(共32张PPT)
人教版
九年级
九年级中考英语总复习
现在完成时
Language
points
英文中将时间分为4类,即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时,状态也分4类,即一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态。“4时”与“4态”交叉组合,共计16种时态。初中阶段主要掌握8种时态,即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
一般态
进行态
完成态
完成进行态
现在时
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
将来时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
将来完成进行时
过去将来时
一般过去将来时
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成进行时
Language
points
一、现在完成时概述
◆
表示过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在,常伴有介词短语“for+时间段”或“since
+时间点”,此外还有until
now/up
to
now/so
far等等。
eg:Tom
has
worked
in
this
company
for
three
years.
汤姆在这家公司上班三年了。(过去发生的动作持续到现在)
He
has
been
busy
since
last
week.(过去发生的状态持续到现在)
上个星期以来他一直很忙。
◆
表示过去到现在的时间段内重复的动作,到现在已经完成。
eg:I
have
read
this
novel
three
times
in
the
past
months.在过去的几个月,我已经读这本小说三次了。(过去到现在的时间内重复的动作)
We
have
taken
three
tests
so
far
this
week.
这周到目前为止.我们已经参加三次考试了。(过去到现在的时间内重复的动作)
Language
points
◆
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
eg:I
have
already
finished
my
homework.
我已经完成作业了(过去发生的动作对现在造成影响是作业做完了)
Someone
has
broken
the
window.有人把窗户打破了。(过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响是窗户打破了)
Language
points
二、现在完成时的结构
1、现在完成时的肯定句
句型:主语(第一、二人称单、复数)+have+过去分词+其他.
主语(第三人称单数)+has+过去分词+其他.
主语(第三人称复数)+have+过去分词+其他.
主语
助动词
过去分词
其他成分
I(第一人称单数)
have
V.(动词)+ed
其他
he,
she,
it(第三人称单数)
has
you(第二人称单数/复数)
have
we,
they(第一、三人称复数)
have
Language
points
eg:
I
have
bought
lots
of
books
about
Western
customs.
我买了许多有关西方风俗的书。
He
has
been
to
the
Great
Wall.
他去过长城。
They
have
already
seen
the
film.
他们已经看过这部电影
了。
Language
points
2、现在完成时的否定句
句型:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
主语
助动词
否定词not
过去分词
其他成分
I(第一人称单数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
V.(动词)+ed
其他
he,
she,
it(第三人称单数)
has
has
not(hasn’t)
you(第二人称单数/复数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
we,
they(第一、三人称复数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
eg:The
Simpsons
haven't
been
to
Canada
since
the
day
they
left.
从离开那天起,辛普森一家就再也没去过加拿大。
Eric
hasn't
got
his
plane
tickets
yet.
埃里克还没有买到飞机票。
Language
points
3、现在完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语+have/has.
否定回答:No,
主语+have/has
not.
eg:-Have
you
read
Journey
to
the
West?
你读过《西游记》吗?
-Yes,
I
have.是的,我已经看了。/
No,I
haven't.
不,我还没看过。
-Has
she
lived
here
for
2
years?
她在这里住了两年了吗?
-Yes,
she
has.
是的,他住两年了。/No,
she
hasn't.
不,他没有住两年。
Language
points
4、现在完成时的特殊疑问句
句型:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
eg:
How
long
have
you
been
here?
你到这儿多久了?
How
many
times
have
you
been
to
the
Great
Wall?
你去过长城几次?
-Which
book
have
you
read?
你读过哪本书?
