人教版九年级中考英语二轮复习语法专题—宾语从句、直接引语变间接引语讲解(word版+PPT版)(共38张PPT)

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名称 人教版九年级中考英语二轮复习语法专题—宾语从句、直接引语变间接引语讲解(word版+PPT版)(共38张PPT)
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更新时间 2021-05-16 19:49:07

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(共34张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
名词性从句
Lead
in
一、名词性从句
名词性从句,不难理解,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,名词性从句相当于一个“大个单词”的名词,名词在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它不同的语法功能(位置关系),又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
从属连词+句子=从句
名词性从句
宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
形容词性从句
定语从句
副词性从句
状语从句
Lead
in
eg:用一个句子做主语,这个句子就叫主语从句。
That
he
didn’t
come
is
a
pity.
真遗憾他没有来(动词前面)
用一个句子做宾语,这个句子就叫宾语从句。
I
wonder
who
she
is.
我想知道她是谁。(动词或介词后)
用一个句子做表语,这个句子就叫表语从句。
My
idea
is
that
we
will
go
to
Shanghai
for
a
visit.
(系动词后)
我的想法是我们去上海参观。
用一个句子做同位语,这个句子就叫同位语从句。
The
fact
that
I
love
you
is
true.
我爱你的这个事实是真的。
(名词后,同等地位)
Lead
in
从句与主句的区分:

主句和从句都有且只有-个谓语动词.

主句在前时,从句往往以连词开始延续到句子结尾。从句在前时,从句往往以连词开始(句首)延续到主句谓语动词结束。
Lead
in
二、名词性从句的连接词(从属连词)
从属连词
类别
从句中词性
常见含义
备注
that
连接词
(单纯连接,降为下一级)


宾语从句中可省略
whether

是否
宾语从句中可替换if
who/whom
连接代词(疑问代词)
名词

whoever/whomever/whatever/whosever/whichever引导名词性从句表泛指、强调
what
名词/形容词
什么
whose
形容词
谁的
which
名词/形容词
哪个
when
连接副词(疑问副词)
副词
何时
how可作程度副词,修饰形容词或副词
where
副词
何地
why
副词
为何
how
副词
如何
Lead
in
三、主语从句
顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上,从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式。
eg:That
I
saw
was
beyond
description.
我所看到的简直无法形容。
That
his
hair
was
turning
white
worried
him
a
bit.
他的头发变白了,这使他有点担心。
Why
it
is
that
is
still
unknown.
为什么会这样还不得而知。
That
he
didn’t
come
is
a
pity.
真遗憾他没有来。
Whether
he
will
win
is
not
known.
他是否会赢还不知道。
How
this
happened
is
not
clear.
这是怎么发生的还不清楚。
When
we
arrive
doesn't
matter.
什么时候到没有关系。
What
made
her
angry
was
not
clear.
是什么使他哭的还不清楚。
Lead
in
注意:以下引导主语从句的what不表示“什么”,而表示“…所……的”
eg:What
we
need
is
money.
我们需要的是钱。
What
I
want
to
know
is
this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
Lead
in
主语从句与形式主语it的比较
为了防止句子头重脚轻,常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末。It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
Lead
in
?
对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句
eg:That
he
didn't
come
is
a
pity.
很遗憾他没来。
→It's
a
pity
that
he
didn't
come.
(避免头重脚轻)
?
对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句
eg:Whether
they
will
come
is
a
problem.
他们是否会来还是一个问题。
→It
is
a
problem
whether
they
will
come.
他们是否会来还是一个问题。
Lead
in
?
对类似以下这样的以what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首
eg:What
he
said
was
true.
他讲的都是事实。
What
we
need
is
more
time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
Lead
in
四、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动司+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain(留下、保持、依然),seem等。(参见系动词章节)
eg:My
idea
is
that
we
will
go
to
Shanghai
for
a
visit.
我的想法是我们去上海参观。
The
question
is
whether
we
can
win
them.
问题是我们能否赢得他们。
That
is
what
he
is
worried
about.
这就是他所担心的。
The
problem
is
who
we
can
get
to
replace
her.
问题是我们能找谁来代替她。
The
question
is
how
he
did
it.
问题是他是怎么做到的。
That
is
where
he
was
born.
那是他出生的地方。
Lead
in
五、同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语(同等地位)的名词性从句。同位语从句对名词进行解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。这些名词一般包括:news消息;thought想法;idea注意;fact事实;doubt疑问;fact事实;promise承诺;question“问题”等。
Lead
in
eg:Their
friend,
Danny
Lin,
was
waiting
at
the
airport.
(同位语)
他们的朋友林丹妮在机场等着。
Mr.Smith,
our
new
teacher,
is
very
kind
to
us.
(同位语)
史密斯先生,我们的新老师,对我们很好。
He
told
me
that
his
brother
John
was
a
world-famous
doctor.
(同位语)
他告诉我他哥哥约翰是一位世界著名的医生。
The
news
that
they
had
won
the
basketball
game
soon
spread
the
whole
school.(同位语从句)他们赢得篮球赛的消息很快传遍了全校。(消息是什么?是赢得篮球赛)
The
fact
that
ships
can
go
there
surprises
many
people.
(同位语从句)
船能去那里的事实使许多人感到惊讶。(事实是什么?是船能去那里)
The
thought
that
they
could
cross
the
whole
continent
was
exciting.
(同位语从句)
他们能穿越整个大陆的想法令人兴奋。(想法是什么?他们能穿越整个大陆)
Lead
in
六、宾语从句(考试重点)
1、宾语从句概述
要想了解宾语从句,那首先要知道什么是宾语。简单的说,宾语就是动作的承受者或者动作的对象,宾语一般放在动词、介词后。
eg:Jim
like
him.
吉姆喜欢他。(这里的him就是宾语)
The
boy
is
playing
basketball.
(这里的basketball就是宾语)
那个男孩正在打篮球。
look
at
me.
看看我。(这里的me就是宾语)
listen
to
me.
听我说。(这里的me也是宾语)
Lead
in
因此我们看出宾语一般放在动词、介词后。如果这个宾语用句子来替代了,这个句子就叫宾语从句。所以宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
eg:I
think
every
home
will
have
a
robot.
我认为每家都将会有一个机器人。
I
think
the
boy
will
buy
a
few
new
books
about
English.
我认为这个男孩儿将会买一些英语方面的新书。
Tell
your
son
that
watching
TV
too
much
is
bad
for
his
eyes.(直接宾语被句子替代)
告诉你儿子,看太多电视对他的眼睛不好。
It
all
depends
on
whether
it
will
be
fine
tomorrow.
(作介词on的宾语)
所有一切都取决于明天的天气是否晴朗。
Lead
in
2、宾语从句的分类
?
陈述句中的宾语从句
陈述句一般都用that引导,从属连词that无实际意义,不在从句中充当任何成分。此时宾语从句的成分齐全,句意明确。在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
eg:He
is
a
shy
girl.
I
think.
→I
think
(that)
he
is
a
shy
girl.
我认为他是个害羞的女孩。
Robots
will
do
most
our
work.
Many
people
believe.
→Many
people
believe
(that)
robots
will
do
most
our
work.
许多人相信机器人会做我们的大部分工作。
Lead
in
补充:否定转移
在英语中,I
think/suppose/believe/guess/expect/consider等表示“认为”的词后的宾语从句如果是否定句,要把否定转移到主句的谓语动词上,从句谓语用肯定式,的这种现象称为“否定转移”。
eg:There
won't
be
time
to
do
it.
I
think.
→I
don’t
think
(that)
there
will
be
time
to
do
it.
我认为没有时间做这件事了。
He
can’t
swim.
I
think.
→I
don't
think
(that)
he
can
swim.
我认为他不会游泳。
you
can’t
go
there
by
bus.
I
think.
→I
don't
think
(that)
you
can
go
there
by
bus.
我认为你不能乘公共汽车去那里。
否定前移要同时满足两个原则:主句一般现在时;主语是第一人称(I,we)
Lead
in
?
一般疑问句中的宾语从句
一般疑问句一般都用whether/if引导,常放在ask,care,wonder,find
out等词后引导从句。whether/if在从句中不作成分,但含有“是否”之义,在句中不可省略,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
eg:Lily
wanted
to
know.
Does
her
grandma
like
the
dog?
→Lily
want
to
know
whether/if
her
grandma
liked
the
dog.
莉莉想知道她奶奶是否喜欢那条狗。
She
asked
me.
Can
the
boy
draw
a
horse?
→She
asked
me
whether/if
the
boy
could
draw
a
horse?
她问我那男孩是否会画一匹马。
Lead
in

