UNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
观点对比类文章
观点对比类文章实际上大多数是议论文，有时是夹叙夹议类文章。写好该类作文要注意以下要点：
1．观点鲜明，文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点。
2．层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。
3．最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4．通常采用一般现在时。
5．语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
[基本框架]
1．开头——开门见山，引入辩论话题。
2．主体——列举正方和反方的观点并说明理由。
3．结尾——表明自己的观点。
[常用词块]
1．attach
great
importance
to高度重视
2．play
a
vital
part
in在……中起重要作用
3．make
outstanding
contributions
to
对……做出杰出贡献
4．serve
the
society服务社会
5．from
my
point
of
view依我之见
6．a
wise
choice一个明智的选择
7．support
the
opinion支持这个观点
8．oppose
the
opinion反对这个观点
9．the
following
three
reasons以下三个原因
10．become
more
and
more
popular变得越来越受欢迎
[常用语句]
★引入话题
Recently
our
class
had
a
discussion
about
sea
exploration.
最近我们班进行了一次关于海洋探索的讨论。
Opinions
were
divided
on
the
topic.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
★列举正方和反方的观点并说明理由
However，every
coin
has
two
sides.
然而，任何事物都有两面性。
Some
students
support
the
opinion.Other
students
oppose
the
opinion.
一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。
73%
of
the
students
supported
the
view.
73%的学生支持这一观点。
However，27%
of
the
students
were
against
the
idea.
然而，27%的学生反对这个观点。
★表明自己的观点
I
think
the
second
view
is
completely
wrong.
我认为第二种观点是完全错误的。
As
far
as
I'm
concerned/Personally，I'm
in
favour
of
the
first
/
second
view.
就我个人而言，我赞成第一/第二种观点。
众所周知，这些年我国经济发展迅速，可是环境污染也越来越严重，发展经济与环境保护之间的关系问题一直为社会各界所关注。下面是某班同学的讨论结果，请你就此给某英文报社写一篇文章介绍讨论情况并简要阐述自己的观点。
1．一些同学认为经济发展不应以环境为代价。理由：忽视环境而发展经济将对环境造成破坏。
2．一些同学认为经济发展不应考虑环境问题。理由：发展经济必然带来环境问题，等以后有了钱和时间再来解决。
3．你的观点……
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给出不计入总词数。
参考词汇：不可避免的unavoidable
A
discussion
about
the
relationship
between
economic
development
and
environment
protection
was
held
in
our
class.
【参考范文】
A
discussion
about
the
relationship
between
economic
development
and
environment
protection
was
held
in
our
class.
Some
students
believe
we
should
never
sacrifice
environment
for
economy.They
think
the
present
environmental
problems
are
largely
caused
by
rapid
economic
development.
However，other
students
think
it
unnecessary
to
consider
environmental
problems
now
and
economic
development
comes
first.They
believe
that
environmental
problems
can
be
dealt
with
later
when
we
have
the
time
and
money.
I
think
the
second
view
is
completely
wrong.The
purpose
of
economic
development
is
to
provide
a
comfortable
and
happy
life
for
our
people.We
should
aim
at
sustainable
development
and
find
a
balance
between
the
two.
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
1．Ocean
is
the
cradle
of
life.
海洋是生命的摇篮。
2．Save
our
ocean
for
the
sake
of
life
on
the
earth.
为了地球上的生命拯救我们的海洋吧。
3．Fish
can't
stir
the
sea，fog
can't
overwhelm
the
mountains.
鱼搅不浑大海，雾压不倒高山。
4．The
sea
is
not
afraid
of
more
rain，but
a
good
man
is
not
afraid
of
more
difficulties.
大海不怕雨水多，好汉不怕困难多。
5．The
big
boat
needs
to
go
deep
and
the
dragon
needs
to
swim
in
the
middle
of
the
sea.
大船要走深水，蛟龙要在海中游。
Some
people
have
seen
the
sea，but
others
haven't.The
sea
looks
beautiful
on
a
fine
day.But
it
can
be
very
rough
when
there
is
a
strong
wind.
The
sea
is
very
large.There
is
more
sea
in
the
world
than
land.
If
you
have
swum
in
the
sea，you
know
that
the
sea
is
salty.Do
you
know
the
Dead
Sea?
It
is
so
salty
that
you
can't
sink
when
you
are
in
the
water.And
fish
can't
live
in
it!
All
living
things
must
fight
to
stay
alive.They
have
to
feed
on
something
and
at
the
same
time
avoid
being
eaten.Therefore
they
have
to
solve
this
big
problem
of
staying
alive
in
their
own
way.
The
danger
of
being
eaten
in
the
sea
is
great.Those
plants
and
animals
that
do
survive
usually
reproduce
very
fast
and
in
great
numbers.
Certain
sea
animals
have
defensive
devices(装置)
which
help
them
to
survive.The
jellyfish
have
poisonous
tentacles(触角)
which
are
used
for
attack
and
defence.
Another
method
of
survival
which
sea
plants
and
animals
use
is
disguise(伪装)．They
usually
have
the
same
color
as
their
surroundings.
In
order
to
stay
alive，animals
need
to
have
good
senses.Fishes
have
sharp
eyes.Almost
all
animals
are
sensitive
to
touch.Fishes
judge
movements
in
the
water
by
means
of
their
lines.Fishes
and
other
sea
animals
can
hear
well
and
many
of
them
can
make
different
types
of
warning
sound.
[探索发现]
1．What
is
the
greatest
problem
that
the
living
things
face?
They
have
to
live
on
in
their
own
way.
2．What
do
the
jellyfish
have
to
protect
themselves
from
being
attacked?
They
have
poisonous
tentacles
which
are
used
for
attack
and
defence.
3．List
at
least
two
methods
of
helping
animals
survive.
①Reproducing
very
fast
and
in
great
numbers.②Disguising/Certain
defensive
devices.③Good
senses
(of
animals)．
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
阅读P32教材课文中的材料，选择最佳答案
1．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
Text
1?
A．The
problems
caused
by
exploring
the
sea.
B．The
pollution
caused
by
exploring
the
sea.
C．The
climate
change
caused
by
exploring
the
sea.
D．The
overfishing
caused
by
exploring
the
sea.
2．What
has
had
many
birds
and
fish
killed?
A．Burning
more
oil.
B．Plastic
pollution.
C．Mining
for
resources.
D．Overfishing.
3．Why
do
we
have
to
explore
the
sea
more?
A．To
know
our
planet
better.
B．To
meet
our
economic
needs.
C．To
improve
our
technology.
D．To
discover
new
resources.
4．What
can
help
us
to
predict
earthquakes?
A．Managing
resources.
B．Logging
new
species.
C．Accessing
the
deep
ocean.
D．Understanding
environmental
risks.
