UNIT
4
SHARING
演讲稿
演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，句子要求短小精悍、铿锵有力。赞成什么、反对什么要旗帜鲜明，不能模棱两可。
[基本框架]
1．称呼语：最常用的是ladies
and
gentlemen，也可根据情况选用my
dear
friends；hello，everyone等。
2．具体内容：开门见山，提出主题，对主题要进行清楚、客观的论述，最后简明扼要地总结演讲。
3．结尾：最常用的结尾是Thank
you
for
your
listening。
[常用词块]
1．like
to
help
strangers喜欢帮助陌生人
2．be
full
of
love充满爱
3．need
others'
help需要别人的帮助
4．appeal
for
aid恳求援助
5．hold
a
heated
discussion开展热烈的讨论
6．poor
children
in
need
in
remote
areas需要帮助的偏远地区的贫困儿童
7．make
our
society
more
harmonious让社会更加和谐
8．lack
necessities
of
life缺少生活必需品
9．be
badly
in
need
of
our
assistance急需我们的帮助
10．with
our
joint
efforts在我们的共同努力下
[常用语句]
★夺人眼球开头句
My
name
is...Today
I
am
very
glad
to
have
the
opportunity
to
make
this
presentation.I
shall
be
speaking
about...
我是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是……
Good
morning，everyone!
It
is
my
great
honor
to
share
with
you
my
opinions
on...
大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于……我的看法。
It's
my
honour
to
stand
here
and
say
something
about
friendship.
站在这里，谈谈关于友谊的话题对我来说是件荣幸的事情。
★亮点出彩主体句
The
topic
of
my
speech
today
is...
我今天演讲的主题是……
As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
think
it
is
a
good
idea
to...
就我而言，我认为……是一个好主意。
I
would
like
to
concentrate
on
the
problem
of...
我想把重点集中在……问题上。
As
is
known
to
us
all，failure
is
the
mother
of
success，but
few
people
can
really
understand
what
the
saying
means.
我们都知道失败是成功之母，可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。
★韵味无穷结尾句
Thanks
for
your
listening
(to
my
speech)．
感谢大家倾听我的演讲。
That's
all
I
want
to
say
about
this
point.
关于这一点，我就讲这些。
假如你是李华，现任学校学生会主席。最近，你所在的城市正开展“帮助贫困孩子”的活动。你将代表学生会起草一份演讲稿，号召同学们帮助这些孩子们，并利用暑假时间积极到边远地区去参加志愿者活动。主要包括以下要点：
1．介绍贫困孩子的现状；
2．呼吁同学们参加活动。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计词数。
Dear
brothers
and
sisters，
Good
morning，everyone!
I'm
Li
Hua，chairman
of
the
Students'
Union.
Thanks
for
your
listening.
【参考范文】
Dear
brothers
and
sisters，
Good
morning，everyone!
I'm
Li
Hua，chairman
of
the
Students'
Union.I
am
earnestly
calling
for
your
active
participation
in
the
campaign
to
be
held
in
our
city，whose
theme
is
to
help
poor
children
in
need
in
remote
areas.
Far
away
from
the
city，many
children
of
our
age
are
terribly
lacking
in
necessities
of
life.Besides，good
education
is
unavailable
for
them.What's
worse，some
are
living
alone
without
their
parents'
company.They
are
badly
in
need
of
our
assistance
now.
Do
not
hesitate
to
join
us
to
be
a
volunteer
in
such
a
meaningful
event.I
have
a
firm
belief
that
with
our
joint
efforts，the
children
there
will
surely
have
a
brighter
future.
Thanks
for
your
listening.
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
1．Volunteering
doesn't
only
improve
your
life，but
also
the
lives
of
others.
志愿活动不仅能改善你的生活，还同样改善别人的生活。
2．Good
coffee
should
be
tasted
with
friends，and
good
opportunities
should
be
shared
with
friends.
好咖啡要和朋友一起品尝，好机会也要和朋友一起分享。
3．Not
a
flower
dress
up
the
beautiful
spring，a
person
always
alone，advanced
the
advanced
can
move
mountain
and
fill
seas.
一朵鲜花打扮不出美丽的春天，一个人先进总是单枪匹马，众人先进才能移山填海。
4．Compassion，helping
hands，tolerance
of
bosom，will
make
you
more
beautiful.
怜悯之心、助人之手、宽容之怀，会让你变得更美丽。
5．Help
others
to
start
from
daily
things，not
because
of
the
good
little.
助人要从日常小事做起，勿因善小而不为。
I
believe
when
we
were
little
babies，we
were
taught
to
learn
to
share
with
others.At
first，I
don't
understand.But
now
I
can
understand
gradually.Share
happiness
will
make
me
feel
happier，while
share
my
sadness
with
my
friends
will
make
me
reduce
sadness.When
I
told
my
friends
I
got
the
first
prize
in
the
recital
contest，they
all
congratulated
to
me
and
said
many
good
words，which
made
me
happier.When
I
got
blame
from
my
teacher，I
told
my
friends，which
made
me
felt
comfortable.Besides，their
comfort
also
helped
me
feel
better.What's
more，sharing
my
experience
with
others
that
helps
them
a
lot
can
make
me
feel
satisfied.
As
a
child
growing
up，I
have
very
few
memories
of
the
times
when
we
gathered
as
a
family
to
sit
down
and
eat
dinner
together.I
grew
up
in
a
home
where
both
of
my
parents
worked.My
mother
taught
school，and
my
father
worked
during
the
night
at
a
local
chemical
plant.There
was
not
much
time
available
for
us
to
sit
down
to
eat
dinner
together
due
to
my
parents'
conflicting
work
schedules
and
the
extra?curricular
activities
in
which
my
sister
and
I
participated.
It
wasn't
until
I
got
married
and
had
two
children
of
my
own
that
I
began
to
realize
the
importance
of
eating
dinner
together.In
my
family
there
are
elements
that
take
us
away
from
each
other，day
in
and
day
out，but
as
a
mother
I
feel
it
is
my
responsibility
to
bring
us
all
back
together
again
at
the
end
of
the
day.In
my
house，dinner
time
is
a
time
of
thanks.I
give
thanks
for
the
food
we
share，but
I
am
more
thankful
for
the
family
I
share
it
with.Dinner
time
is
a
time
for
us
to
share
our
day，and
reflect
on
our
thoughts.It
is
also
a
time
when
we
learn
about
honesty，perseverance，courage，sympathy
and
friendship.Above
all
it
is
a
time
when
my
family
are
able
to
connect
with
the
ones
they
love.
[探索发现]
1．Why
couldn't
the
author's
family
eat
dinner
together
when
she
was
young?
Because
of
her
parents'
different
working
time
and
children's
extra?curricular
activities.
2．What
does
the
author
think
the
dinner
time
actually
is
for
her
family?
It's
a
time
to
improve
communication
among
family
members.
3．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
passage?
To
tell
us
it
is
important
to
have
family
dinner
together.
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
阅读P44～45教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
has
Zhan
Bingbing's
mother
been
doing
in
Tanzania?
A．Building
roads.
B．Working
as
an
oil
worker.
C．Teaching
Chinese.
D．Working
as
a
volunteer
consultant.
2．What
is
Zhan
Bingbing's
attitude
towards
his
mother's
leaving?
A．Upset.
B．Happy.
C．Excited.
D．Disappointed.
3．Why
do
some
people
with
a
heart
condition
in
Tanzania
lose
their
lives?
A．Because
their
health
problems
can't
be
treated.
B．Because
they
can't
get
medical
treatment.
C．Because
they
are
refused
by
the
hospital.
D．Because
they
are
not
allowed
to
go
abroad
for
surgery.