只用whether不用if的情况:

引导介词后的宾语从句时。
eg:It
depends
on
whether
it
will
snow
tomorrow.
这取决于明天是否会下雪。
I’m
interested
in
whether
he
likes
English.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

与or
not连用时。
eg:I
asked
your
secretary
whether
she
could
come
or
not.
我问你的秘书她是否能来。
Let
me
know
whether
he
has
passed
the
exam
or
not.
让我知道他是否已经通过了考试。
Lead
in

与不定式连用时。
eg:I
really
don’t
know
whether
to
accept
or
refuse.
我真的不知道是接受还是拒绝。
Next
Monday
the
teacher
will
tell
us
whether
to
have
a
test.
下周老师会告诉我们是否考试。

宾语从句前置,置于句首时。
eg:Whether
they
can
come
here
on
time,
we
don’t
know.
他们能否按时到这里,我们不知道。
Whether
they
will
join
in
the
camp,
I
don’t
care.
我不在乎他
们是否会来参加野营。
Lead
in
?
特殊疑问句中的宾语从句
特殊疑问句一般都用连接代词/副词引导,由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等等引导,引导词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导,引导词在宾语从句中作状语,不可以省略。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
注意:语序不变的有:What’
the
matter
with
you?/What’s
wrong
with
you?
但是What’s
the
trouble
with
you?的语序要变。
Lead
in
eg:who
will
come
this
afternoon?
Do
you
know?
→Do
you
know
who
will
come
this
afternoon?
你知道今天下午谁要来吗?
(主语)
what
is
it?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
what
it
is.
我不知道是什么。(表语)
whom
should
you
depend
on?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
whom
you
should
depend
on.
我不知道你该依靠谁。(宾语)
which
gate
do
we
have
to
go
to?
Could
you
tell
me?
→Could
you
tell
me
which
gate
we
have
to
go
to?
(定语)
能告诉我我们得走哪个门吗?
when
did
the
traffic
accident
have
taken
place?
He
didn’t
tell
me.
→He
didn’t
tell
me
when
the
traffic
accident
had
taken
place.
(时间状语)
他没有告诉我那起交通事故发生的时间。
where
did
you
buy
it?
Could
you
tell
me?
→Could
you
tell
me
where
you
bought
it?
(地点状语)
你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?
What’s
wrong
with
you?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
what’s
wrong
with
you?
(语序不变)
我不知道你怎么了?
Lead
in
3、宾语从句的人称的变化
人称的变化规则:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
?
一随主:引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
says,
“I
like
math
very
much.”
他说:“我非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
?
二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
said
to
Lily,
“you
must
get
up
early.”
他对莉莉说:“你必须早起。”
→He
told
Lily
that
she
must
get
up
early.
他告诉莉莉她必须早起。
?
第三人称不更新:引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变
eg:She
said
to
me,
“They
want
to
help
him.”
她对我说:“他们想帮助他。”
→She
told
me
that
they
wanted
help
him.
她告诉我他们想帮助他。
Lead
in
4、宾语从句的时态
?
主句中谓语动词是一般现在或者祈使句时,从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制,可根据具体情况判断时态。
eg:Do
you
know
how
Amy
came
to
school
morning?
你知道今早艾米是怎么来上学的吗?
I
don’t
know
when
he
will
come
back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
Please
tell
me
whom
you
went
to
the
garden
with
this
morning.
请告诉我今天早上你和谁去了花园。
?
主句中谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须要用过去的某种时态,以保持时态的前后呼应。
eg:The
policewoman
asked
the
little
boy
where
he
lived.
这个女警询问小男孩住在哪里。
He
said
(that)
he
was
going
to
take
care
of
the
baby.
他说他会去照看那个宝宝。
I
didn't
think
that
you
were
right.我认为你是不对的。
Jim
told
me
that
he
was
getting
ready
for
the
Spring
Festival.
吉姆告诉我他正在为春节做准备。
Lead
in
?
注意宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。
eg:The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
Everyone
knew
that
there
are
sixty
minutes
in
an
hour.
每个人都知道一小时有60钟。
口诀:宾语从句的时态
主现从不变:主句现在时,从句时态不变化。
主过从必过:主句过去时,从句时态向过去变化。(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时)
真理永不变:从句表示客观真理,从句时态用一般现在时。
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in
5、宾语从句中的反意疑问句

陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句,反意疑问句一般同主句保持一致。
eg:She
said
that
he
didn’t
like
it,
didn't
she?
她说他不喜欢它,不是吗?
He
knows
where
I
live.
doesn't
he?
他知道我住在哪里。不是吗?
He
never
said
she
would
come,
did
he?
他从没说过她会来,是吗?
Lead
in

若反意疑问句的陈述部分为“否定前移”(I/we
think(believe,suppose,consider等)+that从句)时,反意疑问句一般同宾语从句保持一致。
eg:I
think
that
he
has
done
his
best,
hasn't
he?
我认为他已经尽力了,不是吗?
We
think
that
English
is
very
useful,
isn't
it?
我们认为英语很有用,不是吗?
I
don't
think
that
you
can
do
it,
can
you?
我认为你做不到,是吗?
We
don't
believe
that
the
news
is
true,
is
it?
我们不相信这消息是真的,是吗?
Lead
in
注意:反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think
(believe,suppose,consider等)+that从句时,反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语应该和主句的谓语动词和主语保持一致。
eg:They
all
think
that
English
is
very
useful,
don't
they?
他们都认为英语很有用,不是吗?
He
didn't
think
that
the
news
is
true,
did
he?
他不认为这消息是真的,是吗?
Lead
in
6、宾语从句的简化
?
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
eg:I
hope
that
I
can
receive
your
letter.
我希望能收到你的信。
→I
hope
to
receive
your
letter.
我希望能收到你的信。
She
agreed
that
she
could
help
me
with
my
math.
她同意帮我学数学。
→She
agreed
to
help
me
with
my
math.
她同意帮助我学数学。
Lead
in
?
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
eg:She
doesn't
know
what
she
could
do
next.
她不知道下一步能做什么。
→She
doesn't
know
what
to
do
next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
He
doesn't
remember
how
he
can
sing
this
song.
他不记得他怎么能唱这首歌。
→He
doesn't
remember
how
to
sing
this
song.
他不记得这首歌如何唱了。
Lead
in
?
当主句的谓语动词是find,
see,
watch,
hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语为不带to的不定式或者动词-ing形式。
eg:She
found
the
wallet
was
lying
on
the
ground.
她发现钱包在地上。
→She
found
the
wallet
lying
on
the
ground.
(宾语+宾语补足)
她发现钱包在地上。
I
saw
some
children
were
playing
in
the
park.
我看到一些孩子们在公园玩耍。
→I
saw
some
children
playing
in
the
park.
(宾语+宾语补足)
我看到一些孩子们在公园玩耍。
Lead
in
?
宾语从句也可以简化为名词或名词短语。
eg:I
don't
believe
what
the
girl
said.我不相信那个女孩所说的话。
→I
don't
believe
the
girl's
words.
(名词短语)
我不相信那个女孩所说的话。
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
名词性从句讲义
一、名词性从句
名词性从句,不难理解,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,名词性从句相当于一个“大个单词”的名词,名词在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它不同的语法功能(位置关系),又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
从句关系图:
从属连词+句子=从句
名词性从句
宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
形容词性从句
定语从句
副词性从句
状语从句
eg:用一个句子做主语,这个句子就叫主语从句。
That
he
didn’t
come
is
a
pity.
真遗憾他没有来(动词前面)
用一个句子做宾语,这个句子就叫宾语从句。
I
wonder
who
she
is.
我想知道她是谁。(动词或介词后)
用一个句子做表语,这个句子就叫表语从句。
My
idea
is
that
we
will
go
to
Shanghai
for
a
visit.
(系动词后)
我的想法是我们去上海参观。
用一个句子做同位语,这个句子就叫同位语从句。
The
fact
that
I
love
you
is
true.
我爱你的这个事实是真的。(名词后,同等地位)
从句与主句的区分:

主句和从句都有且只有-个谓语动词.

主句在前时,从句往往以连词开始延续到句子结尾。从句在前时,从句往往以连词开始(句首)延续到主句谓语动词结束。
名词性从句的连接词(从属连词)
从属连词
类别
从句中词性
常见含义
备注
that
连接词
(单纯连接,降为下一级)


