英 语 基 本 句 型
英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：
1、主语———动词———表语
2、主语———动词
3、主语———动词———宾语
4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
5、主语———动词———宾语———补语
掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。
一、主语---动词----表语
在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)
注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
二、主语———动词
在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)
4.The engine broke down.
注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。
1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
三、主语———动词———宾语
在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。
1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)
注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。
四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
1.He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2.She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
3.She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4.She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5.Tell him I'm out.
6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？
五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语
在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(to be做宾补)
7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)
注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意：
1.习惯用语的使用
在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。
例：
We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)
2.在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。
例：ask
①Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)
②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)
③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)
⑤Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)
⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)
3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有…”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight？
⑥there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job？
There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：
Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：
You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do，we went home.(独立主格结构)
■巩固性练习
请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4.She seemed angry.
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？
7.Will you tell us an exciting story？
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10.Can you push the window open？
答案：
1.主语---动词
2.主语---动词---宾语---补语
3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
4.主语---动词----表语
5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
7.主语---动词---宾语---补语
8.主语---动词---宾语---补语
9.主语---动词---宾语---补语
10.主语---动词---宾语---补语 (共44张PPT)
外研小学起点
初二(下)
Module 1
Unit 3
Language in use
1. 组成句子的成分叫句子成分。
2. 在句子中, 词与词之间有一定的组合关系, 按照不同的关系, 可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
3. 句子成分由词或词组充当。
句子成分
4. 英语的基本成分有六种: 主语(subject), 谓语(predicate), 表语(predicative), 宾语(object), 定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。
主 语
1. 主语是一个句子的主题, 也是句子的主体, 表示句子主要说明的人或事物。
2. 它的位置一般在句首。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。
e.g. The meeting will begin at 9:00. (名词)
We study in No. 1 Middle School.(代词)
Smoking is bad for you. (动名词)
谓 语
谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。 一般放在主语之后。
2. 谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表 语担当。
3. 谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上 保持一致。
e.g. We work hard. (动词）
Mike likes his new book.
His parents are teachers.
(连系动词+表语)
She is reading.
表 语
1. 表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。
2. 表语位于连系动词之后, 二者构成系表结构, 即合成谓语。
3. 表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。
e.g. Her brother is a driver.(名词)
Are you ready (形容词)
We were at home last night.
(介词短语)
This book is mine, not yours. (代词)
The film is exciting. (现在分词)
宾 语
1. 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。
2. 只有及物动词可带宾语, 有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。
3. 由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、 短语或句子担当。
e.g. He often helps me. (代词)
We study English at school. (名词)
If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. (数词)
Remember to buy some stamps.
(动词不定式)
He likes making you laugh. (动名词)
He said, “You are wrong.” (句子)
Do you understand what I mean (从句)
宾语补足语
位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系, 它们一起构成复合宾语。
1. 名词/代词宾格 + 名词：
The war made him a soldier.
2. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词：
Please keep the room clean.
3. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语：
I often find him at work.
4. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式：
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
5. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词：
I saw a cat running across the road.
状 语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语的通常是副词。
1) 副词 (短语) 作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much.
(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now. (时间状语)
2) 介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. (地点状语)
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. (条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. (时间状语)
3) 不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework. (目的状语)
4) 名词作状语:
Come this way! (方向状语)
定 语
1. 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子的句子成分。
2. 定语有前置定语和后置定语。
3. 充当定语的词有:
形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词所 有格、方位副词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、过去分词和从句等。
e.g. Tom is a handsome boy.
(形容词作定语 )
His name is Tom. (代词作定语)
The boy in blue is Tom.
(介词短语作定语)
There is nothing to do today.
(不定式作定语)
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S V (主＋谓）
基本句型二: S V P (主＋系＋表)
基本句型三: S V O (主＋谓＋宾)
基本句型四: S V O O (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
基本句型五: S V O C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
Complete Sentence b with the same meaning as a.
e.g. a) I saw him. He was playing
the violin.
b) I saw him playing the violin.
1. a) When I hear that song, I feel happy.
b) That song always makes ________ .
2. a) He found a wallet. The wallet was lying on the road.
b) He found ______________________.
me happy
a wallet lying on the road
3. a) When my mother has too much housework, I often help her.
b) I often help _____________________.
4. a) Parents often say: “Children should be polite.”
b) Parents often ask ________________
my mother do housework
children to be polite.
Put the words and phrases in the correct order to make sentences. (Activity 1)
Answers:
1. ________________________________
________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
I bought my mother a new book for
her birthday.
She showed me her stamp collection.
I often watch sport on TV.
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. _______________________________
9. _______________________________
I’m a writer.
I read a lot.
My father wanted me to be a musician.
I heard her sing.
There are lots of fans in the museum.
I’m playing the piano.
Complete the sentences with the words
and expressions in Activity 3.
Answers:
1. _____________ 2. ______________
3. _____________ 4. ______________
5. _____________ 6. ______________
7. _____________ 8. ______________
because
as a result
as well as
such as
tidy up
look after
spend; in
come out
Complete the passage with the words
and expressions in Activity 5.
Answers:
1. ________ 2. _________ 3. _______
4. ________ 5. _________ 6. ________
7. ________ 8. _________ 9. ________
tidying up
hobbies
As a result
stamps
such as
fan
model
tickets
collection
Look at the picture in Activity 4. What activities does it show
Activities: cycling; painting; making model; looking after animals; reading
Discuss with your partner.
1. Which are the most creative
2. Which of them do you think you have
the skills for
3. Which is the most useful skill to learn
4. Which do you think would be the most
interesting for teenagers to do
Read the words and expressions in Activity 6. Fill them in the table.
Sports
Collection
Others
climbing
swimming
tennis
volleyball
dolls
fans
models
stamps
tickets
camping
growing vegetables
looking after animals
painting
taking photos
Activity 7
Listen and choose the best answer.
Answers:
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. _____
4. ______ 5. ______
b
a
c
c
a
Read the passage about “ Historical
hobbies” and complete the sentences.
1. English people have a hobby and
they like to live in the way that
__________________.
people lived long ago
2. Some people in England ___________
_______ people wore in the past.
3. At the ________, they live in the way that people did in the past.
4. From this hobby, English people can __________________ in the past.
dress in the
clothes
learn a lot about life
weekend
Why do you think people do this
Would they like to do it
Is there anything like this in China
Imagine a person, or tell about a real person if you know. Describe how strange and how special his hobby is.
Now if you want to make a survey about others’ hobbies, what questions do you want to ask Discuss in groups and try to make a questionnaire.
Make a hobby questionnaire!
Topic Question Answer 1 Answer 2
Sport
Book
Country
Food
Technology
Transport
Do the survey and make notes.
Think about what kind of information
might be interesting to find out. e.g.
Which hobbies teenagers really don’t
like or which hobbies you all like.
Write up your results and present them
with charts and tables to us.
1. You can’t work all the time. You need a h_____ to relax, for example, listening to music.
2. After you have finished cooking, you must t___ everything up.
请根据句意及所给首字母提示补全所缺单词。
idy
obby
3. I like this book. It is full of u_____ information.
4. Which a ______do you like better, playing volleyball or swimming
5. I saw many ships s_____ in the sea.
ailing
seful
ctivity
Translate the phrases.
1) 将来 _____________
2) 结果 _____________
3) 山地自行车运动 _______________
4) 出版 ______________
5) 例如 ______________
in the future
as a result
mountain biking
come out
such as
6) 试图做某事____________
7) 整理 _______
8) 同......一样__________
9) 空闲时间 ________
10) 照顾 ___________
try to do sth.
tidy up
as well as
free time
look after
1. 主语+系动词+表语
2. 主语+谓语+状语
请根据所给句子结构分别写出一个英文例句。
The film is fantastic.
She gets up early every morning.
3. 主语+谓语+宾语
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+补语
Miss Wang teaches Chinese.
My father bought me a new bike.
I often help my father wash his car.
Thank you for listening!Module 1 Hobbies 单元测试题
一、单项填空 （共20分，每小题2分）
从下列各题所给的四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。将其字母代号写在题前括号内。
( ) 1. John sings very well. We listened to sing a beautiful song yesterday.
A. he B. him C. she D. her
( ) 2. The room a bit untidy now. Why don’t you tidy it up
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 3. Don’t be shy. Try English as much as possible..
A. speak B. spoke C. speaking D. to speak
( ) 4. The girl is too young. Don’t make her the piano all the time.
A. practises B. practising C. practise D.to practise
( ) 5. I like books. I’ve got a wonderful of different kinds of books.
A. collection B. interview C. hobby D. holiday
( ) 6. Bob enjoy playing computer games. He all his free time on it.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
( ) 7. Reading is a good hobby because it can _______you enjoyment and success.
A. carry B. take C. bring D. teach
( ) 8. I will help my mother the pet dog while she is abroad.
A. look after B. look through C. look into D. look like
( ) 9. Daming’s hobby is collecting tickets. He them for two years.
A. collects B. collected C. will collect D. has collected
( )10. Let’s do new or different. We have already played the game for two hours.
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
二、完形填空（共10分，每小题1分）
根据短文大意，从各题所给的选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。将其代号填入题前括号内。
Jack is an English teacher at a college. He moved to New York City 1 all the members of his family. Jack is an excellent teacher, so we’ve all 2 him very much since he left. It was not long before Jack came back to North Carolina for a short 3 . The teachers and students held a small party for him.
At the party, people walked around and 4 with each other. I certainly would not give up that good chance to learn English. So I tried to think of all kinds of topics to talk with Grace, another _____5____teacher.
Just before I was about to run out of my topics, suddenly I 6 Jack say to others loudly, “I dig New York!” I immediately asked Grace, “Is it really difficult to find a 7 in New York Why does Jack have to do 8 work since he is such a good teacher ”
Grace didn’t seem to 9 what I said, “Why do you think that ” she asked.
“Haven’t you heard him say that he is digging New York Is he building an underground passage (地下通道) ” I asked.
When she finally realized (明白) what I meant, Grace laughed to tears. She then asked us whether (是否) we 9 the meaning of “I dig New York.” All of 10 shook heads and said no. So Grace asked Jack to explain it to us.
It turns out that “ I dig New York.” means “I love New York.” in American slang (俚语). Though few people say that now, we still hear it from time to time.
( )1. A. after B. with C. of D. in
( )2. A. missed B. loved C. liked D. thought
( )3. A. trip B. holiday C. talk D. visit
( )4. A. talked B. spoke C. helped D. danced
( )5. A. Chinese B. English C. maths D. music
( )6. A. heard B. listened C. made D. told
( )7. A. teacher B. job C. work D. book
( )8. A. busy B. free C. heavy D. easy
( )9. A. knew B. got C. thought D. heard
( )10. A. her B. them C. you D. us
三、阅读理解（共10分，每小题2分）
根据短文内容， 从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。将其代号填入题前括号内。
One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town. Suddenly the bag fell from his horse on the road. He didn’t know what to do about it because it was too heavy for him to lift (举起) by himself. He only hoped that somebody would soon pass (经过) by and help him.
Just at this moment a man riding a horse came up to him. But the farmer was very disappointed（失望的）when he saw who he was. It was the great man living nearby. The farmer had hoped to ask another farmer or a poor man like him for help.
But to his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came nearer. He said to the farmer, “I see you need help, friend. How good it is that I’m here just at the right time,” Then he took one end of the bag, the farmer took the other. They together lifted and put it on the horse.
“Sir,” asked the farmer, “how can I pay you ”
“It’s quite easy,” the great man answered with a smile, “Wherever (无论在哪里) you see anyone in trouble, do the same for him.”
( )1.What happened when the farmer went to town
A. His horse’s leg was hurt. B. The bag fell from his horse.
C. The farmer lost his bag. D. His bag was stolen.
( )2. The farmer didn’t lift the bag onto the horse by himself because .
A. the bag was broken B. the horse went away
C. the bag was too heavy D. the farmer was ill
( )3. Why was the farmer very disappointed when he saw the great man Because he thought the great man .
A. couldn’t see him B. could take away his bag
C. could take away his horse C. couldn’t help him
( )4. Who helped the farmer
A. A great man. B. Another farmer. C. A poor man. D. A friend.
( )5. What does the story mainly (主要地) tell us
A. Everybody should become a great man.
B. We should help the man who is in trouble.
C. Everybody couldn’t do as the farmer did.
D. We should pay for other’s help.
四、口语交际 （共30分，每小题3分）
（一）根据实际情况或想象，回答下列问题。将答案写在题号下相应的横线上。
1. What is your hobby
2. When did you start it
3. Have your parents give you any advice on your hobby
4. How much time do you spend on your hobby
5. What have you learnt through your hobby
（二）根据上下文补全对话，将所缺少的内容写在相应的横线上。
Tony: Excuse me.
Mary: My hobby is reading story books, especially English stories.
Tony:
Mary: Because it can help me develop the reading skills and learn knowledge (知识) as well. What’s your hobby, Tony
Tony: No, I think it’s hard to read books. I’m interested in playing computer games.
Mary:
Tony: One hour a day.
Mary: Really So much time! I think .
Tony: Yes, you are right. I decide to do something new and different next school year.
