英语学科讲义
一、课前检测：
I
didn’t
think
I
had
a
passion(激情).
I
would
sit
in
front
of
the
TV
all
day,
thinking
about
nothing
but
the
next
show.
It
was
not
long
ago
that
I
first
learned
how
important
having
a
passion
is
to
life.
On
that
day
I
went
with
my
mum
to
drive
my
sister
to
the
gym.
I
was
bored.
Then,
as
my
mum
stopped
at
a
red
light,
s
on
the
side
of
the
road
caught
my
eye.
It
was
a
man
dressed
in
rags
(衣衫褴褛).
He
was
homeless.
That
didn’t
interest
me,
for
I
had
seen
many
like
him
b
.
But
in
some
ways
he
was
d
.
This
man
was
not
sitting
down
with
a
sad
expression.
He
had
a
radio
in
his
hand
and
was
dancing
h
to
the
music.
The
radio
seemed
to
be
the
most
precious(珍贵)thing
he
had.
“
Mum,
why
does
that
man
have
a
radio
even
thought
he’s
homeless?”
I
asked.
“He
bought
it,”
she
replied.
“But
if
he’s
homeless,
why
doesn’t
he
use
the
money
to
buy
food
or
clothes?
He
w
it
on
something
he
doesn’t
need.”
“Well,
Sarah,
sometimes
food
and
clothes
aren’t
the
most
important
things.
We
need
happiness,
too.”
That
man
must
c
enough
music
to
buy
a
radio
instead
of
food
or
clothes.
I
soon
realized
that
happiness
is
the
k
to
life.
Without
it,
there’s
nothing
to
look
forward
to.
A
passion
gives
a
person
the
happiness
they
need
to
keep
going.
二、专题精讲
一、不定代词解密
不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
常用不定代词有：
some（something，somebody，someone）
any（anything，anybody，anyone）
no（nothing，nobody，no
one）
every（everything，everybody，everyone，）
all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few
other（s），another，none，one，either，
neither
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
1．作主语
Both
of
them
are
teachers．他们两人都是教师。
2．作宾语
I
know
nothing
about
this
person．我对这个人一无所知。
3．作表语
All
you
have
is
nothing．你所拥有的什么都不是。
4．作定语
There
is
a
little
water
in
the
glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。
5．作状语
I
can't
find
my
book
anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的
书。
二、解题技巧
历年上海中考英语首字母填空动不定代词出现情况
①Eight
out
of
ten
teenagers
said
they
met
friends
once
a
week.
Nine
out
of
ten
said
they
contacted
friends
through
the
Internet.
A
86
popular
way
of
contacting
friends
was
the
telephone.
Everyone
we
surveyed
said
they
spoke
to
friends
every
day.
Most
said
they
spoke
about
twenty
minutes
a
day.
②Even
though
Holmes
has
knowledge
about
many
subjects
,
such
as
chemistry,
botany(植物学)
and
anatomy,
he
still
needs
Dr
Watson’s
help
to
fight
with
him.
We
should
also
have
s__86___
to
help
you,
especially
if
you
don’t
know
as
much
as
Holmes.
③When
I
was
at
university,
I
studied
very
hard.
But
a
lot
of
my
friends
did
very
l
81
work.
Some
just
did
enough
to
pass
the
exam.
Others
didn’t
do
quite
enough.
Fred
Braines
was
such
a
student.
He
spent
more
time
drinking
in
the
Tea
House
than
working
in
the
library.
④This
week,
my
family
tried
to
save
electricity.
We
never
left
the
lights
on
when
leaving
the
rooms.
We
switched
off
the
TV
when
n
92
was
watching
it.
⑤Don’t
spend
longer
than
thirty
minutes
trying
to
fall
asleep.
If
you
can’t
get
to
sleep
after
half
an
hour,
get
up
and
do
s
97
quiet,
like
reading.
Only
go
back
to
bed
when
you
feel
tired.
A__95__
good
reason
for
reading
books
is
that
it
is
useful.
★不定代词基础训练试题:
1．All
of
us
were
invited,
but
n____
of
us
came.
2．The
weather
in
Shanghai
is
different
from
t
____
in
Baotou.
3．The
bottle
is
empty.
There
is
n____
in
it.
4．Today,
too
many
trees
are
still
being
cut
down
s________
in
the
world.
5．These
sweaters
are
too
small
for
me.
Please
show
me
a____
one.
6．
“Which
of
the
two
dictionaries
do
you
like
better?”
“I
like
__
__
,
because
they're
not
useful.”
7．They
were
all
very
tired,
but
____
of
them
would
stop
to
take
a
rest.
8．____
of
them
has
a
dictionary
and
____
one
of
them
can
look
up
words
in
the
dictionary.
9．My
father
is
very
busy
with
his
work.
He
has
____
time
to
do
the
housework.
课堂练习：
【例1】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟
The
London
Olympic
Games
are
on
the
way.
You
may
have
a
nice
trip
in
London
with
the
help
of
the
following
information.
Getting
around
in
LondonBy
undergroundThe
underground
is
fast
and
convenient.
There
is
a
station
every
few
blocks.
Underground
trains
run
from
5:30
a.m.
to
12:00
midnight.
You
can
get
to
any
place
e_____86_____.?
By
busTravelling
by
bus
is
a
good
way
to
see
the
city,
especially
from
the
top
of
a
double-decker
bus.
There
is
always
a
bus
stop
nearby.
There
are
special
tickets
for
c_____87_____under
the
age
of
12.
By
trainTake
a
train
to
visit
places
outside
London,
like
Hampton
Court
and
Windsor
Castle.
You
can
use
a
Travel
card
on
the
underground,
buses
and
most
trains.
To
p_____88_____your
journey,
get
a
map
from
the
railway
stations,
take
some
time
to
think
about
the
places
you
want
to
visit.?
By
taxiLondon’s
black
taxis
are
f_____89_____.
Many
visitors
to
London
know
they
are
good
and
comfortable.
They
will
cost
you
a
few
pounds,
though.
Take
a
taxi
once,
for
the
experience.
By
b_____90_____The
“river
bus”
leaves
from
Westminster
Pier
and
stops
at
different
places
between
Westminster
and
Greenwich
Pier.
A
good
way
to
see
the
city
from
the
River
Thames.
By
carDon’t
drive
your
car
in
London!
Car
parks
are
very
e_____91_____.
You
have
to
pay
a
special
congestion
charge(拥堵费)
to
drive
your
car
into
the
city
centre.
By
bikeThere
aren’t
many
good
bicycle
lanes
in
London.
Cycling
with
a
large
guided
group
is
better
than
r_____92_____alone.
On
footThe
best
way
to
visit
the
city!
But
look
right
and
left
before
you
cross
a
street.
There
are
many
beautiful
sights
waiting
for
you.
【例2】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟
At
some
time
in
your
life,
you
might
have
a
roommate.
It
is
a
good
idea
to
share
a
flat,
especially
for
students
or
people
who
have
just
finished
school,
because
flats
are
usually
expensive.
And
m_____86_____is
not
the
only
reason
for
having
a
roommate.
Sharing
a
flat
can
be
fun.
But
life
with
a
roommate
can
also
be
a
t_____87_____experience.
Some
experts(专家)
did
a
study
of
college
students
who
shared
a
room.
