英语学科讲义
知识梳理：
首字母填空专项训练
一、首字母填空解题技巧：
1.
通读短文，了解大意；
2.
判断句子成分；
3.
确定空格单词词性；
4.
联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；
5.
通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题；
二、解题技巧详解
从句子成分角度分析
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。
对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。
【随堂测练1】
The
I________
brings
us
closer
than
before.
Doing
some
r________
before
the
test
is
necessary.
Three
r________
happened
yesterday.
But
today
all
the
robbers
have
been
caught
by
the
police.
The
children
are
all
working
in
the
classroom.
Some
of
them
are
cleaning
the
windows
and
o_______
are
sweeping
the
floor.?
此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。
eg:
The
rich
are
not
always
happy.
句中the
rich
指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。
对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。
【随堂测练2】
My
mum
always
e________
me
to
be
a
brave
boy
when
I
was
young.
This
kind
of
new
mobile
phone
costs
so
much
that
I
can
hardly
a________
one.
Knowing
more
than
one
language
i
________
your
knowledge
of
other
cultures.
The
students
in
our
school
always
c________
about
the
food.
时态:
一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式
一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式
现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式
现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式
对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。
【随堂测练3】
The
doctors
are
busy
o________
on
the
seriously
injured
man
at
the
moment.
If
you
feel
nervous,
take
a
deep
b________
and
I'm
sure
you'll
feel
better.
He
had
to
make
a
c________
between
studying
in
Shanghai
and
going
abroad.
If
you
meet
with
any
d________,
you
can
ask
me
for
help.
对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词,
介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
【随堂测练4】
He
is
p________
of
his
daughter,
for
she
always
gets
A
grades
in
all
subjects.
The
sick
man
is
getting
w________.
Maybe
he
will
die
soon.
Such
cold
weather
is
quite
u________
in
May
and
people
have
to
wear
warm
clothes
again.
She
was
a________
a
big
prize
for
her
hard
work.
对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
【随堂测练5】
I’ve
been
used
to
the
c________
weather
in
London.
The
visit
to
Chongming
Island
was
really
u________,
it
left
us
a
sweet
memory.
That’s
only
my
p________
opinion.
Everyone
is
welcome
to
share
yours.
The
French
artist
said,
“It
is
my
f_______
time
to
visit
Shanghai.
I
love
this
city
so
much.”
对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。
【随堂测练6】
The
old
lady
could
hardly
believe
that
she
had
got
the
travel
pass
to
Hong
Kong
so
e________.
She
remembered
it
was
hard.
I
thought
I
was
wrong.
A________,
it
is
a
wise
decision.
B________,
you
need
to
make
up
a
story.
Can
you
write
your
own
one?
As
you
climb,
your
partner
pulls
you
climbing
rope
t________
something
called
a?belay
device?(绳索控制器).
对连词的判断:并列连词and,
but,
or,
so
,
not
only…but
also,
either
…or,
neither…nor,
as
well
as,
both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;
从属连词although/though
/because/
if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。
【随堂测练7】
Work
harder,
a________
you’ll
make
great
progress
in
English.
My
job
is
to
protect
the
innocent
as
well
a________
find
the
guilty.
A
________Walt
Disney
made
many
of
his
most
famous
movies
many
years
ago,
they
are
as
popular
now
as
they
were
when
he
made
them.
You
will
fail
in
the
exam
u
________
you
study
harder
than
before.
其他做题思路：
依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
如:W
________
his
help,
the
old
man
was
safe.
The
boy
thanked
him
very
much.
从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”，
with
his
help.
依据语法知识进行填词：
如:
These
people
often
have
thin
walls
which
can’t
s
________
the
noise
from
next
door.
根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop…
from”，所以填stop。
依据常识的积累进行填词：
如:But
it
was
too
late.
His
friend
was
very
angry.
Mr.
White
said
nothing
but
only
one
word
“S________.”
Mr.
White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S?????????
.”
我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.
依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
如：One
Sunday
afternoon,
Mr.
White
drove
his
new
car
to
his
friend’s
house
happily.
He
wanted
to
p
________?his
friend
up
at
five
and
then
went
to
see
a
new
movie
together.
根据句意，Mr.
White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进
行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
参考答案：
【随堂测练1】1.Internet
2.revision
3.robberies
4.others
【随堂测练2】1.encouraged/enabled
2.afford
3.improves/increases
4.complain
【随堂测练3】1.operating
2.breath
3.choice
4.difficulty
【随堂测练4】1.proud
2.worse
3.unusual
4.awarded
【随堂测练5】1.changeable2.unforgettable3.personal
4.first
【随堂测练6】1.easily
2.Actually
3.Besides
4.through
【随堂测练7】1.and
2.as
3.Although
4.unless
【随堂测练8】81.
behaviors
82.
includes
83.
once
84.
connected
85.
lonely
86.
without
87.
advantages
三、通关秘籍：
四、典型案例分析：
2018年静安区二模
There’s
no
place
like
home
Some
people
dream
of
having
a
home
‘just
like
the
ones
in
decorating
magazines’.
That
sort
of
beautifully
stylish
home
may
be
n
81
,
but
for
a
truly
special
place
to
live,
why
not
choose
a
home
unlike
any
other
in
the
neighbourhood?
The
unique(独一无二的)
houses
on
these
pages
challenge
people
to
reconsider
what
a
home
is
s
82
to
look
like.
Environmentally
friendly
homes
are
getting
a
lot
of
a
83
these
days.
Earthships,
for
example,
are
unusual
homes
made
from
materials
like
mud,
straw
and
reused
wood.
The
designers
of
earthships
combine
these
natural
materials
with
recycled
i
84
,
such
as
bottles,
cans
and
old
tyres.
These
homes
show
their
belief
that,
when
it
comes
to
saving
the
environment,
‘if
you
aren’t
part
of
the
solution,
you’re
part
of
the
problem.’
Additionally
many
of
these
homes
use
wind
or
solar
power.
They
are
designed
to
collect
and
recycle
water,
and
the
people
who
live
in
them
often
add
a
greenhouse
in
which
to
grow
food.
As
a
result,
if
you
live
in
an
earthship,
your
monthly
living
costs
will
d
85
to
almost
zero.
For
people
who
want
to
try
one
out,
the
Phoenix
Earthship
in
the
US
is
available
as
holiday
accommodation(住宿).
Shipping
containers
are
now
being
reused
to
make
a
86
type
of
environmentally
friendly
home.
A
number
of
architects
have
started
changing
individual
containers
into
holiday
homes.
