[2021年暑假课程][八年级英语学科 第4讲 现在完成时]（含答案）

第4讲
现在完成时
入门测
(
)1.
I
______at
this
school
for
two
years
already.
A.
am
studying
?
B.
study?
C.
studied?
D.
have
studied
(
)2.
They
______in
the
city
since
last
summer.
A.
live??
B.
didn’t
live?
C.
have
lived
?
D.
live
(
)3.
Mrs.
Wang
has
lived
in
Haikou
______1992.
A.
since??
B.
from???
C.
after???????
D.
in
(
)4.
She
______as
an
animal
trainer
since
2003.
A.
has
worked
B.
works
C.
will
work
D.
have
worked
(
)5.---Would
you
like
______
some
coffee?
---No,
thanks.
I______
some.
A.
have;
already
have
B.
had;
just
had
C.
having;
have
had
D.
to
have;
have
already
had
【参考答案】1.D
2.C
3.A
4.A
5.D
情景导入
Teacher：“When
did
you
go
to
Shenzhen
Middle
School?”
Students：“We
went
to
Shenzhen
Middle
School
two
years
ago.”
Teacher：“Are
you
still
studying
here?”
Students：“Yes,
we
are.”
Teacher：“So
you
have
studied
in
Shenzhen
Middle
Schooll
for
two
years.”
Teacher：“And
Miss
Mary
has
taught
you
English
for
two
years.”
学习目标
To
learn
the
structure
and
key
points
of
present
perfect.
To
learn
how
to
use
present
perfect.
Attract
students’
interest
to
English
learning.
知识精讲
现在完成时的用法和标志
一、概念：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
二、用法：
1.
现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。常用时间状语：already，yet，just，ever，never，before等。
Eg:
He
has
turned
off
the
light.
他已把灯关了。(灯现在不亮了。)
　　
I
have
spent
all
of
my
money.
我已经花完所有钱了。(现在我没有钱花了。)
2.
现在完成时的"未完成用法"
指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）及up
to
now,
so
far,
until
now,
for
the
past
few
years,
during
the
last
four
months,
through
history等连用。
　
Eg:
Mary
has
been
ill
for
three
days.
Mary
has
been
ill
since
three
days
ago.
【即学即练】
1.
It
seems
that
El
Nino
______some
disasters
in
the
world
in
the
past
few
months.
A.
has
caused
B.
is
causing
C.
will
cause
D.
caused
2.
This
medicine
_____millions
of
people’s
lives
since
it
was
put
into
use.
A.
is
saving
B.
will
save
C.
has
saved
D.
had
saved
3.
---Are
you
going
to
watch
“
Running
Man”
tonight?
---No!
I
_____
it
with
my
parents
only
once.
I
don’t
think
it’s
exciting.
A.
see
B.
have
seen
C.
will
see
D.
am
seeing
【参考答案】ACB
现在完成时的结构
肯定句
主语+
have/has+过去分词(done)+其他.
He
has
just
copied
all
the
new
words.
We've
just
cleaned
the
classroom.
否定句
主语+have/has
+not+过去分词+其他.
I
haven't
finished
my
homework
yet.She
hasn't
travelled
on
a
train.
一般疑问句
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,
主语
+
have/has.
否定回答：No,
主语
+
haven't/hasn't.No,
not
yet./No
,
never.
---Have
you
ever
made
dumplings?　
---Yes,
I
have.
/
No,
I
haven’t.---Has
she
ever
been
abroad?---No,
never.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？
---How
long
have
you
lived
in
Beijing?---I
have
lived
in
Beijing
for
ten
years.
【注：动词的过去分词构成规则】
规则变化
大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed
clean
cleaned
help
helped
以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d
like
liked
live
lived
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed
try
tried
study
studied
重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.
plan
planned
stop
stopped
【即学即练】
1.
写出下列单词的过去分词形式
work
_________
finish
___________
arrive___________
change_________
see___________
have___________
marry__________
visit__________
miss___________
meet___________
be
__________
2.
It’s
nice
to
see
you
again.
We
each
other
since
2014.
A.
won’t
see
B.
don’t
see
C.
haven’t
seen
D.
didn’t
see
3.
---_____
you
ever
_____
Han
Hong
sing
live
?
---Of
course.
A
couple
of
times
in
different
cities.
A.
Have,
seen
B.
Did,
see
C.
Do,
see
D.
