中考基础知识（JUNIOR BOOK II (UNIT 1-14)
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| 名称 | 中考基础知识（JUNIOR BOOK II (UNIT 1-14) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2012-03-26 19:26:41 | ||
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中考基础知识（JUNIOR BOOK II (UNIT 1-14)
一．知识网络【重点内容概要】1．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法以及比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化。2．理解和运用一般讲来时be going to的用法。3．提建议的表达方法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )及答语。4．表示需要和询问对方和向对方提出建议。5．一般过去时及其一般疑问句的回答。6．反义疑问句。7．介词in, on, at的用法。8．There be结构的一般过去时态。9．一般讲来时will的用法。10．感叹句。11．邀请和应答；打电话；谈论天气、季节；请求许可。【句型、词组精讲】1. May I have a piece of paper, please 请问，能给我一张纸吗？May I… 是表示请求对方许可的句型，多用于较正式的场合。这个句型的肯定回答：(1) Yes, please (2) Certainly. (3) Of course. (4) Sure. (5) That’s OK/all right. (6) Yes, you may /can. 等。否定回答是：(1) No, you can t. (2) Certainly not. (3) Of course not. 也可婉转地回答：I’m sorry, but …或: I’m afraid not. 如：—Ｍay I borrow your bike ,please 我可以借你的自行车吗？—Certainly! Here you are. (Sorry .I’m using it. )当然可以！给你。（对不起，我正用着。）2. Don’t you usually come to school by bike 难道你通常不是骑自行车上学吗？这是否定疑问句，常用来表示责怪、惊奇、建议等，可译成“难道不……吗？”回答时若事实是肯定的用Yes (不)，若事实是否定的则用No(是)，注意不要受汉语的干扰。如：—Aren’t you a student 难道你不是个学生吗？—Yes, I am.. (No, I’m not.) 不，我是。（是的，我不是。）3. And the air today is nice and clean. 今天的空气很清新。Nice and 在英语中是个固定结构，意为“很”、“十分”，相当于very 或quite, 其后接形容词或副词，用于加强语气。如：The child is nice and strong .这孩子很强壮。4. few/a few/little/a little few ,a few 用于代替或修饰可数名词；little, a little 用于代替或修饰不可数名词。a few 和a little 的意思是肯定的，表示“一些；有一点儿”；few 和little 的意思是否定的，表示“很少、几乎没有”。5. Why not 为什么不呢？“Why not+动词原形？”虽然形式上是否定的，但它所表达的含义是肯定的，常用来表示一种建议，语气比较委婉、客气。此句型可看作是“Why don’t you… ”的省略式。如：Why not have a swim now (=Why don’t you have a swim now )为什么现在不游泳呢？6. It’s time for class. 该上课了。“It’s time for…” 和“It’s time to…” 这两个句型都表示“该……了”或“是……的时候了”。for 后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式, to 后接动词。如：
It’s time for (to have )lunch .该吃午饭了.7. What about a quarter past two 两点一刻怎么样？What about…… (=How about…… )意为“(你认为) ……怎么样？“常用于征求意见、询问情况或提出建议。后接名词、代词或动名词。8. Shall we go to the park 我们去公园去吗？Shall I (we) …… 表示建议征求对方意见，意为“我(们) ……好吗？肯定回答多用：(1)Good idea. (2) All right. (3) OK. (4) Yes, please. 等。否定回答多用：(1)No, thanks. (2) No, please don’t. (3) No, I don’t think……等。如：—Shall I open the window 我打开窗户好吗？—No, thanks. (All right.) 不用，谢谢。（好吧。）9. Let’s make it a little earlier. 让我们早一点吧！(1)Let’s……是提建议的一种句式，意思是“让我们……”，Let’s 后接动词原形。肯定回答用Ok! 或All right !等；否定回答则用No, let’s…….(2)Make it 是习惯用语，it 在这里表示“规定时间”。如：Let’s make it half past six. 让我们定在六点半吧。10. in front of/in the front of in front of 意为“在（物体之外的）前边”，而in the front of 意为“在（物体本身的）前部。“表示“在某人前面”要用in front of sb .11. They must keep their hands behind their backs .The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.他们必须把手一直放在背后。班上的其它学生一直闭着眼睛。“keep +宾语+宾补”意为“使…保持某种状态”。其形式有：(1) keep +宾补+形容词；(2) keep +宾语+动词ing 形式；(3) keep +宾语+介词短语；(4) keep +宾语＋副词。如：He kept me waiting for an hour .他让我等了一个小时。12. The eraser goes from one student to another—first one way, then another. 橡皮从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里——先从这边传过去，然后再从那边传过来。(1) from…to…从……到：……，通常与基数词或表示时间、地点的名词以及抽象名词连用。They go to school from Monday to Friday. 他们从这星期一到星期五去上学。 (2) one…another…一个……另一个……，一个……又一个（总数是三个以上）(3) first……then……先……后……13. find/findout/look for find通常指发现、找到有形的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况；find out意为“找到”、“查出”，多指通过探索、观察而发现，通常带有“经过困难曲折的涵义”；look for则指“寻找”的过程。14. You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问问那边的那个警察。had better为习惯用语，相当于一个情态动词。had better意为“最好”，后接动词原形，指现在或将来，用于向对方提出建议或劝告。其否定形式为had better not+动词原形。如：You’d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里逗留太久。15. We live in a place called Gum Tree. 我们住在一个叫桉树镇的地方。a place called…=a place named…=a place with the name…名叫……的地方，called是过去分词，给前面的名词作定语。如：a boy called Tom一个名叫汤姆的男孩。16. I hope he’s better tomorrow. 我希望他明天会好些。hope是及物动词，意为“希望”，其后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。如：He hope to go shopping with us. 他希望和我们一起去买东西。表示“希望某人做某事”不可用hope sb. to do sth. 而要用hope +(that)从句。如：我希望你来。误：I hope you to come. 正：I hope (that) you will come. 17. Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health 过多的看电视对你的身体有害还是有益呢？(1) be good (bad) for表示“对……有好（害）处”；be good (bad) to表示“等……好（不好）”；be good at意为“擅长……”，“在……方面做得很好”，相当于do well in。如：She’s very good to us. 她等我们很好。Some are very good at boating. 有些人擅长划船。(2) too much表示“过多”、“太多”，在句中可作宾、定、表或状语；而much too表示“太”、“过分”，修饰形容词或副词，作状语。如：Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。This question us much too difficult. 这个问题太难了。18. how long/how often how long意为“多久”、“多长”，用于提问时间或距离的长短。如：How long were you away last year 去年你缺席多长时间？How long is the Great Wall 长城有多长？how often意为“每隔多久，每隔多长时间”。回答表示程度的频度副词有sometimes, always, usually, never等或once a week, three times a month等。如：How often do you go to see your mother 你每隔多长时间去看你的母亲？此外，how far意为“多远”（对距离提问）；how old“多大”（对年龄提问）；how many“多少”（对不可数名词数量提问）。19. What’s wrong with sb/ sth. 用于询问某人或某物“怎么了？”或“某物出了什么毛病？”。如：What’s wrong with your watch 你的手表出了什么毛病？20. But we need some more. 但我们还需要再准备些。more表示“另外的、更多的、附加的”之意，可起代词或形容词作用。其前还可以再加some, a little, much, many, a few等修饰语。如：Would you like a little more tea 你要不要再喝点茶？当more前有数词时，more和another可进行改写。如：I wrote two more letters to her. 我又给她写了两封信。（I wrote another two letters to her.）【语法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )精讲】 一般过去时一、一般过去时的形式1．动词be的一般过去时态的形式有两种，即was, were。was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于第一、三人称复数和第二人称单、复数。You were we were they were2．