五、完成句子（共15分，每小题3分）
根据中文提示完成句子，将所缺少的内容写在相应的横线上。
1. 在我六岁的时候，我妈妈给我买了一台电脑。
My mother when I was six years old.
2. 托尼的父母不想让他在玩儿电脑游戏方面花费太多的时间。
Tony’s parents too much time playing computers.
3. 有空时帮你父母做些家务很有好处。
It is very good when you are free.
4. 爱好不但能使你成功，还能发展你的兴趣。
Hobbies can not only develop your interest.
5. 杰克擅长画画，他从很小就对画画感兴趣。
Jack is good at drawing. it since he was very young.
六、书面表达 （共15分）
根据中文提示和英文书信内容，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回信。
（信的开头和结尾已给出，其字数不计入所完成的回信内）
假设你叫李明，是美国中学生Tom的笔友。请您根据他给你的电子邮件内容写一封回信。谈谈你的个人爱好情况及你对个人爱好的看法。
Dear Li Ming,I’d like to know what your hobby is. Do you spend much time on it My favourite hobby is collecting stamps. I’ve got a wonderful collection of them now. My father bought me the first stamp-album (集邮簿) when I was ten years old. I began to collect stamps from then on. It has brought me great enjoyment but it takes me a lot of time. Sometimes I forget to do my schoolwork. My mother wants me to stop it because she thinks it bad for my study. What do you think about it Yours,Tom
Hi Tom,
It’s very nice to hear that you have a hobby of collecting stamps.
Yours,
Li Ming
Module 1 Hobbies
一、单项填空 （共20分，每小题2分）
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
二、完形填空 （共10分，每小题1分）
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A
三、阅读理解 （共10分，每小题2分）
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B
四、口语交际 （共30分，每小题3分）
（一）回答问题
1. My hobby is listening to music. 2. I started it when I was ten.
3. Yes, they have. 4. I spend two hours a week.
5. I’ve learnt some skills of collecting things.
（二）补全对话
What is your hobby Why do you like reading story books
Do you like reading books How long does it take you to play computer games
you shouldn’t spend so much time on it.
五、完成句子（共15分，每小题3分）
1. bought me a computer 2. don’t want him to spend
3. to help your parents do some housework 4. make you successful but also
5. He has been interested in
六、书面表达 （共15分）
Hi Tom,
It’s very nice to hear that you have a hobby of collecting stamps. I like doing sports and listening to music in my free time. But my real hobby is music. It takes me about half an hour to listen to it after I finish my homework every day. It makes me relaxed and happy. I think different people have different hobbies. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are creative. Anyway, hobbies can make us grow as a person, develop our interests and help us learn new skills. Sometimes they can bring us success. But we shouldn’t spend all our time on our favourite hobbies. There are many other interesting and important things to do in our life.
Yours,
Li Ming(共12张PPT)
Module 1 Hobbies Unit 1 Do you collect anything
Collecting fans/tickets/cars/trains/dolls/
Collecting stamps/knives/coins/books/
buttons/keys/ball-point pens/matchboxes
/drink cans,maps/telephone cards/
fossils….
Playing the violin
Listening to music
There are many hobbies.What’re they
car doll fan stamp ticket
Tony
Tony’s mum
Tony’s dad
√
√
√
√
√
√
Why does Tony’s mum want him to tidy up his room A. Because Tony is lazy.
B. Because Tony’s room is a bit tidy.
2. Whose hobby is expensive —A.Tony’s.
B. Tony’s father’s. C.Tony’s mother’s.
3. Which hobby do you think takes up the least space _________________________
Ticket collection.
1.Is Lingling’s room tidy
________________________
2.Is Sally interested in music
________________________
No,it isn’t.
Yes,she is.
Lingling’s hobby
Daming’s hobby
Sally’s hobbies
Sally’s plans
fan collection
ticket collection
music,doll collection
go to Radio Beijing, give
an interview on Starsearch
Translations.
1.Why do you like ticket collection
----Because(它占用最少的空间)
___________________________.
2.What’s wrong with your room
---Sorry my room is(有点零乱)
________________.(我将收拾整理)
___________________.
it takes up the least space.
a bit untidy
I will tidy it up
3.What does he have a collection of
他收藏扇子.
_____________________.
4.(什么使的你对音乐感兴趣 )
_____________________________
--My father is a musician. I often listen to him play the piano.
4.What do you like listening to
----(我一直喜欢听音乐)
______________________________.
What made you interested in music
He has a collection of fans
I like listening to music all the time
---Do you collect anything
---Yes,I do.I collect…/No,I don’t.
My hobby is…
1.What is your hobby
2.Why do you enjoy your hobby
3.When did you start doing it
4.How often do you…
5.Where do you… Module 1 Hobbies 单元测试题
一、单项选择。（20分）
( )1. The teacher made us__________ the words three times.
A. to say B. saying C. say D. said
( )2. Look at the picture. You can see a boy____________ .
A. climbing B. climb C. climbed D. to climb
( )3. Let’s ask him_____________ his best photos tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take
( )4. —“__________________”
—“My father will be back in half an hour.”
A. How long will your father be back
B. How soon will your father be back
C. How often will your father be back
D. How far will your father be back
( )5. The blouse______________ me 200 yuan.
A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
( )6. —My parents enjoy music.
—_________________.
A. So does my sister.
B. So did my sister
C. So my sister does
D. My sister does
( )7. —Mike and Sam I didn’t know they knew each other.
—_____________, but they seem to be old friends.
A. So did I B. So I did
C. Neither did I D. I didn’t neither
( )8. The pears in my basket are smaller than__________ in Jim’s
A. it B. that C. ones D. those
( )9. —What do people drink in America
—They drink________________.
A. potatoes and beef
B. Wine and beer
C. cakes and juice
D. bread and cabbages
( )10. Americans often take fish and chips_____________ home.
A. to B. for C. / D. at
( )11. My parents hope I can go home____________ supper this evening.
A. at B. with C. for D. in
( ) 12. Neither you nor Li Hua __________ playing football.
A. like B. is liking
C. likes D. are liking
( ) 13.—Could you pass me those apples
—___________________.
A. Here it is
B. They are here
C. Here you are
D. Here they are
( )14. Jack is my good friend. He often helps me____________ y homework
A. does B. do
C. done D. doing
( )15. A woman _________ a red coat was talking with our Chinese teacher, while the teacher was nodding (点头)________ a smile on her face.
A. in; in B. with; with
C. with; in D. in; with
( )16. I think the building is____________ higher than that one.
A. very B. much
C. many D. more
( )17. Wouldn't you like_______ tea, ___________
A. some; either B. any; to
C. some; too D. any; either
( )18. There are few_________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A. vegetables B. fruit
C. meat D. egg
( )19. The doctor often tells him____________ too much food at a time.
A. to take no B. not taking
C. not to take D. to not take
( )20. —Would you like to see the film with us tonight, Wang Hui
—_____________
A. Oh, no. That’s be too tired.
B. I’ll stay at home.
C. Yes, please.
D. I’d love to, but I have lots of things to do.
二、完形填空（20分）
A man was very hungry. He went into a 1 . He knew that the restaurant was famous 2 its bread because he had been there 3 . He 4 for five pieces of bread. But to his 5 , the bread was 6 small that he ate one at a mouthful(一口的). He said to the waiter, "Please tell me, is it because my mouth become bigger 7 the bread becomes smaller ”
"Oh, you know 8 about that, " said the waiter. "Now let me ask you a question. What 9 is it now
"Winter, why,9"the man was surprised.
"OK; Don't you know heat makes things 10 and cold makes things smaller "
( ) 1. A. school B. shop
C. restaurant D. station
( )2. A. at B. in
C. for D. on
( ) 3. A. before B. ago
C. later D. some time
( ) 4. A. wanted B. bought
C. asked D. thought
( ) 5. A. surprise B. surprised
C. pleasant D. worry
( ) 6. A. very B. so
C. too D. quite
( )7. A. or B. but C. and D. so
( )8. A. things B. something C. anything D. nothing
( )9. A. time B. month C. season D. year
( )10. A. longer B. shorter C. heavier D. bigger
三、阅读理解（30分）
A
Mr. Green had a farm in England. He and his wife grew a lot of things on the farm. They worked very hard. One day Mr. Green said to his wife, “Dear, let’s go to London next Sunday. We can have a good lunch there, and then we can go to the cinema.” His wife was very happy when she heard this, because she and her husband always ate a lot, and she didn’t like cooking three times every day.
They went to London by train and walked for an hour. When it was twelve o’clock, they wanted to have a meal. They looked at a few restaurants. In one of them there was a blackboard outside. On the blackboard was “Lunch 12:30 ￡1.50”.
“Well, that’s good,” Mr. Green said, “We eat for two hours for ￡1.50 here! This is the palce for us.”
( )1. Mr. Green took his wife to a very___________ restaurant.
A. expensive B. cheap C. new D. old
( )2. Mrs Green was happy because_____________.
A. She didn’t have to cook
B. Mr. Green ate too much
C. she couldn't eat much
D. they worked hard
( ) 3. Mr. and Mrs Green wanted to see a film ( 电影)____________.
A. before lunch
B. in the morning
C. in the afternoon
D. in the restaurant
( ) 4. The words on the blackboard told people that ____________.
A. they must eat a very slow lunch
B. they must eat for two hours
C. they could have lunch any time between 12:30 and 2:30
D. They must be in the restaurant at 12:30 and leave at 2:30
( ) 5. Mrs Green wanted to go into the restaurant because______________.
A. they could eat for a long time
B. they could eat quickly
C. she was in London
D. she was not hungry
(B)
A man came out of the airport. A lot of taxis were there. He asked the name of every taxi-driver. Then he took the 3rd one. It cost 5 dollars from the airport to the hotel. "How much does it cost for the whole day " the man asked. "One hundred dollars, "said the taxi-driver. This was very expensive, but the man said it was OK.
The driver took the man everywhere. He showed him all the parks and museums in the city. In the evening, they went back to the hotel. The man gave the driver I00 dollars and said, "What about tomorrow " The taxi-driver looked at the man and said, "Tomorrow It's another I00 dollars. " But the man said, "That's OK! See you tomorrow. "The driver was very pleased.
The next day the driver took the man everywhere again. They visited all the parks and museums again. And in the evening they went hack to the hotel. The
man gave the driver 100 dollars again and going home tomorrow. " The driver was because he liked the man and above all, 100 dollars a day was a lot of money. "So you're going home. Where do you come from " he asked. "I come from New York. "" New York!” said the driver. I have a sister in New York. Her name is Lucy. Do you know her Of course I know her. She gave me 200 dollars for you!"
( ) 6. The man came from______________.
A. America B. England
C. Canada D. Australia
( ) 7. The man took the 3rd taxi because
A. the 3rd driver was a kind-hearted man
B. the other taxi-drivers asked for more money
C. the other drivers didn't like him
D. he didn't want to spend his own money on the coming visit
( ) 8. Usually the cost of the travelling one day may be___________.
A. one hundred dollars
B. more than one hundred dollars
C. two hundred dollars
D. less than one hundred dollars
( )9. _____________asked the man to give the money for the taxi-driver
A. The man's sister
B. No one
C. The man himself
D. The driver's sister
( ) 10. The driver was unhappy_____________.
A. when the man asked every taxi-driver his name
B. during the two-day visit
C. when the man asked him for his sister's name
D. when he heard the man's last words
四、综合填空（30分）
Bruce lives o 1 a farm. He grows rice and wheat w 2 a tractor. It works f 3 and better. The air in the country is cleaner than that in the city. And the sky is b 4 , the land is greener. He likes the country b 5 than the city. His friend John a 6 with him. John lives in the city. Every year he goes to Bruce's farm. He likes working, playing, eating and staying in the open a 7 . He thinks the vegetables that they grow are the m 8 delicious of all. So he says, living in the country is more i 9 than 1 10 in the city.
