过去完成时
[观察例句]
观察下列句子，指出黑体部分所属的时态。
1．By
the
time
he
was
14，Mozart
had
composed
many
pieces
for
the
harpsichord，piano
and
violin，as
well
as
for
orchestras.
一般过去时；过去完成时
2．After
they
had
known
each
other
for
many
years，Beethoven
said，“He
is
a
good
composer，but
he
has
taught
me
nothing.”
过去完成时；一般过去时
3．Before
they
visited
India，they
had
recorded
seven
albums.
一般过去时；过去完成时
[归纳用法]
一、过去完成时的结构
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。
二、过去完成时的用法
1．过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用的时间状语有already，before，ever，just，never，still，yet等)，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since＋时间点，for＋时间段)。如：
He
had
stayed
here
for
two
days
before
he
left.
他走之前在这儿待了两天。
He
said
that
he
had
lived
there
since
he
was
ten.
他说他十岁起就住在那里了。
2．在“it
was
the
first/second...time＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
It
was
the
first
time
that
he
had
ever
spoken
to
me
in
such
a
tune.
这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been
out
of
work
that
year.
这是那一年他第三次失业。
3．过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：
He
said
he
had
been
a
soldier.
他说他当过兵。
They
said
they
had
seen
the
film.
他们说看过这部电影。
4．在hardly/scarcely...when...，no
sooner...than...两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：
Hardly/Scarcely
had
I
told
her
the
news
when
she
began
to
cry
out.
我一告诉她这一消息她就大哭了起来。
No
sooner
had
he
fallen
asleep
than
he
lay
down
on
the
bed.
他一躺到床上就睡着了。
5．动词expect，hope，suppose，think，want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：
I
had
hoped
to
see
you.
我本希望去看你的。
He
had
wanted
to
buy
a
house
in
Beijing.
他本想在北京买栋房子。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①When
I
got
to
school
I
found
that
my
classmate
had
left
(leave)．
②The
man
said
that
he
had
written
(write)about
300
pieces
of
music.
③I
had
intended(intend)
to
call
on
you，but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
④It
was
the
first
time
that
they
had
met
(meet)．
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
30
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
当公交车最终来的时候，我已在车站等了三十分钟。
He
once
worked
as
a
teacher
for
5
years，but
now
he
is
a
successful
manager.
他曾经做过5年教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①He
is
a
professor
of
Shandong
University.He
stayed
(stay)
in
America
for
4
years.
②The
three
of
us
travelled
(travel)
around
Europe
for
about
a
month
last
summer.
③By
nine
o'clock
last
night，we
had
got
(get)
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.
④He
said
he
had
worked(work)
in
that
factory
since
1949.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By
the
end
of
June
they
had
treated
(treat)
over
10，000
patients.
2．He
had
served
(serve)
in
the
army
for
ten
years
before
he
worked
in
the
company.
3．He
had
learned
(learn)
English
for
eight
years
before
he
went
to
England
for
further
study.
4．He
told
me
that
he
had
known
(know)
her
since
he
was
a
child.
5．He
had
no
sooner
left
the
room
than
they
began
(begin)
to
talk
about
him.
6．It
was
the
first
time
that
he
had
criticized
(criticize)
me
in
public.
7．I
had
hoped
(hope)
to
be
back
last
night，but
I
didn't
catch
the
train.
8．When
we
got
there，the
basketball
match
had
been
(be)
on
for
3
minutes.
9．The
son
said
that
he
wanted
to
go
where
his
father
had
been
(be)．
10．John，a
friend
of
mine，spent
$3，000
more
than
he
had
planned
(plan)
for
the
wedding.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I
still
remember
last
winter，1.when
I
woke
up
in
the
morning，it
2.had
stopped(stop)
snowing.Looking
outside
of
the
window，the
shiny
white
snow
on
our
lawn
3.had
been
cleaned(clean)
by
my
father.I
closed
the
book
that
I
4.had
borrowed(borrow)from
local
library
and
went
downstairs
for
breakfast.Then
my
little
brother
came
to
tell
me
that
he
5.had
finished(finish)
all
his
homework
and
he
had
6.a
very
nice
dream
the
night
before.During
the
breakfast，one
of
my
best
friends
came
to
visit
my
family.She
went
to
Australia
last
year.7.Before
that
she
8.had
prepared(prepare)
for
the
examination
of
University
of
Sydney
for
half
a
year.She
said
she
9.had
learned
(learn)
some
10.professional(profession)
knowledge
in
her
field.
4/4Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.worldwide
A．n.杀虫剂，农药
( )2.giant
B．n.(古代的)神话
( )3.myth
C．n.传说，传奇(故事)
( )4.legend
D．adj.巨大的，特大的
( )5.pesticide
E．adv.遍及全世界
[答案] 1－5 EDBCA
b．短语匹配
( )1.communicate
with
A．把……和……连接起来
( )2.tiny
amounts
of
B．赶跑，使离去
( )3.drive
away
C．在某种程度上
( )4.in
some
ways
D．与……交流
( )5.link...to
E．少量的
[答案] 1－5 DEBCA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．goat
n．
山羊
2．characteristic
n.
特征，特性
3．decline
v.
减少
4．root
n.
根
5．detect
v.
发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
6．link
v.
把……联系起来；连接
7．primitive
adj.
原始的，低等的
8．blame
v.
责怪，指责；把……归咎于
9．centimetre
n.
厘米
Ⅰ.语境填空
primitive，detect，characteristic，link，root，centimetre，decline，legend，giant，blame
1．The
cold
weather
may
account
for
the
decline
in
the
flow
of
customers
in
the
shopping
mall.
2．The
conditions
in
the
local
school
were
fairly
primitive，without
electricity
and
basic
teaching
tools.
3．The
airplane
crash
cast
a
giant
shadow
on
travellers.
4．The
ability
to
make
and
use
tools
is
one
of
the
basic
characteristics
of
humans.
5．Not
his
teacher
but
the
student
himself
is
to
blame
for
the
failure
in
the
exam.
6．We
need
to
find
out
the
root
of
the
problem
before
we
solve
it.
7．There
are
many
wonderful
legends
about
this
famous
hero.
8．Dogs
can
detect
sounds
beyond
humans'
hearing
limit.
9．Sharks
in
the
sea
vary
in
size
from
just
20
centimetres
to
14
metres.
10．Asia
and
Europe，being
two
different
areas，are
linked
together
by
mountains
and
rivers.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．None
of
us
is
entirely
blameless(blame)
in
this
matter.
2．I'm
afraid
something
has
been
primitively(primitive)
programmed.
3．Early
detection(detect)
of
cancers
is
very
important.
4．He
had
a
rootless(root)
childhood
moving
from
town
to
town.
1．This
happens
when
a
plant，say
a
bean
plant，gets
attacked
by
insects.
这种交流发生在某种植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫侵害的时候。
2．Some
plants
make
noises
with
their
roots.
有些植物用根发出响声。
3．A
chilli
plant
can
tell
if
a
neighbouring
plant
is
helpful，or
unfriendly.
一棵辣椒秧可以分辨出邻近的植物是有益的还是不友好的。
词语助读
①myth
n．(古代的)神话
②legend
n．传说，传奇(故事)
legendary
adj.传说中的；非常著名的
③as
well
as又，和，也(常用于连接两个并列的成分)
④Alexander
the
Great亚历山大大帝
[1]此处为
“主语＋be＋said＋不定式”句型。
⑤fantasy
n．[U]幻想，想象
[2]画线部分为with复合结构，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。
[3]本句中的it作句子的主语，无实际意义。appears
是系动词，其后的that则引导一个表语从句。
⑥reveal
vt.显示；透露；揭露
reveal
the
truth/the
secret揭露真相/泄露秘密
⑦chemical
n.
[C]化学制品，化学品adj.化学的
[4]本句中的it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。
⑧release
vt.释放
⑨detect
v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
detective
n．[C]侦探
⑩drive
away
赶跑，使离去
?wasp
n．黄蜂
?pesticide
n.
杀虫剂，农药
?root
n．根
?chilli
n．辣椒
?tell
vt.分辨，识别
tell
A
from
B辨别A和B
tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B分辨出A与B的区别
?indicate
vt.&vi.表明；显示
indication
n．[C，U]显示；表明；标示
[5]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为
“当……时”；indicating...arriving是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
?link
v．把……联系起来；连接
?in
some
ways在某种程度上
[6]此处While为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为
“而，然而”。?underground
adv.在地下；adj.地下的
?fungus
n．真菌(复数fungi)
fungal
adj.真菌的；真菌引起的
[7]此处是现在分词短语作方式状语。
version
n.
[C]型式，版本
cybercrime
n．网络犯罪
[8]画线部分为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；此处介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。
原文呈现
The
Secret
Language
of
Plants
1．Talking
plants
have
long
been
a
thing
of
myths①
and
legends②.Many
cultures
have
stories
of
talking
trees
that
give
advice
as
well
as③
warnings
to
people.Alexander
the
Great④
and
Marco
Polo
were
said
to
have
visited
such
a
tree
in
India.[1]
And
in
some
modern
stories，such
as
the
film
Avatar，trees
can
communicate
with
animals
and
people.
2．With
us
long
believing
that
talking
plants
are
fantasy⑤[2]，new
research
has
revealed⑥
something
amazing：it
appears
that
plants
can
communicate
after
all
[3]．
3．It
has
been
known
for
some
time
that
plants
use
chemicals⑦
to
communicate
with
each
other.[4]
This
happens
when
a
plant，say
a
bean
plant，gets
attacked
by
insects.The
plant
releases⑧
tiny
amounts
of
chemicals
from
the
leaves
that
are
being
eaten.This
is
like
a
warning，or
a
call
for
help：“I'm
being
attacked！”
When
another
bean
plant
detects⑨
the
chemicals
from
its
injured
neighbour，it
starts
to
release
its
own，different
chemicals.Some
of
these
chemicals
drive
insects
away⑩.Others
attract
insects—the
wasps?！The
wasps
kill
the
insects
that
are
eating
the
bean
plants.Scientists
hope
to
learn
more
about
this
plant
warning
system，so
that
we
can
use
it
to
grow
crops
without
pesticides?.
