(共31张PPT)
概要写作
summary
What
is
a
summary?
A
summary
is
a
brief
statement
that
gives
only
the
main
points
of
something,
not
the
details.
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
1
考纲要求
1.
考纲要求
概要写作。提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右（少于40或多于80词扣两分）的内容概要。阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
3.上下文的连贯性；
4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。
2
写作特点
2.
写作特点
be
thorough
be
brief
restate/own
words
be
objective
3
写作步骤
分段
阅读
找要点
改写
修改
Read
two
or
three
times
to
find
the
structure.
Divide
the
whole
passage
into
several
parts
and
find
the
key
point
of
each
part.
Rewrite
the
key
points
by
using
your
own
words.
Polish
the
whole
passage.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60
词左右的内容概要。
We
shouldn’t
judge
a
person
by
their
appearance
but
we
do.
In
fact,
the
experts
say
that
when
we
meet
someone
for
the
first
time
we
make
a
decision
about
what
that
person
is
like
in
three
seconds.
But
what
do
we
look
at?
One
of
the
most
important
things
is
clothes,
but
it
isn't
the
brand
of
clothes
that
people
wear
that
is
important.
The
important
thing
is
to
wear
the
right
clothes
for
the
occasion.
Schools
have
always
understood
this
and
a
lot
of
them
ask
their
students
to
wear
a
uniform.
Why?
A
lot
of
teachers
think
a
uniform
makes
students
feel
that
they
are
part
of
their
school
and
that
their
uniform
helps
them
to
be
serious
about
their
studies.
Teachers
say
that
uniforms
can
help
in
other
ways
too.
If
all
the
students
wear
uniforms,
they
can't
judge
each
other
because
of
their
clothes.
It
also
avoids
arguments
about
who
or
what
is
fashionable.
However,
it
is
not
only
schools
that
want
people
to
dress
in
a
certain
way.
We
all
have
fixed
ideas
about
what
the
people
in
a
certain
profession
should
wear.
If
we
visit
a
doctor,
we
expect
to
see
respectable
clothes
under
the
doctor’s
white
coat.
When
we
go
into
a
bank
we
expect
the
staff
to
wear
suits
or
dresses.
Police
officers
wear
uniforms
to
deter
crime
by
establishing
a
visible
presence
while
on
patrol,
to
make
themselves
easily
identifiable
to
non-police
officers
or
their
colleagues
who
require
assistance,
and
to
quickly
identify
each
other
at
crime
scenes
for
ease
of
coordination.
In
fact,
a
lot
of
companies
have
dress
codes
for
their
staff
because
they
know
that
the
customers
expect
to
see
them
dressed
in
certain
types
of
clothes.
But
can
our
clothes
really
tell
people
what
we
are
like?
Maybe
not,
but
they
can
show
our
attitude
to
what
we
are
doing
at
the
moment.
When
people
see
us
in
the
right
clothes,
they
think
we
are
serious
about
what
we
are
doing.
Furthermore,
if
we
are
clean,
smart
and
polite,
people
will
have
confidence
in
us.
Para.1
Para.3
Para.2
Para.4
Before
writing:
Read
for
structure
and
key
points
Reading
for
Structure
How
many
parts
can
we
divide
the
passage?
Para
1：Part1→
topic
para2:
evidence/example
para3:
evidence/example
Part
2
supporting
details
para4:
Part3
→conclusion
How
to
Get
Key
Points?
topic
sentence
for
each
paragraph
Find:
the
first/
last
sentence/join
them
together
﹡
Summarize
in
your
own
words
Read
for
Key
Points
Para.1
We
shouldn’t
judge
a
person
by
their
appearance
but
we
do.
In
fact,
the
experts
say
that
when
we
meet
someone
for
the
first
time
we
make
a
decision
about
what
that
person
is
like
in
three
seconds.
But
what
do
we
look
at?
One
of
the
most
important
things
is
clothes,
but
it
isn't
the
brand
of
clothes
that
people
wear
that
is
important.
The
important
thing
is
to
wear
the
right
clothes
for
the
occasion.
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Point
1
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Read
for
Key
Points
Para.2
Schools
have
always
understood
this
and
a
lot
of
them
ask
their
students
to
wear
a
uniform.
Why?
A
lot
of
teachers
think
a
uniform
makes
students
feel
that
they
are
part
of
their
school
and
that
their
uniform
helps
them
to
be
serious
about
their
studies.
Teachers
say
that
uniforms
can
help
in
other
ways
too.
If
all
the
students
wear
uniforms,
they
can't
judge
each
other
because
of
their
clothes.
It
also
avoids
arguments
about
who
or
what
is
fashionable.
___________
____________________________________________________
1.
______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.
________________________________________________________
Point
2
_______________
3.
____________________________
____________
4.
_________________________
_________
benefits
Read
for
Key
Points
Para.
3
However,
it
is
not
only
schools
that
want
people
to
dress
in
a
certain
way.
We
all
have
fixed
ideas
about
what
the
people
in
a
certain
profession
should
wear.
If
we
visit
a
doctor,
we
expect
to
see
respectable
clothes
under
the
doctor’s
white
coat.
When
we
go
into
a
bank
we
expect
the
staff
to
wear
suits
or
dresses.
Police
officers
wear
uniforms
to
deter
crime
by
establishing
a
visible
presence
while
on
patrol,
to
make
themselves
easily
identifiable
to
non-police
officers
or
their
colleagues
who
require
assistance,
and
to
quickly
identify
each
other
at
crime
scenes
for
ease
of
coordination.
In
fact,
a
lot
of
companies
have
dress
codes
for
their
staff
because
they
know
that
the
customers
expect
to
see
them
dressed
in
certain
types
of
clothes.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
Point
3
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
Read
for
Key
Points
Para.4
But
can
our
clothes
really
tell
people
what
we
are
like?
Maybe
not,
but
they
can
show
our
attitude
to
what
we
are
doing
at
the
moment.
When
people
see
us
in
the
right
clothes,
they
think
we
are
serious
about
what
we
are
doing.
Furthermore,
if
we
are
clean,
smart
and
polite,
people
will
have
confidence
in
us.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Point
4
List
the
Key
Points
Para.
Key
points
1
It
is
important
to
wear
the
right
clothes
for
the
occasion.
2
Schools
ask
their
students
to
wear
a
uniform.
Why?
…
3
However,
it
is
not
only
schools
that
want
people
to
dress
in
a
certain
way.
We
all
have
fixed
ideas
about
what
the
people
in
a
certain
profession
should
wear
…a
doctor…a
bank
…Police
officers
…a
lot
of
companies
…
4
right
clothes
can
show
our
attitude
that
we
are
serious
about
what
we
are
doing..
Furthermore,
people
will
have
confidence
in
us.
After
reading:
restate
the
key
points
in
your
own
words
in
a
different
way
How
to
restate?
2.
use
synonyms
(同义词的运用)
3.
summarize
examples
(概括)
5.
combine
sentences
(合并句子)
4.
sometimes
change
the
voice
(主被动语态转换)
1.
change
the
sentence
structure
(句型转换)
Examples
of
restating
the
key
points
Key
point
1
The
important
thing
is
to
wear
the
right
clothes
for
the
occasion.
restate
①Wearing
right
clothes
for
occasions
is
significant.
②Since
judging
a
person
by
their
appearance
is
unavoidable,
wearing
proper
clothes
for
different
occasions
is
more
than
vital.
③Clothes
should
be
worn
suitably
for
different
occasions
Examples
of
restating
the
key
points
Key
point
2
Schools
ask
their
students
to
wear
a
uniform.
Why?
…
restate
①Students
are
required
to
wear
uniforms
for
various
benefits.
②Teachers
think
uniforms
can
make
student
serious
about
their
study
seriously
and
avoid
arguments.
③wearing
uniforms
at
school
can
help
students
become
serious
about
their
study
and
avoid
many
problems
Examples
of
restating
the
key
points
Key
point
3
However,
it
is
not
only
schools
that
want
people
to
dress
in
a
certain
way.
We
all
have
fixed
ideas
about
what
the
people
in
a
certain
profession
should
wear
…a
doctor…a
bank
…Police
officers
…a
lot
of
companies
…
restate
②
Different
jobs
need
different
clothes
for
customers'
expectations.
③
People
should
attach
importance
to
what
they
wear
in
certain
ways.
①
Different
professions
should
dress
themselves
in
certain
ways.
