单项选择解题指导
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单项填空专题指导
一、近三年高考英语单项填空的特点
1. 注重“新情景、新材料”，与时俱进，体现交际原则
2. 突出语境，强调运用
3. 考点分布合理，重点突出
动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、各种从句出现的频率较高，尤其要重视的是动词、动词短语、非谓语及交际用语。
语法和词汇考点项目分布
年份 时态语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词类辨析 冠词 代词 交际用语 形容词副词 连词 介词 状语从句 定语从句 名词性从句 倒装句 固定句式
08年 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
09年 2 1 0 4 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
10年 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
11年 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1
二、高考单项填空的考查重点及突破方法
一）动词的时态和语态。常考的有：一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时。从具体的考查形式看，除了以往的根据明确的时间状语以及上下文的语境确定时态之外，11年出现了一种新的考查形式：通过具体的时态考查其他语法知识。如：
I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy ____ the past couple of weeks.? A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
★突破方法：
有关时态的题目总是限定在一个具体的语言情景中，解决时态、语态题，切不可脱离实际运用的语境，要看这件事说的是什么时候的事或情况，还要看句子的时间状语。??
（二）非谓语动词
非谓语动词每年必考，通常一套试卷有1—3个小题，主要考点：
（1）v-ing，v-ed和to do作状语和定语的区别；
（2）v-ing，to do作宾语的区别；
（3）非谓语动词作宾补的区别；
（4）非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。
★突破方法：
分析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的成分，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动），搜索句子的相关时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
（三）情态动词和虚拟语气
考点：主要涉及情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法。
★突破方法：在全面掌握情态动词的用法基础上，细读题干，领会情景特征，体会说话者的语气，不放过任何细节。
（四）定语从句和名词性从句
★高考对定语从句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：?
（1）关系代词和关系副词的选择；?
（2）对非限制性定语从句的考查，特别是当先行词为整个句子的情况。
（3）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，
★此外，为了增加试题的区分度，定语从句的隔离现象也在试卷中有所体现?
高考对名词性从句的考查：主要体现在连接词的选用上，尤其是what和 that的用法。此外，其他连接词why, whether,where,how等也有所涉及。
★突破方法：
通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型（强调句），题干若是疑问句，首先将其恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前后，确定从句的性质，分析设空在从句中作何成分，注意标点符号和并列连词（but,and）。将选项带人句子，看前后是否语意连贯。
(五) 并列句和状语从句
高考对并列句的考查主要体现在根据前后句意选择表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词上。对于状语从句，时间状语从句、让步状语从句所占比例较大。目的状语从句和结果状语从句在近三年考查中也逐渐增多。从出题方式上看，试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。
★突破方法：根据句意，判断主从句的关系（时间、条件、让步、地点、原因等），还要看是否是特殊的句型如：It is +一段时间+since…等。?
(六)名词、形容词、副词、动词（短语）、介词短语词义辨析
高考单选对词义考查主要是在具体语境中的辨析
★突破方法：
解题时，首先要研读题干，找出信息词，理顺句意，然后再做出最佳选择。
(七)冠词
主要考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用。从近三年高考试题看，这类题每道试题常常设两个空，考查冠词的不同用法，其中固定搭配中的冠词用法应引起特别关注。
★突破方法：
做题时首先搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表泛指时前面不用任何冠词。还要注意抽象名词具体化和固定搭配的现象。
（八）代词
代词最常考的是不定代词在具体语境中的使用，如 both，either，neither，all，none，something，anything，everything等。it, that，one用作替代词和it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法也是高频考点。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词以及指示代词偶尔也有所考查。
★突破方法：1.明确指代。做题时，首先分析前后文，明确代词指代的对象，如：代指人还是物；可数还是不可数名词；特指还是泛指；两者之间还是三者或以上；肯定还是否定。2.理清逻辑。通过分析上下文的逻辑关系，看代词所表示的范围，是全部否定还是部分否定。?