行为动词一般过去时态的形式：动词的过去式，没有人称和数的变化。二、一般过去时的用法1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，即“一次性的过去动作”。如：They enjoyed themselves last Sunday. 他们上周日玩得很高兴。I was busy yesterday. 昨天我很忙。2．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：We often walked in the evening when we lived in the country last summer. 去年夏天我们住在农村，傍晚常出去散步。三、一般过去时的时间状语1．由副词yesterday或由yesterday开头构成的短语：yesterday morning/ afternoon等。如：Where did you go yesterday 昨天你去哪儿了？2．由“last+表时间的名词”构成的短语：last week, last year等。如：I received two letters from my home last month. 上个月我收到两封家信。3．由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, an hour ago等。如：They left two hours ago. 他们两小时以前离开了。4．由“介词+时间名词”构成的短语：in 1998, on Monday, on April 12等。如：Napoleon did in 1821. 拿破仑死于1821年。 5．其它词或词组：then, just now等。如： The scientists lived in China then. 当时这些科学家住在中国。 将来时表示法一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示“将来”的句式很多，常用的句式及用法归纳如下：一、be going to+动词原形(专题与will的区别)1．这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。如：My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。2．这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。如：Look at these black clouds——it is going to rain. 看这些乌云——要下雨了。I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒了。注意：1. 如果be going to后接的是形容词或副词（there）时，其后应加上be，然后再接形容词或副词。如：I’m going to be busy this Sunday. 这个星期天我很忙2. there be句型也可用于这种句型中，但there不能和have连用。如：There is going to be an English film this evening. 今天晚上有一场英文电影。二、shall/ will+动词原形。在书面语中，第一人称常用shall, 但在口语中，所有人称都可用will. 1．will/ shall均可表示单纯的将来。如：The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow. 收音机报道明天多云。2．表示预料中将要发生的动作或情况。如：You’ll feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感到好些的。3．will表示人的主观意愿，它带有浓厚的感彩。如：Come earlier tomorrow, or I won’t let you in. 明天早点儿来，否则我不让你进来。4．在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用will。如：Will you go to see a film with us 你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？5．shall表示建议或征求对方的意见。如：Shall we go at eight 我们八点去好吗？6．表示不以人们的意志为转移的规律。如：He is fourteen this year, and he will be fifteen next year. 他今年十四岁，明年十五岁。三、come, go, leave, fly, begin, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用现在时行时表示将来的动作。如：Mr. Li says he is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 李先生说他明天将去北京。The sports meeting is beginning at three this afternoon. 运动会将于今天下午三点开始。四、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：If it doesn’t rain, they will climb a hill tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，他们将去爬山。I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你写信。 五、come, go, start, leave等动词的一般现在时也可以表示将来，它是用来根据规定或时刻表示一定会发生的动作或状态。与现在进行时态一样，一般现在时主要用于往返动作。如：The train leaves at two o’clock p.m. 火车下午两点钟开。 The new term starts at the beginning of September. 新学期将于九月初开始。注：表示往返和位置转移动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示按计划安排将要发生的事，但一般现在时表示“不可改变或不可随便更改的事件或计划”，所以常用于时刻表；而现在进行时表示将来“按计划安排的事可能会改变”。六、用“情态动词+动词原形”也可表示将来。这种形式一般用于比较明显的表示将来的时间状语的句子中。如：You must get up early tomorrow. 你明天必须得早起。七、用“has better+动词原形”也可以表示将来。如：You’d better go to see your sister next week. 下周你最好去看看你妹妹。使用比较等级应注意的事项1．注意错用比较等级的构成。1）他比我走得慢。误：He walks slowlier than I. 正：He walks more slowly than I. 有些双音节形容词（副词），可在词尾加-r(-er), -st(-est)构成比较级和最高级。如：happy, dirty, clever等。但以“ly”结尾的副词，除了early外多在其前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。2）游泳是我最喜爱的运动。误：Swimming is my most favourite. 正：Swimming is my favourite sport. 有些形容词，本身表示的程度就已达到“极限”，或者无法再比较，所以没有比较等级形式。再如：full, empty, whole, afraid, round, living, dead等。2．注意比较对象前后的一致。比较级中，比较的双方必须是同一类的人或事物，非同类的事物是不能进行比较的。如：我的自行车比你的自行车便宜。误：My bike is cheaper than you. 正：My bike is cheaper than yours 在比较级中，比较的双方虽属同类，但相比较的事物为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象常用that，one, those或ones代替前面出现的比较对象。如：北京的冬天比上海冷。误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 3．注意比较范围中的“包括”与“不包括”。在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外。如：吉姆比班里的其他任何学生都高。误：Jim is taller than any students in his class. 正：Jim is taller than any other student in his class. 4．注意比较级、最高级前定冠词the的使用。 形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词，但句中若有“of the two”结构，表示两者“较……的一个”时，要加定冠词the。如：He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中个子较高的一位。5．注意比较等级前修饰词的使用。 比较级前不可用very, quite, too等词来修饰，但可以用表示比较程度的much, a little, a bit, even, still等副词来修饰。如：This book is much thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚得多。Yesterday was a little colder than today. 昨天比今天有点冷。另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。如：I’m three years other than he. 我比他大三岁。二．考试热点1．一般将来时be going to的用法，通过对话询问对方的计划、打算，并提出各种建议，学会提建议的表达方法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。2．形容词的比较级和最高级以及它们之间的句型转换，能修饰比较级的词。3．在交际运用中考查表计划、打算、询问及建议的用法。4．一般过去时。5．各种情况的翻译疑问句。6．邀请、请求许可、打电话及写电话留言和谈论天气。主要考查题型：选择填空，句型转换题，口语运用题，书面表达题。三．重、难点突破1．比较级用于两者间的比较；有比较连词’than则要用比较级。在运用比较级时应注意以下几方面：1)alittle，abit，much，even，still可以修饰比较级；以加强语气，而very不能修饰比较级。2)进行比较时，要注意比较的对象、比较的范围是否一致。 2．最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，一般有in...或of..．，among...之类的词。形容词最高级前应带the，而副词最高级前的the可省略。3．最高级和比较级常进行转换。最常见的转换句式是：最高级转为比较级，即“...than any other..."结构。4．提建议的常用句式： (1) 用“Shall we／I... ”句型。其意思是“…...好吗 ”主要用于提出某种建议或征求对方意见，多用于第一人称。常用Good idea回答。(2) 用"Let ’s+动词原形”句型。在表示“建议”时包括对方在内，意为‘‘咱们......吧!”有时还可以在句尾加上"Shall we ”通常用OK回答。(3) 用“Why not+动词原形”句型。意为“为什么不...... "它常用All right回答。(4) 用“had better+动词原形”句型。其意是“最好......”，表建议或劝告。(5) 用“How／What about + doing／名词”句型。5．一般过去时是非常重要的一个时态，在书面表达中，使用很广。一般过去时的运用要掌握其构成和常用时间状语。它的构成可分为两种情况：1)主语+谓语be(was／were)+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为：主语+was not／were not+其他。