Examples
of
restating
the
key
points
Key
point
4
Right
clothes
can
show
our
attitude
that
we
are
serious
about
what
we
are
doing..
Furthermore,
people
will
have
confidence
in
us.
restate
②
Suitable
clothes
can
show
others
we
are
serious
and
confident.
③
Suitable
clothes
can
make
other
aware
of
our
seriousness
and
confidence.
①
Proper
clothes
can
present
our
attitudes
such
as
being
serious
and
confident.
After
writing:
Use
proper
conjunctions(连接词）
to
polish
your
passage.
Introduction:
The
passage/article
focuses
on/mainly
tells
us…
表转折：but,
however,
though,
although
表并列、递进：as
well
as,
in
addition
to,
not
only...but
also,
besides,
what’s
more,
furthermore,...
表对比：meanwhile,
on
the
other
hand,
on
the
contrary,
contrast
,...
表列举：firstly/secondly/finally/...
表原因：because
(of)
,due
to,
on
account
of,...;
for…
表举例：for
example/instance,
such
as,
and
so
on
Ending：therefore,
consequently,
In
short,
in
conclusion,
in
a
word…
使用合适的连接词
Sample：
The
article
mainly
tells
us
wearing
proper
clothes
is
important
for
people’s
first
impressions.(要点1)
For
example,
schools
require
students
to
wear
uniforms
for
various
benefits.(要点2)
Besides
schools,
other
places,
like
hospitals,
banks,
police
stations
and
some
companies
also
want
their
staffs
to
dress
in
uniforms
properly.
(要点3)
In
conclusion,
our
clothes
can
show
our
attitudes,
such
as
being
serious
and
having
confidence
.(要点4)
(62词)
some
mistakes
83
words
key
point
missing
Conclusion：
How
to
Write
a
Good
Summary?
仔细阅读文本：读结构、读主题句、读关键信息。
2.
用自己的语言表述文章的关键点，注意句子的语法结构和词汇的准确性，避免抄袭原句，不遗漏要点。(段落=要点)
3.
运用适当的连接词润色文章。
4.
关注所写概要的词数(共19张PPT)
Traffic
jam
What’s
the
writing
style
of
this
passage?
A.
Narration(记叙文)
B.
Argumentation(议论文)
C.
Exposition(说明文)
To
convince
the
readers
that
the
ideas
are
true
and
worth
considering.
To
inform
or
explain
an
opinion
by
providing
materials.
While
exposition
does
not
always
contain
argumentation,
argumentation
always
contains
exposition.
Para
1
Para
2
Para
3
Para
4
Traffic
jam
has
become
a
major
problem……
Why
is
traffic
jam
a
problem?
At
first…
In
addition…
Apart
from…
Traffic
jam
is
the
result
of
the
increasing
private
cars.
Traffic
jam
can
be
dealt
with
by
correct
means.
…maybe
a
means
in
the
meantime
first
reason
Anyway…
Step
one:
Find
out
key
information
Moreover…
Para
1
Para
2
Para
3
Para
4
Traffic
jam
has
become
a
major
problem……
structure
of
the
passage
Why
is
traffic
jam
a
problem?
At
first…
In
addition…
Apart
from…
Traffic
jam
is
the
result
of
the
increasing
private
cars.
Traffic
jam
can
be
dealt
with
by
correct
means.
…maybe
a
means
The
problem:
traffic
jam
The
effects
of
traffic
jam
The
reasons
of
traffic
jam(increasing
cars)
The
solutions
of
traffic
jam
first
reason
Anyway…
Moreover…
in
the
meantime
Structure
of
“Problem-Solution”
Passage
problem
reasons
solutions
Paragraph
1:
problem
At
present,
traffic
jam
has
become
a
major
problem
which
most
city
dwellers,
especially
those
who
live
in
metropolis
have
to
face
in
their
everyday
lives.
At
present,
traffic
jam
has
become
a
major
problem
which
most
city
dwellers
have
to
face.
at
present:
____________________________________________
a
major
problem:
_______________________________________
city
dwellers:
__________________________________________
face:
_________________________________________________
nowadays,
currently,
in
the
modern
society
a
main/key
problem
citizens,
residents
be
faced
with,
confront
Nowadays
traffic
jam
becomes
a
main
problem
which
citizens
have
to
confront.
Step
Two:
Rewrite
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
At
present,
traffic
jam
has
become
a
major
problem
which
most
city
dwellers
have
to
face.
Nowadays
traffic
jam
becomes
a
main
problem
which
citizens
have
to
confront.
At
present
city
dwellers
have
to
face
a
major
problem,
_______________.
the
traffic
jam
Traffic
jam
now
becomes
a(an)____________
problem
for
citizens.
unavoidable
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
At
first,
owing
to
the
fact
that
the
vehicles
keep
giving
off
harmful
gases
during
traffic
jams,
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer.
In
addition,
traffic
jams
will
affect
the
effectiveness
of
work,
because
people
have
to
spend
much
more
time
on
way
to
office
than
necessary,
and
their
work
will
be
delayed.
Apart
from
this,
traffic
jam
might
give
rise
to
more
traffic
accidents
and
therefore
becomes
a
great
danger
to
people’s
lives.
Paragraph
2:
effects
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Nowadays
traffic
jams
becomes
a
major
problem
_________
the
vehicles
release
harmful
gases
and
may
cause
accidents.
because
Because
it
has
caused
many
problems.
______________,
traffic
jam
leads
vehicles
to
release
more
harmful
gases,
_______(make)
the
earth
warmer.
_________________,
it
also
reduces
the
effectiveness
of
work.
On
one
hand
making
On
the
other
hand
Because
it
has
caused
many
problems
_________
leading
vehicles
to
release
more
harmful
gases,
reducing
the
work
efficiency
and
_____
threatening
people’s
lives.
such
as
even
Paragraph
3:
reasons
Traffic
jam
is
the
result
of
the
increasing
private
cars.
Why?
Personally
I
think,
the
first
reason
may
be
the
remoteness
of
people’s
workplace.
……Moreover,
owning
a
private
car,
…is
a
symbol
of
wealth
and
high
social
position…
is
also
the
symbol
of
independence
and
maturity.
Anyway,
owning
and
driving
cars
are
regarded
by
many
people
as
basic
human
rights.
The
increasing
private
cars
result
in
traffic
jam.
Traffic
jam
is
the
result
of
the
increasing
private
cars.
Why?
Personally
I
think,
the
first
reason
may
be
the
remoteness
of
people’s
workplace.
……Moreover,
owning
a
private
car,
…is
a
symbol
of
wealth
and
high
social
position…
is
also
the
symbol
of
independence
and
maturity.
Anyway,
owning
and
driving
cars
are
regarded
by
many
people
as
basic
human
rights.
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Paragraph
4:
solutions
undoubtedly:
______________________________________
deal
with:
_________________________________________
correct:
___________________________________________
means:
___________________________________________
without
doubt,
there
is
no
doubt
that
solve,
handle,
settle
effective,
practical,
proper,
appropriate
way,
method,
approach
Undoubtedly,
traffic
jam
must
be,
and
can
be
dealt
with
properly
by
correct
means.
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Paragraph
4:
solutions
Undoubtedly,
traffic
jam
must
be,
and
can
be
dealt
with
properly
by
correct
means.
In
my
view,
spending
more
money
on
public
transportation
systems
may
be
an
effective
means.
Needless
to
say,
policies
which
encourage
people
to
put
these
systems
to
full
use,
for
example,
giving
certain
subsidies,
are
necessary.
In
the
meantime,
measures
to
restrict
the
use
of
private
cars,
such
as
improving
the
taxes
on
cars
or
petrol,
should
be
taken.
It
can
be
properly
settled
________________________
_____________________________________________.
①It
can
be
properly
settled.
②spend
more
money
on
public
transportation
③restrict
the
use
of
private
cars
by
investing
more
on
public
transportation
and
limiting
the
use
of
private
cars
by
doing
In
order
to…
In
order
to
settle
the
problem,
government
should
invest
more
on
public
transportation
and
limit
the
use
of
private
cars.
from…
to…
Measures
should
be
taken
to
solve
the
problem
from…
to…
Measures
should
be
taken
to
solve
the
problem
from
investing
more
on
public
transportation
to
limiting
the
use
of
private
cars.
