课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list，fur
probably
didn't
cross
your
mind.But
some
ecologists
and
fashion(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have
showcased
nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt?free
fur—unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year，”says
Cree
McCree，project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.“The
ecosystem
down
there
can't
handle
this
non?native
species(物种).It's
destroying
the
environment.It's
them
or
us，”says
Michael
Massimi，an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat?sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.He
says
it's
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green，but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300，000
nutria
tails
a
year，so
part
of
Mouton's
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there's
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashions.Model
Paige
Morgan
says，“To
give
people
a
guilt?free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them—I
think
that's
going
to
be
a
massive
thing，at
least
here
in
New
York.”Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.She's
trying
to
come
up
with
a
label
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco?friendly.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了海狸鼠破坏了生态系统，穿海狸鼠皮毛制成的衣服并不会对环境造成威胁，而且人们也不会有负罪感。
1．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A．To
promote
guilt?free
fur.
B．To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C．To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D．To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have
showcased
nutria
fur”“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt?free
fur...every
year”可知，时装秀的意图是推销无罪恶感的毛皮衣服。故选A。]
2．Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A．Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B．Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C．Nutria
hurt
local
cat?sized
animals.
D．Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”以及第四段中的“The
ecosystem...It's
destroying
the
environment.”
可知，因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏了环境，所以科学家对它们很担心。故选A。]
3．What
does
the
underlined
word“collapsed”in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A．Boomed.
B．Became
mature.
C．Remained
stable.
D．Crashed.
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠(的数量)处于控制之下。根据画线词后的“the
cat?sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.”可知，这种猫大小的动物疯狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场瘫痪了。collapse的意思应是“崩溃”，故选D。]
4．What
can
we
infer
about
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A．It's
formal.
B．It's
risky.
C．It's
harmful.
D．It's
traditional.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To
give
people
a
guilt?free
option...a
massive
thing，at
least
here
in
New
York.”可知，在纽约，穿毛皮衣服具有风险性。故选B。]
B
Groundhog
(土拨鼠)Day
is
a
yearly
holiday
celebrated
on
February
2
in
the
US
and
Canada.Tradition
says
that
on
this
day
the
groundhog
comes
out
of
its
hole
after
winter
sleep
to
look
for
its
shadow(影子).If
the
shadow
is
seen，it's
a
sunny
day.And
the
groundhog
predicts
six
more
weeks
of
cold
winter
weather.But
spring
is
coming
if
no
shadow
is
seen
because
of
clouds.
The
holiday
goes
back
to
the
European
tradition
of
Candlemas，a
Christian
holiday
also
celebrated
on
February
2.There
is
an
old
European
belief
that
a
sunny
Candlemas
day
would
lead
the
winter
to
last
another
six
weeks.The
German
believed
that
a
badger(獾)being
frightened
by
his
shadow
on
Candlemas
would
predict
six
more
weeks
of
cold
weather.This
belief
was
brought
into
America
during
the
18th
century
by
the
German
settlers.These
settlers
used
the
groundhog
as
their
weather
predictor.
Groundhog
Day
features(以……为特色)a
famous
groundhog
named
Punxsutawney
Phil.Every
February
2，Phil
is
brought
to
his
temporary(临时的)home
on
a
hill
outside
the
town
of
Punxsutawney，Pennsylvania，to
predict
the
weather.People
gather
there
early
in
the
morning
to
wait
for
his
appearance.When
he
doesn't
see
his
shadow，loud
cheers
for
the
coming
spring
go
up
from
the
crowd.During
the
rest
of
the
year，Phil
lives
in
the
town
library
with
his
“wife”
Phyllis.
The
festival
has
received
worldwide
attention
since
the
movie
Groundhog
Day
came
out
in
1993.The
comedy(喜剧)takes
place
in
Punxsutawney
on
this
day.A
television
weather
reporter
is
forced
to
relive
the
day
over
and
over
again
until
he
can
learn
to
give
up
his
selfishness
and
become
a
better
person.Since
the
showing
of
the
movie，thousands
of
visitors
have
been
coming
to
Punxsutawney
to
watch
the
real
Groundhog
Day.
Groundhog
Day
is
also
very
popular
in
Canada
and
Wiarton
Willy
is
the
groundhog
that
is
used
to
predict
the
length
of
winter
over
there.
【语篇解读】 每年的2月2日，美国宾夕法尼亚州的一个小镇都会欢度一个有趣的节日——土拨鼠节。
5．If
it
is
cloudy
on
February
2，Phil
will
predict
that
________．
A．spring
will
be
sunny
B．spring
is
coming
in
six
weeks
C．winter
will
end
soon
D．winter
will
last
another
six
weeks
C [细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，如果因为天气多云，土拨鼠看不到自己的影子，那么春天就会到来了，故选C。]
6．The
movie
Groundhog
Day
________．
A．has
made
Groundhog
Day
more
popular
B．is
about
an
honest
television
news
reporter
C．tells
a
story
that
happens
after
Groundhog
Day
D．is
shown
in
Punxsutawney
every
February
2
A [细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，电影《土拨鼠日》让土拨鼠节赢得了全世界的关注，故选A。]
7．This
passage
most
probably
comes
from
a
book
on
________．
A．local
customs
and
practices
B．scientific
study
C．the
habit
of
animals
D．geographic
study
A [文章出处题。本文主要讲的是每年的2月2日，美国宾夕法尼亚州的一个小镇都会欢度一个有趣的节日——土拨鼠节，故A项(当地风土人情)最恰当。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My
sister
Jeanne
and
I
were
born
only
14
months
apart，and
we
once
shared
many
happy
moments.She
liked
telling
jokes
to
me
and
I
would
laugh
heartily.
She
always
said
she
loved
my
laughter
and
it
was
the
most
impressive
sound
for
her.But
by
the
time
we
were
teenagers
we
had
years
without
speaking
and
lost
touch
due
to
family
breaking.By
age
19，I
had
moved
away
from
our
home
in
Wisconsin
to
live
on
my
father's
horse
farm
in
Virginia.
Jeanne
got
married
at
20，moved
to
Chicago，and
became—well，I
didn't
know
what.We
lived
separate
lives
in
separate
states，and
our
connection
somehow
ended.
Fast?forward
about
five
years.I
was
24
and
on
a
trip
with
my
best
friend
to
New
York
City，a
place
I
had
never
been
to.It
was
so
different
from
my
hometown.I
was
used
to
riding
my
horse
to
the
corner
store
where
everyone
knew
everyone
and
everything
went
on
in
the
quiet
little
cowboy
town
of
Driver，Virginia.We
went
to
New
York
to
visit
my
friend's
cousin
and
see
the
sights.We
went
to
Little
Italy,
the
Statue
of
Liberty，Chinatown,
and
several
Manhattan
clubs.I
had
never
seen
so
many
taxis
in
one
spot
in
all
my
life.
During
a
day
of
sightseeing，we
were
crossing
a
very
busy
street
loaded
with
people.Everyone
was
in
a
hurry.I
was
laughing
at
something
my
friend
just
said，and
then
I
suddenly
heard
my
name
yelled
from
somewhere
behind
me：“Cheryl！”The
voice
was
so
familiar.I
froze
in
my
steps
in
the
middle
of
the
road.Tears
welled
up
spontaneously(不由自主地)in
my
eyes.I
knew
without
a
shadow
of
a
doubt
that
it
was
my
sister
Jeanne.I
yelled
back
before
even
turning
to
look.“Jeanne？”
It
was
her.“Oh
my！”I
screamed,
and
I
began
pushing
people
out
of
my
way
to
get
to
her.The
crowd
started
to
part—even
by
New
York
standards，we
must
have
seemed
crazy.And
there
we
were，standing
in
the
middle
of
a
Manhattan
street，facing
each
other
and
smiling.I
couldn't
believe
it.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I
later
asked
how
she'd
known
it
was
me._______________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Since
that
time,
my
sister
and
I
have
never
been
separated.____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
I
later
asked
how
she'd
known
it
was
me.She
said
it
was
my
laugh，the
impressive
and
unforgettable
sound.My
laugh
is
not
all
that
unusual，but
I
guess
to
a
family
member
it's
infectious.It
hits
her
heart
and
resonates
in
her
mind.I
asked
her
what
she
was
doing
in
New
York，and
she
said
she
had
come
for
an
opera
showing
and
was
there
for
only
a
week.Neither
of
us
has
ever
returned
to
New
York，and
both
our
visits
were
spontaneous
trips
planned
just
a
week
earlier.
Since
that
time,
my
sister
and
I
have
never
been
separated.We
both
moved
back
to
Wisconsin.We
talked
and
joked
daily
like
before.Many
years
have
passed，and
my
sister
and
I
are
now
both
in
our
50s.I
see
the
chance
of
meeting
as
more
of
a
lesson，a
reminder
not
to
lose
touch
with
loved
ones.After
our
sister?to?sister
miracle，I
don't
plan
to
let
that
happen
again.Also，I
know
the
secret
to
connect
each
other.
1课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
boy
about
whom
they
often
talk
is
very
kind.
2．Is
there
any
reason
for
which
you
should
have
a
holiday?
3．There
are
different
kinds
of
books
from
which
you
may
choose.
4．There
are
very
few
existing
studies
to
draw
conclusive
evidence
on
which
pram
design
is
the
best.
5．Water
is
a
thing
without
which
man
can't
live.
6．We
settled
down
in
a
small
house
in
front
of
which
lay
an
old
tall
tree.
7．The
school
in
which
the
celebration
is
held
lies
in
the
east
of
the
town.
8．Do
you
remember
the
day
on
which
we
entered
the
semi?finals?
9．This
is
the
man
with
whom
I
have
worked
together
for
twenty
years.
10．The
plan
to
which
most
people
present
didn't
agree
was
called
off.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
As
ice
melts
in
West
Antarctica，the
ground
beneath
is
quickly
rising
—
a
process
that
could
prevent
the
catastrophic
(灾难性的)collapse
of
ice
sheets，according
to
researchers.
A
study
published
in
the
journal
Science
provides
a
glimmer
(一丝)of
hope
for
a
region
affected
by
climate
change.In
recent
years，several
studies
have
warned
that
the
ice
sheet，which
contributes
to
a
quarter
of
melted
ice
worldwide
annually，is
very
easy
to
break
up.Scientists
fear
even
slightly
melting
could
cause
global
sea
levels
to
rise
by
3
metres.