-Snow
White
and
the
Seven
Dwarfs.《白雪公主和七个小矮人》。
Language
points
5、过去分词变化形式。(直
去
双
改
特)
变化规则
例词
一般情况下直接加-ed
work
worked
jump
jumped
look
looked
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d(去e加ed也可以)
like
liked
live
lived
use
used
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed
stop
stopped
plan
planned
shop
shopped
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,要先改“y”为“i”,再加-ed,以元音字母加“y”结尾的动词,直接加-ed
study
studied
carry
carried
play
played
Language
points
常用不规则动词过去式与过去分词(更多参见教科书不规则动词变化表)【特】
现在式
过去式
过去分词
现在式
过去式
过去分词
let让
let
let
lie躺
lay
lain
lose遗失
lost
lost
make
做
made
made
meet遇见
met
met
pay支付
paid
paid
read
读
read
read
rise上升
rose
risen
run跑
ran
run
say说
said
said
beat打,敲
beat
beaten
become成为
became
become
begin开始
began
begun
bite
咬
bit
bitten/bit
blow吹
blew
blown
break打破
broke
broken
bring携带
brought
brought
build建造
built
built
burn燃烧
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
buy买
bought
bought
catch捉
caught
caught
choose选择
chose
chosen
come来
came
come
drink
喝
drank
drunk
Language
points
常用不规则动词过去式与过去分词(更多参见教科书不规则动词变化表)【特】
现在式
过去式
过去分词
现在式
过去式
过去分词
drive驾驶
drove
driven
eat吃
ate
eaten
fall落下
fell
fallen
feed喂
fed
fed
feel觉得
felt
felt
fight打架
fought
fought
find找
found
found
fly飞
flew
flown
forget
忘记
forgot
forgotten
forgive原谅
forgave
forgiven
get获得
got
gotten/got
give给
gave
given
go去
went
gone
grow生长
grew
grown
hang
挂
hung
hung
hear
听
heard
heard
hit击
hit
hit
hold
持
held
held
hurt伤害
hurt
hurt
keep保持
kept
kept
know知道
knew
known
lay放置
laid
laid
lead引导
led
led
learn学习
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
leave离开
left
left
lend借出
lent
lent
see看见
saw
seen
sell
售
sold
sold
send
送
sent
sent
shine照耀
shone/shined
shone/shined
Language
points
常用不规则动词过去式与过去分词(更多参见教科书不规则动词变化表)【特】
现在式
过去式
过去分词
现在式
过去式
过去分词
shoot发射
shot
shot
sing唱歌
sang
sung
sit坐下
sat
sat
sleep睡觉
slept
slept
smell
嗅
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
speak
说
spoke
spoken
spell拼写
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
spend花费
spent
spent
stand站立
stood
stood
steal偷窃
stole
stolen
sweep扫除
swept
swept
swim游泳
swam
swum
swing摇摆
swung
swung
take拿,握
took
taken
teach
教
taught
taught
tear
撕
tore
torn
tell告诉
told
told
think
想
thought
thought
throw
投
threw
thrown
understand理解
understood
understood
wear
穿
wore
worn
win赢
won
won
write
写
wrote
written
Language
points
三、现在完成时标志词
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last
year,in
1980,three
days
ago,just
now,when
I
came
in等。现在完成时标志词有:already“已然”,ever“曾经”,just“刚刚”,so
far“至今”,yet“已经、还”,before“以前”,for+时间段“…之久”,since+加时间点/一个过去式的句子“自从…(到现在)”。
1、already“已经”,常用于肯定句中,动词过去分词前,也可放句末。
eg:
I
have
already
read
this
storybook.
我已经读过这本故事书了。
I’ve
washed
my
clothes
already.
我已经洗了衣服。
Have
you
met
him
already
?
你(真的)已经见过他了?(表示吃惊等感彩时,already也可用于疑问句(口语))
Language
points
2、yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,放在句尾。
eg:-Has
he
found
his
watch
yet?
他已经找到他的手表了吗?
-No,
not
yet.
不,还没有。
The
woman
hasn’t
found
her
dog
yet.
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
3、just意为“刚刚”,放在动词过去分词之前。而just
now“刚刚”,用于句尾,且代表“一般过去时”。
eg:He
has
just
come
back
from
school.
(现在完成时)
他刚从学校回来。
I
finished
my
homework
just
now.
(一般过去时)
我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
Language
points
4、so
far意为“倒现在为止;迄今为止”,
意义和用法相同的还有up
to
now,up
till
now放在句首或句尾。
eg:I
have
travelled
by
train
three
times
so
far.
到现在为止,我已乘火车旅行三次了。
=so
far,
I
have
travelled
by
train
three
times.
5、ever意为“曾经”,放在动词的过去分词之前。
eg:Have
you
ever
been
to
Beijing?
你曾去过北京吗?
I
haven't
ever
spoken
to
her.