（九）特殊句式
主要考查特殊句式，特别是倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句等语言项目的用法，且往往与从句、非谓语动词等结合在一起考查。
★突破方法：
1.领会标志词汇，判断是否到装。2.弄清肯定和否定形式，选择合适的反义疑问句。3.掌握强调句和祈使句的特点，判断句子的种类。4.分析主语特点，判断是否是省略句。?
十．情景交际.
情景交际的考点分布比较广泛，内容多样化。其情景大多是考生所熟悉的日常生活中真实的情景。每份试卷中一般都有1—2道题考查情景交际。
★突破方法：
1.总结英语交际用语句型，体会中英文化差异。2.分析语境，确保问与答统一。
三．单项填空题常见做法
1.标点符号法
They believe that the spirits will be with the body for 3 days; ___ someone always stays with the dead person.
A. during this time B. during which time C. during which D. when
2.补全信息法
---What were you trying to prove to the police ---___ I was last night.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
3.寻找标志法
Nuclear radiation is said ____ the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.
A . being B. to be C. to have been D. that it is
4.化繁为简法
The fact that smoking is harmful to health is ___ most smokers admit.
A .what B. whether C. where D. that
5.结构还原法
The students wonder ___ good the course will do to their future jobs.
A . which B. what C. whether D. why
6.句法分析法
—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow．
—_____ ．
A．I don't B．I won't C．I cannot D．I haven't
7.词义辨析法
A man is being questioned in relation to the ______ murder last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
8.语境分析法
--- Want to go to the movie, Jane
---. ____, I’d like something different.
A. Don’t mention it B. I don’t want it C. I don’t think so D. Not really
9.克服思维定势
Which do you enjoy_______ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
四．总结与猜测
1.除冠词题目设两个空外，一般单选题只设一个空。2.消除单纯语法知识点的考查、突出词义辨析的考查。3.突出题干的情境性、交际性，选项的一定的干扰性。
4.很少再有偏、难、怪题。5.2012命题会继续注重基础，趋于灵活。
五．实战练习：
1. Mr Smith, _____ director of the company, can’t afford _____ week to travel abroad. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; the D. /; a
2. The expert did encourage the ______ of new medical treatments into his own country.
A. attention B. introduction C. intention D. information
3. Nowadays many young workers find _____ hard to keep the balance work and play. A. it B. that C. this D. them
4. Remember to bring the _______ money to the primary school in the village.
A. collecting B. collected C. being collected D. being collecting
5. In the last swimming World Championships, he _____ the world record in the men’s 800m freestyle final.
A. was breaking B. had broken C. broke D. would break
6. He told me that his request for a rise had been _____.
A. turned out B. turned over C. turned around D. turned down
7. The speaker _____ pronunciation is the best will get the first place.
A. whose B. which C. what D. that
8. The little girl is seriously ill. Luckily we have decided to do ______ it takes to help. A. whichever B. whatever C. whenever D. however
9. ---Will Barbara come to our party
---I am not sure, because he ____ go to the concert with his friend.
A. can B. must C. should D. might
10. Find ways to praise your children often, ______ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
A . till B. or C. and D. but
11. Harry Potter’s good reputation attracted the envy and _____ attention of some bad guys.
A. positive B. negative C. attractive D. objective
12. It is still a problem ______ to hide the stolen money.
A. why B. which C. where D. who
13. ---I really don’t know when we can get over all the troubles.
--- ______! Our troubles will soon be over.
A. Forget it B. Cheer up C. Neither do I D. What a pity
14. Nowadays it is obvious that the Internet _______ our life rapidly.
A. would change B. changed C. had changed D. is changing
15. ---Do you think Tim did well in the English speech contest
---______. He won the first place.
