高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修二Unit2 Be sporty be healthy单元考点归纳

Unit2 Be sporty be healthy单元考点归纳
【衍生词汇】
1．announce vt.宣告，宣布；通知→announcement n．宣告，口头通知
2．congratulate vt.祝贺，恭喜→congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜，贺辞
3．equip vt.装备，配备→equipment n．装备，配备，设备
4．injure vt.&vi.伤害，损伤→injury n．伤害，损伤
5．tend vi.&vt.往往会，趋向；照看→tendency n．倾向，趋势
【一词多义】
1．assume vt.假定，认为；承担；呈现
①Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 假定
②It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.
认为
③The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare. 承担
④This matter has assumed very importance. 呈现

2．average n．平均水平；平均值 adj.平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的
①The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%. 平均的
② It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed. 平均值
③I was just an average sort of student. 一般的，普通的
④Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people. 典型的

3．tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看
①When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes. 往往会
②Prices have tended downwards over recent years. 趋向
③We saw a shepherd tending his sheep. 照看
【核心词汇短语用法归纳】
admit vt.&vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入
(教材P25)After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi.
然而，第一节太极课后我不得不承认我错了。
[例1]　You must admit the task to be difficult.
你们得承认任务是艰巨的。
[例2]　It was generally admitted that the government had acted too quickly.
普遍认为，政府行动过急。
[造句]　 我永不会忘记入党的那一天。
I shall never forget the day when I was admitted into/to the Party.
[归纳拓展]
(1)admit doing/having done/that ...
　　　　　　　 承认……
admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物是……
(2)be admitted to 被接纳进入；被录取到……
(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①No one can get the admission(admit) to the museum without a ticket.
②Dana admitted feeling(feel) hurt by what I had said.
③The man admitted(admit) having stolen the old computer.
④His son was admitted(admit) to a key university.

announce vt. 宣告，宣布；通知
(教材P20)We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴地宣布：社区体育中心将很快对大众再次开放！
[例1]　We are pleased to announce that all five players were successful.
我们高兴地宣布5位运动员都成功了。
[例2]　It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
据宣布，屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。
[造句]　门铃一响就知道是杰克到了。
A ring at the doorbell announced Jack's arrival.
[归纳拓展]
(1)announce vt.　　　 宣布；通告
announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣告某事
announce that... 宣布……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 宣布；通告；声明
make an announcement 下通知；宣布
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The leader is making an important announcement(announce) at the moment.
②It was announced(announce) that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
③The government yesterday announced to the media that it plans to create a million new jobs.
④She made an announcement after talks with the president.

assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)
(教材P16)Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for your body and mind―but what exactly are its health benefits?
大多数人认为经常锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？
[例1]　In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.
在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。
[例2]　They assumed her (to be) the best singer of their time.
他们认为她是他们那个时代最好的歌唱家。
[造句]　 人们认为这可能是最佳的解决办法。
It is assumed that this is the best possible solution.
[归纳拓展]
(1)assume v．　 假定；设想；承担；假装
assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
on the assumption that... 假定……
make an assumption 作出假设
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Your argument is based on a completely false assumption(assume)．
②It is generally assumed(assume) that stress is caused by too much work.
③As far as I'm concerned，a great many people made an assumption that he was right.
④We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.

average adj.平均的，普通的，平常的
n．平均数，平均水平 v．计算出……的平均数
(教材P17)In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.
一般来说，你应该在用餐平均1.5到2.5小时后再进行锻炼。
[例1]　Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.
弗雷德是一个普通的学生，但不是个普通人。
[例2]　The average of 4，5 and 9 is 6.
4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。
[造句]　 我们平均每天接到二十个电话。
We received 20 calls a day on average.
[归纳拓展]
on average　　　 平均起来
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
up to (the) average 达到平均水平
an average of... 平均有(后跟数词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is working hard and his grade is above the average in his class.
②On average，men smoke more cigarettes than women.
③The age of the candidates ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37.
④The average age of the boys in this class is(be) fifteen.

congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜
(教材P16)You want to start doing exercise？Congratulations! 你想开始锻炼吗？祝贺你！
[例1]　Please give him my congratulations when you see him.
请见到他时转达我的祝贺。
[例2]　Congratulations on your exam results!
祝贺你考出了好成绩！
[造句]　 恭喜你在英语考试中取得成功。
Congratulations to you on your success in the English examination.
[归纳拓展]
(1)congratulation n．　 祝贺；(复数)贺词
congratulations to sb.on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
offer/express one's congratulations to sb.
向某人表示祝贺
(2)congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulate sb.on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Congratulate you on passing(pass) the driving exam.
②—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
—Congratulations (congratulate)！That's good news.
③I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of Chinese speech contest.
④He has passed the exam and I'll express my congratulations(congratulation) to him.
[明辨异同]　congratulate，celebrate
congratulate 意为“祝贺”，是用语言表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面用介词on连接，即congratulate sb.on sth.。
celebrate 意为“庆祝，庆贺”，指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语。
[小片段填空]
An old couple is ①celebrating their 20th wedding anniversary.I think I should offer my ②congratulations to them，so I come up and ③congratulate them on their marriage.Much to my joy, they accepted my sincere ④congratulations happily.(celebrate/congratulate)

equipment n．配备，装备
(教材P17)To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.
为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。
[例1]　What kind of equipment should you use?
你应该使用哪种设备呢？
[例2]　The equipment of the studio was expensive.
这个工作室的装备花费巨大。
[造句]　 他们需要用到的设备是否已经到位？
Do they have the equipment they need?
[归纳拓展]
(1)equipment n．　 [U]设备；装备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
(2)equip vt. 装备；使有能力
equip...with... 用……装备……
equip sb.for (doing) sth. 使某人为(做)某事而准备，
使某人具备做某事的条件
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You must try to equip yourself with enough knowledge.
②A lot of new equipment has been sent(send) to that area so far.
③The company has decided to buy some modern equipment(equip)．
④Equipped(equip) with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain.
[小片段填空]
The course is designed to ①equip students for going camping，so the boys ②equipped themselves with food and water and then set off.③Equipped with some modern ④equipment, the boys headed for the forest happily.(equip)

hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
(教材P25)When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated.
当朋友第一次建议我们加入学校的太极拳俱乐部时，我犹豫不决。
[例1]　Still，she hesitated.She didn't think she knew it well enough.
她仍旧在犹豫。她认为自己对它了解的不够。
[例2]　A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.
几个学生犹豫着要不要开始，他们等着看其他同学怎么做。
[造句]　我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
[归纳拓展]
(1)hesitate to do sth.　　 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.
毫不犹豫地做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He jumped into the river to save the drowning child without hesitation(hesitate)．
②If you have questions, don't hesitate to ask(ask) us for help.
③I hesitated about taking his side until I knew the whole story.
④He had no hesitation in accepting(accept) the invitation.

inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生
(教材P25)Just as importantly, practicing tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it.
跟练太极同等重要的是，它激励我去探索太极背后的中国文化。
[例1]　We need someone who can inspire the team.
我们需要一位能激励团队的人。
[例2]　The actors hope to inspire the children to work hard for their dreams.
这些演员希望鼓舞孩子们为了梦想而努力学习。
[造句]　 我们应启发儿童思考。
We should inspire the children to think.
[归纳拓展]
(1)inspire sb.to do sth.　 激励某人去做某事
inspire sb.with sth. 使产生(某种感觉或情感)
(2)inspired adj. 受鼓舞的，受启发的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发人心的
(3)inspiration n. 灵感，启发
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He inspired many young people to take(take) up the sport.
②She was a very strong, impressive character and one of the most inspiring(inspire) people I've ever met.
③Hearing the inspiring(inspire) news，the children jumped with joy.
④His speech really made the people present feel inspired(inspire)．

lack n．&vi.&vt.缺乏，短缺；没有，不足
(教材P19)Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.其他人在周末锻炼几个小时以弥补他们在工作日缺乏的锻炼。
[例1]　He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about.
他说他们不缺话题谈。
[例2]　Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。
[造句]　他缺乏信心。
He lacks confidence.
[归纳拓展]
(1)for lack of　　 由于缺少……
(2)be lacking in 缺少……
(3)lack for sth. 没有……，缺少……
(4)a lack of 缺乏……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The boy didn't go to school for lack of money.
②Lacking(lack) in money，the boy didn't go to school.
③She lacks/lacked(lack) the money to buy new shoes.
④You can't be successful when there is a lack of trust in a relationship.