4．What
has
Zhan
Bingbing
decided
to
do
in
the
future?
A．To
be
supportive
of
his
mother's
work.
B．To
be
a
good
global
citizen
interested
in
peace.
C．To
be
a
volunteer
to
help
people
in
other
lands.
D．To
build
a
community
with
a
shared
future
for
mankind.
[答案] 1－4 DABC
Words
and
Phrases
tune
n.
曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道
[教材原句P44]
But
then
I
began
to
hear
about
the
work
she
was
doing
in
Tanzania，a
country
that
has
many
health
problems，and
now
I
am
singing
a
different
tune.但是之后我开始听到她在坦桑尼亚的工作，那里有很多健康问题，(所以)现在我有了不同的看法。
[例1]
How
long
has
it
been
since
you've
had
a
mechanic
tune
this
engine?
你已经有多长时间没请汽车修理工调整这台引擎了？
[例2]
His
ideas
are
in
tune
with
the
times.
他的思想适合时代的潮流。
[造句] 钢琴和小提琴好像不合调。
The
violin
and
the
piano
seem
to
be
out
of
tune.
[知识拓展]
(1)in
tune
合调子
in
good
tune
音调准确；协调；融合
out
of
tune
走调
sing
a
different
tune
对某事有了新的看法
(2)tune
up
给(乐器)调音，定调
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They
were
both
singing
out
of
tune.
②I
don't
like
London—I
just
don't
feel
in
tune
with
city
life.
③He
tuned
up
and
began
to
play.
contract
vt.
感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)
n.
合同；契约
[教材原句P44]
Many
dangerous
diseases
which
are
rare
in
China
are
quite
commonly
contracted
in
Tanzania.
很多在中国罕见的危险疾病在坦桑尼亚是很容易感染上的。
[例1]
Bad
habits
are
easy
to
contract.
坏习惯很容易养成。
[例2]
Once
you
have
reached
formal
agreement，you
should
enter
into
a
contract
with
the
other
party.
你一旦达成正式协议，就应该和对方签订合同。
[造句] 他们已立约承建一条穿越非洲的铁路。
They
have
contracted
to
build
a
railway
across
Africa.
[知识拓展]
(1)sign
a
contract
签订合同
keep
a
contract
遵守或履行合同
make
a
contract
with
与……签定合同
(2)contract
in
承诺参加
contract
out
包出(某事项或某工程)；拒绝参加
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①How
many
of
the
companies
have
contracted
in
so
far?
②I
don't
want
to
be
associated
with
your
scheme；I'm
contracting
out．
③I
have
come
to
make
a
contract
with
you
for
the
business
under
discussion.
relay
vt.转发；转播
n．接力赛；接班的人
[教材原句P44]
Today，I
want
to
relay
to
you
that
I'm
proud
of
the
work
my
mother
has
done，and
I
am
now
supportive
of
it.
今天，我想告诉你们的是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到骄傲，我现在也非常支持她的工作。
[例1]
The
program
is
being
relayed
by
satellite.
节目正在通过卫星转播。
[例2]
This
metal
tower
is
used
to
relay
television
signals
to
distant
villages.
这个金属塔是用于向遥远的村子转播电视讯号的。
[造句]
她向我们转达了那则消息。
She
relayed
the
information
to
us.
[知识拓展]
relay
to
转达给……
work
in/by
relays
轮班工作
a
relay
race
接力赛
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
concert
will
be
relayed(relay)
to
a
worldwide
television
audience
estimated
at
one
thousand
million.
②Many
groups
of
workers
were
sent
in
relays(relay)．
③Please
relay
the
news
to
the
villagers.
pray
vi.&
vt.企盼；祈祷
[教材原句P45]
In
the
future，I
pray
that
you
will
do
the
same.
在未来，但愿你也会这样做。
[例1]
We
hope
and
pray
that
no
one
gets
hurt.
我们希望并祈祷没有人受伤。
[例2]
He
prayed
to
be
forgiven.
他祈求宽恕。
[造句] 我们恳求你放了这个孩子。
We
pray
you
to
set
the
child
free.
[知识拓展]
pray
sb.to
do
sth.
请求某人做某事
pray
for
为……祈祷
pray
sb.for
sth.
向某人恳求某事物
pray
that
但愿
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
whole
family
are
praying
for
Michael.
②I
prayed
that
James
wouldn't
notice.
③They
prayed
him
to
come(come)
back
soon.
Sentence
Pattern
现在完成进行时
[教材原句P44]
You
see，my
mother
is
a
medical
doctor，and
for
the
last
two
years，she
has
been
working
as
a
volunteer
consultant
in
Tanzania，Africa.
你知道，我母亲是一名医生，在过去的两年里，她一直在非洲坦桑尼亚做志愿顾问。
[句式分析]
句中has
been
working是现在完成进行时。它表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。
[例1]
The
Chinese
have
been
making
paper
for
two
thousand
years.
中国有2
000年的造纸历史。
[例2] I
have
been
learning
English
since
three
years
ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。
[造句] 她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
She
has
been
sleeping
for
6
hours
and
still
cannot
wake
up.
[知识拓展]
现在完成进行时的结构为：have/has
been
doing，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①No
wonder
you
are
so
tired.You
have
been
working
all
day.
难怪你这么累，你工作一天了。
②Because
of
illness，he
has
been
lying
in
bed
all
day.
由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。
③They
have
been
building
the
bridge
for
two
months.
两个月来他们一直在建桥。
段落大意题
段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有：
(1)What
does
the
last
paragraph
talk
about?
(2)The
main
idea
of
the
second
paragraph
probably
is
．
解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意
(1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句。
(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾。
[典例]
…
Meanwhile，things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—“bad”
tables，crowding，high
prices—don't
necessarily.Diners
at
bad
tables—next
to
the
kitchen
door，say—spent
nearly
as
much
as
others
but
soon
fled.It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
“be
overly
concerned
about
‘bad’
tables，”
given
that
they're
profitable.As
for
crowds，a
Hong
Kong
study
found
that
they
increased
a
restaurant's
reputation，suggesting
great
food
at
fair
prices.And
doubling
a
buffet's
price
led
customers
to
say
that
its
pizza
was
11
percent
tastier.
★What
does
the
paragraph
talk
about?
A．Tips
to
attract
more
customers.
B．Problems
restaurants
are
faced
with.
C．Ways
to
improve
restaurants'
reputation.
D．Common
misunderstandings
about
restaurants.
D [根据文章第一句“Meanwhile，things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—‘bad’
tables，crowding，high
prices—don't
necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。]
[对点训练]
A
…
A
separate
concert，“Songs
We
Love”，found
Bridgewater
singing
less
politically
charged
(but
still
exciting)
fare
like
“St.James
Infirmary”，which
appears
on
her
most
recent
album.In
words
as
well
as
music，this
period
reveals
how
seriously
Bridgewater
takes
that
responsibility，seeing
as
how
it
connects
to
her
own
experience
in
the
jazz
lineage.But
maybe
“seriously”
isn't
the
right
word
when
it
comes
to
Dee
Dee，whose
effervescence(欢腾，活泼)
shines
through
even
in
a
reflective
mood.Join
her
here
for
a
while；she's
excellent
company，no
more
or
less
so
now
that
mastery
is
officially
a
part
of
her
resume.
★What
does
the
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A．Bridgewater's
music
theme.
B．Bridgewater's
music
experience.
C．Bridgewater's
personal
characters.
D．Bridgewater's
great
achievements.