A. He couldn’t have done better. B. He played naturally
C. He was not nervous at all D. I couldn’t agree more
1-15 DBABC DABDC BCBDA
一、近三年高考英语单项填空的特点
1. 注重“新情景、新材料”，与时俱进，体现交际原则
2. 突出语境，强调运用
3. 考点分布合理，重点突出
动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、各种从句出现的频率较高，尤其要重视的是动词、动词短语、非谓语及交际用语。
语法和词汇考点项目分布
年份 时态语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词类辨析 冠词 代词 交际用语 形容词副词 连词 介词 状语从句 定语从句 名词性从句 倒装句 固定句式
08年 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
09年 2 1 0 4 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
10年 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
11年 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1
二、高考单项填空的考查重点及突破方法
一）动词的时态和语态。常考的有：一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时。从具体的考查形式看，除了以往的根据明确的时间状语以及上下文的语境确定时态之外，11年出现了一种新的考查形式：通过具体的时态考查其他语法知识。如：
I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy ____ the past couple of weeks.? A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
★突破方法：
有关时态的题目总是限定在一个具体的语言情景中，解决时态、语态题，切不可脱离实际运用的语境，要看这件事说的是什么时候的事或情况，还要看句子的时间状语。??
（二）非谓语动词
非谓语动词每年必考，通常一套试卷有1—3个小题，主要考点：
（1）v-ing，v-ed和to do作状语和定语的区别；
（2）v-ing，to do作宾语的区别；
（3）非谓语动词作宾补的区别；
（4）非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。
★突破方法：
分析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的成分，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动），搜索句子的相关时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
（三）情态动词和虚拟语气
考点：主要涉及情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法。
★突破方法：在全面掌握情态动词的用法基础上，细读题干，领会情景特征，体会说话者的语气，不放过任何细节。
（四）定语从句和名词性从句
★高考对定语从句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：?
（1）关系代词和关系副词的选择；?
（2）对非限制性定语从句的考查，特别是当先行词为整个句子的情况。
（3）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，
★此外，为了增加试题的区分度，定语从句的隔离现象也在试卷中有所体现?
高考对名词性从句的考查：主要体现在连接词的选用上，尤其是what和 that的用法。此外，其他连接词why, whether,where,how等也有所涉及。
★突破方法：
通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型（强调句），题干若是疑问句，首先将其恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前后，确定从句的性质，分析设空在从句中作何成分，注意标点符号和并列连词（but,and）。将选项带人句子，看前后是否语意连贯。
(五) 并列句和状语从句
高考对并列句的考查主要体现在根据前后句意选择表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词上。对于状语从句，时间状语从句、让步状语从句所占比例较大。目的状语从句和结果状语从句在近三年考查中也逐渐增多。从出题方式上看，试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。
★突破方法：根据句意，判断主从句的关系（时间、条件、让步、地点、原因等），还要看是否是特殊的句型如：It is +一段时间+since…等。?
(六)名词、形容词、副词、动词（短语）、介词短语词义辨析
高考单选对词义考查主要是在具体语境中的辨析
★突破方法：
解题时，首先要研读题干，找出信息词，理顺句意，然后再做出最佳选择。
(七)冠词
主要考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用。从近三年高考试题看，这类题每道试题常常设两个空，考查冠词的不同用法，其中固定搭配中的冠词用法应引起特别关注。
★突破方法：
做题时首先搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表泛指时前面不用任何冠词。还要注意抽象名词具体化和固定搭配的现象。
（八）代词
代词最常考的是不定代词在具体语境中的使用，如 both，either，neither，all，none，something，anything，everything等。it, that，one用作替代词和it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法也是高频考点。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词以及指示代词偶尔也有所考查。
★突破方法：1.明确指代。做题时，首先分析前后文，明确代词指代的对象，如：代指人还是物；可数还是不可数名词；特指还是泛指；两者之间还是三者或以上；肯定还是否定。2.理清逻辑。通过分析上下文的逻辑关系，看代词所表示的范围，是全部否定还是部分否定。?