(such
as
…)
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
内容:
思维:
语言：
书写：
理解正确，要点齐全
逻辑清晰，上下文连贯
准确，地道，丰富
好概要的标准
卷面整洁，字迹优美
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Nowadays
traffic
jam
…..
Because
……
release
…
affect…
become
a
danger….
Actually
……
result
in
the
traffic
jam.
There
is
no
doubt
that
it’s
vital
to
take
measures…
Step
Three:
Combine
the
key
information
logically
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
leads
to
Nowadays
citizens
have
to
__________
(face)
the
traffic
jam.
It
not
only
_______(cause)
the
increase
of
waste
gases
but
also
affects
the
efficiency
of
work
and
____(even/still)
threatens
people’s
lives.
Actually,
___
___the
private
cars
_____
result
in
the
traffic
jams.
_____________
(Undoubtedly)
government
should
invest
more
on
public
transportation
system
and
_____(restrict)
the
use
of
private
cars.
(58
words)
even
it
is
Without
doubt,
limit
that
confront
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Nowadays
citizens
have
to
confront
the
traffic
jam,
which
not
only
leads
to
the
increase
of
waste
gases
but
also
affects
the
efficiency
of
work
and
threatens
people’s
lives.
Actually,
it
is
the
private
cars
that
result
in
the
traffic
jams.
Without
doubt,
government
should
invest
more
on
public
transportation
system
and
limit
the
use
of
private
cars.
(58
words)
Step
Four:
Polish
concise,
coherent,
correct,
complete
Traffic
jam,
a
major
current
unavoidable
problem
for
citizens,
is
caused
by
increasing
vehicles,
which
brings
about
many
problems
such
as
global
warming
and
road
safety
.To
solve
the
problem,
it
is
vital
to
reduce
the
booming
number
of
private
cars,
which
people
own
for
various
concepts.
Besides,
concrete
measures
should
be
taken
to
limit
the
number
of
private
cars.
(59words)
Homework
Write
a
summary
of
this
passage.
Pay
attention
to
four
principles:
be
concise,
coherent,
correct
and
complete(共14张PPT)
概要写作
之说明文（exposition）
高考阅卷时主要考虑以下评分：?
（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；
（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
key
points
structure
&key
words
linking
words
point
summary
做到几点：
1.找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
2.各要点的表达要相对独立。
3.各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
4.句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
5.尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。
6.多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
Step
1
根据不同的文章体裁，寻找关键词和主题句。
说明文的中心句往往出现在文章首尾或段落首尾部分，概括的时候一定要抓住这部分内容。
Step
2 概括要留“粗”留“精”，省“细”省“例”。
(1)apples，pears，oranges，peaches
(2)...book
clubs
for
women
or
men，husbands
and
wives，friends
and
children
and
so
on.
概括为：fruits
概括为：...book
clubs
for
different/various
groups
of
readers.
Step
3 表达精炼，句式多样。
能用非谓语动词，就不要使用定语从句和状语从句。尽量使用丰富多样的句式，如：with引导的复合结构作状语或定语，however，fortunately等插入语，以及必要的关联词。
Step
4 拟定草稿，标注要点，通读全文，认真誊写。
每个要点一般为一句话，最多两句。一般概要分为4～5个独立的要点。
1.
topic
paragraph:
________
2.
topic
sentence:
__________________________
__________________________________
3.
key
words:_____________________
_______________________
Step
1
Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
whole
passage
（找文章主题）
P1
positive
reasons,
share
information
online
......Some
positive
reasons
for
people
to
share
information
online.
Step
2
Find
out
topic
sentences
in
each
paragraph.
（找出每一段的主题句）
P1____________________________________
P2____________________________________
P3____________________________________
P4____________________________________
P5____________________________________
...share
information
with
...to
educate，entertain，or
pleasantly
surprise
them.
......some
positive
reasons.....
to
share
information
online.
......
to
picture
their
true
self
to
the
outside
world.
...it
helps
them
develop
better
relationships...
...affect
the
viewpoints
....，or
add
to
their
understanding....
key
words:
nouns
verbs
P1:
Over
the
past
few
years，there
has
been
a
big
increase
in
the
number
of
people
sharing
information
online.
In
this
article，we
will
learn
about
some
positive
reasons
for
people
to
share
information
online.
Step
3
Read
carefully
and
paraphrase/rewrite
the
main
information
using
your
own
words.
“With
an
increase
tendency
towards
sharing
information
online，some
active
factors
gradually
appear.”
We
often
share
information
with
our
friends
in
the
office
or
at
home
to
educate，entertain，or
pleasantly
surprise
them.
In
this
way，we
can
connect
with
others.
This
is
also
true
while
sharing
information
online.If
you
look
at
the
Facebook
of
your
friends，you
will
realize
that
most
of
their
updates
are
usually
famous
quotes，entertaining
videos，inspirational
images，funny
jokes，etc.
94%
of
those
surveyed
by
The
New
York
Times
said
they
put
a
lot
of
thoughts
into
how
the
content
they
are
sharing
will
be
beneficial
to
others.
“Firstly，the
information
shared
online
often
helps
to
inspire，amuse
and
benefit
others.
A
lot
of
people
share
information
online
to
picture
their
true
self
to
the
outside
world.
Some
people，especially
those
who
are
shy
and
not
comfortably
talking
about
their
areas
of
interest
in
the
presence
of
others，find
it
extremely
convenient
to
share
that
information
online
with
others.
Secondly，online
information
sharing
provides
people，especially
the
shy
people
with
a
chance
to
show
their
true
self.
According
to
the
study,
78%
of
the
people
said
they
shared
information
online
because
it
helps
them
develop
better
relationships.
Today，people
are
so
busy
that
they
do
not
have
the
time
to
meet
each
other
personally.
A
lot
of
people
now
“meet”
each
other
online，rather
than
in
places
like
restaurants
and
pubs.
Thirdly，it
can
also
help
strengthen
personal
relationships
despite
the
lack
of
face-to-face
meetings.
Lastly，when
we
share
our
thoughts
online，we
are
actively
communicating
with
a
large
number
of
people
who
are
a
part
of
the
World
Wide
Web.
Sharing
information
will
affect
the
viewpoints
of
others，or
add
to
their
understanding
about
the
world.
Lastly，while
sharing
thoughts
online，not
only
are
we
connecting
with
the
world，but
also
affecting
people’s
opinions.
Step
4
Choose
some
proper
linking
words
to
polish
your
composition.
firstly，secondly，thirdly，lastly
第一段：increase(增加)，positive
reasons(积极因素)
第二段：educate(教育)，entertain(娱乐)，beneficial(对……有好处的)
第三段：picture
self(展示自我)，the
presence
of(……的存在)
第四段：develop
better
relationships(发展良好的人际关系)
第五段：communicate
with(与……交流)，affect(影响)，viewpoint(观点)
With
an
increase
tendency
towards
sharing
information
online，some
active
factors
gradually
appear.(要点1：主题)
Firstly，the
information
shared
online
often
helps
to
inspire，amuse
and
benefit
others.(要点2：积极因素1)
Secondly，online
information
sharing
provides
people，especially
the
shy
people
with
a
chance
to
show
their
true
self.(要点3：积极因素2)
Thirdly，it
can
also
help
strengthen
personal
relationships
despite
the
lack
of
face-to-face
meetings.(要点4：积极因素3)
Lastly，while
sharing
thoughts
online，not
only
are
we
connecting
with
the
world，but
also
affecting
people’s
opinions.(要点5：积极因素4)
参考范文(共11张PPT)
The
Earth
is
Becoming
Warmer
-But
does
it
matter?
Reading
and
Summary
Writing
During
the
20th
century
the
temperature
of
the
earth
rose
about
one
degree
Fahrenheit.
That
probably
does
not
seem
much
to
you
or
me,
but
it
is
a
rapid
increase
when
compared
to
other
natural
change.
So
how
has
this
come
about
and
does
it
matter?
Earth
Care’s
Sophie
Armstrong
explores
these
questions.
THE?EARTH?IS?BECOMING?WARMER?–?BUT?DOES?IT?MATTER??
The
earth
is
becoming
warmer
Lead
Part(导语)
Problem
\phenomenon
cause
effect
The
earth
is
becoming
warmer!
How
has
this
come
about?
Does
it
matter?
Problem\phenomenon
Part
I:
Para.____
Cause
Effect
Part
2:
Para.____
Part
3:
Para.____
1
2-4
5-6
What?
