牛津译林版英语八年级下Unit 7 International Charities单元语法-被动语态详解及练习(含答案)

牛津英语8B
Unit7
单元语法-被动语态详解及练习
一．定义：
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
二：被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
三：
被动语态的时态：
“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be
的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+done
We
clean
the
classroom.
The
classroom
is
cleaned
by
us.
一般过去时
did
was/were+done
He
made
the
kite.
The
kite
is
made
by
him.
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+being
done
she
is
watering
flowers.
Flowers
are
being
watered
by
her.
现在完成时
have/has+done
have/has+been
done
Jim
has
finished
the
work.
The
work
has
been
finished
by
Jim.
一般将来时
will/shall+do
will/shall+be
done
They
will
plant
trees
tomorrow.
Trees
will
be
planted
by
them
tomorrow.
过去进行时
was/were+doing
was/were+being
done
She
was
writing
a
letter
this
time
yesterday.
A
letter
was
written
by
her
this
time
yesterday.
过去完成时
had+done
had+been
done
Jim
had
finished
the
work.
The
work
had
been
finished
by
Jim.
过去将来时
would/should+do
would/should+be
done
He
said
he
would
make
a
kite.
He
said
a
kite
would
be
made
by
him.
含有情态动词
can/may/must+do
can/may/must+be
done
I
can
find
him.
He
can
found
by
me.
四：注意事项
知识
1
被动语态的基本变法
1.主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be
+及物动词的过去分词”，
时态不变。
第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
/
请对比下面的主动句和被动句：
主动语态：They(主语)　grow(谓语)　tea(宾语)　in
the
southeast
of
China.
被动语态：Tea(主语)　is
grown(谓语)　by
them　in
the
southeast
of
China.
2、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
She
gave
me
a
book.（变为被动语态）
→I
was
given
a
book
by
her.（间接宾语me变为主语）
→A
book
was
given
to
me
by
her.（直接宾语a
book变为主语）
温馨提示
间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring，give，send，show，pass，take，lend，post，teach，write，throw等。间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy，cook，find，get，make，save等。
3、短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。
The
children
have
been
taken
good
care
of.
这些孩子得到了很好的照料。
温馨提示
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
We
should
speak
to
the
old
politely.（变为被动语态）
→The
old
should
be
spoken
to
politely.
4.被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
知识
2
被动语态的特殊用法
1、不知或不必提及动作的执行者
不知道或者没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时，常用被动语态。
Three
people
were
injured.
三人受伤。
2、强调动作的承受者
当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有。
This
poem
was
written
by
Whitman.
这首诗是由惠特曼写的。
These
children
were
well
tended
by
neighbors.
这些孩子是由邻居精心照料的
3、动作的执行者很模糊
当动作的执行者是泛指时（如people，one等），常用语被动语态。
The
song
is
said
to
be
very
popular
abroad.
据说这首歌在国外很流行。
He
is
suspected
of
robbing
the
bank.
有人怀疑他抢银行。
4、出于礼貌，避免说出动作的执行者
有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，此时用被动语态。动作的执行者有可能是别人也有可能是自己。
The
window
was
broken
this
morning.
今天早上窗玻璃让人打碎了。
My
diary
book
has
been
browsed.
我的日记让人看了。
5、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态
The
window
was
blown
open
by
wind.
窗户被风吹开了。
The
whole
village
has
been
washed
away
by
the
flood.
整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
6、科技文献中为了客观地描述事物及其变化过程应使用被动语态
The
film
is
coated
with
light-sensitive
chemicals,
which
are
changed
by
the
different
shades
and
colors
of
light.
胶卷上涂有一层感光的化学物质，这些物质随着光的不同色度与颜色而改变。
7、在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性
The
West-East
Gas
Pipeline
Project
was
kicked
off
on
July
4,
2002,
a
big
event
in
the
nation's
West
Development
Campaign.
西气东输工程于2002年7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。
8、有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态
He
was
born
in
this
city.
他出生在这个城市。
知识
3
被动语态的使用中的易错点提示
1、主动形式表被动意义open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive，peel等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义。
This
kind
of
shirt
sells
well
here.
这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。
This
shirt
washes
well.
这件衬衫很耐洗。
2、某些连系动词:
look,
smell,
taste,
feel,
sound。主动形式表示被动意义。
3、说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。
grow
well
,
,wash
well
,
write
well
,
sell
well，read
well,
break
easily
,hurt
badly（疼得厉害）
4.只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take
place等，没有被动语态。
5.worth
,want，need，require等动词表示需要，后面常可跟v.+doing形式表被动，相当于to
be
done。
My
bike
needs
repairing.=
My
bike
needs
to
be
repaired.
我的自行车需要修理了。
Your
hair
wants
cutting.
你的头发该理了。
The
room
needs
cleaning.
这个房间需要打扫了。
6、关于被动语态结构的习惯用法
表示“据说”、“大家相信”、“众所周知”等的句型，由“It
is+believe/report/say/think/know...的过去分词”构成，现在这些句型已成为习惯用法。
It
is
said
that...
据说……
It
is
reported
that...
据报道……
It
is
believed
that...