A [段落大意题。根据第一句中的“singing
less
politically
charged...”可知，她的歌曲政治味不太强烈，故本段主要讲了布里姬沃特的音乐主题。]
B
There
is
a
breakthrough
in
building
aircrafts.Bendable
wings
covered
with
overlapping(部分重叠)
pieces
resembling
fish
sizes
could
be
used
to
build
swifter，fuel?efficient
aircraft，a
new
study
finds.
Nowadays，conventional
aircrafts
typically
rely
on
ailerons(副翼)
to
help
control
the
way
the
planes
tip
as
they
fly.However，when
the
Wright
brothers
flew
the
first
airplane，Flyer
1，over
a
century
ago，they
used
no
ailerons
but
wires
and
pulleys
that
twisted
the
wood?and?canvas
wings，to
control
the
plane.
Scientists
have
long
sought
to
develop
aircrafts
that
can
alter
their
wings
during
flight，just
as
birds
can.However，most
previous
attempts
have
failed
because
they
relied
on
heavy
mechanical
control
structures
within
the
wings.These
structures
were
also
complex
and
unreliable，said
Neil
Gershenfeld，a
physicist
and
director
of
the
Center
for
Bits
and
Atoms
at
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
(MIT)．
The
new
wing
consists
of
a
system
of
tiny，strong，lightweight
modules.The
shape
of
the
wing
can
be
changed
uniformly
along
its
length
using
two
small
motors，which
apply
a
twisting
pressure
to
each
wingtip.These
wings
are
covered
in
“skins”
of
overlapping
strips
of
flexible
material
resembling
fish
sizes.These
strips
move
across
each
other
as
the
wings
alter，providing
a
smooth
outer
surface，the
researchers
explained.
★What
is
the
fourth
paragraph
mainly
about?
A．The
shape
of
the
new
wings.
B．The
result
of
the
tested
wings.
C．The
function
of
the
small
motors.
D．The
working
principle
of
the
new
wings.
D [段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了新机翼的工作原理。故选D。]
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
1．second
num.
第二
n．第二名；第二类→secondary
adj.
中学的；次要的
2．dust
n．沙土；灰尘
vi.&
vt.擦灰→dusty
adj.布满灰尘的
3．chemist
n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry
n．化学
4．house
n．住宅，房子vt.给……提供住房→housing
n．住房；住宅
5．ripe
adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen
vt.&
vi.成熟，使成熟
1．parcel
n．包裹
vt.裹好；打包；分成若干部分
①I
am
going
to
take
the
parcel
to
the
post
office
this
afternoon.
n．包裹
②The
sales
clerk
parceled
the
customer's
purchases.
vt.打包
③They
parceled
out
the
land
into
small
plots.
vt.分成若干部分
2．mail
n．邮件；信件；邮政
vt.邮寄；发电邮给
①Don't
forget
to
mail
your
mother
the
letter.
vt.邮寄
②Please
forward
my
mail
to
me.
n．邮件；信件
③If
we
want
to
send
something
to
another
department，we
use
the
mail
system.
n．邮政
3．shade
vt.
给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗
n.
阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
①These
trees
afford
a
pleasant
shade.
n．阴凉处
②This
artist
uses
light
and
shade
to
good
effect.
n．阴影部分
③A
big
hat
shades
the
eyes.
vt.给……遮挡(光线)
4．wrinkle
vt.&
vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起
n．皱纹
①The
old
man's
face
is
covered
with
wrinkles.
n．皱纹
②She
wrinkled
her
nose
at
the
smell.
vt.皱起
③The
skin
on
her
cheeks
and
around
her
eyes
was
beginning
to
wrinkle.
vi.(脸上)起皱纹
Words
and
Phrases
mail
n．邮件；信件；邮政
vt.邮寄；发电邮给
[教材原句P38]
I've
been
dying
to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail!
我总是非常想吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，所以收到邮件总是很愉快的！
[例1]
I've
just
come
out
to
mail
some
letters.
我刚出来要寄几封信。
[例2]
I
mailed
him
a
letter
yesterday.
昨天我给他邮去一封信。
[造句] 在意大利寄一封信要多少钱？
How
much
does
it
cost
to
mail
a
letter
in
Italy?
[知识拓展]
(1)mail
sb.sth.＝mail
sth.to
sb. 给某人邮寄某物
mail
out
邮寄出去
(2)by
mail
以邮寄方式
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
shop
mailed
the
book
to
me.
②The
school
said
it
would
mail
out
acceptance
letters
on
Tuesday.
chorus
n.
合唱曲；合唱团
vt.合唱；齐声说
[教材原句P38]
When
I
reach
the
school
grounds，I'm
greeted
by
a
chorus
of
“good
morning”
from
the
boys.
当我到达学校时，迎接我的是男孩子们异口同声“早上好”的声音。
[例1]
Never
before
have
I
heard
this
song
sung
in
chorus.
我从来没有听过这首歌的合唱。
[例2]
The
papers
all
chorused
the
praises
of
the
President.
各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。
[造句] 观众齐声对他报以一阵热烈的掌声。
He
was
met
with
a
chorus
of
applause
from
the
audience.
[知识拓展]
a
chorus
of
齐声；异口同声
in
chorus
异口同声
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①“Hello，”
they
shouted
in
chorus.
②The
professor's
speech
was
welcomed
with
a
chorus
of
praise.
not
to
mention
更不用说；且不说
[教材原句P38]
There's
no
electricity，running
water
or
even
textbooks，not
to
mention
laptops，tablets，or
other
modern
devices!
那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备了！
[例1]
Old
folk
and
children
alike
are
all
against
the
proposal，not
to
mention
the
youth.
老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。
[例2]
Ade
is
handsome
and
smart，not
to
mention
being
a
good
athlete.
艾德不但是个好运动员，而且既潇洒又精明。
[造句] 他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。
They
have
three
dogs
to
look
after，not
to
mention
the
cat
and
the
bird.
[知识拓展]
as
mentioned
above
如上所述
be
(not)
worth
mentioning
(不)值得一提
Don't
mention
it.
不要客气，不用谢。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As
mentioned(mention)
above，the
function
of
the
device
is
wonderful.
②It's
no
big
deal；it's
not
even
worth
mentioning(mention)．
③Don't
mention
it．You
should
drink
some
water
and
go
to
lie
down.
shade
vt.
给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗
n.
阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
[教材原句P38]
Another
teacher
and
I
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there—first，up
a
mountain
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views，and
then
down
a
shaded
path
to
the
valley
below.
我和另一位老师走了两个半小时才到达那里——首先，我们爬上了一座山，从那里我们可以看到美妙的景色，然后沿着一条阴凉的小路走到下面的山谷。
[例1]
He
bought
a
green
shade.
他买了一个绿色灯罩。
[例2]
Store
the
bottle
of
medicine
in
the
shade.
把这瓶药放在阴凉处。
[造句] 我遮住眼睛以避阳光。
I
shaded
my
eyes
from
the
sun.
[知识拓展]
(1)in
the
shade
在阴凉处，阴暗处；默默无闻
put...
in
the
shade
使黯然失色；使相形见绌
a
shade
of
少许，微微
(2)shade
from
遮挡住
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We
were
completely
shaded
from
the
sun
by
the
poplar
trees.
②We
sat
down
in
the
shade
of
the
wall.
③A
shade
of
doubt
in
her
voice
made
me
afraid.
wrinkle
vt.&
vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹
[教材原句P38]
Tombe's
father，Mukap，a
man
with
a
strong
jaw
and
a
wrinkled
forehead，led
us
to
his
house.汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，是一个下巴结实，前额满是皱纹的男人，带我们去了他的家。
[例1]
Don't
wrinkle
the
carpet.
别弄皱地毯。
[例2]
Her
skin
was
still
without
a
wrinkle.