Researchers
at
the
Technical
University
of
Denmark
set
out
to
answer
how
the
bedrock
underneath
the
ice
sheet
of
West
Antarctica
behaves
as
the
ice
melts.To
study
the
land，the
team
analyzed
data
collected
by
high?precision
GPS
equipment
positioned
on
remote
rock
formations
in
West
Antarctica，which
measured
movements
of
the
land
down
to
the
millimetre
over
a
10?year
period.
“After
a
heroic
effort
to
install
and
maintain
the
network
of
sensors
in
one
of
the
least
accessible
places
on
the
planet，the
team
has
been
rewarded
with
incredibly
valuable
data，which
tell
an
incredible
story
about
the
Earth，”
wrote
Valentina
Barletta.
The
team
found
that
the
Earth
was
pushing
the
bedrock
to
rise
faster
than
expected.In
2014，the
surface
rose
by
41
millimetres:
four
to
five
times
quicker
than
predicted.In
100
years，the
land
could
be
up
to
10
metres
higher
than
it
is
currently.
It
is
hoped
that
as
the
ice
melts，the
Earth's
crust
(地壳)will
bounce
back
much
faster
than
previously
expected.In
turn，this
could
stabilize
what
the
researchers
described
as
the
“catastrophic
collapse”
of
the
ice
sheet.
Barletta
told
Newsweek
the
ice
sheet
will
never
be
stable
if
global
warming
becomes
too
extreme.“Reducing
the
greenhouse
gas
will
give
the
ice
sheet
a
better
chance
of
survival
because
that
would
allow
some
known
and
unknown
feedback
to
create
better
conditions
for
the
ice，”
she
said.
【语篇解读】 研究发现，随着冰融化，西南极洲地下部分迅速上升，这一过程可以防止灾难性的冰盖坍塌。
1．What
happens
to
West
Antarctica
as
ice
melts?
A．The
ground
beneath
is
getting
taller.
B．Its
ice
sheets
break
up
completely.
C．Global
sea
levels
rise
by
3
metres.
D．Climate
change
comes
to
an
end.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“As
ice
melts
in
West
Antarctica，the
ground
beneath
is
quickly
rising”可知，随着冰融化，西南极洲地下部分迅速上升。故选A。]
2．Why
do
researchers
use
high?precision
GPS
equipment?
A.To
find
out
whether
the
ice
sheet
is
very
easy
to
break
up.
B．To
find
out
the
connection
between
the
bedrock
and
ice
melting.
C.To
find
out
what
really
affects
the
speed
of
ice
melting.
D．To
find
out
when
West
Antarctica
will
disappear
totally.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“set
out
to
answer
how
the
bedrock
underneath
the
ice
sheet
of
West
Antarctica
behaves
as
the
ice
melts.To
study
the
land,
the
team
analyzed
data
collected
by
high?precision
GPS
equipment”可知，研究人员使用这一设备的目的在于研究冰盖下的基岩与冰融化之间的联系。故选B。]
3．How
did
the
research
team
feel
about
the
study
result?
A．Disappointed.
B．Sorry.
C．Surprised.
D．Angry.
C [推理判断题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是其中的“than
expected”
“than
predicted”可知，研究者对研究结果感到意外。故选C。]
4．What
should
we
do
for
the
ice
sheet's
survival?
A．Stop
the
bedrock
from
rising.
B．Install
more
high?precision
GPS
equipment.
C．Create
more
ice
for
the
ice
sheet.
D．Cut
down
the
greenhouse
gas.
D [细节理解题。根据第七段第二句中的“Reducing
the
greenhouse
gas
will
give
the
ice
sheet
a
better
chance
of
survival”可知，减少温室气体排放将使冰盖有更好的幸存机会。由此可知D项符合题意。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
One
sunny
afternoon，a
seven?year?old
girl
went
for
a
walk.She
crossed
a
large
area
of
grassland
into
the
woods
before
she
realized
that
she
was
lost.
Sitting
on
a
rock
and
__1__
what
to
do，she
began
crying.After
a
while，she
__2__
to
walk
along
a
wide
path
lined
with
tall
trees
and
thick
bushes.When
it
was
getting
dark，she
saw
a
small，dark
wooden
house.She
opened
the
door
and
__3__
stepped
in.Suddenly，she
heard
a
strange
noise，and
she
ran
out
of
the
door
and
back
to
the
__4__．Cold
and
tired，she
fell
asleep
near
a
__5__．
The
girl's
parents
were
out
and
her
dog，Laddy，was
at
home.Laddy
__6__
that
his
mistress
was
in
danger.He
looked
in
the
fields.But
he
couldn't
find
his
mistress
anywhere.However，from
the
ground
came
a
__7__
scent(气味)as
he
lowered
his
head.He
__8__
the
scent
and
walked
across
the
grassland.Barking
__9__
into
the
air，the
dog
__10__
through
the
woods
until
he
found
the
__11__．But
the
girl
was
not
there，so
he
headed
back
to
the
woods.Much
to
his
__12__，he
saw
his
mistress'
blue
shirt
in
the
distance.He
jumped
over
some
bushes
and
saw
the
little
stream，where
the
girl
was
__13__．
When
she
opened
her
eyes
and
saw
her
dog
standing
beside
her，the
girl
said，“You
__14__
me，Laddy.”
and
she
kissed
him
several
times.Seeing
their
daughter
and
dog
coming
back，the
parents
burst
into
tears
of
__15__．That
night
Laddy
had
a
hero's
supper:
a
huge
meal
of
steak.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个七岁的小女孩和她家的狗Laddy之间的故事。小女孩在树林里迷路了，她的狗Laddy找到了她并把她带回了家，成了英雄，得到了一大块牛排的奖励。
1．A.wondering
B．remembering
C．forgetting
D．regretting
A [根据上文she
realized
that
she
was
lost可知，她迷路了，所以不知道(wondering)做什么。]
2．A.preferred
B．expected
C．decided
D．failed
C [过了一会儿她决定(decided)沿着一条小路走，小路两边是高树和灌木。]
3．A.carelessly
B．cautiously
C．hopelessly
D．unwillingly
B [小女孩迷路了，看到了一个陌生的房子，所以应该是小心翼翼地(cautiously)进去。]
4．A.trees
B．bushes
C．grasses
D．woods
D [根据前文中She
crossed
a
large
area
of
grassland
into
the
woods可知，她走进了一片树林，所以在到这所房子前是在树林里，受到惊吓，她又回到了树林(woods)。]
5．A.stream
B．rock
C．tree
D．house
A [根据下文He
jumped
over
some
bushes
and
saw
the
little
stream，where
the
girl
was
________．可知，女孩睡在了小溪旁(stream)。]
6．A.heard
B．sensed
C．found
D．smelt
B [Laddy感觉到(sensed)它的女主人有危险。女孩迷路了，说明她距离家有一段路程，所以狗只能是感觉到。]
7．A.terrible
B．strange
C．familiar
D．pleasant
C [当它低头时，闻到了一股熟悉的(familiar)气味。女孩是狗的小女主人，所以狗很熟悉她的气味。]
8．A.missed
B．discovered
C．followed
D．ignored
C [它跟随着(followed)气味穿过了草地。狗的天性是能跟随气味找到人，女孩走过的路会留下女孩的气味。]
9．A.loudly
B．calmly
C．merrily
D．gently
A [小狗Laddy要寻找迷路的小主人，因此要大声地(loudly)叫。]
10．A.searched
B．looked
C．wandered
D．travelled
A [上文提到Laddy意识到小女主人有危险了，所以一路寻找(searched)过来。]
11．A.window
B．girl
C．house
D．hero
C [根据上文she
saw
a
small，dark
wooden
house可知，小狗顺着树林找直到看到那个小房子(house)。
]
12．A.sadness
B．disappointment
C．embarrassment
D．delight
D [小狗在不远处看到它的女主人的蓝色衣服，因此它非常高兴(delight)。]
13．A.awake
B．asleep
C．available
D．abandoned
B [根据上文Cold
and
tired，she
fell
asleep
near
a
________．可知，女孩睡着了(asleep)。]
14．A.rescued
B．comforted
C．disturbed
D．scared
A [小狗把迷路的小主人带回了家，所以是救了(rescued)她。]
15．A.pain
B．shock
C．sorrow
D．relief
D [看到女儿和小狗回来了，女孩的父母留下了眼泪，如释重负(relief)。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
If
you
go
out
to
the
fields
at
night
in
spring
or
summer，you
can
hear
frogs
singing
1.________
(happy)here
and
there.It
seems
as
if
they
were
performing
a
field
group
singing.
The
frog
is
a
good
and
useful
creature
that
benefits
human
beings.They
can
catch
fast?moving
2.________
(insect).Each
frog
eats
a
large
number
of
pests
(害虫)that
are
harmful
to
crops.This
little
creature
is
regarded
3.________
“the
natural
enemy
of
pests”．
But
now
frogs
4.________
(get)fewer
and
fewer.This
is
because
they
are
killed
and
put
on
the
table
as
5.________
delicious
dish
by
their
chief
enemy—human
beings.It
is
a
shameless
and
cruel
act，isn't
it?
The
cause
that
is
6.________
(responsibility)
for
the
rapid
reduction
of
frogs
is
that
farmers
use
insect
killer
to
kill
pests
and
frogs
get
killed
as
a
result
of
drinking
poisoned
water
while
7.________
(eat)poison?killed
insects.