Human
activity
Tip1:
Figure
out
the
structure
of
the
passage
Main
body
Part
2:
Cause
(How
has
it
come
about?)
All
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
like
coal,
natural
gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy.
Some
byproducts
of
this
process
are
called
“greenhouse”
gases,
the
most
important
one
of
which
is
carbon
dioxide.
Dr
Janice
Foster
explains:
“
There
is
a
natural
phenomenon
that
scientists
call
the
‘greenhouse
effect’.
This
is
when
small
amounts
of
gases
in
the
atmosphere
like
carbon
dioxide,
methane
and
water
vapour,
trap
heat
from
the
sun
and
therefore
warm
the
earth.
Without
the
‘greenhouse
effect’,
the
earth
would
be
about
thirty-three
degrees
Celsius
cooler
than
it
is.
So,
we
need
those
gases.
The
problem
begins
when
we
add
huge
quantities
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.
It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
Tip2:
Summarize
the
key
facts
Who?
What?
Why?
All
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
is
due
to
the
human
activity
of
burning
fossil
fuels,
which
produces
huge
quantities
of
greenhouse
gases,
especially
carbon
dioxide,
causing
the
temperature
to
go
up.
Tip3:
Paraphrase
the
sentences
agree
the
global
warming
is
because
of
plenty
of
making
rise\increase.
We
know
that
the
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
have
increased
greatly
over
the
last
100
to
150
years.
It
was
a
scientist
called
Charles
Keeling
who
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
He
found
that
between
these
years
the
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
went
up
from
around
315
parts
to
around
370
parts
per
million
(see
Graph2).
All
scientists
accept
this
data.
They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
So
how
high
will
the
temperature
increase
go?
Dr
Janice
Foster
says
that
over
the
next
100
years
the
amount
of
warming
could
be
as
low
as
1
to
1.5
degrees
Celsius,
but
it
could
be
as
high
as
5
degrees.
Para.3&4
Tip4:
Leave
out
supporting
evidence
How
does
the
writer
organize
Para.3&4
?
By
using____.
A.
Graph&Numbers
B.
Numbers&examples
C.
Examples&graph
D.
Opinions&examples
√
Why
does
the
writer
use
the
graph
and
numbers?
To
Support
the
view
To
make
a
contrast
To
attract
readers
To
draw
a
conclusion
√
Supporting
evidence
However,
the
attitude
of
scientists
towards
this
rise
is
completely
different.
On
the
one
hand,
Dr
Foster
thinks
that
the
trend
which
increases
the
temperature
by
5
degrees
would
be
a
catastrophe.
She
says,
“
We
can’t
predict
the
climate
well
enough
to
know
what
to
expect,
but
it
could
be
very
serious.”
Others
who
agree
with
her
think
there
may
be
a
rise
of
several
metres
in
the
sea
level,
or
predict
severe
storms,
floods,
droughts.
Famines,
the
spread
of
diseases
and
the
disappearance
of
species.
On
the
other
hand,
there
are
those,
like
George
Hambley,
who
are
opposed
to
this
view,
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
They
predict
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences.
In
fact,
Hambley
states,
“
More
carbon
dioxide
is
actually
a
positive
thing.
It
will
make
plants
grow
quicker;
crops
will
produce
more;
it
will
encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals-all
of
which
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.
Part3:
Effect
(Does
it
matter?)
However,
the
attitudes
of
scientists
towards
this
rise
is
completely
different.
Some
think
it
could
be
very
serious
and
become
a
catastrophe
but
others
consider
it
a
positive
thing
and
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.
be
helpful
for
Tip2:
Summarize
the
key
facts
Tip3:
Paraphrase
the
sentences
Topic
sentence?
What?
opinions
of
the
possible
effects
differ.
disaster
while
humans.
Greenhouse
gases
continue
to
build
up
in
the
atmosphere.
Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases,
the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.
No
one
knows
the
effects
of
global
warming.
Does
that
mean
we
should
do
nothing?
Or,
are
the
risks
too
great?
Part3:
Effect
(Does
it
matter?)
The
effects
of
global
warming
remain
__________________.
Greenhouse
gases
continue
to
build
up
in
the
atmosphere.
Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases,
the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.
No
one
knows
the
effects
of
global
warming.
Does
that
mean
we
should
do
nothing?
Or,
are
the
risks
too
great?
unknown\to
be
seen
The
earth
is
becoming
warmer!
Problem\phenomenon
Cause
Effect
Speaking
before
summary
writing
burning
of
fossil
fuels;
greenhouse
gases;
carbon
dioxide…
Some
scientists’
attitude?
Others?
The
writer?
Summary
Writing
Tip1:
Figure
out
the
structure
of
the
passage
Tip2:
Summarize
the
key
facts
Tip3:
Paraphrase
the
sentences
Tip4:
Leave
out
supporting
evidence
Tip5:
Use
proper
linking
words
Tips:
Summary
The
earth
is
becoming
warmer.
All
scientists
agree
that
global
warming
is
because
of
human
activity
of
burning
fossil
fuels,
which
produces
plenty
of
greenhouse
gases,
especially
carbon
dioxide,
making
the
temperature
rise.
However,
opinions
of
the
possible
effects
differ.
Some
think
it
could
be
serious
and
become
a
disaster
while
others
consider
it
a
positive
thing
and
will
be
helpful.
Anyhow,
the
effects
of
it
remain
unknown.
(68word)
Tip5:
Use
proper
linking
words
Assignment
I.
Complete
and
polish
your
summary
writing.
II.
Design
a
poster
about
the
effects
of
global
warming
and
share
it
with
your
classamtes.(共36张PPT)
Summary
Writing
高考新题型之——
Summary
Writing
高考新题型之——
Summary
I
helped
an
old
man
in
rags
who
had
lost
his
way.
I
helped
an
old
man
details
main
point
Summary?
A
summary
is
a
short
statement
that
gives
only
the
main
points
of
sth,
not
the
details
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
读者在正确理解文章的基础上,
在不改变原文中心思想、
体裁和结构的前提下，省去细节，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
How
to
write
a
good
summary?
Steps
&
Tips
Weight
loss
is
most
likely
to
be
successful
when
people
change
their
habits.
Here
are
several
ways
to
make
that
happen.
Regular
physical
activity
burns
calories
and
builds
muscles
---both
of
which
help
you
look
and
feel
good
and
keep
weight
off.
Walking
the
family
dog,
cycling
to
school,
and
doing
other
things
that
increase
your
daily
level
of
activity
can
all
make
a
difference.
One
reason
people
get
less
exercise
these
days
is
because
of
an
increase
in
“screen
time”---
the
amount
of
time
spent
watching
TV,
looking
at
the
computer,
or
playing
video
games.
Limit
recreational
screen
time
to
less
than
2
hours
per
day.
When
you
really
get
away
from
“screens”,
such
as
TV,
computers,
IPad
or
mobile
phones,
you
will
really
benefit
a
lot.
Portion
sizes
are
bigger
than
they
used
to
be,
and
these
extra
calories
contribute
to
obesity.
Another
key
factor
in
weight
gain
is
that
more
people
drink
sugary
drinks,
such
as
sodas,
juice
drinks,
and
sports
drinks.
So
choose
smaller
portions
(or
share
restaurant
portions)
and
go
for
water
or
low-fat
mild
instead
of
soda.
People
who
skip
breakfast
often
feel
so
hungry
that
they
eat
more
later
on.
So
they
get
more
calories
than
they
would
have
if
they
ate
breakfast.
In
fact,
people
who
skip
breakfast
tend
to
have
higher
BIMs
than
people
who
eat
breakfast.
If
you
really
put
the
above
into
practice
at
once,
you
will
definitely
reduce
your
weight
gradually.
And
wish
you
have
a
good
figure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(350words)
steps
Read
for
topic,
structure(明确主题及结构)
2.
Find
out
the
key
information
of
each
paragraph
(划出每段主题句,或关键词)
3.
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words(改写)
4.
Polish
the
passage
(改良)
Step1
Read
for
topic
and
structure
Topic：
Weight
loss
Structure:
Para1.
Para2.
Para.6
Topic
–
weight
loss
Ways
of
losing
weight
Conclusion
Para4.
Para3.
Para2.
概要写作难点
1
How
to
get
the
main
points
quickly
and
correctly?
(如何快速、准确地捕捉各段要点)
抓住主题句或关键词，忽略细节和例子
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
Topic
sentence
or
key
words
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
1.