[答案] 1－4 ABAC
Words
and
Phrases
mercy
n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
[教材原句P32]
Although
this
was
banned
in
1982，some
countries
are
still
“murdering”
these
intelligent
creatures
without
mercy.
正在尽管这种行为在1982年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍然在毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
[例1]
We
never
show
mercy
to
bad
people.
我们对坏人是决不留情的。
[例2]
It's
a
mercy
that
the
accident
happened
so
close
to
the
hospital.
幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。
[造句] 他受到无情地对待。
He
was
treated
without
mercy.
[知识拓展]
(1)show
mercy
to
sb.
怜悯某人
have
mercy
on
对……表示怜悯
at
the
mercy
of
任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中
without
mercy
残忍地，毫无同情心地
(2)merciful
adj.
仁慈的；宽大的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Having
lost
the
engine's
power，the
boat
was
now
at
the
mercy
of
the
wind.
②He
was
such
a
cruel
man
that
he
showed
no
mercy
to
others.
③He
will
be
generous
and
merciful
(mercy)
to
those
who
are
weaker
than
himself.
④They
had
mercy
on
Tom
for
he
suffered
a
lot.＝
They
showed
mercy
to
Tom
for
he
suffered
a
lot.
他们对汤姆表示同情，因为他受的苦难太多了。
[小片段填空]
The
merciful
merchant
showed
mercy
to
the
poor
father，“Don't
scold
him，he
was
a
mere
child.”(mercy)
possession
n．个人财产；拥有；控制
[教材原句P32]
The
sea
is
home
to
life，not
human
beings'
possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的财产。
[例1]
He
carried
all
his
worldly
possessions
in
an
old
suitcase.
他将所有的个人财物放在了一只旧手提箱里。
[例2]
Anyone
in
full
possession
of
the
facts
would
see
that
we
are
right.
任何完全了解事实的人都会明白我们是正确的。
[造句] 你是什么时候拥有新房子的？
When
did
you
take
possession
of
your
new
house?
[知识拓展]
(1)get/take
possession
of
拥有(占有)
sb.be
in
possession
of
sth.
某人拥有/占有某物
sth.be
in
the
possession
of
sb.
某物为某人所拥有
(2)possess
vt.
拥有；具有；支配
be
possessed
of
具有(某种品质或特征)
be
possessed
with/by
被……控制
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She
said
that
she
was
suddenly
possessed
by/with
fear.
②Wolf
father，whose
three
children
went
to
Peking
University，is
possessed
(possess)
of
great
confidence.
③The
company
that
Tom
is
in
possession
of
was
once
in
the
possession
of
his
uncle.
[名师点津]
有无冠词时意义不同的短语：
in
possession
of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in
the
possession
of表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。类似的还有：
①in
charge
of负责……，in
the
charge
of由……负责
②in
control
of控制……，in
the
control
of被……控制
[小片段助记]
Mr.Grossman's
characters
are
not
so
much
in
possession
of
their
experiences
as
possessed
by
them.
log
vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n．正式记录；日志；原木
[教材原句P32]
Logging
new
species
will
improve
our
understanding
of
life
on
the
earth.
记录新物种将提升我们对地球生命的了解。
[例1]
The
road
was
blocked
by
fallen
logs.
倒下的原木堵住了路面。
[例2]
He
logged
the
ship's
speed
at
10
knots.
他在航海日志中记下船速每小时十海里。
[造句] 试一试先退出再登录。
Try
logging
off
and
logging
on
again.
[知识拓展]
log
in/on
进入(系统)，注册，登录
log
into/onto...
进入……，登录……
log
off/out
退出(系统)，注销
keep
a
log
记日志
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
got
an
error
message
when
I
tried
to
log
in/on．
②The
password
allows
the
user
to
log
into/onto
the
system.
③When
you
are
finished，remember
to
log
off/out
for
security
reasons.
Sentence
Pattern
so
that
引导目的状语从句
[教材原句P32]
We
need
to
understand
what
is
happening
to
our
planet
so
that
we
can
take
action.
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
[句式分析]
句中so
that“为了，以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句，相当于in
order
that(为了)。
[例1]
I
set
up
the
computer
so
that
they
could
work
from
home.
我把电脑设置好，这样他们就可以在家办公了。
[例2]
He
encouraged
his
son
to
make
friends
with
those
around
him
so
that
he
could
adapt
himself
to
the
new
surroundings
easily.
他鼓励儿子跟周围的人交朋友，这样，他就能很容易适应新环境了。
[造句] 我会告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I
will
tell
you
all
the
facts
so
that
you
can
judge
for
yourself.
[知识拓展]
(1)so
that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would等。so
that引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首，而in
order
that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
(2)当so
that或in
order
that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可变为so
as
to或in
order
to的动词不定式短语。
[即学即练]——完成句子/一句多译
①We
turned
on
the
light
so
that
we
might
see
what
it
was.
我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。
②In
order
that
we
can
get
there
on
time，we
should
set
out
early.
为了及时赶到那里，我们应该早些出发。
③He
raised
his
voice
so
that/in
order
that
he
could
make
himself
heard．＝He
raised
his
voice
so
as
to/in
order
to
make
himself
heard．＝He
raised
his
voice
to
make
himself
heard．
他提高了嗓门，以便大家都能听到。
主旨大意题
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：
(1)What
is
the
main
theme/topic/idea
of
this/the
passage/the
text?
(2)What
does
the
text/passage
mainly
focus
on?
(3)The
passage
is
mainly
about
．
(4)The
general/main
idea
of
the
passage
is
．
(5)The
passage
mainly
focuses
on
．
解题技巧——
“主题句定位”寻主旨
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
找主题句四个小窍门
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in
fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in
short，conclude，conclusion等词。
[典例]
A
month
before
my
first
marathon，one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
and
this
meant
not
running
for
two
weeks，leaving
me
only
two
weeks
to
train.Yet，I
was
determined
to
go
ahead.
I
remember
back
to
my
7th
year
in
school.In
my
first
P．E.class，the
teacher
required
us
to
run
laps
and
then
hit
a
softball.I
didn't
do
either
well.He
later
informed
me
that
I
was
“not
athletic”．
The
idea
that
I
was
“not
athletic”
stuck
with
me
for
years.When
I
started
running
in
my
30s，I
realized
running
was
a
battle
against
myself，not
about
competition
or
whether
or
not
I
was
athletic.It
was
all
about
the
battle
against
my
own
body
and
mind.A
test
of
wills!
The
night
before
my
marathon，I
dreamt
that
I
couldn't
even
find
the
finish
line.I
woke
up
sweating
and
nervously，but
ready
to
prove
something
to
myself.
Shortly
after
crossing
the
start
line，my
shoe
laces(鞋带)
became
untied.So
I
stopped
to
readjust.Not
the
start
I
wanted!
At
mile
3，I
passed
a
sign：“GO
FOR
IT，RUNNERS！”
By
mile
17，I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
injured
ankle
hurt
badly.Despite
the
pain，I
stayed
the
course
walking
a
bit
and
then
running
again.