Something
must
be
done
as
soon
as
possible
8.________
(save)frogs.If
we
don't
punish
those
9.________
sell
and
kill
frogs
to
make
money，then
one
day
all
of
us
10.________
(punish)by
nature
for
failing
to
protect
them.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了青蛙是一种对人类有益的动物，但是现在青蛙越来越少了，这是因为人类把它们当成了美味佳肴，农民大量使用杀虫剂，所以我们必须尽快采取措施拯救青蛙。
1．happily [考查副词。句意：如果你在春天或夏天的晚上到田野里去，你可以听到青蛙快乐地到处唱歌。本空修饰现在分词singing，故应用副词happily。]
2．insects [考查名词复数。句意：它们可以捕捉快速移动的昆虫。insect是可数名词，空前没有不定冠词，故应使用复数形式insects。]
3．as [考查介词。句意：这种小动物被认为是“害虫的天敌”。be
regarded
as意为“被认为是……”，故本空应用介词as。]
4．are
getting [考查时态。句意：但是现在青蛙变得越来越少了。根据语境可知，本句应用现在进行时，表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。]
5．a [考查冠词。句意：这是因为它们被它们的主要敌人——人类杀死，并作为一道美味佳肴摆在桌子上。dish为可数名词，此处表示“一道美味佳肴”，故本空应用不定冠词a。]
6．responsible [考查形容词。句意：导致青蛙数量迅速减少的原因是农民使用杀虫剂杀死害虫，而青蛙则是在食用毒死的昆虫的同时饮用有毒的水而被杀死的。be
responsible
for意为“对……负责；是……的原因”，故本空应用形容词responsible。]
7．eating [考查现在分词。while
________
(eat)poison?killed
insects为状语从句的省略句。eat的逻辑主语是frogs，frogs和动词eat之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。while
eating...是while
frogs
are
eating...的省略形式。]
8．to
save [考查动词不定式。句意：为了保护青蛙，要刻不容缓地采取行动。根据句意可知，本空表示目的，故应使用动词不定式to
save。]
9．who [考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，先行词是those(那些人)，关系词在从句中做主语，指人，故应使用关系代词who。]
10．will
be
punished [考查时态及语态。句意：如果我们不惩罚那些为了赚钱而卖青蛙和杀青蛙的人，那么总有一天我们所有人都会因为没有保护好青蛙而受到大自然的惩罚。根据one
day可知，本空应用一般将来时；主语all
of
us和动词punish之间为被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。]
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.beauty
A．v.to
travel
on
water
using
sails
or
an
engine
( )2.sail
B．adj.令人愉快的
( )3.rent
C．n.美，美丽
( )4.pleasant
D．n.the
taste
experience
when
a
food
is
taken
into
the
mouth
( )5.flavour
E．v.租用，租借
[答案] 1－5 CAEBD
B．短语匹配
( )1.reflect
on
A．也；还；既……又……
( )2.lead
to
B．对……有好处
( )3.be
good
for
C．思考
( )4.millions
of
D．导致；通往
( )5.as
well
as
E．数百万
[答案] 1－5 CDBEA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．replace
v.
以……替换，更换
2．material
n.
材料
3．desert
n.
沙漠，荒漠
4．climate
n.
气候
5．inside
adv.
在(建筑物、房间)内
6．publish
v.
出版
7．expert
adj.
内行的，专家的
8．branch
n.
树枝
9．limited
adj.
有限的
10．benefit
n.
好处，益处
11．energy
n.
力量，活力
12．system
n.
系统
13．living
adj.
活的，活着的
14．narrow
adj.
狭窄的，不宽的
Ⅰ.语境填空
replace，expert，climate，structure，living，narrow，
inside，publish，system，pleasant
1．As
we
all
know，he
is
expert
at
operating
the
machines
like
that.
2．First，read
the
text
and
get
the
structure
of
it.
3．A
narrow
steep
path
made
us
feel
frightened
to
climb.
4．He
is
said
to
publish
his
third
book
next
month.
5．We
had
a
pleasant
day
together
in
the
countryside
last
weekend.
6．You
need
pay
some
money
to
enter
the
control
system．
7．There
are
so
many
foreign
visitors
inside
the
hall.
8．All
the
living
things
on
the
earth
should
be
respected.
9．The
climate
here
is
changeable
and
there
are
more
rainy
days.
10．Do
you
think
it
is
possible
that
robots
will
replace
the
workers
in
the
workplace
in
the
future?
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It
can
be
beneficial
(benefit)to
share
your
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
2．I
was
deeply
impressed
with
the
beautiful(beauty)countryside
scene.
3．She
is
using
the
limited
(limit)time
to
get
enough
experience
for
her
work.
4．Take
a
good
rest
and
do
enough
exercise.You'll
be
energetic(energy).
5．It
was
pleasant(please)for
me
to
stay
with
my
children
for
a
day
at
home.
6．A
health?conscious
consumer(consume)wants
more
information
about
the
food
he
or
she
buys.
7．A
bad
sailor(sail)is
a
person
who
often
becomes
sick
at
sea.
8．They
worked
in
a
rented(rent)studio
ten
years
ago.
1．Today，millions
of
Brits
like
to
say
that
they
have
“green
fingers”，with
around
half
the
population
spending
their
free
time
gardening.
数以百万计的英国人喜欢说他们有高超的种植技能，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
2．Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses，and
others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetables
to
enter
into
competitions.
专业的园丁知道种植玫瑰花的恰当地方，其他人则花好几个小时试图种植出完美的蔬菜来参与比赛。
3．And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass，some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
1The
first
in
time
and
the
first
in
importance
of
the
influences
upon
the
mind
is
that
of
nature.
—Ralph
Waldo
Emerson
在所有对头脑的影响中，大自然的影响可谓在时间上最早，在作用上最为重要。
——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生
We
won't
have
a
society
if
we
destroy
the
environment.
—Maegaret
Mead
如果我们毁坏了环境，社会将不复存在。
——玛格丽特·米德
Only
to
obey
nature
in
order
to
overcome
nature.
—Charles
Darwin
要征服自然只能服从自然。
——查尔斯·达尔文
Nature
is
kind
of
a
loving
mother，but
also
a
butcher
in
cold
blood.
—Victor
Hugo
自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。
——维克多·雨果
Nature
is
the
mother
of
mankind.We
get
almost
everything
from
her.We
live
on
natural
food.We
make
clothes
from
natural
materials.And
we
build
our
houses
of
stone
and
wood.However，with
the
development
of
human
beings，man
has
destroyed
the
balance
of
nature.Water，air
and
soil
have
been
badly
polluted.Some
kinds
of
animals
and
plants
have
died
out
completely.As
a
result，man
is
being
punished
by
nature.Many
people
suffer
a
lot
from
all
kinds
of
diseases
caused
by
pollution.Therefore
only
when
we
treat
nature
well
will
she
look
after
us.
The
last
hidden
world—China
For
centuries，travellers
to
China
have
told
tales
of
magical
landscapes
and
surprising
creatures.Chinese
civilization
is
the
world's
oldest
and
today
it's
largest
with
well
over
a
billion
people.It's
home
to
more
than
50
distinct
ethnic(种族的)groups
and
a
wide
range
of
traditional
life
styles
often
enclose
partnership
with
nature.We
know
that
China
faces
many
social
and
environmental
problems
but
there
is
great
beauty
here
too.China
is
home
to
the
world's
highest
mountains，vast
deserts，cold
area，steaming
forests
harboring
rare
creatures，grassy
plains
beneath
vast
horizons
and
rich
tropical
seas.
Late
winter
in
southern
Yunnan
is
a
busy
time
for
local
farmers
as
they
prepare
the
age?old
rice
field
ready
for
the
coming
spring.These
hill
slopes
of
Yuanyang
county
plunge(斜插)nearly
2，000m
to
the
floor
of
the
Red
River
Valley.Each
contains
thousands
of
terraces
carved
out
by
hand
using
basic
digging
tools.Yunnan's
rice
terraces
are
among
the
oldest
human
structures
in
China
still
ploughed
as
they
always
have
been
by
cows
whose
ancestors
originated
in
these
very
valleys.This
man?made
landscape
is
one
of
the
most
amazing
engineering
achievements
of
pre?industrial
China.It
seems
as
if
every
square
inch
of
land
has
been
pressed
into
cultivation.
[探索发现]
1．What
does
this
man?made
landscape
refer
to
in
the
last
paragraph?
It
refers
to
Yunnan's
rice
terraces.
2.
What
do
you
know
other
famous
man?made
landscape
in
China?
略
1速读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
covered
with
white
snow
in
winter.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people's
home
is
Yunnan.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．There
are
a
few
large
and
flat
areas
of
the
land
in
the
region.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
terraces
can
stop
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
are
still
in
use
and
passed
down
through
families
from
generation
to
generation.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBBAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．from
which
rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again
B．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops
C．Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see
D．although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain
E．Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty
F．to
whom
Guangxi
is
home
1．These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people，________．
2．The
sun
heats
the
water
and
turns
it
into
vapour.This
forms
clouds
________．
3．________，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.
4．Secondly，________，the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
5．________，work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
its
completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.
6．________，these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains，often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
[答案] 1－6 FABDEC
Ⅲ.表格填空
Longji
Rice
Terraces
The
scenery
·Mountains
1.are
wrapped
in
silver
water
in
spring.·Mountains
turn
bright
green
in
summer.·Mountains
are
flash
gold
in
autumn.·Mountains
are
covered
in
sheets
of
white
2.frost
in
winter.
The
history
·Longji
Rice
Terraces
started
3.in
the
Yuan
Dynasty．·Longji
Rice
Terraces
4.were
completed
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.
The
reasons
·There
are
5.few
large，flat
areas
of
land.Building
the
terraces
meant
that
people
could
grow
more
rice.·The
steep
mountains
and
the
shallow
soil
6.can't
catch
the
rainwater.
The
significance
People
have
worked
in
7.harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice，which
is
most
8.significant．
The
present
situation
·New
generations
continue
to
use
9.ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.·Longji
Rice
Terraces
10.attract
thousands
of
people
in
the
world.
细读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．the
reasons
for
building
the
terraces
2．Para.2
B．the
working
principle
of
the
terraces
3．Para.3
C．the
vivid
description
of
the
terraces
4．Para.4
D．the
history
of
the
terraces
5．Para.5
E．the
present
situation
of
the
terraces
[答案] 1－5 CDABE
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How
long
did
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
last?
A．A
century.
B．Hundreds
of
years.
C．Thousands
of
years.
D．Fifty
years.
2．The
significance
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
lies
in
the
fact
that
________．
A．they
were
built
by
the
Zhuang
and
Yao
people
living
in
Guangxi
B．they
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice
C．they
can
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away
D．people
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
create
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
3．What's
the
right
order
of
the
working
principle
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces?
①Rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again.
②The
water
is
turned
into
gas.
③Along
these
waterways
rainwater
moves
down
the
mountains
and
into
terraces.
④The
sun
heats
the
water.
⑤Clouds
form.
A．③①②⑤④
B．③④②⑤①
C．③⑤②①④
D．③②④①⑤
4．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A．To
introduce
how
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
were
built.
B．To
praise
the
wisdom
of
the
ethnic
groups
living
in
Guangxi.