4．More
surprisingly，plants
also
use
sound
to
communicate.People
can't
hear
these
sounds，but
plants
are
making
them.Some
plants
make
noises
with
their
roots?.Corn
and
chilli
plants
do
this.They
also
“listen”
to
the
noises
from
other
plants.A
chilli?
plant
can
tell?if
a
neighbouring
plant
is
helpful，or
unfriendly.Some
trees
make
clicking
noises
when
there
is
not
enough
water，indicating?
drought
is
arriving.[5]
5．Most
surprisingly
of
all，plants
have
an
amazing
system
of
communication
that
can
link?
nearly
every
plant
in
a
forest.Scientists
call
this
system
the
“wood
wide
web”．It
is
in
some
ways?
similar
to
the
Internet
we
use.While
the
Internet
is
a
worldwide
network
of
computers
linked
by
cables
and
satellites
[6]，the
wood
wide
web
is
linked
underground?
by
fungi?.This
fungal
network
links
the
roots
of
different
plants
to
each
other.Using
the
wood
wide
web
[7]，plants
can
share
information
and
even
food
with
each
other.For
example，some
pine
trees
can
send
food
to
smaller
pine
trees
to
help
them
grow.But
just
like
our
own
Internet，the
wood
wide
web
has
its
own
versionof
“cybercrime”．Plants
can
steal
food
from
each
other，or
spread
poisons
to
attack
other
plants.Perhaps
one
day
scientists
will
learn
how
to
create
a
“firewall”
to
help
prevent
these
attacks
within
the
wood
wide
web.
6．Scientists
are
learning
more
every
day
about
the
secret
ways
in
which
plants
talk
to
each
other
[8]．Who
knows？Maybe
one
day
we
will
know
enough
about
plant
communication
to
be
able
to
“talk”
with
them
ourselves.
译文参考
植物的秘密语言
1．会说话的植物长久以来都存在于神话和传说当中。许多文化里都有会说话的树给人们警告和建议的故事。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过这样一棵树。在一些现代故事中，像电影《阿凡达》，树木可以与动物和人交流。
2．我们长久以来都认为，会说话的植物存在于幻想里，不过新的研究揭示了惊人的发现：植物还是可以进行交流的。
3．人们对植物使用化学物质相互交流的了解已经有些时日了。这种交流发生在某种植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫侵害的时候。受侵害的植物从正被啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，就像是发出警告或呼救：
“我被攻击了！”
当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同化学物质。其中有些化学物质能够驱赶昆虫，有些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死正在吃豆秧的昆虫。科学家希望能够更多地了解这种植物预警系统，这样我们就可以使用这种植物预警系统，在种作物的过程中不再使用杀虫剂。
4．更令人惊讶的是，植物也会用声音交流。人类无法听到，但是植物确实在发出声音。有些植物用根发出响声，玉米和辣椒就是如此。它们还会
“倾听”其他植物发生的响声。一棵辣椒秧可以分辨出邻近的植物是有益的还是不友好的。在没有足够的水分时，一些树会发出咔嗒声，这表明干旱即将来临。
5．最令人惊讶的是，植物之间存在令人惊叹的通信系统，该系统几乎可以连接森林中的每一株植物。科学家称该系统为
“树联网”。它在某种程度上与我们使用的互联网相似。互联网是由电缆和卫星连接起来的全球计算机网络，而树联网是由真菌在地下连接。这种真菌网络把不同植物的根相互连接起来。通过树联网，植物可以相互分享信息，甚至于食物。例如，一些松树能够给小松树输送食物，帮助它们生长。不过就像我们的互联网一样，树联网也有自己版本的
“网络犯罪”。植物间会互相窃取食物，或者传播毒素以攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家将学会如何创建
“防火墙”来帮助阻止树联网内的攻击。
6．科学家对于植物互相交流的秘密方式的认识在与日俱增。谁知道呢？也许有一天，我们会对植物交流有足够的了解，能够与它们展开
“交谈”。
6/61．seed
n．种子，籽→seedless
adj.无籽的
2．evolve
v．进化→evolution
n．进化
3．suspect
v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspected
adj.被怀疑的
4．generate
v．产生，创造→generation
n．产生
distant
adj.遥远的；久远的；不同的；恍惚的
1．The
time
we
spent
together
is
now
a
distant
memory.
久远的
2．Their
life
seemed
utterly
distant
from
his
own.
不同的
3．There
was
a
distant
look
in
her
eyes；her
mind
was
obviously
on
something
else.
恍惚的
Words
and
Phrases
知识要点1 distant
adj.遥远的
(教材P50) The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。
[例] Pat
sounded
very
cold
and
distant
on
the
phone.
从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。
[知识拓展]
(1)be(＋距离)distant
from
sth.
离某物(……)远
(2)distance
n.
距离
at
a
distance
隔一段距离；距离稍远
in
the
distance
在远处
at/from
a
distance
of...
在/从……远的地方
keep
sb.
at
a
distance
对……冷淡；与……疏远
distance
oneself
from
使远离；使疏远
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His
house
stands
on
a
hill
and
can
be
seen
from
a
distance(distant)of
two
miles，while
mine
is
ten
miles
distant
from
his
house.
②We
could
see
nothing
in
the
thick
fog
at/from
a
distance
of
five
metres，so
we
got
lost.
③He
threw
the
stone
with
all
his
strength
and
it
fell
into
a
pond
in
the
distance
(在远处)．
[小片段填空]
We
can
see
the
waterfall
in
the
distance，whose
sound
can
be
heard
at
a
distance
of
two
miles.It
looks
quite
beautiful
from
a
distance，I
think.
我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。我认为从远处看它很漂亮。
知识要点2 answer
the
call响应号召
(教材P50) The
person
who
answered
the
call
was
not
the
captain's
first
choice.
来应聘的人不是船长的首选。
[例] The
young
man
answered
the
call
and
joined
the
army
to
defend
his
country.
这个年轻人响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
[知识拓展]
answer
the
phone/a
call
接听电话
answer
the
door
开门，应门
answer
criticism/charges/accusation
就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应
answer
a
need
满足需求
answer
a
description
与描述相符
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
kept
ringing
the
bell，but
no
one
answered(answer)the
door.
②A
man
answering(answer)the
police's
description
was
seen
entering
the
building.
③How
do
you
answer
the
criticism
that
your
government
has
done
nothing
to
help
the
homeless?
有人批评你们的政府没有为无家可归的人提供任何帮助，你对此有何回应？
知识要点3 be
a
disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事
(教材P50) What's
more，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”．
更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“他和全家的耻辱”。
[例] He
is
a
disgrace
and
an
embarrassment
to
this
hospital.
他是这家医院的耻辱和尴尬。
[知识拓展]
(1)disgrace
v．
使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫地；
使失势；使失去地位
(2)in
disgrace
很不讨人喜欢
bring
disgrace
on
使……蒙羞
there
is
no
disgrace
in
doing
sth.
做某事不丢脸
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mum
told
me
Meggie
was
sent
home
in
disgrace.
②His
actions
brought
disgrace
on
the
family.
③There
was
no
disgrace
in
finishing(finish)fourth.
④You
are
a
disgrace
to
the
medical
profession.
你是医学界的耻辱。
知识要点4 lead
to引起，导致；通向
(教材P50) Despite
all
this，his
adventures
on
this
ship
would
lead
to
one
of
the
most
important
scientific
discoveries
of
all
time.
尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。
[例] Excuse
me，does
this
road
lead
to
the
railway
station?
请问，这条路通向火车站吗？
[知识拓展]
lead
sb.
to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
lead
sb.
to/into...
领着某人去/进入……
lead
a
happy
life
过着幸福的生活
in
the
lead
领先，处于首位
take
the
lead
带头
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They
were
in
the
lead.The
finish
line
was
close.
②The
students
were
led
into
the
museum，most
of
them
with
a
notebook.
③They
lead
a
busy
and
colourful
life
on
the
campus.
④It
is
reported
that
the
discovery
of
new
evidence
had
led
to
the
thief
being
caught．
据报道，新证据的发现导致小偷被抓住。
知识要点5 in
question正被讨论的；有疑问，不确定
(教材P50)The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist，fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都着迷。
[例] In
my
opinion，you'd
better
keep
your
distance
from
the
man
in
question.
依我看，你最好离那个被讨论的人远一点。
[知识拓展]
out
of
question(＝without
question)
没问题
out
of
the
question
不可能，无法接受
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her
version
of
events
was
accepted
without
question.
②The
future
of
public
transport
is
not
in
question.
③Another
trip
abroad
this
year
is
out
of
the
question．
今年再度出国旅行是绝不可能的。
知识要点6 be
crowded
with堆满，挤满
(教材P51) After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with
samples
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.
达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间后，他船上的房间里塞满了他收集的动植物样本。
[例] The
old
town
square
was
crowded
with
people.
古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。
[知识拓展]
crowded
adj.
拥挤的
crowd
n．&v.
人群/拥挤；聚集
a
crowd
of/crowds
of...
一大群……，很多
crowd
in
(on
sb.)
涌上(心头)，涌入(脑海)
crowd
into
one's
mind
涌上某人的心头
crowd
into...
大批涌入(狭小的空间)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①There
were
crowds(crowd)of
people
at
the
theatre.
②This
morning，the
ground
is
crowded
with
white
snow.
③The
crowd
was/were(be)marching
on
the
street
to
improve
their
living
conditions.
④他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。
a．A
thought
crowded
into
his
mind
that
building
another
expressway
could
solve
the
problem.
b．A
thought
crowded
in
on
him
that
building
another
expressway
could
solve
the
problem.
[名师点津]
crowd可用作名词，译作“人群，大众”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词接单数或复数对待均可，the
crowd“老百姓，大众”。
知识要点7 (教材P51) Maybe
animals
evolved
as
they
adapted
to
their
changing
environments?
也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？
(1)evolve
v．进化；发展
[例] Each
school
must
evolve
its
own
way
of
working.
每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。
[知识拓展]
(1)evolve
from
从……进化；从……逐渐形成
evolve
into
逐渐演变，逐步发展
(2)evolution
n.
进化(论)；演变
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
is
interested
in
the
evolution
(evolve)
of
the
computer
over
the
past
30
years.
②All
in
all，at
least
at
this
stage，it's
unlikely
that
online
learning
will
evolve
into
the
dominant
form
of
education.
③The
idea
evolved
from
a
drawing
I
discovered
in
the
room.
这种想法是从我在房间里发现的一幅画得到启发的。
(2)adapt
to适应，适合
[例] We
must
adapt
to
the
new
changes
through
our
continuous
learning.
我们必须通过持续不断的学习来适应新变化。
[知识拓展]
(1)adapt...to...
使……适应或适合……
adapt...from...
根据……改编或改写
adapt...for...
改编或改作……之用
(2)adaptable
adj.
能适应的，适应性强的
adaptation
n.
改编(本)，改造；适应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
movie
that
had
been
adapted
for
children
was
adapted
from
a
novel.