Was／Were+主语+其他 2)主语+行为动词／连系动词的过去式+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为：主语+did not(didn’t)+谓语动词的原形+其他，Did+主语+谓语动词的原形+其他 此处关键是谓语动词要用原形。 动词变过去式，有规则动词和不规则动词之分，需要区分牢记。 常见的过去时间状语有：yesterday，last+时间名词，时间段+ago等。6．关于be going to与will。 这两者都表示将来，be going to常用来表示打算，计划、决定要做的事情或根据某些现象或征兆预测即将发生的事。在表示意图或即将发生某事时可与will互用，但下列情况常用will或shall而不用be going to。1)表带意愿色彩的将采。2)问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令。3)表示建议或征求意见。7．反意疑问句。反意疑问句是在陈述句后面加上一个简短的附加问句。其用法如下：1)若前面的陈述句是肯定式，后面的附加问句用否定形式，反之，要用肯定式。简言之，前肯，后否：前否，后肯；前名(词)后代(相应代词)；前代后代，时态一致。若陈述部分为there be句型，其后部分要用there。2)当反意疑问句的陈述部分含有few，little no, never，hardly等词时，附加部分要用肯定式。 3)对于反意疑问句的回答，要根据实际情况回答，若事实是肯定的，要用yes，事实是否定的，要用no，在译成汉语时要注意。如：There is no water on the moon，is there 月亮上没有水，是吗 No，there isn’t．是的，没有。(注：月亮上没有水是事实，故不能回答为Yes，there is．)4)祈使句的反意疑问句除Let’s...，shall we 外，其余的附加问句均为will、you。 8. 感叹句, 感叹句根据感叹部分可分为两种类型：1)How+形容词+主语+be!或How+副词+主语+动词! 2)What a／an+形容词+可数名词单数+主+谓!或What+ 形容词+复数名词(或不可数名词)+主+谓! 9．交际用语项目1) Could I speak to...，please 是打电话常用语，若接电话的是所找之人时，用This is．．．speaking或to．．speaking或Speaking。若接电话不是本人时，可以说Sorry，he／she is out。或Hold on a moment，please。／One moment，please。2) Is that... 或Is that...speaking 是在电话上询问对方是谁。3) Would you like to... 是邀请别人。同意即以I d like to回答。若不能应允，则可以用I d like to，but．．．婉拒。4)在表示对别人答谢时，常用如下的答谢语： ①That’s all right．②That’s OK．③It’s a pleasure．④With pleasure。⑤It’s my pleasure．⑥Not at all．⑦You re Welcome四．典型例题【例1】There is going to ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.A. be B. have C. open D. hold分析 此题考查学生句子中的词语搭配。“举行运动会”为hold a sports meeting, 但句中有“there”一词，决定要用there be句型，表示“某时有……”，虽然have也有“有”的含义，但它是“（某人/某物）有”故本题答案为A。【例2】Of all the shoes in your shop, is this pair ______ one A. very good B. much better C. a cheaper D. the cheapest分析 此题考查学生形容词比较等级的用法。因为句中有“Of all the shoes”这个表示最高级的范围的短语，所以答案应选D。【例3】选出与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。1) — Shall we meet at eight —Let s make it a quarter earlier, A. ten minutes B. fifteen minutes C. half an hour D. an hour2) He’s going to London by air. A. by plane B. by ship C. by car D. by train 分析 此题考查学生对英语词汇的理解。a quarter“一刻”就是十五分钟fifteen minutes。 by air就是乘飞机by plane, 所以两题答案为B和A。 【例4】______ I open the window It s so warm here.A. Must B. Will C. Shall D. Would分析 此题考查学生对助动词、情态动词的理解。will, shall, would都有征求对方意见之意，语气都很委婉、客气，但它们接的人称代词不同。will, would常接第二人称you, shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。【例5】He doesn’t know _____ English because he has studied it for only ______ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little 分析 此题考查学生对little/ a little, few / a few的理解。a little/ little修饰不可数名词，a few/ few修饰可数名词。而a little, a few表示“有点，少数几个”，在句中有肯定含义；little/ few表示“少数”，“几乎没有”在句中有否定含义。此题中English是不可数名词，weeks是可数名词，所以答案为A。【例6】改写句子。We have a class meeting once a week._______ _______ do you have a class meeting 分析 此题考查学生对疑问词的正确理解和运用。once a week“一周一次”，表示动作的频率次数，而how often正是针对动作的频率、次数提问的疑问词，故该两空格填How often。【例7】Peter collected some old coins two years ago. (改为否定句)Peter ______ collect ______ old coins two years ago.分析 此题考查学生对一般过去时句型的转换。一般过去时的句子在改一般疑问句和否定句时要借助动词did，而且句中的some在否定句中要改为any，所以两空应填出didn’t, any。【例8】Eating more vegetables will keep you ______ .A. health B. fat C. weak D. healthy分析 此题考查学生对语句的理解及keep一词的用法。“多吃青菜”不会使人“胖”或“体弱”，故B、C两答案不能填。而keep是“使……处于某种状态”。keep sth. +形容词。A答案health是名词，不能选，所以只有healthy (形容词、健康的)才行。【例 9】We do eye exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)______ you ______ eye exercises every day 分析 此题考查学生do作实义动词、助动词的用法。句中do eye exercises 中的do是实义动词“做”之意。将此句改为一般疑问句要借助助动词do，而实义动词do也不能少，所以两格应填Do, do。【例 10】Bruce, Look at your dirty shoes. You d better ______ them right now. A. washed B. washing C. wash D. to wash 分析 此题考查学生对You’d better习惯用语中的用法。You’d better意思是“你最好……”后面接动词原形。故此题答案选C。【例11】(广州市，2003)Now the air in our hometown is than it was before。Something must be done． A. much better B．more worse C．more better D。much worse思路分析 此题考查形容词比较级的用法，由more不能修饰比较级可以排除B、C，由"Something must be done"(必须采取措施)知，情况不好，故选D。解后反思 能修饰比较级的常见词有：much，a little，a bit，even，still，any等。【例12】(南宁市，2003)Do you think an American film tomorrow A．is there B．there s going to be C．will there be D. there s going to have思路分析 此题考查there be句型的用法及宾语从句的语序。故A、C可以排除。而there be句型的将来时结构应是there will be或there is(are) going to be...所以本题正确答案为B。解后反思 在there be句型中不能出现have的各种形式。【例13】(上海市，2003)— is it from our school to Lupu Bridge ——About half an hour s bus ride。 Shall we go and visit it A. How long B．How often C How far D. How much思路分析 本题考查疑问词的用法。how long指时间长短，如two days；how often问频率，如three times a day；how much问(不可数)多少；而how far问距离，而本题half an hour’s bus ride指的是距离，故选C。【例14】(桂林市，2003)Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ——March，25th A. in B. on C. at D. of思路分析 此题考查介词与时间搭配的用法。in不与具体日期连用，但它：可以与时间段、季节、年连用；at与时间点连用，of不与时间连用，而on与具体日期连用，故选B解后反思 on与时间的连用，有如下几种情况：1)on月+日／on+日期2)on+星期／on星期+morning／afternoon／evening 3)On a+修饰词+morning／afternoon／evening／day 4)on the morning／afternoon／evening of月、日。【例15】(桂林市，2003) he at this school last term ——Yes，I think so，A. Did，study B。Does，study C. Was，study D. Did，studied思路分析 此题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句的用法。由last term知B可以排除，而study是行为动词，其疑问句要借助助动词did且助动词后的谓语动词要用动词原形，故选A。【例16】(昆明市，2003)He has never visited the Great Hall of the People， A．hasn’t he B。has he C．does he D．doesn’t he思路分析 此题考查反意疑问句，由前后时态要一致的原则，选项D、C可排除，又never意为“从不’’，故选B。 解后反思 弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。
五．强化训练及答案（Book II Units 1-14）
I．词汇A）根据句意或汉语提示完成句子。
１._____is the second month of a year.