C．To
explain
how
people
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
create
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
D．To
describe
the
beauty
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
and
to
attract
visitors
to
this
scenic
spot.
[答案] 1－4 BDBC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(四)——提炼关键词
A．阅读下面的句子及所提练的关键词
1．Imagine
mountains
wrapped
in
silver
water，shining
in
the
spring
sun.Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.During
autumn，these
same
mountains
are
gold，and
in
winter
they
are
covered
in
sheets
of
white
frost.These
are
the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
关键词：the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
2．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.This
knowledge
is
passed
down
through
families，which
means
that
new
generations
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.
关键词：terraces
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
B.阅读下列语句并提炼关键词
1．These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people,
to
whom
Guangxi
is
home.
Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty,
work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years,
until
its
completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see,
these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains,
often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years
2．So
why
did
these
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
to
turn
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces?
Firstly,
there
are
few
large,
flat
areas
of
land
in
the
region.
Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.
Secondly,
although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain,
the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
terraces
increase
areas，catch
the
rainwater__and__prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away
1阅读P68－69教材课文，选出最佳选项
1．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．All
the
British
people
love
gardening.
B．Rich
people
like
to
build
their
own
gardens.
C．The
British
show
their
love
to
gardening.
D．The
gardening
is
beneficial
to
the
environment.
2．From
Paragraph
1，we
can
learn________．
A．the
whole
world
looks
like
a
real
garden
B．all
rich
people
in
Britain
have
a
garden
C．many
British
people's
fingers
are
green
D．homes
with
gardens
were
built
before
at
first
3．What
do
we
know
the
love
of
gardening
in
Britain?
A．Children
like
to
see
the
tallest
flowers.
B．Only
experts
can
enter
the
competitions.
C．People
enjoy
working
in
their
gardens.
D．People
can
find
a
place
to
plant
flowers.
4．Why
do
people
turn
their
rooftops
into
gardens?
A．The
flowers
on
the
rooftops
are
more
beautiful.
B．The
space
that
can
be
used
is
limited.
C．Too
many
people
are
waiting
for
the
place.
D．The
flowers
on
the
rooftops
improve
the
air
quality.
[答案] 1－4 CACB
Words
and
Phrases
replace
vt.代替，取代；以……替换，更换，接替；把……放回原处
(教材原句P65)In
sentence
(a)，can
we
replace
“in
which”
with
“where”
without
changing
the
meaning?
在句子(a)中，我们能否用where替换
in
which而不改变其意思？
[例] Nothing
in
the
world
could
replace
a
mother's
love
and
care
to
her
children.
世界上没有什么东西能代替母亲对孩子的爱和关怀。
[知识拓展]
(1)replace
A
(with/by
B)
(用B)替换/接替/取代A
(2)replacement
n.
更换，替换
(3)“代替”的其他表达法：
instead
of
代替
in
place
of
顶替，代替
take
sb.'s/sth.'s
place＝take
the
place
of
sb./sth.
代替/替换某人/某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①During
his
absence，his
position
was
replaced
with/by
a
newcomer.
②Sending
WeChat
messages
has
almost
taken
the
place
of
written
notice.
③His
experience
proved
that
no
one
could
be
in
place
of
him.
narrow
adj.狭窄的，不宽的，窄小的；狭隘的；勉强的
vt.&
vi.使变窄，缩小
(教材原句P66)Tourists
can
stand
on
a
narrow
glass
platform
called
the
Skywalk
to
see
the
Grand
Canyon.
游客可以站在一个名为“空中走廊”的窄窄的玻璃平台上观看科罗拉多大峡谷。
[例] The
selling
stands
made
the
road
too
narrow
for
cars
to
pass.
销售摊位使得这条路太窄了，汽车无法通过。
[知识拓展]
(1)a
narrow
escape
死里逃生
a
narrow
victory
险胜
(2)narrowly
adv.
勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
had
a
narrow
escape
when
the
car
accident
happened.
②He
was
narrowly(narrow)hit
by
falling
stone
thrown
by
the
kid
upstairs.
③Parents
and
children
should
communicate
more
to
narrow
(narrow)the
gap
between
them
so
that
they
can
understand
each
other
better.
desert
n.沙漠，荒漠vt.抛弃；遗弃vt.&
vi.擅离(岗位等)
(教材原句P66)We
are
also
going
to
ride
camels，“the
ship
of
the
desert”．
我们也会骑号称“沙漠之舟”的骆驼。
[例] He
tried
to
walk
across
the
desert
alone
but
failed.
他试图徒步穿越沙漠但是失败了。
[知识拓展]
(1)deserted
adj.
无人居住的；被遗弃的
(2)dessert
n.
[C，U](饭后)甜点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
baby
with
a
severe
physical
disablity
has
been
deserted(desert)by
its
parents.
②Last
week
they
went
to
a
deserted(desert)village.
③When
they
got
there，the
village
seemed
deserted(desert)，the
only
sign
of
life
being
one
or
two
dogs
lying
under
the
trees.
[小片段填空] (用desert与dessert的适当形式填空)
The
man
who
was
deserted
in
the
desert
was
eager
to
get
some
dessert
to
eat，and
later
he
found
a
deserted
wooden
hut.
expert
adj.熟练的，内行的，专家的，经验(或知识)丰富的n.专家，行家
(教材原句P68)Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses，and
others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetables
to
enter
into
competitions.
专业的园丁知道种植玫瑰花的恰当地方，其他人则花好几个小时试图种植出完美的蔬菜来参与比赛。
[例] He
is
expert
at
making
wooden
toys
for
children.
他善于为孩子制作木质玩具。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
expert
at/in/on(doing)sth.
是某方面的专家
(2)be
an
expert
at/in/on
(doing)sth.
是某方面的专家
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Some
experts
(expert)always
share
useful
information
with
us.
②You
had
better
improve
yourself
now
to
make
yourself
expert
at/in/on
the
field
you
like.
reflect
on/upon沉思，思考
(教材原句P69)And
if
you're
in
any
doubt
about
this，take
a
moment
to
reflect
on
this
line
from
The
Secret
Garden：“Where
you
tend
a
rose...A
thistle
cannot
grow.”如果你对此有任何怀疑的话，静下来想一想《秘密花园》中的这一句话：“在人们精心呵护玫瑰的地方……不长杂草”。
[例] The
young
man
spent
less
time
reflecting
on
the
failures
before.
这个年轻人花很少的时间反思以前的失败。
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect
v.
反射；思考
reflect...in
在……中反映出/映照出……
(2)reflection
n.
反射；反映；思考
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
moon's
reflection
(reflect)in
the
water
was
destroyed
by
the
little
monkey.
②It
is
very
useful
taking
time
to
carefully
reflect
on/upon
what
you
really
want.
③Deep
reflection(reflect)should
be
made
to
the
problem
but
no
one
did
it.
limited
adj.有限的
(教材原句P70)But
in
cities，limited
space
has
led
to
people
looking
for
new
solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间使得人们寻找新的解决方法。
[例] Our
time
on
the
project
was
limited，but
we
have
enough
money
to
use.
我们这个项目的时间有限，但是有足够的资金可使用。
[知识拓展]
(1)limit
vt.
限制，限定
limit...to...
把……限定在……范围内
(2)limit
n.
限制；界限；(常作复数)范围
beyond/over
the
limit
超过限度
set
a
limit
to
限制，控制，设定……的限度
to
the
limit
达到最大限度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All
the
speeches
will
be
limited
(limit)to
15
minutes
so
be
well
prepared.
②My
time
is
limited
(limit)，so
I
will
use
it
to
the
fullest.
③Limit
yourself
to
no
more
than
two
glasses
of
coffee
to
stay
healthy.
benefit
n.益处，优势，好处vt.使受益vi.得益于，得利于
(教材原句P70)What
are
the
benefits
of
gardening?
园艺的好处是什么？
[例] The
new
policy
have
benefited
most
of
the
farmers
here.
新政策已经让这里的大部分农民受益。
[知识拓展]
(1)for
the
benefit
of
sb.＝for
sb.'s
benefit
为了某人的利益，为帮助某人
be
of
(great)benefit
to
对……(很)有益
to
sb.'s
benefit
对某人有利
(2)sb.benefit
by/from
sth.
某人得益于某物
(3)beneficial
adj.
有利的，有用的
be
beneficial
to...
对……有益
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As
we
all
know，cycling
is
highly
beneficial
(benefit)to
health
and
the
environment.
②All
the
money
is
used
for
the
benefit
of
the
disabled
children.
③This
measure
is
of
great
benefit
to
the
improvement
of
the
job.
④If
we
take
these
measures，I'm
sure
it
is
greatly
to
our
benefit.
⑤Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
for
Thomas
Edison.
Sentence
Pattern
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句P68)And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass，some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
句式分析：本句是复合句。while表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，其中nothing
better
than...the
grass属于“否定词＋比较级”结构。nothing，none，nobody或“no
other＋可数名词单数”与比较级连用时，表示最高级含义。
[例1] Nothing
is
more
precious
than
time.
没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。
[例2] Nobody
is
more
careful
than
him!
没有人比他更细心！
[知识拓展]
主语＋表示否定意义的谓语(含not或never)＋比较级，意为“没有比……更……”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①—How
was
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan?
—I've
never
had
a
more
pleasant
one
before.
②Nothing
gives
me
more
pleasure
than
listening
to
Mozart.
③—What
do
you
think
of
the
film
last
night?
—It
could
not
be
worse(bad).
七选五之过渡衔接
过渡衔接考查对篇章的理解能力，也考查对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。设题位置可以在段首，也可以在段中或段尾。解题时可采用位置判断法，阅读其前后的句子，看所选的答案是否能将前后衔接起来。
[例题剖析]
I
was，nevertheless，talked
into
going
on
another
fun?filled
holiday
in
the
wilderness.This
time
there
was
no
tent.Instead，we
had
a
pop?up
camper
with
comfortable
beds
and
an
air
conditioner.My
nature?loving
friends
had
remembered
to
bring
all
the
necessities
of
life.
________
We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.Recently，we
bought
a
twenty?eight?foot
travel
trailer
complete
with
a
bathroom
and
a
built?in
TV
set.There
is
a
separate
bedroom，a
modern
kitchen
with
a
refrigerator.The
trailer
even
has
matching
carpet
and
curtains.
A．This
time
there
was
no
tent.