②Have
you
watched
the
TV
series
adapted
from
his
novel
of
the
same
name?
③Mike，Mary
and
I
had
a
discussion
about
the
adaptation
(adapt)of
the
classic
literature
yesterday.
④I
suggested
he
(should)
adapt
himself
to
his
new
conditions.
我建议他应该使自己适应新的环境。
知识要点8 suspect
v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
(教材P51) Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。
[例] He
is
the
prime
suspect
in
the
case.
他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。
[知识拓展]
suspect
that...
认为/猜想/觉得……
suspect
sb.
to
be...
怀疑某人是……
suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人(做过)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①What
he
said
sounded
reasonable，but
I
suspected
it
to
be
(be)a
lie.
②The
doctor
suspected
that
he
was
ill
with
flu.
③What
made
you
suspect
her
of
having
stolen
the
money?
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
Sentence
Pattern
重点句式 so...that...句型
(教材P51) But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究非常令人信服，结果越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
句式分析：句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
[例] He
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn't
say
a
word.
他气得说不出话。
[知识拓展]
so＋
such
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①It
is
such
nice
weather
that
I
would
like
to
go
to
the
beach.
②The
shop
sells
such
expensive
goods
that
I
want
to
buy
nothing
there.
③He
gave
me
so
little
time
that
it
was
impossible
for
me
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
④他是这样好的人，我们不能怪他。
a．He's
such
a
good
person
that
we
mustn't
blame
him.
b．He's
so
good
a
person
that
we
mustn't
blame
him.
(教材P51)When
the
Beagle
reached
the
Galápagos
Islands
in
1835，Darwin
saw
a
variety
of
new
species，but
it
was
the
birds
that
interested
him
the
most.
[分析] 本句是一个并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句，but后面是一个强调句，强调主语the
birds。
[译文] 1835年，当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。
教材
高考
1.The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
(2019·天津卷)To
many
people，technology
means
computers，hand?held
devices，or
vehicles
that
travel
to
distant
planets.
2.Maybe
animals
evolved
as
they
adapted
to
their
changing
environments？
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)A
group
of
sea?dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
3.Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In
Samarkand，Mr
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders，while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected
of
drug
dealing.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To
grow
crops，you
have
to
learn
how
to
sow
the
seeds
(seed)．
2．They
collect
several
blood
samples
(sample)for
analysis
at
a
national
laboratory.
3．The
keynote
speech
is
about
the
evolution
(evolve)of
the
computer.
4．It
was
suspected
(suspect)that
he
had
some
connection
with
the
robbery.
5．The
stone
tools
indicate
the
early
cultural
capabilities
of
our
human
ancestors
(ancestor)．
6．Natural
selection
ensures
only
the
fittest
survive
to
pass
their
genes
on
to
the
next
generation
(generate)．
7．The
swimmer
was
sent
home
from
the
Olympics
in
disgrace.
8．The
traditional
crosstalk
has
a
long
history，dating
(date)
back
to
the
Qin
Dynasty.
9．The
children
watched，fascinated
(fascinate)，as
the
picture
began
to
appear.
10．It
was
in
a
small
village
in
the
south
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
Ⅱ.短语填空
answer
the
call，be
a
disgrace，begin
with，lead
to，of
all
time，be
crowded
with，be
similar
to，look
for，according
to，be
regarded
as
1．Not
only
is
your
mark
in
English
a
disgrace，but
you
have
even
failed
in
mathematics.
2．He
is
regarded
as
the
most
successful
musician
of
modern
times.
3．Airports，railway
stations
and
long?distance
bus
stations
are
crowded
with
home
returners.
4．He
said
drought
had
led
to
severe
crop
failure
for
the
second
year
running.
5．As
a
saying
goes，a
journey
of
a
thousand
miles
begins
with
the
first
step.
6．We
all
need
to
look
for
ways
to
reduce
our
carbon
footprint.
7．Roberto
Baggio
was
set
to
become
one
of
the
greatest
players
of
all
time．
8．Let
us
suppose
another
planet
with
conditions
is
similar
to
those
on
the
earth.
9．If
all
goes
according
to
plan，the
first
concert
will
be
on
Tuesday
evening.
10．You
must
have
fallen
asleep，because
it
took
you
a
long
time
to
answer
the
call．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As
a
young
man
Charles
Darwin
was
regarded
as
1.a
disgrace
to
himself
and
his
family.He
didn't
complete
his
2.medical
(medicine)degree
at
college.However，his
adventures
on
the
Beagle
led
him
to
one
of
the
most
important
3.discoveries(discovery)．
The
journey
on
the
ship，the
Beagle，offered
him
a
good
opportunity
4.to
study
(study)
the
living
things
on
the
islands.He
was
so
fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals
on
the
islands
5.that
he
got
his
room
crowded
with
samples.It
was
believed
at
that
time
that
all
species
6.had
appeared(appear)
on
Earth
at
the
same
time
and
hadn't
changed
since.Through
his
careful
observation，he
began
to
think
7.differently
(different)．He
noticed
that
the
beaks
of
the
finches
had
some
differences
between
them
from
one
island
to
another
according
to
what
they
ate
on
that
particular
island.So
he
thought
they
must
have
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，and
they
had
evolved
to
adapt
8.to
the
environment.
Darwin
based
his
new
ideas
on
his
observation
and
generated
his
theory
of
9.evolution
(evolve)．The
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species，explained
his
theory，10.causing
(cause)a
heated
storm
of
debate.Today，it
is
still
regarded
as
one
of
the
most
important
works
ever
written.
10/10Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.disgrace
A．v.进化
( )2.geologist
B．n.雀科鸣禽
( )3.evolve
C．n.
the
loss
of
other
people's
respect
( )4.finch
D．n.鸟嘴，喙
( )5.beak
E．n.
a
scientist
who
studies
geology
[答案] 1—5 CEABD
b．短语匹配
( )1.answer
the
call
A．是耻辱，是丢脸的事
( )2.come
to
exist
B．讨论(议论)中的
( )3.be
a
disgrace
C．存在
( )4.in
question
D．适应
( )5.adapt
to
E．响应号召
[答案] 1－5 ECABD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．distant
adj.
遥远的
2．sample
n.
样本
3．suspect
v.
猜想，怀疑，觉得
4．ancestor
n.
(动物的)原种，祖先
5．seed
n.
种子，籽
6．generate
v.
产生，创造
Ⅰ.语境填空
generate，geologist，seed，beak，evolve，disgrace，sample，suspect，distant，ancestor
1．A
seed
can't
decide
whether
to
become
a
tree
or
food
for
a
bird.
2．Li
Lei
thinks
it
is
a
disgrace
for
him
to
lie
to
his
parents.
3．His
grandfather
works
as
a
geologist，who
always
deals
with
rocks
and
soils
in
the
open
air.
4．The
scientist
collected
some
insects
and
plants
as
samples
in
the
mountain
for
his
study.
5．Thanks
to
Chinese
people's
hard
work，China
has
evolved
into
a
large
economy(经济体)．
6．Now，I
suspect
someone
may
have
come
into
this
room
and
taken
away
something
important.
7．Smoking
may
generate
long?term
stress—even
if
people
feel
it
offers
temporary
relief.
8．To
many
people，technology
means
computers，or
vehicles
that
travel
to
distant
planets.
9．A
duck
has
a
smaller
body，with
a
flat
beak，a
short
neck.
10．The
direct
ancestor
of
the
modern
cat
was
the
Kaffir
cat
of
ancient
Egypt.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．In
the
course
of
evolution
(evolve)，some
birds
have
lost
the
power
of
flight.
2．It
is
environment?friendly
to
choose
the
generation(generate)
of
electricity
by
water
power.
3．It
is
normal
that
people
like
to
eat
seedless(seed)
grapes.
4．He
was
rushed
to
hospital
with
a
suspected
(suspect)
heart
attack.
1．The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。
2．The
person
who
answered
the
call
was
not
the
captain's
first
choice.
来应聘的人不是船长的首选。
3．The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist...
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家……
4．Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor...
达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来……
词语助读
①profit
v．获益；获利
②distant
adj.遥远的
③degree
n．学位
④what's
more再者
⑤disgrace
n．丢脸，耻辱
⑥despite
prep.尽管
⑦lead
to导致；通向
⑧scientific
adj.科学的
⑨discovery
n．发现
[1]句中的predicting...是现在分词作定语，修饰a
letter。
⑩Charles
Darwin查尔斯·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。出版《物种起源》。
?geologist
n．地质学家
?naturalist
n．博物学家
?fascinate
v．入迷
be
fascinated
by对……入迷
?living
adj.活的
?be
crowded
with挤满……
?sample
n．样本
?come
to
exist存在
?at
the
same
time同时
?be
similar
to和……相似
?evolve
v．进化
adapt
to适应
inspire
v．激励；鼓舞
evidence
n．证据；根据
Galápagos
Islands加拉帕戈斯群岛，是厄瓜多尔位于太平洋、距陆地本土1
200公里的一个省，由十几个火山岩岛屿组成，人口不足2万。
a
variety
of多种多样的
according
to根据，按照
available
adj.可利用的，可得到的
[2]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
suspect
v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
[3]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a
common
ancestor。
completely
adv.完全地
shocked
adj.感到震惊的
shocking
adj.令人震惊的
convincing
adj.令人信服的
[4]so...that...如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。
be
regarded
as被认为是
原文呈现
A
Journey
of
Discovery
1．The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit①
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant②
countries
yet
little
known”．The
person
who
answered
the
call
was
not
the
captain's
first
choice.It
was
a
young
man
who
had
left
medical
school
without
completing
his
degree③.What's
more④，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace⑤
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”．[1]Despite⑥
all
this，his
adventures
on
this
ship
would
lead
to⑦
one
of
the
most
important
scientific⑧
discoveries⑨
of
all
time.
2．The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin⑩，was
a
geologist?
and
naturalist?，fascinated?
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.He
left
England
on
the
ship，the
Beagle，in
1831.The
journey
gave
him
the
chance
to
study
various
living?
things
in
their
natural
environments.After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with?
samples?
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?？
3．At
that
time，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time?，and
had
not
changed
since.But
Darwin
began
to
think
differently.He
noticed
that
some
species
of
animals
were
very
similar
to?
each
other.Maybe
animals
evolved?
as
they
adapted
totheir
changing
environments？It
was
just
an
idea，but
enough
to
inspireDarwin
to
look
for
more
evidence.