They
found
that
students
who
had
problems
with
their
roommates
were
not
happy
at
school
and
were
more
likely
to
get
sick
than
other
students.
So,
how
can
you
l_____88_____with
a
roommate
and
enjoy
it?
Here
is
some
advice:
Being
roommates
with
a
friend
can
be
hard.
Friends
may
be
different
when
you
stay
with
them
all
the
time
from
when
you
don't
see
them
very
o_____89_____.
So,
before
you
plan
to
share
a
room
with
a
friend,
discuss
the
situation
carefully.
If
you
decide
to
share
a
room
with
someone
you
don't
know,
talk
to
each
other.
It's
important
to
be
h_____90_____about
your
habits
and
things
you
hate.
When
you
move
in
with
a
roommate,
make
rules.
Decide
how
you
will
share
h_____91_____,
such
as
cleaning,
washing
and
shopping.
Will
you
share
food?
Is
it
OK
to
have
guests?
And
what
about
loud
music?
Don't
get
angry
at
small
things
that
your
roommate
does.
Try
to
f_____92_____the
unhappy
things
between
you
and
your
roommate.
No
one
-
including
you-
is
perfect.
【例3】（上海年阅读C篇）限时8分钟
A
school
newspaper
The
Teens
asked
over
one
thousand
teenagers
how
they
spent
their
spare
time.
Here
they
report
the
r_____81_____of
the
survey.
It’s
not
at
all
surprising
to
learn
that
most
teens
said
they
wanted
more
free
time.
Most
have
less
than
an
hour
a
day
for
after-school
activities.
P_____82_____activity
was
popular
among
both
girls
and
boys,
averaging
between
three
to
six
hours
a
week.
Favourite
sports
among
girls
were
tennis,
basketball
and
swimming.
Boys
said
they
liked
football,
basketball
and
skating.
Speaking
of
entertainment,
music
and
TV
were
popular.
About
half
of
those
surveyed
said
that
music
was
their
favourite
activity.
This
i_____83_____both
listening
to
and
playing
music.
TV
was
also
very
popular.
Three
quarters
said
they
preferred
watching
TV
to
reading
a
book
or
magazine.
Unexpectedly,
as
many
as
three
out
of
ten
teenagers
mentioned
that
collecting
things
was
something
they
liked
to
do
in
their
spare
time.
They
had
v_____84_____collections
from
cartoon
books
and
baseball
cards
to
stickers,
toys
and
coins.
V_____85_____friends
was
also
popular.
Eight
out
of
ten
teenagers
said
they
met
friends
once
a
week.
Nine
out
of
ten
said
they
contacted
friends
through
the
Internet
A_____86_____popular
way
of
contacting
friends
was
the
telephone.
Everyone
we
surveyed
said
they
spoke
to
friends
every
day.
Most
said
they
spoke
about
twenty
minutes
a
day.
Surprisingly,
teenagers
s_____87_____went
dancing,
especially
girls.
Only
one
out
of
ten
said
they
went
to
the
dance
regularly.
练习1
（徐汇一模C篇）
Most
people
know
that
intelligence
quotient
(IQ)
is
important,
but
EQ
is
probably
more
important
in
daily
life.
When
facing
an
exam,
EQ
helps
us
to
manage
our
feelings.
When
getting
along
with
friends
or
parents,
EQ
helps
us
to
c_____81_____well.
EQ
is
shaped
partly
by
genetics（基因）.
You
can
see
some
babies
are
quiet,
while
others
are
not.
B_____82_____,
EQ
is
something
you
can
learn
for
yourself.
You
can
learn
what
different
feelings
might
mean
and
how
they
relate
to
yourself
and
others.
If
we
learn
in
the
right
way,
our
EQ
can
get
better
as
we
get
older.
Children
with
a
high
EQ
usually
have
greater
success
with
making
friends.
Having
a
high
EQ
needs
a
few
different
skills.
Learning
about
these
skills
can
help
us
to
i_____83_____our
EQ.
But
what
are
they?
Let’s
take
a
look!
1.
Know
yourself
Most
people
feel
many
different
feelings
t_____84_____the
day.
Some
feelings
like
surprise
last
just
a
few
seconds.
Others,
like
happiness
and
sadness,
may
stay
around
much
l_____85_____.
Being
able
to
recognize
these
everyday
feelings
is
the
most
basic
of
all
EQ
skills.
2.
Manage
yourself
We
all
get
angry.
We
all
have
disappointments.
But
we
need
to
control
it.
It
is
not
always
the
right
time
or
place
to
express
our
feelings.
When
you
are
angry
with
someone,
take
a
deep
breath
and
s_____86_____count
to
10.
This
way,
you
can
calm
down.
3.
Encourage
yourself
When
you
fail
an
exam,
you
may
be
disappointed.
But
there
is
something
more
effective
you
can
do—learn
to
encourage
yourself.
It
gives
you
the
energy
and
c_____87_____to
move
on.
It
helps
you
to
build
a
strong
heart.
练习3
（浦东新区一模C篇）
You
know
that
eating
a
sensible
diet
and
getting
plenty
of
exercise
help
make
your
body
healthy
and
strong.
But
do
you
know
that
there
are
ways
to
make
your
brain
healthier
and
smarter?
Here
are
seven
steps
toward
a
smarter
brain.
Limit
your
TV
viewing
Never
spend
too
much
time
on
TV
viewing,
for
it
n_____81_____very
little
brain
activities.
Your
brain
will
become
weak
just
as
your
muscles
do.
If
you
do
watch
TV,
choose
something
educational
and
meaningful.
Travel
Travelling
to
a_____82_____country
forces
you
to
see
and
do
things
in
a
fresh
way,
bringing
stimulation
to
the
brain.
Learn
a
new
a
language
Learning
a
new
language
involves
different
learning
methods.
Learning
a
language
sharpens
your
brains
and
helps
prevent
memory
p_____83_____that
you
may
meet
in
later
years.
Read
often
As
you
read,
take
the
time
to
look
up
people
or
places
that
aren’t
familiar.
Reading
makes
your
vocabulary
much
l_____84_____if
you
always
search
for
words
and
definitions
that
you
don’t
know.
Each
week,
choose
an
animal,
a
bird
or
a
fish,
and
read
everything
you
can
about
it.
Stretch
your
brain
as
you
become
an
expert
on
the
subject.
Calculate
w_____85_____
you
shop
As
you
put
things
in
your
grocery
cart,
total
everything
in
your
head.
See
how
close
you
get
to
the
actual
total.
Use
your
non-dominant（不占优势的）hand
If
you
are
right-handed,
use
your
left
hand
for
everyday
activities,
or
use
your
right
hand
if
you
are
left-handed.
Doing
familiar
things
in
a
different
way
will
make
your
brain
c_____86_____new
neural
networks.
Wechat（微信）！
Read
messages
from
people
who
have
different
interests.
And
some
say
that
learning
to
express
y_____87_____in
just
100
words
is
a
great
brain
challenge.
Have
a
try
and
do
these
every
day.
Little
by
little
you
can
get
into
the
habit
of
challenging
your
brain,
and
make
your
brain
smarter!
练习4
（闸北一模C篇）
The
story
behind
the
shopping
cart
Characters
Sylvan
Goldman---
owner
of
a
grocery
shop
Fred
Young—Sylvan’s
friend,
a
mechanic
(机械师)
One
night
in
1936,
in
an
American
city.