Alternatively
they
can
be
combined
to
make
office
blocks
and
blocks
of
flats,
such
as
those
Container
City
in
London,
England.
With
all
of
the
examples
of
imaginative
homes,
it
is
clear
that
people
no
longer
need
to
settle
for
ordinary
living
spaces.
One
thing
is
sure:
people
living
in
homes
that
look
as
s
87
as
these
never
have
to
give
anyone
their
address.
They
can
just
say,
‘Look
for
the
weird
house.
You
will
know
it
when
you
see
it.’
【答案】81.
nice
82.
supposed
83.
attention
84.
items
85.
drop
86.
another
87.
strange
【解析】
根据句子分析知道该空词性为形容词，同时根据句子前面的短语“beautifully
stylish
home”可以推测出这种漂亮设计的房子可能会很好，由此可以联想到答案为：nice.
本题可以根据语法推测出答案，be
supposed
to
应该做某事的意思，再根据上下的意思联系，可以推测出答案为：supposed。注意be
supposed
to为考纲新增词汇，需要着重强调。
根据句子分析知道该空词性为名词，再根据第一段中的短语“the
unique(独一无二的)
houses”和“environmentally
friendly
homes”可以得知环保的房子是独一无二的，独一无二的东西必然会引起大家的关注，由此可以推测出答案为：attention。
根据句子分析知道该空词性为名词，再根据“such
as
bottles,
cans
and
old
tyres.
”可以推测举例的是东西，由此可以推测出答案为：items。注意单复数。
根据句子分析知道该空词性为动词，再根据句子“Additionally
many
of
these
homes
use
wind
or
solar
power.”可以得知这样的家可以用风和太阳能，由此可以推测出每个月的费用就会下降，因此答案为：drop。
根据句子分析知道该空词性可能为形容词，再根据前面讲的环保的房子是“earthships”，而现在“Shipping
containers”被用来做环保的房子，由此可以得出是另一种类型的环保的房子，由此可以推测出答案为：another。
根据句子分析知道该空词性可能为形容词,再根据后面的短语“weird
house”可以得知是奇怪的房子，由此可以推测出答案为：strange。
强化练习：
(基础篇)
2018年普陀区二模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
When
children
play
games,
they
don’t
need
a
referee(裁判).
They
have
their
own
rules
in
playing
games.
They
seldom
find
it
necessary
to
keep
scores
because
they
don’t
worry
about
who
wins
or
loses.
They
even
don’t
c
81
if
the
game
is
not
finished.
Yet,
they
like
games
that
depend
a
lot
on
luck,
so
that
their
a
82
are
not
so
important.
They
also
enjoy
games
that
move
in
stages
in
which
they
choose
leaders
and
pick
up
sides.
Grown-ups
r
83
find
children’s
games
exciting,
and
they
often
feel
puzzled
at
why
their
kids
play
such
simple
games
again
and
again.
However,
it
is
found
that
a
child
plays
games
for
some
important
r
84
.
He
can
be
a
good
player
without
having
to
think
whether
he
is
a
popular
person,
and
he
can
find
himself
being
a
u
85
partner
to
someone
who
is
more
popular
in
real
life.
When
it
is
his
turn
to
be
the
leader,
everyone
follows
his
orders.
This
makes
him
feel
more
c
86
.
It
seems
that
when
children
play
a
game,
they
i
87
a
situation
under
their
control.
Unlike
real
life,
in
this
situation
they
make
the
rules
themselves,
and
more
importantly,
everyone
plays
according
to
the
rules.
Those
rules
may
be
childish,
but
they
make
sure
that
every
child
has
a
chance
to
win.
(2)
2018年虹口区二模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
The
rise
of
the
Emoji(表情符号)
Happy,
angry,
amazed－these
are
some
of
the
emotions
we
like
to
express
these
days
when
we’re
sending
a
message
on
our
mobile
phones.
We’re
also
using
them
as
a
quick
way
of
telling
someone
how
we’re
f________(81).
Yes,
emojis
have
become
a
very
important
tool
for
communication.
Let’s
clear
one
thing
up
first－there
are
emojis
and
emoticons.
The
latter
are
little
images
which
are
made
using
normal
keys
on
a
keyboard.
For
example,
a
colon(冒号),
two
dots,
followed
by
a
close
bracket(右括号)
is
a
“smiley
face”.
But
as
technology
has
improved,
many
images
have
been
created
and
they
can
be
simply
a________(82)
to
your
messages,
which
is
great!
The
emoji
was
first
invented
in
Japan
in
the
late
1990s
and
the
word
“emoji”
comes
from
the
Japanese
words
for
“picture”
and
“character”.
The
number
of
different
images
has
greatly
i________(83)
since
then.
Now
we
have
a
picture
of
every
mood
or
situation.
Another
a________(84)
of
emojis
is
that
they
are
an
international
language－they
don’t
use
word
but
tell
a
message
in
pictorial
form
so
they
can
be
e________(85)
translated
whatever
your
native
language
is.
However,
the
emojis
you
send
need
some
thought
as
they
can
sometimes
be
misunderstood.
If
a
friend
sends
you
an
emoji
of
a
hammer(锤),
you
may
think
he
is
angry
when
really
he
is
s________(86)
he
has
hurt!
But
as
Linguist
Neil
Cohn
says,
“To
many,
emojis
are
an
exciting
development
of
the
way
we
communicate;
to
others,
they
are
linguistic
decline(语言的衰退).”
It
shows
there
is
a
lot
more
to
our
communication
than
words
a________(87),
but
does
this
mean
the
decline
in
traditional
writing?
(3)
2018年长宁区二模
C.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
I
rely
a
lot
on
my
phone
to
help
me
when
I
study
in
America.
Here
are
some
of
the
most
useful
apps
I
have
used
but
never
paid
for!
Calendar
All
phones
come
with
an
inbuilt
calendar
app.
I’ve
found
myself
using
the
app
quite
a
lot
recently.
It
is
important
to
know
your
date
when
p
81
a
weekend
away.
It
is
also
comforting
to
check
the
app
when
I’m
feeling
homesick
–it
helps
to
remind
me
that
I
will
be
home
soon,
so
I
should
make
the
most
of
my
time
a
82
.
Google
Translate
It’s
that
moment
when
the
word
is
on
the
tip
of
your
tongue,
but
you
just
can’t
r
83
it!
Don’t
worry;
Google
Translate
can
lend
you
a
hand!
Just
make
sure
you
double-check
if
you
are
translating
longer
texts,
as
the
software
does
make
some
very
humorous
m
84
!