2. Her father work in a ______ . (医院)
3. Do you ______ his telephone number (记得)
4. The twins sit in the _______ row.（前面的）.
5. There are sixty _______ in an hour.
B)用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。
6. The students ran out of the classroom ______. (quick)
7. December is the _______ month of a year.(twelve)
8. Are you good at _______basketball (play)
9. They all go to school on_____.(foot)
10. The farmers are busy _______ on the farm.(work)
C)根据划线部分的意思，选出与其意思相同或相近的选项。
11. She is the student called Mary.
A. with a name B. with the name C. has the name D. with name
12. This sweater looks nice. I want to take it.
A. sell B. borrow C. use D. buy
13. They’d like to stay here for a few days.
A. a little B. many C. some D. a lot of
14. What’s wrong with your TV set.
A. the matter B. trouble C. worst D. the bad thing
15. Long long ago, there lived a poor old man in the village.
A. had B. took C. stood D. was
II．单项选择
16. Does your sister enjoy______ the music
A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listen to
17. Reading _____ the sun is bad ____ eyes.
A. under, to B. under, for C. in, to D. in, for
18. Please give me_____.
A. two piece of red paper. B. two piece of red papers
C. two pieces of red paper D. two piece of red papers
19. There’s ___ tea in the cup, is there
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
20. Why not_____ outside the zoo
A .meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
21. Mr. Johnson _____ Tokyo yesterday morning.
A. get B. arrived C. reached D. reached in
22. Do you know the way _____ the post office
A. of B. to C. for D. with
23. She ____ a new watch.
A. needs to buy B. needs buying C. need buying D. need to buy
24. —Don’t they come by bike —_____.
A. Yes, they don’t B. No, they do C. Yes, they are. D. No, they don’t.
25.______ delicious food they are!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
26. Chongqing is bigger than ____ in China.
A. all the cities B. any cities C. any other city D. any city
27. Her brother is _____ than she.
A. more stronger B. much stronger C. much strong D. very stronger
28. She’s coming back ____ two day.
A. after B. in C. later D. behind
29. —When did you come to Linfen — ______.
A. For two weeks. B. In two weeks.
C. Two weeks later. D. Two weeks ago.
30. ______ are you going to the zoo, by bike or by bus
A. How B. Why C. What D. Which way
III．补全对话
选择正确的答案补全对话
A: Excuse me, sir.
B: Yes ___31____
A: ___32___ me the way to the railway station
B: Well, go down to the end of this street and then turn left. ___33___
A: Is it far from here
B: I think so.
A: Can I take a bus
B: Yes, ___34___
A: Oh, yes. Thanks a lot.
B: ___35___
31. A. What do you want to do B. Let me help you.
C. What can I do for you D. What can you do for me
32. A. Can you call B. Can you say C. Do you help D. Can you tell
33. A. The railway station is new. B. The railway station is on you right.
C. The railway station is far. D. The railway station is beautiful.
34. A. there’s a bus stop over there.
B. there’s a policeman over there.
C. there’re many people over there.
D. there’s a railway station over there.
35. A. All right. B. Fine, thank you. C. That’s all. D. You’re welcome.
IV．句型转换，每空一词。
A）完成句子，使上下两句意思一致。
36. She went home on foot yesterday.
She _______ ______ yesterday.
37. I like the busy life.
I like to _______ ______.
38. What is your favourite sport
________ _____ is your favourite
39. She often helps me with English.
She often helps me _____ ____ English.
40. There was no rain last week.
It ______ _____ last week.
B）按要求进行句式转换。
41. She had some bread this morning. (一般疑问句)
Did she_____ _____ bread this morning
42. He put the eggs in the basket. （对划线部分提问）
______ _____ he put the eggs
43. Her sister is a careful girl. （改为感叹句）
______ ______ her sister is!
44. Is that a photo or a knife （变为复数形式）
Are those ____ or ______
45. He writes a letter to his parents every month. （改为现在进行时）
He ______ ______ a letter to his parents now.
V．完成下列句子，每空一词。
46. 我刚做完作业。
I ______ _______ my homework just now.
47. 做眼保健操对眼睛有益。
______ eye _____ is good for eyes.
48. 这个筐比那个筐重得多。
This basket is _______ _______ than that one.
49. 昨天晚上你没看电视吗？
_______ you _________TV last night
50. 我想你吃得太多了。
I think you are eating_______ ______.
VI．完形填空。
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从51-60各题后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Small cars may take the place of (代替)big cars in the future (将来).There is 51 for only two people in such a car. If everyone __52_ such a car, there will be less pollution（污染）_53__ the air. There will also be more space for 54 cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded (拥挤).The little cars will cost_ 55_ less. Driving will be _56_, too, as those little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour .If big cars are still used along with the small _57 , two kinds of roads will be _58 in the future. Some roads will be used _59 the big , fast cars, and _60 roads will be needed for the slower, smaller ones.
51. A. seat B. place C. a room D. space
52. A. pulls B. rides C. drives D. pushes
53. A. at B. in C. for D. on
54. A. park B. parking C. stop D. stopping
55. A. much B. many C. more D. lots of
56. A. dangerous B. safe C. safer D. worse
57. A. one B. ones C. seat D. seats
58. A. nees B. needs C. needing D. needed
59. A. for B. by C. in D.as
60. A. another B. others C. other D. the other
Ⅶ.阅读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )理解（10%）
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
Women’s fashions (时装)change more quickly than men’s .In the early 1990’s, all women wore their skirts down to the ankle (脚踝).Today, some skirts are even longer than before, but some are very short .Women’s shoes have also gone through all sorts of changes in the last ninety –five years .For example, boots (靴)for women were very common at the beginning of the century .Then for years, they were not thought fashionable.Today, they’re back again in all colours, lengths (长度)and materials (材料). In fact, today’s women can wear all kinds of clothes on almost any occasion (场合). While all of these changes were taking place in women’s fashions, men’s clothing remained (保持)almost the same as it was a few years ago. And, in fact, most men are still dressed in the kinds of they used to wear.
