高考复习：主谓一致课件
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【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
一、意义(语法)一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(1) Physics _____(be) not easy to understand.
(2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday ________(have) not been decided yet.
(3) Either of the stories ____(be) very funny.
(4) Nothing _______(be) impossible.
(5) Ten pounds ____(be) missing from the box.
【结论1】 ①不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news,
is
has
is
is
was
maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。
②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(6)This pair of glasses_____(be) very expensive.
(7)Two series of new stamps _____(have) been ordered.
【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
is
have
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(8)The number of the students in our school ________(be) quite large and a number of teachers______(work) hard.
(9)The population of China ____(be) large and most of the population ______(be) farmers.
is
work
is
are
【结论3】a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(10)Mr. Green together with his children __________(go) to the park every Sunday.
【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, but, besides, as well as, rather than, including, 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)
goes
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(11)The disabled _______(be) well taken care of in this country.
(12)The beautiful_____(be) the ideal of life.
(13)The rest of the workers _____(be) still very tired.
(14)His family ______(be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.
【结论5】 ① “the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
are
is
are
are
②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
③主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(15)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
War and peace ________(be) a constant theme in history.
(16)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk _____(be) of good quality.
【结论6】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
is
are
【特别提醒】
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel钢铁
law and order治安
bread and butter 黄油面包
a watch and chain一块带链的表
a knife and fork刀叉
a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
aim and end目的
truth and honesty真诚
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(17)What surprised me most _____(be) his attitude towards his study.
【结论7】 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
was
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(18)Such ____(be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
(19) Such_____(be) my hopes.
【结论8】 such 作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
is
are
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every day quantities of water _________(be) wasted.
(21) Large amounts of money_____(be) spent on the project.
【结论9】 quantities of ＋名词作主语large amounts of +名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
are
were
二、形式一致原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every boy and every girl _____(be) having sports now.
(21)One and a half hours ______(be) not enough to me.
(22)More than one boy _____(be) invited to the ball yesterday.
(23)Many a student in our class _______(wear) glasses.
is
is
was
wears
【结论】
①every / each / no ＋名词＋and every / each / no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
② “one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
one and a half + ns 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
one and a half + 表时间，金钱，距离等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
③ “more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
more +ns than one 作主语时，谓语动词用复数
④ “many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
三、就近原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(24)Either I or they _____ (be) responsible for the result of the matter.
(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude _____ (have) caused me any distress.
are
has
【结论1】谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…，not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(26) In the distance _____ (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
【结论2】在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
was
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(27)Here___ (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
(28)There____ (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
(29)There_____(be) twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
【结论3】当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
is
is
are
【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
一、意义(语法)一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(1) Physics _____(be) not easy to understand.
(2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday ________(have) not been decided yet.
(3) Either of the stories ____(be) very funny.
(4) Nothing _______(be) impossible.
(5) Ten pounds ____(be) missing from the box.
【结论1】 ①不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news,
is
has
is
is
was
maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。
②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(6)This pair of glasses_____(be) very expensive.
(7)Two series of new stamps _____(have) been ordered.
【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
is
have
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(8)The number of the students in our school ________(be) quite large and a number of teachers______(work) hard.
(9)The population of China ____(be) large and most of the population ______(be) farmers.
is
work
is
are
【结论3】a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(10)Mr. Green together with his children __________(go) to the park every Sunday.
【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, but, besides, as well as, rather than, including, 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)
goes
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(11)The disabled _______(be) well taken care of in this country.
(12)The beautiful_____(be) the ideal of life.
(13)The rest of the workers _____(be) still very tired.
(14)His family ______(be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.
【结论5】 ① “the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
are
is
are
are
②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
③主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(15)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
War and peace ________(be) a constant theme in history.
(16)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk _____(be) of good quality.
【结论6】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
is
are
【特别提醒】
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel钢铁
law and order治安
bread and butter 黄油面包
a watch and chain一块带链的表
a knife and fork刀叉
a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
aim and end目的
truth and honesty真诚
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(17)What surprised me most _____(be) his attitude towards his study.
【结论7】 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
was
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(18)Such ____(be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
(19) Such_____(be) my hopes.
【结论8】 such 作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
is
are
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every day quantities of water _________(be) wasted.
(21) Large amounts of money_____(be) spent on the project.
【结论9】 quantities of ＋名词作主语large amounts of +名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
are
were
二、形式一致原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every boy and every girl _____(be) having sports now.
(21)One and a half hours ______(be) not enough to me.
(22)More than one boy _____(be) invited to the ball yesterday.
(23)Many a student in our class _______(wear) glasses.
is
is
was
wears
【结论】
①every / each / no ＋名词＋and every / each / no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
② “one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
one and a half + ns 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
one and a half + 表时间，金钱，距离等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
③ “more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
more +ns than one 作主语时，谓语动词用复数
④ “many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
三、就近原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(24)Either I or they _____ (be) responsible for the result of the matter.
(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude _____ (have) caused me any distress.
are
has
【结论1】谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…，not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(26) In the distance _____ (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
【结论2】在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
was
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(27)Here___ (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
(28)There____ (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
(29)There_____(be) twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
【结论3】当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
is
is
are