中考英语--“七选五”解题策略课件(共59张PPT)

(共59张PPT)
中考英语“七选五”解题策略
命题发展史
云南省考试指导丛书对阅读的要求与课标对阅读的要求一致（英语课程标准P17）
1.
能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2.
能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3.
能找出文章中的主题，理解故事情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4.
能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5.
能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6.
能利用词典等工具书进行阅读；
7.
除教材外，课外阅读量应达到15万词以上。
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
七选五-还原型阅读理解
一
命题发展史
教材上也有还原型阅读理解的原形考法。
如p45八年级上册Unit
6
I'm
going
to
study
computer
science.
Section
B
2b的文章
：
文体、话题、命题形式
文体：以说明文为主，记叙文为辅
话题：以咨询建议、说明介绍、教育引导为主
命题形式：关键词复现、句间逻辑、句段关系为主
?2.我对单词的意思和用法都理解，但是写出来
的句子总是怪怪的，不够地道。
一.
底层逻辑：英汉思维的不同
?1.我认识每一个英语单词，但是在标准化的考
试中的阅读理解为什么读不懂。
你有这些疑惑吗？
“七选五”在中考英语中稍难，要拿满分更是不容易，毕竟这是牵一发而动全身的题型。“七选五”阅读题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，要求考生根据文章结构和内容从短文或对话后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子或标题）选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。也就是说，必须明白英文篇章的结构特点和上下文逻辑衔接的特点，才能高效答题。
“七选五”选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。通过抓住重复词、关键词和线索词或是根据段落主题句、意思的顺延以及掌握基本的过渡性结构、阐述性结构和概括性结构等基本上就能锁定答案。
“七选五”题型空白处通常设置在文章的标题、段首、段中和段尾四个位置。分别考查考生对信息的概述、承转和总结的理解和掌握。
链条式环环相扣
英语思维：链条式环环相扣
?新旧信息接力交替
?从已知信息推进新的信息
?特点：对称，平行
?启示：英语阅读中关注关键词的对称和结构的平行
有助于正答率的提高。
英语思维模式下的中考七选五题型分析
七选五可以称之为阅读填空（或还原句子题）154词（19年中考），设空五个，给出5个句子，补全文章，设空在段首，段中或段末。考查学
生语篇补全能力。
Many
of
you
are
fond
of
Peppa
Pig.
____________________________.
He
is
also
popular.
She
has
a
brother
called
George
指代一致：she,
he
逻辑一致：be
fond
of,
also
popular
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，交接替换。
中考真题再现
Families
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，瞻前顾后
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，瞻前顾后。
48题问题设在段尾
，所选答案用以引出下一段内容
第50空设在段首，一般是概括主旨。
解题策略：关注指代
理清逻辑
思维引领
交接替换
（瞻前顾后）
文段的关键词
信息的对称
结构的平行
“七选五”设题方式
选标题、选段首句、选段中句、选段尾句。
技巧：勾画原文，找到问题的出处，在原文中标出出处，快速捕捉预测的信息。
策略：1、先看选项。通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。
2、区分相似项：七选五备选答案中有两项是多余的
认真比对相似选项；
3、用代入法，
检查答案是否合理；用代入法
通读全文，是否通顺连贯，恰当贴切。
“七选五”设题位置：
LOCATION:
标题句
段中句
段尾句
段首句
主题句
/主旨句/定义
支撑句
/过渡句/
注释句/
解释
总结句/中心思想
C
段首句
B
段中句
表转折
段尾句
(概括
总结)
C
答题方法：“七选五”五步走
通读全文，了解文章大意
读
看
找
通读答案，抓住其关键词语，看选项大致意思
选
根据文章总体结构与具体内容
关注空格前后的句子(句式一致)将选项填入文中
看空格在文中的位置
研
研究多余选项
确定排除理由
最终确定答案
1、
3、
2、
4、
5、
中考“七选五”
Everyone
cares
about
his
or
her
image
(形象).What
about
you?
61
_____
Have
you
ever
done
following
little
things
to
hurt
you？
You
don't
let
people
get
out
of
buses
or
elevators
before
you
get
in.
It
is
not
good
to
push
yourself
into
the
crowd
who's
trying
to
get
out
anyway.