Weight
loss
is
most
likely
to
be
successful
when
people
change
their
habits.
Here
are
several
ways
to
make
that
happen.
Tip1:
The
key
sentence
is
usually
the
first
sentence
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
2.Regular
physical
activity
burns
calories
and
builds
muscles
---both
of
which
help
you
look
and
feel
good
and
keep
weight
off.
Walking
the
family
dog,
cycling
to
school,
and
doing
other
things
that
increase
your
daily
level
of
activity
can
all
make
a
difference.
Tip2:
Ignore
the
examples
or
details
Examples&details
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
3.
One
reason
people
get
less
exercise
these
days
Is
because
of
an
increase
in
“screen
time”---
the
amount
of
time
spent
watching
TV,
looking
at
the
computer,
or
playing
video
games.
Limit
recreational
screen
time
to
less
than
2
hours
per
day.
When
you
really
get
away
from
“screens”,
such
as
TV,
IPad
,
computers,
or
mobile
phones,
you
will
really
benefit
a
lot.
Tip3:
Pick
out
the
key
words
in
different
sentence
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
4.
Portion
sizes
are
bigger
than
they
used
to
be,
and
these
extra
calories
contribute
to
obesity.
Another
key
factor
in
weight
gain
is
that
more
people
drink
sugary
beverages,
such
as
sodas,
juice
drinks,
and
sports
drinks.
So
choose
smaller
portions
(or
share
restaurant
portions)
and
go
for
water
or
low-fat
milk
instead
of
soda.
Tip4:
pay
attention
to
the
logical
connectives(逻辑连词)
So,
therefore,
as
a
result,
thus
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
5.
People
who
skip
breakfast
often
feel
so
hungry
that
they
eat
more
later
on.
They
get
more
calories
than
they
would
have
if
they
ate
breakfast.
In
fact,
people
who
skip
breakfast
tend
to
have
higher
BIMs
than
people
who
eat
breakfast.
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
6.
If
you
really
put
the
above
into
practice
at
once,
you
will
definitely
reduce
your
weight
gradually.
And
wish
you
have
a
good
figure.
Weight
loss
is
most
likely
to
be
successful
when
people
change
their
habits.
Here
are
several
ways
to
make
that
happen.
Regular
physical
activity
burns
calories
and
builds
muscles
---both
of
which
help
you
look
and
feel
good
and
keep
weight
off.
Walking
the
family
dog,
cycling
to
school,
and
doing
other
things
that
increase
your
daily
level
of
activity
can
all
make
a
difference.
One
reason
people
get
less
exercise
these
days
is
because
of
an
increase
in
“screen
time”---
the
amount
of
time
spent
watching
TV,
looking
at
the
computer,
or
playing
video
games.
Limit
recreational
screen
time
to
less
than
2
hours
per
day.
When
you
really
get
away
from
“screens”,
such
as
TV,
computers,
IPad
or
mobile
phones,
you
will
really
benefit
a
lot.
Portion
sizes
are
bigger
than
they
used
to
be,
and
these
extra
calories
contribute
to
obesity.
Another
key
factor
in
weight
gain
is
that
more
people
drink
sugary
drinks,
such
as
sodas,
juice
drinks,
and
sports
drinks.
So
choose
smaller
portions
(or
share
restaurant
portions)
and
go
for
water
or
low-fat
mild
instead
of
soda.
People
who
skip
breakfast
often
feel
so
hungry
that
they
eat
more
later
on.
So
they
get
more
calories
than
they
would
have
if
they
ate
breakfast.
In
fact,
people
who
skip
breakfast
tend
to
have
higher
BIMs
than
people
who
eat
breakfast.
If
you
really
put
the
above
into
practice
at
once,
you
will
definitely
reduce
your
weight
gradually.
And
wish
you
have
a
good
figure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
概要写作难点
2
How
to
express
the
main
points
by
using
your
own
words
properly?
(如何灵活诠释，规避抄袭的嫌疑)
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
1.
Weight
loss
is
most
likely
to
be
successful
when
people
change
their
habits.
Losing
weight
Tip1:
Use
words
or
phrases
of
similar
meaning
（同义替换）
if
get
into
new
habits
People
will
succeed
in
losing
weight
if
they
get
into
new
habits
Changing
some
habits
may
be
a
good
way
to
lose
weight
Tip2:
Use
different
sentence
structure
(改变句子结构，尤其是改变主语)
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
2.Regular
physical
activity
burns
calories
and
builds
muscles
---both
of
which
help
you
look
and
feel
good
and
keep
weight
off.
Tip3:
Turn
complex
sentences
into
simple
ones
（压缩长句）
Leave
out
unnecessary
parts
Taking
more
physical
exercise
will
help
you
keep
healthy.
Keep
healthy
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
“screen
time”
benefit
a
lot.
limit
Tip4:
Combine
the
key
words
logically
into
a
sentence
（连词组句）
3.
We
are
supposed
to
reduce
“screen
time”.
Limiting
“screen
time”
will
benefit
us
a
lot.
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
Choose
smaller
portions
(or
share
restaurant
portions)
and
go
for
water
or
low-fat
milk
instead
of
soda.
Sticking
to
smaller
portions
and
avoiding
sugary
drinks
contribute
to
weight
loss.
Step3
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
5.
skip
breakfast
People
should
avoid
skipping
breakfast.
get
more
calorie
Step3
rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
6.
If
you
really
put
the
above
into
practice
People
will
have
a
good
figure
if
they
take
the
above
suggestions
have
a
good
figure
take
/
follow
the
above
suggestions
Changing
some
habits
may
be
a
good
way
to
lose
weight.
Taking
more
physical
exercise
will
make
much
difference
to
people’s
health.
We
are
supposed
to
reduce
“screen
time”.
Sticking
to
smaller
portions
and
avoiding
sugary
drinks
contribute
to
weight
loss.
People
should
avoid
skipping
breakfast.
People
will
have
a
good
figure
if
they
take
the
above
suggestions.
(58W)
First,
Meanwhile,
Besides
Finally
Step4
Polish
by
using
connectives
Tip:
Polish
with
connectives
to
make
it
coherent.
steps
Read
for
topic,
structure(明确主题及结构)
2.
Find
out
the
key
information
of
each
paragraph
(划出每段主题句,找关键信息)
3.
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words(改写)
4.
Polish
the
passage
(改良)
Tips
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
the
first
sentence
Ignore
the
examples
or
details
Pick
out
the
key
words
in
different
sentences
Use
words
or
phrases
of
similar
meaning
（同义替换）
Use
different
sentence
structure
(改变句子结构，尤其是改变主语)
Turn
complex
sentences
into
simple
ones
（压缩长句）
Exercise
Read
and
write
with
the
steps
and
tips
You
may
want
to
offer
help
if
your
friend
falls
into
depression(抑郁).
Depression
is
a
complex
emotional
illness
and
it
is
necssary
to
do
adequate(充足)
research
about
the
illness.
You
may
access
anumber
of
resources
to
gain
a
deep
understanding
of
this
emotional
condition.
You
can
also
find
books
or
magazines
in
the
library.
If
you
still
have
some
questions,
you
can
see
a
doctor.
In
the
end,
you
should
havea
good
idea
of
what
is
affecting
your
friend.
People
with
depression
are
often
very
afraid
of
talking
to
someone
except
their
doctors.
They
can
easily
be
ashamed
of
their
condition
and
consequently
they
try
to
hide
it.
You
shouldn’t
be
surprised
if
a
depressed
friend
won’t
open
up
to
you.
However
,
when
he
or
she
does
,
you
should
let
the
words
flow.
Don’t
be
judgemental
and
never
interrupt!
Listening
is
not
an
easy
skill,
as
it’s
likely
that
you
can’t
help
voicing
your
opinion.
If
your
friend
shows
likely
signs
of
depression,
such
as
the
feeling
of
worthlessness,
a
lack
of
interest
in
daily
activities
and
uncontrolled
crying,
you
should
contact
a
doctor,
scheduel
an
appointment
andaccompany
him
or
her
on
the
first
visit.
If
he
or
she
refuses,
let
several
days
go
by
before
making
another
suggestion.
You
should
be
able
to
identify
moments
when
he
or
she
seems
to
have
better
moods.
These
moments
could
be
the
right
time
to
ask
him
or
her
to
see
the
doctor.
Over
time,
your
friend
begins
to
cooperate
and
see
the
doctor.