Are,
seeing
【参考答案】
1.
worked;
finished;
arrived;
changed;
seen;
had;
married;
visited;
missed;
met;
been
2-3
CA
现在完成时的五个考点
1.
have
been
to
/have
gone
to
/have
been
in
的区别
have
been
to
+地点
表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。(once
,twice...)
have
gone
to
+地点
表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。(where
is
sb
?)
have
been
in
+地点
表示在某地呆多长时间。（for…../
since
…..）
Eg:
I
have
been
to
Beijing
twice.
我去过北京两次。
---Where
is
Tom?
---
He
has
gone
to
America.
汤姆在哪里？
他去了美国。
I
have
been
in
Shenzhen
for
two
years/
since
two
years
ago.
我已经在深圳两年了。
2.
现在完成时和一般过去时区别
现在完成时与现在有关的时态，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。
一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关，若询问该动作发生在过去的具体的时间时，只能用一般过去时。试比较：
The
plane
has
arrived.
飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The
plane
arrived
a
quarter
ago.
飞机是一刻钟以前来的。（强调动作发生时间在过去）
I
have
taught
here
for
fifteen
years.
我在这儿教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能继续）
I
taught
here
a
year
ago.
我一年前在这儿教书。（表示我现在已经不在这任教了）
3.
since
和for
区别
since
+
时间点（过去一个时间点/
一段时间
+
ago/
从句）
for
+
时间段,与延续性动词连用。
如：
I
have
worked
in
Shenzhen
since
2007.
I
have
worked
in
Shenzhen
since
five
years
ago.（since+从句，从句用一般过去时）
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
ten
years
old.
I
have
worked
in
Shenzhen
for
five
years.
4.
短暂性动词和延续性动词区别
①
短暂性动词：表示不能延续的动作，如：open,
die,
close,
begin,
come,
go,
move,
borrow,
lend,
buy
等
②
延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，如：learn,
work,
stand,
lie,
know,
walk,
keep,
have
等
短暂动词不能和时间段连用，若与时间段连用，必须将短暂性动词改成延续性动词。
短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换
短暂性动词转化为意思相同的延续性动词
borrow/lend—keep
借—保有
put
on—wear/
be
in
穿上
become—be
变—是
get
to
know—know
了解
buy—have/
own
买—拥有
catch
a
cold—have
a
cold
感冒
receive—
have
收到—拥有
go
to
sleep—sleep
去睡觉
join—
be
in
member
of+组织/
be
in
the+
组织
加入
(2)将短暂性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”
begin—be
on上演（last
持续）
go
there—be
there
去那
come
back—be
back
回来
come
here—be
here
来这
open—be
open
开
close—be
closed
关着
die—be
dead
死
marry—be
married
结婚
finish—be
over
结束
go
to
bed—be
in
bed
睡觉
leave—be
away
(from)
离开
return—be
back
返回
get
out—be
out
出去
fall
asleep—be
asleep
入睡
lose—be
lost
丢失
fall
ill—be
ill
生病
buy—have
买；borrow/lend—keep
借
I
bought
the
camera
last
week.
我上周买了部相机。
I
have
had
the
camera
for
a
week.
相机我买了一个星期。
die—be
dead
死；leave—be
away
离开
The
man
died
two
years
ago.
这个男人两年前死的。
The
man
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
这个男人死了两年了。
join—be
in
the
+组织/
be
a
member
of+组织
She
joined
the
army
two
years
ago.
She
has
been
a
solider
for
two
years.
她入伍两年了。
open—
be
open
开张；
close—be
closed
关闭
The
shop
opened
last
year.
=
The
shop
has
been
open
for
a
year.
商店开了一年了。
5.
现在完成时的主要句型
1).
主语+have/has
+延续性动词的过去分词+
for+
时间段
He
has
learned
English
for
nearly
two
years.
他学习英语近两年了。
2).
主语+have/has
+延续性动词的过去分词+since
时间点
/since+从句（从句用一般过去时）.
I
have
worked
in
the
factory
since
2007.
We
have
lived
in
Shenzhen
since
I
was
born.
我自从出生以来就住在深圳。
3).
It’s
+时间段+since
+一般过去时
It
is
two
years
since
he
died.=
He
died
two
years
ago.=
He
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
他死了两年了。
【即学即练】
1.
同义句转换
1)
Li
Lei
joined
the
Party
three
years
ago.
Li
Lei
the
Party
three
years.
Li
Lei
the
Party
three
years
ago.
2)
My
father
left
Guizhou
last
week.
My
father
Guizhou
a
week.