我未曾和她说过话。
6、before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,
eg:Have
you
been
to
Shanghai
before
?
你以前去过上海吗?
I
haven’t
eaten
Sichuan
food
before.我以前没吃过四川菜。
Language
points
7、since意为“自从…(到现在)”,后面要加时间点,或一个过去式的句子,用于过去完成时。
eg:
since
1984
自从1984年
since
yesterday
自从昨天
since
10
years
ago
自从10年前
since
I
was
10
自从我10岁的时候
since
three
years
ago
从三年前开始
since
she
was
a
little
girl自从她还是个小女孩
He
has
been
away
since
last
week.
他从上星期起就不在了。
8、for
“……之久”,后面要加上时间段,用于过去完成时。
eg:
for
over
twenty
years
二十多年了
for
about
two
days
大约两天之久
for
half
a
month
半个月之久
for
two
years
两年了
He
has
been
away
for
one
week.
他已经离开一个星期了。
Language
points
口诀记忆:
句尾:since,for,yet
动前:ever,just
动前句尾:already
so
far
前后,before后,
现在完成已看透。
Language
points
四、现在完成时的基本用法
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last
year,in
1980,three
days
ago
just
now,
when
I
came
in等连用。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语,如already,
yet,
sometimes,often,before,lately,once,never,
just,
ever等连用;也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如this
morning,
today,
this
week,
this
year等连用。
Language
points
eg:
I
have
opened
the
window.
我已经把窗户打开了。(窗户是开着的)
The
concert
has
started.
音乐会已经开始
(音乐会现在在进行)
They
have
gone
to
Shanghai.
他们已去上海了(他们不在这里)
She
has
already
come.
她已经来了。
I
haven’t
read
it
yet.
我还没有读过这个
Have
you
ever
seen
each
other
before?
你们见过面吗?
Language
points
2、表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)动作或状态,常和表示一段时间状语,如:today,
these
days,
since…,for…,this
month,
now等连用。
eg:
I
have
studied
English
for
two
years.
我学英语已经两年了。
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
since
1980.
他们自1980年就一直住在北京。
We’ve
known
each
other
since
we
were
children.我们从小就认识。
3、have
been
to
和
have
gone
to
?
have
been
to表示表示“曾经到过某地”,说话时此人不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。如后遇到地点副词(here“这里”,there“那里”,home“家”,abroad
“国外”等),要省略介词“to”。
Language
points
eg:
They
have
been
to
Sweden
many
times.他们去过瑞典许多次了。
He
has
been
to
Beijing.
他曾去过北京。(人已回来,可能在这儿)
I
have
been
to
abroad
many
times.我岀国了好几次。
?
have
gone
to表示某人“已经去某地了”,说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里,反正不在这里。如后遇到地点副词(here“这里”,there“那里”,home“家”,abroad
“国外”等),要省略介词“to”。
eg:Jack
isn't
in.
He
has
gone
to
the
supermarket.
杰克不在,他去超市了。
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
他已经去北京了。(人已走,不在这儿)。
She
has
gone
to
home.她已经回家去了。
Language
points
五、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1、一般过去时与过去的时间的连用,现在完成时不能与过去的时间的连用。
eg:I
have
ever
seen
the
film.
我看过这部电影。(现在完成时)
I
saw
the
film
last
week.
我上周看了这部电影。(一般过去时)
2、现在完成时表示对现在有影响或持续到现在,强调“到现在”,而一般过去时对现在没有影响或没有持续到现在,强调“过去做”。
eg:I
have
bought
a
car.
我已经买了一辆车了。(强调到现在,已经拥有)
I
bought
a
car.
我买了一辆车。(强调过去买了车,是否拥有,不知道)
I
have
been
in
China
for
10
years.Now,
I
teach
English
in
Beijing.
我在中国待了十年,现在我在北京教英文。(状态持续到现在,用现在完成时)
I
was
in
China
for
10
years.Now,
I
teach
Chinese
in
Tokyo.