她的皮肤仍然没有皱纹。
[造句] 她的眼睛周围开始出现细细的皱纹。
Fine
wrinkles
started
to
appear
around
her
eyes.
[知识拓展]
(1)wrinkle
(up)
one's
forehead
皱起额头
wrinkle
with
age
老得皮肤皱起
(2)wrinkles
in
one's
face
脸上的皱纹
without
wrinkles/a
wrinkle
没有皱纹
(3)
wrinkled
adj.
有皱纹的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①His
face
was
wrinkled
with
age.
②A
little
old
woman
with
a
wrinkled(wrinkle)
face
as
brown
as
a
berry
told
us
our
fortunes
for
ten
pence.
③In
addition，sleep
has
been
shown
to
reduce
wrinkles
in
the
face
and
neck.
[小片段填空]
If
some
items
are
wrinkled，hang
them
in
the
bathroom
while
you
take
a
shower.Steam
the
wrinkles．(wrinkle)
ripe
adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
[教材原句P39]
He
then
placed
the
hot
stones
in
an
empty
oil
drum
with
kau
kau
(sweet
potato)，ripe
corn，and
greens.
然后，他把滚烫的石头放在一个空油桶里，里面放着考考(红薯)、成熟的玉米和青菜。
[例1]
Some
of
the
apples
were
not
quite
ripe.
一些苹果不太熟。
[例2]
The
time
was
ripe
to
talk
about
peace.
和谈的时机已经成熟。
[造句] 解决这个问题的时机已经成熟。
The
problem
is
ripe
for
settlement.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
ripe
for
……的时机成熟；准备就绪；
即可……；适于……
(2)ripen
vt.&
vi.
成熟，使成熟
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I'm
waiting
for
the
apples
to
ripen(ripe)．
②Often
you
do
not
notice
that
the
time
is
not
yet
ripe
for
it.
drag
vt.
拖；拽
vt.&
vi.缓慢而费力地移动
[教材原句P39]
My
muscles
were
aching
and
my
knees
shaking
as
we
dragged
ourselves
down
the
mountain
towards
home.
在我们下山回家的路上，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖。
[例1]
They
dragged
the
fallen
tree
clear
of
the
road.
他们把倒下的树从路上拖走。
[例2]
He
dragged
behind
the
others.
他在别人后面慢吞吞地走着。
[造句] 我每天都不得不迫使自己从床上爬起来。
I
have
to
drag
myself
out
of
bed
each
day.
[知识拓展]
drag
in
把……拉进来；硬把(某人)拉进(某事)
drag
on
拖延；使拖延；拖长(声调、字眼等)
drag
oneself
along
(慢吞吞地)拖着脚走
drag
up
拉上，拔出；故意提起(不愉快的往事)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①There
was
no
need
to
drag
up
the
time
he
spent
in
prison.
②The
children
are
so
busy
playing
that
they
don't
want
their
dinner；you'll
have
to
drag
them
in．
③The
meeting
dragged
on
for
more
than
two
hours.
Sentence
Patterns
before引导时间状语从句
[教材原句P38]
The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
a
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
out
of
the
test
tube
spilling
everywhere!
几天前，我正给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅得到处都是！
[句式分析]
句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“没来得及”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；以免；免得”之意。
[例1]
It
will
be
some
time
before
we
know
the
full
results.
还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。
[例2] The
magazine
was
snatched
from
my
hand
before
I
could
read
it.
我还没来得及看那期杂志，它就被从我手里抢走了。
[造句] 我每天睡觉前锻炼。
Every
day
I
exercise
before
I
go
to
sleep.
[知识拓展]
(1)“It
was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(2)“It
was
not
long
before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。
(3)“It
will
not
be
long
before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。
(4)“It
will
be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①If
you
miss
this
chance，it
will
be
years
before
you
get
another
one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
②It
won't
be
long
before
we
get
used
to
the
new
school
life.
不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。
③It
was
three
days
before
he
came
back.
过了三天他才回来。
④It
was
a
long
time
before
she
recovered
from
the
operation.
很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。
doubt
whether...
怀疑；不相信
[教材原句P38]
To
be
honest，I
doubt
whether
I'm
making
any
difference
to
these
boys'
lives
at
all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会对这些孩子的生活有所影响。
[句式分析]
句中doubt用作动词，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导。
[例1]
Everything
is
clear
now，no
one
would
doubt
what
will
be
done.
一切都很清楚，没有人对所要做的事怀疑。
[例2]
We
don't
doubt
that
he
can
do
a
good
job
of
it.
我们并不怀疑他能把这事做得很好。
[造句] 我怀疑杰克会不会驾驶帆船。
I
doubt
whether
Jack
could
manage
a
sailing
boat.
[知识拓展]
(1)There
is
(some)
doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会……”；there
is
no
doubt后常接that引导的从句，表示“对……毫不怀疑”。
(2)doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①There
is
no
doubt
that
more
and
more
people
prefer
shopping
online
nowadays.
②There
is
some
doubt
whether
he
will
pass
the
final
exam.
③I
doubt
whether/if
he
will
be
opposed
to
the
idea.＝
I
have
some
doubt
whether
he
will
be
opposed
to
the
idea.
我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。
④I
don't
doubt
that
my
daughter
will
have
a
bright
future.＝I
have
no
doubt
that
my
daughter
will
have
a
bright
future.
我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。
1．[教材原句P38]It
took
about
two
weeks
to
arrive，and
it
was
a
bit
damaged，but
it
was
so
nice
to
get
some
sweets
and
jam
from
home；I've
been
dying
to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail!
分析：句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，其中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语to
get
some
sweets
and
jam
from
home和to
get
mail。
译文：花了大约两周的时间才到达，虽然有点损坏，但能吃到家里的一些糖果和果酱还是很不错的。我总是非常想吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，所以收到邮件总是很愉快的！
2．[教材原句P38]There
is
no
equipment，and
since
there
isn't
even
a
washroom，if
I
need
water
I
have
to
carry
it
from
my
house
in
a
basin!
分析：句中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，since
there
isn't
even
a
washroom
为since引导的原因状语从句，if
I
need
water
为if引导的条件状语从句。
译文：这里没有任何设备，甚至连洗手间都没有，如果我需要水，我还得从家里用盆端过来！
教材
高考
1.I've
been
dying
to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail！
(2018·浙江卷)Who
leaves
a
voice
mail
message
rather
than
texts
you？
2.My
secondary
school
is
a
bush
school.
(2019·浙江卷)
However，uniforms
are
still
popular.Pupils
at
about
90
percent
of
British
secondary
schools
wear
uniforms.
3.It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
to
walk
to
school
down
a
dusty
track
covered
in
weeds.
(2019·天津卷)History
is
much
more
than
the
study
of
dusty
old
objects
and
events
long
past.
4.Unlike
students
in
our
country，these
boys
do
not
wear
cotton
uniforms，and
many
of
them
also
have
to
walk
a
long
way，sometimes
for
up
to
two
hours，just
to
get
to
school.
(2019·浙江卷)
There
are
several
reasons
why
school
uniforms
are
good
idea.
5.Such
housing
is
dark
inside
so
it
took
time
for
our
eyes
to
adjust.
(2019·浙江卷)Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A
postman
is
a
man
employed
to
deliver
letters
and
parcels
(parcel)．
2．Last
year，he
mailed(mail)
the
documents
to
French
journalists.
3．He
stood
and
dusted(dust)
down
his
suit
and
folded
the
letter
away.
4．They
are
all
uniform
in
size
and
shape.
5．Medical
opinion
varies
on
how
many
tablets
(tablet)
it
takes
to
overdose.