参考答案：
一、1-5CABBB 6-10 ACDBC 11-15CCCBD 16-20BCACD
二、1-5CCACA 6-10BADCD
三、 1-5 BACCA 6-10ADDDD
四、 1-5 on, with, faster, bluer, better
6-10 agrees, air, most, interesting, liveModule 1 Hobbies
题材内容
本模块以爱好为话题，层层展开，内容主要谈论个人兴趣和爱好及其原因，表达喜欢和不喜欢，对各类爱好的归类选择和简单评价。所选用的对话和短文都是学生的爱好，贴近学生的生活实际，易于激发学生的兴趣，拓展视野。我们教师可以根据学生的不同爱好， 组织开展各种活动，也可以组织学生开展有关爱好的问卷调查，引导学生理性认识所见各种爱好并做必要的取舍，开展活动性学习，自主性学习，反思性学习。帮助学生了解国家间的差异，学会尊重他人并友好相处，培养跨文化交际意识。
教学目标
语言知识：
语音 能够正确使用语调，正确朗读一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
词汇 collect, collection, tidy, , doll, fan, stamp, untidy, least, interview, as, volleyball, sailing, creative, lazy, useful, develop, skill, camp, activity, workshop, professional, imagine, senior, teenage, teenager, result, enjoyment, success, should
词组 tidy up, take up, all the time, be interested in, mountain biking, as well as, such as, come out, as a result
语法 能正确感知句子的基本成份；掌握简单句的五种基本句型和There be 句型。
功能 能够以各类兴趣爱好作合理的归类和选择，培养健康的兴趣及爱好。
话题 以“兴趣与爱好”为话题。
语言技能：
听 能听懂有关表达个人兴趣爱好的话语，分辩和抓住话语中的细节信息。
说 能够询问并表达个人的兴趣爱好。
读 能够读懂有关个人兴趣爱好的描述，开展阅读技能训练。
写 能够编写有关个人兴趣爱好的调查表或倡议书。能正确使用简单句的基本句型来表达个人兴趣爱好。
演示与表达 能正确使用简单句的基本句型来表达个人兴趣爱好。
(3) 学习策略目标
学习一定程度形成自主学习，有效交际、信息处理、英语思维能力。
认知 联系，归纳，推测等技能。阅读报纸,提高自学能力。
调控 从同伴处得到反馈，对自己在叙述及作文中的错误进行修改
交际 学习运用恰当词语表达兴趣与爱好。
资源 通过网络报刊等其他资源获取更多简单英语的兴趣与爱好的信息。
自学策略 能够根据自己的情况预习教材并进行拓展。
合作学习策略 注意他人在表达兴趣时的表情及语言。注意学习策略共享。
(4)文化意识
了解不同国家人群不同的兴趣爱好，尊重对方的兴趣爱好，接纳对方的各种兴趣爱好并更好的理解他人。
(5)情感态度:
通过对他人兴趣爱好的了解，学会尊重他人的兴趣爱好，培养学生养成健康的兴趣爱好。通过各种不同的活动和任务的完成，进一步激发和巩固学生英语学习兴趣，维持较强的英语学习动机。
重点难点
重点：
(1)、通过谈论兴趣与爱好训练学生的听、说、读、写能力，掌握使用简单句表达兴趣爱好以及对兴趣爱好的简单评析。
(2)、了解句子基本成份(主语，谓语，直接宾语与间接宾语，宾语补足语，表语，状语)。
2、难点：
(1)、句子成份的辨析(主语，谓语，直接宾语与间接宾语，宾语补足语，表语，状语)
(2)、英语简单句的五种基本句型和There be句型。
三、教材处理
1、任务
核心任务：能够运用所学句型结构向不同的朋友介绍自己兴趣与爱好并对不同的兴趣爱好有积极的态度。三个环节如下：
pre-task：学生联系生活实际，激活背景知识。
Task-cycle：通过整个模块的听说读写的训练，强化“介绍自己的兴趣与爱好”的表达能力，为完成核心任务做好铺垫。
post-task：达成任务，展示成果，自我评价，反馈学习情况。
2、课时安排:第一课时：The new words and Listening and Vocabulary
第二课时: Dictation,Pronunciation and Speaking and do some exercises if possible.
第三课时：Vocabulary and reading
第四课时：Dictation and Writing
第五课时：Language in use
第六课时：The exercise lesson.
注：教学时还需根据学生的学、生活实际水平、接受程度及课堂出现的临时状况进行运用、调整及筛选。
第一课时：(Unit 1-1)
Lesson Type：Listening and speaking
Methods:PWP approach (pre-listening,while-listening,post-listening)
Learning task: (1)The students can read the new words in Unit 1.
(2)Do some listening and finish Activity 1.
(3)Go get some information from Activity 3 and finish Activities 4 .
Teaching Aids:Tape recorder and Muti-medium.
Teaching Procedures ：
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1. Language knowledge:
Key vocabulary: collect, collection, tidy, tidy up, doll, fan, stamp, untidy, least, take up, all the time, be interested in, interview
2. Listening skill: To understand conversations involving talking about one’s hobbies. Improve the students’ listening ability.
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media (or Tape recorder, OHP)
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Warming up and lead in
1. Greeting. Talk about the summer vacation.
How was your summer vacations
What did you do during the vacation
Are you interested in …
What did your father/ mother often do
Did he / she do it all the time
So his / her hobby is to ….(collect stamps)
Then show the new words in Unit 1 and read and learn them.
Step 2 Lisenting
1. List the hobbies of the family members’.
2. Guess what hobbies the teachers have. In this way show the new words “stamp, doll, fan”.
For example:Collecting fans, collecting (bus,train)tickets, collecting dolls,…
3. Talk about the hobbies:
Which hobby is expensive
Which hobby takes up the least space
Which hobby is good for us students
Which hobby do you like best
Step 3 Listening
1. Read the chart and predict Tony’s hobbies.
2. Listen and complete the chart.
3. Listen to the tape again and answer the questions about the tape.
Why does Tony’s mum want him to tidy up his room
Whose hobby is expressive
Which hobby do you think takes up the least space
4. Call back the answers from the whole class.
Step 4 Listen and read
1. Let the students read Activity 3 and finish Activity 4.
Show the following.
Lingling’s hobby music
Daming’s hobby fans
Sally’s hobby going to Radio Beijing
Sally’s plan. tickets
2. Listen to the tape of the conversation and match. (Activity 4) .Get to write down the answers in Activity 4.
3. Listen and repeat the conversation.At the same time we’ll learn the teaching points. For example:
(1)a bit untidy tidy up
(2)all the time….
….
4. Read the conversation together loudly. Read in a group of 3.
Step 5 Homework(1)Read and recite Activity 3 for 15 minutes.
(2)Finish some exercises.
第二课时：(Unit 1-2)
Lesson Type：Speaking
Methods:PWP approach
Learning task: (1)The students can revise the things in last lesson.
(2)Revise and finish Activitity 5 .
(3)Pronunciation and speaking.
(4)Talk about their hobbies in English.
Teaching Aids:Tape recorder.
Teaching Procedures ：
Step 1 Revision. The students will read Activity 3 together ,then have a dictation about the sentences in last lesson.
(1)Why does Tony’s mum want him to tidy up his room
(2)Which hobby do you think takes up the least space
(3)You’ve got a wonderful collection.
(4)I have a collection of dolls.
……
We’ll have a dictation about 10 important sentences.
Step 2 Compete the sentence in Activity 5.
Work in pairs.Act it out and let the students finish Activity 5.Ask the students to do this individually,then check with a partner.Call back the answer as complete sentences.Ask someone to write down the answers on the blackboard.
Step 3 Pronunciation and speaking
*Activity 6:Ask the students to read through the sentences to themselves.
*Play the recording and ask the students to listen and follow.
*Play it again,pausing after each sentence and have the students reapeat it chorally and individually.
*Ask the students to get into pairs to practise sayng the sentences and monitoring each other’s production.
Step 4 Making a conversation.
Who’s who
1. Ask the Ss to choose a character from the conversation.
2. Work in pairs, get each of them to find out which character his / her partner selects.
A: What is your hobby
B: My hobby always takes up a large space.
A: You must be Sally.
A: What is your hobby
C: …
Who is my good friend in the group
1. Divide the classroom into 3 or 4 groups. Ask the Ss in each group to make conversations one by one to find out who is a good friend of his/ hers.
2. Make conversations to find out who has the most hobbies or has the same opinions about hobbies.
3. Make conversations with the ones in the group like following:
A: Do you have a hobby
B: Yes, I do.
A: What’s your hobby
B: My hobby is to read books.
A: When did you start doing it
B: I started doing it when I was seven years old.
A: How often do you read books
B: I read books every day when I am free.
A: Where do you read books
B: I read books everywhere, in the classroom, bedroom, library and park and so on.
A: Why do you enjoy your hobby
B: I think reading can make me happy and know a lot about the world.
A: Do you want to change your hobby when you grow up
B: I don’t think so. Reading is important and relaxing.
4. Make sure the one who has the same opinion about hobbies or who has the most hobbies as you is your good friend.
5. A report about your good friend like the example given. (The Ss may substitute the underlined parts with their own needs)
I have a close friend in my group. He is Eric. We have the same hobby --Reading. Eric stated reading when he was seven years old and now he reads books every day when he is free. He often reads in the classroom, in his bedroom, in the library or even in the park. He thinks reading can make him happy and know a lot about the world. He also thinks reading is very important and relaxing. So he will continue reading in the future.
Talk aobut their hobbies.Work in pairs.Ask and answer about their hobbies.
The students can choose one topic to talk about.Then ask a few pairs to show their dialogues in class.
Step 5 Homework
1. Write a composition about their good friends’ hobbies.
2. Finish some exercises.
第三课时：Vocabulary and reading (Unit 2-1)
Lesson Type：Reading.
Methods:PWP model
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1. Language knowledge:
New words: as, mountain, volleyball, sailing, creative, lazy, useful, develop, skill, camp, as well as, activity, such as, workshop, professional, imagine, senior, teenage, teenager, come out, result, as a result, enjoyment, success, should
2. Reading skills:
(1). Get information about one’s hobbies in reading.
(2). Improve the students’ reading ability to understand the passage.
3. Attitudes: We should establish good hobbies.
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media (Tape recorder, video, OHP, handout)
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Guessing Game (Avtivities 1 and 2)
1. Show part of many pictures of different kind of hobbies and ask the Ss to guess what hobby it is. Then read the words in Activity 1.
2. While guessing, make simple comment on each hobby, like:
I like mountain biking because it is exciting.
I like painting because it is creative. You can draw everything you imagine in your mind
I like growing flowers and vegetables because it can bring me enjoyment and success.
I love singing very much, as a result, I know many professional singers such as Liu Huan, Michael Jackson.
Many teenagers like reading. Because they think it is useful and relaxing.
Many people like playing volleyball because they think this activity can develop their skills
I don’t like sailing because I am not a good swimmer and I don’t have good swimming skills.
Step 2 Talk abut the hobbies
1. Work in pairs, talk about the pictures.
A: What hobbies can you see in the picture …
B: I can see …
A: How do you think of the hobbies
B: I think … is creative/ relaxing/ useful…
A: Is it a usual activity in the school
B: Yes, it is also a usual activity on a summer camp.
Step 3 Scanning and skimming
1. Get the Ss to read the passage as quickly as possible.
2. Find out:
Whose is the special hobby
What is the special hobby
3. Call back the answers from the whole class.
Step 4 Reading for specific information
1. Present some true or false questions about detailed information from the passage.
David Smith likes writing. (T)
He learned writing during a summer camp of 2000. (T)
There was a professional writer on the camp. (T)
David wrote a story about his life in senior high school. (F)
David’s first book came out in 2003. (T)
His book was very popular. (T)
Writing was his only hobby in his free time. (F)
David decided to write more books in the future. (F)
2. Read the passage by themselves. And ask to finish the true or false exercises.
3. Check the answers with the whole class.
Step5 Reading for comprehension
1. Get the Ss to listen and repeat the passage simultaneously.
2. Present the following questions:
How many hobbies does David have
Which is he interested in most
When did David become a successful writer
Why has David been very lucky
What is David’s plan about his main hobby
Have any of your hobbies brought your great success
What skills have you learnt through your hobbies
3. Get the students to discuss the questions in pairs.
4. Call back the answers from the whole class.
5. Language points in the passage.
Many students have hobbies such as …
Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new …
As well as the usual activities, …
She asked us to imagine that we were in a story.
David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out…
…, and as a result, David has …
I spend some of my free time playing volleyball…
Maybe I’ll write more books in the future, but I’m not sure
Step6 Reading for further comprehension
1. Get the Ss to read the passage together loudly.
2. Discuss the following questions in groups.
What should we learn from David’s attitude towards his hobby
Why do people usually have hobbies
3. Share the ideas.
Step 7 Homework(1)Read Activity 3 for 15 minutes.
(2)Finish some exercises.
第四课时：Writing and Some activities in Unit 3(Unit 2-2)
Lesson Type：Writing and revision.
Methods:PWP model
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1. Writing skill: Write about one’s hobby. Improve the students’ writing ability.
2. To learn about the changing of hobbies in different time.
3. Attitudes: Saying goodbye to the bad or unhealthy hobbies.
Learning strategies
Top-down and Interactive approach and do some exercises.
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media (Tape recorder, video, OHP, handout)
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Revision
1. Brain storming. Present the questions one after another.
What do you like to do in your free time
How do you think of your hobby
What kills have you learnt from your hobby
Has your hobby often brought you success
What other things do you like to do
Step 2 Writing sentences
Look at the sentences of Activity 6.
Rewrite the sentences using “as well as, such as, or as a result”.
Write new sentences according to the examples individually.
4. Share the sentences in pairs.
Step 3 My classmate’s hobbies
Choose a partner from a different group.
Make a survey. Ask and list as many hobbies he or she has as possible. Using the following conversation as an example.( Substitute the underlined parts as they wish)
A: What hobbies do you have
B: My hobbies are playing football, listening to music, watching movies, reading, playing chess ,playing computer games and traveling.
A: Which one do you like best
B: Of all these things, I like playing football best.
A: Why do you like it best
B: Because I stay at school all the time. And I can often play football in my free time.
A: Who is the best football player you admire
B: Beckham.
A: Which team do you like best
B: Italy, of course. But I also like Brazil and Germany. They are all good teams.
A: Which hobby do you think can bring you success
B: Reading. By reading, I can get more knowledge and I can do better in my study.
Write a short passage called “My classmate’s hobby”. Use “as well as, such as or as a result”.