make up for弥补，补偿
(教材P17)Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.
记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补因出汗流失的水分。
[例1]　Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions.
工资的增长并不总能够弥补恶劣的工作环境的不足。
[例2]　But I made up for it in the evening.
可是到了晚上我就补回来了。
[造句]　 她决定更加努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
She decided to work harder to make up for the lost time.
[归纳拓展]
make up　 构成，组成；占；铺床；化妆；
弥补；和解；编造
be made up of 由……组成
make it 准时到达；获得成功
make out 分辨；理解，明白
make a difference 有影响，起作用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I could just make out a figure in the darkness.
②I'm sorry I won't be able to make it．
③The group made(make) up of thirty girls is very popular here.

prevent vt.阻止，阻碍
(教材P17)To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.
为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。
[例1]　We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening.
我们意识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施阻止它发生。
[例2]　Nothing would prevent against injustice.
什么都不能阻止鸣不平。
[造句]　这次事故本来是可以防止的。
The accident could have been prevented.
[归纳拓展]
prevent...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.from doing sth.；keep sb./sth.from doing sth.，from不可以省略。
注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Lynn's parents tried to stop her seeing(see) him.
②No one can prevent this plan from being carried(carry) out.
③We were prevented from going on by the heavy rain，but we didn't lose heart.

range n．(变动或浮动的)范围；区间；界限；一系列 v．(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
(教材P17)Flexibility training，including gymnastics and tai chi，helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement.
体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于拉伸肌肉，加大身体活动范围。
[例1]　There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
[例2]　His lecture ranged over a number of topics.
他的讲座涉及许多话题。
[造句]　它们的价格在$3到$15之间变化。
They range in price from $3 to $15.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a wide range of　 一系列……
within/in the range of 在……范围内
beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的
(2)range from ...to... 在……范围内变动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.
③When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.
④I have a wide range of hobbies(hobby), including reading, keeping diary, playing balls with friends and so on.

replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
(教材P20)In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。
[例1]　When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.
当所有那些做完之后，路面被换掉了。
[例2]　The desk was broken，so we replaced it with/by a new one.
桌子坏了，所以我们换了一张新的。
[造句]　 我将代替你们的老师给你们上课。
I will replace your teacher to give lessons to you.
[归纳拓展]
replace...with/by...　 用……替换……
replace ...as ... 取代……而成为……
take the place of＝take one's place 代替；替代
in place of 代替
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack has replaced Tom as monitor of our class.
②It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
③Nylon is widely used in place of cotton nowadays.
④I am sure that no one can take the place of you in my life.

satisfaction n．满意；满足，达到
(教材P26)With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved……
让我欣慰的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡性和灵活性慢慢有所改善……
[例1]　The company is trying to improve customer satisfaction.
公司力图改进，让顾客更加满意。
[例2]　He had the satisfaction of seeing his book become a best?seller.
看到自己的作品成了畅销书，他志得意满。
[造句]　 回顾自己的事业，她深感欣慰。
She looked back on her career with great satisfaction.
[归纳拓展]
(1)in/with satisfaction 满意地
to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是
(2)satisfy v. 使满意，使满足；满足(需求、需要等)
satisfy/meet one's needs/demands
满足某人的需要/要求
(3)satisfied adj. 感到满意的
be satisfied with... 对(做)……感到满意
(4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Much to his satisfaction，all his students passed the exam yesterday.
②One shouldn't be satisfied (satisfy) with only a little success.
③My parents always try to satisfy my needs(need)．
④It's satisfying(satisfy) to play a game really well.

tend vi.往往会，倾向 vt.照看
(教材P16)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.
事实也证明，经常运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。
[例1]　We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.
我们往往每周共进一次午餐。
[例2]　Doctors and nurses tended the injured.
医生和护士照料受伤者。
[造句]　 她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。
She is tending (to) her sick mother at home.
[归纳拓展]
(1)tend to do...　 倾向于做……
tend towards sth. 趋于，倾向于
(2)tendency n. 趋势，倾向性
have a tendency to do... 倾向于做……
(3)tend (to) sb. 照料，照管
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She has a strong natural tendency(tend) towards caution.
②Women tend to live(live)longer than men.
③His view tends(tend) towards the extreme.
④She tends to get(get) angry when you disagree with her.