Gmail
Personally,
I
really
like
the
Gmail
app
because
it
automatically
puts
emails,
based
on
different
items,
into
different
categories.
The
important
mail
goes
straight
to
my
inbox
(信箱),
while
l
85
important
mail
is
put
into
other
categories.
Headspace
After
an
exhausting
day
of
work,
I
needed
a
way
to
help
calm
and
focus
my
mind.
This
is
how
I
found
Headspace.
Sign
up
for
free
to
try
some
easy
meditations
(冥想)
–
they
only
take
ten
minutes.
I’ve
found
them
a
great
way
to
relax
a
86
a
stressful
day.
Trip
Advisor
When
exploring
a
new
town,
it’s
good
to
know
the
best
places
to
eat
and
the
most
interesting
attractions
to
see.
I
always
turn
to
Trip
Advisor
for
information.
Here,
you
can
find
hotels,
restaurants
and
attractions
which
are
l
87
together
with
other
visitors’
ratings
(等级)
and
comments.
It
makes
it
a
lot
easier
to
choose
a
good
hotel.
(4)
2018年黄浦区二模
C.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的
词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）
Grades
are
important,
but
they
are
not
the
only
measure.
I
have
come
to
understand
that
exam
grades
are
not
the
only
purpose
of
schools,
and
grades
a
81
are
not
enough.
Studies
show
that
some
of
the
high-flying
students
have
troubled
lives,
finding
it
difficult
to
get
good
jobs
or
become
great
parents
or
partners.
A
82
graduation,
students
come
to
realize
what
they
have
learned
at
school
has
not
really
prepared
them
for
the
next
step.
Increasingly,
teachers
are
getting
to
know
the
idea
of
“learning
from
our
failures.”
If
you’ve
never
failed
at
anything,
you’ve
certainly
never
t
83
anything
new.
Exam
grades
are
important
and
we
encourage
all
students
to
aim
high
and
to
do
well.
But
they
don’t
m
84
success.
I
once
asked
my
students
to
consider
the
chef
Gordon
Ramsay,
and
how
he
became
so
successful.
They
were
surprised
to
find
that
he
didn’t
have
a
good
performance
at
school
and
he
didn’t
s
85
become
a
great
chef.
In
an
interview,
he
explained
that
he
worked
long
hours
for
very
little
money,
learning
everything
he
could.
He
took
chances
even
if
they
seemed
i
86
.
He
made
mistakes
but
he
cheered
himself
up
and
moved
forward.
His
success
didn’t
come
from
grades,
it
came
from
his
character:
courage,
effort
and
confidence.
We
should
develop
social
skills
through
the
whole
school
as
an
important
p
87
of
learning.
This
is
why
there
is
a
focus
on
performance,
sport
and
other
activities.
These
life
skills
will
work
hand-in-hand
with
knowledge
to
enable
students
to
do
well
in
their
future
life.
81.care
82.abilities
83.rarely
84.reasons
85.useful
86.confident
87.imagine
81.
feeling
82.
added
83.increased
84.
advantage
85.easily
86.
saying
87.
alone
81.planning/preparing
82.
abroad
83.remember/reach/recall
84.
mistakes
85.less
86.
after
87.
Listed
(4)
81.alone
82.After
83.tried
84.mean
85.suddenly
86.impossible
87.part
小结：
课后作业：
(提高篇)
2020杨浦一模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
A
rare
experience
Imagine
the
situation.
You’re
walking
down
the
crowded
high
street
and
s___56___
a
complete
stranger
stops
you
and
says,
“Hi!
You
were
on
the
beach
in
the
south
of
Spain
six
years
ago.
How
are
you
doing?”
This
stranger
isn’t
necessarily
m
___57___
.
He
or
she
might
be
a
“super
-
recogniser”.
These
are
people
who
have
the
unusual
ability
to
recognise
people
they
have
seen
only
once
--
a
long
time
ago,
maybe
in
a
crowed.
Whatever
the
differences
in
looks
It
doesn’t
matter
what
the
person
looks
like
now.
People
change,
get
different
hair
styles,
dye
their
hair
or
go
grey.
Wrinkles,
new
glasses
and
makeups
give
them
new
a___58___
,
but
the
“super
-
recognisers”
can
still
recognise
them.
An
inborn
skill
Although
scientists
have
known
for
a
long
time
that
about
2%
of
people
suffer
from
face
-
blindness,
which
means
that
they
have
huge
problems
recognising
faces,
they
are
only
new
realising
that
some
people
are
the
exact
o
___59___
.Tests
have
shown
that
a
“super
-
recogniser”
can
identify
people
that
they
only
saw
for
a
brief
moment
--
and
this
is
not
an
ability
that
we
can
d____60____
,
it’s
something
we
are
born
with.
A
great
h
___61___
The
police
are
starting
to
use
“super
-
recognisers”
to
spot
criminal
faces
in
videos
of
crowds.
They
look
for
people
with
a
specific
build
and
facial
features
like
beards
and
moustaches
but
they
can
even
recognise
quite
o___62___people,
with
no
noticeable
features
at
all.
As
well
as
surprising
our
holidaymaker
in
Spain
six
years
later,
this
ability
can
be
used
for
a
very
practical
purpose
indeed.
【答案】56.
suddenly
57.
mad
58.
appearnaces
59.
opposite
60.
develop
61.
help
62.
