构词法
一、
构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫作构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。
二、
构词法讲解
(一)转化法
1．概念：英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化。
2．四种转化
[观察典例]
Let's
go
out
for
a
walk.
我们出去散散步吧。
Women
have
an
equal
say
in
everything.
妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。
He
backed
his
car
into
the
garage.
他把车倒进车库。
Did
you
book
a
seat
on
the
plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗？
The
train
slowed
down
to
half
its
speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
We
will
try
our
best
to
better
our
living
conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
She
was
dressed
in
blue.
她穿着蓝色衣服。
The
old
here
are
living
a
happy
life.
这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。
[归纳用法]
四种转化：①动词转化为名词 ②名词转化为动词
③形容词转化为动词 ④形容词转化为名词
[即学即练1] 句型转换
①We
had
lunch
together
after
the
meeting.
→We
lunched
together
after
the
meeting.
②Let's
fill
the
water
into
this
bottle.
→Let's
bottle
the
water.
③You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
go
on
a
diet.
→You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
diet．
④Snow
often
falls
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
→It
often
snows
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
(二)合成法
1．概念：由两个或多个单词合成一个新词，通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
2．三种合成方式
(1)连成一个词：butterfly蝴蝶；rainbow彩虹
(2)用连字符：well?known著名的；good?for?nothing无用之人
(3)分开写：flower
bed花坛；high
and
tight军人发型
3．四类合成词
(1)合成形容词
[观察典例]
noble?minded高尚的
good?tempered脾气好的
good?looking好看的
fine?sounding动听的
hard?working勤劳的
far?reaching深远的
peace?loving热爱和平的
face?to?face面对面的
state?owned国营的
heartfelt由衷的
well
mannered举止得体的
widespread广泛流传的
large?scale大规模的
high?class高级的
duty?free免税的
lifelong终身的，毕生的
[归纳用法]
合成形容词的构成方式：①形容词＋名词＋ed ②形容词＋现在分词 ③副词＋现在分词 ④名词＋现在分词 ⑤名词＋过去分词 ⑥副词＋过去分词 ⑦形容词＋名词 ⑧名词＋形容词 ⑨名词＋介词＋名词
(2)合成名词
[观察典例]
silkworm蚕
bloodtest验血
double?dealer两面派
shorthand速记
waiting
room候车室
sleeping
pill安眠药
pickpocket扒手
high
school中学
handwriting书法
wedding
dress婚纱
get?together联欢会
hide?and?seek捉迷藏游戏
downfall垮台
sit?down坐下休息
[归纳用法]
合成名词的构成方式
：①名词＋名词 ②形容词＋名词
③动名词＋名词 ④动词＋名词 ⑤名词＋动名词 ⑥动词＋连词＋动词 ⑦副词＋动词 ⑧动词＋副词
(3)合成动词
[观察典例]
sleepwalk梦游overthrow推翻whitewash粉刷
[归纳用法]
合成动词的构成方式：①名词＋动词②副词＋动词
③形容词＋动词
(4)合成副词
everywhere到处however无论如何forever永远downstairs在楼下
[归纳用法]
合成副词的构成方式：①形容词＋副词 ②副词＋副词
③介词＋副词 ④介词＋名词
[即学即练2] 写出下列合成词的汉语意思。
①salesman
售货员
②snow?white
雪白的
③blacklist
将……列入黑名单
④roommate
室友
⑤undergo
经历
(三)派生法
1．概念：在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
2．前缀
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
[观察典例]
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
lead带领→mislead错误引领
stop停下→non?stop不停
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
smoker吸烟的人→non?smoker不吸烟的人
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
[归纳用法]
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis?，il?，im?，in?，ir?，mis?，non?，un?等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
(2)其他意义的前缀
[观察典例]
alone单独的asleep睡着的forward向前foresee预见
international国际的interview会见microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶片
midnight午夜mid?autumn中秋的minibus微型汽车miniskirt超短裙
rewrite重写return返回review复习superman超人supermarket超级商场
telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视
[归纳用法]
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a?表状态；for?，fore?先，前，预；inter?间，相互；micro?微；mid?中；mini?微型的；re?重，再，复；super?上，超；tele?远距离的
(3)改变词性的前缀
[观察典例]
large(形容词，大的)→enlarge(动词，扩大)
courage(名词，勇气)→encourage(动词，鼓励)
value(名词，价值)→devalue(动词，降低……的价值)
friend(名词，朋友)→befriend(动词，与……交朋友)
little(形容词，小的)→belittle(动词，轻视)
board(名词，甲板)→aboard(副词，在船上)
side(名词，旁边)→aside(副词，在旁边)
sleep(动词，睡觉)→asleep(形容词，睡着的)
door(名词，门)→outdoor(形容词，户外的)
[归纳用法]
改变词性的前缀有：en?，de?，be?，a?，out?等。en?通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de?通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be?前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a?常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out?可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
3．后缀
(1)构成名词的后缀
[观察典例]
Chinese中国人，汉语
Japanese日本人，日语
foreigner外国人teacher老师
cleaner清洁工sailor水手
actor演员visitor来访者
artist艺术家pianist钢琴家
scientist科学家importance重要
performance执行absence缺勤
difference区别invention发明
protection保护agreement同意
arrangement安排illness生病kindness善良
[归纳用法]
构成名词的后缀常用的有?ence，?ese(表某地人或语言)，?er/?or/?ist(表人)，?ess(雌性)，?ian(精通……的人)，?ist(专业人员)，?ment(性质；状态)，?ness(性质；状态)，?tion(动作；过程)等。
(2)构成形容词的后缀
[观察典例]
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
[归纳用法]
构成形容词的后缀常用的有?al，?able
(有能力的)，?(a)n(某国人的)，?en
(多用于表示材料的名词后)，?ern
(方向的)，?ese(某国人的)，?ful，?(ic)al，?ish，?ive，?less
(表示否定)，?like
(像……的)，?ly，?ous，?some，?y
(表示天气)等。
(3)构成副词的后缀
[观察典例]
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
[归纳用法]
构成副词的常用后缀有?ly
(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，?ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
(4)构成动词的后缀
[观察典例]
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织
[归纳用法]
构成动词的后缀常用的有?en
(用于形容词之后)，?fy
(使……化)，?ize
(使……成为)。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①Theme
parks
offer
more
educational
things
than
amusement(amuse)parks
do.
②Smoke
can
blacken
(black)the
white
walls.
③The
weather
in
Britain
is
changeable
(change).You
can
find
that
one
minute
it
is
rainy
and
the
next
minute
the
sun
is
shining
brightly.
④Sometimes
unknown
things
appear
mysterious
(
mystery)to
us.
⑤If
we
human
beings
keep
on
killing
the
wildlife，some
animals
will
disappear
(appear)completely.
(四)缩略法
[观察典例]
Labour→Lab.(英国)工党
November→Nov.十一月
[归纳用法]
上述缩略词是靠截去词的尾部构成的。
[观察典例]
television→TV电视
postscript→PS附言，又及
[归纳用法]
上述缩略词是靠保留前缀及词根的首字母构成的。
[观察典例]
mister→Mr.
先生
doctor→
Dr.
医生；博士
[归纳用法]
上述缩略词是靠保留单词的首尾字母构成的。
[观察典例]
Member
of
Parliament→MP议员
Very
Important
Person→VIP要人；大人物
information
technology→IT信息技术
Internet
Service
Provider→ISP
互联网服务供应商
[归纳用法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按字母分别读音，虚词省略。
[观察典例]
Test
of
English
as
a
Foreign
Language→TOEFL
托福考试
computer
assisted
learning→CAL
计算机辅助学习
United
Nations
Educational，Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization→UNESCO
联合国教科文组织
[归纳用法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按单词读音。
[即学即练4]
写出下列词的缩略词
①the
United
States
of
America→USA
美国
②World
Wide
Web→WWW万维网
③the
Voice
of
America→VOA美国之音
④central
processing
unit→CPU中央处理器
Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义
1．He
emptied
the
bottle.
v.腾空，倒空
2．Each
young
person
must
shoulder
his
responsibility.
v.肩负，承担
3．I
want
a
say
in
the
management
of
the
business.
n.发言权
4．The
officials
have
booked
hotel
rooms
for
the
women
and
children.
v.预订
5．The
government
hopes
to
better
the
conditions
of
the
peasants.
v.改善
6．Which
country
is
to
host
the
next
Olympic
Games？
v.主办
7．Open
the
windows
to
cool
the
room.
v.使凉快，使冷却
8．If
they
are
nursed
properly，the
plants
will
flower
in
early
spring.
v.护理；v.开花
9．He
fooled
a
lot
of
people
into
believing
that
he
was
noble?minded.
v.欺骗；adj.品德高尚的
10．After
work，the
saleswoman
didn't
head
straight
home.
n.女售货员；v.前往
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Take
the
medicine
twice
(two)a
day
after
meals.
2．I
can
never
find
the
difference
(differ)between
the
twins.
3．We
hope
you
children
grow
happily
and
healthily
(healthy).
4．When
he
is
slow，I
often
encourage
(courage)him.
5．Wait
and
see—the
problem
won't
just
disappear(appear).
6．A
foreigner(foreign)came
to
visit
our
school
last
Friday.
7．At
the
beginning
(begin)of
the
class，Mr.
Tang
told
us
a
funny
story.
8．This
is
a
new
programme
to
enable(able)older
people
to
study
at
college.
9．It's
very
dangerous
(danger)to
cross
a
busy
street.
10．Jane's
mother
looked
tired
and
worried
(worry).
Ⅲ.选词填空
absent?minded，passer?by，face?to?face，dry?clean，fairy
tale，peace?loving，color?blind，pickpocket，notebook，ready?made
1．Such
expensive
clothes
need
dry?cleaning．
2．The
boy
is
color?blind
and
cannot
tell
blue
from
yellow.
3．Some
passers?by
lent
me
a
hand
when
they
saw
me
get
into
trouble.
4．The
pickpocket
was
caught
stealing
the
cell
phone
from
a
lady.
5．Now
tell
me
the
truth：I
don't
want
any
more
of
your
fairy
tales．
6．They
agreed
to
have
a
face?to?face
interview
next
week.
7．The
fat
man
can
hardly
find
any
ready?made
clothes
that
fit
him
well.
8．We
Chinese
are
peace?loving
people
and
we'll
never
declare
war
on
others.
9．The
absent?minded
professor
is
always
losing
his
glasses
when
wearing
them.
10．When
I
use
my
dictionary，I
write
down
all
the
new
words
I
learn
in
this
little
notebook．
2Language
is
the
only
instrument
of
science，and
words
are
but
the
signs
of
ideas.—Samuel
Johnson
语言是科学的唯一工具，而词则是思想的符号。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
Language
is
the
amber
in
which
a
thousand
precious
and
subtle
thoughts
have
been
safely
embedded
and
preserved.—Richard
C．Trench
语言是孕育着千百种宝贵和微妙思想的琥珀。
——理查德C.特伦奇
Languages
are
to
be
learned
only
by
reading
and
talking，and
not
by
scraps
of
authors
got
by
heart.—John
Locke
语言只有通过读和说才能学会，决不是仅凭记住一些作家的只言片语。
——约翰·洛克
On
a
dark
night，an
old
mouse
led
a
little
mouse
out
to
look
for
food.In
the
kitchen，there
were
many
leftovers
in
the
garbage
can.While
they
were
eating
in
the
garbage
can，suddenly
came
a
voice
that
made
them
heartbreaking，“Meow...”It
was
a
big
cat's
voice.They
all
ran
for
their
lives.Finally，the
little
mouse
couldn't
escape
and
was
caught
by
the
cat.When
the
cat
was
about
to
eat
the
little
mouse，suddenly
came
a
series
of
dog
barks，which
frightened
the
cat
to
run
for
its
life.After
the
cat
left，the
old
mouse
came
out
from
behind
the
garbage
can
and
said，“I
told
you
before
learning
one
more
language
is
beneficial
and
harmless.”It
seems
to
be
a
joke，but
it
has
profound
meaning.More
skills，more
roads.Continuous
learning
is
the
lifelong
commitment
of
successful
people.