B．Things
are
going
to
be
improved.
C．The
trip
they
took
me
on
was
a
rough
one.
D．I
was
to
learn
a
lot
about
camping
since
then，however.
E．I
must
say
that
I
have
certainly
come
to
enjoy
camping.
F．After
the
trip，my
family
became
quite
interested
in
camping.
G．There
was
no
shade
as
the
trees
were
no
more
than
3
feet
tall.
F [根据空后面一句“We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.”可知，从那以来我们去野营多次了。故可推断，自从那一次野营后，我们一家人就对野营感兴趣了。]
[即学即练] 快速阅读，确定下面衔接过渡题的答案
Set
up
a
recycling
station
at
your
school.Recycling
is
a
great
way
to
save
energy
because
it
reduces
the
need
to
produce
new
materials.________，then
ask
your
school
principal
if
you
can
set
one
up.
A．Postsigns
about
conserving
energy
B．Whether
you
are
a
teacher
or
a
student
C．If
your
school
does
not
have
one
D．Turn
off
your
computer
when
it's
not
used
E．Shut
down
the
lights
when
rooms
are
not
in
use
F．Other
times
of
day
you
might
only
need
half
of
the
lights
G.If
your
school's
garbage
company
offers
recycling
services
[答案] C
1课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据所给汉语意思或首字母提示写出下列单词。
1．He
spent
the
evening
wrapping
(包装)up
the
birthday
presents.
2．It's
our
hope
that
we
will
play
a
greater
role
in
the
market
place
and，therefore
(因此)，supply
more
jobs.
3．The
Tang
Dynasty
was
the
golden
age
of
classical
Chinese
poetry.
4．These
fish
are
found
in
shallow
waters
around
the
coast.
5．It
was
the
first
time
I
had
set
foot
on
African
soil(土地，国家).
6．Do
you
think
that
work
without
rest
will
do
harm
(伤害)to
your
health?
7．Water
becomes
ice
or
vapour
under
certain
conditions.
8．My
generation
have
grown
up
without
the
experience
of
a
world
war.
9．He
showed
his
poverty
in
his
knowledge
of
agriculture(农业).
10．The
harmony
of
sea
and
sky
makes
a
beautiful
picture.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A
Narrow
Escape
Shortly
after
the
war，my
brother
and
I
were
invited
to
spend
a
few
days'
holiday
with
an
uncle
who
had
just
returned
from
abroad.He
had
rented
(租)a
cottage
in
the
country，although
he
hardly
spent
much
time
there.We
understood
the
reason
for
this
after
our
arrival：the
cottage
had
no
comfortable
furniture
in
it.Many
of
the
windows
were
broken
and
the
roof
leaked
(漏水)，making
the
whole
house
wet.
On
our
first
evening，we
sat
around
the
fire
after
supper
listening
to
the
stories
our
uncle
told
of
his
many
adventures
in
distant
countries.I
was
so
tired
after
the
long
train
journey
that
I
would
have
preferred
to
go
to
bed，but
I
could
not
bear
to
miss
any
of
my
uncle's
exciting
stories.He
was
just
in
the
middle
of
describing
a
rather
terrifying
experience
he
had
once
had
when
there
was
a
loud
crash
(碰撞声)from
the
bedroom
above，the
one
where
my
brother
and
I
were
going
to
sleep.
When
we
got
to
the
top
of
the
stairs
and
opened
the
bedroom
door，a
strange
sight
met
our
eyes.A
large
part
of
the
ceiling
had
fallen
right
onto
the
pillow
(枕头)of
my
bed.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者和他的哥哥受邀到叔叔租的乡间小屋度假。他们的卧室天花板坍塌，砸到了作者的枕头。但幸运的是，他们因想听叔叔讲故事而没有待在卧室里，从而逃过一劫。
1．Why
did
the
uncle
dislike
the
rented
cottage?
A．There
were
no
beds
in
it.
B．It
was
too
old
for
him
to
live
in.
C．The
windows
were
broken
and
the
roof
leaked.
D．It
was
very
rainy
in
the
area.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，因为乡间小屋里面没有舒适的家具，而且许多窗户都破了，屋顶还漏水，使得整个房子很潮湿。所以叔叔不喜欢住他租住的小屋。故选C项。]
2．On
the
first
evening，the
writer
was
very
sleepy，________．
A．but
he
did
his
best
not
to
miss
any
stories
B．so
he
had
to
go
to
bed
early
C．because
he
was
tired
of
his
uncle's
stories
D．and
he
was
gradually
falling
asleep
while
listening
A [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句I
was
so
tired
after
the
long
train
journey
that
I
would
have
preferred
to
go
to
bed，but
I
could
not
bear
to
miss
any
of
my
uncle's
exciting
stories.可知，尽管“我”在长途火车旅行后累得想睡觉，但“我”不想错过叔叔讲的任何一个激动人心的故事。故选A项。]
3．The
writer
was
attentively
(专心地)listening
to
a
story________．
A．which
his
uncle
read
in
a
book
B．when
he
heard
a
loud
crash
from
the
bedroom
C．when
his
brother
cried
for
being
afraid
D．which
was
very
funny
B [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句He
was
just
in
the
middle
of
describing
a
rather
terrifying
experience
he
had
once
had
when
there
was
a
loud
crash
(碰撞声)from
the
bedroom
above...可知，作者在听故事时，突然听到卧室里传来了巨大的碰撞声。故选B项。]
B
Some
of
the
greatest
problems
we
face
today
are
the
destruction(破坏)of
our
environment.Brown
clouds，polluted
water，endangered
wild
animals...，these
problems
seem
so
huge.
So
my
family
do
what
we
can.We
take
cloth
bags
to
stores
instead
of
using
plastic
bags.We
walk
where
we
don't
have
to
drive.
But
does
it
do
any
good？When
I
am
the
only
one
in
line
at
the
market
with
cloth
bags，am
I
doing
any
good？Does
my
walking
to
stores
make
any
real
difference
to
the
world?
I
recently
learned
something
about
flamingos(火烈鸟)which
like
to
get
together
in
groups
of
a
thousand
or
more.Every
year
when
the
time
comes
for
migration，a
few
of
them
first
take
off
from
the
lake.But
none
of
the
others
seem
to
notice，so
the
small
group
returns.However，the
next
day
they
try
again.This
time
a
few
more
fly
along
with
them，but
most
of
them
still
pay
no
attention，so
they
return
again.They
try
for
several
times.Every
time
a
few
more
birds
join
in
but，since
the
thousands
of
others
still
take
no
notice，the
great
migration
plan
is
once
more
stopped.
Then
one
day
something
changes.The
same
small
group
of
birds
once
again
starts
flying
and
a
small
number
more
join
in
just
as
before，then
more.Finally，they
all
take
flight
and
the
migration
really
begins.What
a
spectacular
sight
it
must
be—thousands
of
flamingos
taking
off
into
the
sky
at
once！A
few
can
make
a
difference.Even
if
you're
the
one
to
take
the
first
step，and
continue
trying，others
will
someday
take
notice
and
together
we
will
solve
even
our
greatest
problems.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了作者对于现在环境存在的问题提出了一些担忧以及自己和家人保护环境的行为，呼吁人们要从小事做起保护环境。
4．Why
does
the
writer
use
cloth
bags
in
stores?
A．There
are
only
cloth
bags
in
stores.
B．All
the
people
use
cloth
bags
in
stores.
C．He
thinks
plastic
bags
are
more
expensive.
D．He
wants
to
do
some
good
to
the
environment.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中Some
of
the
greatest
problems
we
face
today
are
the
destruction(破坏)of
our
environment.(我们当今面临的最大问题中的一部分是环境破坏。)和第二段中So
my
family
do
what
we
can.We
take
cloth
bags
to
stores
instead
of
using
plastic
bags.(所以我一家人都做一些力所能及的事情，我们去商店带布包而不是用塑料袋。)可知，作者带布包是想为保护环境做一些事情。故选D项。]
5．What
does
the
underlined
word
“spectacular”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A．Disappointing.
B．Fantastic.
C．Terrible.
D．Embarrassing.
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的thousands
of
flamingos
taking
off
into
the
sky
at
once(成千上万只火烈鸟一起飞上天空)可知，What
a
spectacular
sight
it
must
be意为“那一定是令人惊叹的(fantastic)的景象”。故选B项。]
6．What's
the
writer's
purpose
of
writing
this
article?
A．To
show
that
the
writer
loves
to
see
the
migration
of
flamingos.
B．To
tell
readers
to
continue
trying
and
it
can
make
a
difference.
C．To
introduce
a
special
kind
of
flamingo
to
readers.
D．To
show
that
there're
many
problems
in
the
world.
B [写作意图题。根据最后一段中A
few
can
make
a
difference.Even
if
you're
the
one
to
take
the
first
step，and
continue
trying，others
will
someday
take
notice
and
together
we
will
solve
even
our
greatest
problems.(一些小行为可以促成大的改变。即使你现在才迈出第一步，并且继续尝试，其他人终有一天会注意到，那样的话我们会一起解决我们最大的问题。)可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们要坚持努力，从小事做起保护环境，总有一天会产生影响。]
7．Where
would
you
most
probably
read
this
passage?
A．A
guidebook.
B．A
movie
poster.
C．An
animal
magazine.
D．A
personal
blog.
D [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者对于现在环境存在的问题提出了一些担忧以及自己和家人保护环境的行为。由此判断出该类针对某一问题发表个人观点的文章应出现在个人博客中。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
News
reports
warn
us
that
the
smog
is
expected
to
stay
with
us
for
a
couple
of
months.Air
quality
is
10
times
worse
than
the
World
Health
Organisation's
recommended
levels.__1__
However，there
are
easy
ways
to
protect
yourself
against
smog
and
air
pollution.
Wear
an
N95
mask.
Surgical
masks
won't
do，my
friends.You
need
a
proper
N95
mask.__2__
The
purpose
is
to
filter
out
the
little
particles
(颗粒)in
the
air
that
can
be
very
unhealthy
if
breathed
in.It's
not
attractive，but
your
health
is
more
important
than
looking
attractive.
Drink
lots
of
water
and
stay
hydrated
(保持水分充足).
High
temperature
and
high
humidity
are
often
connected
with
high
smog
levels.This
makes
it
important
to
stay
in
the
shade
and
drink
lots
of
water
to
stay
hydrated，especially
before，during，and
after
exercise.__3__
Stay
indoors.
