牛津译林版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2 The Universal Language- Welcome & Reading p. 15-19 核心词汇解读+当堂检测学案（含答案）

2020-2021学年牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册
Unit 2 The Universal language
Word study (Welcome & Reading) p. 15-19核心词汇解读+当堂检测
一、核心词汇解读
核心词汇
词意&拓展
词用&实例
1.
compose
v. 作曲；
组成(不用于进行时)
撰写；
使镇静
→ composer n.
作曲家
→composition n.
组成;构成; 创作;作曲;写作; 作文;乐曲;作品
compose a symphony 创作交响乐
be composed of … = be made up of …= consist of …由…组成
compose a speech写讲稿
compose oneself使自己镇定下来
compose one’s thoughts 镇定思绪
England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.= The island of Great Britain is composed of England, Scotland, and Wales.
英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。
Emma wrinkled her brows, making an effort to compose herself.
埃玛皱起了眉头,努力使自己镇定下来。
2.
deserve
vt. 值得，应得
(不用于进行时)
→deserved a.
理所应当的;应得的
deserving a.
值得…的
deserve to do sth
(主语与非谓语动词是逻辑上的主动关系)
The parents deserve to know the truth.
家长应该知道真相。
deserve doing sth.= deserve to be done
(主语与非谓语动词是逻辑上的被动关系)
He deserves punishing / punishment / to be punished. 他应受处罚。
a well-deserved rest应得的休息
a problem deserving of attention
值得关注的问题
3.
pleasant
a. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的
→(opp:)unpleasant
→pleasantly ad.
愉快地;友好地
I hope you’ll have a pleasant journey.
祝你(们)旅途愉快!
It was pleasant to sit in a sidewalk cafe and watch people pass.
坐在路边咖啡馆看着人来人往真是惬意。
4
whisper
v. 耳语,低语;私下说;
(风等)沙沙作响
n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言
whisper (sth.) to sb. 向某人低声说(某事)　
whisper sth. in one’s ear 交头接耳
whisper about sth. 低声说某事
It’s whispered that –C. 私底下有人说…
The leaves whispered in the breeze. 树叶迎着微风沙沙作响。
in a whisper＝in whispers 低声地
They sat there at the back of the room, talking in whispers. 他们坐在房间的后面低声说话。
It’s whispered that the couple were divorced after a fierce quarrel.
5.
dramatic
a.激动人心的的，引人注意的；
夸张的；
突然的；
戏剧的；戏剧性的
→ dramatically ad.
突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地
a dramatic victory激动人心的胜利
reach out one’s arms in a dramatic gesture
以夸张的姿势伸出双臂
a dramatic increase/fall/ change剧增/暴跌/剧变
the dramatic arts戏剧艺术
It may lead to an economic crisis if house prices fall dramatically. 如果房价突然暴跌，可能会引起经济危机。
6.
weep
wept-wept
v. & n. 哭泣，流泪
weep for joy 喜极而泣
weep oneself to sleep 哭着睡着了
weep happily / sadly / bitterly
高兴地、伤心地、痛苦地哭
weep for the loss of sth. 因失去某物而哭泣
a mother weeping over the death of her child
为孩子之死而哭泣的妇女
have a good weep 大哭一场
7.
overcome (overcame-overcome)
vt. 受到…的极大影响；(常用被动)
克服，解决；战胜
be overcome by/with sorrow不胜悲痛
overcome the enemy/the difficulties/anxiety
战胜敌人、克服困难/焦虑
If you work hard, you will overcome this problem.如果你努力的话，就会克服这个困难。
Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
8.
sorrow
n. [U]悲伤，悲痛；
[C]伤心事
→ sorrowful a.
悲伤的，伤心的
be in deep sorrow处在极大的悲伤中
to one’s (deep/great) sorrow
使某人(非常)悲痛的是
share one’s joys and sorrows 同甘共苦
drown one’s sorrows借酒浇愁
a sorrowful event 悲惨的事件
a sorrowful widow 悲伤的寡妇
9
transform
v. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化(指物体本身自己形状的改变。可指外表，也可指性质、特点、功能的改变。)
→transformation n. 转型;转化;改造
transform sth. into sth. else把…改变成…
be transformed into...　被改变成……
His plans were transformed overnight into reality. 他的计划迅速变为现实。
The Forbidden City has been transformed into the spot for a beautiful and sad love story.
紫禁城变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地。
10
combine
v. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并
→ combination n.
combine A with B 使A与B结合/混合
a combination of A and B = a mix of …
A与B的结合
11
rely on
v. 依赖，依靠；信任
(=depend/count on)
→ reliable a.
可信赖的，可靠的
(=dependable)
a reliable friend
→ reliance n. 依赖
rely on/upon sb./sth.　依靠某人或某物
rely on sb. for sth.　依靠某人提供某物
rely on/upon sb. to do sth.＝rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on/upon it that- 从句　
指望/相信某人做某事
You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 你不能总是依靠网络进行研究。
I can rely on David to keep my secret.