宾语从句中可省略
whether

是否
宾语从句中可替换if
who/whom
连接代词
(疑问代词)
名词

whoever/whomever/whatever/whosever/whichever
引导名词性从句表泛指、强调
what
名词/形容词
什么
whose
形容词
谁的
which
名词/形容词
哪个
when
连接副词
(疑问副词)
副词
何时
how可作程度副词,修饰形容词或副词
where
副词
何地
why
副词
为何
how
副词
如何
三、主语从句
顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上,从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式。
eg:That
I
saw
was
beyond
description.
我所看到的简直无法形容。
That
his
hair
was
turning
white
worried
him
a
bit.
他的头发变白了,这使他有点担心。
Why
it
is
that
is
still
unknown.
为什么会这样还不得而知。
That
he
didn’t
come
is
a
pity.
真遗憾他没有来。
Whether
he
will
win
is
not
known.
他是否会赢还不知道。
How
this
happened
is
not
clear.
这是怎么发生的还不清楚。
When
we
arrive
doesn't
matter.
什么时候到没有关系。
What
made
her
angry
was
not
clear.
是什么使他哭的还不清楚。
注意:以下引导主语从句的what不表示“什么”,而表示“…所……的”
eg:What
we
need
is
money.
我们需要的是钱。
What
I
want
to
know
is
this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
1、主语从句与形式主语it的比较
为了防止句子头重脚轻,常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末。It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
?
对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句
eg:That
he
didn't
come
is
a
pity.
很遗憾他没来。
→It's
a
pity
that
he
didn't
come.
(避免头重脚轻)
?
对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句
eg:Whether
they
will
come
is
a
problem.
他们是否会来还是一个问题。
→It
is
a
problem
whether
they
will
come.
他们是否会来还是一个问题。
?
对类似以下这样的以what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首
eg:What
he
said
was
true.
他讲的都是事实。
What
we
need
is
more
time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
2、用it作形式主语的结构还有很多
?
It
is
+名词+从句
eg:It
is
a
fact
that……
事实是……
It
is
an
honor
that……
……非常荣幸
It
is
common
knowledge
that……
……是常识
?
It
is+形容词+从句
eg:It
is
natural
that……
很自然……
It
is
strange
that……
奇怪的是……
?
It
+不及物动词+从句
eg:It
seems
that……
似乎……
It
happened
that……
碰巧……
It
appears
that……
似乎……
?
It
is+过去分词+从句
eg:It
is
reported
that……
据报道……
It
is
proved
that……
已证实……
It
is
said
that……
据说……
四、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动司+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain(留下、保持、依然),seem等。(参见系动词章节)
eg:My
idea
is
that
we
will
go
to
Shanghai
for
a
visit.
我的想法是我们去上海参观。
The
question
is
whether
we
can
win
them.
问题是我们能否赢得他们。
That
is
what
he
is
worried
about.
这就是他所担心的。
The
problem
is
who
we
can
get
to
replace
her.
问题是我们能找谁来代替她。
The
question
is
how
he
did
it.
问题是他是怎么做到的。
That
is
where
he
was
born.
那是他出生的地方。
(以后学定语从句时候主要就靠这个来区分:名后同位从,所表是内容,各后定从,不表内容),
五、同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语(同等地位)的名词性从句。同位语从句对名词进行解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。这些名词一般包括:news消息;thought想法;idea注意;fact事实;doubt疑问;fact事实;promise承诺;question“问题”等。
eg:Their
friend,
Danny
Lin,
was
waiting
at
the
airport.
(同位语)
他们的朋友林丹妮在机场等着。
Mr.Smith,
our
new
teacher,
is
very
kind
to
us.
(同位语)
史密斯先生,我们的新老师,对我们很好。
He
told
me
that
his
brother
John
was
a
world-famous
doctor.
(同位语)
他告诉我他哥哥约翰是一位世界著名的医生。
The
news
that
they
had
won
the
basketball
game
soon
spread
the
whole
school.(同位语从句)
他们赢得篮球赛的消息很快传遍了全校。(消息是什么?是赢得篮球赛)
The
fact
that
ships
can
go
there
surprises
many
people.
(同位语从句)
船能去那里的事实使许多人感到惊讶。(事实是什么?是船能去那里)
The
thought
that
they
could
cross
the
whole
continent
was
exciting.
(同位语从句)
他们能穿越整个大陆的想法令人兴奋。(想法是什么?他们能穿越整个大陆)
六、宾语从句(考试重点)
1、宾语从句概述
要想了解宾语从句,那首先要知道什么是宾语。简单的说,宾语就是动作的承受者或者动作的对象,宾语一般放在动词、介词后。
eg:Jim
like
him.
吉姆喜欢他。(这里的him就是宾语)
The
boy
is
playing
basketball.
那个男孩正在打篮球。(这里的basketball就是宾语)
look
at
me.
看看我。(这里的me就是宾语)
listen
to
me.
听我说。(这里的me也是宾语)
因此我们看出宾语一般放在动词、介词后。如果这个宾语用句子来替代了,这个句子就叫宾语从句。所以宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
eg:I
think
every
home
will
have
a
robot.
我认为每家都将会有一个机器人。
I
think
the
boy
will
buy
a
few
new
books
about
English.
我认为这个男孩儿将会买一些英语方面的新书。
Tell
your
son
that
watching
TV
too
much
is
bad
for
his
eyes.(直接宾语被句子替代)
告诉你儿子,看太多电视对他的眼睛不好。
It
all
depends
on
whether
it
will
be
fine
tomorrow.
(作介词on的宾语)
所有一切都取决于明天的天气是否晴朗。
2、宾语从句的分类
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型。
?
陈述句中的宾语从句
陈述句一般都用that引导,从属连词that无实际意义,不在从句中充当任何成分。此时宾语从句的成分齐全,句意明确。在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
eg:He
is
a
shy
girl.
I
think.
→I
think
(that)
he
is
a
shy
girl.
我认为他是个害羞的女孩。
Robots
will
do
most
our
work.
Many
people
believe.
→Many
people
believe
(that)
robots
will
do
most
our
work.
许多人相信机器人会做我们的大部分工作。
补充:否定转移
在英语中,I
think/suppose/believe/guess/expect/consider等表示“认为”的词后的宾语从句如果是否定句,要把否定转移到主句的谓语动词上,从句谓语用肯定式,的这种现象称为“否定转移”。
eg:There
won't
be
time
to
do
it.
I
think.
→I
don’t
think
(that)
there
will
be
time
to
do
it.
我认为没有时间做这件事了。
He
can’t
swim.
I
think.
→I
don't
think
(that)
he
can
swim.
我认为他不会游泳。
you
can’t
go
there
by
bus.
I
think.
→I
don't
think
(that)
you
can
go
there
by
bus.
我认为你不能乘公共汽车去那里。
否定前移要同时满足两个原则:主句一般现在时;主语是第一人称(I,we)
?
一般疑问句中的宾语从句
一般疑问句一般都用whether/if引导,常放在ask,care,wonder,find
out等词后引导从句。whether/if在从句中不作成分,但含有“是否”之义,在句中不可省略,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
eg:Lily
wanted
to
know.
Does
her
grandma
like
the
dog?
→Lily
want
to
know
whether/if
her
grandma
liked
the
dog.
莉莉想知道她奶奶是否喜欢那条狗。
She
asked
me.
Can
the
boy
draw
a
horse?
→She
asked
me
whether/if
the
boy
could
draw
a
horse?
她问我那男孩是否会画一匹马。