Step 4 Hobbies Recognition
List the hobbies the Ss mentioned in their compositions or that they often see on the board.
Pair work:
Which are the most creative
Which of them do you think you have the skill for
Which is the most useful skill to learn
Which do you think would be most interesting for teenagers to do
Classify the hobbies individually.
For adults
For teenagers
Creative
Skillful
Good for study
Bad for study
Good for health
Bad for health
Step 5 Module task—Saying goodbye to bad hobbies
A letter of sponsorship---Saying goodbye to bad hobbies.
Choose an object to write a letter of sponsorship. (To teenagers/ adults/ teachers/ parents)
Choose 1-3 bad hobbies.
List the bad points.
According to the bad points, write a letter individually.
Share the letters in a group.
Choose the best one to improve.
2. Share the best one from each group in class.
Step 6 Around the world
Read the passage “An interest in history”.
Mention the difference of some hobbies in the past.
Discuss what we can learn from these hobbies in the past.
Some famous proverbs:
No pains, no gains! 不劳无获。
An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
One good turn deserves another.行善积德。
Reading enriches the mind.开卷有益。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
There is no royal road to learning.书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。
Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。
Step 7 Homework
1． Finish the letters of sponsorship in groups and put on the board as an exhibition in the class.
2.Finish some exercises.
第五课时：Language in use.(Unit 3)
Lesson Type：Revision and application.
Methods:Formal and interactive practice
Key structures:
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1. To understand the sentence components . (The difficulty)
2. To practice the new vocabulary and expressions. (The importance)
3. To write simple sentences with the five sentence patterns.
Learning strategies: Formal instruction and task-based approach and interactive practice.
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media (video, OHP, handout if possible)
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1Make sentences(Activities 1-2)
1. Activity 1 Put the words and phrases in the correct to make sentences.Ask the students to do this activity individually,then check with a partner.Call bak the answers from the whole class as complete sentences.Finally I’ll ask someone to write down the answers on the blackboard.
2.Activity 2 Write a sentence with a similar pattern to each of these sentences.
Ask the students to do this individually,then compare answers with a partner.
Call back different examples for each sentence from the whole class.
Step 2Activity 3 Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in the box.
*Read through the expressions in the box with the whole class:if I wish,have them repeat them chorally and individually.
*Ask them to complete the task individually,then check with a partner.
*Call back the answers from the whole class as complete sentences.
Step 3 Activity 4 Look at the picture.What activities does it show
*Ask the students to do this individually,then compare their answers with a partner
*Call back answers from the whole class.
Step 4 Activity 5 Complete the passage with the words and phrases in the box.
*Read through the expressions in the box with the whole class; have them repeat them chorally and individually.
*Ask them to complete the task individually,then check with a partner.
Step 5 Activity 6 Write the words and phrases in the box in the correct colums.
*Read through the expressions in the box with the whole class;have them repeat them chorally and individually.
*Ask them to complete the task individually,then check with a partner.
*Call back answers from the whole class.
Step 6 Listening (Activity 7)
Predict. Read the five questions of Activity 7 on page 8. Predict the answer.
Listen to the tape and choose the right answers.
Listen again to check.
Call back the answers from the whole class.
Hand out the listening material. Read.
Step7 Complete the sentences and passage
Look at the answers to the listening practice and make as many sentences as possible to complete the sentences
Playing football is the most popular hobby with boys, as a result the boys…
Boys enjoy collect things as well as…
Teenagers have many hobbies such as …
Growing vegetables helps other people because…
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
(1). Pair the Ss to check with each other.
(2). Share the answers in the class.
3. Get the Ss to conduct Activity 5 on page 8.
(1). Read the passage first.
(2). Ask to complete it with the words in the box individually.
(3). Call back the answers from the whole class.
(4). Read the passage.
Step8 Module task:making a hobby questionnaire.(Activities 8-11)
If we have some time in class,we’ll do the activities.If we have no time,we’ll write a short passage after class.
Step 9 Homework
Finish some exercises.My Hobbies and Interests
Like many others, I have had numerous hobbies and interests throughout my life that seem to change with the times. A few of the more important are listed below.
Early Years:
I started out life as a water ski junky (a habit that lasted all the way through High School when we sold our boat). In fact, my formative years were spent on ski expeditions to the Colorado River. I could ski before I could ride a bike. I still like to water ski, but rarely get the chance. I also divided up my time putting together plastic models and playing board war games (preferably WW II). I used to love ticking off my friends by crushing them (like the dogs they are). I make an apology to any friends that read this document.
Modern Times:
I still have the same hobbies, but, due to time constraints imposed by life, I rarely get the chance. However, thanks to computers I can always find an opponent for a rousing rampage across the steppes of Russia or a chaotic carrier battle in the South Pacific. Nowadays I have picked up the dirty habits of golf and climbing around in big holes in the ground (caves).The history of stamp collecting
Stamp collecting is said to have begun when the first postage stamp appeared in Britain in 1840. At that time, fashionable ladies there often gathered used stamps to decorate their rooms, door curtains, windows and candy or fruit containers.
Around 1850, many countries followed Britain's example and used adhesive stamps denoting pre-paid postage. In order to arouse student's interest in geography, some teachers encouraged them to accumulate used stamps and paste them on maps. Under their influence, their parents and friends also took up stamp collecting as a hobby and pastime. By 1862, Stamp collecting had become very popular, collectors exchanged their duplicates, and people began to make stamp-albums for sale on the market. At the same time, deals also appeared and stamps became a commodity.
The earliest stamp shop in Britain was set up in 1861. At about the same time, a French woman became famous for selling foreign stamps in Paris. By now, stamp collecting had become a popular pursuit. Philatelists collected stamps about the arts, history, geography, industry, trade, science and culture for the purpose of enjoyment, research and enriching their knowledge. With the passage of time, stamp collecting gradually spread to all parts of the world. According to statistics, the number of stamp collectors before the Second World War had exceeded 10 million, and there are even more after the war.
At the beginning, people tried to get hold of the stamps of every country. As this was impossible and also too costly and time-consuming, many of them turned to limited fields, collecting stamps of only country, or of special fields, such as politics and history, or of limited subjects, such as maps, well-known personages, places of scenic or historical interest, animals, plants, and transportation.
Stamp collectors often began their pursuit merely for fun. Through long years of collecting and studying stamps, they gained a wealth of knowledge about the history of stamp issuance and postal service, and some of them have been invited by postal authorities to be their advisers. Module 1 辅导
一. 教学内容：
Module 1 Hobbies
二. 重点内容：
语法知识：英语语句的基本句型
语言知识：词汇及词语辨析
三. 具体内容：
（一）语法指南：
英语语句基本句型
语言是千变万化的，要掌握语言，必须掌握语言的核心。动词句型可说是语言的核心，是骨干。因此要对英语有比较全面的了解，应当抓住英语动词句型（English Verb Patterns）。掌握好这些基本句型，就可为灵活运用语言打下基础。
英语语句共有以下几种基本句型：
（1）主语+系动词+表语（+状语）
The weather is getting quite warm.
天气变得相当暖和。
I feel down today.
我今天心情不佳。
It sounds a good idea.
这听起来是个好主意。
（2）主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）
They sat together very quietly.
他们静静地坐在一起。
She swims like a fish.
她游起泳来像条鱼。
（3）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（+状语）
Shall I call a taxi
我要不要叫一辆出租车？
He left school in 1998.
他1998年从学校毕业。
Would you mind waiting a few minutes
可否劳驾等几分钟？
（4）主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）
He handed me the letter（the letter to me）.
他把信递给了我。
I’ll make you some fresh tea.
我去给你沏点新茶。
She kissed her mother goodbye.
（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）
Sit down and make yourself comfortable.
坐下来，不要拘束。
They called their daughter Mary.
他们给女儿取名叫玛丽。
（6）there be +主语+状语
There are many story books in his schoolbag.
她的书包里有好多故事书。
There is a very nice cup on the table.
桌子上有一只非常漂亮的杯子。
注：从以上例子可以看出，英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是行为的执行者（被动语态例外），后面接动作的承受者。状语可以置于句首，也可以置于谓语部分（谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）之后。一般说来，置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因，至于谓语部分之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随成分。
语法专项练习：
连词成句
1. sat, together, they, quietly, very
__________________________________
2. these, you, know, do, people
__________________________________
3. me, she, gave, number, her, telephone
__________________________________
4. was, I, sorry, very, hear, that, you, ill, to, were
__________________________________
5. keeps, food, good, you, healthy
__________________________________
6. students, are, 50, my, there, class, in
__________________________________
（二）重点句子详解：
1. What sort of car
* sort 作名词时，意为“种类”“类型”，常与of连用。
如：
He had some sort of an English accent.
他有某种英国口音。
Pop music is the sort she likes most.
流行音乐是她最喜欢的一种音乐。
* sort 作名词时，意思与“kind”比较接近。Kind 指确实具有共同性质或特征的人或事物所形成的“种类”；而sort指大体相似的人或事物所构成的“种类”。前者比后者正式；后者多用于口语或商业用语中，有时还带有轻蔑的意味。二者有时可互换使用。
如：
She is kind of woman who likes to help other people.
她是那种乐于助人的女人。
That’s just the sort of thing I want.
那正是我想要的那种东西。
* sort 还可以用在of…sort 短语中，kind也有这种用法，即of…kind。
如：
Helen would never permit anything of the sort.
海伦决不会允许这样的事情发生。
I said nothing of the kind to Ruth.
我没和露丝说过这样的话。
* sort of 和 kind of 都可以用作状语，表示“有……”、“有几分……”
如：
The movie was sort of disappointing.
这部电影有点令人失望。
I’m feeling kind of tired.
我感到有点累。
—Did you enjoy the concert？
—Sort of.
你喜欢这场音乐会吗？还可以吧。
2. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gradens, or looking after animals.
许多学生都有自己的爱好，例如看书、画画、在花园里种菜，或是照顾动物。
* such as 意为“例如”“像”，用来列举事物，通常是以整体之中的部分同类人或事物作例。 Such as 之间可以用逗号和句子隔开，之后不用逗号，直接跟名词或代词。
如：
A man such as Liu Xiang will surely succeed.
像刘翔这样的人是肯定会成功的。
We’ve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums.
我们种了许多种花卉，例如玫瑰、康乃馨、菊花等等。
Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian, and Spanish.
部分欧洲的语言，例如法语、意大利语、西班牙语等都源于拉丁语。
* like 也可以用来举例，可与such as 互换。
如：
Some cities, like/ such as Dalian and Kunming are very clean and beautiful.
有些城市，例如大连、昆明，非常干净、美丽。
There are several people interested in this activity, like/ such as Mrs. Brown and Miss Lee.
有几个人对这项活动感兴趣，比如布朗夫人和李女士。
* 表示列举时，such as 和like 后只能接整体之中的部分人或物，不能将全体成员或所有内容一一列举。如我们不能说：
Here we study three subjects, that is, Chinese, Math, and Physics.
在这我们学三门课程，那就是语文、数学和物理
* for example意为“举例”“例如”，是以整体之中的一个为例来举例说明，用以说明某一方面的情况或佐证某一论点，在句子中多用作插入语，为之可以在句首、句末或句中，且前后常用逗号与句子隔开。
如：
For example, air is invisible and of no smell.
例如：空气是无色无味的。
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.
噪音，打个比方，也是一种污染。
His handwriting is very good. Look at this, for example.