ordinary
【解析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述什么是超级识别者，虽然以前见过一面，现在你的外形发生改变了，但是他们能让能认出你，这是天生的技能，最后讲述这一技能可以帮助警察指认罪犯。这种能力确实有非常实用的地方。
【56题详解】
句意：你走在拥挤的大街上，突然一个完全陌生的人让你停下来并说：“嗨!六年前你在西班牙南部的海滩上”。
根据句意可知，空处用副词修饰整个句子。表示“突然有人让你停下来”。suddenly突然，故答案为suddenly。
【57题详解】
句意：这个陌生人不是疯了。
根据空前系动词is以及副词necessary可知，空处用形容词。mad疯的，故答案为mad。
【58题详解】
句意：皱眉、新的眼镜以及化妆给了他们新的外貌，但是这个超级识别者仍然能够认出他们。
根据空前形容词new可知，空处用名词，且根据People
change,
get
different
hair
styles,
dye
their
hair
or
go
grey“人们会变，会有不同的发型，会把头发染成灰色”可知，表示的是新的外貌，appearance外貌，根据them可知，用复数，故答案为appearances。
【59题详解】
句意：尽管科学家们很早就知道大约2%的人患有脸盲症，这意味着他们在识别人脸方面有很大的困难，但他们只是刚刚意识到有些人恰恰相反。
根据空前exact可知，空处用名词，根据Tests
have
shown
that
a
“super
-
recogniser”
can
identify
people
that
they
only
saw
for
a
brief
moment“测试表明，超级识别者可以识别那些他们只看了不一会儿的人”可知，表示“他们与脸盲症的人完全相反”。opposite相反，故答案为opposite。
【60题详解】
句意：测试表明，超级识别者可以识别那些他们只看了不一会儿的人。这不是我们能够培养的能力，这是我们天生具有的一些东西。
根据空前can可知，空处用动词原形，且根据it’s
something
we
are
born
with“这是我们天生具有的东西”可知，这种能力不能培养。develop培养，故答案为develop。
【61题详解】
句意：一个很大的帮助。
根据空前great可知，空处用名词。且根据The
police
are
starting
to
use
“super
-
recognisers”
to
spot
criminal
faces
in
videos
of
crowds“警方开始用超级识别者在人群视频中识别罪犯的面孔”可知，可以帮助警察识别罪犯，所以表示“很大的帮助”，help帮助，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故答案为help。
【62题详解】
句意：他们寻找的是有特定体型和面部特征的人，比如络腮胡子和八字胡，但他们甚至可以识别根本没有明显特征的非常普通的人。
根据空前quite以及空后people可知，空处用形容词，且根据with
no
noticeable
features
at
all“一点也没有值得注意的特征”可知，表示“普通的”。ordinary普通的，故答案为ordinary。
2020闵行一模
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
I
don’t
believe
it!
It’s
11p.m.
and
I’m
still
sitting
here
writing
this
article
for
the
school
magazine
!I’ve
had
two
weeks
to
write
it
and
my
teacher
wants
it
tomorrow
.
She’s
always
c____56____
that
I
leave
things
to
the
last
minute.
Maybe
she’s
right.
A
month
ago,
I
made
up
my
mind
to
be
more
efficient
this
year
and
not
to
leave
thing
to
the
last
minute.
But
I’ve
failed.
I’ve
also
been
trying
to
get
fitter
for
four
weeks
now.
I’ve
started
going
to
the
gym.
I’ve
taken
up
karate
lessons
and
I’ve
changed
my
diet.
I’ve
even
been
going
to
bed
earlier.
But
I’m
not
feeling
any
fitter.
I
felt
just
a
little
u____57____.
I
miss
my
bad
habits.
Why
is
leading
a
better
life
so
hard?
I’ve
just
read
an
article
on
a
website
and
I’ve
found
out
that
it
isn’t
my
fault!
In
fact,
it
isn’t
anyone’s
fault!
It’s
our
brains.
They’re
programmed,
therefore,
it
is
difficult
to
break
bad
habits.
There’s
nothing
we
can
do
.
Scientists
have
done
experiments
that
show
we
use
one
part
of
our
brain
when
we
think
about
o____58____and
another
when
we
think
about
other
people.
However,
when
we
think
about
the
‘future
us’,
we
use
the
part
of
the
brain
that
we
usually
use
to
think
about
other
people.
In
other
words,
the
brain
sees
the
‘future
you’
as
a
different
person
to
your
‘present
you
’.
And
that’s
why
we
don’t
always
find
it
easy
to
make
sensible
d____59____
in
the
future
when
we
face
difficulties.
But
that’s
not
all.
Scientists
have
also
found
out
that
it
takes
around
ten
weeks
to
form
a
good
habit.
For
example
,
if
I
want
to
keep
fit,
it’s
going
to
take
me
ten
weeks
to
go
to
the
gym
and
then
it
will
become
an
automatic
part
of
my
life.
That’s
because
ten
weeks
is
the
amount
of
time
the
brain
needs
to
change
and
a____60____new
ways
of
behavior
as
a
part
of
everyday
life.
The
good
news
is
that
once
you
make
it
to
ten
weeks,
everything
becomes
much
easier.
The
bad
news
is
that
ten
weeks
is
a
really
long
time,
so
it’s
easy
to
give
up
on
（打消）your
good
plan
s_____61_____
So
there
you
are.
Maybe
we
want
to
change
our
ways
and
become
better
people
but
our
brains
won’t
let
us
.
or
is
this
just
an
e____62____?
Look!
I’ve
finished
my
article
on
time.
Anything
is
possible!
【答案】56.
complaining
57.
unhappier
58.
ourselves
59.
decisions
60.
accept
61.
soon
62.
excuse
【解析】这是一篇议论文，作者分析了习惯为什么不容易被改变。
【56题详解】
句意：她总是抱怨我把事情留到最后一刻。
根据关键词“always”以及句子“I
leave
things
to
the
last
minute”把事情留到最后一刻。可知总是在埋怨我的做法。故此空格需要填写complain，但是在句子中已有be动词的形式，故答案为complaining。
【57题详解】
句意：我只是感觉有点不开心。
根据“I’ve
also
been
trying
to
get
fitter
for
four
weeks
now.
I’ve
started
going
to
the
gym.
I’ve
taken
up
karate
lessons
and
I’ve
changed
my
diet.
I’ve
even
been
going
to
bed
earlier.
But
I’m
not
feeling
any
fitter.”
四周以来，我一直在努力变得更健康。我已经开始去健身房了。我上了空手道课，改变了饮食。我甚至更早就睡觉了，但是我感觉没有什么改变。可知自己做了那么多而没有变化而不高兴。根据“But
I’m
not
feeling
any
fitter”此句用到了比较级，故答案为unhappier。
【58题详解】
句意：当我们想到自己时，我们使用大脑的一部分，当我们想到别人时，我们使用另一部分。
根据“However,
when
we
think
about
the
‘future
us’,
we
use
the
part
of
the
brain
that
we
usually
use
to
think
about
other
people.”
然而，当我们想到“未来的我们”时，我们使用大脑中通常用来思考别人的部分。根据句子中的“other
people”，可推测出与空格中的词是对应词，应填“ourselves”。故答案为ourselves。
【59题详解】
句意：这就是为什么当我们面临困难时，我们并不总是容易做出明智的决定的原因。
根据“the
brain
sees
the
‘future
you’
as
a
different
person
to
your
‘present
you
’.”
大脑将“未来的你”视为与“现在的你”不同的人。可推测，就因为这样，我们并不总是容易做出明智的决定（make
sensitive
decision）的原因
。故答案为decisions。
【60题详解】
句意：那是因为，作为日常生活当中的一部分，十周是一定量的时间，需要我们的大脑改变和接受新行为的方式。
根据“Scientists
have
also
found
out
that
it
takes
around
ten
weeks
to
form
a
good
habit.”