The
history
of
the
English
language
really
started
when
other
peoples
arrived
in
England
during
the
5th
century.
Old
English
The
invading
Germans
spoke
similar
languages，which
in
Britain
developed
into
what
we
now
call
Old
English.Old
English
didn't
sound
or
look
like
English
today.Native
English
speakers
now
would
have
great
difficulty
understanding
Old
English.However，about
half
of
the
most
commonly
used
words
in
Modern
English
have
Old
English
roots.
Middle
English
In
1066，the
Norman
invaded
and
conquered
England
and
brought
with
them
French.For
a
period，the
lower
classes
spoke
English
and
the
upper
classes
spoke
French.In
the
14th
century，English
became
dominant
in
Britain
again，with
many
French
words
added.This
language
is
called
Middle
English.
Late
Modern
English
The
main
difference
between
Early
Modern
English
and
Late
Modern
English
is
vocabulary.Late
Modern
English
has
many
more
words，resulting
from
two
main
factors：technology
development
and
the
expansion
of
the
British
Empire.The
English
language
used
foreign
words
from
many
countries.
Now
there
are
many
other
varieties
of
English
in
the
world，such
as
Australian
English，New
Zealand
English，Canadian
English，South
African
English，Indian
English
and
Caribbean
English.
[探索发现]
1．How
do
the
native
English
speakers
now
find
the
Old
English?
They
find
it
difficult
to
understand.
2．Who
introduced
French
into
England?
The
Norman
who
invaded
and
conquered
England.
3．Which
variety
of
English
do
you
find
easier
to
learn?
略
2Ⅰ.匹配词义
A.单词匹配
( )1.sculpt
A．adj.difficult
to
understand;
not
clear
( )2.sculpture
B．n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
( )3.opposing
C．adj.that
can
be
seen
( )4.confusing
D．v.雕刻，雕塑
( )5.visible
E．adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，
相对立的
[答案] 1－5 DBEAC
B．短语匹配
( )1.burn
up
A．给(机械)上发条；
使(活动、会议等)结束
( )2.speaking
of
B．烧毁，烧尽
( )3.in
one's
free
time
C．在某人的业余时间
( )4.fill
in/out
D．说到，谈及
( )5.wind
up
E．填写
[答案] 1－5 BDCEA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．title
n.
题目，标题
2．behavior
n.
举止，行为
3．unique
adj.
独一无二的，独特的
4．alarm
n.
警报器；闹钟
5．reflect
v.
显示，反映
6．creativity
n.
创造性，创造力
7．creative
adj.
创造(性)的
Ⅰ.语境填空
confusing，alarm，visible，reflect，title，unique，sculpt，behavior，creativity，opposing
1．—How
can
you
wake
up
so
early?
—Set
the
alarm
at
5：00
a．m.
and
you'll
make
it.
2．The
number
of
college
graduates
in
a
country
can
reflect
its
cultural
standards.
3．The
city
filled
with
unique
buildings
is
a
city
for
lovers
of
history，architecture
and
food.
4．The
improper
behavior
of
some
judges
made
Chinese
players
upset.
5．He
had
the
opposing
view
and
felt
that
the
war
was
immoral.
6．A
good
teacher，like
a
child
in
his
soul，should
have
the
creativity，imagination
and
exploration
ability.
7．In
part
one
you
will
see
how
to
sculpt
the
primary
forms
of
the
hand.
8．Do
you
know
what
the
title
of
her
new
book
is?
9．The
house
is
clearly
visible
from
the
beach.
10．Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning，which
can
be
confusing．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It's
confusing
(confuse)for
graduates
to
be
faced
with
20
job
offers.
2．At
our
meeting
we
heard
two
opposing
(oppose)opinions.
3．The
house
is
clearly
visible
(vision)from
miles
away.
4．The
writing
of
stories
or
plays
is
often
called
creative
(create)writing.
5．The
number
from
the
US
office
of
Education
is
alarming(alarm).
6．In
the
museum
there
is
a
marble
sculpture(sculpt)of
Venus.
7．It's
a
bad
behavior
(behave)to
smoke
in
public
places
where
smoking
isn't
allowed.
8．If
your
kids
are
bad，it's
a
reflection
(reflect)on
you.
1．This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。
2．You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off!
你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
3．That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。
4．And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind
up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind
up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
名师圈点
①have
trouble
(in)doing
sth.做某事有困难
②ham
n．火腿
③eggplant
n．茄子
④pine
n．松树
⑤pineapple
n．菠萝
⑥sculpt
v．雕刻，雕塑
sculpture
n．雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品
⑦seasick
adj.晕船的
airsick
adj.晕机的
carsick
adj.晕车的
homesick
adj.想家的
⑧speaking
of...讲起……，说到……
⑨opposite
n．对立的人(或物)，对立面adj.相反的；对面的
opposing
adj.相反的；对立的
oppose
vt.反对，抵制
⑩harmless
adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的
harmful
adj.
有害的，导致损害的
?ful是形容词后缀，表示“充满……，有……倾向的，有……性质的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。
?less是形容词后缀，表示“无……的，没有……的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。
?shameless
adj.无耻的，没廉耻的
shameful
adj.可耻的，丢脸的
?behavior
n．举止，行为
?confusing
adj.令人困惑的(修饰事物)
?capitalize
vt.
把……首字母大写；为……提供运营资本
?wonder
v.
感到诧异，非常想知道
n．惊讶；奇迹
wonder
at对……感到诧异
(it's)no
wonder
that... ……不足为奇/并不奇怪
?unique
adj.独一无二的，独特的
?madness
n.
疯狂；愚蠢行为
?ness是名词后缀，常用在形容词后，构成名词。
?burn
up烧毁，烧尽
burn
down(建筑物)(被)烧毁
?fill
in填写(表格等)
fill
out
填写(表格等)
?alarm
n．警报器；闹钟
?reflect
v．显示；反映，映出；深思
?creativity
n．创造性，创造力
?human
race人类
?visible
adj.看得见的，可见的
invisible
adj.看不见的
否定前缀in?放在形容词前，构成其反义词，意为“不……的，非……的”。
?wind
up给(机械)上发条，使(活动、会议等)结束
原文呈现
Neither
Pine
nor
Apple
in
Pineapple
1．Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning①
English?
I
hadn't，until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham②
in
a
hamburger.【1】
There
isn't.This
made
me
realize
that
there's
no
egg
in
eggplant③
either.Neither
is
there
pine④
nor
apple
in
pineapple⑤.【2】This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.【3】
【1】整个句子是“not...until...”句式。“I
hadn't”是“I
hadn't
asked
myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。
【2】
“neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不……又不……”；此处否定词Neither
位于句首，故句子用倒装结构。
【3】句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。句中“got
me
thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾补。
2．For
example，in
our
free
time
we
can
sculpt⑥
a
sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，but
we
take
a
photo.And
when
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi，but
on
the
train
or
bus！While
we're
doing
all
this
traveling，we
can
get
seasick⑦at
sea，airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，but
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.【4】And
speaking
of
⑧
home，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing?
【4】
本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
3．If
“hard”
is
the
opposite⑨
of
“soft”，
why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
opposing
pair?
If
harmless⑩
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions，why
are
shameless?
and
shameful
behaviors?
the
same?
4．When
we
look
out
of
the
window
and
see
rain
or
snow，we
can
say
“it's
raining”
or
“it's
snowing”．But
when
we
see
sunshine，we
can't
say
“it's
sunshining”．
5．Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
confusing?.When
you
see
the
capitalized?
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report，do
you
read
it
as
the
“who”in“Who's
that？”
【5】
What
about
“IT”
and
“US”？
【5】When引导时间状语从句。过去分词capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。
6．You
also
have
to
wonder?
at
the
unique?
madness?
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up?
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in?
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm?
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off
【6】！
【6】
三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a
language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。
7．English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects?
the
creativity?
of
the
human
race?.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible?，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.【7】And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up?my
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
【7】That
is
why...意为“这就是……的原因”，为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句。
译文参考
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
1．你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(蛋)；而pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。
2．例如，闲暇时我们可以sculpt
a
sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint
a
painting(画一幅画)，但是要说take
a
photo(拍一张照片)。旅行时，我们说我们in
the
car(在小汽车里)或in
the
taxi(在出租车里)，但是要说on
the
train(在火车上)或on
the
bus(在公共汽车上)！旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会“晕家”。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务劳动)不是一回事呢？
3．如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果harmless
actions(无害的行为)是harmful
actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么shameless
behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful
behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？
4．当我们向窗外看去，看到rain雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's
raining”(下雨了)或“it's
snowing”(下雪了)，但我们看到sunshine(阳光)时，我们不能说“it's
sunshining”(下阳光了)。
5．即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO”时，你会将它理解为“Who's
that？”(那是谁)中的“who”(谁)吗？那么
“IT”和
“US”呢？
6．你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
7．英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind
up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind
up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
2课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.根据句意，用框中的词构成合成词并填空
friend，sick，up，sun，paid，pen，hill，well，home，shine
1．I
have
a
penfriend
called
Coco.He
lives
in
London
with
his
grandparents
and
I
will
meet
him
during
this
summer
holiday.
2．The
job
is
very
well?paid．
3．After
I
read
the
letter
from
my
mother
last
night，I
began
to
feel
more
and
more
homesick．
4．Yesterday，the
coming
of
the
children
and
their
wonderful
performance
brought
sunshine
into
the
old
people's
lives.
5．The
last
part
of
the
race
is
all
uphill．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The
information
you
gave
us
was
incorrect
(correct)，so
we
didn't
find
the
museum
and
got
lost
on
the
way.
2．Although
he
disliked
(like)going
to
the
countryside，he
had
to
visit
his
grandparents
there
twice
a
month.
3．After
Susan
came
back
from
Italy，she
was
happy
to
see
the
improvement
(improve)in
her
son's
behavior.
4．There
is
a
marble
sculpture(sculpt)of
Venus
in
the
exhibition.
5．I
am
not
saying
you
did
badly
in
the
English
exam，but
honestly
(honest)you
could
do
better.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Have
you
ever
considered
all
the
English
expressions
that
include
words
about
clothes?
Let's
have
a
look.
People
wear
pants
to
cover
the
lower
part
of
their
bodies.
We
sometimes
say
that
people
who
are
nervous
have
ants
in
their
pants.
Sometimes,
people
may
get
caught
with
their
pants
down.
They
are
found
doing
something
they
should
not
be
doing.
And,
in
every
family,
one
person
takes
control.
Sometimes
a
wife
tells
her
husband
what
to
do.
Then
we
say
she
wears
the
pants
in
the
family.
Pants
usually
have
pockets
to
hold
things.
Money
that
is
likely
to
be
spent
quickly
can
burn
a
hole
in
your
pocket.
Sometimes
you
need
a
belt
to
hold
up
your
pants.
If
you
have
less
money
than
usual,
you
may
have
to
tighten
your
belt.
I
always
praise
people
who
can
save
their
money
and
not
spend
too
much.
I
really
take
my
hat
off
to
them.
Yet,
when
it
comes
to
my
own
money,
I
spend
it
at
the
drop
of
a
hat,
which
means
I
instantly
spend
it.
Boots
are
a
heavy
or
strong
kind
of
shoes.
People
who
are
too
big
for
their
boots
think
they
are
more
important
than
they
really
are.
I
dislike
such
people.
My
father
is
an
important
person.
He
runs
a
big
company.He
wears
a
suit
and
tie,
and
a
shirt
with
sleeves
(衣袖)that
cover
his
arms.
Some
people
who
do
not
know
him
well
think
he
is
too
serious
and
never
shows
his
feelings
openly.
But
I
know
that
my
father
wears
his
heart
on
his
sleeve.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了有关衣物类的英语谚语及其用法和含义。
1．Which
of
the
following
expressions
can
show
someone
is
nervous?
A．Get
caught
with
one's
pants
down.
B．Have
ants
in
one's
pants.
C．Wear
the
pants
in
the
family.