My
father
Guizhou
last
week.
William
Shakespeare
______
for
400
years,
but
his
works
still
have
great
influence
today.
A.
died
B.
was
dying
C.
has
died
D.
has
been
dead
3.
I
_____
my
hometown
for
a
long
time.
I
really
miss
it.
A.
went
away
from
B.
have
been
away
from
C.
have
left
【参考答案】
1.
1)
has
been
in;
for/
has
been
in;
since
2)
has
been
away
from;
for/
has
been
away
from;
since
2-3
DB
当堂练习
一、写出下列单词的过去分词形式
prefer__________
do___________
hear____________
live____________
clean________
study___________
plan____________
take_________
stop____________
keep____________
buy_________
spend____________
learn___________
forget__________
bring____________
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.
Mr.
and
Mrs.
White
________
already
________
(live)
in
the
small
town
for
about
seventy
years.
2.
____
you
______
(find)
your
science
book
yet?
3.
---Where
is
Lily?
She
_______
(be)
here
just
a
moment
ago.
---
She
__________
(go)
to
the
computer
room.
4.
The
students
____________
(read)
English
when
the
teacher
came
in.
5.
---
_________
they
ever
_______
(be)
to
Hong
Kong
after
it
returned
to
China?
---
Yes.
Only
once.
6.
Mr.
Smith
______
just
______
(have)
lunch.
Now
he
_______
(have)
a
rest.
7.
We
________never
_______
(keep)
a
rabbit
as
a
pet
before.
8.
---How
many
English
great
films
________
you
_______
(see)
so
far?
---
About
15.
9.
There
________
(be)
great
changes
in
our
country
in
the
past
25
years.
10.
---
Daniel,
I
________
(buy)
an
English-Chinese
dictionary.
---
Really?
Where
_______
you
________
(buy)
it?
---
In
Xinghua
Book
Store
on
Shanxi
Road.
11.
I
_______
(read)
the
novel
twice.
It’s
interesting.
12.
Mr.
Chen
_________
(give)up
smoking
last
year.
13.
---
She
_____
(go)
to
Pairs,
hasn’t
she?
---
Yes.
---
How
______
she
_______
(go)
there?
---
She
_______
(go)
there
by
air.
三、同义句转换
1.
The
factory
opened
in
1996.
The
factory
twenty
years.
The
factory
since
1996.
2.
Mr.
Wang
reached
Beijing
five
days
ago.
Mr.
Wang
Beijing
five
days
ago.
Mr.
Wang
Beijing
five
days.
3.
The
film
began
ten
minutes
ago.
The
film
for
.
The
film
since
四、单项选择
1.
How
long
have
you
_______
here?
A.
come
B.
got
C.
arrived
D.
been
2.
My
grandpa
died
_________.
A.
at
the
age
of
my
2.
B.
for
2
years.
C.
when
I
was
2
years
old.
D.
my
age
was
6.
3.
Jane
has
_____
to
Beijing.
She
will
come
back
tomorrow.
A.
been
B.
gone
C.
went
D.
never
been
4.
It
is
ten
years
_____
I
last
saw
her.
A.
after
B.
since
C.
for
D.
that
5.
---Who
will
go
to
the
station
to
meet
Lorry?
---I
will.
I
_____
her
several
times.
A.
met
B.
have
met
C.
had
met
D.
will
meet
6.
---What
a
nice
dress!
How
long
_____
you
_____
it?
---Just
2
weeks.
A.
will,
buy
B.
did,
buy
C.
are,
having
D.
have,
had
7.
---Do
you
know
Lydia
very
well?
---Yes,
She
and
I
_____
friends
since
we
were
very
young.
A.
have
made
B.
have
become
C.
have
been
D.
have
turned
8.
The
Smiths
_______
in
China
for
8
years.
A.
has
lived
B.
lived
C.
have
been
D.
live
9.
---
Hello,
this
is
Mr.
Green
speaking.
Can
I
speak
to
Mr.
Black?
---
Sorry.
He
______
the
Bainiao
Park.
A.
has
been
to
B.
has
gone
to
C.
went
to
D.
will
go
to
10.
---____
you
ever
____
to
the
US?
---
Yes,
twice.
A.
Have,
gone
B.
Have,
been
C.
Do,
go
D.
were,
going
11.
Hurry
up!
The
play
__________
for
ten
minutes.
A.
has
begun
B.
had
begun
C.
has
been
on
D.
began
12.
---These
farmers
have
been
to
the
United
States.