At
last,
as
a
caregiver,
you
also
need
someone
to
talk
to
and
perhaps
you
may
join
a
support
group
so
you
can
meet
other
caregivers.
You
shouldn’t
sacrifice
your
own
physical
and
mental
condition
when
helping
people
with
depression.
There
are
cases
when
caregivers
become
depressed.
If
it
happens,
there
is
no
shame
in
seeing
a
doctor
yourself.
(320words)
Step1
Read
for
topic
and
structure
Topic：
Helping
a
friend
with
depression
Structure:
Para1.
Para2.
Para3.
Para4.
忽略具体事例和细节
Step2
Read
for
main
idea
of
each
paragragh
Para.1:
Para.2:
Para.3:
Para.4:
You
may
want
to
offer
help
if
your
friend
falls
into
depression(抑郁).
Depression
is
a
complex
emotional
illness
and
it
is
necessary
to
do
adequate(充足)
research
about
the
illness.
be
afraid
of
talking
(划主题句,找关键信息)
However
,
when
he
or
she
does
(talk)
Listening
is
a
helpful
skill
If
your
friend
shows
likely
signs
of
depression,
such
as
the
feeling
of
worthlessness,
a
lack
of
interest
in
daily
activities
and
uncontrolled
crying,
you
should
contact
a
doctor,
scheduel
an
appointment
and
accompany
him
or
her
on
the
first
visit.
As
a
caregiver,
you
also
need
someone
to
talk
to
and
perhaps
you
may
join
a
support
group
to
keep
healthy.
Learn
much
Step3
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
Para.1:
You
may
want
to
offer
help
if
your
friend
falls
into
depression(抑郁).
….
it
is
necessary
to
do
adequate
research
about
the
illness.
Important,
helpful
You
need
to
learn
more
about
depression
if
you
want
to
assist
a
friend
with
depression.
Doing
enough
research
about
depression
is
helpful
for
you
to
help
your
depressed
friend
feels
depresses
Step3
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
Para.2:
be
afraid
of
talking
However
,
when
he
or
she
does
(talk
to
you)…
Listening
People
with
depression
tend
to
keep
silent.
Once
they
speak
to
you,
be
a
good
listener.
avoid
talking
/
keep
silent
Step3
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
Para.3:
If
your
friend
shows
likely
signs
of
depression,
you
should
encourage
him
or
her
to
seek
professional
help.
If
your
friend
shows
likely
signs
of
depression,
such
as
the
feeling
of
worthlessness,
a
lack
of
interest
in
daily
activities
and
uncontrolled
crying,
you
should
contact
a
doctor,
scheduel
an
appointment
and
accompany
him
or
her
on
the
first
visit.
see
the
doctor
If
your
friend
seems
to
have
depression,
you
should
told
him
to
see
the
doctor
Step3
Rewrite
by
using
your
own
words
Para.4:
As
a
caregiver,
you
also
need
someone
to
talk
to
and
perhaps
you
may
join
a
support
group
to
keep
healthy.
When
you
help
a
friend
with
depression,
don’t
forget
you
own
health.
You
need
to
learn
more
about
depression
if
you
want
to
assist
a
friend
with
depression.
People
with
depression
tend
to
keep
silent.
Once
they
speak
to
you,
be
a
good
listener.
If
your
friend
shows
likely
signs
of
depression,
you
should
encourage
him
or
her
to
seek
pprofessional
help.
When
you
help
a
friend
with
depression,
don’t
forget
you
own
health.
One
possible
version:
Checking
points
Cover
the
main
points
using
your
own
words
No
details
No
copy
No
personal
opinions
About
60
words
Use
connectives
if
possible
Thank
you!(共28张PPT)
概要写作
CONTENTS
怎么理解概要写作呢？
1
评卷老师怎么评？
2
概要怎么写？
3
写概要！
4
1
怎么理解概要？
概：（
）
要：（
）
概要：（
）
概
要
概
括
要
点
概括要点
2
评卷老师怎么评？
1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3、词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
评分原则
4、评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3)上下文的连贯性；
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；
评分原则
5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对于交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6、如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
评分原则
3
考生怎么写概要？
概要怎么写？
一、从文体入手，分析文章结构，准确把握要点
注意区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等逻辑关系。
1.
记叙文：把握六要素who,
when,
what(event事件),
how(process过程),
why
2.
议论文：表明论点、论据、结论
3.
说明文：the
topic---what,
the
reasons---why,
the
effects---how,
the
solutions(解决办法),
the
conclusion(结论)
概要怎么写？
二、明话题，定顺序，找中心句、高频词、连词，列提纲
根据文章写作顺序(时间、地点、原因…),
对文章进行分段，找出各段的中心句和高频词以确定要点，再根据连词确定要点的主要和次要关系。最后根据抄写原文列出提纲。
二.确定要点：
三.重组要点：
四.连句成篇：
概要怎么写？
1.要点一：
2.要点二：
1.要点'
：
2.要点''：
一.明确话题：
概要怎么写？
概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting
up
early
has
been
regarded
as
a
good
habit
since
ancient
times.
Many
years
ago,
people
thought
that
if
we
went
to
bed
early
and
get
up
early,
we
would
be
energetic(充满活力的)
the
whole
day.
So,
getting
up
early
is
of
great
importance
to
us
all.
In
fact,
morning
is
the
best
time
of
a
day.
In
the
morning,
the
air
is
the
freshest
and
people
are
usually
in
the
best
conditions(条件).
Many
of
us
may
have
the
experiences
that
we
memorize
some
things
more
quickly
and
accurately
in
the
morning
than
any
other
time
of
the
day.
概要怎么写？
If
we
do
some
morning
exercise
or
only
take
a
short
walk
in
the
morning,
we
can
build
our
bodies
and
become
much
healthier.
Also
we
will
have
enough
time
to
make
a
plan
and
get
ready
for
our
work
or
study
of
the
day
if
we
get
up
early.
However,
if
we
get
up
late,
we
will
probably
have
to
do
everything
in
a
great
hurry.
Let
us
remember
getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit
and
try
our
best
to
keep
it.
If
we
stick
to
getting
up
early
every
day,
we
will
certainly
benefit(受益)
a
lot
from
it.
写概要!
一、判断文体：__________
二、明话题，定顺序，找高频词、连词、中心句，列提纲
话题：___________
顺序：___________
高频词:________________
连词:_________________________
中心句：_____________________________
列提纲：_____________________________
议论文
Get
up
early
原因
getting
up
early
概要怎么写？
概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting
up
early
has
been
regarded
as
a
good
habit
since
ancient
times.
Many
years
ago,
people
thought
that
if
we
went
to
bed
early
and
get
up
early,
we
would
be
energetic(充满活力的)
the
whole
day.
So,
getting
up
early
is
of
great
importance
to
us
all.
In
fact,
morning
is
the
best
time
of
a
day.
In
the
morning,
the
air
is
the
freshest
and
people
are
usually
in
the
best
conditions(条件).
Many
of
us
may
have
the
experiences
that
we
memorize
some
things
more
quickly
and
accurately
in
the
morning
than
any
other
time
of
the
day.
概要怎么写？
If
we
do
some
morning
exercise
or
only
take
a
short
walk
in
the
morning,
we
can
build
our
bodies
and
become
much
healthier.
Also
we
will
have
enough
time
to
make
a
plan
and
get
ready
for
our
work
or
study
of
the
day
if
we
get
up
early.
However,
if
we
get
up
late,
we
will
probably
have
to
do
everything
in
a
great
hurry.
Let
us
remember
getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit
and
try
our
best
to
keep
it.
If
we
stick
to
getting
up
early
every
day,
we
will
certainly
benefit(受益)
a
lot
from
it.
概要怎么写？
分析：
论点：_________________________________
论据：___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
结论：__________________________________
Getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit
and
of
great
importance
to
people.
Memorize
more
quickly,
build
our
bodies
and
become
much
healthier,
have
time
to
make
a
plan,
get
ready
for
work
or
study.
Getting
up
early
can
benefit
us
a
lot
Getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit.
And
we
attach
great
importance
to
getting
up
early.原因,
morning
is
the
most
valuable
time
of
a
day,
so
we
can
have
physical
training
to
keep
healthy.
Besides,
getting
up
early
can
let
us
have
enough
time
to
program
and
prepare
to
finish
doing
our
work
or
study
of
the
day.
In
a
word,
we
will
benefit
a
lot
from
getting
up
early.