他的书法很好，例如这一件。集邮
集邮是指对邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )和邮品 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )的收集、整理和研究。邮票素有“国家名片”之称，每个国家发行邮票，无不尽选本国最优秀、最美好、最具代表性或纪念性的东西，经过精心设计，展现在邮票上。涉及的内容更是政治 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、经济 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、文化 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、军事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )等方方面面,各行各业应有尽有，使得方寸之间的小小邮票成为包罗万象的博物馆 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、容纳丰富知识的小百科 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。
集邮是一件有趣味的收藏 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )活动，无论是渴望获得的热切企盼，还是拥有时的心满意足，无论是欣赏他人的收藏，还是展示自己的宝藏，亦或邮友间的互通有无，亦或是通过集邮结识新的朋友……，无不给您的生活增添无尽的情趣。集邮是获取知识的途径，方寸小纸展示着博大精深的世界，从一个侧面反映了历 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )史的进程。集邮是一门综合的学问，一枚邮票，从图案的内容、意义和审美 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、到它的设计及历史背景、印刷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )过程以及制版技术等方面，无不体现着人类智慧的结晶。正因为集邮具有如此重要意义，又使集邮成为一项可获丰厚回报的经济活动。
邮票是邮政 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )发展到一定阶段的产物。世界上第一枚邮票出现在英国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，由罗兰·希尔设计，票面图案为维多利亚女王 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )像。面值1便士，黑色，俗称“黑便士 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )”。1840年5月6日正式起用，印有11种版别，发行7200万张。1878年中国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )正式发行了一套“大龙”邮票，是由德国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )人把持的海关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )邮政局 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )发行的。集邮几乎是随着邮票的出现就产生了，1926年国际集邮联合会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )诞生。中国集邮比西方要晚三四十年。新中国成立后，中国集邮公司于1955年成立，1979年中国邮票总公司成立，集邮市场日益繁荣兴盛。集邮已经成为全世界影响面最广，参与人最多的收藏活动。
一、邮票的种类和邮品的种类
纪念邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 为重大事件、重要人物等发行的具有纪念意义的邮票。除纪念、宣传和收藏外，也可作为邮资凭证 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。纪念邮票设计制作精美，发行量小，一般不能再版。1974年以后，我国纪念邮票采用汉语拼音 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )“J”为志号。
普通邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 可以长期使用、多次印刷、发行量很大、多种面值、适用于各种邮件的邮票。一般规格较小，风格朴实。
特种邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 国外一般指为特殊作用和用途而印制的邮票。在我国，除普通邮票和纪念邮票外的邮票都归于特种邮票的范畴。“T”为特种邮票的志号。
军用邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 指国家邮政为军队免费或低费递送邮件而专门向军人、军属发行的邮票，或加盖军用邮局特锉戳的普通邮票。
航空邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 专门供航空邮件粘贴用的邮票。多以飞机 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )图案为主。
包裹邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 邮政部门发行的专门供邮寄包裹时使用的邮票。
福利邮票 邮政部门为帮助社会福利事业或慈善机构筹款而发行的邮票。这种邮票要在原面值基础上增加一小部分附捐费，附捐费捐给社会福利团体或慈善机构。附捐费不能计入邮资使用。
欠资邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 是邮政部门在 投递邮件中发现寄信人未贴或未贴足邮资，向欠资对象收回所欠邮资时，加贴应补邮资的凭证。
无齿孔邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 打孔机 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )发明之前或因条件限制没来得及打孔无齿孔的邮票。有些国家为提高集邮者的兴趣，故意发行过无齿孔邮票。
无面值邮票 因特殊情况或考虑，没有在邮票票面上标明面值，而在出售时填写。
加盖邮票 在某些特定的情况下，在邮票或非邮票上适当加盖文字或面值，临时作为新邮票使用。
小全张 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 小全张是把全套邮票印在同一张纸上，其图案、枚数、颜色、面值、编号都与原邮票相同，在其周围装饰上花纹或其他图案，并印上这套邮票的名称。小全张可以与相应的邮票同时发行，也可以单独发行。可以按原邮票面值出售，也可以高于原邮票的面值，但作为邮资使用时只能按原面值计算。
小型张 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 小型张可以与原邮票相同，也可以单独设计，面值都可以与原邮票不同。可随相应邮票发行，也可以单独发行。票价可与原邮票面值相同，也可以高于原邮票面值，但邮资计费只能按原印邮票面值计算。
邮票的种类很多，还有挂号邮票、电信邮票、新闻邮票、保价邮票、电话邮票、储蓄邮票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、税用邮票、回执邮票等等。
变体票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 变体票不是邮票发行的一个种类，而是集邮中的一类特殊邮票。一般来说，出售的邮票都应保证图案、花纹、文字、刷色、齿孔等完全一样，但由于印刷过程中技术上的失误造成异状邮票，而且在检查中疏漏，使这种不合格的邮票流入市场，称为变体票。由于这种邮票是在狭缝中生存下来的怪胎，幸存的数量非常少。物以稀为贵，加之人们求异的心理作用，使变体票成为广大集邮者追寻的对象。
集邮除以邮票为最主要的品种外，还包括邮戳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、明信片 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、实寄封 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、首日封 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、邮折、小本票 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )等邮品，形态各异，各有特色。下面对其中较重要的邮品加以介绍。
普通邮戳 邮寄邮件时盖销邮票的戳记。一般标明寄信邮政部门寄发和收寄邮政部门收到邮件的时间、地点、收信邮局的代号等。
纪念邮戳 为纪念国家或地区的重大事件或新发行邮票而特制的邮戳。为纪念重大事件所制的邮戳只限于邮戳上所刻日期当天使用。为发行新邮票所制的邮戳，从邮票发行首日开始，一个月内均可加盖。但如要寄发，只能在新邮票首发当日加盖有效，其他日期须另贴邮票方能寄出。
极限明信片 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 明信片图案与邮票图案相似，并加盖与邮票内容相关的邮戳。
首日封 新邮票发行当日贴上该套邮票，并加盖当日的邮戳或纪念戳。
实寄封 贴上邮票后经邮政部门实际寄达的信封，上面盖有寄发邮局和收信邮局的邮戳。
末日封 某套邮票允许使用的最后一天寄出的贴有该套邮票的实寄封。
纪念封 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 为纪念或宣传重要事件、人物、活动等，由邮票公司或有关部门发行的信封。一般情况下，邮票贴在纪念封正面左上角，有纪念邮戳。左下角印有与纪念内容有关的图案，图案下面标明纪念封的名称、志号、枚数等。
邮资纪念封 由邮政部门发行的直接将邮票印在信封上的一种纪念封。不盖任何戳印，只有在实寄时才盖日戳。
二、邮票的构成要素
一枚邮票一般由图案、面值、发行国名、版铭、齿孔等要素 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )构成。
邮票的图案 是邮票的核心。发行任何一套邮票，其目的、意义和作用都集中的通过图案来体现。图案设计的成败直接关系到邮票的价值。
面值 出售价格和邮资计费的依据。小全张、小型张和福利邮票有附加值是出售价格高于邮资计价。
邮票上的国名 邮票上一般都印有国名，用一种或多种语言标明发行该邮票的国家。也有无国名邮票，如英国仍沿袭1840年罗兰·希尔发明的世界第一套邮票的传统方法，用女王头像代替国名。俄 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、德 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、西班牙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、荷兰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、葡萄牙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、比利时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )等国家早期也曾发行过无国名邮票。使用缩写也是标明邮票国别的常用方法，有的国家也用主要民族 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )的名称代替国名。
版铭 在整版邮票的纸边上印有国名、设计者姓名、全张邮票的总面值、印刷厂名、版号、张号、色标等，象是邮票的身份证，可作为分析邮票的出版印制情况的依据。
邮票上的暗记 有的国家为了防止伪造邮票，特意由设计师、雕刻人或印刷人在邮票上作一个不易察觉只有本人才知道的记号，以便日后识别真伪。
邮票的齿孔 齿孔的基本作用是便于邮票间的分离，方便邮票的使用。同时它也具有一定的装饰作用，以至于成为邮票的重要特征。国际上一般以20毫米为单位所含的孔数称为“齿孔度”。我国邮票的齿孔度数一般为11度、12 度和14度。齿孔还分为光齿、毛齿、盲齿、和漏齿。齿孔内的纸屑完全打掉称光齿；纸屑没有完全打掉叫毛齿，撕开后齿尖附有齿毛；盲齿是只打上齿痕，孔内纸屑不脱落；漏齿是由于工作疏忽，本应打孔的地方没有打。
邮票用纸 绝大多数邮票是用纸 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )印刷而成的，纸是邮票的物质载体。邮票用纸要求表面细腻光滑、吸墨力强、耐久，印出的邮票才能图案清晰、色彩鲜艳、表面光泽好，便于长久收藏。另外，对纸张的特殊处理如水印 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )等还是邮票防伪的重要手段。
邮票的印刷版式 目前常用的邮票印刷方法有凸版、平板和凹版 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )三种。
凸版印刷是最古老的印刷方法，油墨通过版面突出的部分印到纸上。
平板印刷的版面和印刷滚筒上完全没有凹凸，而是利用油和水不相溶的原理，使油墨排斥水分吸附在邮票图案的版面部分，其他部分则吸收水分排斥油墨。平板印刷的邮票图案平淡，没有凹凸感。
凹版印刷与凸版印刷正好相反，版面凹处留有油墨，突处不附着油墨，把纸贴在版面上施加压力，凹处的油墨就移到邮票纸上。这种印刷方法比较复杂，难度大，防伪性能好。
有时邮票的印刷可能采用以上几种方法，取其所长，效果往往比使用单一印刷方法要好。这种版式称为混合版。
三、集邮的常备器具
镊子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 为防止手污染邮品，镊子是必备的工具。镊子应平滑、洁净，用时要用力适度，避免损伤邮票。
放大镜 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) 用于仔细地观赏和鉴定邮票地真伪和好坏，一般选用5-20倍有柄或带架的为宜。放大镜应妥善保护。
量齿尺 专门用于齿孔的尺子。通过对齿孔度的准确测量，可以帮助判别邮票的种类、发行年代、印刷厂家或地区等。是邮票鉴定的重要工具。
护邮袋 为避免将邮票直接贴在贴票册上损伤邮票，应将邮票插入护邮袋中后再固定在贴票册上。护邮袋要留有余地，免得在邮票插入和抽出时损坏邮票。
集邮文献 集邮目录记载着所收集范围内的邮票的发行时间、价格、名称、志号、规格、枚数、发行量、设计人以及邮票图样等内容。依据它可以有目的地收集和整理邮票，进行鉴别、研究和欣赏等活动。集邮杂志是了解最新消息、掌握最新研究成果、开阔眼界、增长知识的重要途径。
此外，集邮册、插册和贴片等都是收藏整理邮票不可缺少的用品。
四、邮票的采集和鉴别
集邮有两大类型，一种是按国家和地区的集邮目录集邮，另一种是按专题集邮。专题集邮可以以邮票图案或发行日期为主题，也可以根据自己的专业、爱好、邮票来源等选择主题。选定了集邮方式和主题后，即可以有目的地收集邮品。
获取邮票不外乎从邮票公司订购或购买邮票、在邮市上购买邮票、从邮件上采集邮票、与他人交换邮票这几种途径。从邮市上购买和与他人交换邮票要具备一定的鉴别能力，免得受骗上当。
鉴别邮票除须掌握一定的邮票知识和鉴别方法外，还要博闻多见，只有认得真票才能识出假票假在何处。有的假票无论用纸、印刷、背胶、齿孔，还是图案间隔、加盖邮戳都是假的，这种假票难以伪造得万无一失，易于辨别。有的假票用纸不同，也有人用无齿孔邮票人工打孔后冒充带齿孔邮票，或用带齿孔邮票剪下齿孔冒充早期的无齿孔邮票，这些假票可通过对比纸质、检察齿孔的大小、位置及均匀程度和孔边缘状态、测量边宽等手段不难识别。用没有盖过邮戳的邮票加盖伪造的邮戳甚至真邮戳冒充盖过邮戳的邮票，前者比较容易辨别，但要有丰富的邮戳知识和集邮经验。后者则较难判断，邮戳的使用时间和地点具有一定的辅助作用。由于集邮文献中对邮票刷色的记载很少，而且图鉴上邮票票样的刷色与实际邮票又有一定差异，使得用化学方法处理邮票来伪造珍贵邮票的假票较难鉴别。由于加盖邮票本身的弱点，仿制加盖邮票比较容易，而鉴别却令人头痛。
还有其他一些情况，不一一列举。总而言之，制造假票常常是一个综合的伪造过程，而不一定是某一单项的伪造，鉴定时也要全面地、综合地考察。在判断不清的情况下，最好还是求助于专家，使用专门手段加以鉴定。对于受损的邮票不能算假票，应根据损坏程度对其进行评价。
从邮件上采集邮票时，首先应对邮品仔细审视，比较收集邮票和实寄封及邮戳哪项更有意义，然后再做出选择。
揭取邮票一般使用水浸法。将贴有邮票的部位从邮件上剪下来，放入盛好水的浅平底容器中浸泡二十分钟左右，待邮票从衬纸上自然脱落后，用镊子夹住邮票一角，另一手放入水中，小心洗掉邮票上的背胶，然后把邮票放到盆边，空干水后放在事先准备好的吸水纸上，吸完水后将邮票置于阴凉通风处晾至八成干，切忌日晒，再将之夹在书本里压平，等邮票完全干好后再进行收藏。注意吸水时不可用报纸等代替吸水纸，以免沾污邮票。如果邮票较难从衬纸上脱落或希望脱落得快些时，可用温水浸泡。在浸泡和洗背胶时应多换几次水，保持水的清洁，从而保证将背胶洗净。
收集到的邮票一般暂时收藏在插册中待日后整理。插册不可插得太满，以免玻璃纸松弛造成邮票脱落。插册要竖放，以免护邮袋边棱造成邮票压痕。
邮票收集达到一定规模，就应按自己的构思和风格进行分门别类的归纳整理，使收集的邮票、邮品有机的结合起来，成为和谐的整体，而不是杂乱无章的堆砌。并最终成为集邮作品。集邮作品是集邮者的艺术修养、知识水平和审美情趣的体现。一件成功的集邮作品除内容丰富充实外，还要展示高超的形式美。作品的编排或端庄大方或生动活泼，或整齐或错落，要反复斟酌设计，使内容和形式达到和谐统一的境界。最后，要贴好贴片，写好说明，编好目录。
总之，集邮是一项创造性的活动，从邮票采集到作品诞生，无不体现着集邮者的智慧和修养。要提高自己的集邮水平，必须不断地提高自己的知识水平、艺术修养和审美情趣。My Hobby
A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets, build model ships, weave baskets, or carve soap figures and so on. In a word, hobbies offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and relaxation.