科学家还发现，形成一个好习惯需要大约十周的时间。可推测：十周的时间是个考验，是我们改变和接受新行为的时间。故答案为accept。
【61题详解】
句意：很快打消你的好计划是很容易的。
根据“The
bad
news
is
that
ten
weeks
is
a
really
long
time.”坏消息是，十周真的很长。可推测到因为时间长，不容易坚持，我们的好计划很快（soon）就被打消。故答案为soon。
【62题详解】
句意：也许我们想改变我们的方式，成为更好的人，但是我们的大脑不让我们这样做。或者说，这只是一个借口吗？根据课文可知，不是大脑，而是我们的习惯阻止我们改变，说是大脑的原因，只是个借口。故答案为excuse。
2020徐汇一模
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):
If
you
have
ever
had
trouble
doing
things
you
should
do
or
would
like
to
do,
you
have
experienced
procrastination(拖延症).
When
you
procrastinate,
instead
of
working
on
important
meaningful
tasks,
you
find
yourself
performing
meaningless
activities.
If
you
are
a
procrastinator,
perhaps
you
spend
lots
of
time
watching
TV,
playing
video
games,
checking
Facebook,
eating,
cleaning
or
walking
back
and
forth
through
the
room.
Afterwards,
you
feel
powerless
and
have
the
f___56___
of
guilt
and
trouble.
Once
again,
you
end
up
doing
nothing.
Sound
familiar?
L___57___
people
don’t
do
anything
and
are
just
fine
with
it.
Procrastinators,
however,
want
to
actually
do
something
but
can’t
force
themselves
to
s___58___.
Another
fact
about
procrastination
is
that
it
is
d___59___
from
relaxation.
Relaxing
recharges
you
with
energy.
But
procrastination
makes
you
not
energetic.
The
less
energy
you
have,
the
greater
the
chances
of
you
putting
off
your
responsibilities,
and,
once
more,
you
will
achieve
nothing.
My
dad
always
used
to
say,
“Peter,
you
need
to
learn
how
to
give
yourself
orders.”
I
would
always
answer,
“I
tell
myself
what
to
do,
I
just
don’t
listen.”
Most
likely,
failure
of
the
ability
to
listen
to
o___60___
is
the
main
reason.
The
scientific
name
of
this
ability
is
self-regulation.
Self-regulation
is
the
ability
to
actively
control
your
emotions.
The
more
developed
this
ability
is,
the
more
often
you
will
do
what
you
tell
yourself
to
do.
Good
news
is
it
is
possible
to
have
self-regulation
by
t___61___.
You
need
to
begin
by
setting
the
bar
as
low
as
possible.
Creating
habits
isn’t
about
quantity;
it’s
about
small
steps
and
regular
repetition.
Once
you
learn
a
new
habit,
you
can
exercise
your
willpower
muscle(肌肉).
As
you
s___62___
raise
the
bar,
your
willpower
will
gain
strength
day
by
day.
Gradual
changes
are
more
pleasant
than
sudden,
great
changes.
Therefore
bigger
success
can
be
made.
【答案】56.
feeling
57.
Lazy
58.
start
59.
different
60.
ourselves
61.
training
62.
slowly
【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了拖延症的一些表现，并指出为了克服拖延症，可以进行自我管理，自我管理要从小目标开始，逐步的变化比突如其来的大变化更令人愉悦。
【56题详解】
句意：然后你会觉得无力，并有罪恶和麻烦的感觉。
题干中“guilt
and
trouble”都是感觉的一种，结合首字母f可推出用feeling表示“感觉”。故答案为feeling。
【57题详解】
句意：懒人不做任何事情，且感觉良好。
结合题干中“don’t
do
anything”及首字母L可推出此处用Lazy表示“懒惰的”。故答案为Lazy。
【58题详解】
句意：然而拖延症患者确实想要做些事情，但是不能强迫自己开始。
结合句意“然而拖延症患者确实想要做些事情，但是不能强迫自己___”及首字母s可推出此处用start表示“开始”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故答案为start。
【59题详解】
句意：另一个关于拖延症的事实是，它与放松不同。
根据下文中“Relaxing
recharges
you
with
energy.
But
procrastination
makes
you
not
energetic.”可知拖延症不同于放松，结合首字母d可知此处用different表示“不同的”。故答案为different。
【60题详解】
句意：大概，没有听从我们自己的能力是主要原因。
根据下文中“The
scientific
name
of
this
ability
is
self-regulation.”可推出此处是说“听从我们自己”；结合首字母o可知要用ourselves表示“我们自己”。故答案为ourselves。
【61题详解】
句意：好消息是通过训练拥有自我管理能力是可能的。
结合下文中“You
need
to
begin
by
setting
the
bar
as
low
as
possible.”及首字母t可推出此处是说通过训练拥有自我管理能力，用train表示“训练”，by后接动名词形式training。故答案为training。
【62题详解】
句意：随着你慢慢增加目标，你的意志力讲一天天增加力量。
根据上文中“it’s
about
small
steps
and
regular
repetition”及下文“day
by
day”可推出此处是说“慢慢增加目标”；结合首字母s可推出用副词slowly表示“缓慢地”，修饰动词raise。故答案为slowly。英语学科讲义
知识梳理：
首字母填空专项训练
一、首字母填空解题技巧：
1.
通读短文，了解大意；
2.
判断句子成分；
3.
确定空格单词词性；
4.
联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；
5.
通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题；
二、解题技巧详解
从句子成分角度分析
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。
对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。
【随堂测练1】
The
I________
brings
us
closer
than
before.
Doing
some
r________
before
the
test
is
necessary.
Three
r________
happened
yesterday.
But
today
all
the
robbers
have
been
caught
by
the
police.
The
children
are
all
working
in
the
classroom.
Some
of
them
are
cleaning
the
windows
and
o_______
are
sweeping
the
floor.?
此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。
eg:
The
rich
are
not
always
happy.
句中the
rich
指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。
对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。
【随堂测练2】
My
mum
always
e________
me
to
be
a
brave
boy
when
I
was
young.
This
kind
of
new
mobile
phone
costs
so
much
that
I
can
hardly
a________
one.
Knowing
more
than
one
language
i
________
your
knowledge
of
other
cultures.
The
students
in
our
school
always
c________
about
the
food.
