北师大版（2019）高中英语必修第一册Unit 2 sports and fitness 核心知识点讲解学案word版（含答案）

高一英语北师大2019版
Unit 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS
【NOTES ON THE TEXTS】
Topic Talk
A player from one team begins the game by serving the ball over the net into the other court.
比赛开始，一个队的球员把球发过网，打到对方场地。
serving the ball 发球
Other’s health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.
人的健全，不但靠饮食尤靠运动。
-----蔡元培《运动会的需要》
Lesson 1
Bogues was only 1.6 meters tall，which made him the shortest player in the NBA. 非限制性定语从句
Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him.
try out for sth. 试图赢得；争取
eg：These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔。
Don’t let us down，Paul. It’s your time to shine.
let sb. down 让某人失望
eg：I‘ll work hard. I don’t want to let him down.
“Well,” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!”
earned one’s place 获得一席之地
eg：He earned his place in the company by working hard.
Lesson 2
mouth guards 护齿
Writing Workshop
The Final Sprint 最后的冲刺
bronze medal 铜牌
The two cyclists made amazing sporting gestures—Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban’s troubles…
两位自行车手展现出了高度的体育精神----纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……
take advantage of 利用
make the best use of 充分利用
Eg：You shouldn’t take advantage of his kindness by demanding too much. 你不应该利用他的善良，予取予求。
【GRAMMAR】
定语从句（1）
定语从句的概念及作用：在复合从句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句，一般译为“......的”；
关系代词及其用法：
【Who/whom 的用法】
两者都用于指人。Who 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，但从句中的介词提前时不能用who；whom在定语从句中作宾语。
Eg：A doctor is a person {who looks after people ’ s health.}
She is the girl {whom I met at the party.}
He is the man who/whom I talked to you about.
===He is the man about whom I talked to you.
【which的用法】
Which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语。
Eg：This is an old computer {which works much slower.}
【that的用法】
That 一般指人或者指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者表语。当that在定语从句中作宾语或者表语时，that 可以省略。但是作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that前面。
Eg：This is an old computer {that works much slower.}
It is the most important task { that should be finished soon.}
【that/which 用法辨析】
使用that的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
e.g. I have some books that are very good.
当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.
当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。
China is no longer the country that she was.
如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that 。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
在there be句型中,只用that。
He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
使用which的情况
非限制性定语从句中。
e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
在介词之后。
e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3. 当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
【as/whose的用法】
As引导定语从句时常出现于the same…as, such…as, as…as…, 以及so…as 结构里，在从句中可充当主，宾以及表语，既可指人，指物，也可指整个句子。
Eg：The explore took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.
-302895431800Such people as have made great contribution to the world should be greatly respected.
As 与that的区别。
① such…as 引导定语从句；such…that 引导结果状语从句；
Eg：He is such a good boy as everyone likes.
He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.
②the same…as , 表示两物类似; the same…that 表示两物为同一物；
Eg：I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.
-17335569850I met the same person that I saw yesterday.
As 引导非限制性定语从句时一般指代整个主句或主句的一部分，此时该从句可以位于主句之前，之后或者主句的中间。
Eg：As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
Grammar is not a set of dead rule, as has been said above.
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.
【as引导的非限制性定语从句固定表达有】
as we all know/as everyone knows/as is known to all/ as is well-known(众所周知)
as I can remember(正如我所记得的)/as we expect/ as was expected(正如预料的那样)
as often happens/ as we all can see/as can be seen/ as has been said before(如前所述)
Whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句中的某一词。
Eg：You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.