我在中国待了十年,现在我在东京教中文。(状态没有持续到现在,用一般过去时)
Language
points
六、延续性动词、短暂性动词与现在完成时
英语中,按动词延续的时间长短,可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词,如:learn“学习”,work“工作”,play“玩耍”等。短暂性动词,即动作一开始便结束的动词,如:come“来”,go“去”,begin“幵始”,become“变成”,buy“购买”。延续性动词,就是可以想做多久就做多久的事情,只要你不累。短暂性动词就是一瞬间的事情。
当句子中出现“for+一段时间”,“since+从句”,“since+表示时间点的名词”,how
long等,这些时间状语的时候,不能使用短暂性动词,要使用延续性动词。用于现在完成时。(口诀:看见since,for,how
long;廷续性动词不能忘)
Language
points
eg:His
grandfather
has
died
for
ten
years.
(×)
His
grandfather
has
been
dead
for
ten
years.
(√)
他的祖父已经去世十年了。
My
brother
has
joined
the
army
since
five
years
ago.
(×)
My
brother
has
been
in
the
army
since
five
years
ago.
(√)
我的兄弟自从五年前就在军队服役了。
How
long
has
the
film
begun?
(×)
How
long
has
the
film
been
on?
(√)
电影上映多久了?
Language
points
牢记:常见的短暂性动词对应的延续性动词
短暂性动词
延续性动词
put
on
穿上
wear
穿着
meet
遇见
know
认识
borrow
借来
keep
持有
buy
买
have
拥有
join
加入
be
in
在……里了
catch/get+病
得病
have+病
有病
leave
离开……
be
away
from
离开……了
come
to/go
toreach/arrive
in(at)
来,去,到达
be
in/at
在……
Language
points
短暂性动词
延续性动词
die
死
be
dead
死了的
start/begin
开始
be
on
进行了
finish/end
结束
be
over
结束了
open
打开
be
open
(adj.)
开着的
close
关闭
be
closed
(adj.)
关着的
marry
结婚
be
married
已婚的
go
back
to
/
return
to
返回
be
back
to
回来了
go
out
出去
be
out
在外面了
become
变成
be
是
fall
asleep/get
to
sleep
入睡
be
asleep
睡着的
Language
points
eg:
We
have
had
the
book
for
three
years.(√)
这本书我们买了三年了。
We
have
bought
the
book
three
years
ago.
(×)
He
has
had
a
cold
for
three
days.(√)
他感冒三天了.
He
has
caught
a
cold
three
days
ago.
(×)
I
have
kept
the
book
since
last
week.(√)
自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I
have
borrowed
the
book
last
week.
(×)
I
have
been
a
student
for
over
two
years.(√)
我成为一个学生两年多了.
I
have
become
a
student
two
years
ago.
(×)
Mr
Black
has
been
dead
for
three
years.(√)
Mr
Black死了三年了。
Mr
Black
has
died
three
years
ago.
(×)
Xiao
Ming
has
been
a
soldier
for
half
a
year.(√)
小明参军半年了。
Xiao
Ming
has
joined
the
army
half
a
year
ago.
(×)
Language
points
句型总结(必背句型)
1、句型结构(主语是单三)
肯定句:主语(单三)+has+动词过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语(单三)+hasn’t+动词过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:Has+主语(单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语(单三)+has.
否定回答:No,
主语(单三)+hasn’t.
持殊疑问句:疑问词+has+主语(单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
Language
points
2、句型结构(主语是非单三)
肯定句:主语(非单三)+have+动词过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语(非单三)+haven’t+动词过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:Have+主语(非单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语(非单三)+have.
否定回答:No,
主语(非单三)+haven’t.
持殊疑问句:疑问词+have+主语(非单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版九年级中考英语总复习语法专题
现在完成时讲义
英文中将时间分为4类,即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时,状态也分4类,即一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态。“4时”与“4态”交叉组合,共计16种时态。初中阶段主要掌握8种时态,即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
状态
时间
一般态
进行态
完成态
完成进行态
现在时
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
将来时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
将来完成进行时
过去将来时
一般过去将来时
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成进行时
★
以动词do为例,分别举例说明16种时态的基本结构。
一般态
进行态
完成态
完成进行态
现在时
I
do.
I
am
doing.
I
have
done.
I
have
been
doing.
You
do.
You
are
doing.
You
have
done.
You
have
been
doing.
He
does.
He
is
doing.