Inside
Fred’s
workshop.
Sylvan
sits
next
to
Fred,
who
is
making
adjustments（调试）to
their
new
i_____81_____—a
shopping
cart.
Sylvan:
My
customers
don’t
like
our
shopping
cart.
Fred:
Really?
So
they
p_____82_____shopping
with
those
heavy
baskets?
Sylvan:
(nods)
I’ve
got
a
huge
crowd
of
customers
every
day,
b_____83_____none
of
them
wants
to
use
the
cart.
Fred:
I
don’t
understand
.We
invited
the
cart
so
people
don’t
need
to
carry
a
basket
around
the
shop.
Sylvan:
(laughs)
And
so
that
they
will
buy
more
groceries!
Fred:
So
why
don’t
they
like
the
shopping
cart?
Sylvan:
Young
men
think
that
pushing
a
cart
around
makes
them
look
w_____84_____and
slow,
and
young
women
think
it’s
unfashionable.
Fred:
Of
course
it
isn’t
fashionable
right
now.
It’s
only
just
been
invented!
But
I’m
sure
older
people
will
appreciate
it.
Sylvan:
Um...
Fred:
What?
They
don’t
like
the
cart
e_____85_____？
Sylvan:
Well,
they
think
pushing
it
makes
them
look
helpless!
Fred:
Oh,
no.
We
need
to
do
something,
Fred.
We
can’t
just
g_____86_____up
on
this
invention!
Sylvan:
We
won’t.
(He
gets
up
and
walks
around
the
room.
Suddenly,
he
stops)
Aha!
I’ve
got
an
idea.
Fred:
What
is
it?
Sylvan:
I’ll
hire
(雇佣)
some
good-looking
guys
and
girls
to
push
the
carts
around
and
pretend
they
are
shopping.
Fred:
Oh!
So
the
real
shoppers
will
see
these
attractive
people
using
the
carts
and
think,
‘Hey,
if
it’s
good
enough
for
them,
it’s
good
enough
for
me!’
Sylvan:
E_____87_____.
Fred:
Hey!
Maybe
you
could
get
one
of
the
girls
to
greet
your
customers
and
encourage
them
to
use
the
cart.
Sylvan:
Great
idea!
课后作业：
奉贤区
In
one’s
life,
one
spends
the
most
time
being
with
oneself.
But
one
has
the
least
understanding
of
oneself.
When
you
are
successful,
you
may
be
very
proud.
When
you
80
,you
may
lose
heart.
If
you
don’t
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself（彻底自我），you
may
miss
many
chances
in
life.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
is
to
know
well
about
yourself.
You
may
realize
your
strong
points
and
weak
ones.
You
may
hope
for
a
wonderful
future,
but
be
sure
not
to
expect
too
much
because
you
may
not
realize
all
of
your
dreams.
You
may
be
confident
enough
to
meet
challenges,
but
first
you
should
know
81
.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
needs
self-appreciation（自我欣赏）.Maybe
you
think
you
are
a
tall
tree
or
just
small
grass,
but
you
can
always
have
your
own
way
of
being
there.
82
you
get
full
confidence
in
yourself,
you
are
sure
to
face
any
trouble.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
also
means
to
83
yourself.
When
you
are
angry,
find
a
quiet
place
so
that
you
won’t
be
hurt.
When
you
are
84
,tell
your
friends
about
it
to
change
the
mood(心情)into
a
good
one.
When
you
are
tired,
get
a
good
sleep.
If
you
don’t
know
when
and
how
you
should
look
after
yourself,
you
won’t
be
able
to
stay
away
from
illness.
85
can
tell
what
will
happen
in
the
future.
Get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself,
and
you
will
get
a
full
control
of
yourself
and
find
your
life
full
of
color.
80.
A.
win
B.
fail
C.
know
D.
beat
81.
A.
where
to
do
B.
how
to
do
C.
what
to
do
D.
why
to
do
82.
A.
Since
B.
When
C.
Until
D.
Although
83.
A.
take
care
of
B.
be
kind
to
C.
be
pleased
with
D.
depend
on
84.
A.
happy
B.
comfortable
C.
pleased
D.
sad
85.
A.
No
one
B.
Everyone
C.
Someone
D.
Anyone
虹口区
What
was
napkin
etiquette(礼仪)?
Etiquette
___80__
rules
that
society
has
set
up
for
people
to
follow
so
that
they
can
do
things
in
the
proper
way.
Napkin(餐巾)etiquette
has
developed
over
time.
According
to
proper
etiquette
today,
one
should
put
one’s
napkin
on
one’s
lap(膝盖)as
soon
as
everyone
is
seated
at
the
table.
When
one
excuses
oneself
and
leaves
the
table
for
a
few
minutes,
one
should
__81__
one’s
napkin
to
the
right
of
one’s
plate.
What
was
napkin
etiquette
like
before
it
developed
into
what
it
is
today?
In
ancient
Egyptian,
Greek,
and
Roman
times,
the
etiquette
was
quite
different.
Napkins
were
much
__82__.
Often,
they
were
as
large
as
bath
towels.
Banquets(宴会)usually
lasted
for
hours,
and
people
ate
with
their
hands,
although
finger
bowls
filled
with
__83__
would
sometimes
be
available,
the
large
napkins
were
necessary
if
one
wanted
to
stay
reasonably
clean.
A
second
use
for
the
napkin
developed
in
the
sixth
century
B.C.
Roman
society.
At
that
time,
__84__
were
expected
to
take
food
home.
The
uneaten
food
was
wrapped
up
and
carried
in
one’s
napkin.
It
was
considered
not
polite
to
leave
empty-handed.
Napkin
size
changed
__85__
with
an
invention.
The
invention
that
caused
this
size
change
was
the
fork.
Since
people
began
to
sue
forks,
their
hands
no
longer
get
as
dirty
as
before.
Although
napkins
became
smaller
in
size,
many
Europeans
did
not
use
them.
The
custom
was
to
wipe
one’s
hands
on
the
tablecloth.
At
that
time,
tablecloths
were
so
large
that
one
could
use
a
part
of
it
to
cover
one’s
lap.
Covering
one’s
lap
with
the
tablecloth
served
two
purposes(目的).
One
could
wipe
one’s
hands
on
it,
and
one
could
protect
his
lap
from
getting
dirty.
80.
A.
points
out
B.
deals
with
C.
searches
for
D.
gives
up
81.
A.
place
B.
tie
C.
throw
D.
pass
82.
A.
heavier
B.
softer
C.
drier
D.
bigger
83.
A.
rice
B.
water
C.
bread
D.
soup
84.
A.
soldiers
B.
drivers
C.
guests
D.
hosts
85.
A.
suddenly
B.
quietly
C.
politely
D.
softly
黄浦区
Buck
did
not
read
the
newspapers.
He
did
not
know
that
__80__
was
coming
for
every
big
dog
in
California.
Men
had
found
gold
in
the
Yukon,
and
these
men
wanted
big,
strong
dogs
to
work
in
the
cold
and
snow
of
the
north.
Buck
lived
in
Mr
Miller's
big
house
on
the
sunny
farm.