62
____
You
don't
cover
your
mouth
while
coughing.
According
to
Live
Science，
one
cough
can
release(释放)
as
much
as
3，000
droplets
of
saliva(唾沫星子）63______
Covering
your
mouth
is
not
a
choice
but
an
absolute
must.
64_____
You
think
your
music
taste
is
great?
Perfect，
go
to
study
music，
to
become
a
DJ，but
please
don't
push
your
music
taste
onto
other
people.
You
are
rude
to
waiters，
Imagine
working
for
12
hours，
always
on
your
feet，
and
then
dealing
with
the
most
rude
customers?
Yeah，
don't
be
that
person
who
thinks
waiters
have
to
deal
with
your
bad
attitude.
Common
sense
is
not
so
common.
65
_____.
（说明文，讲礼貌
列举了有损你形象的坏行为）
段中句
段尾句
段中句
段首句
段尾句
第三节
(共5小题；每小题15分，满分75分)
根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。
A.
You
listen
to
music
without
head
phones.
B.
Some
little
things
can
hurt
your
image.
C.
Some
serious
things
may
hurt
your
image.
D.
And
they
can
fly
as
fast
as
50
miles
per
hour.
E.
Don't
mind
your
behavior
and
do
as
you
like.
F.
Just
stand
aside，
let
people
out，
and
then
get
in.
G.
Please
watch
your
behavior
and
be
polite
in
public.
B
段尾句
D
A
段尾句（整片文章要表达的思想）
G
学会“四用”
1）运用上下文所重复的关键词推断；
2）运用同义词和近义词的关系；
3）利用词的上下义关系；
4）利用反义词过渡词的关系。
二
历年试题特点分析
1.
文体、词数
文体：说明文为主，记叙文仅省卷2017年考查
词数：130词-200词之间
2.
语篇类别分析（数据分析：云南、昆明近5年）
类别
具体角度
咨询建议（7考）
2020省卷：保护环境的一些做法建议
2019省卷：影响自身形象的一些做法
2018省卷：学生赚钱的几种途径
2016省卷：如何赞美别人以及注意事项
说明介绍（5考）
2020昆明：筷子的相关介绍及背后的文化
2018昆明：美式英语和英式英语的不同
2017昆明：三个环保节日的介绍
教育故事（1考）
2017省卷：小种子长成有用的参天大树
3.
话题
话题
具体角度
人际交往（3考）
2019省卷：影响自身形象的一些做法
2016省卷：如何赞美别人以及注意事项
2018省卷：学生赚钱的几种途径
保护环境（2考）
2020省卷：保护环境的一些做法建议
2017昆明：三个环保节日的介绍
情感情绪（2考）
2019昆明：变得快乐的一些做法
2016昆明：处理孤独的方法
文化理解（2考）
2020昆明：筷子的相关介绍及背后的文化
2018昆明：美式英语和英式英语的不同
教育故事（1考）
2017省卷：小种子长成有用的参天大树
健康生活（1考）2017曲靖：如何安全玩水
4.
命题点
命题点
角度
省卷（近5年）
昆明卷（近5年）
关键词复现（15考）
同词复现
名词复现
5年6考
5年6考
动词复现
5年1考
形容词复现
近义词复现
形容词
同畴词复现
动词
5年2考
句间逻辑
（10考）
并列递进关系
必考，每年1-2道
5年1考
因果关系
5年3考
转折关系
5年1考
5年1考
解释关系
5年1考
5年1考
句段关系
（15考）
段首
主旨句
5年1考
必考，每年1-2道
段中
过渡句
5年1考
注释句
5年1考
5年4考
段尾
承上启下
5年1考
5年3考
总结句
5年1考
5年1考
4.
命题点
分析云南省卷可知，命题点主要集中在关键词复现、句间逻辑、句段关系这三个方面。
三
三阶备考法突破备考瓶颈
三阶备考法
搜寻关键词法
理清句间逻辑关系法
把握句段关系法
搜寻关键词法：词汇复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。主要是指同词复现、同畴词复现、近义词/反义词复现等。
搜寻的关键词可以从名词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、疑问词、代词等词去入手。
Cars
burn
oil.
______
Some
people
believe
that
too
much
CO2
is
making
the
earth
warmer
than
ever.