He
has
done.
He
has
been
doing.
We
do.
We
are
doing.
We
have
done.
We
have
been
doing.
They
do.
They
are
doing.
They
have
done.
They
have
been
doing.
过去时
I
did.
I
was
doing.
I
had
done.
I
had
been
doing.
You
did.
You
were
doing.
You
had
done.
You
had
been
doing.
He
did.
He
was
doing.
He
had
done.
He
had
been
doing.
We
did.
We
were
doing.
We
had
done.
We
had
been
doing.
They
did.
They
were
doing.
They
had
done.
They
had
been
doing.
将来时
I
shall
do.
I
shall
be
doing.
I
shall
have
done.
I
shall
have
been
doing.
You
will
do.
You
will
be
doing.
You
will
have
done.
You
will
have
been
doing.
He
will
do.
He
will
be
doing.
He
will
have
done.
He
will
have
been
doing.
We
shall
do.
We
shall
be
doing.
We
shall
have
done.
We
shall
have
been
doing.
They
will
do.
They
will
be
doing.
They
will
have
done.
They
will
have
been
doing.
过去将来时
I
would
do.
I
would
be
doing.
I
would
have
done.
I
would
have
been
doing.
You
would
do.
You
would
be
doing.
You
would
have
done.
You
would
have
been
doing.
He
would
do.
He
would
be
doing.
He
would
have
done.
He
would
have
been
doing.
We
would
do.
We
would
be
doing.
We
would
have
done.
We
would
have
been
doing.
They
would
do.
They
would
be
doing.
They
would
have
done.
They
would
have
been
doing.
一、现在完成时概述
◆
表示过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在,常伴有介词短语“for+时间段”或“since
+时间点”,此外还有until
now/up
to
now/so
far等等。
eg:Tom
has
worked
in
this
company
for
three
years.(过去发生的动作持续到现在)
汤姆在这家公司上班三年了。
He
has
been
busy
since
last
week.(过去发生的状态持续到现在)
上个星期以来他一直很忙。
◆
表示过去到现在的时间段内重复的动作,到现在已经完成。
eg:I
have
read
this
novel
three
times
in
the
past
months.(过去到现在的时间内重复的动作)
在过去的几个月,我已经读这本小说三次了。
We
have
taken
three
tests
so
far
this
week.
(过去到现在的时间内重复的动作)
这周到目前为止.我们已经参加三次考试了。
◆
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
eg:I
have
already
finished
my
homework.
(过去发生的动作对现在造成影响是作业做完了)
我已经完成作业了。
Someone
has
broken
the
window.(过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响是窗户打破了)
有人把窗户打破了。
二、现在完成时的结构
1、现在完成时的肯定句
句型:主语(第一、二人称单、复数)+have+过去分词+其他.
主语(第三人称单数)+has+过去分词+其他.
主语(第三人称复数)+have+过去分词+其他.
主语
助动词
过去分词
其他成分
I(第一人称单数)
have
V.(动词)+ed
其他
he,
she,
it(第三人称单数)
has
you(第二人称单数/复数)
have
we,
they(第一、三人称复数)
have
eg:I
have
bought
lots
of
books
about
Western
customs.
我买了许多有关西方风俗的书。
He
has
been
to
the
Great
Wall.
他去过长城。
They
have
already
seen
the
film.
他们已经看过这部电影了。
2、现在完成时的否定句
句型:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
主语
助动词
否定词not
过去分词
其他成分
I(第一人称单数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
V.(动词)+ed
其他
he,
she,
it(第三人称单数)
has
has
not(hasn’t)
you(第二人称单数/复数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
we,
they(第一、三人称复数)
have
have
not(haven’t)
eg:The
Simpsons
haven't
been
to
Canada
since
the
day
they
left.
从离开那天起,辛普森一家就再也没去过加拿大。
Eric
hasn't
got
his
plane
tickets
yet.
埃里克还没有买到飞机票。
3、现在完成时的一般疑问句
句型:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语+have/has.
否定回答:No,
主语+have/has
not.
eg:-Have
you
read
Journey
to
the
West?
你读过《西游记》吗?
-Yes,
I
have.是的,我已经看了。/
No,I
haven't.