By
mile
21，I
was
starving!
As
I
approached
mile
23，I
could
see
my
wife
waving
a
sign.She
is
my
biggest
fan.She
never
minded
the
alarm
clock
sounding
at
4
a．m.or
questioned
my
expenses
on
running.
I
was
one
of
the
final
runners
to
finish.But
I
finished!
And
I
got
a
medal.In
fact，I
got
the
same
medal
as
the
one
that
the
guy
who
came
in
first
place
had.
Determined
to
be
myself，move
forward，free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签)，I
can
now
call
myself
a
“marathon
winner”．
★What
does
the
story
mainly
tell
us?
A．A
man
owes
his
success
to
his
family
support.
B．A
winner
is
one
with
a
great
effort
of
will.
C．Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
D．One
is
never
too
old
to
learn.
B [通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined
to
be
myself，move
forward，free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签)，I
can
now
call
myself
a
‘marathon
winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。]
[对点训练]
A
Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County
is
proud
to
announce
Cassy，a
member
of
Wallingford
Boys
&
Girls
Club，has
won
the
title
of
our
Youth
of
the
Year.
In
total，12
extraordinary
teens
from
Clubs
across
the
county
competed
for
the
title.Each
candidate
was
judged
on
the
following：leadership
and
service
to
their
Club
and
community；their
life
goals
and
values；moral
character；academic
success
and
their
public
speaking
skills
during
an
interview.
Cassy
walked
away
with
the
winning
title
and
a
$2，000
education
scholarship.She
said，“When
there
was
no
one
else
to
reach
out
to，I
knew
I
could
turn
to
the
staff
at
the
Boys
&
Girls
Club.Without
the
Club，I
wouldn't
have
had
the
strength
to
continue
my
studies
while
I
was
homeless.I
have
come
to
think
of
the
Boys
&
Girls
Club
as
not
only
a
place
to
go
to
after
school，but
a
shelter
and
a
home.”
“Cassy
is
incredibly
hard?working
and
driven，”
said
Meghan
Sweet，Director
of
Wallingford
Boys
&
Girls
Club.“She
won't
let
her
challenges
get
in
the
way
of
her
success.The
Club
has
provided
her
with
a
second
home，while
she
in
return
has
helped
make
the
Club
a
warm
and
welcoming
place
we
strive
to
provide
for
all
our
members.The
world
needs
more
young
women
like
Cassy，who
has
proved
that
anyone
who
is
given
a
place
and
an
opportunity
to
develop
their
potential
can
become
a
community
leader.”
Cassy
values
the
voices
of
individuals
who
are
homeless.She
herself
has
experienced
homelessness，and
wants
to
share
real
stories
of
the
homeless
to
promote
people's
understanding
of
them.She
co?founded
a
student
organization
where
she
and
other
students
interview
homeless
individuals
and
share
their
stories
on
a
Facebook
page
called
“The
Unheard
Voices
of
Seattle”．
★What
is
the
passage
mainly
talking
about?
A．The
Unheard
Voices
of
Seattle.
B．The
winner
of
the
Youth
of
the
Year.
C．Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County.
D．The
moving
stories
of
homeless
kids.
B [主旨大意题。本文围绕Cassy获得Boys
&
Girls
Clubs
of
King
County的“Youth
of
the
Year”称号展开了叙述，然后讲述了该称号的评选条件、Cassy获奖后的感受、他人对Cassy的评价以及Cassy为让人们更加了解无家可归的人而作出的努力等。故选B。]
B
If
some
parts
of
a
body
are
very
sick
or
damaged，then
doctors
might
need
to
remove
them.Another
way
doctors
can
help
is
to
grow
new
tissue
to
replace
what
is
sick
or
damaged.This
is
called
regenerative
medicine(再生医学)．
Regenerative
medicine
sounds
like
something
from
a
science
fiction
movie
but
it
is
not
a
new
idea.Inside
our
bones，we
have
something
called
“marrow”，which
makes
our
blood
and
keeps
us
healthy.Doctors
have
been
giving
sick
people
the
bone
marrow
from
other
healthy
people
for
the
last
30
or
40
years，and
this
is
a
kind
of
regenerative
medicine.
Newer
developments
in
regenerative
medicine
include
growing
new
skin
in
a
laboratory
and
using
it
to
help
people
who
have
been
hurt
in
fires
or
accidents.Another
example
of
regenerative
medicine
is
a
technique
developed
from
studying
frogs
and
mice.When
cells
are
old，like
in
adults，they
can't
change
what
they
do
in
our
bodies.For
example，a
skin
cell
can't
change
into
an
eye
cell.But
when
cells
are
very
young，they
can
become
any
cell
type.These
young
cells
are
called
stem
cells，and
doctors
can
use
them
to
grow
any
type
of
tissue，such
as
skin，heart
or
eye.John
Gurdon
and
Shinya
Yamanaka
won
the
2012
Nobel
Prize
for
their
studies
in
this
area.
Professor
Fiona
Watt，from
the
Centre
of
Regenerative
Medicine
at
King's
College，London，believes
that
regenerative
medicine
is
so
exciting
because
many
different
kinds
of
experts
need
to
work
together.3D
printers
may
be
used
to
print
new
bones
by
experts，who
need
to
work
closely
with
university
scientists
and
the
surgeons
who
do
the
operations
in
hospitals.
We
can
not
yet
grow
new
arms
or
legs
for
people，but
the
science
fiction
dream
of
regenerative
medicine
may
be
closer
than
we
think.Perhaps
in
the
future，doctors
will
be
able
to
grow
whole
new
bodies
for
us.
★What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．How
to
help
very
sick
or
damaged
people.
B．Regenerative
medicine
and
science
fiction.
C．We
can
grow
our
new
bodies
in
the
future.
D．Regenerative
medicine
and
its
development.
D [主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，再生医学的具体应用和发展过程及前景。“Regenerative
medicine
and
its
development”是全文的主旨，故选D。]
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
1．extend
vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extended
adj.伸出的，伸展的；延长的；持续的
2．negotiate
vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation
n．协商，谈判
3．royal
adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→royally
adv.像王一般地；庄严地；高贵地
4．withdraw
vi.&
vt.
(使)撤回；撤离→withdrawal
n.
收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走
1．merchant
n．商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
①The
merchants
of
Arab
are
doing
their
things
all
of
the
world.
n．商人
②He
is
a
wholesale
merchant.
n．批发商
③This
is
a
merchant
ship
of
5，000
tons.
adj.海上货运的
2．negotiate
vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商
①We've
decided
to
negotiate
a
loan
with
them.
vt.商定
②He
negotiated
a
new
contract
with
the
sellers.
vt.达成(协议)
③Are
the
employers
really
willing
to
negotiate?
vi.谈判
3．bond
n．纽带；关系
vt.&
vi.