时态:
一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式
一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式
现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式
现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式
对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。
【随堂测练3】
The
doctors
are
busy
o________
on
the
seriously
injured
man
at
the
moment.
If
you
feel
nervous,
take
a
deep
b________
and
I'm
sure
you'll
feel
better.
He
had
to
make
a
c________
between
studying
in
Shanghai
and
going
abroad.
If
you
meet
with
any
d________,
you
can
ask
me
for
help.
对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词,
介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
【随堂测练4】
He
is
p________
of
his
daughter,
for
she
always
gets
A
grades
in
all
subjects.
The
sick
man
is
getting
w________.
Maybe
he
will
die
soon.
Such
cold
weather
is
quite
u________
in
May
and
people
have
to
wear
warm
clothes
again.
She
was
a________
a
big
prize
for
her
hard
work.
对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
【随堂测练5】
I’ve
been
used
to
the
c________
weather
in
London.
The
visit
to
Chongming
Island
was
really
u________,
it
left
us
a
sweet
memory.
That’s
only
my
p________
opinion.
Everyone
is
welcome
to
share
yours.
The
French
artist
said,
“It
is
my
f_______
time
to
visit
Shanghai.
I
love
this
city
so
much.”
对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成
to
do
,doing
或
done
的形式。
【随堂测练6】
The
old
lady
could
hardly
believe
that
she
had
got
the
travel
pass
to
Hong
Kong
so
e________.
She
remembered
it
was
hard.
I
thought
I
was
wrong.
A________,
it
is
a
wise
decision.
B________,
you
need
to
make
up
a
story.
Can
you
write
your
own
one?
As
you
climb,
your
partner
pulls
you
climbing
rope
t________
something
called
a?belay
device?(绳索控制器).
对连词的判断:并列连词and,
but,
or,
so
,
not
only…but
also,
either
…or,
neither…nor,
as
well
as,
both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;
从属连词although/though
/because/
if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。
【随堂测练7】
Work
harder,
a________
you’ll
make
great
progress
in
English.
My
job
is
to
protect
the
innocent
as
well
a________
find
the
guilty.
A
________Walt
Disney
made
many
of
his
most
famous
movies
many
years
ago,
they
are
as
popular
now
as
they
were
when
he
made
them.
You
will
fail
in
the
exam
u
________
you
study
harder
than
before.
其他做题思路：
依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
如:W
________
his
help,
the
old
man
was
safe.
The
boy
thanked
him
very
much.
从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”，
with
his
help.
依据语法知识进行填词：
如:
These
people
often
have
thin
walls
which
can’t
s
________
the
noise
from
next
door.
根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop…
from”，所以填stop。
依据常识的积累进行填词：
如:But
it
was
too
late.
His
friend
was
very
angry.
Mr.
White
said
nothing
but
only
one
word
“S________.”
Mr.
White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S?????????
.”
我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.
依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
如：One
Sunday
afternoon,
Mr.
White
drove
his
new
car
to
his
friend’s
house
happily.
He
wanted
to
p
________?his
friend
up
at
five
and
then
went
to
see
a
new
movie
together.
根据句意，Mr.
White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进
行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
三、通关秘籍：
四、典型案例分析：
2018年静安区二模
There’s
no
place
like
home
Some
people
dream
of
having
a
home
‘just
like
the
ones
in
decorating
magazines’.
That
sort
of
beautifully
stylish
home
may
be
n
81
,
but
for
a
truly
special
place
to
live,
why
not
choose
a
home
unlike
any
other
in
the
neighbourhood?
The
unique(独一无二的)
houses
on
these
pages
challenge
people
to
reconsider
what
a
home
is
s
82
to
look
like.
Environmentally
friendly
homes
are
getting
a
lot
of
a
83
these
days.
Earthships,
for
example,
are
unusual
homes
made
from
materials
like
mud,
straw
and
reused
wood.
The
designers
of
earthships
combine
these
natural
materials
with
recycled
i
84
,
such
as
bottles,
cans
and
old
tyres.
These
homes
show
their
belief
that,
when
it
comes
to
saving
the
environment,
‘if
you
aren’t
part
of
the
solution,
you’re
part
of
the
problem.’
Additionally
many
of
these
homes
use
wind
or
solar
power.
They
are
designed
to
collect
and
recycle
water,
and
the
people
who
live
in
them
often
add
a
greenhouse
in
which
to
grow
food.
As
a
result,
if
you
live
in
an
earthship,
your
monthly
living
costs
will
d
85
to
almost
zero.
For
people
who
want
to
try
one
out,
the
Phoenix
Earthship
in
the
US
is
available
as
holiday
accommodation(住宿).
Shipping
containers
are
now
being
reused
to
make
a
86
type
of
environmentally
friendly
home.
A
number
of
architects
have
started
changing
individual
containers
into
holiday
homes.
Alternatively
they
can
be
combined
to
make
office
blocks
and
blocks
of
flats,
such
as
those
Container
City
in
London,
England.
With
all
of
the
examples
of
imaginative
homes,
it
is
clear
that
people
no
longer
need
to
settle
for
ordinary
living
spaces.
One
thing
is
sure:
people
living
in
homes
that
look
as
s
87
as
these
never
have
to
give
anyone
their
address.
They
can
just
say,
‘Look
for
the
weird
house.
You
will
know
it
when
you
see
it.’
强化练习：
(基础篇)
2018年普陀区二模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
When
children
play
games,
they
don’t
need
a
referee(裁判).
They
have
their
own
rules
in
playing
games.
They
seldom
find
it
necessary
to
keep
scores
because
they
don’t
worry
about
who
wins
or
loses.
They
even
don’t
c
81
if
the
game
is
not
finished.
Yet,
they
like
games
that
depend
a
lot
on
luck,
so
that
their
a
82
are
not
so
important.
They
also
enjoy
games
that
move
in
stages
in
which
they
choose
leaders
and
pick
up
sides.
Grown-ups
r
83
find
children’s
games
exciting,
and
they
often
feel
puzzled
at
why
their
kids
play
such
simple
games
again
and
again.
However,
it
is
found
that
a
child
plays
games
for
some
important
r
84
.
He
can
be
a
good
player
without
having
to
think
whether
he
is
a
popular
person,
and
he
can
find
himself
being
a
u
85
partner
to
someone
who
is
more
popular
in
real
life.
When
it
is
his
turn
to
be
the
leader,
everyone
follows
his
orders.
This
makes
him
feel
more
c
86
.
It
seems
that
when
children
play
a
game,
they
i
87
a
situation
under
their
control.