不,我还没看过。
-Has
she
lived
here
for
2
years?
她在这里住了两年了吗?
-Yes,
she
has.
是的,他住两年了。/No,
she
hasn't.
不,他没有住两年。
4、现在完成时的特殊疑问句
句型:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
eg:How
long
have
you
been
here?
你到这儿多久了?
How
many
times
have
you
been
to
the
Great
Wall?
你去过长城几次?
-Which
book
have
you
read?
你读过哪本书?
-Snow
White
and
the
Seven
Dwarfs.《白雪公主和七个小矮人》。
5、过去分词变化形式。(直
去
双
改
特)
变化规则
例词
一般情况下直接加-ed
work
worked
jump
jumped
look
looked
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d(去e加ed也可以)
like
liked
live
lived
use
used
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed
stop
stopped
plan
planned
shop
shopped
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,要先改“y”为“i”,再加-ed,以元音字母加“y”结尾的动词,直接加-ed
study
studied
carry
carried
play
played
注意:词尾-ed在清辅音后读/t/;在元音和浊辅音后读/d/;在辅音t,d后读/id/。
常用不规则动词过去式与过去分词(更多参见教科书不规则动词变化表)【特】
现在式
过去式
过去分词
现在式
过去式
过去分词
let让
let
let
lie躺
lay
lain
lose遗失
lost
lost
make
做
made
made
meet遇见
met
met
pay支付
paid
paid
read
读
read
read
rise上升
rose
risen
run跑
ran
run
say说
said
said
beat打,敲
beat
beaten
become成为
became
become
begin开始
began
begun
bite
咬
bit
bitten/bit
blow吹
blew
blown
break打破
broke
broken
bring携带
brought
brought
build建造
built
built
burn燃烧
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
buy买
bought
bought
catch捉
caught
caught
choose选择
chose
chosen
come来
came
come
drink
喝
drank
drunk
drive驾驶
drove
driven
eat吃
ate
eaten
fall落下
fell
fallen
feed喂
fed
fed
feel觉得
felt
felt
fight打架
fought
fought
find找
found
found
fly飞
flew
flown
forget
忘记
forgot
forgotten
forgive原谅
forgave
forgiven
get获得
got
gotten/got
give给
gave
given
go去
went
gone
grow生长
grew
grown
hang
挂
hung
hung
hear
听
heard
heard
hit击
hit
hit
hold
持
held
held
hurt伤害
hurt
hurt
keep保持
kept
kept
know知道
knew
known
lay放置
laid
laid
lead引导
led
led
learn学习
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
leave离开
left
left
lend借出
lent
lent
see看见
saw
seen
sell
售
sold
sold
send
送
sent
sent
shine照耀
shone/shined
shone/shined
shoot发射
shot
shot
sing唱歌
sang
sung
sit坐下
sat
sat
sleep睡觉
slept
slept
smell
嗅
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
speak
说
spoke
spoken
spell拼写
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
spend花费
spent
spent
stand站立
stood
stood
steal偷窃
stole
stolen
sweep扫除
swept
swept
swim游泳
swam
swum
swing摇摆
swung
swung
take拿,握
took
taken
teach
教
taught
taught
tear
撕
tore
torn
tell告诉
told
told
think
想
thought
thought
throw
投
threw
thrown
understand理解
understood
understood
wear
穿
wore
worn
win赢
won
won
write
写
wrote
written
三、现在完成时标志词
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last
year,in
1980,three
days
ago,just
now,when
I
came
in等。现在完成时标志词有:already“已然”,ever“曾经”,just“刚刚”,so
far“至今”,yet“已经、还”,before“以前”,for+时间段“…之久”,since+加时间点/一个过去式的句子“自从…(到现在)”。
1、already“已经”,常用于肯定句中,动词过去分词前,也可放句末。
eg:I
have
already
read
this
storybook.
我已经读过这本故事书了。
I’ve
washed
my
clothes
already.
我已经洗了衣服。
Have
you
met
him
already
?
表示吃惊等感彩时,already也可用于疑问句(口语)
你(真的)已经见过他了?
2、yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,放在句尾。
eg:-Has
he
found
his
watch
yet?
他已经找到他的手表了吗?