增强信任关系；使牢固结合
①You
need
a
strong
adhesive
to
bond
wood
to
metal.
vt.使牢固结合
②The
team
has
bonded
together
well.
vi.增强信任关系
③The
experience
created
a
very
special
bond
between
us.
n．纽带；关系
Words
and
Phrases
set
sail
起航；开航
[教材原句P26]
However，merchants
and
explorers
from
the
East
set
sail
from
east
to
west
many
years
before
Columbus
first
did.
然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行，比哥伦布要早许多年。
[例1]
We
set
sail
at
high
tide.
我们在涨潮时启航。
[例2]
The
ship
set
sail
for
Europe.
这艘船启航去欧洲。
[造句] 两个钟头之后，这艘船就启航来中国了。
Two
hours
later
the
ship
set
sail
for
China.
[知识拓展]
set
sail
for
开船往，动身往
at
full
sail(s)
开足马力，张起所有的帆，高速前进
go
for
a
sail
乘船游览
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Christopher
Columbus
set
sail
for
the
New
World
in
the
Santa
Maria.
②A
big
ship
ploughed
the
sea
at
full
sail.
③Let's
go
for
a
sail
this
afternoon.
extend
vt.
扩展；使伸长；延长
[教材原句P26]
A
trading
route
across
the
sea
was
also
extended
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean，centred
around
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka)．
它是一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸，以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。
[例1]
The
car
park
has
been
extended.
那个停车场已被扩建了。
[例2]
They
asked
the
government
to
extend
its
period
of
deliberation.
他们要求政府延长审议的时间。
[造句] 果树枝伸出墙外。
The
branches
of
the
fruit
trees
extended
out
over
the
fences.
[知识拓展]
(1)extend
from
...to
...
从……延伸到……
extend
out
伸出
extend
through...
贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
(2)extension
n.
延伸，扩展
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
tourist
season
extends
from
May
to
October.
②The
girls
competed
for
it，their
hands
extended
out
into
the
air.
③I
mean
to
be
talking
about
a
single
thing
that
was
extended
through
time.
[小片段填空]
Take
off
extension
and
the
legs
should
be
fully
extended
on
top
of
the
jump.(extend)
negotiate
vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商
[教材原句P26]
Here，merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
negotiate
trade
deals，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other's
cultures.
在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易问题，这也使他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
[例1]
Rents
are
individually
negotiated
between
landlord
and
tenant.
租金由房东和房客单独协商。
[例2]
They
have
refused
to
negotiate
on
this
issue.
他们拒绝就这一问题进行谈判。
[造句] 我设法同当局进行了成功的协商。
I
managed
to
negotiate
successfully
with
the
authorities.
[知识拓展]
negotiate
a
price
商谈价格
negotiate
with
同……协商；谈判；交涉
negotiate
for
为……谈判
negotiate
into
通过谈判使进入
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We
are
negotiating
for
the
release
of
the
prisoners.
②I'll
negotiate
with
their
coach
on
the
date
of
the
match.
③So
what
is
the
best
way
to
negotiate
your
way
into
a
mobile
work
lifestyle?
withdraw
vi.&
vt.(使)撤回；撤离
[教材原句P26]
Although
China
withdrew
from
further
expeditions
after
1433，these
land
and
sea
routes
remained
active
channels
between
other
cultures
for
centuries.
虽然中国在1433年以后退出了进一步的探险活动，但这些陆上和海上的路线几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间交流的活跃通道。
[例1]
The
general
decided
to
withdraw
his
soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
[例2] He
didn't
withdraw
his
remarks
and
apologize.
他既没收回发言，也没道歉。
[造句] 由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
He
was
forced
to
withdraw
from
the
competition
due
to
injury.
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw
from
从……撤出，撤回
withdraw
money
from
the
bank
从银行取款
withdraw
one's
eyes
from
把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw
a
remark
收回发言
(2)withdrawal
n.
收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Tell
the
men
to
withdraw
from
their
new
position.
②I'd
like
to
withdraw
1，000
dollars
from
my
savings
account
and
put
it
in
my
cheque
account.
③He
has
made
several
withdrawals(withdraw)
from
his
bank
account.
bond
n．纽带；关系
vt.&
vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
[教材原句P27]
The
aim
of
this
initiative
is
to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas，and
strengthen
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.
这一倡议的目的是鼓励在历史悠久的丝绸之路地区开展合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界的联系。
[例1]
A
strong
spiritual
bond
exists
between
them.
他们俩在精神上紧密地结合在一起。
[例2]
This
glue
makes
a
good
firm
bond.
这种胶水粘得很结实。
[造句] 他用了六七个字就解释清楚了他们之间的关系。
In
half
a
dozen
words，he
had
explained
the
bond
that
linked
them.
[知识拓展]
bond
between
……之间的联系
bond...to
把……粘在……上；使……结合
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①There's
a
bond
between
the
twins.
②Silver
overlay
is
bonded
to
the
entire
surface.
in
hand
在手头；可供使用
[教材原句P27]
Hundreds
of
years
on，and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand，the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋，走向遥远的未来。
[例1]
I
haven't
any
money
in
hand.
我手头一分钱都没有。
[例2]
Your
remarks
do
not
bear
on
the
matter
in
hand.
你的话和目前这件事没有关系。
[造句] 咱们来干手头这件事吧。
Let
us
address
ourselves
to
the
matter
in
hand.
[知识拓展]
at
hand
在手边，在附近
by
hand
由人工，用人力
hand
in
hand
手牵手，携着手
go
hand
in
hand
with
与……共同行动；与……相配合；
与……一致；与……结合在一起
out
of
hand
无法控制，不可收拾
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Soon
school
will
end
and
the
vacation
will
be
at
hand.
②Higher
returns
and
higher
risk
usually
go
hand
in
hand.
③We
received
a
typewritten
letter
with
a
note
added
by
hand.
Sentence
Patterns
what引导名词性从句
[教材原句P26]
In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road．
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
[句式分析]
句中what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road为what引导的名词性从句，作介词along的宾语。
[例1]
They've
done
what
they
can
to
help
her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
[例2]
He
is
no
longer
what
he
was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
[造句] 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
After
what
seemed
like
hours
he
came
out
with
a
bitter
smile.
[知识拓展]
what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①We
now
live
in
what
is
called
the
Information
Age.
我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
②What
we
can't
get
seems
better
than
what
we
already
have．
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
③China
is
no
longer
what
she
used
to
be
ten
years
ago.
中国不再是十年前的样子了。
as引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句P26]Over
the
centuries，further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China，as
recorded
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century．
几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更大的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。
[句式分析]
句中as
recorded
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
[例1]
As
is
known
to
the
United
States，Mark
Twain
is
a
great
American
writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
[例2] He
forgot
to
bring
his
pen
with
him，as
was
often
the
case.