大家相信……
It
is
well
known
that...
众所周知……
It
is
thought
that....
大家认为……
专项练习
一、根据句意,
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1.
A
lot
of
warm
clothes
________
(collect)
for
poor
people
every
winter.
2.
Jack
________
(tell)
to
hand
in
his
homework
before
he
went
home.
3.
He
________
(see)
to
leave
the
meeting
room.
Where
has
he
gone?
4.
We
________
(teach)
History
by
Mr.
Brown
this
term.
5.
He
________
(choose)
to
be
the
monitor
by
his
classmates
last
week.
6.
The
food
________
(look)
bad,
but
it
________
(taste)
OK.
7.
The
classrooms
in
the
tall
building
________
(clean)
by
the
students
every
day.
8.
Don't
worry
about
the
children.
They
________
(treat)
well
in
our
hospital.
9.
A
team
of
doctors
________
(send)
to
the
area
after
the
earthquake
________
(happen).
10.
More
great
changes
________
(take)
place
in
China
in
the
near
future.
二、句型转换
1.
They
use
the
back
door
as
an
exit.
(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
2.
We
were
invited
to
a
party
by
our
friends
yesterday.
(改为主动语态)
____________________________________
3.
A
short
story
“Hometown”
was
written
by
Lu
Xun.
(改为主动语态)
____________________________________
4.
My
parents
gave
me
a
nice
gift
last
weekend.
(改为被动语态)
①A
nice
gift__________________________
by
my
parents
last
weekend.
②I___________________________
by
my
parents
last
weekend.
5.
John
often
makes
us
laugh.
(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
6.
They
don't
speak
English
in
this
shop.
(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
7.
Amy
didn't
lock
the
door
last
night.
(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
8.
The
doctor
told
my
father
to
give
up
smoking.
(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
三、单项选择
1.
Now
waste
from
daily
life
in
the
city
of
Shanghai
______
to
be
separated
into
four
different
groups.
A.
is
requiring
B.
is
required
C.
was
required
D.
required
2.
Last
year
Huai’an
Flyover
(高架)
___
.
Now
it
brings
much
convenience
to
people.
A.
Finished
B.
finished
C.
is
finishing
D.
was
finished
3.
As
soon
as
books
______
,
the
volunteers
posted
them
to
the
students
in
Hope
Primary
School.
A.
are
raised
B.
were
raised
C.
raised
D.
have
raised
4.
In
Miss
Lin’s
class,
many
chances__________
to
students
to
learn
from
each
other.
A.
offer
B.
offered
C.
are
offering
D.
are
offered
5.
—When
shall
we
go
to
watch
the
basketball
match
in
the
sports
centre?
—Not
until
the
work
______
tomorrow.
A.
will
be
finished
B.
is
finished
C.
will
finish
D.
has
finished
6.
Leaflets
were
______
to
the
listeners
before
the
talk
began.
A.
handed
out
B.
put
out
C.
handed
in
D.
run
out
7.
Why
___
to
talk
about
it
yesterday?
A.
didn't
a
meeting
hold
B.
wasn't
a
meeting
held
C.
wasn't
held
a
meeting
D.
a
meeting
wasn't
held
8.The
cartoon
watches_______.
You
should
be
quick
to
get
one
before
they_______.
A.sell
well,
are
sold
out
B.
are
sold
well,
are
sold
out
C.
sell
well,
sell
out
D.
are
sold
well,
sell
out
9.The
dress
is
made
of
silk.
It_________
smooth.
A.
feels
especially
B.
is
felt
specially
C.
feels
special
D.
is
felt
special
10.
At
last,
the
girl
was
made
_______
and
began
to
do
her
homework.
A.
stop
listening
to
music
B.
to
stop
to
listen
to
music
C.
to
stop
listening
to
music
D.
stop
to
listen
to
music
11.—When
will
you
go
back
to
your
hometown?
—_________.
A.
Not
until
the
work
is
finished
B.
Until
the
work
is
finished
C.
After
the
work
will
be
finished
D.
As
soon
as
the
work
will
be
finished
12.
---Where
__________the
28th
Olympic
Games
__________?
---They
________
in
Beijing.
A.did;
hold;
took
place
B.
were
;
held;
were
taken
place
C.were;
held;
took
place
D.
did;
hold;
took
place
参考答案
一、
1.
are
collected
2.
was
told
3.
was
seen
4.
are
taught
5.
was
chosen
6.
looks;
tastes
7.
are
cleaned
8.
are
treated
/
will
be
treated
9.
were
sent;
happened
10.
will
take
二、
1.
The
back
door
is
used
as
an
exit
by
them.
2.
Our
friends
invited
us
to
a
party
yesterday.
3.
Lu
Xun
wrote
a
short
story“Hometown".
4.①was
given
to
me
②was
given
a
nice
gift
5.
We
are
often
made
to
laugh
by
John.
6.
English
is
not
spoken
by
them
in
this
shop.
7.
The
door
wasn't
locked
by
Amy
last
night.
8.
My
father
was
told
to
give
up
smoking
by
the
doctor.
三．
1~5
BDBDB
6~10
ABAAC
11-12AC