-No,
not
yet.
不,还没有。
The
woman
hasn’t
found
her
dog
yet.
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
3、just意为“刚刚”,放在动词过去分词之前。而just
now“刚刚”,用于句尾,且代表“一般过去时”。
eg:He
has
just
come
back
from
school.
他刚从学校回来。(现在完成时)
I
finished
my
homework
just
now.
我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。(一般过去时)
4、so
far意为“倒现在为止;迄今为止”,
意义和用法相同的还有up
to
now,up
till
now放在句首或句尾。
eg:I
have
travelled
by
train
three
times
so
far.
到现在为止,我已乘火车旅行三次了。
=so
far,
I
have
travelled
by
train
three
times.
5、ever意为“曾经”,放在动词的过去分词之前。
eg:Have
you
ever
been
to
Beijing?
你曾去过北京吗?
I
haven't
ever
spoken
to
her.
我未曾和她说过话。
6、before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,
eg:Have
you
been
to
Shanghai
before
?
你以前去过上海吗?
I
haven’t
eaten
Sichuan
food
before.我以前没吃过四川菜。
7、since意为“自从…(到现在)”,后面要加时间点,或一个过去式的句子,用于过去完成时。
eg:since
1984
自从1984年
since
yesterday
自从昨天
since
10
years
ago
自从10年前
since
I
was
10
自从我10岁的时候
since
three
years
ago
从三年前开始
since
she
was
a
little
girl自从她还是个小女孩
He
has
been
away
since
last
week.
他从上星期起就不在了。
8、for
“……之久”,后面要加上时间段,用于过去完成时。
eg:for
over
twenty
years
二十多年了
for
about
two
days
大约两天之久
for
half
a
month
半个月之久
for
two
years
两年了
He
has
been
away
for
one
week.
他已经离开一个星期了。
口诀记忆:句尾:since,for,yet
动前:ever,just
动前句尾:already
so
far
前后,before后,
现在完成已看透。
四、现在完成时的基本用法
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last
year,in
1980,three
days
ago
just
now,
when
I
came
in等连用。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语,如already,
yet,
sometimes,often,before,lately,once,never,
just,
ever等连用;也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如this
morning,
today,
this
week,
this
year等连用。
eg:I
have
opened
the
window.
我已经把窗户打开了。(窗户是开着的)
The
concert
has
started.
音乐会已经开始
(音乐会现在在进行)
They
have
gone
to
Shanghai.
他们已去上海了(他们不在这里)
She
has
already
come.
她已经来了。
I
haven’t
read
it
yet.
我还没有读过这个
Have
you
ever
seen
each
other
before?
你们见过面吗?
2、表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)动作或状态,常和表示一段时间状语,如:today,
these
days,
since…,for…,this
month,
now等连用。
eg:I
have
studied
English
for
two
years.
我学英语已经两年了。
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
since
1980.
他们自1980年就一直住在北京。
We’ve
known
each
other
since
we
were
children.我们从小就认识。
3、have
been
to
和
have
gone
to
?
have
been
to表示表示“曾经到过某地”,说话时此人不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。如后遇到地点副词(here“这里”,there“那里”,home“家”,abroad
“国外”等),要省略介词“to”。
eg:They
have
been
to
Sweden
many
times.他们去过瑞典许多次了。
He
has
been
to
Beijing.
他曾去过北京。(人已回来,可能在这儿)
I
have
been
to
abroad
many
times.我岀国了好几次。
?
have
gone
to表示某人“已经去某地了”,说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里,反正不在这里。如后遇到地点副词(here“这里”,there“那里”,home“家”,abroad
“国外”等),要省略介词“to”。
eg:Jack
isn't
in.
He
has
gone
to
the
supermarket.
杰克不在,他去超市了。
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
他已经去北京了。(人已走,不在这儿)。
She
has
gone
to
home.她已经回家去了。
五、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1、一般过去时与过去的时间的连用,现在完成时不能与过去的时间的连用。
eg:I
have
ever
seen
the
film.
我看过这部电影。(现在完成时)
I
saw
the
film
last
week.