D．Burn
a
hole
in
one's
pocket.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We
sometimes
say
that
people
who
are
nervous
have
ants
in
their
pants.”可知，当一个人很紧张时，我们可以用“Have
ants
in
one's
pants.”来表述。故选B项。]
2．If
we
say
someone
has
to
tighten
his
belt,
we
probably
mean
he________．
A．has
done
something
wrong
B．used
to
live
a
rich
life
C．has
put
on
the
wrong
pants
D．is
short
of
money
D [细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“If
you
have
less
money
than
usual,
you
may
have
to
tighten
your
belt.”可知，“someone
has
to
tighten
his
belt”主要用来描述一个人钱不够花、很拮据的情景。故选D项。]
3．Someone
who
spends
his
money
at
the
drop
of
a
hat
most
probably
________．
A．doesn't
save
money
B．earns
much
money
C．never
wastes
his
money
D．spends
more
than
he
earns
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Yet，when
it
comes
to
my
own
money，I
spend
it
at
the
drop
of
a
hat，which
means
I
instantly
spend
it.”可知，“Someone
who
spends
his
money
at
the
drop
of
a
hat”意味着一个人花钱大手大脚，不节省。故选A项。]
4．We
can
use
the
expression
“wear
one's
heart
on
one's
sleeve”
to
describe
someone
who
________．
A．gets
angry
easily
B．looks
very
serious
C．shows
his
feelings
openly
D．often
wears
a
suit
and
tie
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some
people
who
do
not
know
him
well
think
he
is
too
serious
and
never
shows
his
feelings
openly.But
I
know
that
my
father
wears
his
heart
on
his
sleeve.”可知，
“wear
one's
heart
on
one's
sleeve”用来指一个人敞开胸怀表达自己的情感。故选C项。]
Ⅳ.完形填空
Do
you
know
how
many
languages
there
are
in
the
world?
There
are
about
5，500，but
many
of
them
are
not
considered
very
__1__．English
is
considered
one
of
the
most
important
languages
because
many
people
__2__
it，not
only
in
the
UK
and
the
US，but
in
other
countries
of
the
world.About
375
million
speak
it
as
their
own
language，and
another
750
million
use
it
as
a
__3__
language.It
is
__4__
to
say
how
many
people
are
learning
it.Millions
of
boys
and
girls
in
schools
are
trying
to
do
so.
Many
English
children
__5__
French.French
is
also
a
very
important
language.Some
children
learn
German，Chinese，Japanese
and
Russian，of
which
Chinese
is
getting
more
and
more
popular.
Which
is
the
best
__6__
to
learn
a
language?
We
know
that
we
all
learnt
the
__7__
language
well
when
we
were
__8__．If
we
learn
a
second
language
in
the
__9__
way，it
may
not
seem
so
difficult.What
does
a
small
child
do?
He
__10__
what
people
say，and
he
tries
to
guess
what
he
hears.When
he
wants
something，he
has
to
__11__
it.He
is
using
the
language，__12__
and
talking
in
it
at
all
times.If
people
use
a
second
language
all
the
time，they
will
learn
it
__13__．
In
school，you
learn
to
read，to
write，to
hear
and
to
__14__．It
is
best
to
learn
all
new
words
through
the
__15__．You
can
read
them，spell
them
and
speak
them
later.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当今学习语言的现状及最好的学习方法。
1．A.spoken
B．happy
C．important
D．ideal
C [根据后一句中的“English
is
considered
one
of
the
most
important
languages”可知，此处是说，世界上大约有5
500种语言，但其中许多语言被认为是不重要的。故选C项。]
2．A.love
B．use
C．operate
D．copy
B [根据后面的“not
only
in
the
UK
and
the
US，but
in
other
countries
of
the
world”可知，此处是说英语被认为是最重要的语言之一，是因为许多人使用它。故选B项。]
3．A.distant
B．second
C．formal
D．special
B [根据语境及第三段中的“If
we
learn
a
second
language”可知，此处指把英语当作第二语言。second
language意为“第二语言”，故选B项。]
4．A.easy
B．latest
C．difficult
D．best
C [根据语境，此处是说很难说出到底有多少人在学英语。因为人员众多，不好统计，故选C项。]
5．A.ignore
B．understand
C．study
D．communicate
C [根据后文的Some
children
learn
German可知，此处指许多英国孩子学习法语。故选C项。]
6．A.time
B．way
C．thing
D．place
B [根据后文的“If
we
learn
a
second
language
in
the
________
way”可知，此处是问学习语言最好的方法是什么。故选B项。]
7．A.foreign
B．other
C．universal
D．native
D [根据下一句中的“If
we
learn
a
second
language
in
the
________
way”及常识可推知，此处是说，当我们还是孩子的时候，我们都能学好我们的母语。native
language意为“母语”。故选D项。]
8．A.learners
B．children
C．students
D．talents
B [根据下文的“What
does
a
small
child
do？”可知选B项。]
9．A.same
B．different
C．useful
D．good
A [根据语境，此处是说如果我们用相同的方式学习第二语言，就不会那么难了。故选A项。]
10．A.talks
B．wants
C．cries
D．follows
D [根据语境及空后的“he
tries
to
guess
what
he
hears”可知，此处指小孩学语言时专心听人们说的话并尝试猜测他们听到的内容；follow在此意为“认真倾听；理解”。故选D项。]
11．A.turn
to
B．go
over
C．get
through
D．ask
for
D [根据空前的“When
he
wants
something”可知，此处指小孩想要什么东西的时候，就会开口要。ask
for意为“(向某人)要”。故选D项。]
12．A.joking
B．planning
C．thinking
D．doing
C [结合选项可知，此处是指孩子在使用这门语言，始终用这门语言思考和谈话。故选C项。]
13．A.fluently
B．confidently
C．freely
D．easily
D [根据语境，此处指如果一直使用第二语言，那么就很容易学会它。故选D项。]
14．A.fight
B．sing
C．speak
D．play
C [根据常识，学习一门语言时要培养听、说、读、写四项技能。故选C项。]
15．A.mouth
B．hands
C．ears
D．eyes
C [根据下一句“You
can
read
them，spell
them
and
speak
them
later.”可知，此处是说通过用耳朵听的方式来学习所有新单词是最好的，之后你可以再将它们读、拼写和说出来。故选C项。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2020·山东烟台高一期中)Thousands
of
us
are
eager
to
learn
English
well;
many
of
us
also
dream
of
shining
on
stage
as
actors
or
actresses.But
how
about
combining
the
two?
Yes，act
in
English!
Wang
Peihan，1.________
student
from
Yunnan
Secondary
School，2.________(give)a
part
in
the
drama
of
King
Lear.The
young
boy
3.________(careful)watched
the
2008
film
version
of
the
play
over
and
over
again，4.________
enabled
him
to
become
an
“expert”
in
this
classic
masterpiece.Learning
5.________
the
actor
Ian
McKellen
as
Lear
of
the
film，Wang
understood
King
Lear's
character
very
well.“So
the
key
point
of
my
6.________(perform)is
emotional
expression，”
he
said.
However，the
acting
of
a
professional
actor
wasn't
always
a
help.It
also
put
the
students
under
pressure.“It
was
important
not
to
be
7.________
(lose)in
the
famous
film.We
wrote
some
of
the
lines
by
8.________(we).It
was
both
a
challenge
and
encouragement
9.________
(use)our
own
language
skills，”
Wang
explained.
By
acting
in
English，the
students
not
only
have
fun
10.________(practise)English，but
also
gain
insight
into
the
beauty
of
different
cultures.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名中学生王培汉(音译)和他的同学们把舞台剧表演和英语学习结合在一起，在练习英语的同时，领略不同文化之美的故事。
1．a [句意：王培汉是云南中学的一名学生，他在戏剧《李尔王》中扮演了一个角色。student在文中第一次出现，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。]
2．was
given [句意见上一题解析。设空处为句子的谓语，与主语Wang
Peihan之间是动宾关系，而且描述的是过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was
given。]
3．carefully [句意：这个小男孩认真地反复观看了2008年电影版的《李尔王》，这使得他成为这部经典佳作的“专家”。设空处修饰动词watched，应用副词。故填carefully。]
4．which [句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，故用which引导该从句。]
5．from [句意：在向影片中李尔的扮演者伊恩·麦克莱恩学习后，王培汉充分地理解了李尔王的性格。learn
from...为固定搭配，意为“向……学习”。故填from。]
6．performance [句意：他说：“所以我表演的关键在于情感的表达。”设空处作介词of的宾语，且其前有形容词性物主代词my修饰，应用名词形式。故填performance。]
7．lost [句意：王培汉解释说：“不要迷失在著名的影片中这一点是很重要的。我们自己写了一些台词。去展示我们自己的语言功底既是一个挑战，也是一种鼓励。”be
lost
in为固定搭配，意为“沉湎于；全神贯注于”。故填lost。]
8．ourselves [句意见上一题解析。此处表示“我们自己”，应用反身代词，故填ourselves。]
9．to
use [句意见第7题解析。该句中It是形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语，故填to
use。]
10．practising [句意：通过用英语表演，学生们不仅开心地练习了英语，也领略了不同文化之美。have
fun
doing
sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事很开心”，故填practising。]
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.petrol
A．n.靴子
( )2.apartment
B．n.上下文，语境
( )3.context
C．n.一套住房，公寓套房
( )4.boot
D．n.蛙，青蛙
( )5.frog
E．n.汽油
[答案] 1－5 ECBAD
B．短语匹配
( )1.come
across
A．谨慎行事；避免冒险
( )2.be
aware
of
B．(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
( )4.to
one's
astonishment
D．意识到，察觉到
( )5.play
safe
E．令某人惊讶的是
[答案] 1－5 CDBEA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．contact
v.
联系，联络
2．likely
adj.
可能的，可能发生的
3．addition
n.
增加物，添加物
4．remind
v.
提醒，使……想起
5．comment
n.
评论
6．actually
adv.
事实上，实际上
7.
negative
adj.
消极的，负面的
8.
intend
v.
计划，打算
9．recognise
v.
认识，辨认出
10．base
v.
以……为基础
Ⅰ.语境填空
subway，downstairs，negative，resource，recognise，
remind，comment，section，rather，entrance
1．Jack
heard
a
loud
noise
downstairs
so
he
opened
the
window
to
find
why.
2．The
resource
you
can
find
will
be
helpful
for
your
understanding
on
the
topic.
3．The
teacher
will
remind
the
students
to
take
the
umbrella
tomorrow.
4．The
eastern
section
of
the
town
stands
a
new
hospital
and
a
new
school.
5．He
regretted
that
he
was
not
brave
enough
to
make
the
comment
at
the
conference
yesterday.
6．The
weather
of
today
is
rather
hot
compared
to
this
time
last
year.
7．You
can
take
the
subway
No.1
to
get
to
Tian'anmen
Square.
8．Don't
let
others'
negative
attitude
towards
life
disturb
your
own
life.
9．The
machine
can
recognise
handwritten
characters
and
turn
them
into
the
printed
text.
10．Shall
we
meet
him
at
the
main
entrance
to
the
school?
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．All
the
boys
are
wearing
informal
(formal)clothes
for
the
birthday
party.
2．People
actually
(actual)give
you
any
advice
based
on
their
own
understanding
of
the
situation.
3．She
will
work
in
new
and
unfamiliar
(familiar)surroundings
for
a
short
time.
4．This
organization
(organize)was
set
up
to
help
students
with
learning
problems.
5．In
addition(add)，we
should
pay
for
anything
we
use
here
in
the
party.
6．The
awareness
(aware)of
protecting
our
eyes
should
be
stressed
again
and
again.
7．The
photo
becomes
a
reminder(remind)of
our
happy
days
together.
8．Our
city
has
changed
beyond
all
recognition
(recognize)in
the
past
20
years，a
completely
new
one
in
front
of
me.
9．I
came
with
the
intention
(intend)of
staying，but
now
I've
decided
to
leave.
10．He
is
unlikely
(likely)to
find
the
place
where
he
lived
forty
years
ago.
1．One
day，a
different
teacher
took
our
class.
有一天，另外一个老师给我们代课。
2．Poor
Maggie—but
why
did
she
try
to
eat
such
a
big
frog?
可怜的玛吉老师——可是她为什么要吃那么大的青蛙呢？
3．At
the
information
desk
at
the
entrance，I
asked
a
lady
where
the
shoe
section
was.