4．When
the
Beagle
reached
the
Galápagos
Islands
in
1835，Darwin
saw
a
variety
of
new
species，but
it
was
the
birds
that
interested
him
the
most.Darwin
noticed
that
there
was
a
difference
between
the
finches
on
each
of
the
islands.It
seemed
their
beaks
had
evolved
according
to
what
food
was
available
on
that
particular
island.[2]
5．Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.[3]Over
time，it
had
slowly
evolved
into
many
new
species.And
that
was
the
answer
to
how
new
species
of
plants
and
animals
came
to
exist：they
evolved
from
earlier
ancestors.
6．It
was
a
completely
new
idea—a
theory
of
evolution.Darwin
explained
this
theory
in
his
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species.It
was
not
published
until
1859
and
immediately
caused
a
storm.Many
people
refused
to
believe
that
living
things，including
humans，had
evolved
from
lower
forms
of
life.They
were
shocked.But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory.[4]
7．Today，On
the
Origin
of
Species
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
most
important
works
ever
written.It
has
changed
ideas
about
life
on
Earth
forever.And
it
all
began
with
the
journey
on
the
Beagle.
译文参考
发现之旅
1．“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。来应聘的人不是船长的首选。他是一个年轻人，没有完成学位课程就离开了医学院。更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“他和全家的耻辱”。尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。
2．所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都着迷。1831年，他乘“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间后，他船上的房间里塞满了他收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？
3．当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。但达尔文开始有不同的想法。他注意到有些动物彼此非常相似。也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？这只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。
4．1835年，当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到每一个岛上的雀科小鸟都不相同。它们的喙似乎是根据那个岛上的食物进化的。
5．达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成许多新物种。这就是怎么有动植物的新物种存在的答案：它们是从早期祖先进化而来。
6．这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。该书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了一场风暴。许多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的生物都是从较低级的生命形式进化而来。他们很震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究非常令人信服，结果越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
7．今天，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来人们所写出的最重要的著作之一。它永远改变了人们对地球上生命的看法。而这一切都是从“贝格尔号”的旅程开始的。
6/6课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
One
of
the
best
personal
growth
keys
we
should
go
after
is
proper
self?awareness.Generally，self?awareness
is
real
understanding
of
yourself.Your
personal
habits，strengths，areas
in
which
you
need
improvement，etc.The
more
you
know
about
yourself，the
better
you
fit
in
with
the
environment，and
grow
healthily.Without
it，you
are
tricking
yourself
into
living
your
life
through
unclear
feelings
instead
of
reality.
So，how
do
you
become
self?aware？One
of
the
best
ways
is
to
invite
honest
advice
into
your
life.I
grew
up
in
a
generation
in
which
everyone
got
a
medal
as
long
as
they
participate
in.Take
race
for
example，everyone
is
a
“winner”，even
if
you
are
the
last
one.Although
I
need
encouragement，false
feedback
only
masks
blind
spots
in
a
person's
character.Worse
yet，a
“everyone
gets
a
trophy”
culture
through
ages
supports
mediocrity
(平庸)．Of
course，no
one
likes
hard
words，but
I'd
like
to
suggest
embracing
honest
feedback
and
developing
real
self?awareness.
Imagine
you
are
texting
while
driving，and
you
take
your
focus
from
the
road
to
your
phone.Just
seconds.Later，your
eyes
go
back
to
the
road
and
you
realize
that
you're
dangerously
driving
onto
the
opposite
lane.Our
self?awareness
can
tell
us
“Yes，I
was
texting
while
driving”．But
that
acknowledgement
(承认)
alone
doesn't
lead
to
change
and
growth
beyond
the
harmful
behavior.However，applied
self?knowledge
does，which
is
one
key
ingredient
of
the
self?awareness.And
applied
self?knowledge
begs
the
answer
to
the
question
“Why
was
I
texting
while
driving
in
the
first
place？”
If
we
can
form
answers
to
the
motivations
behind
our
thoughts
and
actions，and
then
make
a
plan
to
change
our
behavior，we'll
be
better
experiencing
lasting
growth.
We
can
get
all
the
self?help
guides
and
personal
growth
methods
money
can
buy，but
if
we
don't
know
ourselves
well
enough
to
put
any
of
it
into
effective
and
specific
practice，we'll
never
arrive
at
the
greatest
place
of
success
possible
in
our
lives.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了培养正确的自我认识给我们带来的影响和意义。
1．What
can
be
inferred
from
Paragraph
1?
A．People
often
cheat
themselves.
B．Proper
self?awareness
increases
confidence.
C．Proper
self?awareness
is
beneficial
to
growth.
D．People
can
keep
healthy
self?awareness
by
practice.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...the
better
you
fit
in
with
the
environment，and
grow
healthily.”可推断，正确的自我认识对我们的成长有益。]
2．What
can
we
learn
about
the
“everyone
gets
a
trophy”
culture?
A．It
focuses
on
character
development.
B．It
stresses
positive
judgment.
C．It
uncovers
blind
spots.
D．It
calls
for
equality.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...everyone
got
a
medal
as
long
as
they
participate
in.”并结合本段内容可推断，这种参与就有奖的文化重视给予人积极的评价。]
3．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
using
the
example
in
Paragraph
3?
A．To
warn
the
danger
of
texting
while
driving.
B．To
provide
ways
to
change
your
driving
behavior.
C．To
introduce
the
concept
of
applied
self?knowledge.
D．To
explain
common
motivations
behind
your
actions.
C [写作意图题。作者在第三段通过举例指出仅仅意识到自己的错误行为还不够，还要在行动上做出改变。由此可知，作者列举开车看手机的例子是为了引出applied
self?knowledge这个概念。]
4．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．Benefit
of
accepting
honest
feedback.
B．Value
of
having
proper
self?awareness.
C．Ways
to
form
proper
self?awareness.
D．Behaviors
lacking
self?awareness.
B [主旨大意题。本文主要论述了培养正确的自我认识给我们带来的影响和意义。]
B
Scientists
are
warning
that
the
world's
supply
of
hazelnuts
(榛子)
is
being
threatened
by
huge
numbers
of
stink
bugs
(椿象)
attacking
Turkey.Because
of
their
special
taste，they
are
often
combined
with
chocolate.Turkey
grows
about
70%
of
the
world's
hazelnuts.People
believe
the
insects
could
affect
up
to
30%
of
Turkey's
hazelnuts.
Since
2017，the
country's
hazelnut
farmers
have
been
battling
with
stink
bugs
which
are
originally
from
East
Asia.They
first
appeared
in
Europe
and
North
America
in
the
late
1990s.Experts
believe
they
arrived
by
accident
in
shipping
containers
coming
from
East
Asia.But
in
Europe
and
North
America，there
are
no
insects
or
other
animals
that
naturally
attack
the
stink
bugs.That，along
with
warm
temperatures，has
allowed
the
insects
to
spread
rapidly.Female
stink
bugs
can
lay
up
to
400
eggs，which
will
become
adults
in
a
short
time.These
insects
can
feed
on
fruits
and
damage
plants.
Farmers
in
Turkey
are
presently
using
chemicals
to
kill
the
stink
bugs，but
this
may
not
work
well.Scientists
are
encouraging
Turkey's
government
to
use
other
insects
to
control
stink
bugs.And
it
is
recommended
to
introduce
an
insect
from
outside
the
country.
One
insect
that
is
being
considered
is
the
“samurai
wasp
(武士黄蜂)”．This
wasp
eats
the
stink
bug
eggs.But
scientists
must
study
the
insect
carefully
to
make
sure
it
can
be
safely
brought
into
the
area.After
all，foreign
insect
is
what
caused
the
problem
to
Turkey's
environment
in
the
first
place.
But
Turkey's
hazelnut
farmers
worry
they
may
not
have
much
time.Last
year，cold
weather
kept
the
stink
bugs
from
coming
out
until
the
hazelnuts
had
already
developed
their
hard
outer
shells.This
year
is
likely
to
be
warmer.The
stink
bugs
may
come
out
this
year
before
the
nuts
are
protected
by
their
shells.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土耳其农民种植的榛子面临椿象的大规模侵袭，科学家们正在考虑引进外来物种消灭椿象。
5．What
challenge
are
farmers
in
Turkey
likely
facing?
A．Difficulty
in
finding
stink
bugs.
B．Customers'
changeable
preference.
C．Less
income
from
hazelnuts
farming
D．The
government's
stricter
laws
on
agriculture.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Turkey
grows
about
70%...the
insects
could
affect
up
to
30%
of
Turkey's
hazelnuts.”可推断，椿象影响了土耳其榛子的产量，农民们可能会因为产量下滑，而导致收入减少。]
6．What
do
we
know
about
stink
bugs
in
Europe
and
North
America?
A．They
like
to
eat
fruits
and
other
insects.
B．They
differ
a
lot
from
those
in
East
Asia.
C．They
fit
in
well
with
the
environment
there.
D．They
arrived
there
because
of
climate
change.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...there
are
no
insects
or
other
animals
that
naturally
attack
the
stink
bugs...allowed
the
insects
to
spread
rapidly.”可知，椿象很适应欧洲、北美的环境。]
7．What
needs
to
be
considered
before
introducing
samurai
wasps?
A．Whether
they
like
to
attack
people.
B．Whether
they're
able
to
deal
with
stink
bugs.
C．Whether
they'll
end
up
harming
local
nature.
D．Whether
they
can
coexist
with
local
insects
in
Turkey.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But
scientists
must
study
the
insect
carefully...foreign
insect
is
what
caused
the
problem
to
Turkey's
environment
in
the
first
place.”可推断，在引入武士黄蜂之前要考虑它会不会危害本土自然。]
8．What
are
farmers
probably
wishing
for
according
to
Paragraph
5?
A．Temperatures
rising
slower.
B．Other
crops
with
great
earnings.
C．Hazelnuts
with
harder
outer
shells.
D．Other
insects
feeding
on
stink
bugs.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...farmers
worry
they
may
not
have
much
time.”以及“This
year
is
likely
to
be
warmer....before
the
nuts
are
protected
by
their
shells.”可推断，农民们企盼榛子长出坚硬的外壳抵御椿象。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mike
insisted
the
bed
must
be
made
every
day.He
and
Linda
were
newly
married，so
Linda
played
alone.Linda
figured
he
took
after
his
mother
rather
than
his
father.However，she
took
after
her
parents，who
had
the
girl
make
the
bed.Linda
and
Mike
had
no
child，of
course.They
were
young
and
poor
and
they
made
the
bed
in
the
apartment
early
in
the
morning
on
weekdays
before
they
went
to
work.
Their
habit
of
faithful
bed
making
continued
through
the
birth
of
heir
three
children.Linda
learned
from
her
mother
that
even
when
she
was
in
hospital
having
a
baby
(which
Linda
did
three
times
in
three
years)，Mike
made
the
bed
without
fail.