If
possible，stay
indoors.While
you
might
want
to
visit
your
favourite
open?air
food
stand，now
it's
not
the
time
to
do
so.__4__
Better
still，for
those
at
work，pack
your
own
lunch.What's
more
important，avoid
exercise
outdoors，especially
from
mid?morning
to
early
evening，when
smog
levels
are
higher.
__5__
Often
neighbours
or
family
members
smoke
in
the
hallways
or
just
outside
of
apartment
buildings，which
makes
the
air
much
worse.And
this
air
still
comes
into
the
apartments.So，keep
the
windows
closed
and
use
air
purifiers
to
protect
your
home.
A．Protect
your
home.
B．Keep
the
doors
open.
C．If
you
want
to
go
out，go
to
malls，and
eat
in
enclosed
spaces.
D．Consider
exercising
indoors
in
an
air?conditioned
environment.
E．You
may
think
that
there
is
nothing
you
can
do
about
the
air
you
breathe.
F．Besides，water
will
not
only
relieve
thirst，but
help
clear
your
breathing
passages.
G．Its
strings
should
be
tightly
tied
behind
your
head，to
hold
the
mask
against
your
face.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在空气污染情况较为严重的情况下，我们可以采取的四种自我保护方法。
1．E [根据空后的However，there
are
easy
ways
to
protect
yourself
against
smog
and
air
pollution.中的However可知，E项(也许你会认为你对于吸入的空气无能为力)与之构成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。]
2．G [设空处前一句讲人们需要N95型号的口罩，后一句讲这样做的目的，G项介绍口罩的使用方法，符合文意。]
3．F [本段标题Drink
lots
of
water
and
stay
hydrated.提示本段与喝水有关，F项介绍水的益处，符合语境。故选F项。]
4．C [设空处前一句讲不要去室外吃路边摊，后一句讲工作时最好自己带午饭，由此可知设空处讲的也是吃饭方面的事情。C项(如果你想外出，就去购物中心，在封闭的空间里吃饭)符合上下文语境。故选C项。]
5．A [设空处为主题句。根据本段最后一句So，keep
the
windows
closed
and
use
air
purifiers
to
protect
your
home.可知当人们在室外抽烟的时候，我们最好关闭门窗并使用空气净化器来保护我们的家。A项Protect
your
home.符合段意。]
1定语从句(Ⅲ)
一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[观察典例]
We'd
better
fix
a
date
on
which
we
will
practice
speaking
English
next
week.
In
the
dark
street，there
wasn't
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
What
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
[归纳用法]
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The
university
in
which
my
brother
once
studied
is
very
famous.
②This
is
the
man
from
whom
I
learned
a
lot
in
my
life.
③September
30th
is
the
day
by
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
④Do
you
know
the
lady
with
whom
our
manager
is
talking
in
the
office?
⑤This
is
the
school
of
which
we
are
greatly
proud.
二、关系代词前介词的选用
[观察典例]
This
is
the
house
in
which
the
inventor
lived.
He
is
a
person
of
whom
everyone
has
heard.
Those
without
outside
space
can
rent
small
pieces
of
land
on
which
they
grow
things.
[归纳用法]
介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
1．一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如先行词表示时间，常和on，in，by搭配；表示地点，常与on，in，at搭配；表示原因，与for搭配；表示方式，常与in，by，with搭配)
2．二动，即看从句中的谓语动词。根据从句中谓语动词与介词的固定搭配选择合适的介词。
3．三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
4．四特殊：介词of
常用于表示部分与整体的关系或所属关系。
表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词neither，either，some，any等数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数)；数词＋名词；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语，如many，most，few，several，enough，half，a
quarter等。
[名师点津]
像listen
to，look
at，depend
on，pay
attention
to，take
care
of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开，关系代词除用whom或which外，也可以用who或that。
This
is
the
person
whom/who/that
you
are
looking
for.
[即学即练2] 介词填空
①The
English
play
in
which
my
students
acted
at
the
New
Year's
party
was
a
great
success.
②Who
is
the
man
with
whom
our
teacher
is
shaking
hands?
③Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon/on
which
school
education
depends.
④In
the
office
I
never
seem
to
have
time
until
after
5：30
p．m.by
which
many
have
got
home.
⑤There
are
some
occasions
on
which
one
must
give
in.
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
to
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
2．Can
you
tell
me
the
reason
for
which
you
didn't
come
to
her
birthday
party?
3．This
is
the
teacher
from
whom
I've
learnt
a
lot.
4．Gun
control
is
a
subject
about
which
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
5．The
policeman
with/about
whom
Mr.
Henry
is
talking
is
a
friend
of
mine.
6．He
built
a
telescope
through
which
he
could
study
the
stars.
7．My
father
is
the
first
person
to
whom
I
will
turn
for
help
when
I
meet
difficulties.
8．Is
she
the
girl
from
whom
you
borrowed
the
dress
yesterday
evening?
9．I
will
never
forget
the
day
on
which
I
was
admitted
to
a
famous
university.
10．Would
you
be
kind
enough
to
help
the
boy
for
whom
Chinese
is
really
hard
to
learn?
Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句完成句子
1．学生们应该积极参加那些能够让他们获得社会经验的社区活动。
Students
should
take
an
active
part
in
the
community
activities
from
which
they
can
gain
social
experience．
2．这正是救了我儿子的那名警察。
This
is
the
policeman
by
whom
my
son
was
saved．
3．这是我两年前住过的房子。
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago．
4．弗兰克的梦想是有个自己的花园，在里面他可以种许多漂亮的花。
Frank's
dream
is
to
have
his
own
garden
in
which
he
can
grow
many
beautiful
flowers．
5．历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
History
is
the
subject
in
our
school
in
which
every
student
is
interested．
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.wrap
A．n.融洽相处，和谐
( )2.soil
B．n.a
plant
grown
in
large
quantities
as
food
( )3.harmony
C．n.土壤
( )4.crop
D．v.to
hurt
or
injure
sb.
or
to
damage
sth.
( )5.harm
E．n.包，裹
[答案] 1－5 ECABD
B．短语匹配
( )1.feed
on
A．远到
( )2.pass
down
B．把……传下去
( )3.prevent...from
doing
sth.
C．再一次
( )4.as
far
as
D．以……为食
( )5.once
again
E．防止……做某事
[答案] 1－5
DBEAC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．sheet
n.
(冰或水等的)一大片
2．region
n.
地区，区域
3．therefore
adv.
因此，由此
4．shallow
adj.
浅的
5．prevent
v.
阻挡，防止
6．design
v.
设计
7．agriculture
n.
农业
8．frost
n.
霜
9．dynasty
n.
朝代
10．completion
n.
完成，结束
Ⅰ.语境填空
region，design，harm，therefore，crop，shallow，steep，sheet，soil，agriculture
1．The
design
of
the
room
made
the
young
couple
satisfied.
2．In
the
shallow
water
you
can
find
the
fish
easily.
3．Once
they
were
thrown
away，plastic
bags
will
exist
for
a
long
time
and
pollute
soil
and
water.
4．He
taught
himself
the
relevant
knowledge
and
therefore
wasn't
laid
off
by
the
company.
5．The
mountainous
region
in
Anhui
Province
is
rich
in
beautiful
tourist
attractions.
6．The
road
was
covered
with
a
sheet
of
ice，so
be
careful
while
going
to
school.
7．What
he
said
did
harm
to
others
and
wasn't
good
for
his
future.
8．Scientific
farming
is
the
key
to
the
further
development
of
agriculture．
9．It
is
hard
to
imagine
his
climbing
up
that
steep
mountain.
10．Proper
amount
of
rain
results
in
the
good
crop．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
new
policy
is
speeding
up
our
agricultural
(agriculture)development.
2．The
eggplants
with
frosty
(frost)clothes
are
not
tasty
to
eat.
3．The
government
should
pay
more
attention
to
the
prevention
(prevent)of
destroying
the
environment.
4．The
completion(complete)of
the
project
put
an
end
to
our
long?time
restless
nights.
5．The
man
is
a
world?famous
fashion
designer(design).
6．Only
in
this
way
can
we
protect
our
environment
and
build
a
harmonious
(harmony)society.
7．An
expert
working
for
the
environment
will
give
a
lecture
on
the
causes
and
harmful(harm)effects
of
global
warming.
1．Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
随着水稻的生长，夏天见证了群山变得翠绿。
2．Secondly，although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain，the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
其次，尽管该地区雨水充沛，但山势陡峭，土层很薄。
3．The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
名师圈点
①imagine
v．想象；设想
imagination
n．想象力；想象
imaginary
adj.想象中的；幻想的；虚构的
②sheet
n．一大片(覆盖物)；床单，被单；一张通常指标准尺寸的(纸)
③frost
n．霜；严寒天气；霜冻
④dynasty
n．朝代
the
Yuan
Dynasty
元朝
the
Tang
Dynasty唐朝
⑤completion
n．完成，结束
complete
adj.完全的；彻底的
completely
adv.完全地，全部地；彻底地
⑥go
to
so
much
trouble
to
do
sth./of
doing
sth.费尽周折做某事；不辞辛苦做某事
⑦region
n．地区；区域
⑧therefore
adv.因此，由此
⑨steep
adj.陡的，陡峭的
⑩soil
n．土壤
?shallow
adj.浅的；肤浅的，浅薄的
?catch
v．接(落下的液体)
?prevent
v．阻挡，防止
?significant
adj.重要的；影响深远的
?in
harmony
with与……协调一致/和谐
harmony
n．融洽，和谐
harmonious
adj.(关系)友好和睦的，和谐的；协调的
?design
v．设计；制订
n．设计；布局；安排
?waterway
n．水路；航道
?heat
v．加热；(使)变热；(使)变暖
n．热；温度；炎热天气
?vapour
n．蒸汽
?feed
on(动物)以……为食
?harm
v．伤害，损害
n．[U]伤害，损害
?crop
n．庄稼，作物。常用复数形式。
?tradition
n．传统；传统的信仰(或风俗)
traditional
adj.传统的；习俗的；惯例的
?generation
n．一代人
?agriculture
n．农业
agricultural
adj.(与)农业(有关)的
?maintain
v．维持，保持；维修；保养
?attract
v．吸引；引起……的兴趣
?admire
v．欣赏，观赏；钦佩；仰慕
原文呈现
Longji
Rice
Terraces
1．Imagine①
mountains
wrapped
in
silver
water【1】，shining
in
the
spring
sun【2】．Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.【3】During
autumn，these
same
mountains
are
gold，and
in
winter
they
are
covered
in
sheets②
of
white
frost③.These
are
the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
【1】
wrapped
in
silver
water为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰mountains。
【2】shining
in
the
spring
sun为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
【3】本句中Summer为无生命名词作主语。
2．These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people，to
whom
Guangxi
is
home
【4】．Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty④，work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
its
completion⑤
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see
【5】，these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains，often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
【4】to...home为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people。
【5】Reaching...see为现在分词短语作方式状语。其中as
far...see为as...as
sb./sth.can/could结构。
3．So
why
did
these
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
to
turn⑥
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces？Firstly，there
are
few
large，flat
areas
of
land
in
the
region⑦.Building
the
terraces
therefore⑧
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.【6】
Secondly，although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain
【7】，the
mountains
are
steep⑨
and
the
soil⑩
is
shallow?.The
flat
terraces
catch?
the
rainwater
and
prevent?
