被动语态（课件31张）

课 题：八年级下册英语
Passive voice
（被动语态）
一、英语中的语态：主动语态和被动语态
⒈ 英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态和被动语态，
类似于汉语的“把字句”和“被字句”。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
①They built a new bridge over the river. (主动)
→A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动)
②Many people speak English. (主动)
→English is spoken by many people. (被动)
⒉ 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“be＋p.p.(过去分词)”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
二、被动语态的基本用法
1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语动词的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。
2. 什么时候使用被动语态？
⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
①Some windows were broken last night.
②This book was published in 2013.
注意：第②句＝This book came out(出版) in 2013.
该句中的come out 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。
⑵只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
①IPhones are sold in many countries.
②English is learned all over the world.
注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear(出现), happen, take place等。
She eats supper at home.
Supper is eaten at home by her.
三、被动语态的基本结构
⒈ 动作的承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+动作的执行者。
(原宾语) (原主语)
简写为：
承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者。
⒉ 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
第①步：定时态：
确定主动语态的时态，
它决定着被动语态中的助动词be的形式。
第②步：找成分：
找出主动语态的主语(执行者)、谓语、宾语(承受者)。
第③步：改句式：
改写为“承受者+be+过去分词+其他＋by＋执行者”。
⒊ 常用的被动语态结构
时 态 结 构
一般现在时 am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时 was/were+p.p.
一般将来时 will/shall be+p.p. 或
am/is/are going to be+p.p.
情态动词 can/could/may/must/should be+p.p.
现在进行时 am/is/are being +p.p.
现在完成时 have/has been +p.p.
⒋ 主动改为被动语态的例子：
主动语态基本结构为：主语+谓语+宾语。
被动语态句型：承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
一般现在时被动语态核心结构：am/is/are+p.p.
⑴ His brother washes dishes every day.
主语(执行者) 谓语 宾语(承受者) 其他
→ Dishes are washed every day by his brother.
⑵He often washes dishes at night.
主语(执行者) 频度副词 谓语 宾语(承受者) 其他

→ Dishes are washed at night by him.
特别提醒：
在主动语态中，频度副词用在行为动词前；
在变为被动语态时，频度副词仍然在该行为动词前。
often
承受者+was/were+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
一般过去时被动语态核心结构：was/were+p.p.
⑶She washed dishes yesterday.
主语(执行者) 谓语 宾语(承受者) 其他
→ Dishes were washed yesterday by her.
承受者+will be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
一般将来时被动语态核心结构：will be+p.p
am/is are going to be +p.p
⑷Peter will clean the room tomorrow.
→The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.
⑷Peter is going to clean the room tomorrow.
→The room is going to be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.
承受者+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
⑸She must look after him.
→He must be looked after by her.
承受者+am/is/are being+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
⑹The students are watching a charity show.
→A charity show is being watched by the students.
承受者+have/has been+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
⑺They have watched this exciting film.

→This exciting film has been watched by them.
⑻Eddie has eaten two hamburgers.
→Two hamburgers have been eaten by Eddie.
四、特殊情况的被动语态
简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时非常重要：
⒈ 主谓＋双宾
⒉ 主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)
⒈ 主谓＋双宾：
这类短语含有介词to或for。
如：give, send, show 或 buy, make…
⑴give sb sth＝give sth to sb，
buy sb sth＝buy sth for sb
主动语态：She gave me some books.
=She gave some books to me.
被动语态：Some books were given to me by her.

=I was given some books by her.
⑵主动语态：We bought him a gift.
=We bought a gift for him.

被动语态：A gift was bought for him by us.