Finally
Linda
and
Mike
made
the
“Big
Move”
and
arrived
in
California.When
they
were
invited
to
neighborhood
dinner
parties，Linda
found
most
Californians
just
pulled
a
quilt
(被子)
over
their
messy
bed，but
she
always
had
a
proper
bedspread
(床单)，which
she
folded
neatly
over
the
pillows.
Once，when
Linda
and
Mike
were
having
a
quarrel，she
refused
to
make
the
bed.Without
saying
anything
at
all，Mike
did
the
job
alone.
Of
course，years
later
the
children
grew
up
and
moved
out.There
were
a
lot
of
changes.Still，Linda
and
Mike
stood
on
both
sides
of
their
bed
every
morning，neatly
making
the
bed.Whenever
Linda
wanted
to
give
up
their
daily
routine，Mike
would
ask
her
to
help
him
make
the
bed
with
determination.It
seemed
important
to
his
peace
of
mind.
After
they
celebrated
their
fortieth
wedding
anniversary，it
occurred
to
Linda
that
the
way
they
made
the
bed
was
like
a
symbol
of
their
marriage.Their
style
had
always
been
both
of
them
working
as
a
team.Mike
painted
walls，created
vegetable
gardens
and
fixed
everything
that
broke
inside
the
house
and
out.Linda
prepared
meals
and
did
most
of
the
childcare.This
system
worked
well
for
them
for
many
a
year.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
However，as
they
were
getting
old
Mike's
legs
began
causing
him
trouble._______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
They
celebrated
their
fiftieth
wedding
anniversary，and
everything
slowed
down._______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
【参考范文】
However，as
they
were
getting
old
Mike's
legs
began
causing
him
trouble.His
left
leg
was
losing
feeling，and
his
balance
suffered.But
Mike
still
stood
on
his
side
of
the
bed
with
courage
and
determination
every
morning.Linda
felt
sad
and
asked
him
to
sit
beside
her
while
she
was
making
the
bed.When
doing
it
alone，she
had
to
move
from
one
side
of
the
bed
to
the
other
to
fold
the
bedspread，back
and
forth，back
and
forth.
They
celebrated
their
fiftieth
wedding
anniversary，and
everything
slowed
down.Walking
was
difficult
for
Mike，and
Linda
did
not
walk
as
fast
as
she
used
to.There
were
a
number
of
changes
in
their
lifestyle.They
didn't
quarrel
with
each
other
any
more.They
spent
most
of
their
time
together
every
day.Their
children
came
to
visit
them
regularly.One
day，Mike
was
ill
in
hospital，and
Linda
was
very
sad.However，she
decided
to
make
the
bed
every
morning
because
she
didn't
want
to
make
Mike
upset
when
he
came
back
and
saw
the
messy
bed.
6/6Nature
does
not
proceed
by
leaps
and
bounds.
—Carl
Linnaeus
自然的进化从不会突飞猛进。
——卡尔·林耐
Nature
is
not
governed
except
by
obeying
her.
—Bacon
自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。
——培根
Deviation
from
nature
is
deviation
from
happiness.
—Samuel
Johnson
对自然的背离就是对欢乐的背离。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
The
intimacy
between
man
and
nature
began
with
the
birth
of
man
on
the
earth，and
becomes
each
century
more
intelligent
and
far?reaching.To
nature，therefore，we
turn
as
to
the
oldest
aim
most
influential
teacher
of
our
race；from
one
point
of
view
once
our
task?master，now
our
servant；from
another
point
of
view，our
constant
friend，instructor
and
inspirer.
Charles
Darwin
was
born
in
1809
in
England.At
school
he
didn't
do
well
and
got
poor
marks.He
was
a
good
athlete
though
and
loved
studying
nature.He
also
kept
doing
chemistry
experiments.
His
father
was
a
doctor
and
expected
Charles
to
become
one
too.Charles
started
studying
medicine
at
Edinburgh
University
but
soon
gave
up
his
studies
there.
In
1831，Darwin
went
on
a
five?year
journey
to
South
America，Australia
and
South
Africa
by
ship.He
was
seasick
but
the
things
he
saw
on
this
trip
changed
his
life.He
collected
many
animal
and
plant
specimens.
In
1839，Darwin
married
his
cousin
Emma
Wedgwood
with
whom
he
had
ten
children！He
was
a
loving
father
and
enjoyed
family
life
which
was
always
more
important
to
him
than
his
research.In
spite
of
having
many
health
problems
throughout
his
life，Darwin
lived
until
he
was
73.
Darwin's
most
famous
book
On
the
Origin
of
Species
came
out
in
1859
and
sold
out
in
a
day.It
said
that
all
living
things
were
related.His
ideas
were
not
popular
at
first，but
now
most
people
agree
with
them
and
admire
Darwin
as
a
great
scientist.
[探索发现]
1．What
was
Darwin's
father?
A
doctor.
2．How
many
continents
had
he
gone
to
during
his
trip？Three.
3．When
Darwin
died?
In
1882.
2/2阅读P56－57教材课文，选择最佳选项。
1．The
recent
scientific
studies
have
shown
that
plants
can
________．
A．communicate
with
other
living
things
in
a
chemical
way
when
being
eaten
by
an
insect
B．hardly
react
to
the
chemicals
the
neighbour
released
C．can
release
some
chemicals
from
the
leaves
that
are
being
eaten
to
drive
the
insects
away
D．call
the
wasps
to
kill
the
insects
that
are
eating
their
leaves
2．What
can
we
infer
from
Paragraph
4?
A．People
can't
hear
the
noise
created
by
the
plants
because
we
can't
use
sound
to
communicate
with
them.
B．All
the
plants
can
make
noises
with
their
roots.
C．Only
chilli
plants
can
tell
if
a
neighbour
plant
is
helpful
or
unfriendly.
D．When
some
plants
make
clicking
noises，perhaps
it
suggests
drought
is
coming.
3．How
do
you
think
the
plants
link
with
each
other
in
a
forest?
A．They
can
keep
linked
by
cables
and
satellites
like
the
Internet
we
use.
B．They
have
an
amazing
system
of
communication
called
“wood
wide
web”．
C．They
are
linked
underground
by
their
roots.
D．They
use
the
fungal
network
to
share
information
and
food
but
they
can't
attack
others
like
our
own
Internet.
4．What
might
be
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A．To
tell
us
the
importance
of
talking
plants.
B．To
convince
people
that
talking
plants
are
only
a
thing
of
myths
and
legends.
C．To
introduce
some
ways
in
which
plants
communicate.
D．To
tell
the
readers
how
to
communicate
with
plants.
5．The
text
is
likely
to
appear
in
________．
A．a
newspaper
advertisement
B．a
diary
C．a
science
magazine
D．a
guidebook
[答案] 1—5 ADBCC
Words
and
Phrases
知识要点1 blame
v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备
(教材P53) The
extinction
of
the
Pinta
Island
tortoise
is
blamed
on
humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝要归咎于人类。
[例] How
can
I
blame
him？It
wasn't
intentional.
我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。
[知识拓展]
blame
sb.
for
sth./doing
sth.
为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame
sth.
on
sb.
把某事归咎于某人
be
to
blame
(for...)
某人应该被谴责；应负责任(表示被动)
put/lay
the
blame
for
sth.
on
sb.
把某事归咎于某人
accept/bear/take
the
blame
for
sth.
对某事负责任
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some
people
blame
the
smartphone
for
the
tragedy，yet
in
fact
people's
weakening
self?control
and
self?discipline
are
to
blame
(blame)．
②Don't
always
blame
your
own
failure
on
others.You
should
take
the
blame
for
it.
③The
woman
passenger
and
the
bus
driver
are
to
blame
for
the
serious
accident.
女乘客和公共汽车司机都应对这次严重事故负责。
[小片段填空]
He
was
blamed
for
the
serious
mistake，but
he
blamed
it
on
others.In
fact，it
is
he，not
others，that
is
to
blame
for
it.
他因这个严重错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，是他，而不是别人，应对此负责任。
知识要点2 decline
vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝n.下降；衰退；衰退期
(教材P53) After
goats
in
particular
had
been
brought
to
the
island，the
Pinta
Island
tortoise
population
declined.
特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
[例] The
company
reported
a
small
decline
in
its
profits.
公司报告其利润略有减少。
[知识拓展]
(1)decline(from...)to...
(从……)下降/减少到……
decline
by
下降/减少了……
decline
doing/to
do
sth.
婉言拒绝做某事
(2)fall
into
(a)
decline
开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路
a
decline
in
……的下降
in
decline/on
the
decline
在下降，在衰退
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With
all
doctors'
efforts，the
total
number
of
patients
has
been
on
the
decline，now
many
mobile
cabin
hospitals(方舱医院)have
been
shut
down.
②Government
spending
this
year
is
estimated
to
decline
by
approximately
2%.
③The
town
fell
into
a
decline
after
the
mine
closed.
④When
asked
for
comment，the
spokesperson
declined
to
say/saying
anything
about
the
matter.
当被问及评论时，发言人拒绝对此事发表任何评论。
知识要点3 be
native
to源于……的，原产于……
(教材P55) Look
at
the
pictures
of
the
species
native
to
different
regions
of
China.
看这些图片，这些物种原产于中国的不同地区。
[例] The
tiger
is
native
to
India.
这种虎产于印度。
[知识拓展]
(1)a
native
of...
……本地人，产于……的动物(植物)
(2)native
language/tongue
本国语，本族语，母语
one's
native
land/country
某人的故乡/祖国
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①By
studying
the
bones，scientists
further
concluded
that
Waitaha
penguin
was
once
a
native
of
New
Zealand.
②Many
rare
animals
and
plants
are
native
to
this
small
island.
③China
is
our
native
country，and
Chinese
is
our
native
language．
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
知识要点4 detect
v．发现，察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)
(教材P56) When
another
bean
plant
detects
the
chemicals
from
its
injured
neighbour，it
starts
to
release
its
own，different
chemicals.
当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同化学物质。
[例] The
dentist
detected
no
decay
in
her
teeth.
牙科医生检查了她的牙，没有发现龋齿。
[知识拓展]
(1)detect
sb.
doing
sth.
发现某人正在做某事(坏事)
(2)detective
n.
侦探
detection
n.
侦查，发现，发觉
escape/avoid
detection
躲过探测
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Last
year
the
detection(detect)
rate
for
car
theft
was
just
13%.
②The
detective(detect)
was
trying
to
winkle
information
out
of
her.
③The
boy
was
detected
stealing(steal)
apples
from
the
orchard.