There
were
large
gardens
and
fields
of
fruit
trees
around
the
house,
and
a
river
nearby.
In
a
big
place
like
this,
__81__,there
were
many
dogs.
There
were
house
dogs
and
farm
dogs,
but
they
weren't
important.
Buck
was
the
chief
dog
and
this
was
___82__place.
He
was
four
years
old
and
weighed
sixty
kilos.
He
went
swimming
with
Mr
Miller's
sons,
and
walking
with
his
daughters.
He
carried
the
grandchildren
on
his
back,
and
he
sat
at
Mr.
Miller's
feet
in
front
of
the
fire
in
winter.
But
this
was
1897,
and
Buck
did
not
know
that
men
and
dogs
were
hurrying
to
north-west
Canada
to
look
for
gold.
And
he
did
not
know
that
Manuel,
one
of
Mr.
Miller's
gardeners,
needed
money
for
his
large
family.
One
day,
when
Mr.
Miller
was
out,
Manuel
and
Buck
left
the
garden
together.
It
was
just
an
evening
walk,
Buck__83___.
No
one
saw
them
go,
and
only
one
man
saw
them
arrive
at
the
railway
station.
This
man
talked
to
Manuel,
and
gave
him
some
money.
Then
he
tied
a
piece
of
rope
around
Buck's
neck.
Buck__84___,
and
was
surprised
when
the
rope
was
pulled
hard
around
his
neck.
He
jumped
at
the
man.
The
man
caught
him
and
suddenly
Buck
was
on
his
back
with
his
tongue
out
of
his
mouth.
For
a
few
moments
he
was
unable
to
move,
and
it
was__85__
for
the
two
men
to
put
him
into
the
train.
A.
money
B.
trouble
C.
gold
D.
Snow
A.
for
example
B.
in
fact
C.
above
all
D.
of
course
A.
her
B.
their
C.
his
D.
its
A.
said
B.
thought
C.
heard
D.
wondered
A.
cried
B.
laughed
C.
smiled
D.
died
A.
impossible
B.
difficult
C.
easy
D.
necessary英语学科讲义
一、课前检测：
I
didn’t
think
I
had
a
passion(激情).
I
would
sit
in
front
of
the
TV
all
day,
thinking
about
nothing
but
the
next
show.
It
was
not
long
ago
that
I
first
learned
how
important
having
a
passion
is
to
life.
On
that
day
I
went
with
my
mum
to
drive
my
sister
to
the
gym.
I
was
bored.
Then,
as
my
mum
stopped
at
a
red
light,
s
on
the
side
of
the
road
caught
my
eye.
It
was
a
man
dressed
in
rags
(衣衫褴褛).
He
was
homeless.
That
didn’t
interest
me,
for
I
had
seen
many
like
him
b
.
But
in
some
ways
he
was
d
.
This
man
was
not
sitting
down
with
a
sad
expression.
He
had
a
radio
in
his
hand
and
was
dancing
h
to
the
music.
The
radio
seemed
to
be
the
most
precious(珍贵)thing
he
had.
“
Mum,
why
does
that
man
have
a
radio
even
thought
he’s
homeless?”
I
asked.
“He
bought
it,”
she
replied.
“But
if
he’s
homeless,
why
doesn’t
he
use
the
money
to
buy
food
or
clothes?
He
w
it
on
something
he
doesn’t
need.”
“Well,
Sarah,
sometimes
food
and
clothes
aren’t
the
most
important
things.
We
need
happiness,
too.”
That
man
must
c
enough
music
to
buy
a
radio
instead
of
food
or
clothes.
I
soon
realized
that
happiness
is
the
k
to
life.
Without
it,
there’s
nothing
to
look
forward
to.
A
passion
gives
a
person
the
happiness
they
need
to
keep
going.
81.
someone/somebody
82.
before
83.
different
84.
happily
85.
wasted
86.
care
87.
key
【解析】：此篇阅读首字母题材为中考常见小品文，此类阅读要求学生不仅要理解文章中的小故事而且要抓住文章的中心思想，即寓于故事当中的人生道理。
81题：考查不定代词someone/somebody做主语，本题难度不大，注意到后文It
was
a
man
dressed
in
rags
(衣衫褴褛)即可填出，但有不少学生由于不定代词不够熟悉而导致失分。
82题：考查句意理解，注意到句子当中for引导原因状语从句，意思是因为我之前见过很多像他一样的人即可填出。
83题：考查形容词different做表语。此空需要结合上下文信息，上文已提到他caught
my
eye，而且后文也一直在写这个人无家可归却把钱花在买收音机上，由此可知他与众不同，及different.
84题：考查副词happily作状语修饰dance这个动作。由后文可知这个人很喜欢音乐，且故事的中心是关于快乐的真谛，所以判断是跟着音乐一起快乐起舞。
85题：考查动词waste做谓语动词，由上下文可知，故事中的主人公虽然无家可归但是却花钱买了收音机，这一行为在作者看来是把钱浪费在不必要的东西上，所以想到waste并不难，但由于这个句子的上下文都用的一般现在时而此空因为收音机已经买了，应该填过去时，即wasted.学生容易忽略时态变化。
86题：此题考查动词care做谓语动词，表示在意。根据故事可知，故事主人公在缺衣少食的情况下把钱花在了收音机上，说明他比起衣服食物更在意或更喜欢音乐。
87题：此题考查名词key做表语，表示生活的真谛。根据故事的情节及后面的介词to提醒，可以填出key.
二、专题精讲
一、不定代词解密
不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
常用不定代词有：
some（something，somebody，someone）
any（anything，anybody，anyone）
no（nothing，nobody，no
one）
every（everything，everybody，everyone，）
all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few
other（s），another，none，one，either，
neither
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
1．作主语
Both
of
them
are
teachers．他们两人都是教师。
2．作宾语
I
know
nothing
about
this
person．我对这个人一无所知。
3．作表语
All
you
have
is
nothing．你所拥有的什么都不是。
4．作定语
There
is
a
little
water
in
the
glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。
5．作状语
I
can't
find
my
book
anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的
书。
二、解题技巧
历年上海中考英语首字母填空动不定代词出现情况
Eight
out
of
ten
teenagers
said
they
met
friends
once
a
week.
Nine
out
of
ten
said
they
contacted
friends
through
the
Internet.
A
86
popular
way
of
contacting
friends
was
the
telephone.
Everyone
we
surveyed
said
they
spoke
to
friends
every
day.
Most
said
they
spoke
about
twenty
minutes
a
day.
【讲解】通过句子成分分析，此处填入形容词比较合适，根据前句中的contacted
friends
through
the
Internet和本句contacting
friends
was
the
telephone的对比得知填入的“另一，再一”所以another比较合适。
Even
though
Holmes
has
knowledge
about
many
subjects
,
such
as
chemistry,
botany(植物学)
and
anatomy,
he
still
needs
Dr
Watson’s
help
to
fight
with
him.
We
should
also
have
s__86___
to
help
you,
especially
if
you
don’t
know
as
much
as
Holmes.
【讲解】此段都说的是要有一个助手来帮助自己，那么助手也可以说是“某个人”，所以someone合适。
When
I
was
at
university,
I
studied
very
hard.
But
a
lot
of
my
friends
did
very
l
81
work.
Some
just
did
enough
to
pass
the
exam.