6．The
two
chemists
(chemist)
shared
the
Nobel
Prize.
7．I
did
indeed
look
older
and
more
wrinkled(wrinkle)
than
ever.
8．He
was
shaded
(shade)
from
the
sun
by
the
pure
white
royal
umbrella.
9．They
disapproved
of
my
dragging
(drag)
in
his
wealth.
10．The
play，whose
style
is
rigidly(rigid)
formal，is
typical
of
the
period.
Ⅱ.短语填空
a
chorus
of；not
to
mention；by
mail；a
shade
of；be
ripe
for
1．The
dampness
is
uncomfortable，not
to
mention
the
cold.
2．The
proposal
was
greeted
with
a
chorus
of
approval.
3．There
is
only
a
shade
of
difference
in
appearance
between
the
twins.
4．He
made
up
the
books
into
a
parcel
and
sent
it
to
his
friend
by
mail．
5．The
time
is
ripe
for
us
to
make
a
final
decision
on
this
project.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
I
work
at
a
bush
school
whose
classrooms
1.are
(be)
made
of
bamboo
and
grass.There's
no
2.electricity
(electric)
or
water
there.3.It
takes
many
of
the
students
about
two
hours
4.to
get
(get)
to
school.I
hope
to
make
some
difference
to
the
children's
5.lives(life)
by
teaching
them.The
other
day，another
teacher
and
I
visited
Tombe's
home.When
we
arrived
6.at
the
village，Tombe's
mother，who
7.saw(see)
us
coming，started
crying
“ieee
ieee”．Tombe's
father
led
us
to
his
house，a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
8.sticking
(stick)
out
of
the
roof，9.where
I
could
only
see
one
broom，a
few
saucers，a
kettle，cups，pans，and
a
couple
of
jars.That
night
we
slept
on
a
platform.We
left
the
village
the
next
morning
after
many
goodbyes
and
10.handshakes
(handshake)．
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
速读P38～39教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．It
was
so
nice
for
the
writer
to
get
a
parcel
from
home.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
classrooms
are
equipped
with
laptops
and
tablets.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Some
of
the
students
will
go
to
college
and
become
chemists.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Tombe
lives
in
a
village
that
is
far
away
from
the
school.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
writer
can
talk
to
the
family
in
their
local
language.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．to
walk
to
school
down
a
dusty
track
B．to
get
to
school
C．to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets
D．to
dry
out
the
leftover
food
E．to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family
F．to
be
too
rigid
about
rules
here
1．I've
been
dying
，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail!
2．It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
covered
in
weeds.
3．Unlike
students
in
our
country，these
boys
do
not
wear
cotton
uniforms，and
many
of
them
also
have
to
walk
a
long
way，sometimes
for
up
to
two
hours，just
.
4．It's
important
not
，too.
5．Tombe
told
me
that
the
can
was
heated
．
6．It
was
such
a
privilege
．
[答案] 1－6 CABFDE
Ⅲ.表格填空
VOLUNTEERING
IN
THE
BUSH
The
bush
school
◆The
classrooms
are
made
of
bamboo，with
1.clay
floors
and
roofs
of
grass.◆There's
no
2.electricity
，running
water
or
even
textbooks.◆There
is
no
experimental
3.equipment，and
not
even
a
washroom.
The
students
◆They
do
not
wear
4.cotton
uniforms，and
many
of
them
also
have
to
walk
a
long
way
just
to
get
to
school.◆They
have
no
concept
of
5.doing
experiments．◆Most
will
go
back
to
6.their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
Tombe
andhis
housing
◆He
is
one
of
our
students
and
lives
in
a
7.remote
village．◆His
house
is
a
low，round
8.bamboo
hut
with
no
windows，with
a
door
just
big
enough
to
get
through.◆The
only
9.possessions
were
one
broom，a
few
saucers，a
kettle，cups，pans，and
a
couple
of
jars.
The
family's
belief
◆Leftovers
attract
bad
spirits
in
the
night，so
any
leftover
food
is
10.dried
up
in
a
can
and
the
can
is
then
thrown
out
of
the
hut.
细读P38～39教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.67.Para.78.Para.8
A.The
hard
trip
to
Tombe's
village.B.The
learning
conditions
in
the
school.C.The
bush
school
for
local
students.D.Feeling
nice
to
get
mail.E.The
dinner
in
Tombe's
home.F.Their
belief
about
leftover
food.G.The
feeling
about
the
trip.H.Tombe's
housing.
[答案] 1－5 DCBAH 6－8 EFG
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．In
a
chemistry
experiment
the
boys
jumped
out
of
the
windows
because
they
．
A．were
frightened
by
the
bubbling
mixture
B．couldn't
stand
the
terrible
smell
of
the
mixture
C．didn't
like
doing
chemistry
experiments
D．knew
chemistry
was
not
relevant
to
them
2．Which
of
the
following
descriptions
is
NOT
right
about
Tombe's
house?
A．It
was
a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof.
B．It
was
dark
and
there
was
a
fireplace
in
the
centre
of
it.
C．It
was
round?shaped，with
small
windows
and
a
narrow
doorway.
D．There
were
only
a
few
possessions
in
it.
3．Why
does
the
writer
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
the
students?
A．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
is
too
difficult
to
learn.
B．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
may
make
little
difference
to
the
kids'
life.
C．Because
the
kids
there
hardly
come
across
anything
of
chemistry.
D．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
useless.
4．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A．Her
teaching
life
in
the
bush
school.
B．Her
learning
life
in
the
bush
school.
C．Her
way
of
teaching
the
poor
students.
D．Her
unforgettable
trip
in
the
small
village.
[答案] 1－4 ACBA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——人物心理活动
A．找出教材课文中含有表示人物心理活动的语句
1．I've
been
dying
to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail!
2．The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
a
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
out
of
the
test
tube
spilling
everywhere!
3．Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students—few
will
ever
become
chemists—most
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
4．To
be
honest，I
doubt
whether
I'm
making
any
difference
to
these
boys'
lives
at
all.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物心理活动的？
1．I
loved
listening
to
the
family
talking
softly
to
each
other
in
their
language，even
though
I
could
not
participate
much
in
the
conversation.
(是)
2．His
family
believes
that
leftovers
attract
bad
spirits
in
the
night，so
any
leftover
food
is
dried
up
in
a
can
and
the
can
is
then
thrown
out
of
the
hut.
(是)
3．We
left
the
village
the
next
morning
after
many
goodbyes
and
firm
handshakes.
(不是)
4．My
muscles
were
aching
and
my
knees
shaking
as
we
dragged
ourselves
down
the
mountain
towards
home.
(不是)
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
短语
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。
[观察例句]
1．So
I've
been
here
in
the
jungle
for
about
a
month
now.
2．My
secondary
school
is
a
bush
school.
3．It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
to
walk
to
school
down
a
dusty
track
covered
in
weeds.
4．I've
had
to
become
much
more
imaginative
in
my
teaching.