我在入口处问服务台的女士卖鞋的地方在哪里。
4．The
British
must
have
really
high
standards.
英国人的标准一定很高很高。
5．I
knew
I
had
done
a
good
job
and
was
looking
forward
to
getting
a
positive
comment.
我知道我干得不错并期待着获得好评。
2阅读P20－21教材课文，选出最佳选项
1．What
does
the
sentence
“We
didn't
expect
to
get
so
many
posts！”
in
Paragraph
1
mean?
A．People
are
not
interested
in
the
topic.
B．People
are
too
shy
to
give
their
opinions.
C．We
don't
think
it
is
interesting.
D．People
responded
enthusiastically
to
the
topic，which
is
out
of
our
expectation.
2．Why
couldn't
English
teacher
Maggie
teach
that
day?
A．Because
she
ate
a
big
frog.
B．Because
she
was
afraid
that
she
had
a
frog
in
her
stomach.
C．Because
she
had
a
sore
throat
and
couldn't
speak.
D．Because
she
was
very
tired
after
eating
a
frog
in
her
throat.
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．“The
first
floor”
in
America
may
be
called
“the
ground
floor”
in
another
country.
B．When
we
say
someone
is
“wicked”，
we
only
want
to
show
the
person
is
bad.
C．If
you
want
to
go
to
“The
first
floor”
in
America
when
you
enter
a
building，you
should
go
upstairs.
D．In
China，we
use
“Not
bad！”
to
show
something
is
good.
[答案] 1－3 DCB
Words
and
Phrases
come
across
偶然发现；偶然遇见，碰见；被理解
(教材原句P17)When
you
open
a
dictionary，you
often
come
across
a
lot
of
unfamiliar
words.
当你打开词典，你经常碰见许多不熟悉的单词。
[例] I
absent?mindedly
turned
the
pages
of
the
phone
book
and
came
across
a
city
map.
我无意中翻开电话簿的一页，偶然发现了一张城市地图。
[知识拓展]
come
about
发生
come
out
出版；出来
come
to
来到；合计，总共是；苏醒过来
come
on
(表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧
come
to
an
end
结束
come
up
with
赶上；提出
come
from
来自
come
into
being
形成；产生
[即学即练] 用come的相关短语填空
①—You
know
what?
I've
got
a
New
Year
concert
ticket.
—Oh，come
on．You're
kidding.
②Should
you
come
across
waste
paper
thrown
out
of
a
passing
car，pick
it
up.
③Our
students
come
from
different
backgrounds
but
have
the
same
desire
to
learn
online.
④I
was
amazed
that
he'd
come
up
with
this
sweet
idea.
[小片段填空]
I
came
across
an
old
school
friend
in
Oxford
Street
this
morning.He
told
me
the
smartphone—like
glasses
would
come
out
this
year
and
cost
between
$250
and
$600.My
long?awaited
dream
came
true
at
last.
contact
vt.联系，联络
n.联系，联络；接触
(教材原句P17)a
friend
that
you
contact
by
writing，traditionally
using
a
pen.
一个你通过书写联系的朋友，传统上是用钢笔。
[例] I
contacted
my
uncle
as
soon
as
I
went
to
Beijing.
我一去北京就和我的叔叔联系上了。
[知识拓展]
get
into
contact
with...＝make
contact
with...
与……取得联系
keep
in
contact
with...
与……保持联系
lose
contact
with...
与……失去联系
be
in/out
of
contact
with...
与……有/没有联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You'd
better
get
into
contact
with
him
as
soon
as
possible.
②Have
you
kept
in
contact
with
our
classmates
after
graduation?
I
have
lost
contact
with
most
of
them.
[小片段填空]
For
any
information
about
the
new
book，please
contact(contact)our
local
office.We
will
get
into
contact
with
you.And
you
will
be
expected
to
keep
in
contact
with
us
for
further
details.
(教材原句P17)likely
adj.可能的，可能发生的adv.或许，可能
[例] I'd
very
likely
have
done
the
same
thing
in
your
situation.
我要是处在你这种情况，也有可能会那样做的。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
likely
to
do
sth.
很可能做某事
It
is
likely
that...
很可能……
not
likely
决不可能，绝对不会(表示强烈反对)
(2)unlikely
adj.
不大可能的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
more
you
hurry，the
less
progress
you
are
likely
to
make
(make).
②It
is
very
likely
that
my
parents
will
not
allow
me
to
go.
③Where
there
is
a
will
there
is
a
way，so
you
are
unlikely
(likely)to
be
jobless
for
long.
[小片段填空]
What
are
the
likely(like)effects
of
the
law
going
to
be?
It
is
likely
to
cause
good
effect
to
the
protection
of
the
wild
animals.It
is
also
likely
that
more
people
volunteer
to
donate
to
the
organizations
protecting
the
wild
animals.
remind
v.提醒，使……想起
(教材原句P20)Here
are
some
of
our
favourites，to
remind
us
that
some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
rather
different
from
the
English
in
the
outside
world!
以下列出了我们最喜爱的几条，用以提醒大家，我们在课堂上学到的英语跟外部世界的英语大不相同！
[例] The
man
put
out
the
cigarette
when
reminded
that
smoking
was
not
allowed
on
the
bus.
当被提醒公交车上不允许抽烟时，那位男子熄灭了香烟。
[知识拓展]
remind
sb.of
sth.
提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind
sb.(not)to
do
sth.
提醒某人(不要)做某事
remind
sb.that...
提醒某人……
reminder
n.
提醒人的事物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Reminded
(remind)not
to
drive
after
drinking，some
drivers
are
still
trying
their
luck，which
is
really
dangerous.
②He
reminded
me
not
to
forget
(forget)my
promise.
③The
seventeen?year?old
boy
put
up
a
picture
of
Bill
Gates
beside
the
bed
to
keep
himself
reminded
of
his
own
dream.
④Having
been
reminded
(remind)of
table
manners
three
times，the
kids
began
to
behave
themselves.
[小片段填空]
At
one
time，Peterson
was
a
lazy
person
and
was
always
reminded(remind)to
work
hard.Since
his
business
failed
last
year，he
regarded
the
failure
as
a
reminder(remind)of
his
laziness.And
he
also
made
his
wife
remind
him
of
his
failure
of
last
year
once
in
a
while
to
keep
himself
working
harder
and
harder.
comment
n．[C，U]评论，议论v.发表意见，评论
(教材原句P20)325
comments
325条评论
[例] He
made
no
comments
on
our
proposal.
他对我们的建议没有作评论。
[知识拓展]
make
comments/a
comment
on/about...
对……发表评论；提意见
comment
on/upon...
对……进行评论
comment
that.../make
a
comment
that
评论说……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
reporter
commented
(comment)that
the
film
Lost
and
Love
was
very
moving.
②Don't
make
comments
(comment)if
you
cannot
understand
the
real
meaning.
③I
know
nothing
about
the
incident
so
I
refuse
to
comment
on/upon
it.
④对别人评头论足是不礼貌的。
It
is
rude
to
comment/to
make
a
comment
on
others'
appearance.
[小片段填空]
So
far，Mr.
Cook
has
not
commented
on
these
reports.I
commented(comment)on
his
actions
without
any
prejudice.But
it
is
not
unusual
that
the
company
makes
no
comments(comment)about
them.
intend
v.计划，打算，想要
(教材原句P22)morally
wrong
and
intending
to
hurt
people...
在道德上是错误的，并且打算伤害他人……
[例] Mr.
White
is
back
home
now
and
intends
to
write
a
book
about
his
adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
[知识拓展]
(1)intend
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
打算/想要做某事
intend
sb.to
do
sth.
想要某人做某事
be
intended
for＝be
meant
for
是为……而提供/设计的
(2)intention
n.
意图，目的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yesterday
I
found
a
book
in
the
bookstore
by
chance
which
was
intended
for
bird
lovers.
②This
is
the
website
which
I
intend
to
add/adding
(add)to
my
favourites
to
help
me
learn
how
to
write
poems.
③He
left
England
with
the
intention(intend)of
travelling
in
Africa.
[小片段填空]
My
mother
intends
holding/to
hold
(hold)a
party
for
my
father's
birthday.But
she
is
busy
with
work，so
she
intends
me
to
prepare
(prepare)for
it.She
requests
that
all
the
activities
and
gifts
should
be
intended
for
my
father.We
both
need
to
keep
it
secret，because
my
father
has
no
intention
(intend)of
holding
a
birthday
party.
recognise
vt.认识，辨认出；承认；公认
(教材原句P24)recognise
differences
between
American
English
and
British
English
辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
[例] Lincoln
is
recognised
as
one
of
the
greatest
presidents
in
America.
林肯被公认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
[知识拓展]
(1)recognise
sb./sth.as/to
be
承认某人/某物是
recognise
sb./sth.(by/from
sth.)
认出；辨别出
recognise
that...
承认……
It
is
recognised
that...
人们公认……
(2)recognition
n.
认出；认识
beyond
recognition
无法辨认
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Animals
can
recognise
their
children
by/from
smell.
②He
is
recognised
as
one
of
the
best
basketball
players
in
China.
③The
film
star
wore
sunglasses.Therefore，he
could
go
shopping
without
being
recognised
(recognise).
base
vt.以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础
(教材原句P24)write
a
story
based
on
given
pictures
根据给定的图片写一个故事
[例] You
should
base
your
conclusion
on/upon
careful
research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on...
以……为……的基础
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础/依据
at
the
base
of
在……底部
(2)based
adj.
在……居住(或工作)；
基地(或总部)在……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
settled
down
at
the
base
of
the
mountain.
②The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
(base)on
the
survey，but
neither
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
③We
are
based
(base)in
Chicago.
[小片段填空]
Based
(base)on
all
these
facts，we
can
reach
the
following
conclusion：we
should
base(base)what
the
girl
said
on
these
photos，so
we
believe
that
these
photos
are
based
on
the
traffic
accident
scene.
be/become
aware
of
对……知道，明白；意识到，察觉到
(教材原句P24)be
aware
of
cultural
differences
意识到文化的差异
[例] In
conclusion，people
around
the
world
should
be
aware
of
the
real
situation
of
water
shortage.
总之，全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。
[知识拓展]
(1)be
aware
that...
知道/体会到……
as
far
as
I'm
aware
据我所知
(2)awareness
n.
意识；认识
develop
an
awareness
of...
培养……的意识
raise
awareness
提高认识
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It
is
important
that
the
students
develop
an
awareness
(aware)of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
②John
has
been
aware
of
having
done
something
wrong.
③We
are
aware
that
smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health.
Sentence
Patterns
not
only...but
(also)...不仅……而且……
(教材原句P20)Not
only
can
you
post
specific
questions，but
you
can
also
broaden
your
knowledge
by
reading
posts
from
other
English
learners
around
the
world.
你不仅能发帖问具体的问题，而且还能通过阅读世界各地学习者的帖子拓宽你的知识。
句式分析：not
only...but
(also)...连接两个并列分句，且not
only位于句首时，not
only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
[例1] Not
only
does
the
sun
give
us
light，but
also
it
gives
us
heat.
太阳不仅给我们提供光明，而且给我们提供热量。
[例2] Not
only
does
he
teach
at
school，but
he
writes
songs.
他不仅在学校教书，而且还写歌曲。
[知识拓展]
(1)not
only...but...不仅……，而且……，其中but后省略了also。
(2)not
only...but
(also)... 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not
only
Lucy
but
also
her
family
are
(be)fond
of
travelling
around
the
world.
②保护视力不仅是个人的事，更是值得公众关注的。
Protecting
our
eyesight
is
not
only
a
personal
concern
but
also
a
public
one．
here引起的倒装句
(教材原句P20)Here
are
some
of
our
favourites，to
remind
us
that
some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
rather
different
from
the
English
in
the
outside
world!
以下列出了我们最喜爱的几条，用以提醒大家，我们在课堂上学到的英语跟外部世界的英语不大相同！
句式分析：Here
are...为全部倒装结构。以here，there，in，out，up，down，away，back，now，then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。
[例1] Here
are
a
few
tips
to
help
you
make
your
first
impression.