Others
didn’t
do
quite
enough.
Fred
Braines
was
such
a
student.
He
spent
more
time
drinking
in
the
Tea
House
than
working
in
the
library.
【讲解】根据前后文对比，but一词表达出前后文意思是相反的，“作者学习努力，而他的同学学得很少”，所以答案是little，比较简单。
Week
1
This
week,
my
family
tried
to
save
electricity.
We
never
left
the
lights
on
when
leaving
the
rooms.
We
switched
off
the
TV
when
n
92
was
watching
it.
不定代词
nobody
【讲解】缺乏主语
，一般就是名词就是代词，再看词义，We
never
left
the
lights
on
when
leaving
the
rooms这句话
跟92空所在的这一句话岂不是一个意思?一个说是人不在家时，电脑关掉，后面再举一个例子，就是电
视也要关掉，当____在看的时候。
Don’t
spend
longer
than
thirty
minutes
trying
to
fall
asleep.
If
you
can’t
get
to
sleep
after
half
an
hour,
get
up
and
do
s
97
quiet,
like
reading.
Only
go
back
to
bed
when
you
feel
tired.
不定代词
something
【讲解】此题凭语感可能更好做一点。但若是学生没有语感，那只能按照套路去分析一下。此题直接判断词义。
让学生注意关键词like，like意味着后面是举例子，举例子是为了干嘛？不就是为了阐释前面的意思吗？
所以reading是quiet的，但是reading只是举的一个例子，还有很多跟reading类似的quiet的事情呢，
所以那些事情可以用something来指代。
A__95__
good
reason
for
reading
books
is
that
it
is
useful.
不定代词Another
【讲解】这个空还是很好判断的，因为前面说了一个reason，再说另一个时，只能用another这个不定代词了。让
学生熟悉这些代词。
★不定代词基础训练试题:
1．All
of
us
were
invited,
but
n____
of
us
came.
2．The
weather
in
Shanghai
is
different
from
t
____
in
Baotou.
3．The
bottle
is
empty.
There
is
n____
in
it.
4．Today,
too
many
trees
are
still
being
cut
down
s________
in
the
world.
5．These
sweaters
are
too
small
for
me.
Please
show
me
a____
one.
6．
“Which
of
the
two
dictionaries
do
you
like
better?”
“I
like
__
__
,
because
they're
not
useful.”
7．They
were
all
very
tired,
but
____
of
them
would
stop
to
take
a
rest.
8．____
of
them
has
a
dictionary
and
____
one
of
them
can
look
up
words
in
the
dictionary.
9．My
father
is
very
busy
with
his
work.
He
has
____
time
to
do
the
housework.
答案：none;
that;
nothing;
somewhere;
another;
neither;
none;
Each;
every;
Little
课堂练习：
【例1】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟
The
London
Olympic
Games
are
on
the
way.
You
may
have
a
nice
trip
in
London
with
the
help
of
the
following
information.
Getting
around
in
LondonBy
undergroundThe
underground
is
fast
and
convenient.
There
is
a
station
every
few
blocks.
Underground
trains
run
from
5:30
a.m.
to
12:00
midnight.
You
can
get
to
any
place
e_____86_____.?
By
busTravelling
by
bus
is
a
good
way
to
see
the
city,
especially
from
the
top
of
a
double-decker
bus.
There
is
always
a
bus
stop
nearby.
There
are
special
tickets
for
c_____87_____under
the
age
of
12.
By
trainTake
a
train
to
visit
places
outside
London,
like
Hampton
Court
and
Windsor
Castle.
You
can
use
a
Travel
card
on
the
underground,
buses
and
most
trains.
To
p_____88_____your
journey,
get
a
map
from
the
railway
stations,
take
some
time
to
think
about
the
places
you
want
to
visit.?
By
taxiLondon’s
black
taxis
are
f_____89_____.
Many
visitors
to
London
know
they
are
good
and
comfortable.
They
will
cost
you
a
few
pounds,
though.
Take
a
taxi
once,
for
the
experience.
By
b_____90_____The
“river
bus”
leaves
from
Westminster
Pier
and
stops
at
different
places
between
Westminster
and
Greenwich
Pier.
A
good
way
to
see
the
city
from
the
River
Thames.
By
carDon’t
drive
your
car
in
London!
Car
parks
are
very
e_____91_____.
You
have
to
pay
a
special
congestion
charge(拥堵费)
to
drive
your
car
into
the
city
centre.
By
bikeThere
aren’t
many
good
bicycle
lanes
in
London.
Cycling
with
a
large
guided
group
is
better
than
r_____92_____alone.
On
footThe
best
way
to
visit
the
city!
But
look
right
and
left
before
you
cross
a
street.
There
are
many
beautiful
sights
waiting
for
you.
【参考答案】easily、children、plan/prepare、famous、expensive、riding
【例题解析】本篇文章是以伦敦奥运会为背景，介绍了在伦敦旅行的出行方式。整篇文章难度中等，着重考查基本的阅读理解能力以及词汇运用的能力。
86题，根据句子结构，可以判断出是副词。整段描述的是地铁非常方便快捷，所以可以很容易的去任何地方。
87题，通过后文的“在12岁以下”这样一个定语，可以判断此类特殊票是为孩子设计的。
88题，首先要理解to
do的其中一个含义为表达目的，即“为了做......”,然后根据后文的提示：从火车站取得地图；思考你想去的地方，可以判断出做这些事情的目的是为了计划旅行。
89题，很多学生容易填写free，出现这样的错误的原因是没有联系后文就直接进行判断。后面已经提到伦敦的出租会花费旅客几个英镑。因此不可能是free。本题填写的应该是famous，因为后文写到很多去伦敦的游客都知道伦敦的出租车是很舒服的。可见伦敦的出租车非常有名。
90题，根据文章中的“river
bus”可以判断出整段在介绍的出行方式是船。因此填写boat。
91题，本段采用的是总分的结构，首先作者建议游客不要在伦敦开车。然后给出两个原因。后面一个原因是如果开车进市中心，需要额外支付拥堵费。而第一个原因，可以推断出停车费用是很昂贵的。因此填写expensive。
92题，是一个比较级的结构，比较的成份应该是随团骑车与独自骑车。因此填写的是riding。很多学生只写了ride，没有注意的正确的填写形式。因此，在填写单词时，一定要联系上下文，填写单词在文本中的正确形式。
【例2】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟
At
some
time
in
your
life,
you
might
have
a
roommate.
It
is
a
good
idea
to
share
a
flat,
especially
for
students
or
people
who
have
just
finished
school,
because
flats
are
usually
expensive.
And
m_____86_____is
not
the
only
reason
for
having
a
roommate.
Sharing
a
flat
can
be
fun.
But
life
with
a
roommate
can
also
be
a
t_____87_____experience.
Some
experts(专家)
did
a
study
of
college
students
who
shared
a
room.
They
found
that
students
who
had
problems
with
their
roommates
were
not
happy
at
school
and
were
more
likely
to
get
sick
than
other
students.
So,
how
can
you
l_____88_____with
a
roommate
and
enjoy
it?
Here
is
some
advice:
Being
roommates
with
a
friend
can
be
hard.
Friends
may
be
different
when
you
stay
with
them
all
the
time
from
when
you
don't
see
them
very
o_____89_____.
