“因为……，既然……，由于……”。since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”=
now
that
)，较为正式，语气比because弱。
eg：Since
they
live
in
one
house
with
their
parents,
they
should
know
that
everyone
should
do
their
part
in
keeping
it
clean
and
tidy.
由于他们与父母一起住在一所房子里，他们应该知道每个人应该尽自己的职责保持房子干净和整洁。
Since
we
are
young,
we
shouldn’t
be
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes.
因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
②
引导时间状语从句，意思是“自……以后；自……以来”；主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。
eg：He
has
studied
very
hard
since
he
came
to
our
school.
自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
lived
here.
自从他住在这里以后,我就没有他的消息了。
It
is
three
years
since
he
smoked.
他不吸烟已有3年了。
It
is/has
been
5
years
since
we
last
met.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。
It
is/has
been
a
long
time
since
Mary
was
ill.
玛丽病好很长时间了。
4、for引导原因从句
for可以引导原因状语从句，却并不是从属连词，而仍理解为并列连词，for引导的是并列句，表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
eg：He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
他不可能看见我，因为我不在那里。
He
seldom
goes
out
now,
for
he
is
very
old.
他现在很少出去，因为他年纪很大了。
四、目的状语从句
连词
含义
in
order
that
为了
so
that
以便
in
order
that意为“为了……”，引导目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的。常用于正式文体中。
so
that意为“以便；为的是”，用于引导目的的状语从句，that引导的从句常与may,can,could等情态动词连用。
eg：I
get
up
early
in
order
that
I
can
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。
He
works
hard
in
order
that
he
can
obtain
a
higher
position.
为了升职，他很努力地工作。
I
work
hard
every
day
so
that
I
can
catch
up
with
Tom.
我每天努力学习，以便能赶上汤姆。
I
took
a
bus
so
that
I
could
get
to
school
on
time.
我乘了一辆公共汽车，以便可以按时到校
★
so
that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别
so
that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句可以与may，can，could等情态动词连用。而引导结果状语从句时则没有。
eg：He
always
works
hard
so
that
he
may
make
great
progress.
(目的状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，这样他才会取得很大的进步。
He
always
worked
hard,
so
that
he
made
great
progress.
(结果状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，结果他取得了很大的进步。
★
目的状语从句可以和介词短语，不定式互换
eg：I
took
a
bus
so
that
I
could
get
to
school
on
time.
=I
took
a
bus
in
order
to
get
to
school
on
time.
为了准时到校，我坐公共汽车。
I
get
up
early
in
order
that
I
can
catch
the
early
bus.
=I
get
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。
We
will
sit
in
the
front
of
the
hall
so
that
we
can
hear
better.
=We
will
sit
in
the
front
of
the
hall
so
as
to
hear
better.
我们将坐在大厅的前面以便听得更清楚。
五、结果状语从句
连词
含义
so
that
以至于
so……that……
such……that……
如此……以至于
1、so……that与such……that引导结果状语从句
?
在so……that结构中，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。引导结果状语从句时。
①
so
+形容词/副词+that从句
eg：He
is
so
excellent
that
every
teacher
likes
him.
他是如此的优秀以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
She
studied
so
hard
that
he
got
good
grades.
她学习如此努力以至于她取得了好成绩。
②
so＋adj.＋a(an)＋单数可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
is
so
clever
a
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem.
他是一个非常聪明的男孩，他能解出这个问题。
③
so＋adj.(many\few)＋复数可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
had
so
many
friends
that
he
never
felt
lonely.
他有那么多的朋友以至于从未感觉到孤独
④
so＋adj.(little\much)＋不可数名词＋that从句
eg：He
has
so
little
money
that
he
can’t
buy
a
new
car.
他的钱很少买不起一辆小轿车.
?
在such……that结构中，such是形容词，修饰名词。
①
such
+
a/an
+（形容词）+可数名词单数
+
that从句
eg：He
is
such
an
excellent
student
that
every
teacher
likes
him.
他是如此优秀的一个学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
he
can
work
out
the
problem
他是这样一个聪明的孩子，他能解出这个问题
②
such
+（形容词）+可数名词复数
+
that从句
eg：They
are
such
excellent
students
that
every
teacher
like
them.
他们是如此优秀的学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他们。
③
such
+（形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
eg：It
such
good
weather
that
we
want
to
go
out
to
play.
天气如此好以至于我们想去外面玩。
2、so
that引导结果状语从句
so
that引导结果状语从句时意为“以致，以至于”，从句前有时用逗号与主句分开。
eg：I
got
a
fever,
so
that
I
won’t
go
to
school.