只用whether不用if的情况:

引导介词后的宾语从句时。
eg:It
depends
on
whether
it
will
snow
tomorrow.
这取决于明天是否会下雪。
I’m
interested
in
whether
he
likes
English.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

与or
not连用时。
eg:I
asked
your
secretary
whether
she
could
come
or
not.
我问你的秘书她是否能来。
Let
me
know
whether
he
has
passed
the
exam
or
not.
让我知道他是否已经通过了考试。

与不定式连用时。
eg:I
really
don’t
know
whether
to
accept
or
refuse.
我真的不知道是接受还是拒绝。
Next
Monday
the
teacher
will
tell
us
whether
to
have
a
test.
下周老师会告诉我们是否考试。

宾语从句前置,置于句首时。
eg:Whether
they
can
come
here
on
time,
we
don’t
know.
他们能否按时到这里,我们不知道。
Whether
they
will
join
in
the
camp,
I
don’t
care.
我不在乎他们是否会来参加野营。
?
特殊疑问句中的宾语从句
特殊疑问句一般都用连接代词/副词引导,由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等等引导,引导词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导,引导词在宾语从句中作状语,不可以省略。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。
注意:语序不变的有:What’
the
matter
with
you?/What’s
wrong
with
you?
但是What’s
the
trouble
with
you?的语序要变。
eg:who
will
come
this
afternoon?
Do
you
know?
→Do
you
know
who
will
come
this
afternoon?
你知道今天下午谁要来吗?
(主语)
what
is
it?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
what
it
is.
我不知道是什么。(表语)
whom
should
you
depend
on?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
whom
you
should
depend
on.
我不知道你该依靠谁。(宾语)
which
gate
do
we
have
to
go
to?
Could
you
tell
me?
→Could
you
tell
me
which
gate
we
have
to
go
to?
能告诉我我们得走哪个门吗?(定语)
when
did
the
traffic
accident
have
taken
place?
He
didn’t
tell
me.
→He
didn’t
tell
me
when
the
traffic
accident
had
taken
place.
(时间状语)
他没有告诉我那起交通事故发生的时间。
where
did
you
buy
it?
Could
you
tell
me?
→Could
you
tell
me
where
you
bought
it?
(地点状语)
你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?
What’s
wrong
with
you?
I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
what’s
wrong
with
you?
(语序不变)
我不知道你怎么了?
3、宾语从句的人称的变化
人称的变化规则:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
?
一随主:引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
says,
“I
like
math
very
much.”
他说:“我非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
?
二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
said
to
Lily,
“you
must
get
up
early.”
他对莉莉说:“你必须早起。”
→He
told
Lily
that
she
must
get
up
early.
他告诉莉莉她必须早起。
?
第三人称不更新:引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变
eg:She
said
to
me,
“They
want
to
help
him.”
她对我说:“他们想帮助他。”
→She
told
me
that
they
wanted
help
him.
她告诉我他们想帮助他。
4、宾语从句的时态
?
主句中谓语动词是一般现在或者祈使句时,从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制,可根据具体情况判断时态。
eg:Do
you
know
how
Amy
came
to
school
morning?
你知道今早艾米是怎么来上学的吗?
I
don’t
know
when
he
will
come
back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
Please
tell
me
whom
you
went
to
the
garden
with
this
morning.
请告诉我今天早上你和谁去了花园。
?
主句中谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须要用过去的某种时态,以保持时态的前后呼应。
eg:The
policewoman
asked
the
little
boy
where
he
lived.
这个女警询问小男孩住在哪里。
He
said
(that)
he
was
going
to
take
care
of
the
baby.
他说他会去照看那个宝宝。
I
didn't
think
that
you
were
right.我认为你是不对的。
Jim
told
me
that
he
was
getting
ready
for
the
Spring
Festival.
吉姆告诉我他正在为春节做准备。
?
注意宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。
eg:The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
Everyone
knew
that
there
are
sixty
minutes
in
an
hour.
每个人都知道一小时有60钟。
口诀:宾语从句的时态
主现从不变:主句现在时,从句时态不变化。
主过从必过:主句过去时,从句时态向过去变化。(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时)
真理永不变:从句表示客观真理,从句时态用一般现在时。
5、宾语从句中的反意疑问句

陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句,反意疑问句一般同主句保持一致。
eg:She
said
that
he
didn’t
like
it,
didn't
she?
她说他不喜欢它,不是吗?
He
knows
where
I
live.
doesn't
he?
他知道我住在哪里。不是吗?
He
never
said
she
would
come,
did
he?
他从没说过她会来,是吗?