So,
before
you
plan
to
share
a
room
with
a
friend,
discuss
the
situation
carefully.
If
you
decide
to
share
a
room
with
someone
you
don't
know,
talk
to
each
other.
It's
important
to
be
h_____90_____about
your
habits
and
things
you
hate.
When
you
move
in
with
a
roommate,
make
rules.
Decide
how
you
will
share
h_____91_____,
such
as
cleaning,
washing
and
shopping.
Will
you
share
food?
Is
it
OK
to
have
guests?
And
what
about
loud
music?
Don't
get
angry
at
small
things
that
your
roommate
does.
Try
to
f_____92_____the
unhappy
things
between
you
and
your
roommate.
No
one
-
including
you-
is
perfect.
【参考答案】money、terrible、live、often、honest、housework、forget
【例题解析】本文的主要内容是关于如何与室友和睦相处。文章比较贴近学生，并且所填词也是学生平时常见的，因此难度不大。
86题，是一道很典型的联系上下文得出答案的题目。在86题之前，文章写的是公寓往往很贵。86题的句子表达的意思是：______不是唯一合住的原因。后文写的是合住也可以很快乐。因此很显然填的是money。
87题，一开始有一个非常关键的连词“but”，因此可以得出与上文的“fun”是相对的。另外，从所填词的位置来看是在句首，因此需要理解后文的内容，再进行判断。后文中几个关键的词“problems”、“unhappy”、“get
sick”可以得出合住也可能是一种糟糕的经历。所以填写terrible。
88题，后文写到“Here
is
some
advice”可见下文都是围绕88题所在的句子给出的建议。因此，不妨先看后文。后文中“share
a
room”、“move
in
with
a
roommate”等短语可以告诉我们这里应该填写的是live，与室友在一起生活。
89题，关键短语是be
different
from（与......不同），文章前面说的是when
you
stay
with
them
all
the
time,
（当你总是和他们在一起）与后文的when
you
don’t
see
them
very________进行对比，因此填写的是often，表示当你不经常见到他们。
90题，本段一开始设定的情境是你和一个不认识的人合住，因此要交流。对于你的习惯和讨厌的东西要坦诚，因此写的是honest。
91题，后文出现了提示词“such
as”，所以可以判断出是housework。
92题，此段开首句写的是不要因为室友做的小事而生气，因此后文应该忘记发生在你们之间的不愉快的事情。所以填写的是forget。文章难度中等，考查的是学生对于上下文的理解，以及逻辑判断的能力。因此在考试时，要加强通过上下文的分析，进行填词。
【例3】（上海年阅读C篇）限时8分钟
A
school
newspaper
The
Teens
asked
over
one
thousand
teenagers
how
they
spent
their
spare
time.
Here
they
report
the
r_____81_____of
the
survey.
It’s
not
at
all
surprising
to
learn
that
most
teens
said
they
wanted
more
free
time.
Most
have
less
than
an
hour
a
day
for
after-school
activities.
P_____82_____activity
was
popular
among
both
girls
and
boys,
averaging
between
three
to
six
hours
a
week.
Favourite
sports
among
girls
were
tennis,
basketball
and
swimming.
Boys
said
they
liked
football,
basketball
and
skating.
Speaking
of
entertainment,
music
and
TV
were
popular.
About
half
of
those
surveyed
said
that
music
was
their
favourite
activity.
This
i_____83_____both
listening
to
and
playing
music.
TV
was
also
very
popular.
Three
quarters
said
they
preferred
watching
TV
to
reading
a
book
or
magazine.
Unexpectedly,
as
many
as
three
out
of
ten
teenagers
mentioned
that
collecting
things
was
something
they
liked
to
do
in
their
spare
time.
They
had
v_____84_____collections
from
cartoon
books
and
baseball
cards
to
stickers,
toys
and
coins.
V_____85_____friends
was
also
popular.
Eight
out
of
ten
teenagers
said
they
met
friends
once
a
week.
Nine
out
of
ten
said
they
contacted
friends
through
the
Internet
A_____86_____popular
way
of
contacting
friends
was
the
telephone.
Everyone
we
surveyed
said
they
spoke
to
friends
every
day.
Most
said
they
spoke
about
twenty
minutes
a
day.
Surprisingly,
teenagers
s_____87_____went
dancing,
especially
girls.
Only
one
out
of
ten
said
they
went
to
the
dance
regularly.
【参考答案】
result(s)、Physical、included、various、Visiting、Another、seldom
【例题解析】本文是关于青年学生如何度过他们空闲时间的调查报告。本文的话题，仍然是围绕青少年的生活，因此比较容易被学生所理解。但是相比起前两年，所填词的拼写以及词义更为复杂，因此难度略微增加。
81题，对于有些学生来说，句子中survey这个词并不是很熟悉。survey解释为调查，而后文是围绕此调查的结果进行展开的。因此，这里填写result或者results皆可。
82题，通过后文写到女生喜欢网球、篮球和游泳，男生喜欢足球、篮球和溜冰，可以推测出这里应该填写与运动相关的活动。很多学生没有填出该词，是因为他们对physical解释为“身体的”这一含义并不了解。因此，在平时的学习中，对于一词多义的现象要格外注意。
83题，解答此题时，仍旧应该先理解“this”的指代含义。根据前文，可以得知“this”指代的是关于音乐的活动。而后文听音乐和玩音乐其实都是属于这一类活动的，因此填写“include”。同时，在填写的时候，应该注意动词的时态，前后文都是一般过去时，因此这里填写included.
84题，此句的含义是他们有收藏的兴趣，收藏的范围从卡通书，甚至到硬币，可见其收藏的范围很广，因此various（各种各样的）能够表达这一含义。
85题，此句放在句首，因此需要先读后文。后文中出现了关键短语“met
friends”、“contact
friends”因此可以推测出这里是拜访朋友的含义。当然，动词放在句首作主语，要注意添加“ing”。
86题，根据前文写到联系朋友的方式是通过网络，而这里写到通过电话的方式与朋友沟通，因此是另一种沟通的方式，填写another较为合适。
87题，首先要理解one
out
of
ten的含义是十分之一，然后联系后文，得知只有十分之一的青少年会定期跳舞，说明他们跳舞的频率并不高，因此填写“seldom”。
练习1
（徐汇一模C篇）
Most
people
know
that
intelligence
quotient
(IQ)
is
important,
but
EQ
is
probably
more
important
in
daily
life.
When
facing
an
exam,
EQ
helps
us
to
manage
our
feelings.
When
getting
along
with
friends
or
parents,
EQ
helps
us
to
c_____81_____well.
EQ
is
shaped
partly
by
genetics（基因）.
You
can
see
some
babies
are
quiet,
while
others
are
not.
B_____82_____,
EQ
is
something
you
can
learn
for
yourself.
You
can
learn
what
different
feelings
might
mean
and
how
they
relate
to
yourself
and
others.
If
we
learn
in
the
right
way,
our
EQ
can
get
better
as
we
get
older.
Children
with
a
high
EQ
usually
have
greater
success
with
making
friends.
Having
a
high
EQ
needs
a
few
different
skills.
Learning
about
these
skills
can
help
us
to
i_____83_____our
EQ.
But
what
are
they?
Let’s
take
a
look!
1.