我今天发烧了，结果就没有去上学。
He
worked
hard
at
school,
so
that
he
gained
high
grades
in
the
exam.
他在校努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。
注意：so
that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句可以与may，can，could等情态动词连用。而引导结果状语从句时则没有。
eg：He
always
works
hard
so
that
he
may
make
great
progress.
(目的状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，这样他才会取得很大的进步。
He
always
worked
hard,
so
that
he
made
great
progress.
(结果状语从句)
他总是努力地工作，结果他取得了很大的进步。
六、让步状语从句
连词
含义
连词
含义
although/though
尽管
no
matter+疑问词=疑问词+ever
(who/whom/what/whose/which/
when/where/how)
无论
even
though
even
if
即使
as
尽管
while
虽然
whether……or
不管
1、although/though引导让步状语从句
连词although/though意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。含although/though不能与but在同一个句子中使用。
eg：Although
you
are
tall,
I
m
not
afraid
of
you.
尽管你个子高，但我不怕你。
You
could
help
him
although
you
didn’t
let
him
copy
your
homework.
尽管你不让他抄你的家庭作业但你可以帮助他。
Although
my
grandpa
is
old,
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
虽然我的爷爷老了，但他看上去很健壮。
Although
it
rained,
the
boys
still
played
outside.
=
It
rained,
but
the
boys
still
played
outside.
尽管天下雨了，但是那些男孩儿仍在外面玩耍。
2、even
though/even
if引导让步状语从句
?
even
if
引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。
eg：For
my
part,
I
plan
to
go
to
the
party
even
if
you
decide
not
to
go.
就我而言，即使你决定不去，我也打算去参加聚会。
Even
if
he
had
the
money,
he
wouldn’t
buy
it.
即使他有钱，也不会买。
?
even
though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。
eg：He
went
out
even
though
it
was
raining.
尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
Even
though
it’s
hard
work,
I
enjoy
it.
虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。
?
不过，在实际语言运用中，even
if与even
though有时也可不加区别地混用。
eg：Even
though/if
she
laughs
at
him,
he
likes
her.
尽管她嘲笑他，他还是很喜欢她。
Even
though/if
it
is
raining,
we
will
go
there.
即使下雨，我们也要去那儿。
3、“疑问词+ever”引导让步状语从句
“no
matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“无论……；不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
eg：No
matter
what
you
do,
you
must
do
it
well.
=Whatever
you
do,
you
must
do
it
well.
无论你做什么，一定要做好。
No
matter
where
you
go,
please
let
me
know.
=Wherever
you
go,
please
let
me
know.你无论去哪儿，请通知我。
No
matter
whom/Whomever
you
like,
it
is
none
of
my
business.
无论你喜欢谁，都不关我的事。
Remember
you
are
a
Chinese
no
matter
where/wherever
you
go.
不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。
No
matter
how/However
much
he
eats,
he
never
gets
fat.
无论他吃多少，他从不发胖
No
matter
whose/Whosever
bag
it
is,
you
should
keep
it.
无论这是谁的包，你都应该保存好。
No
matter
what/Whatever
happened,
he
wouldn’t
mind.
无论发生了什么他都不会介意。
No
matter
which/Whichever
course
you
choose,
you
should
work
hard.
无论你选择哪门课程，你都应该努力。
No
matter
who/Whoever
you
are,
you
must
obey
the
rules.
无论你是谁，你必须遵守规则。
Please
give
me
a
call
first
no
matter
when/whenever
you
come.
无论你什么时候来，请先给我打电话。
七、方式状语从句
连词
含义
as
如同/像
as
if
好像
as
though
就像
the
way
按照
1、as引导方式状语从句
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按……的方式，如同”。
eg：Will
you
do
the
experiment
as
I
am
doing?
请按照我做的方法做这个实验好吗？
Leave
the
children
as
they
are.
让孩子们随便吧。
We
must
do
as
the
teacher
tells
us.
我们必须按照老师的要求去做。
2、as
if/as
though引导方式状语从句
两者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或者具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气；如果从句表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象，则用虚拟语气。
eg：The
old
lady
treats
the
boy
as
if
he
were
her
own
son.
老太太对待这个男孩就像他是自己的亲儿子。
He
speaks
English
as
though
he
were
an
America.
他讲起英语来好像是个美国人。
It
looks
as
if/though
it
were
going
to
rain.
天看起来要下雨。
补充：除as，as
if，as
though以外，the
way也可以引导方式状语从句。
eg：Please
pronounce
the
word
the
way
I
do.
请照我这样读这个单词。
Do
it
the
way
you
were
taught.
按照教你的方式去做。
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