他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。
[造句] 正如我曾告诉过你的，这也是你工作的一部分。
As
I
told
you
before，this
is
also
part
of
your
work.
[知识拓展]
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
[即学即练]——完成句子/一句多译
①This
man，as
you
know，is
good
for
nothing.
这个人，正如你所知道的，一事无成。
②Einstein，as
is
well
known，is
a
famous
scientist.＝
It
is
well
known
that
Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.＝
What
is
well
known
is
that
Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
1．[教材原句P26]Here，merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
negotiate
trade
deals，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other's
cultures.
分析：句中不定式短语to
negotiate
trade
deals
作目的状语，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other's
cultures
为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
译文：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易问题，这也使他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
2．[教材原句P27]Although
the
ancient
sea
routes
of
Zheng
He
have
been
travelled
many
times，there
are
still
many
other
places
left
to
explore.
分析：句中Although
the
ancient
sea
routes
of
Zheng
He
have
been
travelled
many
times
为although引导的让步状语从句，不定式短语to
explore作名词places的后置定语。
译文：虽然郑和的古代海路已经走过很多次了，但仍有很多地方值得探索。
教材
高考
1.Marco
Polo's
tales
inspired
European
explorers
to
search
for
sea
routes
from
west
to
east.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
once
wrote
a
paper
on
the
influence
of
fairy
tales
on
Roald
Dahl's
writing
and
it
gave
me
a
new
appreciation
for
his
strange
and
delightful
worlds.
2.In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
(2018·浙江卷)Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be
like
to
live
on
a
college
campus
(校园)
like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms，classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and，of
course，the
students.
3.A
trading
route
across
the
sea
was
also
extended
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean，centred
around
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka)．
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
Students
should
be
able
to
extend
the
logic(逻辑)of
each
to
their
particular
circumstance.
4.African
royal
families
sent
gifts
such
as
giraffes
as
gestures
of
friendship
in
return
for
gold，silk，and
spices.
(2018·浙江卷)Cabbies
know
all
the
latest
news
about
film
stars，the
Royal
Family，government
leaders，and
popular
singers
or
actors
and
actresses.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
family
was
forced
to
live
on
credit
from
local
merchants
(merchant)．
2．We
have
protected
our
unity
and
struggled
to
perfect
our
union
by
extending
(extend)
basic
rights
to
all
our
people.
3．The
party
in
office
has
to
negotiate
with
the
parties
out
of
office
over
this
proposal.
4．As
a
painter
he
is
in
a
league
of
his
own.
5．She
quickly
withdrew(withdraw)
her
hand
from
the
hot
iron
then.
6．There
are
four
specialized
radio
channels(channel)，which
broadcast
different
kinds
of
programmes.
7．I
hesitated，not
wanting
to
tell
tales(tale)
about
my
colleague.
8．I
saw
them
making
their
way，hand
in
hand，down
the
path.
Ⅱ.短语填空
set
sail；in
a
league
of
one's
own；withdraw
from；in
hand；negotiate
with
1．While
passengers
love
to
complain
about
taxi
drivers，the
drivers
of
New
York
are
in
a
league
of
their
own．
2．Sylvia，camera
in
hand，asked，“Where
do
we
go
first？”
3．The
liner
set
sail
for
New
York
at
8：30.
4．A
back
injury
forced
her
to
withdraw
from
the
game.
5．The
trade
union
is
negotiating
with
the
employers
to
get
a
better
contract
now.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
1.what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.A
trading
route
across
the
sea
was
also
extended
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean，2.centred(centre)
around
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka)．Between
1405
and
1433，seven
large
fleets
sailed
west
on
voyages
of
trade
and
3.exploration
(explore)．Under
the
command
of
Zheng
He，they
set
sail
4.from
the
South
China
Sea
across
the
Indian
Ocean
to
the
mouth
of
the
Red
Sea，and
then
to
the
east
coast
of
Africa.The
ancient
sea
5.routes(route)
travelled
by
Zheng
He
are
being
revisited
with
the
21st
Century
Maritime
Silk
Road，6.which
is
part
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.The
aim
of
this
initiative
is
7.to
encourage(encourage)
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas，and
8.strengthen(strength)
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.In
recent
years，China
9.has
joined(join)
other
nations
on
several
expeditions
to
explore
the
Arctic
in
order
to
understand
climate
change
and
10.its(it)
effects.
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
速读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Columbus
set
sail
from
east
to
west.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
Rome，along
the
Silk
Road.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．China
withdrew
from
further
expeditions
before
1433.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
aim
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
is
to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
Arctic
will
be
urgently
studied
in
order
to
understand
climate
change
and
its
effects.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to
negotiate
trade
deals
B．To
complete
the
great
map
of
the
world
C．to
search
for
sea
routes
from
west
to
east
D．to
greatly
develop
the
whole
area
for
the
benefit
of
future
trade
and
cultural
exchange
E．to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future
F．to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas
1．
was
a
strong
passion
for
the
people
of
early
civilisations.
2．Marco
Polo's
tales
inspired
European
explorers
.
3．Here，merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other's
cultures.
4．The
aim
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
is
，and
strengthen
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.
5．China
has
invested
billions
in
systems
and
services
along
these
routes，which
will
help
．
6．Hundreds
of
years
on，and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand，the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
．
[答案] 1－6 BCAFDE
Ⅲ.表格填空
REACHING
OUT
ACROSS
THE
SEA
Marco
Polo
His
1.tales
inspired
European
explorers
to
search
for
sea
routes
from
west
to
east.
the
Silk
Road
◆Silk
from
China
2.found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome.◆It
3.centred
around
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka)．◆Merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
4.negotiate
trade
deals.
the
Ming
Dynasty
◆Seven
5.large
fleets
sailed
west
on
voyages
of
trade
and
exploration.◆They
6.set
sail
from
the
South
China
Sea
across
the
Indian
Ocean
to
the
mouth
of
the
Red
Sea，and
then
to
the
east
coast
of
Africa.◆China
7.withdrew
from
further
expedi?tions
after
1433.
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
◆The
aim
is
to
8.encourage
cooperation
and
trade
and
strengthen
the
9.bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.◆It
will
help
to
greatly
develop
the
whole
area
10.for
the
benefit
of
future
trade
and
cultural
exchange.
细读P26～27教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.67.Para.7
A.The
Ming
Dynasty's
exploration.B.The
ancient
sea
routes
are
revisited.C.The
Silk
Road.D.Trade
and
curiosity.G.The
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.F.China's
cooperation
on
other
important
projects.E.China
will
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
[答案] 1－7 DCABGFE
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．Which
of
the
following
is
the
centre
of
the
sea
trading
route
in
ancient
times?
A．China.
B．India.
C．Rome.
D．Sri
Lanka.
2．Who
led
seven
large
fleets
to
be
on
voyages
of
trade
and
exploration?
A．Marco
Polo.