Know
yourself
Most
people
feel
many
different
feelings
t_____84_____the
day.
Some
feelings
like
surprise
last
just
a
few
seconds.
Others,
like
happiness
and
sadness,
may
stay
around
much
l_____85_____.
Being
able
to
recognize
these
everyday
feelings
is
the
most
basic
of
all
EQ
skills.
2.
Manage
yourself
We
all
get
angry.
We
all
have
disappointments.
But
we
need
to
control
it.
It
is
not
always
the
right
time
or
place
to
express
our
feelings.
When
you
are
angry
with
someone,
take
a
deep
breath
and
s_____86_____count
to
10.
This
way,
you
can
calm
down.
3.
Encourage
yourself
When
you
fail
an
exam,
you
may
be
disappointed.
But
there
is
something
more
effective
you
can
do—learn
to
encourage
yourself.
It
gives
you
the
energy
and
c_____87_____to
move
on.
It
helps
you
to
build
a
strong
heart.
【参考答案】communicate、Besides、improve、throughout/through、longer、slowly/silently/simply、confidence/courage
练习3
（浦东新区一模C篇）
You
know
that
eating
a
sensible
diet
and
getting
plenty
of
exercise
help
make
your
body
healthy
and
strong.
But
do
you
know
that
there
are
ways
to
make
your
brain
healthier
and
smarter?
Here
are
seven
steps
toward
a
smarter
brain.
Limit
your
TV
viewing
Never
spend
too
much
time
on
TV
viewing,
for
it
n_____81_____very
little
brain
activities.
Your
brain
will
become
weak
just
as
your
muscles
do.
If
you
do
watch
TV,
choose
something
educational
and
meaningful.
Travel
Travelling
to
a_____82_____country
forces
you
to
see
and
do
things
in
a
fresh
way,
bringing
stimulation
to
the
brain.
Learn
a
new
a
language
Learning
a
new
language
involves
different
learning
methods.
Learning
a
language
sharpens
your
brains
and
helps
prevent
memory
p_____83_____that
you
may
meet
in
later
years.
Read
often
As
you
read,
take
the
time
to
look
up
people
or
places
that
aren’t
familiar.
Reading
makes
your
vocabulary
much
l_____84_____if
you
always
search
for
words
and
definitions
that
you
don’t
know.
Each
week,
choose
an
animal,
a
bird
or
a
fish,
and
read
everything
you
can
about
it.
Stretch
your
brain
as
you
become
an
expert
on
the
subject.
Calculate
w_____85_____
you
shop
As
you
put
things
in
your
grocery
cart,
total
everything
in
your
head.
See
how
close
you
get
to
the
actual
total.
Use
your
non-dominant（不占优势的）hand
If
you
are
right-handed,
use
your
left
hand
for
everyday
activities,
or
use
your
right
hand
if
you
are
left-handed.
Doing
familiar
things
in
a
different
way
will
make
your
brain
c_____86_____new
neural
networks.
Wechat（微信）！
Read
messages
from
people
who
have
different
interests.
And
some
say
that
learning
to
express
y_____87_____in
just
100
words
is
a
great
brain
challenge.
Have
a
try
and
do
these
every
day.
Little
by
little
you
can
get
into
the
habit
of
challenging
your
brain,
and
make
your
brain
smarter!
【参考答案】needs、another、problems、larger、when/while、create/cause、yourself/yourselves
小结
本篇文章向我们介绍了如何锻炼我们的大脑。本文难度适中，句子结构并不复杂。上下文之间的逻辑关系比较紧密。但是所填词的难度在于学生不能轻易的填出所需的适当形式。例如，81题，所填词为needs。在这里需要判断出need是一个实意动词，并不是情态动词，因此它有时态变化。而主语是“it”，因此需要加“s”。83题，所填词为problems。很多学生容易写成单数，没有注意到problem是可数名词，前面没有冠词“a”，因此需要添加“s”。84题，是很多学生容易失分的题目。首先，很多学生不理解vocabulary的含义。另外，在这里的搭配是make
sth
adj.，解释为使......怎么样，因此填写的是形容词，而前面有much，因此填写比较级。
练习4
（闸北一模C篇）
The
story
behind
the
shopping
cart
Characters
Sylvan
Goldman---
owner
of
a
grocery
shop
Fred
Young—Sylvan’s
friend,
a
mechanic
(机械师)
One
night
in
1936,
in
an
American
city.
Inside
Fred’s
workshop.
Sylvan
sits
next
to
Fred,
who
is
making
adjustments（调试）to
their
new
i_____81_____—a
shopping
cart.
Sylvan:
My
customers
don’t
like
our
shopping
cart.
Fred:
Really?
So
they
p_____82_____shopping
with
those
heavy
baskets?
Sylvan:
(nods)
I’ve
got
a
huge
crowd
of
customers
every
day,
b_____83_____none
of
them
wants
to
use
the
cart.
Fred:
I
don’t
understand
.We
invited
the
cart
so
people
don’t
need
to
carry
a
basket
around
the
shop.
Sylvan:
(laughs)
And
so
that
they
will
buy
more
groceries!
Fred:
So
why
don’t
they
like
the
shopping
cart?
Sylvan:
Young
men
think
that
pushing
a
cart
around
makes
them
look
w_____84_____and
slow,
and
young
women
think
it’s
unfashionable.
Fred:
Of
course
it
isn’t
fashionable
right
now.
It’s
only
just
been
invented!
But
I’m
sure
older
people
will
appreciate
it.
Sylvan:
Um...
Fred:
What?
They
don’t
like
the
cart
e_____85_____？
Sylvan:
Well,
they
think
pushing
it
makes
them
look
helpless!
Fred:
Oh,
no.
We
need
to
do
something,
Fred.
We
can’t
just
g_____86_____up
on
this
invention!
Sylvan:
We
won’t.
(He
gets
up
and
walks
around
the
room.
Suddenly,
he
stops)
Aha!
I’ve
got
an
idea.
Fred:
What
is
it?
Sylvan:
I’ll
hire
(雇佣)
some
good-looking
guys
and
girls
to
push
the
carts
around
and
pretend
they
are
shopping.
Fred:
Oh!
So
the
real
shoppers
will
see
these
attractive
people
using
the
carts
and
think,
‘Hey,
if
it’s
good
enough
for
them,
it’s
good
enough
for
me!’
Sylvan:
E_____87_____.
Fred:
Hey!
Maybe
you
could
get
one
of
the
girls
to
greet
your
customers
and
encourage
them
to
use
the
cart.
Sylvan:
Great
idea!
【参考答案】invention、prefer、but、weak、either、give、Exactly
小结
本文的题材比较新颖。是一个店主和机械师关于如何推广和鼓励消费者使用手推车的对话。文章的难点在于文章的逻辑并不像议论文那么紧密，需要在理解对话的基础上，进行判断。学生容易错的是81题，很多学生写的是idea。错误在于没有联系上下文的搭配。破折号后面是购物车，因此这里调试的应该是一个实物。所以填invention更合适。此外，87题是很多学生头痛的一个词。因为这个词考查了在语境中的使用。exactly本义为确切地。而在英语对话中，往往可以一个词来表达同意前面一个人所说的内容，解释为确实如此。在平时的英语学习过程中，应当加强词汇在语境中的运用。注重中文与英文在表达上的不同。
课后作业：
奉贤区
In
one’s
life,
one
spends
the
most
time
being
with
oneself.