若反意疑问句的陈述部分为“否定前移”(I/we
think(believe,suppose,consider等)+that从句)时,反意疑问句一般同宾语从句保持一致。
eg:I
think
that
he
has
done
his
best,
hasn't
he?
我认为他已经尽力了,不是吗?
We
think
that
English
is
very
useful,
isn't
it?
我们认为英语很有用,不是吗?
I
don't
think
that
you
can
do
it,
can
you?
我认为你做不到,是吗?
We
don't
believe
that
the
news
is
true,
is
it?
我们不相信这消息是真的,是吗?
注意:反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think
(believe,suppose,consider等)+that从句时,反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语应该和主句的谓语动词和主语保持一致。
eg:They
all
think
that
English
is
very
useful,
don't
they?
他们都认为英语很有用,不是吗?
He
didn't
think
that
the
news
`is
true,
did
he?
他不认为这消息是真的,是吗?
6、宾语从句的简化
?
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
eg:I
hope
that
I
can
receive
your
letter.
我希望能收到你的信。
→I
hope
to
receive
your
letter.
我希望能收到你的信。
She
agreed
that
she
could
help
me
with
my
math.
她同意帮我学数学。
→She
agreed
to
help
me
with
my
math.
她同意帮助我学数学。
?
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
eg:She
doesn't
know
what
she
could
do
next.
她不知道下一步能做什么。
→She
doesn't
know
what
to
do
next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
He
doesn't
remember
how
he
can
sing
this
song.
他不记得他怎么能唱这首歌。
→He
doesn't
remember
how
to
sing
this
song.
他不记得这首歌如何唱了。
?
当主句的谓语动词是find,
see,
watch,
hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语为不带to的不定式或者动词-ing形式。
eg:She
found
the
wallet
was
lying
on
the
ground.
她发现钱包在地上。
→She
found
the
wallet
lying
on
the
ground.
她发现钱包在地上。(宾语+宾语补足)
I
saw
some
children
were
playing
in
the
park.
我看到一些孩子们在公园玩耍。
→I
saw
some
children
playing
in
the
park.
我看到一些孩子们在公园玩耍。(宾语+宾语补足)
?
宾语从句也可以简化为名词或名词短语。
eg:I
don't
believe
what
the
girl
said.我不相信那个女孩所说的话。
→I
don't
believe
the
girl's
words.
我不相信那个女孩所说的话。(名词短语)
21世纪教育网
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精品试卷·第
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共18张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
直接引语变间接引语
Lead
in
一、直接引语与间接引语概述
当我们引用别人的话语时,若引用的是原话,把它放在引号内,被引用的部分叫做直接引语。当我们引用别人的话语时,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,被转述的话不放在引号内,这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。间接引语就是宾语从句的体现形式。
eg:She
said,
“I
like
playing
basketball
very
much.”(直接引语)
她说:“我非常喜欢打篮球。”
→She
said
she
liked
playing
basketball
very
much.(间接引语)
她说她非常喜欢打篮球。
Lead
in
二、直接引语变间接引语
直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、时间状语,语序的变化。
1、人称的变化
直接引语转化为间接引语时,间接引语中的人称会发生相应的变化,而且这种变化与汉语的变化是一致的。
人称的变化规则:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
?
一随主:引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
says,
“I
like
math
very
much.”
他说:“我非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
Lead
in
?
二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
said
to
Lily,
“you
must
get
up
early.”
他对莉莉说:“你必须早起。”
→He
told
Lily
that
she
must
get
up
early.
他告诉莉莉她必须早起。
?
第三人称不更新:引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变
eg:She
said
to
me,
“They
want
to
help
him.”
她对我说:“他们想帮助他。”
→She
told
me
that
they
wanted
help
him.
她告诉我他们想帮助他。
Lead
in
2、时态变化
宾语从句时态变化规则:
主现从不变:主句现在时,从句时态不变化。
主过从必过:主句过去时,从句时态向过去变化。(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时)
真理永不变:从句表示客观真理,从句时态用一般现在时。客观真理,只用一般现在时。
Lead
in
?
主句一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
eg:He
says,
“he
likes
math
very
much.”
他说:“他非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
?
主句过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。
即:一般现在时改成一般过去时
现在进行时改成过去进行时
一般将来时改成过去将来时
一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时
Lead
in
eg:He
said,
“he
is
a
student.”
他说:“他是个学生。”
→He
said
that
he
was
a
student.
他说他是个学生。(一般现在时改成一般过去时)
He
said,“he
is
reading.”
他说:“他正在读书。”
→He
said
that
he
was
reading.
他说他正在看书。(现在进行时改成过去进行时)
He
said,
“he
will
go
home.”
他说:“他会回家的。”
→He
said
that
he
would
go
home.
他说他要回家。(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
He
said,
“he
went
home.”
他说:“他回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(一般过去时改成过去完成时)
He
said,
“he
has
gone
home.”
他说:“他已经回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(现在完成时改成过去完成时)
He
said,
“he
had
gone
home.”
他说:“他已经回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(过去完成时改成过去完成时)
Lead
in
?
从句是客观真理时,不管主句是何种时态,从句都只用一般现在时。
eg:Teacher
told
us,
“The
moon
moves
round
the
earth.”
老师告诉我们:“月亮绕着地球转。”
→Teacher
told
us
the
moon
moves
round
the
earth.
老师告诉我们月亮绕地球转。
Lead
in
3、时间状语的变化
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this→that
now→then
here→there
come→go
these→those
today→that
day
bring→take
tonight→that
night
this
week→that
week
yesterday→the
day
before
last
week→the
week
before
three
days
ago→three
days
before
tomorrow→the
next
day/
the
following
day
next
week→the
next
week/
the
following
week
Lead
in
eg:He
said,
“I’m
very
busy
now.”
他说:“我现在很忙。”
→He
said
that
he
was
very
busy
then.
他说他那时很忙。
He
said,
“I
want
to
leave
today.”
他说:“我今天要走。”
→He
said
that
he
wanted
to
leave
that
day.
他说那天他想离开。
He
said,
“She
left
yesterday.”
他说:“她昨天走了。”
→He
said
that
she
had
left
the
day
before.
他说她前一天离开了。
She
said,
“I’ll
tell
you
tomorrow.”
她说:“我明天告诉你。”
→She
said
that
she
would
tell
me
the
next
day.
她说她第二天会告诉我的。
Lead
in
4、语序的变化
?
直接引语是陈述句时,变成间接引语,由连词that引导,句型、语序没有变化,因为本来就是陈述语序。that它不在句子中担任成分,常常被省略。
eg:She
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
be
with
you.”
她说:“我很高兴和你在一起。”
→She
said
(
that)
she
was
very
happy
to
be
with
me.
她说和我在一起她很高兴。
He
said,
“I
will
choose
a
book
for
my
students.”
他说:“我要为我的学生选一本书。”
→He
said
(that)
he
would
choose
a
book
for
his
students.
他说他要给学生选一本书。
Lead
in
?
直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if“是否”引导。语序要改变成陈述语序。
eg:He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
watching
TV?”
→He
asked
me
whether/if
I
liked
watching
TV.
他问我是否喜欢看电视。
He
asked,
”Are
you
sure
your
mother
will
come?”
他问:“你确定你妈妈会来吗?”
→He
asked
me
whether/if
I
was
sure
my
mother
would
come.
他问我是否确定我母亲会来。
I
asked
her,
“Did
you
visit
the
museum
two
days
ago?”
我问她:“两天前你去参观博物馆了吗?”
→I
asked
her
if/whether
she
had
visited
the
museum
two
days
before.
我问她两天前是不是参观过博物馆了。
My
friend
Lily
asked
me,
“Do
you
want
to
go
swimming
today?”
我的朋友莉莉问我:“你今天想去游泳吗?”
→My
friend
Lily
asked
(me)
if/whether
I
wanted
to
go
swimming
that
day.
我的朋友莉莉问我那天是否想去游泳。
Lead
in