（九）特殊句式
主要考查特殊句式，特别是倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句等语言项目的用法，且往往与从句、非谓语动词等结合在一起考查。
★突破方法：
1.领会标志词汇，判断是否到装。2.弄清肯定和否定形式，选择合适的反义疑问句。3.掌握强调句和祈使句的特点，判断句子的种类。4.分析主语特点，判断是否是省略句。?
十．情景交际.
情景交际的考点分布比较广泛，内容多样化。其情景大多是考生所熟悉的日常生活中真实的情景。每份试卷中一般都有1—2道题考查情景交际。
★突破方法：
1.总结英语交际用语句型，体会中英文化差异。2.分析语境，确保问与答统一。
三．单项填空题常见做法
1.标点符号法
They believe that the spirits will be with the body for 3 days; ___ someone always stays with the dead person.
A. during this time B. during which time C. during which D. when
2.补全信息法
---What were you trying to prove to the police ---___ I was last night.
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
3.寻找标志法
Nuclear radiation is said ____ the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.
A . being B. to be C. to have been D. that it is
4.化繁为简法
The fact that smoking is harmful to health is ___ most smokers admit.
A .what B. whether C. where D. that
5.结构还原法
The students wonder ___ good the course will do to their future jobs.
A . which B. what C. whether D. why
6.句法分析法
—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow．
—_____ ．
A．I don't B．I won't C．I cannot D．I haven't
7.词义辨析法
A man is being questioned in relation to the ______ murder last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
8.语境分析法
--- Want to go to the movie, Jane
---. ____, I’d like something different.
A. Don’t mention it B. I don’t want it C. I don’t think so D. Not really
9.克服思维定势
Which do you enjoy_______ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
四．总结与猜测
1.除冠词题目设两个空外，一般单选题只设一个空。2.消除单纯语法知识点的考查、突出词义辨析的考查。3.突出题干的情境性、交际性，选项的一定的干扰性。
4.很少再有偏、难、怪题。5.2012命题会继续注重基础，趋于灵活。
五．实战练习：
1. Mr Smith, _____ director of the company, can’t afford _____ week to travel abroad. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; the D. /; a
2. The expert did encourage the ______ of new medical treatments into his own country.
A. attention B. introduction C. intention D. information
3. Nowadays many young workers find _____ hard to keep the balance work and play. A. it B. that C. this D. them
4. Remember to bring the _______ money to the primary school in the village.
A. collecting B. collected C. being collected D. being collecting
5. In the last swimming World Championships, he _____ the world record in the men’s 800m freestyle final.
A. was breaking B. had broken C. broke D. would break
6. He told me that his request for a rise had been _____.
A. turned out B. turned over C. turned around D. turned down
7. The speaker _____ pronunciation is the best will get the first place.
A. whose B. which C. what D. that
8. The little girl is seriously ill. Luckily we have decided to do ______ it takes to help. A. whichever B. whatever C. whenever D. however
9. ---Will Barbara come to our party
---I am not sure, because he ____ go to the concert with his friend.
A. can B. must C. should D. might
10. Find ways to praise your children often, ______ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
A . till B. or C. and D. but
11. Harry Potter’s good reputation attracted the envy and _____ attention of some bad guys.
A. positive B. negative C. attractive D. objective
12. It is still a problem ______ to hide the stolen money.
A. why B. which C. where D. who
13. ---I really don’t know when we can get over all the troubles.
--- ______! Our troubles will soon be over.
A. Forget it B. Cheer up C. Neither do I D. What a pity
14. Nowadays it is obvious that the Internet _______ our life rapidly.
A. would change B. changed C. had changed D. is changing
15. ---Do you think Tim did well in the English speech contest
---______. He won the first place.
A. He couldn’t have done better. B. He played naturally
C. He was not nervous at all D. I couldn’t agree more
1-15 DBABC DABDC BCBDA