It
is
important
to
get
up
early
for
people.
In
the
morning,
people
can
exercise
their
bodies
through
walking
to
keep
healthy.
Also,
people’s
memory
will
improve.
Besides,
people
can
make
a
good
preparation/plan
for
themselves,
so
they
will
have
enough
time
to
do
everything.
In
a
word,
getting
up
early
is
beneficial
to
us.
Getting
up
early
in
the
morning
is
a
good
habit
and
very
important,
because
in
the
morning
we
can
have
a
better
memory,
healthier
bodies
and
better
preparation
for
the
day.
In
addition,
morning
exercise
can
help
us
keep
healthy.
So,
it
is
beneficial
to
us.
范例
People
attach
great
importance
to
getting
up
early.(要点1)
It
enables
them
to
have
a
better
memory,
healthier
bodies
and
better
preparation
for
the
day.(要点2)
If
not,
people
will
be
busy
doing
everything.
So
insist
on
getting
up
early
which
is
of
great
benefit
to
all
people.(要点3)
写概要!
一、判断文体：__________
二、分析：
说明文
The
topic---what
The
reason---why
The
effects---how
The
solutions
The
conclusion
Koalas
are
unhappy
and
complaining
Tourists’
hugging
and
taking
photos
Being
repeatedly
awoken
Government
bans
the
practice
Be
more
kind
to
animals
写概要!
Koalas
are
sad
and
complaining
because
of
tourists’
hugging
and
taking
photos,
which
makes
them
keeping
awoken
repeatedly.
As
a
result,
the
government
takes
measures
to
ban
the
practice.
So
we
should
be
kind
to
animals.
第二节：概要写作
注意事项：
1.
涵盖所有要点（主要点+分要点）
2.
无语法错误
3.
有适当的连词，逻辑关系合理
4.
杜绝抄袭文中原句
5.
用第三人称
6.
客观：无个人观点，不写文中没有的句子
7.
准确：体裁，时态，顺序
8.
简洁：措词，避免重复
记叙文：who,
when,
what,
how,
why
议论文：论点，论据，结论
说明文：the
topic---what,
the
reasons---why,
the
effects---how,
the
solutions,
the
conclusion
Thanks(共21张PPT)
Pictures
about
some
famous
colleges
Which
is
your
dream
college?/university?
Make
a
decision
about
college
application
do
the
research
make
the
right
decision
Summary
Writing
It's
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
because
their
websites
can
all?start
to
look
and
sound
the
same.?Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be?like
to
live
on
a
college
campus(校园)?like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms,?classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and,
of
course,
the
students.
It
seems
a
little
crazy
once?senior
year
hits
to
find
the
time
to
visit
college
campuses,
and
it
can
also
be
pricey
if
the?schools
you
are
applying
to
happen
to
be
more
than
a
car
ride
away.
But
keep
in
mind
that?you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,?and
do
all?the
research
you?can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
There's
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.?In
fact,?a
lot
of
college?applications
even
ask?if
you
have
visited
campus,?and
obviously,?if
you?live
across?the
country?that
won't
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,?but
if
you?live
nearby,?go
check
it
out!
If
campus
visits
aren't
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,?at
the
very
least
you
should?find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance?letters
to
visit
the
schools
you'd?like
to
attend.?It
can
save
you
a?lot
of
heartache
if
you
rule
out
now
the?things
that
you
don't?like
about
certain
campuses,?things?that
you
wouldn't
know
unless
you
actually
visit.
Now,?if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,?then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs?at
College
Week
Live.?It‘s
a
chance
to
chat?online
with
admissions
officers,?students,?and?college
counselors(顾问)，and
it
won't
cost
you
a
penny!
You
can
register?for
its
online?college
fair?at
.?While
visiting
an
online?college?fair
can't
take
the
place?of
an
actual
campus
visit,?it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research?will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you'd
like
to?attend.
Reading
for
01
Reading
for
02
Polishing
for
perfection
03
Writing
for
summary
04
CONTENT
Summary
Writing
topic
&
structure
key
information
1
College
application
PART
ONE
Reading
for
topic
&
structure
Identify
the
writing
style,
topic
and
the
structure:
Writing
style:
Topic:
Structure:
Detailed
suggestions
Exposition
how
to
make
a
right
decision
about
choosing
your
future
college
Para1:
The
topic
and
the
Suggestion
(Visit
the
college
in
person)
Para2:
Suggestion
1
Para3:
Suggestion
2
Para4:
Suggestion3
2
College
application
PART
TWO
Reading
for
key
information
Paragraph
1
It's
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
It
seems
a
little
crazy
once?senior
year
hits
to
find
the
time
to
visit
college
campuses,
and
it
can
also
be
pricey
if
the?schools
you
are
applying
to
happen
to
be
more
than
a
car
ride
away.
But
keep
in
mind
that?you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,?and
do
all?the
research
you?can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
Topic?
Theme?
suggestion
because
their
websites
can
all?start
to
look
and
sound
the
same.?Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be?like
to
live
on
a
college
campus(校园)?like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms,?classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and,
of
course,
the
students.
Detailed
Reasons
Tip2:
Delete
the
detailed
reasons,
examples.
Tip1:
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
in
the
beginning
or
at
the
end.
Tip3:
The
information
after
“But”
is
more
important.
Paragraph
2&3
There's
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.?In
fact,?a
lot
of
college?applications
even
ask?if
you
have
visited
campus,?and
obviously,?if
you?live
across?the
country?that
won't
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,?but
if
you?live
nearby,?go
check
it
out!
If
campus
visits
aren't
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,
at
the
very
least
you
should
find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you'd
like
to
attend.
It
can
save
you
a
lot
of
heartache
if
you
rule
out
now
the
things
that
you
don't
like
about
certain
campuses,
things
that
you
wouldn't
know
unless
you
actually
visit.
Tip2:
Delete
the
detailed
reasons,
examples.
Tip1:
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
in
the
beginning
or
at
the
end.
Tip3:
The
information
after
“But”
is
the
key
information.
Detailed
Example
Detailed
Reasons
Paragraph
4
Now,
if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live.
It’s
a
chance
to
chat
online
with
admissions
officers,
students,
and
college
counselors(顾问)，and
it
won't
cost
you
a
penny!
You
can
register
for
its
online
college
fair
at
.
While
visiting
an
online
college
fair
can't
take
the
place
of
an
actual
campus
visit,
it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you'd
like
to
attend.
Tip2:
Delete
the
detailed
reasons,
examples.
Tip1:
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
in
the
beginning
or
at
the
end.
Tip3:
The
information
after
“But”
is
the
key
information.
Detailed
Reasons
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
A
topic
is
introduced:
It's
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
…you
are
making
a
decision
about…
Something
about
college
application
One
suggestion:
There's
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.
Another
suggestion:
find
some
time
…
to
visit
the
schools
you'd
like
to
attend.
One
more
suggestion:
…check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live…make
an
informed
decision
3
PART
THREE
College
application
Writing
for
summary
College
application
本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了学生选择大学前要了解大学的问题。
此类文章在写概要时，首先要抓住文章主旨和关键词；其次，要对每一段的主要信息进行总结和概括；
最后在各个信息要点中，加入适当的连接词，使上下文连贯，过渡自然。
Paraphrase
（1）同义替换法:
同义词synonym替换
正话反说
（2）信息重组法：把几个简单句重组成一个并列句或复合句
（3）句式变化法：with结构
非谓语（non-finite）动词等替换从句
非限制定语从句
主被动转换
强调句/倒装句
It形式主语或宾语
（4）把上面几种方法综合起来使用
!
Paraphrase
It’s
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply.
Keep
in
mind
that?you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,?and
do
all?the
research
you?can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
同义替换
句式变化
信息重组
衔接词
_______________
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
decision
about
your
future
college,
it’s
a
really
good
idea
to
visit…
In
order
to
It’s
not
a
bad
idea/better/essential/worthwhile/advisable
for
you
to
visit
colleges
before________
to
make
sure…the
_________decision.
applying
Applying
to
colleges
is
an
important
decision,
_____
you
should
visit
the
colleges
before
you
apply.
so
in
advance
Visiting
colleges
you
want
to
attend
in
advance
is
a
good
idea,
_____
is
important
in
decision
making.
appropriate
which
Applying
to
colleges
is
an
important
decision
in
your
life,
so
you
should
visit
the
colleges
you
want
to
attend
in
advance.