Then, what is my hobby Well, what I like most is singing. I began to sing songs when I was very young. My uncle was studying in a college then, so he could sing lots of songs, and he taught me several songs. I showed great interests in the music then, for they were pleasing to ears and easy to sing. My uncle told me they were called pop songs.
When I grew up, my music teacher found that I had a good voice, so she sent me to the Children's Palace to study vocal music. From then on, I began my vocal music training. And then I knew there were several kinds of songs, like folk songs, pop songs and so on. What I had learned most was the songs for children. They were all simple ones but our teacher trained us very strictly. We practiced how to produce sound and how to make our expression more natural and more pleasing. Those simple training didn't reduce my interest in singing at all and I won awards one after another in several kinds of competition. Actually I began to make up a dream of becoming a famous singer in the future.
As time went by, I came to realize that my dream wouldn't come true for there were strict conditions of being a singer. But I still took singing as my hobby since I found in music the interests which were lost in the exams. When I put all my emotion into singing a song, it gave me very good and very pleasant feelings, and a good chance to relax. Besides, it was a good way to learn things that couldn't be easily found in life.
Now as I'm saying goodbye to my childhood my voice has changed into a deep male voice, and therefore I can sing a lot of songs written for adults. I am often deeply moved, by the melody or by what the song writers said. I can feel that these words come from the bottom of their hearts: "All my best memories come back clearly to me. Some can even make me cry, just like before. It's yesterday once more. ""Heal the world; make it a place, for you and for me and the entire human race". When I sing these songs, tears fill in my eyes.
I love singing, and the warmest and fragrant thing in life, I assume, is sitting in the sunshine, listening-to the walkman and singing together with the singer.
So, this is my hobby, and I hope every one of us can enjoy his own hobby, en joy the simple, good things of life.(共50张PPT)
外研小学起点
初二(下)
Module 1
Unit 1
Do you collect anything
Look at the following pictures and tell us what they are and what they have in common.
car models
fans
dolls
tickets
stamps
Do you collect these particular things Can you tell us about your collection.
Is there anyone who collects different things What do you collect
What do you collect
I collect …
I have a collection of …
coins
Do you collect stamps
I collect fans. I have a collection of fans.
I collect …
I have a collection of …
paintings
1
Listen and complete the chart.
Tony
Tony’s mum
Tony’s dad
Answer the questions. Use the words in the box to help you.
collect collection doll fan
hobby model stamp
ticket tidy up untidy
2
1) Why does Tony’s mum want him to tidy up his room
2) Whose hobby is expensive
3) Which hobby do you think takes up the least space
Because it’s very untidy.
Tony’s dad’s hobby is expensive.
Ticket collection. / Stamp collection.
Listen the text, then get into groups of 3 to read the conversation and write notes.
Lingling’s hobby
Daming’s hobby
collecting fans
collecting (bus/train) tickets
Sally’s hobby
Sally’s plans
collecting dolls; playing the violin
giving an interview on starsearch; playing in the concert at Radio Beijing; going to school
Complete the sentences
Lingling needs to tidy up her room because _______________.
Sally was six or seven when _________________________.
Sally is going to school with her friends, so she can’t __________.
She’s going to Radio Beijing to _______________ next Friday.
it is a bit untidy
her father gave her a violin
relax now
give an interview
1. Why does Tony’s mum want him to tidy
up his room
want sth. 想要某物
want to do sth. 想要做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
e.g. My mum wants me _____ (go) shopping with her.
Do you want ______ (play) football
with us
真题回放：We want ____ a trip to Guilin this Summer vocation.
A. take B. takes C. taking D. to take
to go
to play
2. Which hobby do you think takes up the least space
take up 意为“占用”, 由“动词 + 副词” 构成。
e.g. That table takes up too much room. 那张桌子占的地方太大了。
1. take care of 照顾
2. take the plane 乘飞机
3. take off 起飞
4. take it easy 别着急
5. take out 掏出
6. take notes 记笔记
7. take turns 轮流
8. take a rest 休息
常见的与take搭配的短语:
3. Sorry it’s a bit untidy. 不好意思, 有点乱。
1) untidy (adj.) “不整齐的”
tidy “整齐的”
un- 是否定前缀, 常加在形容词前, 表示“相反”的状态。
e.g. unknown unsafe untrue unhappy
2) a bit: a little “有点”
即可修饰形容词或副词的原级,也可修饰比较级
3) a bit of (adj.) “一点” 修饰不可数名词
4. tidy up ---- clean up 收拾好，整理好
e.g. Tony, your bedroom is in a mess. Please tidy it up.
Tony, 你的卧室乱七八糟的,请把它 收拾好。
练习: Tidy yourself ___ before you go out.
A. up B. out C. in D. down
5. —Do you collect anything
—Yes, I have a collection of dolls.
collect v. bring or get sth. together 收集
collection n. 收藏品, 收集物,其前可用good, great和wonderful等形容词修饰。
collector n. 收藏家
用下列单词的正确形式填空。
collect collection collector
Mr. Li is one of the famous ________ in China. He has a ________ of stamps. He began ________ stamps when he was young. He ___________ stamps for nearly 40 years. He enjoys _________ them.
collectors
collection
to collect
has collected
collecting
6. I play the violin and listen to music
all the time.
all the time 一直，总是
e.g. He is a businessman all the time. 他一直是做生意的。
Conditions are changing all the time. 情况总是在变化。
常见含time的搭配还有：
what time 几点
have a good time 玩得高兴
for the first time 第一次
at times (=sometimes) 有时
in time 及时
on time 按时
7. What made you so interested in
music
make sb. do sth. make sb. + adj.
make sb. + n.
e.g. Listening to music can make me happy.
They made the boy monitor.
Colors can change our moods and make us ______ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.
A. to feel B. feeling
C. felt D. feel
8. interest n. 兴趣/
v. 使(人) 发生兴趣, 主语为事物
interesting adj. 有趣的，有吸引力的
interested adj. 感兴趣的
be interested in + n. / pron. /v.-ing
= show/ take/ have/ feel (an) interest in
“对……感兴趣”
e.g. Today lots of foreigners are very interested in China.
用interest的正确形式填空。
1). I find no _______ in such things.
2). American Football doesn’t _______ me at all.
3) Some of the most __________ names
came from American Indian languages.
interest
interest
interesting
4) I am only _________ in sitting in a boat and doing nothing.
5) I am _________ to hear your story.
6) It’s __________ to watch the films.
interesting
interested
interested
9. I often listen to him play the violin.
listen to sb./ sth.
listen to sb. do sth.
hear sth.
hear sb. do / doing sth.
e.g. The students are listening to the
teacher carefully.
Can you hear the song
I heard the baby cry the whole night.
10. at the end of this term… 在本学期末
at the end of …
“在……的尽头, 在……结束时”
in the end = at last “最后”
e.g. Go straight on, and you’ll see the park
at the end of the road.
The boy often visits his teacher at the
end of the week.
They got to the top of the mountain in
the end.
Work in pairs
Ask and answer about your hobbies.
What’s your hobby
Why do you enjoy your hobby
When did you start doing it
How often do you …
Where do you …
cook
play the computer
What’s your hobby
My hobby is…
I am fond of doing sth. …
play the violin
skate
play the piano
play volleyball
I love/like /prefer/enjoy doing …
I am interested in doing sth. …
fish
paint
1. My grandfather has a wonderful ________ (收集) of foreign coins.
2. They are ____ (狂热爱好者) of country music.
请根据句意及括号内所给汉语提示写出相应的单词，使句意完整通顺。
fans
collection
3. My bedroom looks ______ (不整洁的). I have to tidy it up.
4. Most of us are _________ (感兴趣的) in watching basketball match.
5. You lost the game but at ____ (最少) you scored two goals.
least
untidy
interested
1. I collect many model cars and they ______ much space.
2. Who will _______________ on Starsearch tonight
请用所给词语的适当形式填空。
a bit, at the end of, give an interview,
all the time, take up
give an interview
take up
3. During the party he talked and talked __________.
4. ____________ this week we’ll finish our training.
5. After the winter holidays, I became
____ fat.
a bit
all the time
At the end of
请将下列汉语句子翻译为英语。
1. 我有四五十个洋娃娃。
2. 迪克（Dick）真要出名了。
3. 我真正的爱好是游泳。
I have got forty or fifty dolls.
Dick is going to be really famous.
My real hobby is swimming.
4. 我妹妹小时候喜欢收集邮票。
My sister likes collecting stamps when she was young.
5. —这周六有什么事吗？
—我要去中央电视台，在《面对面》
节目做个访谈。
— What’s happening on Saturday
— I’m going to CCTV. I’m giving an
interview on Face to Face.
Make a survey
name hobby when reason
Sunny Collecting eraser In 1998 It’s funny(共13张PPT)
Unit 2
Hobbies can make you grow as a person.
1. Guessing game.
(1). Let’s guess what hobbies they are.
looking after
animals
I am interested in sailing.
be interested in
useful
Looking after animals is useful.
sailing
climbing
don’t like
writing
all the time
I don’t like climbing because I am not a professional
climber.
She writes stories all the time.She is not lazy!
mountain biking
Young people
painting
creative
growing vegetables
Children like growing vegetables, it can bring them enjoyment and success.
Young people like mountain biking because it’s exciting.
Painting is creative. You can draw everything you imagine in your mind.
(2) Let’s talk about the hobbies.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My hobby is …
It’s…
creative interesting lazy relaxing useful
mountain biking
climbing
sailing
playing volleyball
dancing
Looking after animals
painting
growing vegetables
writing
singing
2. Read.
(1). Scanning and skimming.
Whose is the special hobby
What is the special hobby
Why is writing a special hobby
David Smith’s.
Writing.
Because it has brought David enjoyment and success.
1.Hobbies can help us learn new skills. ( ) 2.David likes writing only. ( ) 3. There was a professional writer on the camp.
4.David wrote a story about his life in senior high school. 5.David’s first book came out in 2000. ( ) 6.His first book is a great success. ( ) 7.We should spend all our time on our favourite hobby. ( )
(2). Reading for specific information.
True or False.
1. David Smith likes writing.
2. He learned writing during a summer
camp of 2000.
3. There was a professional writer on the camp.
4. David wrote a story about his life
in senior high school.
5. David’s first book came out in 2003.
6. His book was very popular.
7. Writing was his only hobby in his free time.
8. David decided to write more books in the future.
T
T
T
F
T
T
F
F
(3). Reading for comprehension.
Answer the questions.
1.How many hobbies does David have
2.Which is he interested in most
3.When did David become a successful writer
4.Why has David been very lucky
5.What is David’s plan about his main hobby
6.Have any of your hobbies brought your
great success
7.What skills have you learnt through your
hobbies
(4). Language points.
1. Many students have hobbies such as …
2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person,
develop your interests and help you learn
new …
3. As well as the usual activities, …
4. She asked us to imagine that we were in
a story.
such as: 比如、例如
make you grow as a person: 使你健全成长
As well as: 和…一样
imagine that we were in a story:设想我们在
故事之中
5. David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out…
…, and as a result, David has …
7.I spend some of my free time playing volleyball…
8.Maybe I’ll write more books in the future, but I’m not sure
came out: 出版
as a result:作为结果
spend …(in) doing: 花时间做
maybe: 也许、大概
Homework:
Write a short passage. Introduce your own
hobby and what it has brought to your life.
2. Complete Activity 3 on page 7.
3. Oral work: Read the passage.Module 1单元辅导
Unit 1
1. ① how often “多久一次”，用于提问动作发生的频率
How often do you surf the Internet
Once a day.
② how long “多久”，用于提问时间段；
“多长”，用于提问长度
How long have you been here
For a week.
How long is the Changjiang River
About 6300 kilometers.
③ how soon “多久”，用于将来时，提问“in”引导的时间状语
How soon will Mr. Black come back
In a week.
④ how far “多远”,用于提问距离
How far is it from Shijiazhuang to Beijing
About 280 kilometers.
⑤ how many “多少”，用于提问复数名词的数量
句型：How many + 复数名词 + 一般疑问句？
How many students are there in your class Forty.
⑥ how much “多少”
How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？ 用于提问不可数名词的数量
How much + 一般疑问句？ 用于提问价钱 = What’s the price of ...
How much water is there in the bottle
Only a little.
How much is the Mp4 player = What’s the price of the Mp4 player
400 yuan.
2. tidy up 整理
Tony often tidies up his room on Sundays.
3. take up占用
4. a bit = a little “一点儿”，用于修饰形容词或副词
My room is a bit untidy.
5. play the violin 拉小提琴 play football 踢足球
当演奏乐器时，加the；而进行球类或棋类活动时，不加the
6. all the time 一直，总是
7. make sb. do sth. = have/let sb. do sth.
see sb. do sth.
hear sb. do sth
listen to sb. do sth.
I often listen to my father play the violin.
Did you hear her sing the song
8. next time
9. at the end of ...
10. What’s happening = What’s up
What happened to sb
happen = take place 没有被动语态
Unit 2
1. such as = for example 这两个短语都可以表示“例如”，但含义及用法不同。
l）for example强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：
You may become sad sometimes , for example ,when you fail an exam.
有时你可能变难过,例如刚你考试不及格
2）such as用来“列举”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但它后
面不能用逗号。如：
I love warm color ,such as red , yellow and orange.