这是帮你留下第一印象的一些提示。
[例2] The
door
opened
and
out
rushed
the
children.
门开了，孩子们冲了出来。
[知识拓展]
(1)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用全部倒装。
(2)有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需要全部倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①By
the
window
sat
(sit)a
young
man
with
a
magazine
in
his
hand.
②Here
are
(be)the
steps
of
the
experiment.
推理判断题
推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。
[例题剖析]
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·B·节选)
Returning
to
a
book
you've
read
many
times
can
feel
like
drinks
with
an
old
friend.There's
a
welcome
familiarity—but
also
sometimes
a
slight
suspicion
that
time
has
changed
you
both，and
thus
the
relationship.But
books
don't
change，people
do.And
that's
what
makes
the
act
of
rereading
so
rich
and
transformative.
The
beauty
of
rereading
lies
in
the
idea
that
our
bond
with
the
work
is
based
on
our
present
mental
register.It's
true，the
older
I
get，the
more
I
feel
time
has
wings.But
with
reading，it's
all
about
the
present.It's
about
the
now
and
what
one
contributes
to
the
now，because
reading
is
a
give
and
take
between
author
and
reader.Each
has
to
pull
their
own
weight.
24．Why
does
the
author
like
rereading?
A．It
evaluates
the
writer?reader
relationship.
B．It's
a
window
to
a
whole
new
world.
C．It's
a
substitute
for
drinking
with
a
friend.
D．It
extends
the
understanding
of
oneself.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But
books
don't
change，people
do.And
that's
what
makes
the
act
of
rereading
so
rich
and
transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处。)”和第二段“The
beauty
of
rereading
lies
in
the
idea
that
our
bond
with
the
work
is
based
on
our
present
mental
register.It's
true，the
older
I
get，the
more
I
feel
time
has
wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。]
[即学即练]
快速阅读，确定下列推理判断题的答案
Most
of
Houston
seems
to
be
returning
to
normal.Schools，restaurants，retail
stores
and
gas
stations
are
open.Smiles
are
back.But
harder?hit
places，including
Galveston，will
take
much
longer
to
recover.Hundreds
of
people
are
still
missing，and
coastal
towns
are
a
mess.Some
ruins
from
storm
have
drifted
south
to
other
beaches
in
Texas.Several
public
schools
in
Galveston
are
closed
because
of
water
damage.Parents
are
registering
kids
in
other
area
schools
which
are
scheduled
to
begin
class
on
November
13.Many
school
supplies
were
destroyed.
It
can
be
inferred
that
the
residents
in
Houston
______．
A.have
fully
recovered
from
the
disaster
B．were
the
most
unlucky
people
in
the
disaster
C．need
a
long
time
to
bring
their
life
back
to
normal
D．suffered
less
from
Hanna
than
people
in
Galveston
[答案] D
1Language is the only instrument of science，and words are but the signs of ideas.—Samuel Johnson
语言是科学的唯一工具，而词则是思想的符号。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
Language is the amber in which a thousand precious and subtle thoughts have been safely embedded and preserved.—Richard C．Trench
语言是孕育着千百种宝贵和微妙思想的琥珀。
——理查德C.特伦奇
Languages are to be learned only by reading and talking，and not by scraps of authors got by heart.—John Locke
语言只有通过读和说才能学会，决不是仅凭记住一些作家的只言片语。 ——约翰·洛克
On a dark night，an old mouse led a little mouse out to look for food.In the kitchen，there were many leftovers in the garbage can.While they were eating in the garbage can，suddenly came a voice that made them heartbreaking，“Meow...”It was a big cat's voice.They all ran for their lives.Finally，the little mouse couldn't escape and was caught by the cat.When the cat was about to eat the little mouse，suddenly came a series of dog barks，which frightened the cat to run for its life.After the cat left，the old mouse came out from behind the garbage can and said，“I told you before learning one more language is beneficial and harmless.”It seems to be a joke，but it has profound meaning.More skills，more roads.Continuous learning is the lifelong commitment of successful people.1．sculpt
v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture
n．雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品
2．oppose
v．反对→opposing
adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
3．behave
v．举止→behavior
n．举止，行为
4．confuse
v．使困惑→confusing
adj.令人困惑的→confused
adj.困惑的→confusion
n．困惑
5．alarm
n．警报器；闹钟→alarmed
adj.警觉的
6．reflect
v．显示，反映→reflection
n．显示，反映
7．create
v．创造→creative
adj.创造(性)的→creativity
n．创造性，创造力
8．visible
adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible
adj.看不见的
1．alarm
n.惊恐，惊慌，恐慌；警报；警报器；闹钟
①I
felt
a
growing
sense
of
alarm
when
he
did
not
return
that
night.
恐慌
②She
decided
to
sound
the
alarm.
警报
③A
car
alarm
went
off
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
警报器
④The
alarm
went
off
at
7
o'clock
闹钟
2．reflect
vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思
①Her
facial
expression
reflected
how
she
really
felt.
反映
②Our
newspaper
aims
to
reflect
the
views
of
the
local
community.
表达
③Before
I
decide，I
need
time
to
reflect.
沉思
Words
and
Phrases
have
trouble
(in)doing
sth.做某事有困难/麻烦
(教材原句P14)Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English?
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？
[例] Many
parents
frankly
admit
that
they
have
trouble
bringing
up
their
children.
许多家长坦诚，他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。
[知识拓展]
in
trouble
处于困境中
out
of
trouble
摆脱困境
get
into
trouble
陷入困境
get
sb.into/out
of
trouble
使某人陷入/摆脱困境
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不辞辛劳做某事；费神做某事
have
trouble
with
sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
never
have
trouble
in
sleeping
(sleep)in
a
strange
place.
②Whenever
we
have
trouble
with
our
studies，our
teachers
always
help
us
patiently.
③Thanks
for
the
trouble
you
have
taken
to
help
(help)us.
④What
worries
me
is
that
I
am
really
having
trouble
collecting
(collect)useful
information.
opposing
adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
(教材原句P15)If
“hard”
is
the
opposite
of
“soft”，why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
opposing
pair?
如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？
[例]
My
sister
and
I
have
opposing
views
on
raising
children.
我的姐姐和我在养育孩子方面持有相反的观点。
[知识拓展]
(1)opposite
adj.
相反的，迥然不同的；对面的
prep.
在……对面
adv.
在对面
n.
对立面，对立的人(或物)
be
opposite
to
与……相反，在……对面
just
the
opposite
正好相反
(2)oppose
v.
反对，抵制
oppose
(doing)sth.
反对(做)某事
be
opposed
to
sth.
反对某事
(3)opposition
n.
(强烈的)反对，反抗
[即学即练] 用oppose的适当形式填空
①The
couple
was
looking
forward
to
an
overseas
wedding
but
had
to
drop
the
idea
after
facing
opposition
from
parents.
②Not
everybody
agree
to
the
plan.Some
support
it，while
I
am
one
of
those
who
are
opposed
to
it.
③The
twins
have
opposing
attitudes
towards
life.Thus，one
is
living
happily，and
the
other
is
just
the
opposite．
[小片段填空]
We
should
look
at
the
two
opposing
sides
of
everything.If
you
are
for
the
bright
side
and
keep
to
it.But
the
opposite
side
is
not
always
useless
for
us.Just
the
opposite
we
may
get
some
inspiration.(oppose)
behavio(u)r
n.行为，举止；表现方式
(教材原句P15)If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions，why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
如果harmless
actions(无害的行为)是harmful
actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么
shameless
behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful
behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？
[例] His
behavior
in
school
is
beginning
to
improve.
他在学校的表现开始有所好转。
[知识拓展]
behave
v.
表现；表现得体，有礼貌
behave
well/badly
举止得当/不得当
behave
oneself
守规矩，行为检点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My
cousin
Jim
didn't
behave
himself
(he)at
the
party
and
thus
left
a
bad
impression
on
the
guests.
②The
boy
behaved
well
at
the
banquet(宴会)and
everyone
praised
his
proper
behavior．(behave)
③As
a
teacher，you
shouldn't
look
down
upon
those
students
who
behave
badly
(bad)in
school.What
you
should
do
is
help
and
love
them.
[小片段填空]
Everyone
here
behaves
very
politely
and
tourists
are
deeply
impressed
with
their
elegant
behavior．(behave)
confusing
adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的
(教材原句P15)Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
confusing.
即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。
[例] The
instructions
on
the
box
are
very
confusing.
盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。
[知识拓展]
(1)confuse
vt.
使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆
confuse
A
with/and
B
把A和B混淆
(2)confused
adj.
困惑的，糊涂的(常用来修
饰人或人的表情、声音等)
be
confused
about...
对……感到困惑
(3)confusion
n.
困惑；困窘；混乱局面
in
confusion
困惑地；困窘地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Be
careful
not
to
confuse
“abroad”with/and“aboard”．The
two
words
are
very
similar.
②He
looked
at
me
in
confusion
(confuse)and
did
not
answer
the
question.
③When
you
are
confused
about
some
words
in
reading，you
can
refer
to
the
dictionary.
[小片段填空]
They
confused
me
by
asking
so
many
confusing
questions.I
was
totally
confused，standing
there
in
confusion
and
not
knowing
what
to
do
next.(confuse)
(教材原句P15)You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off!
你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
(1)burn
up烧毁；烧尽
[例] Aerobic
exercise
gets
the
heart
pumping
and
helps
you
to
burn
up
the
fat.
有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
[知识拓展]
burn
down
烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
burn
sth.off
烧掉某物
burn
(sth.)out
烧坏；燃尽
burn...to
the
ground
把……彻底烧毁
[即学即练] 完成句子
①在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
A
number
of
houses
were
burnt
down
in
the
fire.
②快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。
Brisk
walking
burns
up
more
calories
than
slow
jogging.
③在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。
The
fire
had
burnt
out
before
the
fire
engines
arrived.
④在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。
At
least
nine
houses
were
burned
to
the
ground
in
the
big
fire
last
week.
(2)alarm
n.[U]惊恐，惊慌；[C]警报器，警报；闹钟vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
[例] Set
the
alarm
for
6
o'clock，or
you
will
be
late
for
the
flight
tomorrow.
把闹钟定在6
点钟，否则你明天会误了航班。
[知识拓展]
(1)in
alarm
惊慌地(常作方式状语)
raise/sound
the
alarm
发出警报
(2)alarming
adj.
使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的
(3)alarmed
adj.
担心，害怕
be/feel
alarmed
by/at
sth.
因某事而担心/害怕
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
rainforests
are
disappearing
at
an
alarming(alarm)rate，which
should
arouse
the
government's
attention.
②Hearing
a
loud
noise
outside
his
door，he
jumped
up
in
alarm.
③American
people
were
alarmed
at/by
a
series
of
campus
fires
in
recent
years.In
each
of
these
accidents，many
deaths
were
reported.
[小片段填空]
All
the
students
were
awoken
by
the
fire
alarm(alarm)raised
by
the
gatekeeper.They
jumped
down
the
beds
in
alarm.Some
of
them
even
felt
alarmed
(alarm)by
the
fire
in
front
of
them
and
cried.
reflect
vt.显示，表明；反射；反映，映出(影像)；沉思，认真思考
(教材原句P15)English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.
英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
[例]
The
literature
of
a
period
reflects
its
values.
某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观。
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect
sb./sth.in
sth.
在……里映出……
reflect
on/upon...
认真思考……
(2)reflection
n.
反射，反映；映像；沉思
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His
face
was
reflected
(reflect)in
the
big
mirror
when
he
passed
by.
②Your
clothes
are
often
a
reflection
(reflect)of
your
personality.
③The
little
boy
could
see
his
fingers
reflected
(reflect)on
the
wall.
[小片段填空]
I
think
you
should
stop
for
a
moment
and
reflect
on/upon
your
success
and
failure.What
one
culture
considers
a
confusing
or
awkward
pause
may
be
seen
by
others
as
a
valuable
moment
of
reflection
(reflect)and
a
sign
of
respect
for
what
the
last
speaker
has
said.
wind
up
给(机械)上发条；摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束
(教材原句P15)And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind
up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind
up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
[例] After
he
got
into
the
car，he
started
winding
the
window
up.