④By
flying
low，the
plane
avoided/escaped
detection
by
enemy
radar.
那架飞机低空飞行，以免被敌人的雷达发现。
知识要点5 link
vt.&n.把……联系起来；连接
(教材P57)
This
fungal
network
links
the
roots
of
different
plants
to
each
other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根相互连接起来。
[例] Scientists
wonder
whether
there
is
a
link
between
the
two
species.
科学家想知道这两个物种之间是否有关联。
[知识拓展]
link...to/with
把……连接/联系起来
link
up
(with
sb./sth.)
(与某人/某物)连接(尤指使某
事物同步运作)；
连接(计算机、广播系统等)
be
linked
to
与……有关联，与……有联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We
should
link
theory
with
practice.
②The
two
spacecraft
will
link
up
in
space.
③He
believed
that
these
creatures
are
linked
to
a
common
ancestor，an
animal
that
lived
in
Asia
some
300，000
years
ago.
他认为，这些动物与一个共同的祖先相关联，该动物生活在约30万年前的亚洲。
Sentence
Pattern
重点句式 be
said
to据说……
(教材P56) Alexander
the
Great
and
Marco
Polo
were
said
to
have
visited
such
a
tree
in
India.
据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过这样一棵树。
句式分析：sb./sth.
is
said...是一个被动语态的谓语形式，常译为“据说……”，此结构中被动语态的谓语动词后总是跟一个不定式。
[例1] He
was
said
to
have
lost
his
will
to
live.
据说他已经失去了生存的意志。
[例2] They
are
said
to
control
large
parts
of
the
east
and
south
of
the
country.
据说他们控制了该国东部和南部的大片地区。
[知识拓展]
(1)本句型中的不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式，分别表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。
(2)类似句型：
sb./sth.
is
believed/thought/hoped/reported
to
do
sth.
＝It
is
believed/thought/hoped/reported
that...
人们相信/认为/希望/据报道……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①He
is
said
to
be
writing
(write)
another
novel
about
the
same
theme.
②She
is
said
to
have
gone
(go)
abroad.
③America
is
reported
(report)
to
declare
war
on
Iran
likely.
④It
is
reported
that
over
50
people
lost
their
lives
in
the
big
fire.
→Over
50
people
are
reported
to
have
lost
their
lives
in
the
big
fire.
排序题
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序，解题方法可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
[例文]
Marc
was
an
unusual
child
even
as
a
baby.At
just
six
months
of
age，he
would
sit
through
a
two?hour
classical
music
concert.By
the
time
he
was
two，he
started
to
read
and
sing
Beethoven
symphonies
(交响曲)．While
his
mother
thought
this
was
unusual，she
did
not
realize
his
musical
gifts
until
he
was
at
a
friend's
party
and
started
to
play
a
nursery
rhyme
on
the
piano.
With
lessons
from
his
mom
and
then
a
professional
teacher，Marc's
skills
improved
a
lot.By
the
time
he
was
five，he
had
learned
another
musical
instrument—the
cello(大提琴)．When
he
was
just
six
and
a
half，he
picked
up
a
famous
prize—the
Davidson
Fellowship
in
Music，which
is
usually
given
to
musicians
18
or
older.
After
making
his
orchestra
debut
(初次演出)at
the
age
of
six，there
has
been
no
looking
back
for
this
musical
genius.He
is
always
travelling，either
to
perform
at
concerts
or
for
piano
lessons.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
CORRECT
order
to
describe
Marc's
music
career
according
to
the
text?
a．He
began
to
learn
the
cello.
b．He
made
his
orchestra
debut.
c．He
won
the
Davidson
Fellowship
in
Music.
d．He
started
to
read
and
sing
Beethoven
symphonies.
e．He
could
sit
through
a
two?hour
classical
music
concert.
A．e?a?b?d?c
B．e?d?a?b?c
C．b?c?e?d?a
D．e?d?a?c?b
[解析] 根据第一、二、三段中的时间点“six
months
of
age，he
was
two，he
was
five，he
was
just
six
and
a
half，at
the
age
of
six”可知。
[答案] B
[即学即练] 请快速排出下列事件的正确顺序
A
schoolgirl
saved
her
father's
life
by
kicking
him
in
the
chest
after
he
suffered
a
serious
allergic
(过敏的)reaction
which
stopped
his
heart.
Izzy，nine，restarted
father
Colm's
heart
by
stamping(踩)on
his
chest
after
he
fell
down
at
home
and
stopped
breathing.
Izzy's
mother，Debbie，immediately
called
999
but
Izzy
knew
doctors
would
never
arrive
in
time
to
save
her
father，so
decided
to
use
CPR.
However，she
quickly
discovered
her
arms
weren't
strong
enough，so
she
stamped
on
her
father's
chest
instead.
What's
the
right
order
of
the
events?
①Izzy
kicked
Colm. ②Debbie
called
999. ③Izzy
learned
CPR. ④Colm's
heart
stopped.
A．③①②④
B．④②③①
C．③④②①
D．④③①②
[答案] C
8/8课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They
had
intended
(intend)
to
arrive
before
ten，but
they
were
trapped
in
a
traffic
jam.
2．At
the
end
of
the
meeting，it
was
announced
that
an
agreement
had
been
reached
(reach)．
3．By
the
end
of
last
year
they
had
turned
(turn)
out
1，000
machines.
4．Scarcely
had
the
boy
reached
school
when
the
bell
rang.
5．By
the
time
I
got
home，they
had
left
(leave)
the
meeting
room.
6．By
nine
o'clock
last
night，we
had
got
(get)
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.
7．It
was
the
first
time
that
he
had
seen
(see)
so
strange
a
car.
8．The
new
bridge
had
been
designed
(design)
by
the
end
of
last
month.
9．I
found
the
lecture
hard
to
follow
because
it
had
started
(start)
when
I
arrived.
10．Mr.Smith
died
yesterday.He
had
been
(be)
a
good
friend
of
mine.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It
was
in
spring，1968.I
was
standing
beside
a
road，hoping
someone
could
give
me
a
1
．I
was
heading
back
to
campus
that
was
miles
away
and
I
was
considering
2
．
Many
drivers
slowed
down
and
then
3
after
having
a
look
at
me.I
didn't
4
them.Why
would
they
pick
up
a
bearded，long?haired
stranger？My
life
was
very
5
．I
felt
at
a
loss
in
college.I
considered
packing
up
my
belongings
when
returning
to
my
6
．
Two
hours
passed.Finally
a
car
7
．I
told
the
driver
my
destination.“The
college
in
Oneonta？That's
8
．Get
in，”
he
said.“I'm
Aaron.This
is
my
wife，Sylvia.”“I'm
Dave，a
junior，”I
said.
Aaron
asked
what
I
was
9
in
college.“History，”I
said.“Secondary
education.”
“So
you'll
be
a
teacher，”
he
said.I
nodded.“
10
！”
He
said
excitedly.I
was
surprised
by
his
reaction.Sylvia
explained
Aaron's
dream
was
to
be
a
teacher.
11
，he
couldn't
afford
college
schooling.So
he
really
12
me.
Aaron
asked
about
my
college
life.I
painted
a
positive
picture
of
my
13
．For
the
first
time，I
saw
my
future
in
front
of
me—to
be
a
good
teacher.I
was
filled
with
a
sense
of
14
．Thanks
to
the
couple，I
gave
up
the
idea
of
discontinuing
my
studies
and
finally
15
a
successful
teaching
career.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了想要辍学的作者在一次搭顺风车的经历中找到了自己的人生目标，决定继续上学的故事。
1．A.direction
B．chance
C．lift
D．job
C [根据“heading
back
to
campus
that
was
miles
away”及下文描述可知，作者希望搭便车返校。]
2．A.walking
forward
B．dropping
out
C．moving
back
D．checking
in
B [根据最后一段“the
idea
of
discontinuing
my
studies”可知，作者正考虑辍学。]
3．A.left
B．stopped
C．laughed
D．escaped
A [由下文“Why
would
they
pick
up...？”和“Two
hours
passed.Finally
a
car...”可推测，很多司机看了作者一眼就离开了。]
4．A.trust
B．forget
C．know
D．blame
D [由“Why
would
they
pick
up...stranger？”可推断，作者也能理解这些司机为什么不想让他搭乘。所以并不责怪他们。]
5．A.messy
B．simple
C．ordinary
D．healthy
A [由“bearded，long?haired”及“felt
at
a
loss”可推知，作者的生活一团糟。]
6．A.home
B．camp
C．dorm
D．office
C [作者想要辍学，打算回学校宿舍打包行李。]
7．A.pulled
in
B．went
back
C．passed
by
D．broke
down
A [由“I
told
the
driver
my
destination.”可推断，终于有一辆汽车停了下来。]
8．A.unheard
B．attractive
C．uncompleted
D．distant
D [根据上文“campus
that
was
miles
away”可推知，作者的学校离得很远。]
9．A.lecturing
B．majoring
C．worrying
D．challenging
B [根据作者的回答可知，Aaron问的是作者在大学里主修什么专业。]
10．A.Surprising
B．Fantastic
C．Boring
D．Terrible
B [根据“He
said
excitedly.”和下文“Aaron's
dream
was
to
be
a
teacher”可推知，Aaron认为当老师太棒了！]
11．A.Instead
B．Otherwise
C．However
D．Therefore
C [Aaron的梦想就是当老师，但是(However)他上不起大学。]
12．A.hated
B．supported
C．pitied
D．admired
D [所以Aaron非常羡慕作者有机会上大学、当老师。]
13．A.future
B．appearance
C．experiences
D．family
C [根据上文“asked
about
my
college
life”可知，作者描述的是他在学校的经历。]
14．A.purpose
B．achievement
C．security
D．humor
A [根据上文“I
saw
my
future
in
front
of
me”可知，作者不再迷茫，有了目标感(即找到了自己的人生目标)。]
15．A.missed
B．began
C．returned
to
D．put
off
B [作者放弃了辍学的打算，最终开启了自己的教学生涯，成了一名优秀的教师。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
For
decades，dog
lovers
have
been
incorrectly
calculating
the
age
of
their
pets.People
have
1.________
(traditional)
worked
out
their
dogs'
ages
by
multiplying
seven
in
humans'
years.However，2.________
(judge)
a
dog's
age，researchers
in
the
US
had
come
up
3.________
a
new
formula
(公式)．They
said
it
determines
dogs'
age
more
correctly
than
other
methods.A
4.________
(compare)
between
the
genomes(基因组)of
dogs
and
humans
got
5.________
(involve)
in
the
new
method.Scientists
analyzed
how
DNA
changes
6.________
humans
and
dogs
age.They
regarded
such
DNA
analysis
as
the
7.________
(good)
way
to
measure
the
ageing
speed
of
mammals.