5．Right
now
I'm
feeling
very
excited.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体部分为介词短语。
2．例句2中的黑体部分为名词短语。
3．例句3中的黑体部分为动词短语。
4．例句4中的黑体部分为形容词短语。
5．例句5中的黑体部分为副词短语。
一、名词短语
名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成：限定词、修饰词、名词。名词短语可以充当句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分。
many
good
students
许多优秀的学生
his
beautiful
wife
他美丽的妻子
the
best
answer
最好的答案
those
sweet
roses
那些甜美的玫瑰
These
red
roses
are
for
you.(作主语)
这些红玫瑰是送给你的。
He
brought
a
new
book
with
him.(作宾语)
他带来了一本新书。
He
is
my
best
friend.(作表语)
他是我最好的朋友。
名词短语的三个部分并非每一次都要同时出现，在特定场合下，这三个部分都有可能省略。修饰词是名词短语中最不重要的部分，如果不需要描述名词的状态特征则完全可以省略。比如a
book同样是正确的名词短语。如果说话人确信听众知道自己在讨论什么东西，则名词也可以省略。比如Of
those
answers，this
one
is
the
best.这里的the
best指的就是the
best
answer。在面对面交流的时候，修饰词和名词有时甚至可以一起省略。假设你在花店，用手指向一捧玫瑰花，对花店老板说“I
want
those.”的话，花店老板很清楚你想要什么。
[即学即练1]
找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①I
have
three
close
friends.
three
close
friends作宾语
②There
are
some
red
roses
on
that
small
table.
some
red
roses作主语；that
small
table作宾语
③The
cute
boy
wearing
blue
jeans
is
my
brother.
the
cute
boy作主语；blue
jeans作宾语；my
brother作表语
二、形容词短语
形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
1．两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语。
Your
room
is
large
and
beautiful.(作表语)
你的房间大且美丽。
He
is
young
but
clever.(作表语)
他年轻但聪明。
2．very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
It
is
very
hot
today.(作表语)
今天很热。
The
road
is
long
enough.(作表语)
这路够长的。
3．介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
I
am
sure
of
success.(作表语)
我确信会成功的。
The
bottle
is
full
of
water.(作表语)
瓶子里装满了水。
4．不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
He
is
sure
to
come.(作表语)
他一定会来的。
[名师点津]
形容词短语在句中还可以作状语和后置定语。
1．形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充说明。
Afraid
of
difficulty，he
prefers
to
do
the
easy
maths
problem.(作原因状语)
他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。
The
lost
boy
spent
three
days
in
the
forest
cold
and
hungry.(作伴随状语)
那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。
Wet
or
fine，he
got
up
at
six
and
took
a
walk
in
the
park.(作让步状语)
不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。
2．形容词短语作后置定语
Factories，big
or
small，can
be
seen
there.
在那里你可以看到大大小小的工厂。
The
house
worth
is
500，000
yuan
was
sold
by
his
son.
那栋价值高达五十万人民币的房子被他儿子卖掉了。
[即学即练2]
找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①Glad
to
accept，the
girl
nodded
her
agreement.
glad
to
accept作原因状语
②The
room
was
awfully
dirty.
awfully
dirty作表语
③He
cast
it
a
second
time，and
drew
in
an
old
basket
full
of
sand.
full
of
sand作后置定语
三、副词短语
副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。
1．两个或多个副词可以由and，but等对等连词构成副词短语。
I
tried
again
and
again.(作状语)
我试了一遍又一遍。
2．very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。
He
runs
extremely
fast.(作状语)
他跑得快极了。
The
teacher
speaks
clearly
enough.(作状语)
老师说得够清楚的。
3．其他类型的副词短语
I
was
so
deeply
moved
by
his
deeds
that
I
couldn't
fall
asleep
deep
into
the
night.(作状语)
他的行为深深打动了我，在深夜我无法入睡。
We
air
the
bedrooms
every
day.(作状语)
我们每天给卧室通通风。
[即学即练3] 找出下列句中的副词短语
①He
can
finish
that
much
quicker.
much
quicker
②She
types
quickly
and
correctly.
quickly
and
correctly
③That
man
talked
too
much.
too
much
四、动词短语
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语的搭配可分为下列五种基本类型：
1．动词＋介词
go
over
复习，listen
to
听，think
about
考虑，look
for
寻找，rely/depend
on
依靠，look
into
调查，play
with
玩，send
for
派人去请，consist
of
由……构成，arrive
at
到达
He
wants
to
check
with
his
secretary
before
he
signs
the
paper.
在签署该项文件之前，他想跟他的秘书商议一下。
He
has
been
asked
to
account
for
his
absence.
他已被要求说明缺席的原因。
2．动词＋副词
eat
up
吃光，give
up
放弃，hold
up
举起，put
on
穿，上演，turn
on
打开，try
on
试穿
They
were
so
far
away
that
I
couldn't
make
out
their
faces
clearly.
他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。
Trains
stop
here
in
order
to
pick
up
passengers
only.
火车在这里停车，只让乘客上车。
[名师点津]
“动词＋副词”这类短语动词较容易出错。这类短语动词的宾语若是名词，这个宾语可在短语的中间，亦可在短语的后面。如：Turn
the
light
on.或
Turn
on
the
light.宾语若是代词，这个宾语只能放在短语的中间。如：Turn
it
on.
3．动词＋副词＋介词
catch
up
with
赶上，get
on
with
与……相处，keep
up
with
跟上，do
away
with
废除，look
down
upon
轻视，look
forward
to
期待，keep
away
with
脱离，go
on
with
继续
Have
the
lawyers
checked
up
on
the
court
proceedings
very
carefully?
律师们是否打算把法庭的记录仔细审查一遍呢？
There
are
some
things
that
teachers
will
not
put
up
with.
有些事情教师是不会容忍的。
4．动词＋名词＋介词
catch
hold
of
抓住，give
lessons
to
给……上课，make
friends
with
与……交朋友，take
care
of
照料
We
must
keep
pace
with
the
new
development
of
modern
scientific
research.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
People
who
take
part
in
sports
must
be
in
condition.
参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。
5．动词＋形容词＋介词
be
fond
of
爱好，be
familiar
with
熟悉，be
suitable
for
适合于，be
late
for
迟到，be
good
at
擅长于，be
afraid
of
害怕
Others
may
be
fond
of
titles
and
honors，but
I
am
not.
人皆好名，我则不然。
You
coward!
What
are
you
afraid
of?
你这胆小鬼！你怕什么呢？
[即学即练4] 找出下列句中的动词短语
①I
don't
get
on
with
the
people
at
work.
get
on
with
②I
don't
much
care
for
television.
care
for
③I'm
afraid
I'll
have
to
ring
off.Someone
is
calling
me.
ring
off
五、介词短语
介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。
1．常见的介词短语
(1)介词＋名词：at
the
door，into
the
bag
(2)介词＋代词：for
me，of
others
(3)介词＋动名词：in
doing
so，to
my
saying
that
(4)介词＋连接副词/连接代词/what从句：over
what
he
had
better
do
(5)介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋不定式：on
how
to
do
this
(6)介词＋介词短语：from
across
the
street，until
after
dinner
(7)介词＋副词：from
below
(8)介词＋复合结构：with
the
light
on
(9)介词＋不定式(but/except)：...did
nothing
but
sleep
2．介词短语的用法
(1)用作表语
The
house
is
in
fairly
good
condition.
这所房子状况尚好。
She
looks
like
her
mother.
她像她母亲。
(2)用作宾语
Choose
a
book
from
among
these.
从这些书中选一本吧。
The
window
is
never
opened
except
in
summer.
除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。
(3)用作定语
I
like
the
design
on
his
tie.
我喜欢他领带上的图案。
I've
decided
to
leave
on
the
afternoon
of
the
18th.
我决定18号下午离开。
(4)用作状语
Mr
Smith
was
injured
in
the
war.
史密斯先生在战争期间受过伤。
He
walked
by
me
without
noticing
me.
他从我身旁走过而没有注意到我。
(5)用作补语
Kelly
is
employed
as
a
mechanic.(宾语补足语)
凯利受雇当技工。
He
is
regarded
as
the
best
doctor
in
town.(主语补足语)
他被认为是本城最好的医生。
[即学即练5] 找出下列句中的介词短语
①A
man
stepped
out
from
behind
the
wall.
from
behind
the
wall
②Change
the
oil
in
the
car
every
5，000
miles.
in
the
car
③I
saw
him
walking
along
the
street.
along
the
street
Ⅰ.指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语
1．The
kids
are
playing
on
the
grass
rather
happily.