上了车以后，他开始摇上车窗。
[知识拓展]
wind
one's
way
蜿蜒前进
wind
down
放松一下
wind
up
doing
最终做；最终落得
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
find
it
difficult
to
wind
down
after
a
day
at
work.
②I
wound
up
doing
(do)the
job
just
to
keep
my
customers
happy.
③The
Great
Wall
winds
its
(it)way
from
west
to
east，through
valleys，over
mountains，across
deserts
until
at
last
it
reaches
the
sea.
Sentence
Patterns
neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材原句P14)Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
句式分析：neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个并列的句子成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
[例1] Neither
dad
nor
mum
is
at
home
today.
今天父母都不在家。
[例2] Neither
has
he
done
it，nor
will
he
do
it.
他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。
[知识拓展]
(1)可以单独使用
neither
作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(2)neither
或
nor表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用
neither
或
nor
的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Neither
was
my
wife
nor
my
parents
able
to
persuade
my
daughter
to
change
her
mind.
②They
didn't
go
to
the
park
yesterday.Neither/Nor
did
we.
③Qingdao
and
Shanghai
are
all
beautiful
cities
but
I
have
been
to
neither
before.
get
sb.doing
使某人一直做或者处于某状态
(教材原句P14)This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。
句式分析：get
sb./sth.doing
使某人一直做或者处于某状态，宾语与宾补之间为主谓关系，且宾补动作一直在进行。
[例1] He
tried
to
get
the
machine
running.
他尽力让机器转着。
[例2] Who
can
get
the
water
running?
谁能让水流着？
[知识拓展]
(1)get
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
(2)get
sth.done
使某事被做
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
managed
to
get
the
car
moving
(move).
②If
you
can
get
them
to
talk(talk)，your
problem
is
solved.
③I
got
that
broken
window
replaced
(replace)at
last.
That/This
is
why...那/这就是……的原因。
(教材原句P15)That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。
句式分析：That/This
is
why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
[例1] That's
why
more
and
more
foreigners
are
interested
in
learning
Chinese.
那就是越来越多的外国人对学汉语感兴趣的原因。
[例2] That's
why
I
insist
the
trip
along
the
Yangtze
River
will
be
a
better
choice.
那就是我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。
[知识拓展]
(1)This/That/It
is
because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(2)The
reason
why...is/was
that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①He's
more
of
a
talker
than
a
doer.This
is
why
he
never
finishes
anything.
②From
space，the
earth
looks
blue.This
is
because
about
seventy?one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.
③Tom
came
late
for
the
meeting
because
he
was
ill.
→
Tom
was
ill.That
was
why
he
came
late
for
the
meeting.
→Tom
came
late
for
the
meeting.That
was
because
he
was
ill.
→The
reason
why
Tom
came
late
for
the
meeting
was
that
he
was
ill.
[小片段填空]
Fish
prefer
shallow
water
to
deep
water.That
is
why
we
see
the
fish
swimming
in
the
water.And
that
is
because
the
former
is
warmer.
教材
高考
1.Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English？
(2018
·天津卷)If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be，you'll
have
no
trouble
answering
these
questions.
2.Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without
motivation，you
can
neither
set
a
goal
nor
reach
it.
3....and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off！
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Set
your
alarm
clock
an
hour
early
and
push
yourself
to
work
out！
4.English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But
that
changed
when
a
system
of
high?tech
mirrors
was
introduced
to
reflect
sunlight
from
neighboring
peaks
(山峰)into
the
valley
below.
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As
the
small
boat
moved
gently
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
5.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
(2018·浙江卷)This
is
why
there
is
a
saying
that
if
you
want
something
done，ask
a
busy
person
to
do
it.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
is
satisfied
with
the
children's
good
behavior
(behave).
2．His
writing
is
so
confusing
(confuse)that
it
is
difficult
to
make
out
what
it
is
he
wants
to
express.
3．He
admired
his
reflection(reflect)in
the
mirror.
4．It
is
time
for
opposing(oppose)factions
to
unite
and
work
towards
a
common
goal.
5．As
teachers，we
should
encourage
students
to
use
their
creativity
(create)to
express
themselves.
6．The
mountains
are
invisible
(visible)because
of
the
clouds.
7．Her
sculpture
(sculpt)will
be
on
show
at
the
museum
until
the
end
of
this
month.
8．Alarmed
(alarm)by
the
noise，the
birds
flew
away.
9．I've
got
a
cold；that
is
why
I
wouldn't
like
to
have
a
meal.
10．My
duty
was
to
get
the
four
of
us
studying
(study)the
subject.
Ⅱ.短语填空
look
out
of，what
about，speaking
of，go
off，for
example，burn
up，have
trouble
in，fill
in，wind
up，in
one's
free
time
1．Do
you
know
how
much
energy
you
will
burn
up
during
the
relay
race?
2．Look
out
of
the
window！It's
snowing.
3．If
we
all
agree，let's
wind
up
the
discussion.
4.
Speaking
of
bicycle，some
people
think
it
has
outdated
in
many
big
cities.
5．Please
fill
in
this
form，giving
your
name，age
and
address.
6．We
often
have
trouble
in
using
neutral
pens
because
of
its
limited
ink
and
other
inconvenience.
7．Prices
have
risen
sharply.The
price
of
vegetables，for
example，has
risen
by
over
10%.
8．The
gun
went
off
and
the
bullet
went
flying
over
his
head.
9．I
play
tennis
in
my
free
time．What
about
you?
10．What
about
going
out
for
a
walk
after
supper?
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Have
you
ever
asked
1.yourself
(you)why
people
often
have
trouble
2.learning
(learn)English?
I
hadn't，until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
3.whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger.This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
4.to
learn
(learn).
Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
5.confusing
(confuse).You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
6.which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
7.heard
(hear)once
it
goes
off!
English
8.was
invented
(invent)by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
9.lights
(light)are
out，they
are
invisible.And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，10.but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
2速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．We
travel
in
the
train
or
on
the
bus.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．We
can't
say
we
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
meaning
of
homework
and
housework
is
the
same.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．When
we
see
sunshine，we
can
say
“it's
sunshining”．
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．You
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABBA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．but
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home
B．If
“hard”
is
the
opposite
of
“soft”
C．And
speaking
of
home
D．but
on
the
train
or
bus
E．If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions
F．but
we
take
a
photo
1．For
example，in
our
free
time
we
can
sculpt
a
sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，________．
2．And
when
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi，________！
3．While
we're
doing
all
this
traveling，we
can
get
seasick
at
sea，airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，________．
4．________，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing?
5．________，why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
opposing
pair?
6．________，why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
[答案] 1－6 FDACBE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Neither
Pine
nor
Apple
in
Pineapple
The
difficulties
people
have
in
learning
English
·One
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
1.ham
in
a
hamburger.·This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
2.crazy
language
to
learn.
Some
examples
about
confusion
·We
can
sculpt
a
sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，but
we
3.take
a
photo.·We
can
get
seasick
at
sea，airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，but
we
don't
get
4.homesick
when
we
get
back
home.·And
speaking
of
home，why
aren't
5.homework
and
housework
the
same
thing？
·Why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
6.opposing
pair?·Why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
7.the
same?
When
we
see
sunshine，we
can't
say
“it's
8.sunshining”．
·When
you
see
the
capitalized
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report，do
you
read
it
9.as
the
“who”
in
“Who's
that？”·What
about
“IT”
and
10.
“US”
？
·A
house
can
burn
up
as
it
11.burns
down．·You
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
12.out．·An
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
13.goes
off．
The
fact
that
English
is
created
English
was
invented
by
people
and
it
reflects
the
14.creativity
of
the
human
race.·That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
15.visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
16.invisible．·And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
17.starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
18.ends．
细读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．Give
some
examples
to
discuss
the
topic.
2．Paras.2～6
B．Conclude
the
topic
of
the
text.
3．Para.7
C．Lead
to
the
topic
of
the
text.
[答案] 1－3 CAB
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What's
the
purpose
of
the
question
in
Paragraph
one?
A．To
ask
the
reader
for
an
answer.
B．To
introduce
the
topic.
C．To
amuse
himself.
D．To
do
a
survey.
2．We
get
homesick
when
we
________．
A．leave
home
for
another
place
B．get
home
C．are
away
from
home
for
a
long
time
D．do
our
homework
3．Which
of
the
following
is
WRONG?
A．We
can
travel
in
the
car
or
on
the
bus.
B．We
may
get
airsick
in
the
air.
C．Shameless
and
shameful
are
opposite.
D．There
isn't
ham
in
a
hamburger.
4．We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
________．
A．English
reflects
the
creativity
of
people
B．English
was
invented
by
computers
C．English
is
dull
D．English
is
spoken
by
many
countries
5．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A．The
history
of
English.
B．The
development
of
modern
English.
C．English
can
be
a
hard
language
to
learn.
D．Learning
English
is
very
easy.
[答案] 1－5 BCCAC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(一)——写出下列黑体词的同义词
1．And
speaking
of
home，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing？
mentioning
2．You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off！
makes
a
sudden
loud
noise
3．That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible...
can
be
seen
2课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I'm
a
strong
believer
that
learning
different
languages
makes
you
look
incredibly
good
when
you're
in
a
foreign
country
and
can
understand
and
speak
the
language.The
list
below
is
4
apps
that
will
help
you
learn
a
foreign
language！You
can
download
them
for
free.
Babbel—Learn
Languages
Babbel
is
an
excellent
language
tool
to
help
you
progress
step
by
step
when
you
learn
a
new
language.It
helps
you
learn
grammar
along
the
way
as
you
work
your
way
through
the
tasks
and
assignments.You
need
to
pay
a
monthly
subscription
(订阅费)，but
this
will
still
be
cheaper
than
taking
physical
lessons
with
a
tutor!
Duolingo—Learn
Languages
Free
The
app
has
many
languages
to
choose
from
and
will
work
through
the
basics
all
the
way
to
advanced
words
and
sentences.It's
all
completely
free
too！It's
incredibly
well
designed，looks
great
and
will
help
you
learn，remember
and
progress
with
just
a
little
bit
of
time
every
day.
Tandem—Language
Exchange
Rather
than
have
you
work
through
tasks
and
memorize
different
things，the
app
lets
you
match
people
who
share
your
interests
but
speak
the
language
you
want
to
learn.You
can
then
have
text，voice
and
video
conversations
with
people
who
want
to
learn
your
native
language，and
in
return
you
learn
theirs，all
by
simply
communicating
with
each
other.It's
a
great
way
to
learn
with
only
$1
a
day.
Busuu—Learn
English
This
app
is
perfect
if
you
want
to
learn
English.There
are
all
sorts
of
audio
and
visual
learning
aids.You'll
find
yourself
working
through
interactive
tests
and
learning
tools
for
vocabulary
and
dialogue.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章向人们推荐了4个语言学习的应用程序。
1．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A．Sell
apps
to
language
learners.
B．Introduce
language
learning
apps.
C．Teach
language
learners
to
use
apps.
D．Teach
languages
through
apps.
B [推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The
list
below
is
4
apps
that
will
help
you
learn
a
foreign
language！You
can
download
them
for
free.”可知，文章的目的是向人们介绍语言学习的应用程序。]
2．Which
app
suits
you
best
if
you
want
to
learn
through
communication?
A．Babbel—Learn
Languages.
B．Tandem—Language
Exchange.
C．Duolingo—Learn
Languages
Free.
D．Busuu—Learn
English.
B [细节理解题。根据Tandem—Language
Exchange中的第二句“You
can
then
have
text，voice
and
video
conversations
with
people
who
want
to
learn
your
native
language，and
in
return
you
learn
theirs，all
by
simply
communicating
with
each
other.”可知，如果你想通过交流来学习，Tandem最合适。]
3．How
is
Duolingo
different
from
the
other
three
apps?
A．It
is
completely
free
to
use.
B．It
is
specially
for
English
learning.
C．It
is
unsuitable
for
beginners.
D．It
is
the
most
effective
app.
A [细节理解题。根据Duolingo—Learn
Languages
Free中的“The
app
has
many
languages
to
choose
from
and
will
work
through
the
basics
all
the
way
to
advanced
words
and
sentences.It's
all
completely
free
too！”可知，Duolingo与其他三个应用程序相比，是完全免费的。]
4．What
do
the
apps
have
in
common?