我上周看了这部电影。(一般过去时)
现在完成时表示对现在有影响或持续到现在,强调“到现在”,而一般过去时对现在没有影响或没有持续到现在,强调“过去做”。
eg:I
have
bought
a
car.
我已经买了一辆车了。(强调到现在,已经拥有)
I
bought
a
car.
我买了一辆车。(强调过去买了车,是否拥有,不知道)
I
have
been
in
China
for
10
years.Now,
I
teach
English
in
Beijing.
我在中国待了十年,现在我在北京教英文。(状态持续到现在,用现在完成时)
I
was
in
China
for
10
years.Now,
I
teach
Chinese
in
Tokyo.
我在中国待了十年,现在我在东京教中文。(状态没有持续到现在,用一般过去时)
六、延续性动词、短暂性动词与现在完成时
英语中,按动词延续的时间长短,可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词,如:learn“学习”,work“工作”,play“玩耍”等。短暂性动词,即动作一开始便结束的动词,如:come“来”,go“去”,begin“幵始”,become“变成”,buy“购买”。延续性动词,就是可以想做多久就做多久的事情,只要你不累。短暂性动词就是一瞬间的事情。
当句子中出现“for+一段时间”,“since+从句”,“since+表示时间点的名词”,how
long等,这些时间状语的时候,不能使用短暂性动词,要使用延续性动词。用于现在完成时。(口诀:看见since,for,how
long;廷续性动词不能忘)
eg:His
grandfather
has
died
for
ten
years.
(×)
His
grandfather
has
been
dead
for
ten
years.
(√)
他的祖父已经去世十年了。
My
brother
has
joined
the
army
since
five
years
ago.
(×)
My
brother
has
been
in
the
army
since
five
years
ago.
(√)
我的兄弟自从五年前就在军队服役了。
How
long
has
the
film
begun?
(×)
How
long
has
the
film
been
on?
(√)
电影上映多久了?
牢记:常见的短暂性动词对应的延续性动词
短暂性动词
延续性动词
put
on
穿上
wear
穿着
meet
遇见
know
认识
borrow
借来
keep
持有
buy
买
have
拥有
join
加入
be
in
在……里了
catch/get+病
得病
have+病
有病
leave
离开……
be
away
from
离开……了
come
to/go
to
reach/arrive
in(at)
来,去,到达
be
in/at
在……
die
死
be
dead
死了的
start/begin
开始
be
on
进行了
finish/end
结束
be
over
结束了
open
打开
be
open
(adj.)
开着的
close
关闭
be
closed
(adj.)
关着的
marry
结婚
be
married
已婚的
go
back
to
/
return
to
返回
be
back
to
回来了
go
out
出去
be
out
在外面了
become
变成
be
是
fall
asleep/get
to
sleep
入睡
be
asleep
睡着的
eg:We
have
had
the
book
for
three
years.(√)
这本书我们买了三年了。
We
have
bought
the
book
three
years
ago.
(×)
He
has
had
a
cold
for
three
days.(√)
他感冒三天了.
He
has
caught
a
cold
three
days
ago.
(×)
I
have
kept
the
book
since
last
week.(√)自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I
have
borrowed
the
book
last
week.
(×)
I
have
been
a
student
for
over
two
years.(√)
我成为一个学生两年多了.
I
have
become
a
student
two
years
ago.
(×)
Mr
Black
has
been
dead
for
three
years.(√)
Mr
Black死了三年了。
Mr
Black
has
died
three
years
ago.
(×)
Xiao
Ming
has
been
a
soldier
for
half
a
year.(√)
小明参军半年了。
Xiao
Ming
has
joined
the
army
half
a
year
ago.
(×)
句型总结(必背句型)
1、句型结构(主语是单三)
肯定句:主语(单三)+has+动词过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语(单三)+hasn’t+动词过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:Has+主语(单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语(单三)+has.
否定回答:No,
主语(单三)+hasn’t.
持殊疑问句:疑问词+has+主语(单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
2、句型结构(主语是非单三)
肯定句:主语(非单三)+have+动词过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语(非单三)+haven’t+动词过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:Have+主语(非单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,
主语(非单三)+have.
否定回答:No,
主语(非单三)+haven’t.
持殊疑问句:疑问词+have+主语(非单三)+动词过去分词+其他?
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