no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪
(教材P25)No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long?standing practice of imitating animals.
难怪一些太极拳动作以动物的名字命名——中国武术有着长久的模仿动物的训练。
[例1]　No wonder you can't find anybody here，they're all away at a meeting.
难怪你找不到人，他们都开会去了。
[例2]　No wonder you have those colors on your hair.
难怪在你的头发上有那些颜色。
[造句]　 人们对怎样吃各有意见就不足为奇了。
It is no wonder (that) people have strong opinions about how to eat.
[归纳拓展]
(1)no wonder (that)...是It is no wonder (that)...的省略说法，表示“难怪……”。
in wonder惊讶地
It is a wonder (that)...真想不到，令人惊奇的是……
(2)There's no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There's no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义
There's no need to do sth. 没必要做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There's no point in arguing (argue) with him.
②There is no need to worry(worry) about your son—he's fine.
③We all doubt whether/if John will come on time.
④It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the tall building.
【长难句解析】
1．(教材P16) Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school!
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。句中show后面的that引导宾语从句，其中meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school为现在分词结构作状语， 而且meaning后也是省略了连词that的宾语从句。
[译文]　一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着实际上你可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！

2．(教材P17)When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.
[分析]　此句为主从复合句。其中，when引导时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。
[译文]　制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
【核心句型】
of＋抽象名词
(教材P17)When to eat is also of great importance．
何时吃饭也很重要。
[句式分析]
“of ＋抽象名词＝形容词”可用于说明主语的性质。常见的有use, value, help, importance等。
[例1]　I regard this as of great importance.
我认为这个很重要。
[例2]　The work I am doing is not of much value.
我正在做的工作没有什么价值。
[造句]　 他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
They are of great help to the learners of English.
[归纳拓展]
(1)为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名词前面可用little, some, any no, great, not much等修饰。
(2)有的可用同根形容词代替，如importance/important, use/useful, value/valuable等。
(3)of后可接age, color, size, height, opinion等名词，表示主语的类别特征，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。
[翻译1]　The Nobel Prize is of great importance (很重要)to Chinese medicine.
[翻译2]　These flowers are of different colors(颜色都不同)．
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The arrival of canals was of great value to many industries.
②His speech is of little significance(significant)．
③He is of the same weight as his brother.
④I don't want to hear what you are saying.It is of no interest to me.

to do...作后置定语
(教材P17)When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.
制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
[句式分析]
句中不定式to consider作定语，修饰the first thing，与the first thing之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
[例1]　Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.
屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
[例2]　He is among the best students to do the experiment.
他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。
[造句]　 他每天总是最后一个来。
He is always the last one to come every day.
[归纳拓展]
(1)当被修饰词前有the next, the only, the last，the very等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有：
①抽象名词time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[翻译1]　It was the first play to win(它是赢得……的第一部戏剧)all the three of these major awards.
[翻译2]　The next thing to do (下一步要做的事情)is to relax yourself completely.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to know(know)．
②The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
③I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month.
④She has only a little room to live in．

It has been proven that...句式
(教材P16)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.
事实也证明，经常运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。
[句式分析]
本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”，其中that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
[例1]　It is believed that global warming is due to human activities.
人们相信，全球变暖归因于人类的活动。
[例2]　It is reported that one?third of citizens plan to buy a car.
据报道，三分之一的市民打算买车。
[造句]　 据说大多数学生赞成他的建议。
It is said that most of the students support his suggestion.
[归纳拓展]
(1)常用于此结构的句型有：
It is believed that... 据认为……
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is thought that... 大家认为……
It is well?known that... 众所周知……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
(2)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”可以改写为：从句主语＋be＋done＋不定式(即sb.is said/believed/reported to do/to be doing/ to have done...)或者People say/believe/...that...
[翻译1]　It is said that(据说)he has been to Japan.
[翻译2]　It is suggested(有人建议) that the meeting should be put off.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is hoped(hope) that the air in this city will become much cleaner.
②His son is said to be studying(study) in a foreign country now.
③He is/was thought(think) to be the greatest person in the world.
④It is hoped that they can pass the written examination this time.