=He was bought a gift by us.
小结：含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：
可以把双宾语的任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和间接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。
主动语态中无论使用give sb sth 还是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：
give sb sth 或give sth to sb
→ sb be given sth
或sth be given to sb
这类含介词to或for的短语见下表：
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}主动语态
被动语态
send sb sth=
send sth to sb
sb be sent sth 或
sth be sent to sb
show sb sth=
show sth to sb
sb be shown sth或
sth be shown to sb
buy sb sth=
buy sth for sb
sb be bought sth或
sth be bought for sb
make sb sth=
make sth for sb
sb be made sth或
sth be made for sb
⒉ 主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)：
使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to一定要加上。
She made me carry the box.
→I was made carry the box by her.
常见短语：
⑴make sb do sth → sb be made to do sth
(主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同)
⑵hear sb do sth → sb be heard to do sth
⑶see sb do sth → sb be seen to do sth
He made the workers work 12 hours a day.
→ The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by him.
to
五、主动形式表示被动意义：
有些不及物动词(其主语大多指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。
1. 某些连系动词，如：感官动词feel, taste, smell, sound, look和 prove(证明)等。
①The coffee smells delicious.
②The story proved quite false(假的).
2. 某些可与well, easily, quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。
①This kind of bikes sells well(好卖).
②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.
3. 动名词在be worth doing sth(值得做某事)句型中的主动形式表示被动含义(详情参见九年级上册Unit 3)。
①Liu Cixin's novels are worth reading(值得看).
②These stamps are worth collecting.
4. 动名词在need, require(需要)等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。
sth need doing＝sth need to be done
切记：此句型的主语是物体。
当主语是人时，使用Sb need to do sth
① Her bike needed repairing.
=Her bike needed to be repaired.
②The problem requires dealing with at once.
5. 动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。
The box is too heavy to carry.
6. 有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有
easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important,
useful, dangerous等。e.g.
①English is difficult to learn.
②Goldfish are easy to look after.
六、【2018江苏省中考真题实战演练】
【解析】2018年江苏省13市中考全部考查被动语态，
题型主要是单项选择题和词汇填空题。
被动语态已经成为中考必考知识，
必须熟记核心结构“be+过去分词”和时态，
熟练掌握过去分词。
①2018江苏省徐州中考第6题
6. The latest mobile phone _______ in China.
A. will make B. has made
C. is making D. is made
②2018江苏省连云港中考第49题
49. Some foreigners living in our city will be ___________ (邀请) to share their life experiences with us.
③2018江苏省无锡中考第53题
53. Stephen Hawking(霍金) ________________________ (consider认为) to be ‘the greatest scientist in history’, along with Isaac Newton(牛顿) and Albert Einstein(爱因斯坦).
D
invited
is considered
④2018江苏省宿迁中考第12题
12. ---How is our government going to deal with the office
building?
--- It will be ________ a library.
A. turned off B. turned on
C. turned out D. turned into
⑤2018江苏省宿迁中考第59题
59. Qian Xuesen _________________(consider认为) as “Father of Missile(导弹) in China”.
⑥2018江苏省常州中考第26题
26. --Bad luck! My watch doesn't work well.
--Take it easy(别着急). It just needs _____________ (repair).
D
is considered
repairing
to be repaired
⑦2018江苏省常州中考第26题
28. Zhu Ting, one of the best volleyball players of China, says she will return whenever she ______________(need).
⑧2018江苏省淮安中考第15题
15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did ___________.
A．understand B．understood
C．to understand D．understanding
⑨2018江苏省南通中考第8题
8. —Mrs Brown, how long can books from the school
library ______?
—At most two weeks.
A. borrow B. keep C. be borrowed D. be kept
is needed
B
D
⑩2018江苏省南通中考第65题
65. Does your PE teacher teach you Chinese Kung fu?（改为被动语态）
_______ you ________ Chinese Kung fu by your PE teacher?
?2018江苏省苏州中考第4题
4. He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink _______ cola to keep fit.
A. much B. more C. fewer D. less
?2018江苏省盐城中考第12题
12. A lot of new roads _______ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.
A. built B. were built C. build D. will be built
Your PE teacher teaches you Chinese Kung fu.
You are taught Chinese Kung fu by your PE teacher.
Are taught
D
D
?2018江苏省扬州中考第12题
12. --- What are you watching?
---The Story of China. This part __________ at China Block Printing(雕版印刷) Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.
A. filmed(摄制) B. was filmed
C. has filmed D. is filmed
?2018江苏省扬州中考第53题
53. Some valuable(贵重的) jewellery(珠宝) in that shop was ______________ (偷) last week.
B
stolen
?2018江苏省镇江中考第9题
9. --An AI robot(机器人) __________ in our school dining hall next term．
--I'm looking forward to it.
A．will use B．will be used
C．is used D．was used
B
?2018江苏省南京中考第7题
7. ---Simon, do you know who invented the kite?
---Sure! It ___________ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.
A. is invented B. invented
C. was invented D. will be invented
?2018江苏省泰州中考第69题
69. Taizhou and Changzhou ________________________ (separate隔开) by the Yangtze River, and a new bridge will connect the two cities in the near future.
C
are separated
Thank you.
Goodbye.
See you tomorrow.