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
【6】本句为复合句。其中Building
the
terraces为v.?ing形式作主语；that...rice为that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中又包含一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句in
which...rice，修饰
the
areas。
【7】although...rain为although引导的让步状语从句。
4．But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant?
【8】is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with?
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed?，with
hundreds
of
waterways?
that
connect
with
each
other.During
the
rainy
season，it
is
along
these
waterways
that
rainwater
moves
down
the
mountains
and
into
the
terraces.【9】The
sun
heats?
the
water
and
turns
it
into
vapour?.This
forms
clouds
from
which
rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again.These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on?
insects
that
can
harm?
the
rice
crops?.
【8】
what...significant为what引导的主语从句，其中what在从句中作主语。
【9】it
is...terraces为强调句型，强调的是along
these
waterways。
5．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions?
hold
much
value.This
knowledge
is
passed
down
through
families，which
means
that
new
generations?
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture?
to
maintain?
the
terraces.Today，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
attract?
thousands
of
visitors
who
come
to
admire?
this
great
wonder
created
by
people
and
nature
working
together.
译文参考
龙脊梯田
1．想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠；秋天，满山金黄；而隆冬，它们又披上了雪白的冰霜毛毯；所有这些汇集成龙脊梯田的绚丽色彩。
2．这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民开辟的，广西就是他们的故乡。梯田的开辟从元朝开始，直到清朝初年才得以完成，历时数百年。极目远眺，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
3．那么，这些人为什么要费尽周折地把群山变成梯田呢？首先，这个地区几乎没有大片平地。因此，建造梯田意味着他们能够增加可以种植水稻的面积。其次，尽管该地区雨水充沛，但山势陡峭，土层很薄。平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
4．但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。在雨季，从山上淌下来的雨水就是沿着这些水道流入梯田的。太阳把雨水晒热并把它变成水汽，这就形成了积雨云，雨又降到山上的梯田里。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。
5．虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的农作物，但这些梯田对当地人来说仍旧意义重大，他们是把传统看得很重要的人。这一知识通过家族传承下来，这意味着新生的一代代人继续使用古老的农耕方法来维持梯田。今天，龙脊水稻梯田吸引着成千上万的游客来欣赏这由人类和自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。
11．complete
v．完成→completion
n．完成，结束→completive
adj.完整的→completely
adv.完整地，完全地
2．design
v．设计→designed
adj.设计好的→designer
n．设计师
3．harm
v．伤害，损害→harmful
adj.有害的→harmless
adj.无害的
4．agriculture
n．农业→agricultural
adj.农业的
5．prevent
v．阻挡，防止→prevention
n．预防，防范
6．harmony
n．融洽相处，和谐→harmonious
adj.和谐的
sheet
n.床单，被单；
一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)；(冰或水等的)一大片
①Be
cautious！The
road
was
covered
with
a
sheet
of
ice.
一大片
②How
often
do
you
changed
your
sheets
on
the
bed
to
keep
clean？
床单
③Please
write
down
your
names
on
this
sheet
of
paper，will
you？
一张
Words
and
Phrases
prevent
v.防止，阻挡
(教材原句P63)The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
[例] Bad
weather
prevented
me
from
setting
out
to
enjoy
the
holiday.
恶劣的天气使我不能动身去度假。
[知识拓展]
(1)prevent...(from)doing
sth. 阻止……做某事
(2)与“prevent...(from)doing
sth.”意义相近的短语还有：stop...(from)doing
sth.；keep...from
doing
sth.
(3)以上短语用于主动语态时，“prevent...from
doing
sth.”与“stop...from
doing
sth.”中的from可省略，而“keep...from
doing
sth.”中的from不能省略。“keep...doing”意为“让……一直做某事”。所以用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Social
phobia(社交恐惧症)prevents
people
making(make)the
normal，everyday
mistakes
that
may
help
them
improve
their
skills
even
further.
②Social
attention
should
be
paid
to
preventing
our
earth
from
being
polluted
(pollute).
③Actually，there
are
grammatical
mistakes
made
by
students
that
keep
them
from
writing
good
compositions.
in
harmony
with与……和谐相处
(教材原句P63)But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
[例] We
are
aware
of
the
fact
that
we
should
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
我们意识到这样的事实：我们应该和自然和谐相处。
[知识拓展]
(1)sense
of
harmony
和谐感
out
of
harmony
with
与……不和谐
(2)harmonious
adj.
和谐的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Devoted
to
keeping
a
lasting
peace，we
must
live
in
harmony
with
one
another.
②The
piano
was
out
of
harmony
with
the
rest
of
the
instruments
in
the
concert
last
night.
③Most
countries
are
trying
to
form
a
harmonious
(harmony)society
to
meet
people's
needs.
[小片段填空]
People's
life
here
is
full
of
harmony
and
at
the
same
time，humans
and
nature
make
a
harmonious
picture.(harmony)
design
vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲n.设计；设计方案；装饰图案；打算
(教材原句P63)The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed，with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.
梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。
[例] Our
company
employed
two
famous
architects
to
design
a
new
meeting
hall
for
us.
我们公司雇用了两位著名的建筑师为我们设计了一座新的会堂。
[知识拓展]
(1)designs
sth.for
sb./sth.
为某人/某物设计某物
be
designed
for...
为……而设计
be
designed
to
do...
意欲做……，目的是……
(2)by
design
故意地
(3)designer
n.
设计者；构思者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
helping
project
is
designed
to
help
(help)those
who
have
been
longing
to
run
a
business.
②Many
famous
books
have
adapted
versions
which
are
designed
for
the
students
of
Grade
1?
Grade
2.
③We
shall
never
know
whether
this
happened
by
accident
or
by
design.
[小片段填空]
I
like
the
design
of
the
suit，which
was
designed
by
a
famous
designer．She
graduated
from
a
school
of
fashion
design
and
the
school
is
designed
to
attract
talented
people
who
are
interested
in
fashion.(design)
(教材原句P63)These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。
(1)provide...for...
为……提供……
[例] The
red
cross
provides
food
and
clothes
for
the
sufferers.
红十字会为难民提供食品和衣服。
[知识拓展]
provide
v.
赡养；提供生计
为某人提供……
provided/providing(that
从句)
假如；如果
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
has
to
provide
enough
money
for/to
her
father.
②The
report
was
not
expected
to
provide(provide)any
answers.
③We
are
here
to
provide
the
public
with
a
service.
④I
will
agree
to
go
provided
/
providing
(provide)that
my
expenses
are
paid.
(2)harm
vt.&
n．[U]伤害，损害
[例] Smoking
a
lot
of
cigarettes
can
harm
one's
health
and
even
may
kill
people
over
a
long
period
of
time.
长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死亡。
[知识拓展]
(1)do
sb./sth.harm＝do
harm
to
sb./sth.
伤害某人/物
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
sth.
做某事无害
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to
sb./sth.
对某人/物有害
(3)harmless
adj.
无害的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①According
to
the
study，using
smartphone
too
often
does
harm
to
your
eyes.
②The
polluted
air
will
be
harmful
(harm)to
people
and
animals
around.
③There
is
no
harm
in
apologizing
(apologize)to
her
first.
[小片段填空]
The
lies
he
told
harmed
our
friendship
of
many
years
.That
really
did
harm
to
us.His
lies
were
harmful
to
our
long?last
feelings.(harm)
Sentence
Patterns
无生命名词(作主语)＋see＋宾语(＋宾语补足语)
(教材原句P62)Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠。
句式分析：句中无生命的名词summer作主语，see在此处意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法。
[例1] Dusk
saw
the
old
couple
walking
their
dog
together
after
supper。
黄昏时，这对老夫妇吃完晚饭一起遛狗。
[例2] Our
town
has
seen
many
changes
since
the
new
policy
was
put
into
effect.
新政策生效后，我们镇上发生了很多变化。
[知识拓展]
表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，谓语通常是see，find，witness等动词，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生(某情况)，或经历了某事”。这种句式可以使语言表达更加生动、形象。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
twentieth
century
witnessed
(witness)two
world
wars.
②So
far
this
stadium
has
seen(see)many
thrilling
football
games.
what引导的主语从句
(教材原句P63)But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
句式分析：句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
[例1] What
was
most
important
to
her，she
told
me，was
her
family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
[例2] What
made
us
excited
was
that
our
class
came
first
in
the
inter?class
basketball
match.
让我们激动的是我们班在这次班级对抗篮球比赛中获得了第一名。
[知识拓展]
what在其引导的主语从句中可作主语或宾语。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但主语从句意义上表示复数时，谓语动词要用复数。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What
frightened
me
most
was
that
the
little
boy
wound
the
snake
around
his
neck.
②What
we
students
need
most
is
(be)enough
sleep.
③You
need
not
get
any
more
stamps；what
we
have
are(be)quite
sufficient.
教材
高考
1.The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
(2019·北京卷)We
are
finally
waking
up
to
the
severity
of
the
problem
by
supporting
and
developing
a
group
of
tools，apps
and
approaches
intended
to
prevent
scammers
from
getting
through.
2.Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.
3.But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
(2017
·天津卷)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
where
they
go.
4.The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed，with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)HUNCH
is
designed
to
connect
high
school
classrooms
with
NASA
engineers.