So
try
to
walk,
ride
a
bike
or
take
a
bus.
This
can
save
some
oil
and
produce
less
CO2.
A.
This
can
cut
the
use
of
water.
B.
This
will
make
a
lot
of
CO2
into
the
air.
C.
There
are
many
things
you
can
do
to
save
the
earth.
（2020云南62题）
搜寻关键词法——名词
Are
pigs
lazy?
This
may
not
be
true
for
all
the
pigs.______
In
Houston,
US,
there
are
pigs
races
every
year.
Pigs
have
to
run
fast
to
win
the
races.
A.
Most
pigs
are
heavy
sleepers.
B.
Some
pigs
can
be
good
runners.
C.
Pigs
are
one
of
the
10
smartest
animals.
（2019
65题）
搜寻关键词——动词
______
So
turn
off
the
air
conditioner(空调)when
you
don't
need
to
use
it.
Use
lights
that
save
enrgy.
Use
fewer
things
that
cannot
be
used
again.
When
you
buy
something,
consider
those
made
from
things
that
can
be
used
again
first.
A.
Air
pollution
is
very
serious.
B.
The
biggest
energy
use
at
home
is
for
keeping
warm
or
cool.
C.
There
are
many
things
you
can
do
to
save
the
earth.
（2020云南64题）
搜寻关键词——同畴词
一阶
搜寻关键词法
同词复现、同畴词复现、近义词/反义词复现等。
从名词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、疑问词、代词等词。
理清句间逻辑关系法：
句子间的逻辑关系主要有：并列递进关系、转折让步关系、因果关系、解释例证关系等。
并列递进关系
1.
Jessica
Wong
opened
a
small
shop
where
she
sells
her
bags,
and
she
has
set
up
a
website
to
sell
them
online.[九全Unit
13
P102]
2.
If
you
have
a
good
team,
you
should
support
each
other.
Besides,
winning
or
losing
is
only
half
the
game.
[九全Unit
11
P86]
转折/让步关系
1.
One
of
the
main
reasons
is
that
Mickey
was
like
a
common
man,
but
he
always
tried
to
face
any
danger.
(八上Unit
5
P37)
2.
Kids
should
have
time
to
relax
and
think
for
themselves,
too.
Although
it’s
normal
to
want
successful
children,
it’s
even
more
important
to
have
happy
children.
(八下
Unit
4
P
30)
因果关系
1.
It
was
sunny
and
hot，so
we
decided
to
go
to
the
beach
near
our
hotel.(八上Unit
1
P5)
2.
Sometimes
people
just
forget
about
their
resolutions.
For
this
reason,
some
people
say
the
best
resolution
is
to
have
no
resolutions!（八上
Unit
6
P45）
解释/例证关系
1.
Kids
say
“Trick
or
treat!”
at
every
house.
This
means
that
if
you
don't
give
them
a
treat,
they'll
play
a
trick
on
you!（九全
Unit
2
P14）
2.
Some
think
that
the
lives
of
the
performers
are
made
up.
For
example,
some
people
say
they
are
poor
farmers,
but
in
fact
they
are
just
actors.（八下
Unit
2）
A
lot
of
water
is
needed
for
a
shower.
So
take
shorter
showers.
________
A.
This
will
make
a
lot
of
CO2
into
the
air.
B.
This
can
cut
the
use
of
water.
C.
Air
pollution
is
very
serious.
（2020省卷65题）
and,
also,
besides,
then,
first,
second,
not
only...
but
also...,
in
addition
to...etc.
并列递进关系
In
American
history,
Benjamin
Franklin
was
a
scientist,
inventor
and
writer
as
well
as
a
leader
of
the
American
Revolution.
_______
A.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
B.
He
was
also
famous
for
his
proverbs.
C.
This
mens
that
money
should
not
be
wasted.
并列递进关系
Cars
burn
oil.
This
will
make
a
lot
of
CO2
into
the
air.
Some
people
believe
that
too
much
CO2
is
making
the
earth
warmer
than
ever.
________This
can
save
some
oil
and
produce
less
CO2.
A.
This
can
cut
the
use
of
water.
B.
So
try
to
walk,
ride
a
bike
or
take
a
bus.
C.