The
researchers
analyzed
blood
samples
from
105
dogs
and
created
a
chart
to
show
the
different
rates
at
8.________
humans
and
dogs
age.They
said
a
one?year?old
dog
is
similar
to
a
30?year?old
person，while
a
four?year?old
dog
is
like
a
52?year?old
person.The
researchers
said
when
a
dog
9.________
(reach)
seven
years
old，its
ageing
will
slow.They
said
their
new
formula
doesn't
fully
explain
the
fact
that
various
10.________
(type)
of
dogs
age
at
different
speeds.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种计算狗的年龄的新方法。
1．traditionally [考查副词。修饰谓语动词worked
out，要用副词，故填traditionally。]
2．to
judge [考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。]
3．with [考查介词。come
up
with
sth.是固定短语，意为“提出，想出”。]
4．comparison [考查名词。句子缺主语，且前面有冠词a，故填comparison。]
5．involved [考查非谓语动词。此处用过去分词作表语，构成系表结构，故填involved。]
6．as [考查连词。前后两个句子所表示的动作同时进行，故用as，意为“随着”。]
7．best [考查形容词。修饰名词way用形容词，且前面有定冠词the，故填best，表示“基因分析法是测定哺乳动物衰老速度的最好的方法”。]
8．which [考查定语从句。这是一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，介词后作宾语且指物的关系代词只能用which。]
9．reaches [考查动词时态。时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时，句子主语是a
dog，故填reaches。]
10．types [考查名词。various修饰可数名词复数，故填types，表示“不同种类”。]
5/5速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，was
Charles
Darwin.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．Darwin
began
his
trip
on
the
Beagle
after
he
completed
his
degree.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
3．In
1831，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
4．When
Darwin
reached
the
Galápagos
Islands，he
raised
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－4 BBAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A.that
living
things，including
humans，had
evolved
from
lower
forms
of
life
B．that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory
C．that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor
D．that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”
E．what
food
was
available
on
that
particular
island
F．how
did
different
species
come
to
exist
1．What's
more，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
________．
2．As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question：________？
3．It
seemed
their
beaks
had
evolved
according
to
________．
4．Darwin
suspected
________，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
5．Many
people
refused
to
believe
________．
6．But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
________．
[答案] 1－6 DFECAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
A
Journey
of
Discovery
Begin
his
journey
Darwin，who
was
1.fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals，began
his
journey
on
the
ship
of
the
2.Beagle
in
1831.
Generate
ideas
When
he
was
in
South
America，he
collected
samples
of
plants
and
animals.As
he
studied
the
samples
he
raised
the
3.question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist？
Look
for
evidence
In
4.1835，when
he
arrived
at
the
Galápagos
Islands，the
5.birds
interested
him
most，and
he
found
there
was
a
6.difference
between
the
finches
on
each
of
the
islands，which
seemed
their
7.beaks
had
evolved
according
to
the
food
on
the
island.
Develop
ideas
Darwin
8.suspected
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor
arriving
on
the
islands
a
long
time
ago.
Propose
a
theory
His
completely
new
idea
of
9.evolution
was
explained
in
his
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species，which
caused
a
10.storm
to
the
people.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
( )1.Para.1
A．Develop
ideas.
( )2.Para.2
B．Propose
a
theory.
( )3.Para.3
C．On
his
journey.
( )4.Para.4
D．Answered
the
call
of
the
captain.
( )5.Para.5
E．Generate
ideas.
( )6.Para.6
F．The
greatness
of
his
book.
( )7.Para.7
G．Look
for
more
evidence.
[答案] 1－5 DCEGA 6－7 BF
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What
can
you
know
from
the
passage?
A．The
captain
thought
highly
of
Darwin.
B．Darwin
is
the
only
one
to
answer
the
call
of
the
captain.
C．Darwin
performed
well
when
he
was
in
college.
D．Darwin's
father
didn't
support
Darwin's
journey.
2．Which
of
the
following
didn't
attract
Darwin?
A．Rocks.
B．Plants.
C．Travel.
D．Animals.
3．How
did
new
species
of
plants
and
animals
exist?
A．They
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time.
B．They
evolved
to
adapt
to
the
changing
environment.
C．People's
activities
affected
their
changes.
D．They
evolved
from
different
ancestors.
4．Why
did
people
feel
shocked
by
Darwin's
theory?
A．Because
of
its
newness.
B．Because
it
was
not
convincing.
C．Because
Darwin
succeeded
in
travelling
abroad.
D．Because
Darwin
discovered
many
new
species.
5．What
kind
of
person
was
Darwin
according
to
the
passage?
A．Humorous
and
clever.
B．Intelligent
and
adventurous.
C．Knowledgeable
and
brave.
D．Ambitious
and
persistent.
[答案] 1－5 DCBAD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(五)——描述心理活动
A．阅读文中含有描述心理活动的语句。
1．But
Darwin
began
to
think
differently.
2．Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描述心理活动的。
1．The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist，fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.
2．As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
[答案] 1
4/4观察日志
本单元写作项目是描写植物生长过程的观察日志。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——写作目的；
2．主体(body)——植物成长的过程；
3．结尾(ending)——你的感受。
[常用词块]
1．growth
condition
of
the
plant植物生长条件
2．a
hole
large
enough一个足够大的洞
3．put
the
earth
back
in
the
hole把土回填到洞里
4．up
to
20
feet
in
length长度达20英尺
5．select
proper
seeds挑选合适的种子
6．a
light
application
of
fertilizer使用微量的肥料
[常用语句]
精彩开头
1．Do
you
have
an
experience
of
planting
a
kind
of
plant？你有过种植植物的经历吗？
2．Let
me
share
you
with
the
process
about
my
experience
of
growing
watermelon?
让我和你分享我种植西瓜的经历。
3．I
once
lived
in
the
countryside
and
planted
some
garlic
in
the
garden.
我曾经在乡村住过，在菜园里种过大蒜。
丰满主体
1．Check
to
see
if
there
are
any
local
requirements
about
digging.
检查当地是否有关于挖掘的要求。
2．Take
a
suitable
shovel
and
dig
a
hole
that
is
4－5
times
the
width
of
the
root
ball，more
than
enough
so
it
will
fit.
用一把合适的铲子挖一个比球宽4－5倍的洞，足够大，这样就合适了。
3．Use
the
garden
cultivator
to
loosen
the
dirt
all
around
the
hole
to
make
it
easier
for
the
roots
to
spread.
用园艺耕耘机把洞周围的泥土松掉，使根部更容易散开。
余味结尾
1．Seeing
the
flowers，I
was
too
excited
to
express
my
feelings.
看到这些花，我太兴奋了不能表达我的感受。
2．I
can't
wait
to
show
my
grandparents
the
fruit
trees
I
have
planted.
我迫不及待地给祖父母看我种的果树。
3．No
pains，no
gains.
不劳无获。
假定你是正在英国留学的李华，在生物课上，老师要求同学们课后观察一种植物的生长过程，并用日志的形式将该过程记录下来。请你写一篇日志介绍草莓的生长过程，内容包括：
1．幼苗(seedling)植入土壤；
2．两周后：幼苗叶子变大，呈伞状；
3．一个月后：长出花苞(bud)；
4．两个月后：雌蕊(pistil)变成草莓，约5天后，草莓成熟(mature)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[学生习作]
Strawberries
are
many
people's
favourite
fruit.Some
people
want
to
plant
strawberries.The
growth
process
of
them
is
pretty
long.
The
leaves
of
the
seedlings
grow
into
larger
umbrella?shaped
leaves
after
they
have
been
planted
in
the
soil
for
two
weeks.One
month
later，small
buds
begin
to
appear.It
takes
about
two
months
for
the
pistils
to
grow
into
real
strawberries.Five
days
later，we
can
enjoy
fresh
mature
strawberries.
点评：
1．草莓生长过程记述详尽；
2．结尾处没有涉及感受；
3．句与句之间的衔接还不太紧凑。
[升格作文]
Strawberries
are
many
people's
favourite
fruit
and
some
people
even
want
to
plant
strawberries
by
themselves.Actually，the
growth
process
of
them
is
pretty
long.Here
is
my
observation
about
them.
The
leaves
of
the
seedlings
gradually
grow
into
larger
umbrella?shaped
ones
after
they
have
been
planted
in
the
soil
for
two
weeks.One
month
later，small
buds
begin
to
appear.The
following
process
is
a
little
longer，taking
about
two
months
for
the
pistils
to
grow
into
real
strawberries.And
five
days
later，we
can
have
fresh
mature
strawberries.
Isn't
it
interesting
to
watch
the
growth
process?
假如你是李华，请你写一篇短文，描述你种植绿豆(mung)的经历。
1．购买种子，种在菜园里；
2．几天后，绿豆长出地面；
3．又过了几天，长出绿叶；
4．给绿豆浇水，长得很好；
5．绿豆不断生长，三个月后终于开花结籽。
注意：1.词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：长出地面come
up；长叶子
come
into
leaf；洒水
sprinkle
water；开花结籽go
to
seed
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Last
summer
I
planted
some
mung
in
my
garden.
First
I
bought
some
seeds
from
a
seedman.Then
I
sowed
them
in
the
garden.A
few
days
later，I
went
to
the
garden
and
found
the
mung
were
beginning
to
come
up.Another
few
days
passed
and
the
mung
were
coming
into
leaf.Now
and
then
I
sprinkled
water
on
them
so
that
they
grew
well.
The
mung
I
planted
kept
growing，and
finally
three
months
later
they
began
to
go
to
seed.I
was
very
happy
to
see
the
fruits
of
my
work.
4/4课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Some
seeds
(种子)
fell
along
the
footpath，and
the
birds
came
and
ate
them
up.
2．He
was
sent
home
in
disgrace
(丢脸；耻辱)
for
laughing
at
one
of
the
other
players.
3．Geologists
(地质学家)
have
studied
the
way
that
heat
flows
from
the
earth.
4．The
interviews
were
given
to
a
random
sample
(样本)
of
students.
5．The
bright
feather
of
many
male
birds
has
evolved
(进化)
to
attract
females.
6．It
is
said
that
their
ancestors
(祖先)
came
to
America
from
India.
7．The
couple
are
living
on
a
distant
(遥远的)
island
and
seldom
return
to
their
hometown.
8．They
are
discussing
a
project
which
is
likely
to
generate
(产生)
profit.
9．It
was
suspected
(怀疑)
that
the
drugs
had
been
brought
into
the
country
by
boat.