5.These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun's
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin，they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
completion(complete)in
August
will
bring
us
a
new
meeting
hall.
2．Eating
too
much
sugar
is
harmful(harm)to
your
health.
3．The
new
designer
(design)seems
not
to
fit
in
with
us.
4．The
police
were
able
to
take
preventive(prevent)action
and
avoid
a
possible
riot.
5．Making
a
harmonious
(harmony)combination
of
colours
will
make
the
painting
better.
6．What
we
are
doing
now
is
(be)very
difficult
but
of
great
importance.
7．Granny
wrapped(wrap)the
small
red
shoes
and
smiled
happily
to
me.
8．As
we
all
know，it
is
his
efforts
that
have
improved
the
quality
of
our
products
.
9．Cycling
is
actually
a
good
kind
of
exercise
and
therefore
I
go
cycling
with
my
friends
every
Sunday.
10．TV
shopping
is
attractive(attract)because
you
can
buy
things
easily
without
going
out.
Ⅱ.短语填空
thousands
of，in
harmony
with，turn...into...，pass
down，wash
away，be
home
to，feed
on，as
far
as，once
again，prevent...from
1．Immediate
measures
should
be
taken
to
prevent
air
from
being
polluted.
2．What
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
China
is
home
to
the
golden
monkey.
3．Monkey
King
can
turn
his
hair
into
any
kind
of
things
he
needs.
4．I
don't
expect
you
to
do
it
once
again，but
you
will
be
punished
this
time.
5．The
butterflies
live
in
the
forest
and
feed
on
flowers
and
leaves.
6．The
farming
knowledge
has
been
passed
down
from
generation
to
generation.
7．Our
mission
is
to
find
ways
for
people
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
8．Much
of
the
top
soil
was
washed
away
by
large
floods.
9．I
don't
know
why
they
walked
as
far
as
the
river
last
night.
10．Every
year
thousands
of
lives
are
lost
in
road
accidents
because
of
careless
driving.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
1.were
built
(build)by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people，to
whom
Guangxi
is
home.2.Starting(start)in
the
Yuan
Dynasty，work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
3.its
(it)completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.These
terraces
increase
the
areas
4.in
which
people
grow
rice.Besides，they
can
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
5.being
washed(wash)away.But
perhaps
6.what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
7.have
worked
(work)in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
8.crops(crop)，new
generations
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.Today，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
attract
thousands
of
9.visitors
(visitor)who
come
to
admire
this
great
wonder
created
by
people
10.and
nature
working
together.
1写一篇概要写作
本单元的写作项目是写一篇概要。概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
[写作步骤]
1．览全文，定体裁。阅读整篇文章，找出作者的写作目的；
2．划要点，省细节。再次阅读文章，找出并总结出每段的主旨句或关键词；
3．析结构，换表达。运用恰当的连接方式，把主旨句连接成逻辑连贯的语段。
[常用词块]
1．be
famous
for
it
unique
flavor
因其独特的风味而出名
2．the
newly?built
part
dating/traced
back
to
the
Tang
Dynasty
新建的部分可以追溯到唐朝
3．have
witnessed
great
changes
in
natural
environment
已经见证了自然环境的诸多变化
4．be
of
great
value
in
medicine
在药用方面有极大的价值
5．speak
highly/poorly
of
its
effect
对其效果评价很高/很低
6．a
big
problem
waiting
for
us
to
deal
with
亟待我们处理的一大问题
7．find
a
way
out
to
solve
the
present
conflict
找到解决当前的冲突的办法
8．reduce
people's
pressure
in
work
and
study
减轻人们工作以及学习方面的压力
9．give
us
a
real
sense
of
happiness
of
enjoying
nature
给我们一种真正的享受自然的幸福感
10．provide
a
fresh
experience
of
gardening
for
us
提供一种全新的园艺体验
[常用语句]
1．议论文可用以下开头语：
(1)The
passage/author
argues
that...
本文/作者主张……
(2)The
passage/author
highlights
the
importance
of...
本文/作者强调了……的重要性。
(3)The
passage/author
discusses
the
impact
of...
本文/作者讨论了……的影响。
(4)The
passage/author
compares...with...
本文/作者比较了……与……
2．说明文可用以下开头语：
(1)According
to
the
passage/article，we
can
know...
根据文章我们可知……
(2)This
passage/article
is
mainly
about...
这篇文章主要是关于……
(3)In
the
passage，the
writer/author
mainly
tells
us...在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们……
(4)A
new
study
found...一个新的研究发现……
(5)The
purpose
of
the
report
is
to
show...
这一报告的目的是表明……
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The
familiar
yellow
school
bus
is
the
largest
system
of
mass
transportation
in
the
US
and
every
school
day
transports
roughly
25
million
young
people
to
school
and
home
again
after
the
school
day
ends.Meanwhile，they
are
the
safest
method
for
getting
kids
to
and
from
school，according
to
the
National
Highway
Traffic
Safety
Administration
(NHTSA).Children
are
70
times
more
likely
to
arrive
at
school
safely
on
the
school
bus
than
if
they
had
travelled
to
school
driving
themselves
or
riding
with
friends.
These
school
buses
meet
more
of
the
nation's
motor
vehicle
safety
standards
than
any
other
vehicles
on
the
road.Also，several
new
technologies
available
today
are
making
school
buses
even
safer，such
as
video
cameras
on
the
inside
and
outside，stop
arm
cameras，GPS
tracking
and
collision
lessening
systems.Another
safety
tool
on
school
buses
is
high
seat
backs，closely?spaced
seats
and
energy?absorbing
seating.
But
even
the
safeness
of
school
buses
would
not
completely
sum
up
why
children
are
safer
when
riding
the
big，yellow
bus.The
bus
is
only
as
safe
as
the
professional
men
and
women
who
drive
them.All
drivers
must
obtain
a
Class
B
or
C
Commercial
Driver's
License(CDL).They
are
randomly
tested
for
alcohol
and
drugs，usually
have
their
driving
record
checked，and
are
given
the
same
review
for
criminal
history
as
teachers
and
other
employees
who
have
contact
with
students.In
order
to
serve
as
a
school
bus
driver，most
applicants
are
required
to
successfully
complete
a
training
course，along
with
instruction
in
the
classroom
and
behind
the
wheel.
School
buses
are
safe
for
the
environment，not
only
because
each
bus
replaces
36?passenger
cars
that
would，but
for
the
buses，be
on
the
road
taking
and
picking
up
school
children.Additionally，school
buses
use
alternative
green
fuels
like
natural
gas，and
electric
power.
Todd
Monteferrario，President
of
the
National
School
Transportation
Association，said
parents
should
remember
that
the
safest
and
smartest
choice
is
to
put
their
children
on
the
big
yellow
bus
when
they
can.
[学生习作]
The
familiar
yellow
school
bus
is
the
largest
system
of
mass
transportation
and
they
are
the
safest
method
for
getting
kids
to
and
from
school.(要点1)These
school
buses
meet
more
of
the
nation's
motor
vehicle
safety
standards
and
several
new
technologies
available
today
are
making
school
buses
even
safer.(要点2)Another
safety
tool
on
school
buses
is
high
seat
backs，closely?spaced
seats
and
energy?absorbing
seating.(要点3)
名师点评：
1．能够找出主题句，但是存在原文照搬现象，未能总结归纳；
2．文中的要点不够齐全，文章未能读透彻；
3．主题句的衔接过于简单。
[升格作文]
The
school
bus
is
the
safest
and
wisest
choice
to
school
in
the
US
for
the
following
reasons.(要点1)Firstly，school
buses
not
only
meet
high
vehicle
safety
standards
but
also
are
technologically
equipped.(要点2)Secondly，the
bus
drivers
have
to
pass
strict
qualification
tests
and
safety
driving
trainings.(要点3)Thirdly，school
buses，powered
by
green
fuels，are
environmentally
safe
by
reducing
the
number
of
private
cars
hitting
the
roads.(要点4)Therefore，children
are
encouraged
to
go
to
school
by
school
bus.(要点5)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Environmental
problems
are
becoming
more
and
more
serious
all
over
the
world.For
example，cars
have
made
the
air
unhealthy
for
people
to
breathe
and
poisonous
gases
are
given
off
by
factories.Trees
on
the
hills
have
been
cut
down
and
waste
water
is
being
poured
continuously
into
rivers.Furthermore，wherever
we
go
today，we
can
find
rubbish
carelessly
disposed
(处理).
There
are
different
kinds
of
pollutants，each
of
which
comes
from
different
sources.It
is
necessary
to
identify
the
source
of
pollution，in
order
to
make
a
policy
to
get
rid
of
them.Different
products，processes
and
activities
of
our
industrialized
world
together
form
the
major
source
of
pollution.
The
forms
of
pollution
can
be
mainly
divided
into
three
kinds—solids，liquid
and
gas.These
pollutants
have
greatly
damaged
our
planet
and
continue
to
do
so.In
fact，pollution
is
threatening
our
existence.The
whole
ecological
balance
of
the
earth
is
changing.Massive
destruction
of
environment
has
brought
about
negative
effects
and
even
posed
a
great
threat
to
man's
existence.
We
must
face
the
situation
that
exists
and
take
action
to
solve
our
environmental
problems.For
instance，new
laws
must
be
passed
to
place
strict
control
over
industrial
pollution;
the
public
must
receive
the
education
about
the
danger
of
pollution
and
raise
their
awareness
of
protecting
the
environment
and
so
on.
The
earth
is
our
home
and
we
have
the
duty
to
take
care
of
it
for
ourselves
and
our
later
generations.Fortunately，more
and
more
people
have
realized
these
problems.Measures
have
been
taken
to
deal
with
these
situations
by
the
government.And
laws
have
been
passed
to
stop
pollution，I
hope
the
problems
will
be
solved
in
the
near
future
and
our
home
will
become
better
and
better.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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[参考范文]
The
global
environment
is
becoming
worse
because
of
various
pollutants
related
to
the
industrial
world.(要点1)In
the
forms
of
gas，solids
and
liquid，these
pollutants
are
becoming
a
major
threat
to
the
earth
and
human
survival.Therefore，we
have
to
face
it
directly
and
spare
no
effort
to
handle
it.(要点2)Luckily，people
have
been
aware
of
the
urgency
of
environmental
protection
and
the
government
has
taken
action
to
solve
these
problems，which
surely
will
help
make
our
earth
better.(要点3)
1