61. Today women like to wear _____skirts.
A. long B. short C. neither long nor short D. both long and short
62. Boots are thought _____now.
A. uncommon B. fashionable
C. fit for (适合) girls D. unfashionable
63. When today’s women attend (出席) the party, they wear_______.
A. any kinds of clothes they like B. long skirts and short boots
C. red long boots D. skirts down to the ankle
64. Men’s fashions _______.
A. change as women’s fashions do B. have also changed
C. are changing fast these years D. remain unchanged
65. The passage tried to tell us _____.
A. women’s shoes are back again in all colours, lengths, etc
B. today women are dressed in the kinds of clothes they used to wear
C. women’s fashions for clothes, shoes and so on always change
D. boots for women have been thought fashionable since 1900
强化训练答案：
I. 1. February 2. hospital 3. remember 4. front 5. minutes 6. quickly 7. twelfth 8. playing 9. foot 10. working 11—15 B D C A D
II. 16—20 C D C D A 21—25 C B A D D 26—30 C B B D A
III. 31—35 C D B AD
IV. 36. walked home 37. keep/ be busy 38. What sport 39. to learn 40. didn’t rain 41. have any 42. Where did 43. How careful 44. photos, knives 45. is writing
V. 46. finished doing 47. Doing, exercises 48. much heavier 49. Didn’t, watch 50. too much
VI. 51—55 D C B B A 56—60 C B D A D
VII. 61—65 D B A D C
一．知识网络【重点内容概要】1．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法以及比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化。2．理解和运用一般讲来时be going to的用法。3．提建议的表达方法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )及答语。4．表示需要和询问对方和向对方提出建议。5．一般过去时及其一般疑问句的回答。6．反义疑问句。7．介词in, on, at的用法。8．There be结构的一般过去时态。9．一般讲来时will的用法。10．感叹句。11．邀请和应答；打电话；谈论天气、季节；请求许可。【句型、词组精讲】1. May I have a piece of paper, please 请问，能给我一张纸吗？May I… 是表示请求对方许可的句型，多用于较正式的场合。这个句型的肯定回答：(1) Yes, please (2) Certainly. (3) Of course. (4) Sure. (5) That’s OK/all right. (6) Yes, you may /can. 等。否定回答是：(1) No, you can t. (2) Certainly not. (3) Of course not. 也可婉转地回答：I’m sorry, but …或: I’m afraid not. 如：—Ｍay I borrow your bike ,please 我可以借你的自行车吗？—Certainly! Here you are. (Sorry .I’m using it. )当然可以！给你。（对不起，我正用着。）2. Don’t you usually come to school by bike 难道你通常不是骑自行车上学吗？这是否定疑问句，常用来表示责怪、惊奇、建议等，可译成“难道不……吗？”回答时若事实是肯定的用Yes (不)，若事实是否定的则用No(是)，注意不要受汉语的干扰。如：—Aren’t you a student 难道你不是个学生吗？—Yes, I am.. (No, I’m not.) 不，我是。（是的，我不是。）3. And the air today is nice and clean. 今天的空气很清新。Nice and 在英语中是个固定结构，意为“很”、“十分”，相当于very 或quite, 其后接形容词或副词，用于加强语气。如：The child is nice and strong .这孩子很强壮。4. few/a few/little/a little few ,a few 用于代替或修饰可数名词；little, a little 用于代替或修饰不可数名词。a few 和a little 的意思是肯定的，表示“一些；有一点儿”；few 和little 的意思是否定的，表示“很少、几乎没有”。5. Why not 为什么不呢？“Why not+动词原形？”虽然形式上是否定的，但它所表达的含义是肯定的，常用来表示一种建议，语气比较委婉、客气。此句型可看作是“Why don’t you… ”的省略式。如：Why not have a swim now (=Why don’t you have a swim now )为什么现在不游泳呢？6. It’s time for class. 该上课了。“It’s time for…” 和“It’s time to…” 这两个句型都表示“该……了”或“是……的时候了”。for 后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式, to 后接动词。如：
It’s time for (to have )lunch .该吃午饭了.7. What about a quarter past two 两点一刻怎么样？What about…… (=How about…… )意为“(你认为) ……怎么样？“常用于征求意见、询问情况或提出建议。后接名词、代词或动名词。8. Shall we go to the park 我们去公园去吗？Shall I (we) …… 表示建议征求对方意见，意为“我(们) ……好吗？肯定回答多用：(1)Good idea. (2) All right. (3) OK. (4) Yes, please. 等。否定回答多用：(1)No, thanks. (2) No, please don’t. (3) No, I don’t think……等。如：—Shall I open the window 我打开窗户好吗？—No, thanks. (All right.) 不用，谢谢。（好吧。）9. Let’s make it a little earlier. 让我们早一点吧！(1)Let’s……是提建议的一种句式，意思是“让我们……”，Let’s 后接动词原形。肯定回答用Ok! 或All right !等；否定回答则用No, let’s…….(2)Make it 是习惯用语，it 在这里表示“规定时间”。如：Let’s make it half past six. 让我们定在六点半吧。10. in front of/in the front of in front of 意为“在（物体之外的）前边”，而in the front of 意为“在（物体本身的）前部。“表示“在某人前面”要用in front of sb .11. They must keep their hands behind their backs .The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.他们必须把手一直放在背后。班上的其它学生一直闭着眼睛。“keep +宾语+宾补”意为“使…保持某种状态”。其形式有：(1) keep +宾补+形容词；(2) keep +宾语+动词ing 形式；(3) keep +宾语+介词短语；(4) keep +宾语＋副词。如：He kept me waiting for an hour .他让我等了一个小时。12. The eraser goes from one student to another—first one way, then another. 橡皮从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里——先从这边传过去，然后再从那边传过来。(1) from…to…从……到：……，通常与基数词或表示时间、地点的名词以及抽象名词连用。They go to school from Monday to Friday. 他们从这星期一到星期五去上学。 (2) one…another…一个……另一个……，一个……又一个（总数是三个以上）(3) first……then……先……后……13. find/findout/look for find通常指发现、找到有形的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况；find out意为“找到”、“查出”，多指通过探索、观察而发现，通常带有“经过困难曲折的涵义”；look for则指“寻找”的过程。14. You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问问那边的那个警察。had better为习惯用语，相当于一个情态动词。had better意为“最好”，后接动词原形，指现在或将来，用于向对方提出建议或劝告。其否定形式为had better not+动词原形。如：You’d better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里逗留太久。15. We live in a place called Gum Tree. 我们住在一个叫桉树镇的地方。a place called…=a place named…=a place with the name…名叫……的地方，called是过去分词，给前面的名词作定语。如：a boy called Tom一个名叫汤姆的男孩。16. I hope he’s better tomorrow. 我希望他明天会好些。hope是及物动词，意为“希望”，其后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。如：He hope to go shopping with us. 他希望和我们一起去买东西。表示“希望某人做某事”不可用hope sb. to do sth. 而要用hope +(that)从句。如：我希望你来。误：I hope you to come. 正：I hope (that) you will come. 17. Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health 过多的看电视对你的身体有害还是有益呢？(1) be good (bad) for表示“对……有好（害）处”；be good (bad) to表示“等……好（不好）”；be good at意为“擅长……”，“在……方面做得很好”，相当于do well in。如：She’s very good to us. 她等我们很好。Some are very good at boating. 有些人擅长划船。(2) too much表示“过多”、“太多”，在句中可作宾、定、表或状语；而much too表示“太”、“过分”，修饰形容词或副词，作状语。如：Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。This question us much too difficult. 这个问题太难了。18. how long/how often how long意为“多久”、“多长”，用于提问时间或距离的长短。如：How long were you away last year 去年你缺席多长时间？How long is the Great Wall 长城有多长？how often意为“每隔多久，每隔多长时间”。回答表示程度的频度副词有sometimes, always, usually, never等或once a week, three times a month等。