There
are
many
things
you
can
do
to
save
the
earth.
（2020省卷63题）
because,
because
of,
for,
since,
as,
so,
thanks
to,
as
a
result,
therefore,
for
this
reason...
因果关系
More
and
more
people
suppose
that
some
products
we
use
make
air
dirty.______
That
really
helps
make
the
air
not
so
dirty.
A.
Air
pollution
is
becoming
more
serious.
B.
So
we
can
use
electric
cars
that
are
friendly
to
the
environment.
C.
This
can
make
less
bad
smells.
r
因果关系
Our
earth
is
in
trouble.
Our
drinking
water
is
becoming
dirtier,
and
the
air
is
not
as
clean
as
before.
People
and
factories
are
polluting
the
air,
rivers,
lakes
and
seas.
You
may
think
there
is
nothing
you
can
do
to
help.
That's
not
true.
________
A.
Nobody
can
play
a
role
in
protecting
the
earth.
B.
There
are
many
things
you
can
do
to
save
the
earth.
C.
Air
pollution
is
very
serious.
(2020省卷61题)
but,
however,
yet,
though,
although,
even
if...
转折/让步关系
In
the
USA,
January
24th
is
National
Compliment(赞美)Day.
_______
We
all
feel
good
when
we
hear
something
nice
about
ourselves.
Nice
words
make
us
happy.
A.
Thank
you
very
much.
B.
On
that
day
people
say
something
nice
to
others.
C.
Do
you
ever
say
anything
good
to
your
parents.
(2016省卷61题)
in
other
words,
that
is
to
say,
it
means...,
in
fact,
such
as,
for
example...
解释关系
二阶
理清句间逻辑关系法：
并列递进关系、转折让步关系、因果关系、解释例证关系
把握句段关系法
根据挖空句所在的位置，我们可以分段首、段中和段尾。与段落之间的关系也会因所在位置有所不同，主要有以下关系：
主旨句
过渡句
注释句
段首
段尾
段中
承上启下
总结句
______
Playing
with
chopsticks
is
seen
as
bad
manners,
just
as
making
noise
with
forks
and
knives
in
a
western
country
would
be
rude.
A.
People
should
not
make
noise
with
chopsticks.
B.
In
Chinese,
“chopsticks”
read
“kuaizi”,
which
means
to
have
babies
soon.
C.
How
Chinese
kids
learn
to
use
chopsticks.
(2020昆明63题)
段首-主题句
We
should
learn
how
to
face
failure
or
bad
luck
bravely
and
to
try
to
deal
with
it.
As
we
know,
“Life
is
a
mirror.
________
”
If
you
are
grateful
to
life,
it
will
bring
you
shining
sunlight.
If
you
always
complain
about
everything,
you
may
own
nothing
in
the
end.
A.
For
example,
being
grateful
is
a
way
to
communicate
with
adults.
B.
When
you
smile
in
front
of
it,
it
will
also
smile
and
so
will
it
when
you
to
it.
C.
If
each
of
us
has
an
attitude
of
being
grateful,
we’ll
lead
a
better
and
more
beautiful
life.
段中——注释句
Everyone
cares
about
his
or
her
image(形象).
What
about
you?
Some
little
things
can
hurt
your
image.
Have
you
ever
done
the
following
things
to
hurt
yours?
You
don't
let
people
get
out
of
the
buses
or
elevators
before
you
get
in.
...
You
don't
cover
your
mouth
while
coughing.
...
You
listen
to
music
without
headphone.
...
You
are
rude
to
waiters.
...
Common
sense
is
not
so
common.
________
A.
Don't
mind
your
behavior
and
do
as
you
like.
B.
Just
stand
aside,
let
people
out,
and
then
get
in.
C.
Please
watch
your
behavior
and
be
polite
in
public.
(2019省卷61题)
段尾-总结句
2.
理清句间逻辑法：并列递进关系
转折/让步关系
因果关系
解释例证关系
3.
把握句段关系法：段首——主题句
段中——过渡句、注释句
段尾——承上启下、总结句
三阶备考法
1.搜寻关键词法：原词复现（名词、动词、形容词等）
同畴词复现
近义/反义词复现
策略是辅助
理解是关键
词汇是基础
Thank
You