大多数情况下,if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换,以下情况只能用whether。记住:当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候,我们要选whether。

从句中有or/or
not
eg:she
asks
whether
he
stayed
or
not.
她问他是否留下来。

与不定式to
do
连用。
eg:I
can’t
decide
whether
to
tell
him
the
news.

在介词后。
eg:they
are
talking
about
whether
they
can
afford
the
new
house
Lead
in
?
直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,
what,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where等引导。语序要改变成陈述语序。(注意此时不能用that)
eg:Mary
asked
me,
“What
is
she
doing
here?”
玛丽问我:“她在这儿做什么呢?”
→Mary
asked
me
what
she
was
doing
there.
玛丽问我她在那儿做什么呢。
Wang
Fang
asked
Lily,
“How
have
you
managed
to
finish
painting
so
soon?”
王芳问莉莉:“你是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的?
→Wang
Fang
asked
Lily
how
she
had
managed
to
finish
painting
so
soon.
My
teacher
asked
me,
“How
long
have
you
spent
in
practicing
these
days?”
我的老师问我:“这些天你用了多长时间练习?”
→My
teacher
asked
me
how
long
I
had
spent
in
practicing
those
days.
我的老师问我那些日子花了多长时间练习。
Lead
in
?
直接引语是祈使句时,使用ask(tell/order/warn)
sb.
to
do
sth.这一结构进行转换,若祈使句为否定式,则用ask(tell/order)
sb.
not
to
do
sth.,其中ask,
tell,
order,
warn等动词的选择需视句子的语气而定。
eg:“Come
here,
Mary,”
he
said.
他说:“玛丽,请过来。”
→He
told
asked
Mary
to
go
there.
他叫玛丽去那儿。
“Don’t
do
it
again,
Jack,”
he
said.
他说:“杰克,不要再做这事了。”
→He
told
Jack
not
to
do
it
again.
他叫杰克不要再做那事了。
注意:若祈使句中没有呼语,应根据句意给动词ask,
tell,
order等补上适当的宾语。
“Watch
carefully,”
he
said.
他说:“仔细看着。”
→He
told
us
to
watch
carefully.
他叫我们仔细看着。
Lead
in
?
直接引语是感叹句时,变成间接引语时,人称代词不用变,时态跟随主句变,感叹号变句号;也可以将感叹词去掉,变成“that从句”。
eg:Amy
said,
“what
a
beautiful
teacher
she
is!”
艾米说:“她是一个多么漂亮的老师啊!”
→Amy
said
what
a
beautiful
teacher
she
was.
艾米说她是个多么漂亮的老师。
→Amy
said
that
she
was
a
beautiful
teacher.
艾米说她是个漂亮的老师。
“How
successful
Lang
Lang
is!”
I
said.
“郎朗多成功啊!”我说。
→I
said
How
successful
Lang
Lang
was.
我说了郎朗好成功。
→I
said
that
Lang
Lang
was
successful.
我说郎朗很成功。
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人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
直接引语变间接引语讲义
一、直接引语与间接引语概述
当我们引用别人的话语时,若引用的是原话,把它放在引号内,被引用的部分叫做直接引语。当我们引用别人的话语时,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,被转述的话不放在引号内,这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。间接引语就是宾语从句的体现形式。
eg:She
said,
“I
like
playing
basketball
very
much.”(直接引语)
她说:“我非常喜欢打篮球。”
→She
said
she
liked
playing
basketball
very
much.(间接引语)
她说她非常喜欢打篮球。
二、直接引语变间接引语
直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、时间状语,语序的变化。
1、人称的变化
直接引语转化为间接引语时,间接引语中的人称会发生相应的变化,而且这种变化与汉语的变化是一致的。
人称的变化规则:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
?
一随主:引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
says,
“I
like
math
very
much.”
他说:“我非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
?
二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。
eg:He
said
to
Lily,
“you
must
get
up
early.”
他对莉莉说:“你必须早起。”
→He
told
Lily
that
she
must
get
up
early.
他告诉莉莉她必须早起。
?
第三人称不更新:引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变
eg:She
said
to
me,
“They
want
to
help
him.”
她对我说:“他们想帮助他。”
→She
told
me
that
they
wanted
help
him.
她告诉我他们想帮助他。
2、时态变化
宾语从句时态变化规则:
主现从不变:主句现在时,从句时态不变化。
主过从必过:主句过去时,从句时态向过去变化。(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时)
真理永不变:从句表示客观真理,从句时态用一般现在时。客观真理,只用一般现在时。
?
主句一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
eg:He
says,
“he
likes
math
very
much.”
他说:“他非常喜欢数学。”
→He
says
that
he
likes
math
very
much.
他说他非常喜欢数学。
?
主句过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。即:一般现在时改成一般过去时;现在进行时改成过去进行时;一般将来时改成过去将来时;一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。
eg:He
said,
“he
is
a
student.”
他说:“他是个学生。”
→He
said
that
he
was
a
student.
他说他是个学生。(一般现在时改成一般过去时)
He
said,“he
is
reading.”
他说:“他正在读书。”
→He
said
that
he
was
reading.
他说他正在看书。(现在进行时改成过去进行时)
He
said,
“he
will
go
home.”
他说:“他会回家的。”
→He
said
that
he
would
go
home.
他说他要回家。(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
He
said,
“he
went
home.”
他说:“他回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(一般过去时改成过去完成时)
He
said,
“he
has
gone
home.”
他说:“他已经回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(现在完成时改成过去完成时)
He
said,
“he
had
gone
home.”
他说:“他已经回家了。”
→He
said
that
he
had
gone
home.
他说他已经回家了。(过去完成时改成过去完成时)
?
从句是客观真理时,不管主句是何种时态,从句都只用一般现在时。
eg:Teacher
told
us,
“The
moon
moves
round
the
earth.”
老师告诉我们:“月亮绕着地球转。”
→Teacher
told
us
the
moon
moves
round
the
earth.
老师告诉我们月亮绕地球转。
3、时间状语的变化
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this→that
now→then
here→there
come→go
these→those
today→that
day
bring→take
tonight→that
night
this
week→that
week
yesterday→the
day
before
last
week→the
week
before
three
days
ago→three
days
before
tomorrow→the
next
day/
the
following
day
next
week→the
next
week/
the
following
week
eg:He
said,
“I’m
very
busy
now.”
他说:“我现在很忙。”
→He
said
that
he
was
very
busy
then.
他说他那时很忙。
He
said,
“I
want
to
leave
today.”
他说:“我今天要走。”
→He
said
that
he
wanted
to
leave
that
day.
他说那天他想离开。
He
said,
“She
left
yesterday.”
他说:“她昨天走了。”
→He
said
that
she
had
left
the
day
before.
他说她前一天离开了。
She
said,
“I’ll
tell
you
tomorrow.”
她说:“我明天告诉你。”
→She
said
that
she
would
tell
me
the
next
day.
她说她第二天会告诉我的。
4、语序的变化
?
直接引语是陈述句时,变成间接引语,由连词that引导,句型、语序没有变化,因为本来就是陈述语序。that它不在句子中担任成分,常常被省略。
eg:She
said,
“I
am
very
happy
to
be
with
you.”
她说:“我很高兴和你在一起。”
→She
said
(
that)
she
was
very
happy
to
be
with
me.
她说和我在一起她很高兴。
He
said,
“I
will
choose
a
book
for
my
students.”
他说:“我要为我的学生选一本书。”
→He
said
(that)
he
would
choose
a
book
for
his
students.
他说他要给学生选一本书。
?
直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if“是否”引导。语序要改变成陈述语序。
eg:He
asked
me,
“Do
you
like
watching
TV?”
→He
asked
me
whether/if
I
liked
watching
TV.
他问我是否喜欢看电视。
He
asked,
”Are
you
sure
your
mother
will
come?”
他问:“你确定你妈妈会来吗?”
→He
asked
me
whether/if
I
was
sure
my
mother
would
come.
他问我是否确定我母亲会来。
I
asked
her,
“Did
you
visit
the
museum
two
days
ago?”
我问她:“两天前你去参观博物馆了吗?”
→I
asked
her
if/whether
she
had
visited
the
museum
two
days
before.
我问她两天前是不是参观过博物馆了。
My
friend
Lily
asked
me,
“Do
you
want
to
go
swimming
today?”
我的朋友莉莉问我:“你今天想去游泳吗?”
→My
friend
Lily
asked
(me)
if/whether
I
wanted
to
go
swimming
that
day.
我的朋友莉莉问我那天是否想去游泳。