B．Columbus.
C．Zheng
He.
D．Du
Huan.
3．What
is
the
aim
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative?
A．To
encourage
cooperation
and
strengthen
bonds.
B．To
find
sea
routes
from
west
to
east.
C．To
develop
relations
with
more
regions.
D．To
get
gifts
such
as
giraffes.
4．Why
has
China
joined
other
nations
to
explore
the
Arctic?
A．To
learn
the
latest
technology.
B．To
enhance
relationships
with
them.
C．To
understand
climate
change
and
its
effects.
D．To
go
on
many
further
expeditions.
[答案] 1－4 DCAC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句
找出教材课文中每个段落的主题句
Paragraph
1：Trade
and
curiosity
have
often
formed
the
foundation
of
mankind's
greatest
achievements.
Paragraph
2：In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
Paragraph
3：Later，the
Ming
Dynasty
further
developed
relations
with
these
regions.
Paragraph
4：To
reach
out
across
the
sea
remains
a
strong
desire
today.
Paragraph
5：The
aim
of
this
initiative
is
to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas，and
strengthen
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.
Paragraph
6：China
has
also
joined
its
friends
across
the
sea
on
other
important
projects.
Paragraph
7：Hundreds
of
years
on，and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand，the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
动词不定式
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。
[观察例句]
1．To
complete
the
great
map
of
the
world
was
a
strong
passion
for
the
people
of
early
civilizations.
2．It's
very
important
to
master
a
foreign
language.
3．The
aim
of
this
initiative
is
to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas，and
strengthen
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.
4．Trading
has
grown
greatly
in
recent
years，and
will
continue
to
do
so
in
years
to
come.
5．Marco
Polo's
tales
inspired
European
explorers
to
search
for
sea
routes
from
west
to
east.
6．Here，merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
negotiate
trade
deals，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of
each
other's
cultures.
7．Although
the
ancient
sea
routes
of
Zheng
He
have
been
travelled
many
times，there
are
still
many
other
places
left
to
explore.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作主语。例句2中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
2．例句3中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作表语。
3．例句4中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作宾语。
4．例句5中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
5．例句6中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作状语。
6．例句7中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作定语。
一、动词不定式的形式
主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般时
to
do
to
be
done
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时
to
be
doing
表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
I
plan
to
attend
the
meeting
to
be
held
tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系)
They
are
said
to
be
studying
psychology.
据说他们正研究心理学。(be
said与study同时发生)
I'm
very
sorry
to
have
kept
you
sitting
around
doing
nothing.
让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be
sorry之前)
No
harm
seems
to
have
been
done.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前，且harm与do之间是被动关系)
[名师点津]
动词不定式的否定式
在不定式符号to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not。
Zhang
Ming
asked
me
not
to
stay
at
home
all
day.
张明要我别整天待在家里。
My
mother
let
me
not
do
it
by
myself.
妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
[即学即练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They
seem
to
have
known(know)
each
other
for
a
long
time.
②They
pretended
to
be
working(work)
hard
when
the
teacher
came
in.
③I
wanted
the
letter
to
be
typed(type)
at
once.
二、不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
1．作主语
To
talk
with
him
is
a
great
pleasure.
和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
[名师点津]
①为了避免头重脚轻，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后面，用it作形式主语，放在句首。
②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加上“for/of＋n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for
sb.；当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of
sb.，这样的形容词有careful，cruel，foolish，brave，good，honest，kind，rude，polite，nice，stupid，wise，wrong等。
It's
very
important
for
you
to
remember
this.
对你来说记住这一点很重要。
It's
very
kind
of
you
to
help
me.
你能帮我真是太好了。
2．作表语
不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem，appear，prove，turn
out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to
be)；二是像My
job
is
to
sweep
the
floor(我的工作就是擦地板)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
He
seems
to
be
ill.
他似乎生病了。
Her
wish
is
to
be
a
teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
We
are
to
meet
at
the
bus
station
at
three.
我们约定3点钟在车站见面。(表约定)
3．作宾语
常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：
“决心学会想希望”：decide/determine，learn，want，hope/wish/expect/long
“设法假装在拒绝”：manage，pretend，refuse
“主动答应选计划”：offer，promise，choose，plan
“同意请求帮一帮”：agree，ask/beg，help
外加
afford，fail，would
like/love，threaten。
I
can't
afford
to
buy
a
car.我买不起汽车。
I
like
swimming，but
I
don't
like
to
swim
this
afternoon.
我喜欢游泳，但我今天下午不想游泳。
[名师点津]
不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而用形式宾语
it
代替，常见句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel，etc.＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式。
I
think
it
necessary
to
send
for
an
expert.
我认为请位专家来是有必要的。
4．作宾语补足语
通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise，allow，ask，bear，beg，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，help，intend，invite，leave，like，mean，need，oblige，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，remind，teach，tell，trouble，want，warn，wish等。
What
caused
him
to
change
his
mind?
是什么使他改变主意的？
He
didn't
allow
the
students
to
go
there.
他没允许学生们去那儿。
5．作定语
I
have
a
question
to
ask
you.
我有一个问题要问你。
He
is
not
a
man
to
tell
a
lie.
他不是个说谎的人。
[名师点津]
不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。
The
Browns
have
a
comfortable
house
to
live
in.
布朗家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
6．不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
To
succeed，one
must
first
of
all
believe
in
himself.
要想成功，首先必须相信自己。
(2)only
to
do
sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
We
hurried
to
the
station，only
to
be
told
that
the
train
had
left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。
You
will
never
know
how
happy
I
was
to
see
her
yesterday.
你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我有多么高兴。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)
＋
to
do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。
The
box
is
not
easy
to
carry.
这个箱子不易携带。
7．动词不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
How
to
solve
the
problem
is
very
important.(主语)
如何解决这一问题很重要。
He
didn't
know
what
to
ask.(宾语)
他不知道该问些什么。
My
question
is
when
to
start.(表语)
我的问题是何时开始。
[即学即练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①It
took
years
of
work
to
reduce
(reduce)
the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.
②I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver，but
he
refused
to
stop
(stop)
until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
③He
is
thought
to
have
acted(act)
foolishly.Now
he
has
no
one
but
himself
to
blame
for
losing
the
job.
三、省略to的情况
1．在某些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式，常不带to；如果这些动词用于被动结构，其后的to就必须补上。这类词可以用以下口诀助记：
一感：feel 二听：listen
to，hear 三让：make，have，let
五看：see，watch，observe，look
at，notice。
I
often
hear
him
sing
the
song.
我经常听见他唱那首歌。
He
is
often
heard
to
sing
the
song.
他经常被人听见唱那首歌。
2．在以why引导的疑问句中，表示建议，不定式不带to。
Why
congratulate
her?
为什么要祝贺她呢？
Why
not
conduct
the
interview
right
now?