Unlike
real
life,
in
this
situation
they
make
the
rules
themselves,
and
more
importantly,
everyone
plays
according
to
the
rules.
Those
rules
may
be
childish,
but
they
make
sure
that
every
child
has
a
chance
to
win.
(2)
2018年虹口区二模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
The
rise
of
the
Emoji(表情符号)
Happy,
angry,
amazed－these
are
some
of
the
emotions
we
like
to
express
these
days
when
we’re
sending
a
message
on
our
mobile
phones.
We’re
also
using
them
as
a
quick
way
of
telling
someone
how
we’re
f________(81).
Yes,
emojis
have
become
a
very
important
tool
for
communication.
Let’s
clear
one
thing
up
first－there
are
emojis
and
emoticons.
The
latter
are
little
images
which
are
made
using
normal
keys
on
a
keyboard.
For
example,
a
colon(冒号),
two
dots,
followed
by
a
close
bracket(右括号)
is
a
“smiley
face”.
But
as
technology
has
improved,
many
images
have
been
created
and
they
can
be
simply
a________(82)
to
your
messages,
which
is
great!
The
emoji
was
first
invented
in
Japan
in
the
late
1990s
and
the
word
“emoji”
comes
from
the
Japanese
words
for
“picture”
and
“character”.
The
number
of
different
images
has
greatly
i________(83)
since
then.
Now
we
have
a
picture
of
every
mood
or
situation.
Another
a________(84)
of
emojis
is
that
they
are
an
international
language－they
don’t
use
word
but
tell
a
message
in
pictorial
form
so
they
can
be
e________(85)
translated
whatever
your
native
language
is.
However,
the
emojis
you
send
need
some
thought
as
they
can
sometimes
be
misunderstood.
If
a
friend
sends
you
an
emoji
of
a
hammer(锤),
you
may
think
he
is
angry
when
really
he
is
s________(86)
he
has
hurt!
But
as
Linguist
Neil
Cohn
says,
“To
many,
emojis
are
an
exciting
development
of
the
way
we
communicate;
to
others,
they
are
linguistic
decline(语言的衰退).”
It
shows
there
is
a
lot
more
to
our
communication
than
words
a________(87),
but
does
this
mean
the
decline
in
traditional
writing?
(3)
2018年长宁区二模
C.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
(14分)
I
rely
a
lot
on
my
phone
to
help
me
when
I
study
in
America.
Here
are
some
of
the
most
useful
apps
I
have
used
but
never
paid
for!
Calendar
All
phones
come
with
an
inbuilt
calendar
app.
I’ve
found
myself
using
the
app
quite
a
lot
recently.
It
is
important
to
know
your
date
when
p
81
a
weekend
away.
It
is
also
comforting
to
check
the
app
when
I’m
feeling
homesick
–it
helps
to
remind
me
that
I
will
be
home
soon,
so
I
should
make
the
most
of
my
time
a
82
.
Google
Translate
It’s
that
moment
when
the
word
is
on
the
tip
of
your
tongue,
but
you
just
can’t
r
83
it!
Don’t
worry;
Google
Translate
can
lend
you
a
hand!
Just
make
sure
you
double-check
if
you
are
translating
longer
texts,
as
the
software
does
make
some
very
humorous
m
84
!
Gmail
Personally,
I
really
like
the
Gmail
app
because
it
automatically
puts
emails,
based
on
different
items,
into
different
categories.
The
important
mail
goes
straight
to
my
inbox
(信箱),
while
l
85
important
mail
is
put
into
other
categories.
Headspace
After
an
exhausting
day
of
work,
I
needed
a
way
to
help
calm
and
focus
my
mind.
This
is
how
I
found
Headspace.
Sign
up
for
free
to
try
some
easy
meditations
(冥想)
–
they
only
take
ten
minutes.
I’ve
found
them
a
great
way
to
relax
a
86
a
stressful
day.
Trip
Advisor
When
exploring
a
new
town,
it’s
good
to
know
the
best
places
to
eat
and
the
most
interesting
attractions
to
see.
I
always
turn
to
Trip
Advisor
for
information.
Here,
you
can
find
hotels,
restaurants
and
attractions
which
are
l
87
together
with
other
visitors’
ratings
(等级)
and
comments.
It
makes
it
a
lot
easier
to
choose
a
good
hotel.
(4)
2018年黄浦区二模
C.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的
词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）
Grades
are
important,
but
they
are
not
the
only
measure.
I
have
come
to
understand
that
exam
grades
are
not
the
only
purpose
of
schools,
and
grades
a
81
are
not
enough.
Studies
show
that
some
of
the
high-flying
students
have
troubled
lives,
finding
it
difficult
to
get
good
jobs
or
become
great
parents
or
partners.
A
82
graduation,
students
come
to
realize
what
they
have
learned
at
school
has
not
really
prepared
them
for
the
next
step.
Increasingly,
teachers
are
getting
to
know
the
idea
of
“learning
from
our
failures.”
If
you’ve
never
failed
at
anything,
you’ve
certainly
never
t
83
anything
new.
Exam
grades
are
important
and
we
encourage
all
students
to
aim
high
and
to
do
well.
But
they
don’t
m
84
success.
I
once
asked
my
students
to
consider
the
chef
Gordon
Ramsay,
and
how
he
became
so
successful.
They
were
surprised
to
find
that
he
didn’t
have
a
good
performance
at
school
and
he
didn’t
s
85
become
a
great
chef.
In
an
interview,
he
explained
that
he
worked
long
hours
for
very
little
money,
learning
everything
he
could.
He
took
chances
even
if
they
seemed
i
86
.
He
made
mistakes
but
he
cheered
himself
up
and
moved
forward.
His
success
didn’t
come
from
grades,
it
came
from
his
character:
courage,
effort
and
confidence.
We
should
develop
social
skills
through
the
whole
school
as
an
important
p
87
of
learning.
This
is
why
there
is
a
focus
on
performance,
sport
and
other
activities.
These
life
skills
will
work
hand-in-hand
with
knowledge
to
enable
students
to
do
well
in
their
future
life.
小结：
课后作业：
(提高篇)
2020杨浦一模
C.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words
（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
A
rare
experience
Imagine
the
situation.
You’re
walking
down
the
crowded
high
street
and
s___56___
a
complete
stranger
stops
you
and
says,
“Hi!
You
were
on
the
beach
in
the
south
of
Spain
six
years
ago.
How
are
you
doing?”
This
stranger
isn’t
necessarily
m
___57___
.
He
or
she
might
be
a
“super
-
recogniser”.