A．They
cover
all
languages.
B．They
focus
on
grammar.
C．They
contain
many
tests.
D．They
are
free
to
download.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“You
can
download
them
for
free.”可知，这些应用程序的共同点是可免费下载，因此选D项。]
B
No
one
is
sure
where
and
when
the
expression
“apple?pie
order”
began.It's
said
that
the
housewives
of
New
England
liked
to
cut
their
apples
in
pieces.Then
they
filled
pie
pans
with
them
in
an
organised
way，row
upon
row.As
one
writer
said，the
women
of
New
England
loved
to
have
everything
in
its
place.This
perhaps
explains
why
it
is
generally
believed
that
“apple?pie
order”
began
in
New
England.
Another
old
expression，“apple
of
discord”，comes
from
an
ancient
myth
(神话)，however.The
myth
says
that
all
the
gods
and
goddesses
were
sitting
around
the
table
to
celebrate
the
marriage
of
Thetis
and
Peleus.One
of
the
goddesses—Eris
was
a
troublemaker.She
threw
a
golden
apple
on
the
table
to
be
given
as
a
prize
to
the
most
beautiful
goddess.It
was
not
an
easy
decision
to
make.How
could
they
choose
among
Hera，Athena
and
Aphrodite?
Paris
was
given
the
task
of
deciding.He
decided
to
give
the
golden
apple
to
Aphrodite.Hera
and
Athena
were
very
angry
and
threatened
him.This，the
myth
says，began
the
long
Trojan
War.
At
one
time，the
tomato
was
called
a
love
apple.That
was
a
mistake.In
the
sixteenth
century，the
Spanish
brought
the
tomato
from
South
America.The
Spanish
then
sold
the
tomato
to
Morocco.Italian
traders
carried
it
on
to
Italy.The
Italian
name
for
the
tomato
was
“pomo
di
Moro”—apple
of
the
Moors.When
French
growers
brought
it
in
from
Italy，they
thought
“di
Moro”
meant
“d'amour”—the
French
word
for
love.And
so
“pomo
di
Moro”
became
the
apple
of
love.
People
believe
many
things
about
the
apple.One
belief
is
that
it
has
great
power
of
keeping
people
healthy.A
very
common
expression
is
“An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.”
Another
belief
is
based
on
facts.The
expression
is
“One
rotten
apple
spoils
the
barrel.”
When
an
apple
begins
to
go
bad，it
ruins
all
the
other
apples
around
it
in
the
box.The
expression
has
come
to
mean
that
one
bad
person
in
a
group
can
cause
everyone
to
act
badly.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个关于“apple”的表达及其相关的背景。
5．What
do
we
know
about
the
phrase
“apple?pie
order”？
A．It
began
in
New
England.
B．Nobody's
sure
where
and
when
it
began.
C．Everyone
is
sure
where
it
began.
D．It
has
been
put
into
use
recently.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“No
one
is
sure
where
and
when
the
expression
‘apple?pie
order’began.”可知，没有人知道“apple?pie
order”这个短语起源于何时何地，故选B项。]
6．What's
the
meaning
of
“apple
of
discord”？
A．Cause
of
disagreement.
B．Situation
of
danger.
C．Everything
in
agreement.
D．Everything
in
good
order.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，不和女神厄里斯把一个金苹果扔到桌子上，作为对最美女神的奖励，帕里斯最后将苹果给了阿佛洛狄忒，另外两位女神非常生气；此事引发了特洛伊战争。由此可推知，“apple
of
discord”的意思是“引起争端的原因；不和的种子”。故选A项。]
7．What's
the
purpose
of
the
third
paragraph?
A．To
show
us
a
mistaken
idea.
B．To
tell
us
a
love
story
about
apple.
C．To
explain
how
the
tomato
was
called
the
apple
of
love.
D．To
show
how
the
tomato
was
brought
in
from
South
America.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“At
one
time，the
tomato
was
called
a
love
apple.That
was
a
mistake.”可知，第三段主要是解释为什么西红柿一度被称为“a
love
apple”。故选C项。]
8．Which
of
the
following
expressions
is
about
health?
A．Apple
of
discord.
B．Apple?pie
order.
C．One
rotten
apple
spoils
the
barrel.
D．An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One
belief
is
that
it
has
great
power
of
keeping
people
healthy.A
very
common
expression
is
‘An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.’”可知，“An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.”这个表达是和健康有关的。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After
21
years
of
marriage,
my
wife
wanted
me
to
take
another
woman
out
for
dinner
and
a
movie.
It's
hard
to
imagine
that
the
other
woman
was
my
mother，who
has
been
a
widow
for
19
years,
but
I
was
too
busy
to
visit
her
often.
That
night
I
called
to
invite
her
to
go
out
for
dinner
and
a
movie.
“What's
wrong?
Are
you
well？”
she
asked.
My
mother
is
the
type
of
woman
who
suspects
that
a
late
night
call
or
a
surprising
invitation
is
a
sign
of
bad
news.
“I
thought
that
it
would
be
pleasant
to
spend
some
time
with
you，”
I
responded.
“Just
the
two
of
us.
”
That
Friday
after
work,
as
I
drove
over
to
pick
her
up,
I
was
a
bit
nervous.
When
I
arrived
at
her
house,
I
noticed
that
she,
too,
seemed
to
be
nervous
about
our
date.
She
waited
in
the
door
with
her
coat
on.
She
had
curled
her
hair
and
was
wearing
the
dress
that
she
had
worn
to
celebrate
her
last
wedding
anniversary.
She
smiled
from
a
face
that
was
as
beautiful
as
an
angel's.
“I
told
my
friends
that
I
was
going
to
go
out
with
my
son,
and
they
were
impressed，”
she
said,
as
she
got
into
the
car.
“They
can't
wait
to
hear
about
our
meeting.
”
We
went
to
a
restaurant
that,
although
not
elegant,
was
very
nice
and
cozy.
My
mother
took
my
arm
as
if
she
was
the
First
Lady.
After
we
sat
down,
I
had
to
read
the
menu.
Her
eyes
could
only
read
large
print.
Halfway
through
the
entries,
I
lifted
my
eyes
and
saw
Mom
sitting
there
staring
at
me
with
a
smile
on
her
lips.
“It
was
I
who
used
to
have
to
read
the
menu
when
you
were
small，”
she
said.
“Then
it's
time
you
relax
and
let
me
return
the
favor，”
I
responded.
During
the
dinner,
we
had
an
agreeable
conversation
—
nothing
extraordinary
but
catching
up
on
recent
events
of
each
other's
life.
We
talked
so
much
that
we
missed
the
movie.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
As
we
arrived
at
her
house
later,
she
said,
“I'll
go
out
with
you
again,
but
only
if
you
let
me
invite
you.
”I
agreed._________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
At
that
moment
I
understood
the
importance
of
saying,
“I
LOVE
YOU.
”
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
As
we
arrived
at
her
house
later,
she
said,
“I'll
go
out
with
you
again,
but
only
if
you
let
me
invite
you.
”I
agreed.When
I
got
home,
my
wife
had
prepared
a
rich
dinner
for
me.
I
sat
down
and
talked
with
her
about
my
feeling
together
with
my
mother.
My
wife
was
proud
for
what
she
did
for
me.
She
said
when
she
was
young,
she
was
very
naughty,
and
her
mother
often
punished
her
for
her
wrong
deeds.
Later
when
she
grew
up
she
became
aware
of
her
mother's
heart.
But
her
mother
died
of
lung
cancer
and
she
never
had
time
to
thank
her.So
she
decided
to
invite
my
mother
for
me
to
eat
out.
I
kissed
her
with
my
eyes
full
of
tears.
At
that
moment
I
understood
the
importance
of
saying,
“I
LOVE
YOU.
”I
thanked
my
wife
and
that
dinner
date
was
another
time
for
me
to
remember.
You
could
hardly
imagine
how
happy
I
was
to
have
the
chance
to
say
these
words
and
return
the
favor
in
time.
Nothing
in
the
world
was
more
important
than
this.
1写一篇关于误解的故事
本单元的写作项目是讲述一件有关误解的趣事。该类作文以叙述为主，突出趣事的发生、发展和结果。
[基本框架]
1．开头——交代发生误解的时间、地点、人物等。
2．主体——叙述趣事引发误会、困惑和惊讶的具体细节过程。
3．结尾——如何消除误解并且有了快乐的结局，或者更深层的理解。
[常用词块]
1．make
up
my
mind
to
take
a
bite下决心咬一口尝尝
2．keep
silent
when
asked被问到的时候保持沉默
3．break
the
ice
between
us打破我们之间的沉默
4．rise
to
his
feet
without
hesitation毫不犹豫地站起身来
5．play
a
joke
on
his
classmates
on
purpose
故意地捉弄他的同学们
6．can't
help
crying禁不住哭了起来
7．burst
out
laughing
突然大笑起来
8．because
of
the
misunderstanding
of
different
cultures
由于文化不同的误解
9．result
in
the
unhappy
ending
of
the
meeting导致相遇不愉快的结局
10．end
up
with
our
happy
laughter最终以我们开心的笑容结束
[常用语句]
精彩开头
1．There
was
an
interesting
experience/story
happening
in
2020，which
I
still
remember
now.
2020年发生了一件有趣的经历/故事，现在我仍然记得。
2．If
my
memory
serves
me
well，it
happens
on....
如果我记得没错的话，应该是发生在……
3．Up
to
now，I
still
remember
one
interesting/terrible/embarrassing
thing
which
happened
years
ago.
直到现在，我仍然记得多年前发生的一件有趣/糟糕/尴尬的事。
丰满主体
1．To
begin
with，he
told
us
that
it
was
important
to
learn
about
the
background
of
some
words.
首先，他告诉我们了解一些单词的背景很重要。
2．Seeing
us
puzzled，he
gave
us
further
explanation
about
that
idiom.
看到我们大惑不解，他就对那个习语作了进一步的解释。
3．When
we
realised
that
we
had
misunderstood
his
meaning，we
couldn't
help
laughing.
当我们意识到误解了他的意思时，我们禁不住笑了起来。
余味结尾
1．It
turns
out
that...
结果是……
2．Since
then
I
have
worked
hard
at
my
lessons.
从那以后，我努力学习功课。
3．I
am
determined
to
read
more
material
about....
我决心读更多关于……的资料。
根据提示情节，用英语编写一个故事。
Yesterday，we
went
to
Fred's
birthday
party.After
all
the
dishes
were
served，he
told
us
that
he
had
bigger
fish
to
fry.
Note：Having
bigger
fish
to
fry
in
English
means
Having
something
more
important
to
do.
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[学生习作]
On
yesterday，it
was
my
classmate
and
friend
Fred's
birthday.Fred
invited
me
to
have
dinner
at
his
home
and
there
are
some
other
classmates.
When
we
arrived，he
had
prepared
all
the
food
for
us.We
expressed
our
best
wishes
to
him.And
then
we
presented
him
with
our
small
gifts.Then
we
sat
around
the
table，and
enjoyed
the
delicious
food.A
few
minutes
later，Fred
told
us
that
he
had
bigger
fish
to
fry
and
asked
us
to
wait
a
moment.We
all
expected
him
to
bring
us
some
fish
when
he
returned.However，he
came
back
with
nothing
soon.I
asked
where
the
fish
was.He
felt
very
puzzled.Suddenly，he
realised
that
I
misunderstood
him，so
he
explained
to
us
that
having
bigger
fish
to
fry
means
having
more
important
to
do
in
English.We
all
laughed
and
continued
our
dinner.
名师点评：
1．字数不符合标准，超出规定词数；
2．内容过于详实，像记流水账；
3．个别句子存在语法错误。
[升格作文]
Yesterday
was
my
classmate
and
friend
Fred's
birthday
and
I
was
invited
to
have
dinner
at
his
home
with
some
other
classmates.