我喜欢暖色像红色,橘色和黄色.
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。
2. look after = take care of
look after sb. well = take good care of
3. help sb.(to) do sth.
4. ① sb. + spend + time/money + on sth./(in)doing sth.
I spent ten yuan on the book. = I spent ten yuan in buying the book.
② sth. + cost + sb. + money.
The book cost me ten yuan.
③ It takes sb. some time to do sth.
How long did it take you to get there
④ pay for sth.
pay money for sth.
You should pay for the lost book.
I paid ten yuan for the book.
5. as well as 并且，还
The child is lively as well as healthy
由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数。例如：
Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海伦和我一样急于要看演出。
6. there be 某地有某物，指客观存在
have “拥有，具有”，表示某人有某物或某物具有某些组成部分
Is there going to be a dancing party tonight？今晚有舞会吗？
This machine has thousands of parts.
7. ask sb. to do sth.
8. as a result
9. success n. successful adj. successfully adv.
succeed v. 过去式，过去分词： succeeded succeeded
succeed in doing sth.
His hobby has brought him enjoyment and success.
David has become a successful writer.
Can you succeed in finishing the work
10. be interested in …
11. too = also
too和also一般都用于肯定句，too放在句尾，通常用句号隔开，also放在实义动词前，联系动词后。He runs fast, too. = He also runs fast. I'm a student, too. = I'm also a student.
either主要用于否定句，放在句尾，通常用逗号隔开。例：
I don't know it, either.
注意：另外too … to … 还有“太..以至于不能.. ”的用法。例：
He's too old to go. The lesson is too difficult to understand.
12.① maybe adv. 意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。不影响主谓
一致
Maybe she is at home.
Maybe you put the letter in your pockets.
② may be意为“也许是、可能是”, may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，
与主语形成系表结构，
I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket.
我找不到我的手表了，它可能在你的口袋里。
He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。
13. in the future 将来Western Music - A Short History
Music in the Western Culture is the result of various influences, including the formalization of improvised traditions; the growth of notation; the development of tuning systems; the treatment of text; innovative approaches to form; the role of patronage; the absorption of various cultures into the style; the growth of technology; investigations of performance practice; and various other factors.
Western music also benefits from various dualities: sacred and secular traditions; monophonic and polyphonic textures; conservative and progressive tendencies; popularism and elitism; canon and non-canonic works; and other polarities. The western tradition is complicated by these various influences and perspectives, and formal musicological study often becomes a point of departure for other, more individualized investigations of music.
The western tradition of music has its origins in the chant tradition of the early Christian era. The monophonic music of chant dominated the middle ages, and included the composition of sequences and tropes. In the high middle ages, organum emerged, thus introducing polyphonic textures into liturgical music. By the thirteenth century, the motet became a seminal polyphonic composition and included liturgical and secular texts as well as a chant cantus firmus. In the Ars Nova of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, secular music was composed polyphonically, and resulted in elaborate contrapuntal devices and notational practices.
In the fifteenth century the early Renaissance polyphony showed evidence of a new style influenced on fauxbourdon and based on previously improvised traditions. At this time textures grew from a reliance on lower voices to treble-dominated textures. Renaissance motets and madrigals have their origins in the music of the Netherlands composers (Obrecht, Ockeghem, Busnois, Binchois) and the idiom culminates in the work of Josquin Desprez. With the late Renaissance, more national and secular music emerged, as found with the English madrigal and the French chanson.
The late sixteenth-century music included attempts to return to Greek drama. The latter resulted in the formulation of monody for declaiming music which was at the core of early opera (Caccini, Peri) and became a vehicle for composers like Monteverdi to take forward the nascent genre of opera. Italian opera (opera seria, opera buffa) soon dominated the early baroque style of the seventeenth century, which extended to the composition of oratorios on sacred subjects. In France opera soon took root, and a national style evolved starting with Lully.
In the seventeenth_century instrumental music developed on its own, treble_dominated texture of vocal music was supported by the basso continuo tradition of accompaniment. Works for instruments included keyboard suites (Froberger, Kerll) and sonatas, organ music (Frescobaldi), including various partitas and fugues, and trio sonatas (Corelli, et al.) for various combinations of instruments. Music for orchestra included sinfonias and concertos, including the concerto grosso.
The high baroque music of the eighteenth century was dominated by the genius of Bach and Handel. Bach composed music for almost every genre except opera; he left a corpus of liturgical music, including cantatas, that show the influence of the Reformation on musical style. Handel, as a German- born composer who studied in Italy and worked many years in England, shows the international aspects of the baroque style. Like Bach, he wrote in almost every genre, including opera seria and oratorio.
While Bach and Handel yet composed, a style change was taking place in the early eighteenth century. Rococo preferences moved toward simpler harmonies and more transparent textures, as well as a tendency toward instrumental music (C.P.E. Bach, J.C. Bach, Joseph Haydn). Later in the century, the Classic style of Haydn and Mozart dominated the music of Western Europe, with the symphony, sonata, and string quartet predominating, and the sonata principle at the core of musical structure. The opera seria of Handel and his generation gave way to opera buffa, as found with Mozart and others. The bel canto tradition in opera seria metamorphosed with Mozart and emerged later in the operas of Rossini, Donizetti and Bellini.
The classical style may be seen to culminate in the music of Beethoven, who is perceived as the link between the classic and romantic style. This distinction is important for the so-called common practice era from ca. 1725 to 1900, that is the period of the defining tradition of western music. Beethoven contributed to almost every genre of music at the time, including piano sonata, string quartet, and symphony. He expanded the symphony with regard to form, orchestration, texture, and aesthetics, contributing programmatic elements to an otherwise self-contained style.
As the link to the romantic era that dominated the nineteenth century, Beethoven is a point of departure for many of the trends that existed in the era. The so-called Romantic style includes the growth of a number of varied and often antithetical influences. These include the development of the symphony as a genre; program music and the ideal of absolute music; grand opera; lieder; character pieces for piano; the piano sonata; national musical style; and the expansion of tonality and harmonic practice. The early Romantic composers include Schubert, Weber, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schumann, and Chopin; among the later ones are Liszt, Wagner, Brahms, and Verdi.
With Wagner romantic opera expanded in terms of the orchestra, the scope of subject matter, the demands on voices, and the overall length. As a controversial figure, Wagner influenced the musical establishment, such that affinities were aligned with him and the music of the future, or with more conservative trends that reached back to Beethoven. Wagner's harmonic and timbral idiom was critical for the late romantic efflorescence at the end of the century that led to the so-called end of tonality as it was generally understood in the nineteenth century.
With Wagner, the dominance of the Austro-German tradition in nineteenth-century music became apparent. The extended harmonic and formal practices of Mahler, Richard Strauss, Sch nberg, and others preceded the freer treatment of dissonance in the twelve-tone music of the New Viennese School of Sch nberg, Berg, and Webern. At the same time, the Impressionism of the French composers Debussy and Ravel were based on non-functional harmonic posers like Bartók introduced folk elements into music.
Twentieth-century music includes many different styles and tendencies, including
neoclassicism (Stravinsky);
expressionism (Berg, Webern);
serialism (Boulez);
electronic music (Stockhausen);
aleatoric music and indeterminacy (Cage); and
minimalism (Reich, Glass).
At the same time, the rediscovery of the past has resulted in an explosion of interest in the authentic music of past cultures. Similarly, the eclecticism of twentieth-century culture touches upon the growth of ethnomusicology and the perspectives it offers to studies of more traditional western music.Hobbies and some things I like...
Despite the fact that my work is in some sense one of my hobbies, I also have many other interests, and am only sorry that there are not enough hours in the day to pursue them all as often as I'd like... Among them are playing music on the fiddle and mandolin and anything else I can get to make a decent sound, drawing portraits, landscapes, and other kinds of things that strike my fancy, whether animate or inanimate, art and music in general, and of course, reading and writing, as well as photography, and movies. Having been an athlete (basketball, football, track, etc.) until an ankle injury ended my formal career early in my freshman year in college; I still enjoy all kinds of sports: many as a spectator, and some as a participant. (A later severe knee injury during intramural football at Johns Hopkins University finally caused me to decide that some sports are better for watching since I'd still like to be able to walk and move about well!) I also still enjoy hiking and camping a great deal, and of course, since I've been fortunate enough to travel a fair amount all over North America (to all 50 states, and to 11 of the 13 Canadian provinces, and to most several times), as well as all over much of Europe and South America, I do enjoy travel, languages, and learning about different cultures and their history and customs and their ways of cultural and artistic expression, etc. I also am very fond of archaeology, geology, paleontology, and history in general, and during a number of visits to Italy, was very happy about touring around Pompeii and Herculaneum (Roman, 1st Century A.D.), and Paestum (Greek - also known as Poseidonia - 5th-7th Century B.C.), plus seeing ancient Hawaiian heiaus and other Polynesian archaeological and cultural and natural sites in the Hawaiian Islands while visiting the Big Island of Hawaii, plus Maui, Oahu, and Kauai, Inupiat and Arctic culture and life in and around Barrow, Alaska (even getting a short trip of a few hours out on the Arctic Ocean with an Inupiat family in 2005!), plus going from Skagway, Alaska to Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, to Dawson City in the Yukon, and again north of the Arctic Circle, over the mountains and Mackenzie River to Inuvik, Northwest Territories, and Tuktoyaktuk, NWT (on the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River Delta), and back in the Yukon and Alaska, seeing examples of Athabaskan culture south of the Brooks Range, flying around up close to the high peaks in the Alaska Range (Denali, Hunter, Foraker, etc.) near Talkeetna, going out on the Chena and Tanana Rivers in Fairbanks, and the beautiful Matanuska and Susitna Valleys north of Anchorage, as well as seeing some Native American and early European and colonial sites in the U.S., Canada, and South America. Places containing early South American native artifacts (Inca, etc.) like the good Museo Pre-Columbiano in Santiago, Chile have been a lot of fun to visit, as has been seeing a bit of the Andes of Equador, Peru, Argentina, and Chile, and visiting places like La Serena, Vicuna, and Portillo in Chile, and in Europe seeing Celtic and pre-Celtic mounds in Ireland and Britain and visiting places such as Galway and the west of Ireland, the mountains and coast of County Donegal in Ireland, the mountains and glens of Northern Ireland, and also seeing various remnants of the European medieval, Renaissance, and later periods - places like Venice, Florence, Bologna, Cremona, Rome, Naples, Granada and its medieval Arabo-Andalusian gem - the Alhambra, Cordoba, Merida, Caceres, Sintra, Paris, Epinal, Montpellier, Antibes and the Riviera, Genoa, Milan, Zurich, Munich, Innsbruck and the Alps, Salzburg, Prague, London, Stirling, Inverness and the Scottish Highlands, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin, the coast and mountains of North Wales, and the views in the English Lake District plus cities like York and Durham, and hosts of other cities and towns and the often-beautiful country sides and small villages surrounding such places - all fascinating places to see for someone whose family has, except for a relatively short stint in Canada in the 1920s, been in North Carolina and Virginia since around 1695-1718 on one side and probably around the 1750s-1760s on the other! I also have very much enjoyed getting to take part in paleontology field work in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming with a group from the Johns Hopkins University, and exploring other places in the North American West like Yellowstone and the Grand Tetons, Bridger Tetons (Wind River), and Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming, Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks in the Rockies in Montana and Alberta, Vancouver Island and the southeast coast and islands and mountains of British Columbia and Washington State, Mount Baker and the North Cascades and Olympic Mountains and coastal rain forest of Washington State, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Crater Lake, and Mount Shasta in the Cascade Mountains of Washington, Oregon, and northern California, the Coastal Range and Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada, the mountains of southern California, and the mountains and deserts of the Four Corners area and all around northern and southern Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Idaho, plus the mountains and coasts of Eastern North America from the southern tip of Key West, Florida, to the Outer Banks and high Blue Ridge and Smokey Mountains of North Carolina, to Meat Cove at the northern tip of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, among many other places in between. Working around my house and lawn take up some of my time, and I usually enjoy that as well, though like any homeowner, there are times I'd just like to pay someone else, and sometimes I do! I do, however, like to design and build things for my house out of wood, as well, though I've only rarely managed the time to do it. I also like to cook for friends on those occasions when we can make the time. I'm fond of my family (mother, brother, and my late father), too... And though I can manage to make myself extremely busy at times, I also realize that there are times when its very important to take a break and just watch the sunlight and shadows change on the side of a hill, or the clouds as they drift by overhead, or the moon and stars as they rise and set through the changing of the seasons, and the coming and going of the leaves and all kinds of weather, or to just play with my cat, or watch him as he plays, or to have a conversation (I'm not quite sure about what!) with him in his own language... (NOTE: He died in 2004, but was a true cat to the very end - trying to get me to chase him and play only 2 minutes before he was felled by a blood clot through the heart. He was a great cat and likewise is missed greatly!)(共61张PPT)
外研小学起点
初二(下)
Module 1
Unit 2
Hobbies can make you grow as a person.
Look at the following pictures, and choose a word to describe the hobbies.
creative wonderful interesting lazy funny relaxing useful enjoyable boring
climbing
playing volleyball
writing
sailing
looking after
animals
mountain biking
growing vegetables
singing
painting
dancing
Listen to the text then tick “ T” or “ F”.