副词短语
2．They
picnicked
in
the
woods.
介词短语
3．I
won't
go
home
until
after
the
exam.
介词短语
4．It
was
no
surprise
when
we
were
told
that
our
grandfather
had
passed
away.
名词短语
5．Do
you
know
the
reason
why
the
automobile
breaks
down？
动词短语
6．At
last，the
police
found
out
the
car
full
of
drugs.
形容词短语
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I
can
run
fast
enough
to
catch
you
at
least.
我跑得足够快，至少能抓到你。
2．I
know
he
is
slow
at
understanding，but
you
have
to
be
patient
with
him．
我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。
3．Did
you
do
this
by
design
or
by
accident?
你这样做是有意的还是无意的？
4．This
is
an
article
worthy
of
careful
study．
这是一篇很值得研究的文章。
5．They
need
more
materials
relevant
to
the
present
question．
他们需要更多的和目前问题有关的资料。
PAGEUNIT
4
SHARING
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.parcel
A．n.棉布；棉花
( )2.cotton
B．n.平板电脑；便笺本；药片
( )3.tablet
C．n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
( )4.rubber
D．adj.死板的；固执的
( )5.rigid
E．n.包裹vt.裹好；打包
( )6.circus
F．n.住房；住宅
( )7.housing
G．n.平台；站台；舞台
( )8.platform
H．n.巡回；环形线路
( )9.circuit
I．n.标准；准则；原则
( )10.criterion
J．n.马戏团
[答案] 1－5 EABCD 6－10 JFGHI
b．短语匹配
( )1.a
chorus
of
A．更不用说；且不说
( )2.not
to
mention
B．认为……是理所当然；
对……不予重视
( )3.take
for
granted
C．齐声；异口同声
( )4.relay
to
D．但愿
( )5.pray
that
E．转达给……；转发给……
[答案] 1－5 CABED
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．mail
n．
邮件；信件；邮政
vt.
邮寄；发电邮给
2．dust
n.
沙土；灰尘
vi.&
vt.
擦灰
3．chorus
n.
合唱曲；合唱团
vt.
合唱；齐声说
4．uniform
n.
校服；制服
adj.
一致的；统一的
5．chemist
n.
化学家；药剂师；药房
6．shade
vt.
给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；
把……涂暗
n.
阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
7．wrinkle
vt.&
vi.
(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起
n.
皱纹
8．ripe
adj.
成熟的；时机成熟的
9．drag
vt.
拖；拽
vt.&
vi.
缓慢而费力地移动
10．plug
vt.
封堵；补足
n.
堵塞物；插头；插座
11．disabled
adj.
有残疾的；丧失能力的
12．resign
vi.&vt.
辞职；辞去
13．deserve
vt.
值得；应得；应受
14．input
n.
情况；信息；投入；输入
vt.
输入
15．tune
n.
曲调；曲子
vt.
调音；调节；调频道
16．contract
vt.
感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契
约)
n.
合同；契约
17．relay
vt.
转发；转播
n.
接力赛；接班的人
18．pray
vi.&
vt.
企盼；祈祷
19．disability
n.
缺陷；障碍
20．stability
n.
稳定(性)；稳固(性)
Ⅰ.语境填词
chemist；mail；uniform；dust；drag；wrinkle；shade；resign；deserve；plug
1．Air
mail
is
quicker
than
sea
mail.
2．I
broke
the
vase
I
had
been
dusting．
3．Soldiers，policemen，and
nurses
wear
uniforms．
4．Two
chemists
were
talking
shop，and
I
hardly
understood
a
word
they
said.
5．She
was
trying
to
shade
the
face
of
the
man
in
the
picture.
6．He
noticed
a
wrinkle
in
her
stocking.
7．The
bottom
of
her
long
dress
dragged
in
the
dust.
8．She
pulled
out
the
plug
of
the
bathtub.
9．He
resigned
his
directorship
and
left
the
firm.
10．He
deserves
a
reward
for
his
efforts.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He
spent
his
weekends
walking
around
dusty(dust)
old
bookshops.
2．They
are
living
in
good
housing
(house)
conditions.
3．No
matter
what
the
reason
for
the
disability(disable)
a
disabled(disable)
person's
self?esteem
will
often
be
improved
by
diving.
4．There
are
fears
for
the
political
stability
(stable)
of
the
area.
1．I've
been
dying
to
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail!
我总是非常想吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，所以收到邮件总是很愉快的！
2．When
I
reach
the
school
grounds，I'm
greeted
by
a
chorus
of
“good
morning”
from
the
boys.
当我到达学校时，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。
3．There's
no
electricity，running
water
or
even
textbooks，not
to
mention
laptops，tablets，or
other
modern
devices!
那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备了！
4．To
be
honest，I
doubt
whether
I'm
making
any
difference
to
these
boys'
lives
at
all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子们的生活有所改变。
5．It
was
such
a
privilege
to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family.
和汤贝一家人度过了一天，真是荣幸。
词语助读
①get
a
parcel
from
home收到家里寄来的包裹
②be
a
bit
damaged有点损坏
③jam
n．果酱
④be
dying
to
do...非常想要做某事
⑤get
mail收到邮件
⑥secondary
school中学
⑦be
made
of用……造成
⑧clay
n．黏土
⑨down
a
dusty
track沿着尘土飞扬的小路
⑩covered
in
weeds杂草丛生
?a
chorus
of
齐声；异口同声
?wear
cotton
uniforms穿棉校服
?up
to
two
hours长达两小时
?running
water自来水
?not
to
mention
laptops更不用说笔记本电脑
?tablet
n．平板电脑
?rubber
n.
橡皮
?adapt
to适应
?have
no
concept
of对……没有概念
?washroom
n．洗手间；厕所
be
rigid
about对……死板
the
other
day几天前
bubble
vi.
起泡；沸腾
the
test
tube试管
circus
n．马戏团
come
across偶然遇见
be
relevant
to与……相关
chemist
n．化学家；药剂师
to
be
honest说实话
make
any
difference
to对……有影响
make
my
first
visit
to我第一次去访问
two
and
a
half
hours两个半小时
fantastic
views美景
down
a
shaded
path沿着一条阴凉的小路
the
valley
below下面的山谷
shake
hands
with和……握手
be
related
to与……有亲缘关系
with
a
strong
jaw
and
a
wrinkled
forehead下巴结实，前额满是皱纹
a
low，round
bamboo
hut一间低矮的圆圆的竹屋
get
through通过
stick
out伸出
housing
n．住房；住宅
platform
n.
平台
fireplace
n.
壁炉
in
the
centre
of在……的中央
a
few
saucers几个茶碟
kettle
n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
a
couple
of
jars几个罐子
ripe
corn成熟的玉米
smell
delicious闻起来很香
participate
in参加
upside
down颠倒着
on
the
grill在烤架上
doorway
n．门口；门道
dry
out
the
leftover
food把吃剩的食物烧干
bad
spirits邪灵
dry
up烧干；使干涸
firm
handshakes紧紧握手
drag
vt.拖；拽
a
privilege一种殊荣
原文呈现
VOLUNTEERING
IN
THE
BUSH
8
March
I
just
got
a
parcel
from
home①！
It
took
about
two
weeks
to
arrive，and
it
was
a
bit
damaged②，but
it
was
so
nice
to
get
some
sweets
and
jam③
from
home；I've
been
dying
to④
have
some
of
my
favourite
sweets，and
it's
always
nice
to
get
mail⑤！(1)
(1)句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，其中and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
So
I've
been
here
in
the
jungle
for
about
a
month
now.My
secondary
school⑥
is
a
bush
school.The
classrooms
are
made
of⑦
bamboo，with
clay⑧
floors
and
roofs
of
grass.It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
to
walk
to
school
down
a
dusty
track⑨
covered
in
weeds⑩(2)．When
I
reach
the
school
grounds(3)，I'm
greeted
by
a
chorus
of?