如：How often do you go to see your mother 你每隔多长时间去看你的母亲？此外，how far意为“多远”（对距离提问）；how old“多大”（对年龄提问）；how many“多少”（对不可数名词数量提问）。19. What’s wrong with sb/ sth. 用于询问某人或某物“怎么了？”或“某物出了什么毛病？”。如：What’s wrong with your watch 你的手表出了什么毛病？20. But we need some more. 但我们还需要再准备些。more表示“另外的、更多的、附加的”之意，可起代词或形容词作用。其前还可以再加some, a little, much, many, a few等修饰语。如：Would you like a little more tea 你要不要再喝点茶？当more前有数词时，more和another可进行改写。如：I wrote two more letters to her. 我又给她写了两封信。（I wrote another two letters to her.）【语法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )精讲】 一般过去时一、一般过去时的形式1．动词be的一般过去时态的形式有两种，即was, were。was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于第一、三人称复数和第二人称单、复数。You were we were they were2．行为动词一般过去时态的形式：动词的过去式，没有人称和数的变化。二、一般过去时的用法1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，即“一次性的过去动作”。如：They enjoyed themselves last Sunday. 他们上周日玩得很高兴。I was busy yesterday. 昨天我很忙。2．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：We often walked in the evening when we lived in the country last summer. 去年夏天我们住在农村，傍晚常出去散步。三、一般过去时的时间状语1．由副词yesterday或由yesterday开头构成的短语：yesterday morning/ afternoon等。如：Where did you go yesterday 昨天你去哪儿了？2．由“last+表时间的名词”构成的短语：last week, last year等。如：I received two letters from my home last month. 上个月我收到两封家信。3．由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, an hour ago等。如：They left two hours ago. 他们两小时以前离开了。4．由“介词+时间名词”构成的短语：in 1998, on Monday, on April 12等。如：Napoleon did in 1821. 拿破仑死于1821年。 5．其它词或词组：then, just now等。如： The scientists lived in China then. 当时这些科学家住在中国。 将来时表示法一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示“将来”的句式很多，常用的句式及用法归纳如下：一、be going to+动词原形(专题与will的区别)1．这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。如：My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。2．这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。如：Look at these black clouds——it is going to rain. 看这些乌云——要下雨了。I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒了。注意：1. 如果be going to后接的是形容词或副词（there）时，其后应加上be，然后再接形容词或副词。如：I’m going to be busy this Sunday. 这个星期天我很忙2. there be句型也可用于这种句型中，但there不能和have连用。如：There is going to be an English film this evening. 今天晚上有一场英文电影。二、shall/ will+动词原形。在书面语中，第一人称常用shall, 但在口语中，所有人称都可用will. 1．will/ shall均可表示单纯的将来。如：The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow. 收音机报道明天多云。2．表示预料中将要发生的动作或情况。如：You’ll feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感到好些的。3．will表示人的主观意愿，它带有浓厚的感彩。如：Come earlier tomorrow, or I won’t let you in. 明天早点儿来，否则我不让你进来。4．在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用will。如：Will you go to see a film with us 你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？5．shall表示建议或征求对方的意见。如：Shall we go at eight 我们八点去好吗？6．表示不以人们的意志为转移的规律。如：He is fourteen this year, and he will be fifteen next year. 他今年十四岁，明年十五岁。三、come, go, leave, fly, begin, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用现在时行时表示将来的动作。如：Mr. Li says he is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 李先生说他明天将去北京。The sports meeting is beginning at three this afternoon. 运动会将于今天下午三点开始。四、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：If it doesn’t rain, they will climb a hill tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，他们将去爬山。I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你写信。 五、come, go, start, leave等动词的一般现在时也可以表示将来，它是用来根据规定或时刻表示一定会发生的动作或状态。与现在进行时态一样，一般现在时主要用于往返动作。如：The train leaves at two o’clock p.m. 火车下午两点钟开。 The new term starts at the beginning of September. 新学期将于九月初开始。注：表示往返和位置转移动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示按计划安排将要发生的事，但一般现在时表示“不可改变或不可随便更改的事件或计划”，所以常用于时刻表；而现在进行时表示将来“按计划安排的事可能会改变”。六、用“情态动词+动词原形”也可表示将来。这种形式一般用于比较明显的表示将来的时间状语的句子中。如：You must get up early tomorrow. 你明天必须得早起。七、用“has better+动词原形”也可以表示将来。如：You’d better go to see your sister next week. 下周你最好去看看你妹妹。使用比较等级应注意的事项1．注意错用比较等级的构成。1）他比我走得慢。误：He walks slowlier than I. 正：He walks more slowly than I. 有些双音节形容词（副词），可在词尾加-r(-er), -st(-est)构成比较级和最高级。如：happy, dirty, clever等。但以“ly”结尾的副词，除了early外多在其前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。2）游泳是我最喜爱的运动。误：Swimming is my most favourite. 正：Swimming is my favourite sport. 有些形容词，本身表示的程度就已达到“极限”，或者无法再比较，所以没有比较等级形式。再如：full, empty, whole, afraid, round, living, dead等。2．注意比较对象前后的一致。比较级中，比较的双方必须是同一类的人或事物，非同类的事物是不能进行比较的。如：我的自行车比你的自行车便宜。误：My bike is cheaper than you. 正：My bike is cheaper than yours 在比较级中，比较的双方虽属同类，但相比较的事物为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象常用that，one, those或ones代替前面出现的比较对象。如：北京的冬天比上海冷。误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 3．注意比较范围中的“包括”与“不包括”。在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外。如：吉姆比班里的其他任何学生都高。误：Jim is taller than any students in his class. 正：Jim is taller than any other student in his class. 4．注意比较级、最高级前定冠词the的使用。 形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词，但句中若有“of the two”结构，表示两者“较……的一个”时，要加定冠词the。如：He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中个子较高的一位。5．注意比较等级前修饰词的使用。 比较级前不可用very, quite, too等词来修饰，但可以用表示比较程度的much, a little, a bit, even, still等副词来修饰。如：This book is much thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚得多。Yesterday was a little colder than today. 昨天比今天有点冷。另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。如：I’m three years other than he. 我比他大三岁。二．考试热点1．一般将来时be going to的用法，通过对话询问对方的计划、打算，并提出各种建议，学会提建议的表达方法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。2．形容词的比较级和最高级以及它们之间的句型转换，能修饰比较级的词。3．在交际运用中考查表计划、打算、询问及建议的用法。4．一般过去时。5．各种情况的翻译疑问句。6．邀请、请求许可、打电话及写电话留言和谈论天气。主要考查题型：选择填空，句型转换题，口语运用题，书面表达题。三．重、难点突破1．比较级用于两者间的比较；有比较连词’than则要用比较级。在运用比较级时应注意以下几方面：1)alittle，abit，much，even，still可以修饰比较级；以加强语气，而very不能修饰比较级。2)进行比较时，要注意比较的对象、比较的范围是否一致。 2．最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，一般有in...或of..．，among...之类的词。形容词最高级前应带the，而副词最高级前的the可省略。3．最高级和比较级常进行转换。最常见的转换句式是：最高级转为比较级，即“...than any other..."结构。4．提建议的常用句式： (1) 用“Shall we／I... ”句型。其意思是“…...