我信任大卫，他一定会为我保密。
12
folk
a. 民间的，民俗的; 普通百姓的
[只用于名词前]
n. (AmE)[非正式用语]民间音乐；
人们；各位；家人(尤指父母)
a folk tale/ story民间故事
folk songs/dance/music/singers/festivals
民歌/民间舞蹈/民间音乐/民俗歌手/民俗节日
He likes listening to Chinese folk.
他喜欢听中国民歌。
Folks differ in their tastes.人各有所好。
Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.对于大多数人来说，他们认定自己有多幸福就有多幸福。(林肯)
Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another.
13
surroundings
n. 周围，环境
=environment
→ surrounding a.
周围的(只用于名词前);
与…紧密相关
→ surround v.
围绕；包围;围困
live in pleasant surroundings
生活在令人愉快的环境中
the surrounding area(s) 周边地区
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
the evidence surrounding the case
与案子有关的证据
be surrounded with/by … 被…包围　
surround sb.=crowd around sb.
围绕在某人身边
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，新环境让我难以忍受。
Armed police surrounded house in the street.
武装警察包围了街上的一栋房子。
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.对有些人来说，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身边。
14
guarantee
vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修
n. 保证，担保；保修单;质量保证书
guarantee (sb.) sth. =guarantee sth. to sb.
guarantee to do sth
guarantee + (that) 从句
under guarantee 在保质期内
He will guarantee us possession of the house by May. 他保证我们在五月可搬入这间房子。
The radio is guaranteed for twelve months.　
这台收音机保修期12个月。
I guarantee that you'll enjoy yourself.
我包你玩得痛快。(= promise)
15
consist of
vi.= be made up of…= be composed of …由…组成(或构成) (不被动，不进行)
The country consists of thousands of small islands. 这个国家有几千个小岛组成的。Life consists of not only sunshine but also storms.生活不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
16
defend
v. 保护，防御；
辩白，辩解
→defensive a.
防御的
→defender n.
保卫者，辩护者
→defence/ defense n.
防御(物);保卫;辩解
defend sb./sth. from/against... 保卫…免受…　
defend oneself 自卫
defend a title/champion 卫冕一项头衔、冠军
defend sb./sth. 为某人/某事辩解
in defense/defence of sb. / sth.
= in one’s defense/defence为某人/某事辩解
When the dog attacked me，I defended myself with a stick.那条狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
What points can be raised in defense of this argument?
可以提出什么论点来为这个论点辩护?
17
flow
(flowed-flowed）
vi. (液体、气体、电等)流动；充满；涨起
【比喻人或事物像水一样】流逝;流畅;流淌
n. 流动；连贯；涨潮
Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.
她的头发垂到肩上。
When he heard the exciting news, tears flowed over his face. 当他听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，泪水从他的脸上流了下来。
a flow of people/cars人流/车流
free flow of information信息的自由交流
二、当堂反馈
(一)单词拼写
1. He w__________________ to her so that no one else could hear what he said.
2. A small gesture can have a d__________________ impact on others less fortunate.
3. At the funeral, everyone was w__________________ with sadness over the young boy’s death.
4. To his great s__________________, his grandfather died in a car accident yesterday.
5. Faced so confusing situation, the young boy hardly c__________________ his thoughts.
6. If you are in trouble, you can always __________________(依靠) on Bob to help you out.
7. He had a __________________ (和蔼的，和善的) manner and was a gifted public speaker.
8. I have to say in her __________________ (辩护) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
9. I think the team from our city played well and __________________ (应得) the victory.
10. The salesman __________________ (保证) that the TV would not break in the first 5 years with normal use.
whispered 2. dramatic 3. weeping 4. sorrow 5. composed 6. rely/depend/count 7. pleasant 8. defence 9. deserved 10. guaranteed
（二）单句语法
1. His latest book, I think, deserves __________________ (read) several times.
2. __________________ (pleasant) things were whispered about Joe Biden’s election victory.
3. Mum whispered __________________ us, “Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
4. Events could have developed in a __________________(dramatic) different way.
5. The couple __________________ (weep) at the bad news that their hero son died in the battle.
6. Eleven people were killed in the highway accident, which was a __________________(sorrow) event.
7. John is very __________________ (rely) --- if he promises to do something he’ll do it.
8. The manager firmly believes __________________(transform) is not only a choice, but also a strategy.
9. __________________ (overcome) by curiosity, the boy looked out of the window.
10. To be successful in living abroad, you must learn to change yourself to fit in your new __________________ (surround).
1. reading/ to be read 2. Unpleasant 3. to 4. dramatically 5. wept 6. sorrowful 7. reliable 8. transformation 9. Overcome 10. surroundings