“good
morning”
from
the
boys.Unlike
students
in
our
country，these
boys
do
not
wear
cotton
uniforms?，and
many
of
them
also
have
to
walk
a
long
way，sometimes
for
up
to
two
hours?，just
to
get
to
school.
(2)过去分词短语作名词track的后置定语。
(3)when引导时间状语从句。
There's
no
electricity，running
water?
or
even
textbooks，not
to
mention
laptops?，tablets?，or
other
modern
devices!
All
the
students
have
are
pencils，rubbers?，and
paper.I'm
still
trying
to
adapt
to?
these
conditions.I've
had
to
become
much
more
imaginative
in
my
teaching.Science
is
my
most
challenging
subject
as
my
students
have
no
concept
of?
doing
experiments(4)．There
is
no
equipment，and
since
there
isn't
even
a
washroom?，if
I
need
water
I
have
to
carry
it
from
my
house
in
a
basin！(5)
It's
important
not
to
be
too
rigid
about
rules
here，too.The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
a
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
out
of
the
test
tube
spilling
everywhere！(6)
The
class
became
a
circus
as
the
boys，who
had
never
come
across
anything
like
this
before(7)，started
jumping
out
of
the
windows.Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students(8)—few
will
ever
become
chemists—and
most
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.To
be
honest，I
doubt
whether
I'm
making
any
difference
to
these
boys'
lives
at
all(9)．
(4)as引导原因状语从句。
(5)句中since引导原因状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。
(6)句中when引导时间状语从句，其中before
I
knew
it也是时间状语从句，现在分词短语spilling
everywhere作结果状语。
(7)who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词boys。
(8)how引导宾语从句。
(9)whether引导宾语从句。
17
April
Last
weekend
I
made
my
first
visit
to
a
remote
village，home
to
one
of
our
students，Tombe.Another
teacher
and
I
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there—first，up
a
mountain
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views(10)，and
then
down
a
shaded
path
to
the
valley
below.When
we
arrived
at
the
village，Tombe's
mother(11)，Kiak，saw
us
coming
and
started
crying
“ieee
ieee”．We
shook
hands
with
all
the
villagers.Everyone
seemed
to
be
related
to
Tombe.
(10)from
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
mountain。
(11)when引导时间状语从句。
Tombe's
father，Mukap，a
man
with
a
strong
jaw
and
a
wrinkled
forehead，led
us
to
his
house，a
low，round
bamboo
hut
with
no
windows，with
a
door
just
big
enough
to
get
through，and
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof—this
shows
it
is
a
man's
house(12)．Such
housing
is
dark
inside
so
it
took
time
for
our
eyes
to
adjust.Fresh
grass
had
been
laid
on
the
floor
and
there
was
a
platform
for
Jenny
and
me
to
sleep
on.There
was
a
fireplace
in
the
centre
of
the
hut.The
only
possessions
I
could
see(13)
were
one
broom，a
few
saucers，a
kettle，cups，pans，and
a
couple
of
jars.
(12)省略that的宾语从句。
(13)省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。
Mukap
built
a
fire
outside
and
laid
stones
on
it
to
heat.He
then
placed
the
hot
stones
in
an
empty
oil
drum
with
kau
kau
(sweet
potato)，ripe
corn，and
greens.He
then
covered
the
vegetables
with
banana
leaves
and
left
them
to
steam.It
smelled
delicious.We
ate
inside
the
hut
sitting
round
the
fire.I
loved
listening
to
the
family
talking
softly
to
each
other
in
their
language，even
though
I
could
not
participate
much
in
the
conversation(14)．Luckily，Tombe
interpreted
for
us.
(14)even
though引导让步状语从句。
Later，I
noticed
a
can
standing
upside
down
on
the
grill
over
the
fire.After
a
while，Tombe
threw
it
out
of
the
doorway.Tombe
told
me
that
the
can
was
heated
to
dry
out
the
leftover
food
(15)．His
family
believes
that
leftovers
attract
bad
spirits
in
the
night(16)，so
any
leftover
food
is
dried
up
in
a
can
and
the
can
is
then
thrown
out
of
the
hut.
(15)that引导宾语从句。
(16)that引导宾语从句。
We
left
the
village
the
next
morning
after
many
goodbyes
and
firm
handshakes.My
muscles
were
aching
and
my
knees
shaking
as
we
dragged
ourselves
down
the
mountain
towards
home(17)．That
evening
I
fell
happily
into
bed.It
was
such
a
privilege
to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family.(18)
(17)as引导时间状语从句。
(18)it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family。
译文参考
丛林志愿者
3月8日
我刚收到家里寄来的一个包裹！
花了大约两周的时间才到达，虽然有点损坏，但能吃到家里的一些糖果和果酱还是很不错的。我总是非常想吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，所以收到邮件总是很愉快的！
我已经在丛林里待了大约一个月了。我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。教室是用竹子搭起来的，地面是粘土，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只需几分钟就能走到学校，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。当我到达学校时，迎接我的是男孩子们异口同声“早上好”的声音。不像我们国家的学生，这些男孩不穿棉校服。为了上学，他们中的许多人还得走很长的路，有时要走两个小时才能到学校。
那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备！
所有的学生有的是铅笔、橡皮和纸。我还在努力适应这儿的生活条件。在教学中我不得不变得更富有想象力。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。这里没有任何设备，甚至连洗手间都没有，如果我需要水，我还得从家里用盆端过来！
对这里的规则不要太死板也很重要。几天前，我正给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅得到处都是！
课堂变成了马戏团，那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。有时我想知道化学和这些学生有什么关系——几乎没有人会成为化学家——大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会对这些孩子们的生活有所影响。
4月17日
上周末，我第一次去访问了一个偏远的村庄，那是我们的学生汤贝的家。我和另一位老师走了两个半小时才到达那里——首先，我们爬上了一座山，从那里我们可以看到美妙的景色，然后沿着一条阴凉的小路走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄时，汤贝的妈妈齐亚克看到我们来了，开始“嗳矣，嗳矣”
地叫了起来。我们和所有的村民握手。每个人似乎都是汤贝的亲戚。
汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，是一个下巴结实，前额满是皱纹的男人，带我们去了他的家，那是一间低矮的圆圆的竹屋，没有窗户，只有一扇勉强能通过的门，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它代表这间竹屋是男人住的。这样的房子里面很暗，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵子才适应过来。地上摆放着新鲜的草，还有一个平台，是供詹妮和我睡觉用的。小屋的中央有一个火炉。我能看到的家具只是一把扫帚、几个茶碟、一个水壶、杯子、平底锅，还有几个罐子。
莫卡普在屋子外面生了一堆火，并在上面放了一些石头来烧热。然后，他把滚烫的石头放在一个空油桶里，里面放着考考(红薯)、成熟的玉米和青菜。然后他用香蕉叶把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。食物闻起来很香。我们在房里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。我很喜欢听他们用自己的语言轻声交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
后来，我发现有一个罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。这家人认为，剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把任何剩下的食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子一起扔到屋外去。
第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。在我们下山回家的路上，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。和汤贝一家人度过了一天，真是荣幸。
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