好吗 ”主要用于提出某种建议或征求对方意见，多用于第一人称。常用Good idea回答。(2) 用"Let ’s+动词原形”句型。在表示“建议”时包括对方在内，意为‘‘咱们......吧!”有时还可以在句尾加上"Shall we ”通常用OK回答。(3) 用“Why not+动词原形”句型。意为“为什么不...... "它常用All right回答。(4) 用“had better+动词原形”句型。其意是“最好......”，表建议或劝告。(5) 用“How／What about + doing／名词”句型。5．一般过去时是非常重要的一个时态，在书面表达中，使用很广。一般过去时的运用要掌握其构成和常用时间状语。它的构成可分为两种情况：1)主语+谓语be(was／were)+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为：主语+was not／were not+其他。Was／Were+主语+其他 2)主语+行为动词／连系动词的过去式+其他。其否定和疑问的构成分别为：主语+did not(didn’t)+谓语动词的原形+其他，Did+主语+谓语动词的原形+其他 此处关键是谓语动词要用原形。 动词变过去式，有规则动词和不规则动词之分，需要区分牢记。 常见的过去时间状语有：yesterday，last+时间名词，时间段+ago等。6．关于be going to与will。 这两者都表示将来，be going to常用来表示打算，计划、决定要做的事情或根据某些现象或征兆预测即将发生的事。在表示意图或即将发生某事时可与will互用，但下列情况常用will或shall而不用be going to。1)表带意愿色彩的将采。2)问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令。3)表示建议或征求意见。7．反意疑问句。反意疑问句是在陈述句后面加上一个简短的附加问句。其用法如下：1)若前面的陈述句是肯定式，后面的附加问句用否定形式，反之，要用肯定式。简言之，前肯，后否：前否，后肯；前名(词)后代(相应代词)；前代后代，时态一致。若陈述部分为there be句型，其后部分要用there。2)当反意疑问句的陈述部分含有few，little no, never，hardly等词时，附加部分要用肯定式。 3)对于反意疑问句的回答，要根据实际情况回答，若事实是肯定的，要用yes，事实是否定的，要用no，在译成汉语时要注意。如：There is no water on the moon，is there 月亮上没有水，是吗 No，there isn’t．是的，没有。(注：月亮上没有水是事实，故不能回答为Yes，there is．)4)祈使句的反意疑问句除Let’s...，shall we 外，其余的附加问句均为will、you。 8. 感叹句, 感叹句根据感叹部分可分为两种类型：1)How+形容词+主语+be!或How+副词+主语+动词! 2)What a／an+形容词+可数名词单数+主+谓!或What+ 形容词+复数名词(或不可数名词)+主+谓! 9．交际用语项目1) Could I speak to...，please 是打电话常用语，若接电话的是所找之人时，用This is．．．speaking或to．．speaking或Speaking。若接电话不是本人时，可以说Sorry，he／she is out。或Hold on a moment，please。／One moment，please。2) Is that... 或Is that...speaking 是在电话上询问对方是谁。3) Would you like to... 是邀请别人。同意即以I d like to回答。若不能应允，则可以用I d like to，but．．．婉拒。4)在表示对别人答谢时，常用如下的答谢语： ①That’s all right．②That’s OK．③It’s a pleasure．④With pleasure。⑤It’s my pleasure．⑥Not at all．⑦You re Welcome四．典型例题【例1】There is going to ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.A. be B. have C. open D. hold分析 此题考查学生句子中的词语搭配。“举行运动会”为hold a sports meeting, 但句中有“there”一词，决定要用there be句型，表示“某时有……”，虽然have也有“有”的含义，但它是“（某人/某物）有”故本题答案为A。【例2】Of all the shoes in your shop, is this pair ______ one A. very good B. much better C. a cheaper D. the cheapest分析 此题考查学生形容词比较等级的用法。因为句中有“Of all the shoes”这个表示最高级的范围的短语，所以答案应选D。【例3】选出与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。1) — Shall we meet at eight —Let s make it a quarter earlier, A. ten minutes B. fifteen minutes C. half an hour D. an hour2) He’s going to London by air. A. by plane B. by ship C. by car D. by train 分析 此题考查学生对英语词汇的理解。a quarter“一刻”就是十五分钟fifteen minutes。 by air就是乘飞机by plane, 所以两题答案为B和A。 【例4】______ I open the window It s so warm here.A. Must B. Will C. Shall D. Would分析 此题考查学生对助动词、情态动词的理解。will, shall, would都有征求对方意见之意，语气都很委婉、客气，但它们接的人称代词不同。will, would常接第二人称you, shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。【例5】He doesn’t know _____ English because he has studied it for only ______ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little 分析 此题考查学生对little/ a little, few / a few的理解。a little/ little修饰不可数名词，a few/ few修饰可数名词。而a little, a few表示“有点，少数几个”，在句中有肯定含义；little/ few表示“少数”，“几乎没有”在句中有否定含义。此题中English是不可数名词，weeks是可数名词，所以答案为A。【例6】改写句子。We have a class meeting once a week._______ _______ do you have a class meeting 分析 此题考查学生对疑问词的正确理解和运用。once a week“一周一次”，表示动作的频率次数，而how often正是针对动作的频率、次数提问的疑问词，故该两空格填How often。【例7】Peter collected some old coins two years ago. (改为否定句)Peter ______ collect ______ old coins two years ago.分析 此题考查学生对一般过去时句型的转换。一般过去时的句子在改一般疑问句和否定句时要借助动词did，而且句中的some在否定句中要改为any，所以两空应填出didn’t, any。【例8】Eating more vegetables will keep you ______ .A. health B. fat C. weak D. healthy分析 此题考查学生对语句的理解及keep一词的用法。“多吃青菜”不会使人“胖”或“体弱”，故B、C两答案不能填。而keep是“使……处于某种状态”。keep sth. +形容词。A答案health是名词，不能选，所以只有healthy (形容词、健康的)才行。【例 9】We do eye exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)______ you ______ eye exercises every day 分析 此题考查学生do作实义动词、助动词的用法。句中do eye exercises 中的do是实义动词“做”之意。将此句改为一般疑问句要借助助动词do，而实义动词do也不能少，所以两格应填Do, do。【例 10】Bruce, Look at your dirty shoes. You d better ______ them right now. A. washed B. washing C. wash D. to wash 分析 此题考查学生对You’d better习惯用语中的用法。You’d better意思是“你最好……”后面接动词原形。故此题答案选C。【例11】(广州市，2003)Now the air in our hometown is than it was before。Something must be done． A. much better B．more worse C．more better D。much worse思路分析 此题考查形容词比较级的用法，由more不能修饰比较级可以排除B、C，由"Something must be done"(必须采取措施)知，情况不好，故选D。解后反思 能修饰比较级的常见词有：much，a little，a bit，even，still，any等。【例12】(南宁市，2003)Do you think an American film tomorrow A．is there B．there s going to be C．will there be D. there s going to have思路分析 此题考查there be句型的用法及宾语从句的语序。故A、C可以排除。而there be句型的将来时结构应是there will be或there is(are) going to be...所以本题正确答案为B。解后反思 在there be句型中不能出现have的各种形式。【例13】(上海市，2003)— is it from our school to Lupu Bridge ——About half an hour s bus ride。 Shall we go and visit it A. How long B．How often C How far D. How much思路分析 本题考查疑问词的用法。how long指时间长短，如two days；how often问频率，如three times a day；how much问(不可数)多少；而how far问距离，而本题half an hour’s bus ride指的是距离，故选C。【例14】(桂林市，2003)Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ——March，25th A. in B. on C. at D. of思路分析 此题考查介词与时间搭配的用法。in不与具体日期连用，但它：可以与时间段、季节、年连用；at与时间点连用，of不与时间连用，而on与具体日期连用，故选B解后反思 on与时间的连用，有如下几种情况：1)on月+日／on+日期2)on+星期／on星期+morning／afternoon／evening 3)On a+修饰词+morning／afternoon／evening／day 4)on the morning／afternoon／evening of月、日。【例15】(桂林市，2003) he at this school last term ——Yes，I think so，A. Did，study B。Does，study C. Was，study D. Did，studied思路分析 此题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句的用法。由last term知B可以排除，而study是行为动词，其疑问句要借助助动词did且助动词后的谓语动词要用动词原形，故选A。【例16】(昆明市，2003)He has never visited the Great Hall of the People， A．hasn’t he B。has he C．does he D．doesn’t he思路分析 此题考查反意疑问句，由前后时态要一致的原则，选项D、C可排除，又never意为“从不’’，故选B。 解后反思 弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。
五．强化训练及答案（Book II Units 1-14）
I．词汇A）根据句意或汉语提示完成句子。
１._____is the second month of a year.