---Really?
When
_____
there?
A.
will
they
go
B.
did
they
go
C.
do
they
go
D.
have
they
gone
13.
---Our
country
______
a
lot
so
far.
---Yes.
I
hope
it
will
be
even
______.
A.
has
changed;
well
B.
changed;
good
C.
has
changed;
better
D.
changed;
better
14.
He
has
_______
been
to
Shanghai,
has
he?
A.
already
B.
never
C.
ever
D.
still
15.
The
famous
writer
_____
one
new
book
in
the
past
two
year.
A.
is
writing
B.
was
writing
C.
wrote
D.
has
written
【参考答案】
一、写出下列单词的过去分词形式
preferred;
done;
heard;
lived;
cleaned;
studied;
planned;
taken;
stopped;
kept;
bought;
spent;
learned;
forgotten;
brought;
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.
have
lived
2.
Have;
found
3.
was;
has
gone
4.were
reading
5.
Have
been
6.
has
had;
is
having
7.
have
kept
8.
have
seen
9.
have
been
10.
bought;
did;
buy
11.
have
read
12.
gave
13.
has
gone;
did;
go;
went
三、同义句转换
1.
has
been
open
for/
has
been
open
2.
has
been
in;
since/
has
been
in;
for
3.
has
been
on;
ten
minutes/
has
been
on;
ten
minutes
ago
四、单项选择
DCBBB
DCCBB
CBCBD
当堂总结
今天的收获：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
出门测
一、用
since和for填空。
1.
________
five
years
2.
________
five
years
ago
3.
________
last
year
4.
________
2009
5.
________
January
6.
________
a
month
7.
________
6
hours
8.
________
an
hour
ago
二、用
have/has
been
to,
have/has
been
in,
have/
has
gone
to填空。
1.
John
______________
England
since
he
came
back.
2.
How
long
_________
he
__________
this
village?
3.
The
Smiths
______________
Beijing
for
years.
4.
---_________
you
ever
__________
America?
---Yes.
I
______________
there
many
times.
5.My
father
______________
England.
He
will
be
back
tomorrow.
单项选择。
(
)1.
I
must
return
the
camera
to
Li
Lei.
I
_______
it
for
two
weeks
A
keep
B
borrowed
C
have
kept
D
have
lent
(
)2.
---Why
didn’t
you
go
to
see
the
dolphin
show
with
me?
---Because
I
_______
it.
A.
saw
B.
will
see
C.
see
D.
have
seen
(
)3.
---Do
(??/?Users?/?maoalan\\x?/?3.Do?)
you
know
him
well
---Sure.
We
_______
friends
since
ten
years
ago.
A.
were
B.
have
been
C.
have
become
D.
have
made
(
)4.
---Where
is
Miss
Gao.
Lily?
---She
_______
to
the
teachers
office
A.
has
been
B.
has
gone
C.
went
D.
would
go
(
)5.
He
_______
a
city
bus
for
over
twenty-five
years.
A.
is
driving
B.
drove
C.
has
driven
D.
drives
(
)6.
Not
many
people
know
him,
although
he
_______
more
than
100
songs.
A.
already
wrote
B.
have
already
written
C.
has
already
written
D.
was
already
writing
(
)7.
---Whom
are
you
waiting
for?
---Gary’s
parents.
But
neither
of
them
_______
yet.
A.
arrived
B.
has
arrived
C.
are
arriving
D.
is
arriving
(
)8.
---May
I
speak
to
Mrs
Li,
please?
---Sorry
she
_______
London.
But
she
will
be
back
in
two
days.
A.
has
been
to
B.
has
gone
to
C.
went
to
D.
goes
to
(
)9.
Mr
Li
_______
our
school
since
two
weeks
ago.
And
he
will
be
back
next
month.
A.
has
been
in
B.
left
C.
has
been
away
from
D.
has
left
(
)10.
---You
seem
to
know
much
about
the
city.
---That’s
true.I
_______
it
three
times.
A.
visited
B.
had
visited
C.
have
visited
D.
will
visit
【参考答案】
一、选择适当单词成短语填空。
1.
for
2.
since
3.
since
4.
since
5.
since
6.
for
7.
for
8.
since
二、用
have/has
been
to,
have/has
been
in,
have/
has
gone
to填空。
1.
has
been
in
2.
has...been
in
3.
have
been
in
4.
Have...been
to,
have
been
5.
has
gone
to
三、单项选择。
1-5
CDBBC
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