10．The
male
is
generally
larger
with
a
shorter
beak
(鸟嘴，喙)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Four
Great
Theme
Parks
with
New
Attractions
Get
ready
for
a
new
year
filled
with
thrills，incredible
entertainment，cutting?edge
rides，and
amazing
new
attractions
at
the
country's
most
popular
theme
parks.
Universal
Studios
Hollywood
Giant
dinosaurs
will
walk
the
Earth
and
shock
guests
when
you
are
experiencing
Universal
Studios
Hollywood's
all?new
Jurassic
World
Ride.The
ride
features
dinosaurs
such
as
T?Rex
as
big
as
five
stories
high.Ride
enthusiasts
take
note：The
technologically
cutting?edge
attraction
features
new
principles
of
hydraulic
(水压的)physics
and
promises
an
eye?opening
prehistoric
experience.
Busch
Gardens
To
celebrate
Busch
Gardens'
birthday，this
park
at
Tampa
Bay
launched(首次推出)an
impressive
new
coaster：Tigris.This
steel
coaster
features
a
150?foot
skyward
movement
with
twists
and
drops
running
60
miles
per
hour
along
the
1，800?foot
steel
track.Don't
miss
the
scariest
roller
coasters
in
America.It
is
designed
to
copy
the
quickness
of
the
world's
largest
and
most
powerful
cat—the
tiger.
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
Lovers
of
classic
cartoon
characters
will
want
to
join
Mickey
on
this
adventure
open
at
Disney's
Hollywood
Studios
in
Florida
in
2019.Mickey
&
Minnie's
Runaway
Railway
features
amazing
visual
effects，a
lovable
theme
song，and
twists
and
turns
ideal
for
the
whole
family.
Universal's
Islands
of
Adventure
As
mysterious
as
Severus
Snape，Universal's
new
Harry
Potter
Coaster
replaced
the
Dragon
Challenge，which
closed
in
2017，and
was
launched
in
mid?2019.The
ride
is
a
technologically
advanced
and
thoroughly
surprising
roller
coaster
that
repeatedly
launches
you
around
the
grounds
outside
Hogwarts—the
fictional
British
boarding
school
of
magic.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国的四个主题公园。
1．Which
theme
park
would
you
choose
if
you
are
into
prehistoric
creatures?
A．Universal's
Islands
of
Adventure.
B．Walt
Disney
World
Resort.
C．Universal
Studios
Hollywood.
D．Busch
Gardens.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Giant
dinosaurs
will
walk
the
Earth”和“an
eye?opening
prehistoric
experience”可知，喜欢史前生物的人会选择Universal
Studios
Hollywood。]
2．What
can
we
learn
about
Busch
Gardens?
A．It
will
appeal
to
animal
lovers.
B．It
is
attractive
to
animated
film
fans.
C．It
provides
US's
most
thrilling
roller
coasters.
D．It
gives
lectures
on
how
to
create
visual
effects.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Don't
miss
the
scariest
roller
coasters
in
America”可知，人们在Busch
Gardens可以体验惊险刺激的过山车。]
3．What
is
the
theme
of
Universal's
Islands
of
Adventure's
new
attraction?
A．Music.
B．Water.
C．History.
D．Magic.
D [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“As
mysterious
as
Severus
Snape”和“the
fictional
British
boarding
school
of
magic”可推知，Universal's
Islands
of
Adventure的新景点以“魔法”为主题。]
B
Biofuels
(生物燃料)，gained
from
plants
and
animal
matter，are
a
key
solution
to
the
environmental
problems
caused
by
fuels
like
coal.Bioalcohol
(生物酒精)
is
the
most
common
biofuel
and
is
produced
by
sugars
found
in
materials
such
as
corn.“With
some
engine
redesigned，it
can
be
used
directly
by
cars，buses，etc.，”says
Professor
Daniel
Tan，“12
per
cent
of
transport
fuel
could
come
from
biofuels，especially
bioalcohol，by
2030.”
But
a
2016
study
of
biofuels
said，“Bioalcohol
presently
is
mostly
produced
with
food
crops.Altogether，the
environmentally
friendly
biofuels
rely
on
about
2－3
per
cent
of
the
global
water
and
land
used
for
agriculture，which
could
feed
a
large
number
of
hungry
people.”
Energy
experts
have
therefore
been
trying
to
deal
with
the
problem.Recent
research
led
by
an
international
team
found
that
the
agave
(龙舌兰)
plant
might
offer
a
way
out.This
plant
tends
to
be
the
right
bioalcohol
source
to
supersede
others
such
as
sugarcane
(甘蔗)
and
corn.
Daniel
Tan
explains
that
the
agave
can
be
grown
in
unfavorable
conditions
and
is
not
a
major
food
crop.“It
can
grow
in
areas
that
lack
water
and
rainfall
without
being
watered
by
farmers;
and
it
does
not
compete
with
food
crops
or
put
demands
on
limited
water.This
kind
of
useful
plant
is
recently
being
grown
in
Australia.It
can
survive
Australia's
hot
summers，”
he
says.
The
study
finds
that
sugarcane
produces
just
a
little
more
fuel
per
square
meter
each
year
than
the
agave.However，the
agave
outperforms
sugarcane
in
a
range
of
areas，including
pollution
to
the
earth，and
water
using.The
agave
uses
69
per
cent
less
water
than
sugarcane
and
46
per
cent
less
water
than
corn
for
the
same
amount
of
fuel
produced.As
for
corn，it
produces
less
fuel
per
square
meter
each
year
than
the
agave.
However，Daniel
Tan
states：“The
first
generation
of
bioalcohol
from
the
agave
recently
faces
a
big
competition
from
oil，whose
recent
low
price
makes
it
far
more
attractive
to
customers.Without
some
policy
support
from
the
government，bioalcohol
production
from
the
agave
faces
big
challenges.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现以龙舌兰为原料来制作生物酒精燃料消耗更少的资源，对环境有益。
4．What
can
we
learn
about
bioalcohol
from
the
first
paragraph?
A．It
is
popular
among
customers
worldwide.
B．It
is
a
kind
of
biofuel
made
from
animal
matter.
C．It
helps
vehicles'
engines
stay
in
good
condition.
D．It
can
play
a
big
role
in
making
transport
fuel
green.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Biofuels...are
a
key
solution
to
the
environmental
problems
caused
by
fuels
like
coal...”及“Bioalcohol
is
the
most
common
biofuel”可知，生物酒精有助于交通运输燃料的环保化。]
5．What
does
the
underlined
word
“supersede”
mean
in
Paragraph
3?
A．Take
the
place
of.
B．Take
advantage
of.
C．Get
away
from.
D．Get
along
with.
A [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...found
that
the
agave
plant
might
offer
a
way
out.”并结合下文内容可推测，龙舌兰将取代甘蔗等作物成为生物酒精燃料的原料。supersede意为“取代，替代”。]
6．What's
the
agave's
strength
according
to
Paragraph
4?
A．It
improves
the
local
weather.
B．It
keeps
the
water
in
the
ground.
C．It
produces
plenty
of
food
for
humans.
D．It
allows
humans
to
use
land
with
poor
condition.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It
can
grow
in
areas
that
lack
water
and
rainfall
and...put
demands
on
limited
water.”可推断，因为龙舌兰对生长环境条件要求不高，通过种植它能使人们利用一些条件不好的土地。]
7．What
does
Daniel
Tan
expect
the
government
to
do?
A．Reduce
the
price
of
oil.
B．Make
some
favorable
policies.
C．Expand
agave
bioalcohol's
production.
D．Introduce
competition
into
agave
bioalcohol
market.
B [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Without
some
policy
support
from
the
government，bioalcohol
production
from
the
agave
faces
big
challenges.”可推断，Daniel
Tan希望政府提供有利的政策支持，推动其进入市场。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Noise
anxiety
is
a
condition
which
is
characterized
by
an
extreme
sensitivity(敏感)to
noise.Someone
with
noise
anxiety
suffers
a
variety
of
stress
and
anxiety?related
emotions
when
he
or
she
is
exposed
to
certain
types
of
noises.Living
with
noise
anxiety
can
be
extremely
annoying.
1
Some
people
are
more
sensible
of
noise
anxiety
than
others.Women
and
those
who
do
not
enjoy
being
with
other
people
easily
suffer
from
depression
or
anxiety.
2
The
condition
can
appear
at
any
time，often
in
response
to
an
increase
of
stress.
A
wide
variety
of
noises
can
contribute
to
noise
anxiety.Some
common
sources
of
noise
anxiety
include：chewing，voices，televisions
and
radios，appliances，and
so
on.
3
Others
might
become
extremely
angry.
4
For
some
people，wearing
earplugs
(耳塞)
and
noise?canceling
headphones
can
help
to
weaken
the
sounds
which
cause
distress.For
those
with
an
anxiety
disorder，it
may
be
a
good
idea
to
seek
other
forms
of
treatment
to
help
them
to
deal
with
noise
anxiety.
Distractions
are
also
an
important
part
of
noise
anxiety
management.
5
Talking
on
the
phone
with
your
family
or
friends
about
positive
topics
can
be
more
powerful
than
you
realize
and
this
is
a
great
way
to
regain
that
mental
strength
you
used
to
have.
A．Treatment
for
noise
anxiety
is
different.
B．For
some，noise
anxiety
mainly
occurs
at
home.
C．So
it
is
important
to
treat
it
seriously
and
properly.
D．They
are
more
likely
to
develop
general
noise
anxiety.
E．Distractions
provide
you
with
an
opportunity
to
calm
down.
F．For
someone
with
an
anxiety
disorder，such
noises
may
cause
stress.
G．Those
sounds
are
created
on
purpose
to
upset
or
annoy
the
sufferer.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由噪音引起的焦虑问题以及应对措施。
1．C [该空位于段尾，与上一句内容存在因果关系，噪音焦虑对人的生活产生影响，所以必须认真正确地对待噪音焦虑问题。故选C。]
2．D [该空位于段中，起承上启下的作用，D项中的they指代
Women
and
those
who
do
not
enjoy
being
with
other
people，本句进一步说明这类人更容易产生噪音焦虑感。故选D。]
3．F [该空位于段中，与后一句内容存在对比关系，说明对患有焦虑症的人来说，这些噪音会产生压力。故选F。]
4．A [该空位于段首，为本段主题句，本段主要讲缓解噪音焦虑的方法因人而异，A项与本段内容吻合，总领该段。故选A。]
5．E [该空位于段中，与上一句内容存在解释关系，说明分散注意力有助于人们平静下来。故选F。]
6/6