2. Her father work in a ______ . (医院)
3. Do you ______ his telephone number (记得)
4. The twins sit in the _______ row.（前面的）.
5. There are sixty _______ in an hour.
B)用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。
6. The students ran out of the classroom ______. (quick)
7. December is the _______ month of a year.(twelve)
8. Are you good at _______basketball (play)
9. They all go to school on_____.(foot)
10. The farmers are busy _______ on the farm.(work)
C)根据划线部分的意思，选出与其意思相同或相近的选项。
11. She is the student called Mary.
A. with a name B. with the name C. has the name D. with name
12. This sweater looks nice. I want to take it.
A. sell B. borrow C. use D. buy
13. They’d like to stay here for a few days.
A. a little B. many C. some D. a lot of
14. What’s wrong with your TV set.
A. the matter B. trouble C. worst D. the bad thing
15. Long long ago, there lived a poor old man in the village.
A. had B. took C. stood D. was
II．单项选择
16. Does your sister enjoy______ the music
A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listen to
17. Reading _____ the sun is bad ____ eyes.
A. under, to B. under, for C. in, to D. in, for
18. Please give me_____.
A. two piece of red paper. B. two piece of red papers
C. two pieces of red paper D. two piece of red papers
19. There’s ___ tea in the cup, is there
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
20. Why not_____ outside the zoo
A .meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
21. Mr. Johnson _____ Tokyo yesterday morning.
A. get B. arrived C. reached D. reached in
22. Do you know the way _____ the post office
A. of B. to C. for D. with
23. She ____ a new watch.
A. needs to buy B. needs buying C. need buying D. need to buy
24. —Don’t they come by bike —_____.
A. Yes, they don’t B. No, they do C. Yes, they are. D. No, they don’t.
25.______ delicious food they are!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
26. Chongqing is bigger than ____ in China.
A. all the cities B. any cities C. any other city D. any city
27. Her brother is _____ than she.
A. more stronger B. much stronger C. much strong D. very stronger
28. She’s coming back ____ two day.
A. after B. in C. later D. behind
29. —When did you come to Linfen — ______.
A. For two weeks. B. In two weeks.
C. Two weeks later. D. Two weeks ago.
30. ______ are you going to the zoo, by bike or by bus
A. How B. Why C. What D. Which way
III．补全对话
选择正确的答案补全对话
A: Excuse me, sir.
B: Yes ___31____
A: ___32___ me the way to the railway station
B: Well, go down to the end of this street and then turn left. ___33___
A: Is it far from here
B: I think so.
A: Can I take a bus
B: Yes, ___34___
A: Oh, yes. Thanks a lot.
B: ___35___
31. A. What do you want to do B. Let me help you.
C. What can I do for you D. What can you do for me
32. A. Can you call B. Can you say C. Do you help D. Can you tell
33. A. The railway station is new. B. The railway station is on you right.
C. The railway station is far. D. The railway station is beautiful.
34. A. there’s a bus stop over there.
B. there’s a policeman over there.
C. there’re many people over there.
D. there’s a railway station over there.
35. A. All right. B. Fine, thank you. C. That’s all. D. You’re welcome.
IV．句型转换，每空一词。
A）完成句子，使上下两句意思一致。
36. She went home on foot yesterday.
She _______ ______ yesterday.
37. I like the busy life.
I like to _______ ______.
38. What is your favourite sport
________ _____ is your favourite
39. She often helps me with English.
She often helps me _____ ____ English.
40. There was no rain last week.
It ______ _____ last week.
B）按要求进行句式转换。
41. She had some bread this morning. (一般疑问句)
Did she_____ _____ bread this morning
42. He put the eggs in the basket. （对划线部分提问）
______ _____ he put the eggs
43. Her sister is a careful girl. （改为感叹句）
______ ______ her sister is!
44. Is that a photo or a knife （变为复数形式）
Are those ____ or ______
45. He writes a letter to his parents every month. （改为现在进行时）
He ______ ______ a letter to his parents now.
V．完成下列句子，每空一词。
46. 我刚做完作业。
I ______ _______ my homework just now.
47. 做眼保健操对眼睛有益。
______ eye _____ is good for eyes.
48. 这个筐比那个筐重得多。
This basket is _______ _______ than that one.
49. 昨天晚上你没看电视吗？
_______ you _________TV last night
50. 我想你吃得太多了。
I think you are eating_______ ______.
VI．完形填空。
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从51-60各题后A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Small cars may take the place of (代替)big cars in the future (将来).There is 51 for only two people in such a car. If everyone __52_ such a car, there will be less pollution（污染）_53__ the air. There will also be more space for 54 cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded (拥挤).The little cars will cost_ 55_ less. Driving will be _56_, too, as those little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour .If big cars are still used along with the small _57 , two kinds of roads will be _58 in the future. Some roads will be used _59 the big , fast cars, and _60 roads will be needed for the slower, smaller ones.
51. A. seat B. place C. a room D. space
52. A. pulls B. rides C. drives D. pushes
53. A. at B. in C. for D. on
54. A. park B. parking C. stop D. stopping
55. A. much B. many C. more D. lots of
56. A. dangerous B. safe C. safer D. worse
57. A. one B. ones C. seat D. seats
58. A. nees B. needs C. needing D. needed
59. A. for B. by C. in D.as
60. A. another B. others C. other D. the other
Ⅶ.阅读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )理解（10%）
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
Women’s fashions (时装)change more quickly than men’s .In the early 1990’s, all women wore their skirts down to the ankle (脚踝).Today, some skirts are even longer than before, but some are very short .Women’s shoes have also gone through all sorts of changes in the last ninety –five years .For example, boots (靴)for women were very common at the beginning of the century .Then for years, they were not thought fashionable.Today, they’re back again in all colours, lengths (长度)and materials (材料). In fact, today’s women can wear all kinds of clothes on almost any occasion (场合). While all of these changes were taking place in women’s fashions, men’s clothing remained (保持)almost the same as it was a few years ago. And, in fact, most men are still dressed in the kinds of they used to wear.
61. Today women like to wear _____skirts.
A. long B. short C. neither long nor short D. both long and short
62. Boots are thought _____now.
A. uncommon B. fashionable
C. fit for (适合) girls D. unfashionable
63. When today’s women attend (出席) the party, they wear_______.
A. any kinds of clothes they like B. long skirts and short boots
C. red long boots D. skirts down to the ankle
64. Men’s fashions _______.
A. change as women’s fashions do B. have also changed
C. are changing fast these years D. remain unchanged
65. The passage tried to tell us _____.
A. women’s shoes are back again in all colours, lengths, etc
B. today women are dressed in the kinds of clothes they used to wear
C. women’s fashions for clothes, shoes and so on always change
D. boots for women have been thought fashionable since 1900
强化训练答案：
I. 1. February 2. hospital 3. remember 4. front 5. minutes 6. quickly 7. twelfth 8. playing 9. foot 10. working 11—15 B D C A D
II. 16—20 C D C D A 21—25 C B A D D 26—30 C B B D A
III. 31—35 C D B AD
IV. 36. walked home 37. keep/ be busy 38. What sport 39. to learn 40. didn’t rain 41. have any 42. Where did 43. How careful 44. photos, knives 45. is writing
V. 46. finished doing 47. Doing, exercises 48. much heavier 49. Didn’t, watch 50. too much
VI. 51—55 D C B B A 56—60 C B D A D
VII. 61—65 D B A D C