When
we
arrived，we
expressed
our
best
wishes
and
presented
small
gifts.We
were
enjoying
the
delicious
food
when
Fred
stood
up
and
told
us
that
he
had
bigger
fish
to
fry.We
all
expected
he
would
bring
us
some
fish
but
he
came
back
with
nothing.I
asked
where
the
fish
was，which
made
him
very
puzzled.Suddenly，he
realised
that
I
misunderstood
him，so
he
explained
having
bigger
fish
to
fry
means
having
(something)more
important
to
do.We
all
laughed
and
continued
our
dinner.
根据提示情节，用英语编写一个故事。
Last
Sunday，Johnson
came
to
my
home
to
talk
about
the
language
learning.Suddenly
he
jumped
with
joy
and
shouted
“It
is
raining
cats
and
dogs
outside.”
Note：It's
raining
cats
and
dogs
in
English
means
It
is
raining
heavily.
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Johnson
is
an
exchange
student.I
am
appointed
to
help
him
with
Chinese.And
we
become
very
good
friends.He
teaches
me
a
lot
about
English
idioms.
Last
Sunday，Johnson
came
to
my
home
to
watch
the
movie
Mu
Lan.Suddenly
he
jumped
with
joy
and
shouted，“It
is
raining
cats
and
dogs
outside.”I
looked
out
of
the
window
and
found
no
animals
but
raindrops.I
felt
puzzled
and
asked
him
where
the
animals
were.Hearing
my
words，he
couldn't
help
laughing.He
then
explained
to
me
that
It
was
raining
cats
and
dogs
means
It
was
raining
heavily.
Both
of
us
laughed
until
we
cry
and
then
I
learned
more
about
English
idioms.
2课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据所给汉语意思或首字母提示写出下列单词。
1．It
is
said
that
his
sculpture
of
a
horse
won
the
first
prize.
2．People
know
you
not
by
your
title(头衔)，but
by
your
courage!
3．As
we
all
know，everyone's
fingerprints
are
unique．
4．He
returned
to
the
airport
to
find
his
car
alarm(警报器)going
off.
5．People
who
lead
busy
lives
have
no
time
to
stop
and
reflect．
6．I
feel
very
hungry.Please
give
me
a
slice
of
ham(火腿).
7．The
water
is
clear
and
plenty
of
fish
are
visible．
8．I
regard
creativity(创造力)both
as
a
gift
and
as
a
skill.
9．The
girl
became
homesick
after
a
week's
stay
at
her
aunt's，so
she
decided
to
go
home.
10．Knowing
these
causes
can
make
us
examine
our
behavior(行为)，and
correct
bad
habits.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2020·江苏扬州邗江中学高一月考)When
I
was
16
years
old，I
made
my
first
visit
to
the
United
States.It
wasn't
the
first
time
I
had
been
abroad.Like
most
English
children，I
learned
French
at
school
and
I
had
often
been
to
France，so
I
was
used
to
speaking
a
foreign
language
to
people
who
didn't
understand
English.But
when
I
went
to
America
I
was
really
looking
forward
to
having
a
nice
easy
holiday
without
any
language
problems.
How
wrong
I
was！The
misunderstanding
began
at
the
airport.I
was
looking
for
a
public
telephone
to
give
my
friend
Danny
a
ring
and
tell
her
that
I
had
arrived.A
friendly
old
man
saw
me
looking
like
being
lost
and
asked
if
he
could
help
me.
“Yes，”
I
said.“I
want
to
give
my
friend
a
ring.”
“Well，that's
nice，”
he
said.“Are
you
getting
married?
But
aren't
you
a
bit
young？”
“Who
is
talking
about
marriage？”
I
replied.“I
just
want
to
give
my
friend
a
ring
to
tell
her
I've
arrived.Can
you
tell
me
where
there's
a
phone
box？”
“Oh！”
he
said.“There's
a
phone
downstairs.”
When
at
last
we
did
meet
up，Danny
explained
the
misunderstanding
to
me.
“Don't
worry，”
she
said
to
me.“I
had
many
difficulties
at
first.There
are
lots
of
words
which
the
Americans
use
differently
in
meaning
from
us
British.You'll
soon
get
used
to
all
the
funny
things
they
say.But
most
of
the
time
British
and
American
people
can
understand
each
other！”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次到美国时因为英式英语和美式英语的不同而导致了语言误解。
1．Where
was
the
writer
from?
A．He
was
from
America.
B．He
was
from
France.
C．He
was
from
England.
D．He
was
from
China.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Like
most
English
children，I
learned
French
at
school
and
I
had
often
been
to
France...”可知，作者来自英国。]
2．The
writer
thought
________
in
America.
A．he
wouldn't
have
any
language
difficulties
B．he
would
not
understand
the
Americans
C．the
Americans
might
not
understand
him
D．he
would
have
difficulties
at
the
airport
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中“But
when
I
went
to
America
I
was
really
looking
forward
to
having
a
nice
easy
holiday
without
any
language
problems.”可知，作者原以为在美国不会遇到语言麻烦。]
3．What
did
the
writer
want
to
do
in
the
passage?
A．He
wanted
to
buy
a
ring
for
his
friend.
B．He
wanted
to
make
a
call
to
his
friend.
C．He
wanted
to
go
to
the
telephone
company.
D．He
wanted
his
friend
to
see
him
off.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“I
was
looking
for
a
public
telephone
to
give
my
friend
Danny
a
ring
and
tell
her
that
I
had
arrived.”可知，作者是想给朋友打电话。]
4．What
does
“give
somebody
a
ring”
mean
in
America?
A．It
means
the
same
in
America
as
in
England.
B．It
means
“call
somebody”．
C．It
means
“be
going
to
get
married”．
D．It
has
different
meanings
in
America
and
in
England.
D [推理判断题。根据文中那位美国老人和作者的对话可知，在美国give
somebody
a
ring意思是“给某人一个戒指”。]
B
When
I
was
young，I
wished
for
a
good
car
and
a
big
house.That
was
my
idea
of
success.I
took
all
the
advanced
classes
and
tried
to
do
well
in
the
exams
with
my
mind
focused
on
going
to
a
key
school.I
just
knew
that
I
would
somehow
become
famous
and
be
able
to
afford
the
car
and
the
dream
house.All
the
way
through
junior
years，my
mind
was
planning
this
beautiful
future.
Then
in
the
eleventh
grade，many
losses
changed
my
mind.First，one
of
my
friends
died
at
16.Soon
after，my
great?grandmother
passed
away，followed
by
my
beloved
fourth?grade
teacher.These
events
left
me
not
knowing
what
to
do
or
where
to
go.Death
had
never
touched
me
so
closely.
After
a
long
period
of
emptiness，it
finally
struck
me：life
is
not
promised
and
neither
is
future
success.Though
I
was
attempting
to
achieve
material
success，I
was
not
enjoying
my
daily
life.I
realized
that
finding
inner
peace，purpose
and
happiness
will
stick
with
me
forever
and
that
is
real
success.
Enjoying
life's
precious
quirks(偶发事件)makes
an
ordinary
person
more
successful
than
a
wealthy
person
who
isn't
content
and
takes
everything
for
granted.The
summer
before
senior
years，my
attitude
changed
greatly.Instead
of
memorizing
facts，I
began
learning
skills.Instead
of
focusing
on
the
future，I
focused
on
today
and
the
many
blessings
and
successes
that
came
with
it.
I
still
get
excellent
grades，but
now
I
devote
weeks
to
studying
instead
of
struggling
for
exams，and
I
think
about
the
future
with
a
deeper
sense
of
meaning.For
me，being
successful
means
truly
living
life
each
day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中叙述了自己对于“成功”一词的理解发生改变的过程。
5．The
reason
why
the
author
changed
his
idea
of
success
is
that
________．
A．he
can't
afford
his
house
B．his
beloved
teacher
died
C．he
didn't
know
what
to
do
or
where
to
go
D．he
lost
a
few
beloved
persons
in
a
short
time
D [细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Then
in
the
eleventh
grade，many
losses
changed
my
mind.First，one
of
my
friends
died
at
16.Soon
after，my
great?grandmother
passed
away，followed
by
my
beloved
fourth?grade
teacher.”可知，是作者的朋友、曾祖母及四年级老师这几位自己深爱的人的相继去世使作者改变了想法。故选D项。]
6．According
to
the
author
which
of
the
following
is
the
real
success
for
a
person?
A．Being
famous.
B．Truly
living
life
each
day.
C．Good
car
and
big
house.
D．Material
achievements.
B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“For
me，being
successful
means
truly
living
life
each
day.”可知，在作者看来，成功意味着过好生活中的每一天。故选B项。]
7．What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
the
readers?
A．The
true
meaning
of
life.
B．The
true
meaning
of
studying.
C．How
to
achieve
success.
D．His
opinion
about
success.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When
I
was
young，I
wished
for
a
good
car
and
a
big
house.That
was
my
idea
of
success.”和第二段中的“Then
in
the
eleventh
grade，many
losses
changed
my
mind.”以及最后一段中的“For
me，being
successful
means
truly
living
life
each
day.”可知，作者在文中希望告诉读者自己对于“成功”一词的理解。故选D项。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
How
to
prepare
for
an
exam
is
a
big
question
that
you
always
ask
yourself.Here
are
some
tips
that
may
help
you.
Never
fear
or
hate
exams
and
be
confident.
Some
students
study
well
but
still
may
be
much
afraid
of
exams
and
due
to
this
reason
they
get
upset
and
won't
be
able
to
get
marks.__1__
You
have
to
be
confident
and
it
is
of
great
help
for
you
to
gain
success.
Prepare
a
good
timetable.
Prepare
a
timetable
before
starting
the
study.__2__
Difficult
subjects
can
be
given
more
time
and
easier
ones
less，but
most
importantly
you
should
spare
some
time
for
rest.
Select
a
proper
atmosphere
for
studying.
A
studying
atmosphere
plays
a
very
important
role.__3__
So
pick
a
place
where
you
feel
comfortable.That
is
where
you
feel
relaxed
and
can
pay
attention
to
what
you
are
doing.Make
sure
that
while
you
are
studying
a
subject
you
are
focusing
on
it
only.So
keep
the
books
of
other
subjects
away
from
your
eyesight
so
that
you
won't
be
upset
about
all
the
things
you
have
to
learn.
Make
notes
while
studying.
This
is
a
very
important
point.While
studying，make
small
notes.The
note
should
be
short
and
clear
to
make
the
review
easier.__4__
Yet
don't
try
to
cover
everything
in
it.
__5__
On
the
night
before
exams
you
have
to
sleep
well，at
least
6
hours
and
not
more
than
8
hours.Remember
this
will
have
a
great
effect
on
your
exam.And
have
your
food
on
time.
A．So
try
to
present
answers
in
points.
B．Sleep
well
and
eat
well.
C．Can
anyone
study
well
while
others
around
are
watching
TV?
D．This
should
include
all
the
subjects.
E．So
leave
all
your
fears
and
free
your
mind
before
starting
the
study.
F．This
will
be
of
great
use
to
your
coming
exams.
G．A
good
note
shall
include
the
most
important
points.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何为考试做准备给出了几条可行的建议。
1．E [根据上文“Some
students
study
well
but
still
may
be
much
afraid
of
exams
and
due
to
this
reason
they
get
upset
and
won't
be
able
to
get
marks.”可知，一些学生学习很好，但仍然可能很害怕考试，由于这个原因，他们会感到心烦，无法获得分数。此处承接上文，E项中的So与上文构成因果关系，所以在开始学习之前，先放下所有的恐惧，放松你的大脑。]
2．D [根据上文“Prepare
a
timetable
before
starting
the
study.”可知，在开始学习前要准备一个时间表，D项承接上文，该项中的This指代上文中的timetable。]
3．C [根据上文“A
studying
atmosphere
plays
a
very
important
role.”可知，学习氛围起着非常重要的作用。所以C项承接上文，当周围的人都在看电视，还有人能好好学习吗？]
4．G [根据上文“The
note
should
be
short
and
clear
to
make
the
review
easier.”中的note可知，G项符合语境。]
5．B [本空是一个小标题，应该用短小精悍的祈使句。根据下文“On
the
night
before
exams
you
have
to
sleep
well，at
least
6
hours
and
not
more
than
8
hours.”中的“sleep
well”可知，B项正确。]
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