Para1.
Paraphrase
同义替换
句式变化
信息重组
Para2.
There's
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.
But
if
you?live
nearby,?go
check
it
out!
There’s
no
________not
to
visit
the
schools________.
reason
nearby
There’s
____________reason
to
visit
the
schools
____________________.
within
your
reach
local
colleges
It’s
___________for
you
to
visit
the
local
colleges.
It’s
___________for
you
to
visit
the
local
campuses.
necessary
a
must
You’ll
_______________________to
visit
the
…
When
the
schools
are
near
_______________,
don’t
___________
visit
them.
find
it
a
must/necessary
hesitate
to
where
you
live
When
the
schools
are
near
where
you
live,
don’t
hesitate
to
visit
them.
good/sound
Paraphrase
同义替换
句式变化
信息重组
Para3.
If
campus
visits
aren't
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,
at
the
very
least
you
should
find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you'd
like
to
attend.
If
______inconvenient
for
you
to
visit
the
campuses
,
you’d
better
spare
time
to
visit
the
school
before
being
accepted/
admitted.
If
_____can’t
_________before
application,
you
should
do
it
before
the
acceptance
letters
arrive.
_______
visit
before
applying,
you
should
seize
the
chance
to
make
it
before
being
accepted.
If
campus
visits
__________________before________,
at
the
very
least
you
should
_______
some
time
_________getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you'd
like
to
attend.
can’t
be
achieved
spare
before
make
it
application
fail
to
visit
it
Failing
to
If
you
can’t
make
it
before
application,
you
should
do
it
before
the
acceptance
letters
arrive.
you
it
is
Paraphrase
同义替换
句式变化
信息重组
Para4.
Now,
if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live.
It
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision.
If
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
_____________the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live
can
still
be
a
useful
tool
_______________make
an
informed
decision.
If
you
have_____________________,
visiting
the
online
college
fairs
can
also
_______________in
making
the
right
decision.
__________________________,
you
should
never
forget
to
check
out
online
for
it
is
beneficial
to
your
final
decision.
no
time
or
money
for
it
be
of
great
help
checking
out
to
help
you
Time
and
money
not
permitting
If
you
have
no
time
or
money
for
it,
visiting
the
online
college
fairs
can
also
be
of
great
help
in
making
the
right
decision.
4
PART
THREE
Polishing
for
perfection
College
application
Polish
Applying
to
colleges
is
an
important
decision
in
your
life,
so
you
should
visit
the
colleges
you
want
to
attend
in
advance.
When
the
schools
are
near
where
you
live,
don’t
hesitate
to
visit
them.
If
you
can’t
make
it
before
application,
you
should
do
it
before
the
acceptance
letters
arrive.
If
you
have
no
time
or
money
for
it,
visiting
the
online
college
fairs
can
also
be
of
great
help
in
making
the
right
decision.
especially
Tips:
Polish
with
connectives,
adverbials
to
make
it
coherent.
Make
further
improvement.
.
Finally
Applying
to
colleges
is
an
important
decision
in
your
life,
so
you
should
visit
the
colleges
you
want
to
attend
in
advance,
especially
when
they
are
near
where
you
live.
(要点1,
2)
If
you
can't
make
it
before
application,
you
should
do
it
before
the
acceptance
letters
arrive.(要点3)
Finally,
if
you
do
have
no
time
or
no
money
for
it,
visiting
the
online
college
fairs
can
also
help
you
make
the
right
decision.
(要点4)
(70words)
Conclusion
Tip2:
Delete
the
detailed
reasons,
examples.
Tip1:
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
in
the
beginning
or
at
the
end.
Tip3:
Pay
attention
to
the
information
word“but”“while”
Tips
for
exploring
the
key
information:
Tips
for
paraphrasing:
（1）同义替换法
（2）信息重组法
（3）句式变化法：非谓语（non-finite）动词等替换从句
非限制定语从句
主被动转换
It形式主语或宾语
独立主格结构
强调句等特殊句型
……
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www./powerpoint/
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www./word/
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教案下载：www./jiaoan/(共17张PPT)
By
Cathy,
15
March,
2018
North
Pole
Snow
Lovely
animals
Heaven
for
polar
bears
Icebergs
are
melting
rapidly.
Hell
for
polar
bears
Why
does
it
happen?
The
Earth
Is
Becoming
Warmer
---
But
Does
It
Matter?
Predict
what
will
be
discussed
in
the
text?
title
opening
paragraph
two
graphs
main
text
in
two
columns(栏）
Where
is
the
passage
probably
taken
from?
A.
a
travel
guide.
B.
a
newspaper.
C.
a
science
magazine.
D.
a
fiction.
During
the
20th
century
the
temperature
of
the
earth
rose
about
one
degree
Fahrenheit.
That
probably
does
not
seem
much
to
you
or
me
but
it
is
a
rapid
increase
when
compared
to
other
natural
changes.
So
how
has
this
come
about
and
does
it
matter?
Earth
Care’s
Sophie
Armstrong
explores
these
questions.
phenomenon
cause
attitude
?
phenomenon
cause
attitude
Divide
the
main
text
into
4
parts
Part
divided
Main
idea
Phenomenon
Cause
Attitude
Rethinking
Part2
(Para.
____)
Part3
(Para.
____)
Part4
(Para.
____)
Part1
(Para.
____)
1
？
2-4
5
6
Phenomenon
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer.
From
Graph1,
we
can
see
the
temperature
of
the
earth
_______
about
____
degree
Fahrenheit
from
1860-2000.
increased
one
What
can
we
see
from
Graph
1?
Is
it
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon?
Human
activity
Cause
How
does
human
activity
cause
global
warming?
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
to
produce
energy
(byproducts)
greenhouse
gases
Trap
heat
from
the
sun
(greenhouse
effect
)
global
temperature
goes
up
All
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
Attitude
Do
scientists
have
the
same
attitude
towards
the
rise
in
temperature?
attitudes
towards
the
rise
scientist
attitude
Janice
Foster
George
Hambley
Catastrophe
A
positive
thing
However,
the
attitudes
of
scientists
towards
this
rise
are
completely
different.
while
Rethinking
Does
that
mean
we
should
do
nothing?
Or,
are
the
risks
too
great?
What
is
the
writer’s
attitude
towards
the
effects
of
global
warming?
A.
positive
B.
negative
C.
objective
(客观的)
questions
for
readers
to
reflect
on
a
lot
remains
to
be
found
out
about
the
effects
of
global
warming
Phenomenon
Cause
Attitude
Rethinking
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer.
All
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
However,
the
attitudes
of
scientists
towards
this
rise
are
completely
different.
Does
that
mean
we
should
do
nothing?
Or,
are
the
risks
too
great?
Work
out
the
structure
and
find
the
topic
sentence
Rewrite
the
topic
sentences
in
your
own
words
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer.
hotter
All
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
agree
to;
be
in
favor
of;
approve
of
lie
in;
result
from
rise
…the
rise
in
the
earth’s
temperature
results
from
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
_______________
the
rise
in
the
earth’s
temperature
results
in/
leads
to
However,
the
attitudes
of
scientists
towards
this
rise
are
completely
different.
differ;
vary
different
differ
adj.
v.
Does
that
mean
we
should
do
nothing?
Or,
are
the
risks
too
great?
We
need
more
research
to
find
out
the
effects
of
global
warming.
A
lot
remains
to
be
found
out
about…
Connect
the
sentences
together,
using
some
linking
words
when
necessary.
Write
a
summary
of
this
passage
based
on
what
we
have
learned
in
the
class.
(about
60
words)
Assignment
Search
the
internet
to
learn
more
about
global
warming
and
think
about
what
we
can
do
to
help
with
it
as
a
high
school
student,
then
share
your
opinion
with
your
classmates.
Help
me,
help
you,
help
everyone.
Return
GREEN
to
the
earth!
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行业PPT模板：www./hangye/
节日PPT模板：www./jieri/
PPT素材下载：www./sucai/
PPT背景图片：www./beijing/
PPT图表下载：www./tubiao/
优秀PPT下载：www./xiazai/
PPT教程：
www./powerpoint/
Word教程：
www./word/
Excel教程：www./excel/
资料下载：www./ziliao/
PPT课件下载：www./kejian/
范文下载：www./fanwen/
试卷下载：www./shiti/
教案下载：www./jiaoan/
PPT论坛：www.
Thank
you