These
are
people
who
have
the
unusual
ability
to
recognise
people
they
have
seen
only
once
--
a
long
time
ago,
maybe
in
a
crowed.
Whatever
the
differences
in
looks
It
doesn’t
matter
what
the
person
looks
like
now.
People
change,
get
different
hair
styles,
dye
their
hair
or
go
grey.
Wrinkles,
new
glasses
and
makeups
give
them
new
a___58___
,
but
the
“super
-
recognisers”
can
still
recognise
them.
An
inborn
skill
Although
scientists
have
known
for
a
long
time
that
about
2%
of
people
suffer
from
face
-
blindness,
which
means
that
they
have
huge
problems
recognising
faces,
they
are
only
new
realising
that
some
people
are
the
exact
o
___59___
.Tests
have
shown
that
a
“super
-
recogniser”
can
identify
people
that
they
only
saw
for
a
brief
moment
--
and
this
is
not
an
ability
that
we
can
d____60____
,
it’s
something
we
are
born
with.
A
great
h
___61___
The
police
are
starting
to
use
“super
-
recognisers”
to
spot
criminal
faces
in
videos
of
crowds.
They
look
for
people
with
a
specific
build
and
facial
features
like
beards
and
moustaches
but
they
can
even
recognise
quite
o___62___people,
with
no
noticeable
features
at
all.
As
well
as
surprising
our
holidaymaker
in
Spain
six
years
later,
this
ability
can
be
used
for
a
very
practical
purpose
indeed.
2020闵行一模
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
I
don’t
believe
it!
It’s
11p.m.
and
I’m
still
sitting
here
writing
this
article
for
the
school
magazine
!I’ve
had
two
weeks
to
write
it
and
my
teacher
wants
it
tomorrow
.
She’s
always
c____56____
that
I
leave
things
to
the
last
minute.
Maybe
she’s
right.
A
month
ago,
I
made
up
my
mind
to
be
more
efficient
this
year
and
not
to
leave
thing
to
the
last
minute.
But
I’ve
failed.
I’ve
also
been
trying
to
get
fitter
for
four
weeks
now.
I’ve
started
going
to
the
gym.
I’ve
taken
up
karate
lessons
and
I’ve
changed
my
diet.
I’ve
even
been
going
to
bed
earlier.
But
I’m
not
feeling
any
fitter.
I
felt
just
a
little
u____57____.
I
miss
my
bad
habits.
Why
is
leading
a
better
life
so
hard?
I’ve
just
read
an
article
on
a
website
and
I’ve
found
out
that
it
isn’t
my
fault!
In
fact,
it
isn’t
anyone’s
fault!
It’s
our
brains.
They’re
programmed,
therefore,
it
is
difficult
to
break
bad
habits.
There’s
nothing
we
can
do
.
Scientists
have
done
experiments
that
show
we
use
one
part
of
our
brain
when
we
think
about
o____58____and
another
when
we
think
about
other
people.
However,
when
we
think
about
the
‘future
us’,
we
use
the
part
of
the
brain
that
we
usually
use
to
think
about
other
people.
In
other
words,
the
brain
sees
the
‘future
you’
as
a
different
person
to
your
‘present
you
’.
And
that’s
why
we
don’t
always
find
it
easy
to
make
sensible
d____59____
in
the
future
when
we
face
difficulties.
But
that’s
not
all.
Scientists
have
also
found
out
that
it
takes
around
ten
weeks
to
form
a
good
habit.
For
example
,
if
I
want
to
keep
fit,
it’s
going
to
take
me
ten
weeks
to
go
to
the
gym
and
then
it
will
become
an
automatic
part
of
my
life.
That’s
because
ten
weeks
is
the
amount
of
time
the
brain
needs
to
change
and
a____60____new
ways
of
behavior
as
a
part
of
everyday
life.
The
good
news
is
that
once
you
make
it
to
ten
weeks,
everything
becomes
much
easier.
The
bad
news
is
that
ten
weeks
is
a
really
long
time,
so
it’s
easy
to
give
up
on
（打消）your
good
plan
s_____61_____
So
there
you
are.
Maybe
we
want
to
change
our
ways
and
become
better
people
but
our
brains
won’t
let
us
.
or
is
this
just
an
e____62____?
Look!
I’ve
finished
my
article
on
time.
Anything
is
possible!
2020徐汇一模
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):
If
you
have
ever
had
trouble
doing
things
you
should
do
or
would
like
to
do,
you
have
experienced
procrastination(拖延症).
When
you
procrastinate,
instead
of
working
on
important
meaningful
tasks,
you
find
yourself
performing
meaningless
activities.
If
you
are
a
procrastinator,
perhaps
you
spend
lots
of
time
watching
TV,
playing
video
games,
checking
Facebook,
eating,
cleaning
or
walking
back
and
forth
through
the
room.
Afterwards,
you
feel
powerless
and
have
the
f___56___
of
guilt
and
trouble.
Once
again,
you
end
up
doing
nothing.
Sound
familiar?
L___57___
people
don’t
do
anything
and
are
just
fine
with
it.
Procrastinators,
however,
want
to
actually
do
something
but
can’t
force
themselves
to
s___58___.
Another
fact
about
procrastination
is
that
it
is
d___59___
from
relaxation.
Relaxing
recharges
you
with
energy.
But
procrastination
makes
you
not
energetic.
The
less
energy
you
have,
the
greater
the
chances
of
you
putting
off
your
responsibilities,
and,
once
more,
you
will
achieve
nothing.
My
dad
always
used
to
say,
“Peter,
you
need
to
learn
how
to
give
yourself
orders.”
I
would
always
answer,
“I
tell
myself
what
to
do,
I
just
don’t
listen.”
Most
likely,
failure
of
the
ability
to
listen
to
o___60___
is
the
main
reason.
The
scientific
name
of
this
ability
is
self-regulation.
Self-regulation
is
the
ability
to
actively
control
your
emotions.
The
more
developed
this
ability
is,
the
more
often
you
will
do
what
you
tell
yourself
to
do.
Good
news
is
it
is
possible
to
have
self-regulation
by
t___61___.
You
need
to
begin
by
setting
the
bar
as
low
as
possible.
Creating
habits
isn’t
about
quantity;
it’s
about
small
steps
and
regular
repetition.
Once
you
learn
a
new
habit,
you
can
exercise
your
willpower
muscle(肌肉).
As
you
s___62___
raise
the
bar,
your
willpower
will
gain
strength
day
by
day.
Gradual
changes
are
more
pleasant
than
sudden,
great
changes.
Therefore
bigger
success
can
be
made.
