被动语态

(共52张PPT)
一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态
We speak English.
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾变主,主变宾,前加by
动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp
主动语态
被动语态
主变被解题步骤:
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
are
were
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
made
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
by them.
Tom broke the window.

The window was broken by Tom.
Tom broke the windows.

The windows were broken by Tom.
He broke the windows.

The windows were broken by him.
一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ;
be going to be done
当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done
1.They make shoes in that factory.
主语+及物动词+宾语
Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.
一般现在时：
S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词
He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.
The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.
We call the snowman Mr Strong.
The snowman is called Mr Strong.
We usually hear him play in the next room.
He is usually heard to play in the next room.
2. They bought ten computers last term．
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.
一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词
He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.
His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.
Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.
4．Aby can take good care of Tina ．
Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
He can carry the basket easily.
The basket can be easily carried by him.
They can sing some beautiful songs.
Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.
“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .
“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.
3.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them)
in ten days.
一般将来时：
S+ will+be+过去分词
They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.
An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.
Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.
现在进行时：
S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词
They are holding a sports meeting now.
A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.
We have made twenty more keys．
Twenty more keys have been made by us.
现在完成时：
S+ have/has + been+过去分词
Workers have built the house since two years ago.
The house has been built since two years ago.
We had received many letters by the end of last week.
Many letters had been received by the end of last week.
They would have a party the next day.
A party would be had (by them) the next day.
1.People use knives for cutting things.
Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.
2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.
The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.
are used
are
cleaned
(变被动语态）
七嘴八舌
3.I found the ticket on the floor.
______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.
4.I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.
The ticket was found
was told
3. We found the ticket on the floor .
5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.
He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.
6.Now people can use computers to help them.
Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them.
was made to have
can be
used
7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year
_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time
8.Must we finish our work today
_______ our work______ _______ today
Were many trees planted
Must be finished
9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
we were given
were
given to us
10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.
Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.
11.In this factory women do most of the work.
Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory.
was asked
is done
12.He can mend the bike in two days.
The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.
13.You must take this medicine three times a day.
This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day.
can be mended
must be
taken
14.The students in this school study German.
German _______ ________ by the students in this school.
15.Do they often talk about this question
______ this question often _______ about _______ _______
is studied
Is
talked
by them
Answer right or wrong
1.必须照看好孩子们。
The children must be taken good care .( )
The children must be taken good care of .( )
2.这本书是鲁迅写的。
This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( )
This book was written by Lu Xun.( )
3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。
That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( )
That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )
W
R
W
R
W
R
4.这辆自行车能修吗？
Can this bike mended ( )
Can this bike be mended ( )
5.街道已由他们清理了。
The street has been cleaned by they.( )
The street has been cleaned by them.( )
W
R
W
R
动词短语的被动语态
take care of → be taken care of
cut down → be cut down
laugh at → be laughed at
look after → be looked after
They made shoes in that factory.
They will make shoes in that factory.
They would make shoes in that factory.
They can make shoes in that factory.
They have made shoes in that factory.
They had made shoes in that factory.
They are making shoes in that factory.
They were making shoes in that factory.
１
带复合宾语的被动语态结构．
（１）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.
Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.
Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.
watch let have
hear see notice
(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.
I saw him playing football at that moment.
He was seen playing football at that moment.
hear / watch /….
We often hear them sing this song.
They are often heard to sing this song (by us).
This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).
Bob sent Kate a letter last year.
=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.
=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.
tell ask bring write
give teach pass lend
…to
He told Jim a story.
Mum made me a new dress.
I was made a new dress by Mum.
A new dress was made for me by Mum.
make
buy
draw
…for
I bought my brother a book.
注意:
约翰打开了收音机。
John turned on the radio.
The radio was turned on.
奶奶照看我姐姐。
Grandma takes care of my sister.
My sister is taken care of by Grandma.
注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。
We must speak to old people politely.
Old people must be spoken to politely.
They said that he would come back soon.
It was said that he would come back soon.
类似的还有： It is reported /
believed /
hoped /
supposed that ......
We report
1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。
如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。
* Great changes have taken place in this city.
* That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.
2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态
have / fit
I have a TV set.
The coat fits me well.
3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。
【正】Look at the blackboard，please．
【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．
4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态
这鱼味道很好。
这条围巾摸上去很软。
The fish tastes good.
The scarf feels soft.
5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：
【正】You must look after yourself．
【误】Yourself must be looked after
4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。
这书很好卖。
这种布很好洗。
The book sells well.
This kind of cloth washes very well.
这书卖完了。
The book is sold out.
这块表需要修理一下。
The watch needs mending .
=The watch needs to be mended.
=We need to mend the watch.
want
Did he finish the work yesterday
Were the books taken away by the girl
Did the girl take away the books
Was the window broken by Tom ______ Tom______ the window
Did break
Was the work finished by him yesterday？
Do they often talk about this question
__ this question often _____ about ___ ___
Is
talked
by them
Doesn’t Bob clean the street every day
_______ the street _________ by Bob every day
Isn’t cleaned
He told us to get to school early.
Our parents ask us to stay at home at night.
We were told to get to school early by him.
We are asked to stay at home at night.
---Did you go to the party
---No, I ____________(invite)
wasn’t invited
The bridge ______________ in three weeks.
(finish)
You can go out if your homework ______(do)
will be finished
is done
This is one of the things that _________(see) that day.
were seen
When was PRC _________(found)
was seen
This is th only one of the things that _________(see) that day.
founded
You should get your shoes _______(wash)
washed