1. Hobbies can develop the interests and
help people learn new skills.
2. David Smith has a hobby of riding.
3. It took David 4 weeks on a summer
camp in 2000.
T
T
F
4. He finished writing a book about teenage life in 2003.
5. David is a football player on his school team.
T
F
Read the passage again.
1. Why do people usually have hobbies
2. Is writing a usual activity for a
summer camp
Because they are relaxing and creative.
No, it isn’t.
3. When did David become a successful
writer
4. How many hobbies does David have
When his book came out in 2003.
We’re not sure. At least he was two
hobbies: writing and playing volleyball.
5. Which hobby is he interested in
most
Maybe he is interested in writing
most.
1. Many students have hobbies, such as
reading…and looking after animals.
1) such as “例如”, 用于列举前面概述过的事物, 不需要用逗号与其它成分隔开。such as 后面跟所列举的名词, 代词或V-ing。
Language points
e.g. The shop is selling many things,
_____ school things, food and toys.
A. for example B. such as
C. like D. Both B and C
such as和for example都有“例如”之意,都可用来举例, 但用法有所不同。
* such as常用来列举同类人或事物中 的 多个例子。
e.g. I like fruits, such as apples, pears and bananas. 我喜欢吃水果, 例如 苹果、梨和香蕉。
* for example一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例, 作插入语, 用逗号隔开, 可置于句首、句中或句末。
e.g. For example, London is the capital
of England.
例如, 伦敦是英国的首都。
2) look after: take care of 照顾；照看
常用 look after sb./sth.
e.g. His mother has been ill for a long
time. He has to ______ at home.
A. look at her B. look her after
C. look for her D. look after her
2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person,
develop your interests and help you
learn new skills.
爱好可以使你们成长，培养你们的兴
趣，并帮助你们学习新的技能。
1) make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”
Sad movies always make me ____. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cried
2) as: prep. “作为”
He began to teach in that school ____ a math teacher in 2000. A. at B. as C. in D. on
3) interests --- 在此为可数名词指不同的“爱好”。interest 用作不可数名词时“兴趣”, 用作动词是“使(人)发生兴趣”。
interesting---- 事物本身使人产生兴趣
interested ---- 某人对某事感兴趣
e.g. This book is very ___ and I am
___ in it.
A. interest; interest
B. interesting; interested
C. interested; interesting
D. interested; interested
4) help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
help oneself (to sth.) 自用/自取(某物)
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
with one’s help 在……的帮助下
e.g. Can you help me to learn English
Help yourself to the fish.
With the help of her, he found his lost
child.
Can you help him with this work
3. During the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer camp.
1) during “在……时间内, 在……期间”
e.g. Some supermarkets open __ 8:30 a.m. and 8:00 pm. ___ the Mid-Autumn Day. A. at, during B. between, during C. between, in D. about, in
2) spend, take, pay 和cost 都表示“花费”，用法上区别如下:
* It takes/took sb. + some time + to do sth.
* sb. spend + some time/money + (in) doing / on sth.
* sb. pay + some money + for sth.
* sth. cost (sb.) + some money
--- What a beautiful sweater! How
much did you ___ for it
--- 198 yuan.
A. take B. cost
C. pay D. spend
4. As well as the usual activities, …
as well as “ 和; 及; 既…又; 除……以外还;” 并列连词, 用来连接并列成分。
连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。
e.g. He as well as his friends likes singing.
辨析：as well as /not only… but also…
* not only A but also B
“不但A,而且B”, 强调B
* A as well as B
“不但B, 而且A”, 强调A
e.g. The teacher as well as the students
is coming to see you.
Not only the teacher but also the
students are coming to see you.
1. 这个女孩既健康又活泼。
The girl is lively ________ healthy.
2. Daniel plays chess _____, if not
better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well as
as well as
as… as…
像/和…… 一样； 如同
Practice
5. She asked us to imagine that we were in a story.
1) ask sb. (not) to do sth. 某人(不)做某事
2) imagine (v.) “想象”
后接名词或代词作宾语
e.g. Can you imagine life without TV or
Internet
imagine 后接动词时, 动词用V-ing 形式。
e.g. Don’t imagine playing in the game.
Can you imagine him cooking in the
kitchen
imagine sb. to be / as…
e.g. You just imagine him to be a great
actor like Jacket Chan.
6. …, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.
1) as a result --- 介词短语, “作为结果”, 常用在有上下文(表示原因) 的情况下, 一般放句首, 后面加逗号。
e.g. He works hard, as a result, he got a good mark in the exam.
2) become ---- “成为; 变得”
e.g. He ________ quite a famous person when he was twenty.
A. was being B. became
C. was becoming D. made
7. … his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success.
他的爱好给他带来了快乐和成功。
1) enjoy v. 常用 enjoy + (doing) sth.
enjoyable adj. enjoyment n. [U]
get enjoyment from 从……得到快乐
2) success --- n. 成功
succeed --- v. 成功，办妥
successful --- adj. 成功的，胜利的
successfully ---adv. 顺利地，成功地
8. Maybe I’ll write more books in the
future, but I’m not sure.
maybe与 may be的区别
maybe作副词意为“也许;可能;大概”; 作
状语时常置于句首。而may be中, may是
情态动词, be是动词原形, 两者构成完整
的谓语形式。有时二者表述的意思相同。
e.g. Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。
He may be in the office.
= Maybe he is in the office.
他或许在办公室。
2) in the future与 in future的区别
in the future “将来;未来” 。指将来的某一时间, 但不一定是从现在就立即开始。
in future “今后; 从此以后” 。 指从说话时开始的全部将来时间。
用maybe, may be, in the future, in future 填空。
--- What do you want to be ___________ --- I’m not sure. ______ an English
teacher.
in the future
Maybe
9. It’s sometimes difficult to remember that we shouldn’t spend all our time on our favourite hobby.
我们不应该把所有的时间都花在我们
喜欢的爱好上, 但要记住这一点有时很困难。
1) It’s + adj. +( for sb.)+ to do sth.
e.g. It’s important _____ us _____ improve our English.
A. to; to B. for; for C. to; for D. for; to
2) sometime “ 有朝一日; 在某时”, 指将来或过去的一个不确当的时间。
sometimes “有时”, 频度副词, 用于现在或过去时态中。
some times “数次”
some time “一段时间”
I hope to visit the USA ___ in the future.
A. sometimes B. some times
C. sometime D. some time
10. There are many other interesting things to do in life, and we should try to do something new or different.
复习： 1) There be … to do
2) something new
3) try to do sth. try doing sth.
try one’s best to do. try on.
Answer the questions about the words in the box.
free time skill success
1. What do you like to do in your free
time
2. Which new skills have you learnt
through your hobbies
3. Have any of your hobbies brought
you great success
1. What do you think of high school
students writing books
2. Do you think David should write some
more books in the future Why or why
not
3. What can a successful hobby mean to a
high school student
Rewrite the sentences in Activity 6.
Answers:
1. ________________________________
________________________________
2. ________________________________
________________________________
Some hobbies, such as reading and painting, are very relaxing.
David likes writing as well as playing volleyball.
3. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
4. ________________________________
________________________________
He has become a successful writer; as a result, his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success.
Many teenagers enjoy sport, such as football and basketball.
Work in groups and ask each other the questions about his/her hobby. Write up your notes as full sentences, and write a short passage called“ My classmate’s hobby”. Use as well as, such as or as a result.
My classmate’s hobby
My friend Paul plays chess. His father taught him to play when he was only five years old, and as a result, he is very good at it now. He has played in the school team as well as in national competition.
But Paul is not just a chess player. He
enjoys outdoor activities, such as walking
in the countryside and climbing.
Exercises
1. I learned some life ____ this winter holiday.
2. Sally often goes ________ with her family in summer.
请用所给单词的适当形式填空。
lazy, imagine, skill, develop, camp
camping
skills
3. Our city is __________ faster and faster.
4. You can’t _______ how beautiful the park is.
5. Jack is _____ than me. He never washes clothes by himself.
lazier
developing
imagine
1. 我经常帮妈妈干家务活, 比如扫地和做饭。
I often help my mother with housework, _______ sweeping the floor and _______ meals.
请根据汉语句子完成下列英语句子, 每空一词。
cooking
such as
2. 周杰伦已经成为一位成功的歌手。
许多青少年都喜欢他。
Jay Chou has become a _________ singer. Many ________ like him.
3. 他的一部分业余时间用来和朋友们踢足球。
He spends some of his _____________ football with his friends.
free time playing
successful
teenagers
4. 埃玛既喜欢唱歌也喜欢写作。 Emma likes singing ________ writing.
5. 我们可以从互联网上获得许多有用的信息。
We can get a lot of _______________ from the Internet.
useful information
as well as
1. Tony feels happy today. (改为否定句)
2. I lived in Beijing last year.
(对划线部分提问)
请根据各题后括号内的要求改写下列句子。
Tony doesn’t feel happy today.
When did you live in Beijing
3. I bought a doll for my sister yesterday.
(对划线部分提问)
4. Can you show me your photos
(改为同义句)
What did you buy for your sister yesterday
Can you show your photos to me
5. There is a desk and some chairs in the room. (改为一般疑问句)
Is there a desk and some chairs in the room
Thank you for listening!(共18张PPT)
Module 1 Hobbies
Unit 3 Language in use
Learning task:
Have a dictation.
了解六种句法结构
3.Do with some activities(1-5)
Module 1 Page 146.
1.主语+系动词+表语（+状语)
These books are great.
Tom is very happy today.
2.主语+谓语（不及物动词) (+状语)
(In 2003,) The first book came out in 2003. We didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
Last week,I went to Guilin for my holiday.
3.主语+谓语（及物动词)+宾语（+状语)I bought a very good book yesterday.
My father loves pictures of cars.
Every morning,my mother prepares
breakfast for me.
He wrote a book in senior high school.
4.主语+谓语（及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语)
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My father bought me a very good bike on my birthday.
Last week,my aunt sent me a box of
chocolate.
5.主语+谓语（及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语)
We can help you develop new skills.
I don’t want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
6.There be+主语+状语.
There are many story books in his schoolbag.
There is a very nice cup on the table.
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________
________________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________
6._____________________________________________________________
I bought my mother a new book for her birthday.
She showed me her stamp collection.
I often watch sport on TV.
I’m a writer.
I read a lot.
My father wanted me to be a musician.
Activity 1
7.______________________________
8.______________________________________________________________
9.______________________________
Activity 2 1.There be sb/sth to do…
2.sb give sth to sb… 3.sb do..
4.sb enjoy doing… 5.sb make sb sth..
6.sb doesn’t like… 7.sth is …
8.sb do sth.. 9.sth can do…
I heard her sing.
There are lots of fans in the museum.
I’m playing the piano.
Activity 3.
1._____________ 2.____________
3._____________ 4.____________
5._____________ 6.____________
7._____________8._____________
Activity 5.1.___________ 2.________
3.______________ 4.______________
5.______________ 6.______________
7.______________ 8.______________
9.______________
because as a result
as well as such as
tidy up look after
spend…in come out
tidying up hobbies
As a result stamps
such as fan
model ticket
collection
Activity 4 Show time
1.Which are the most creative
2.Which of them do you think you have the skills for
3.Which is the most useful skill to learn
4.Which do you think would be the most interesting for teenagers to do
cycling/painting/ making models
/looking after animals
/reading
Sport:_______________________
_____________________________
Collecton:____________________
_____________________________
Others:_______________________
_______________________________
climbing swimming
tennis volleyball
dolls,fans,models,stamps
tickets
camping,growing vegetables
looking after animals
,painting ,taking photos
1.____ 2.____ 3._____ 4.___5.___
b a c c a
Do with some exercises.
1.___you__a ruler —Yes,I___it just now. A.Did,buy;bought
B.Had,had,bought .Have,had,boughtD.Have,had,have had
2.He is___in volleyball,he often watches the volleyball games with__.
A.interesting,interesting B.interested,
interesting C.interested,interest
D.interesting,interest
C
C
3.His hobby is _____all kinds of matchboxes.A.to collect B.collecting
C.to pick up D.picking up
4.I am____shorter than Li Lei.
A.more B.much C.most D.many
5.Your room is untidy.—Oh,I’ll___at
once. A.clear it up B.clear up it
C.clear down it D.clear it down
6.Have you eaten English food____
--No,not__.A.already,yet B.yet,yet
B
B
A
B
7.There was a _______(write)
Workshop with a ___________
(profession) writer.
8.The writer wrote a story about teenage life.So many _________
(teenage)love the story.
9.She asked us_________(not smoke)
in the classroom.
10.A__ a student ,we s_____work hard.
writing
professional
teenagers
not to smoke
s hould
A:Oh,tomorrow is Sunday.
____________________________
B:I’d like to collect fans.What about you
A:_____________________________
Collecting all kinds of coins is more
interesting than collecting fans,I think.
B:_____________________________
A:Because I can learn a lot about money.There are many pictures with them.
What would you like to do
I’d like to collect coins.
Why do you think so
B:_____________________________
A:Would you like to join us
B:_____________________________
That would be fun.
Of course./Sure.