为什么不马上主持面试呢？
3．在cannot
but，cannot
choose
but，cannot
help
but之后的动词不定式不带to。
I
cannot
but
admire
his
courage.我只有佩服他的勇气。
4．动词不定式在but，except，besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do，那么，这些词后的动词不定式不带to，否则要带to。
She
could
do
nothing
but
cry.
她除了哭，不能做任何事。
I
have
no
choice
but
to
work
for
the
firm.
除了为这家公司工作，我别无选择。
What
do
you
like
to
do
besides
swim?
除了游泳，你还喜欢做什么？
5．为了避免重复，动词不定式可省去to。
I'm
really
puzzled
about
what
to
think
or
say.
想什么，说什么，我确实困惑了。
[名师点津]
在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try以及be
glad，be
happy，would
like，should
love，would
love等后面，常用to来代替前面的不定式，以避免重复。
I
haven't
conducted
a
performance，but
I
wish
to.
我没有主持过演出，但是我希望主持一场。
[即学即练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I
had
nothing
to
do
but
wait
(wait)
outside
of
the
gate.
②Why
not
turn(turn)
off
the
gas
at
once?
③They
couldn't
choose
but
stay(stay)
there.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Let
me
hear
you
play
(play)
the
violin.
2．Tom
worked
hard，only
to
fail
(fail)
again
at
last.
3．The
question
is
very
difficult
to
answer
(answer)．
4．The
boy
was
seen
to
fall
(fall)
suddenly
from
the
tree.
5．He
pretended
to
be
reading
(read)
the
text
when
I
came
in.
6．It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
invited
(invite)
to
attend
the
meeting.
7．The
goal
of
this
activity
is
to
meet
(meet)
the
needs
of
common
people.
8．The
engine
just
won't
start.Something
seems
to
have
gone
(go)
wrong
with
it.
9．Jack
was
in
low
spirits
those
days
and
his
friends
did
all
they
could
to
cheer
(cheer)
him
up.
10．Martin
showed
no
anxiety
about
the
competition.He
seemed
to
have
prepared
(prepare)
for
it
pretty
well.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．The
little
girl
was
the
only
one
who
survived
the
plane
crash.
→The
little
girl
was
the
only
one
to
survive
the
plane
crash.
2．If
he
thought
the
task
deserved
doing，he
would
do
it.
→If
he
thought
the
task
deserved
to
be
done，he
would
do
it.
3．His
eagerness
that
he
wanted
to
get
back
home
was
quite
obvious.
→His
eagerness
to
get
back
home
was
quite
obvious.
4．There
are
still
many
problems
which
need
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
→There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
5．Her
father
plans
to
fly
to
Beijing
at
least
four
times
a
year
so
that
he
can
visit
her.
→Her
father
plans
to
fly
to
Beijing
at
least
four
times
a
year
in
order
to/so
as
to
visit
her.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Research
has
become
both
simpler
and
more
complex.It's
simpler
because，if
you
have
a
computer，you
can
find
information
you
need
by
1.searching(search)
the
Internet.For
all
your
information，you
don't
have
to
go
to
the
library
2.to
find
(find)
the
relevant
resources
and
3.take(take)
notes
on
it.Instead，you
can
find
some
sources
from
the
Internet
and
print
the
copies
4.needed
(need)．Remember，however，that
you
should
usually
consult
different
types
of
sources.That
is，you
shouldn't
always
rely
just
on
the
Internet
for
your
research.
While
5.finding
(find)
information
is
easier
than
ever，at
the
same
time，6.researching
(research)
has
become
more
complex.There
is
a
lot
more
material
available，which
means
you
may
be
7.overwhelmed
(overwhelm)
with
the
amount
of
information.You
need
to
learn
how
8.to
sort
(sort)
through
and
9.find
(find)
the
relevant
information
for
your
particular
project.Also，you
need
10.to
check
(check)．
PAGEUNIT
3
SEA
EXPLORATION
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.merchant
A．adj.
皇家的；王室的；高贵的
( )2.league
B．n.
商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
( )3.royal
C．n.
职业；行业
( )4.channel
D．n.
等级；水平；联合会；联赛
( )5.profession
E．n.
航道；海峡；频道
( )6.tournament
F
．n.
笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
( )7.mixture
G．n.
混合；结合体；混合物
( )8.laptop
H．n.
名录；电话号码簿；(计算
机文件或程序的)目录
( )9.directory
I．n.
新闻报道；覆盖范围
( )10.coverage
J．n.
锦标赛；联赛
[答案] 1－5 BDAEC
6－10 JGFHI
b．短语匹配
( )1.set
sail
A．退出；撤回
( )2.in
a
league
of
one's
own
B．在手头；可供使用
( )3.withdraw
from
C．记者招待会；新闻发布会
( )4.in
hand
D．起航；开航
( )5.press
conference
E．独领风骚
[答案] 1－5 DEABC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．tale
n.
故事；叙述
2．extend
vt.
扩展；使伸长；延长
3．negotiate
vt.
商定；达成(协议)
vi.
谈判；磋商；协商
4．withdraw
vi.&
vt.
(使)撤回；撤离
5．bond
n.
纽带；关系
vt.&vi.
增强信任关系；使牢固结合
6．politics
n.
政治；政治观点
7．applaud
vt.&
vi.
鼓掌
vt.
称赞；赞赏
8．tax
vt.
对……征税；使纳税
n.
税；税款
9．murder
vt.
谋杀；凶杀；毁坏
n.
谋杀；凶杀
10．mercy
n.
仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
11．possession
n.
个人财产；拥有；控制
12．opponent
n.
反对者；对手；竞争者
13．log
vt.
把……载入正式记录；记录
n.
正式记录；日志；原木
14．arrest
n.
逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.
逮捕；拘留；阻止
Ⅰ.语境填词
withdraw；negotiate；tale；extend；profession；bond；murder；mercy；applaud；tax
1．She
was
reading
tales
of
adventures.
2．France
has
greatly
extended
its
influence
in
world
affairs.
3．The
government
negotiated
with
the
opposition
party
over
the
new
law.
4．I
want
to
withdraw
a
statement
I
made
earlier.
5．There
is
a
bond
which
is
beyond
words
exists
between
them.
6．Medicine
is
her
destined
profession．
7．The
audience
warmly
applauded
when
the
performance
came
to
the
end.
8．People
who
refuse
to
pay
tax
can
be
put
in
prison.
9．He
was
charged
with
murder
but
they
found
him
innocent
of
the
charge.
10．We
do
pray
you
to
show
mercy．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He
looked
at
me
with
a
mixture
(mix)
of
amazement
and
horror.
2．There's
little
coverage
(cover)
of
foreign
news
in
the
newspaper.
3．The
Egyptians
strove
with
the
Romans
for
the
possession
(possess)
of
the
Nile
Valley.
4．I
am
studying
politics
(political)
at
university.