But
one
has
the
least
understanding
of
oneself.
When
you
are
successful,
you
may
be
very
proud.
When
you
80
,you
may
lose
heart.
If
you
don’t
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself（彻底自我），you
may
miss
many
chances
in
life.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
is
to
know
well
about
yourself.
You
may
realize
your
strong
points
and
weak
ones.
You
may
hope
for
a
wonderful
future,
but
be
sure
not
to
expect
too
much
because
you
may
not
realize
all
of
your
dreams.
You
may
be
confident
enough
to
meet
challenges,
but
first
you
should
know
81
.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
needs
self-appreciation（自我欣赏）.Maybe
you
think
you
are
a
tall
tree
or
just
small
grass,
but
you
can
always
have
your
own
way
of
being
there.
82
you
get
full
confidence
in
yourself,
you
are
sure
to
face
any
trouble.
To
get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself
also
means
to
83
yourself.
When
you
are
angry,
find
a
quiet
place
so
that
you
won’t
be
hurt.
When
you
are
84
,tell
your
friends
about
it
to
change
the
mood(心情)into
a
good
one.
When
you
are
tired,
get
a
good
sleep.
If
you
don’t
know
when
and
how
you
should
look
after
yourself,
you
won’t
be
able
to
stay
away
from
illness.
85
can
tell
what
will
happen
in
the
future.
Get
a
thorough
understanding
of
yourself,
and
you
will
get
a
full
control
of
yourself
and
find
your
life
full
of
color.
80.
A.
win
B.
fail
C.
know
D.
beat
81.
A.
where
to
do
B.
how
to
do
C.
what
to
do
D.
why
to
do
82.
A.
Since
B.
When
C.
Until
D.
Although
83.
A.
take
care
of
B.
be
kind
to
C.
be
pleased
with
D.
depend
on
84.
A.
happy
B.
comfortable
C.
pleased
D.
sad
85.
A.
No
one
B.
Everyone
C.
Someone
D.
Anyone
虹口区
What
was
napkin
etiquette(礼仪)?
Etiquette
___80__
rules
that
society
has
set
up
for
people
to
follow
so
that
they
can
do
things
in
the
proper
way.
Napkin(餐巾)etiquette
has
developed
over
time.
According
to
proper
etiquette
today,
one
should
put
one’s
napkin
on
one’s
lap(膝盖)as
soon
as
everyone
is
seated
at
the
table.
When
one
excuses
oneself
and
leaves
the
table
for
a
few
minutes,
one
should
__81__
one’s
napkin
to
the
right
of
one’s
plate.
What
was
napkin
etiquette
like
before
it
developed
into
what
it
is
today?
In
ancient
Egyptian,
Greek,
and
Roman
times,
the
etiquette
was
quite
different.
Napkins
were
much
__82__.
Often,
they
were
as
large
as
bath
towels.
Banquets(宴会)usually
lasted
for
hours,
and
people
ate
with
their
hands,
although
finger
bowls
filled
with
__83__
would
sometimes
be
available,
the
large
napkins
were
necessary
if
one
wanted
to
stay
reasonably
clean.
A
second
use
for
the
napkin
developed
in
the
sixth
century
B.C.
Roman
society.
At
that
time,
__84__
were
expected
to
take
food
home.
The
uneaten
food
was
wrapped
up
and
carried
in
one’s
napkin.
It
was
considered
not
polite
to
leave
empty-handed.
Napkin
size
changed
__85__
with
an
invention.
The
invention
that
caused
this
size
change
was
the
fork.
Since
people
began
to
sue
forks,
their
hands
no
longer
get
as
dirty
as
before.
Although
napkins
became
smaller
in
size,
many
Europeans
did
not
use
them.
The
custom
was
to
wipe
one’s
hands
on
the
tablecloth.
At
that
time,
tablecloths
were
so
large
that
one
could
use
a
part
of
it
to
cover
one’s
lap.
Covering
one’s
lap
with
the
tablecloth
served
two
purposes(目的).
One
could
wipe
one’s
hands
on
it,
and
one
could
protect
his
lap
from
getting
dirty.
80.
A.
points
out
B.
deals
with
C.
searches
for
D.
gives
up
81.
A.
place
B.
tie
C.
throw
D.
pass
82.
A.
heavier
B.
softer
C.
drier
D.
bigger
83.
A.
rice
B.
water
C.
bread
D.
soup
84.
A.
soldiers
B.
drivers
C.
guests
D.
hosts
85.
A.
suddenly
B.
quietly
C.
politely
D.
softly
黄浦区
Buck
did
not
read
the
newspapers.
He
did
not
know
that
__80__
was
coming
for
every
big
dog
in
California.
Men
had
found
gold
in
the
Yukon,
and
these
men
wanted
big,
strong
dogs
to
work
in
the
cold
and
snow
of
the
north.
Buck
lived
in
Mr
Miller's
big
house
on
the
sunny
farm.
There
were
large
gardens
and
fields
of
fruit
trees
around
the
house,
and
a
river
nearby.
In
a
big
place
like
this,
__81__,there
were
many
dogs.
There
were
house
dogs
and
farm
dogs,
but
they
weren't
important.
Buck
was
the
chief
dog
and
this
was
___82__place.
He
was
four
years
old
and
weighed
sixty
kilos.
He
went
swimming
with
Mr
Miller's
sons,
and
walking
with
his
daughters.
He
carried
the
grandchildren
on
his
back,
and
he
sat
at
Mr.
Miller's
feet
in
front
of
the
fire
in
winter.
But
this
was
1897,
and
Buck
did
not
know
that
men
and
dogs
were
hurrying
to
north-west
Canada
to
look
for
gold.
And
he
did
not
know
that
Manuel,
one
of
Mr.
Miller's
gardeners,
needed
money
for
his
large
family.
One
day,
when
Mr.
Miller
was
out,
Manuel
and
Buck
left
the
garden
together.
It
was
just
an
evening
walk,
Buck__83___.
No
one
saw
them
go,
and
only
one
man
saw
them
arrive
at
the
railway
station.
This
man
talked
to
Manuel,
and
gave
him
some
money.
Then
he
tied
a
piece
of
rope
around
Buck's
neck.
Buck__84___,
and
was
surprised
when
the
rope
was
pulled
hard
around
his
neck.
He
jumped
at
the
man.
The
man
caught
him
and
suddenly
Buck
was
on
his
back
with
his
tongue
out
of
his
mouth.
For
a
few
moments
he
was
unable
to
move,
and
it
was__85__
for
the
two
men
to
put
him
into
the
train.
A.
money
B.
trouble
C.
gold
D.
Snow
A.
for
example
B.
in
fact
C.
above
all
D.
of
course
A.
her
B.
their
C.
his
D.
its
A.
said
B.
thought
C.
heard
D.
wondered
A.
cried
B.
laughed
C.
smiled
D.
died
A.
impossible
B.
difficult
C.
easy
D.
necessary
Keys：
答案：80.
B
81.
C
82.
B
83.
A
84.
D
85.
A
答案：80.
B
81.
A
82.
D
83.
B
84.
C
85.
A
答案：80.
B
81.
D
82.
C
83.
B
84.
A
85.
C