大多数情况下,if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换,以下情况只能用whether。记住:当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候,我们要选whether。

从句中有or/or
not
eg:she
asks
whether
he
stayed
or
not.
她问他是否留下来。

与不定式to
do
连用。
eg:I
can’t
decide
whether
to
tell
him
the
news.

在介词后。
eg:they
are
talking
about
whether
they
can
afford
the
new
house
?
直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,
what,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where等引导。语序要改变成陈述语序。(注意此时不能用that)
eg:Mary
asked
me,
“What
is
she
doing
here?”
玛丽问我:“她在这儿做什么呢?”
→Mary
asked
me
what
she
was
doing
there.
玛丽问我她在那儿做什么呢。
Wang
Fang
asked
Lily,
“How
have
you
managed
to
finish
painting
so
soon?”
王芳问莉莉:“你是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的?
→Wang
Fang
asked
Lily
how
she
had
managed
to
finish
painting
so
soon.
My
teacher
asked
me,
“How
long
have
you
spent
in
practicing
these
days?”
我的老师问我:“这些天你用了多长时间练习?”
→My
teacher
asked
me
how
long
I
had
spent
in
practicing
those
days.
我的老师问我那些日子花了多长时间练习。
?
直接引语是祈使句时,使用ask(tell/order/warn)
sb.
to
do
sth.这一结构进行转换,若祈使句为否定式,则用ask(tell/order)
sb.
not
to
do
sth.,其中ask,
tell,
order,
warn等动词的选择需视句子的语气而定。
eg:“Come
here,
Mary,”
he
said.
他说:“玛丽,请过来。”
→He
told
asked
Mary
to
go
there.
他叫玛丽去那儿。
“Don’t
do
it
again,
Jack,”
he
said.
他说:“杰克,不要再做这事了。”
→He
told
Jack
not
to
do
it
again.
他叫杰克不要再做那事了。
注意:若祈使句中没有呼语,应根据句意给动词ask,
tell,
order等补上适当的宾语。
“Watch
carefully,”
he
said.
他说:“仔细看着。”
→He
told
us
to
watch
carefully.
他叫我们仔细看着。
?
直接引语是感叹句时,变成间接引语时,人称代词不用变,时态跟随主句变,感叹号变句号;也可以将感叹词去掉,变成“that从句”。
eg:Amy
said,
“what
a
beautiful
teacher
she
is!”
艾米说:“她是一个多么漂亮的老师啊!”
→Amy
said
what
a
beautiful
teacher
she
was.
艾米说她是个多么漂亮的老师。
→Amy
said
that
she
was
a
beautiful
teacher.
艾米说她是个漂亮的老师。
“How
successful
Lang
Lang
is!”
I
said.
“郎朗多成功啊!”我说。
→I
said
How
successful
Lang
Lang
was.
我说了郎朗好成功。
→I
said
that
Lang
Lang
was
successful.
我说郎朗很成功。
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