5．They
welcomed
us
right
royally
(royal)．
1．However，merchants
and
explorers
from
the
East
set
sail
from
east
to
west
many
years
before
Columbus
first
did.
然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行，比哥伦布要早许多年。
2．In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
what
became
known
as
the
Silk
Road.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
3．These
fleets
were
a
sight
to
behold
and
were
in
a
league
of
their
own
at
that
time.
这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。
4．The
ancient
sea
routes
travelled
by
Zheng
He
are
being
revisited
with
the
21st
Century
Maritime
Silk
Road，which
is
part
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
5．Hundreds
of
years
on，and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand，the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋，走向遥远的未来。
词语助读
①form
the
foundation
of构成……的基础
②early
civilisations早期文明
③tale
n．故事；叙述
④search
for寻找
⑤merchants
and
explorers商人和探险家
⑥set
sail
起航；开航
⑦find
one's
way找到路
⑧become
known
as作为……而出名
⑨extend
vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
⑩centre
around以……为中心
?negotiate
trade
deals协调贸易问题
?awareness
of意识到
?over
the
centuries几个世纪以来
?develop
relations
with发展与……的关系
?seven
large
fleets七支大型船队
?behold
vt.看；看见
?in
a
league
of
one's
own独领风骚
?under
the
command
of在……的指挥下
?African
royal
families非洲王室
?in
return作为报答
spice
n．(调味)香料
withdraw
from退出；撤回
channel
n．航道
reach
out
across
the
sea远渡重洋
the
21st
Century
Maritime
Silk
Road
21世纪海上丝绸之路
encourage
cooperation
and
trade鼓励开展合作和贸易
strengthen
the
bonds加强联系
in
years
to
come在未来几年
invested
billions投资数十亿
for
the
benefit
of为……的利益
cultural
exchange文化交流
many
other
places
left很多其他剩余的地方
expeditions
to
explore
the
Arctic北极探险活动
from
a
scientific
point
of
view从科学的角度来看
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand掌握最新技术
enhance
relationships加强关系
原文呈现
REACHING
OUT
ACROSS
THE
SEA
Trade
and
curiosity
have
often
formed
the
foundation
of①
mankind's
greatest
achievements.To
complete
the
great
map
of
the
world(1)
was
a
strong
passion
for
the
people
of
early
civilisations②.Marco
Polo's
tales③
inspired
European
explorers
to
search
for④
sea
routes
from
west
to
east.However，merchants
and
explorers⑤
from
the
East
set
sail⑥
from
east
to
west
many
years
before
Columbus
first
did(2)．
(1)不定式短语作主语。
(2)before引导时间状语从句。
In
ancient
times，silk
from
China
found
its
way⑦
overland
to
India，the
Middle
East，and
Rome，along
what
became
known
as⑧
the
Silk
Road(3)．A
trading
route
across
the
sea
was
also
extended⑨
along
the
coasts
of
the
Indian
Ocean，centred
around⑩
Ceylon
(now
Sri
Lanka)．Here，merchants
from
China
and
many
other
places
met
to
negotiate
trade
deals?，which
also
led
to
more
awareness
of?
each
other's
cultures(4)．Over
the
centuries?，further
trading
allowed
more
exploration
of
the
regions
to
the
west
of
China，as
recorded
in
Du
Huan's
Record
of
My
Travels
in
the
eighth
century.
(3)what引导宾语从句。
(4)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
Later，the
Ming
Dynasty
further
developed
relations
with?
these
regions.Between
1405
and
1433，seven
large
fleets?
sailed
west
on
voyages
of
trade
and
exploration.These
fleets
were
a
sight
to
behold?
and
were
in
a
league
of
their
own?
at
that
time.Under
the
command
of?
Zheng
He，they
set
sail
from
the
South
China
Sea
across
the
Indian
Ocean
to
the
mouth
of
the
Red
Sea，and
then
to
the
east
coast
of
Africa.African
royal
families?
sent
gifts
such
as
giraffes
as
gestures
of
friendship
in
return?
for
gold，silk，and
spices.Although
China
withdrew
from
further
expeditions
after
1433(5)，these
land
and
sea
routes
remained
active
channels
between
other
cultures
for
centuries.
(5)although引导让步状语从句。
To
reach
out
across
the
sea
remains
a
strong
desire
today.The
ancient
sea
routes
travelled
by
Zheng
He
are
being
revisited
with
the
21st
Century
Maritime
Silk
Road，which
is
part
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative(6)．
(6)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
21st
Century
Maritime
Silk
Road。
The
aim
of
this
initiative
is
to
encourage
cooperation
and
trade
across
the
historic
Silk
Road
areas，and
strengthen
the
bonds
between
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world.Trading
has
grown
greatly
in
recent
years，and
will
continue
to
do
so
in
years
to
come.China
has
invested
billions
in
systems
and
services
along
these
routes，which
will
help
to
greatly
develop
the
whole
area
for
the
benefit
of
future
trade
and
cultural
exchange(7)．
(7)
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
China
has
also
joined
its
friends
across
the
sea
on
other
important
projects.Although
the
ancient
sea
routes
of
Zheng
He
have
been
travelled
many
times(8)，there
are
still
many
other
places
left
to
explore.In
recent
years，China
has
joined
other
nations
on
several
expeditions
to
explore
the
Arctic.From
a
scientific
point
of
view，there
is
an
urgent
need
to
study
the
Arctic
in
order
to
understand
climate
change
and
its
effects.
(8)although引导让步状语从句。
Hundreds
of
years
on，and
with
the
latest
technology
in
hand，the
need
to
trade
and
the
desire
to
enhance
relationships
will
drive
China
to
reach
out
across
the
sea
far
into
the
future.
译文参考
漂洋过海
贸易和好奇心往往构成了人类最伟大成就的基础。完成这幅伟大的世界地图是早期文明的人们的强烈愿望。马可·波罗的故事激发了欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线的灵感。然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行，比哥伦布要早许多年。
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。它是一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸，以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易问题，这也使他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更大的开发，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。在1405年到1433年之间，七支大型船队向西航行，进行贸易和探险活动。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，他们从南海出发，穿过印度洋，到达红海口，然后到达非洲东海岸。非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友好的象征，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。虽然中国在1433年以后退出了进一步的探险活动，但这些陆上和海上的路线几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间交流的活跃通道。
远渡重洋仍然是今天的强烈愿望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
这一倡议的目的是鼓励在历史悠久的丝绸之路地区开展合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界的联系。近年来，贸易有了很大的增长，并将在未来几年继续如此。中国已经在这些线路体系和服务上投资了数十亿，这将有助于极大地发展整个地区，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
中国还在其他重要项目上与海洋对面的朋友们合作。虽然郑和的古代海路已经走过很多次了，但仍有很多地方值得探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一起参加了几次北极探险活动。从科学的角度来看，人们迫切需要进一步研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋，走向遥远的未来。
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