(共34张PPT)
人教新目标版
八年级下
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c
现在完成时1公开课
Unit8
Have
you
read
Treasure
Island
yet?
A
short
video
to
understand
the
present
perfect.
Warming-up
Have
you
read
Little
Women
yet?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Has
Tina
read
Treasure
Island
yet?
Yes,
she
has.
She
thinks
it’s
fantastic.
Have
you
decided
which
book
to
write
about
yet?
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
already
finished
reading
it.
It
was
really
good.
Find
the
present
perfect
tense.
Grammar
Focus
你已经读过《小妇人》了吗?
是的，我读过。不，我没读过。
蒂娜已经读过《金银岛》了吗?
是的，她读过。她认为它是极
好的。
你已经决定选择写哪本书
了吗?
是的，我已经读完它了，
它真好。
Have
you
read
Little
Women
yet?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Has
Tina
read
Treasure
Island
yet?
Yes,
she
has.
She
thinks
it’s
fantastic.
Have
you
decided
which
book
to
write
about
yet?
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
already
finished
reading
it.
It
was
really
good.
How
is
the
present
perfect
tense
formed?
have/has
+
过去分词
Have
you
read
Little
Women
yet?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Has
Tina
read
Treasure
Island
yet?
Yes,
she
has.
She
thinks
it’s
fantastic.
Have
you
decided
which
book
to
write
about
yet?
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
already
finished
reading
it.
It
was
really
good.
What
adverbs
are
often
used
with
the
present
perfect?
Already
and
yet.
Have
you
read
Little
Women
yet?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Has
Tina
read
Treasure
Island
yet?
Yes,
she
has.
She
thinks
it’s
fantastic.
Have
you
decided
which
book
to
write
about
yet?
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
already
finished
reading
it.
It
was
really
good.
含现在完成时的句子如何构成一般疑问句？
将助动词have/has放在主语之前。
现在完成时态（1）
一、现在完成时的基本结构
现在完成时由“助动词
have/has
+
过去分词”构成，其基本句式结构为：
①
肯定句：主语
+
have/has
+
过去分词
+
其他.
I
have
seen
this
film.
②
否定句：主语
+
have/has
not
+
过去分词
+
其他.
I
have
not
seen
this
film.
③
一般疑问句：Have/Has
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他?
肯定回答：Yes,
主语
+
have/has.
否定回答：No,
主语
+
haven’t/hasn’t.
—
Have
you
seen
the
film?
—Yes,
I
have.
/
No,
I
haven’t.
和主语一致
have
not
=
haven’t;
has
not
=
hasn’t
have/has
常可缩略为
-’ve/-’s
二、过去分词的构成
1.
规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词）
-ed
的读音规则：
①
在元音或浊辅音后读
[d]
②
在清辅音后读
[t]
③
在[t][d]后读[id]
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“
ed
”。
work---worked---worked
(2)以“
e
”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“
d
”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母
+
y
”结尾的动词，将“y”
变为
“i”，再加“
ed
”。
study---studied---studied
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先
双写该辅音字母，再加“
ed
”。
drop---dropped--dropped
2.
不规则变化（此类称作不规则动词，有很多）
原形（不定式）
过去式
过去分词
be
was/were
been
have
had
had
choose
chose
chosen
put
put
put
run
ran
run
参看课本P136-137
Irregular
Verbs（不规则动词表）
不规则动词看似很多，其实也有一些“规则”可循，比如可以分类记忆：有A→A→A型，
A→B→B型，
A→B→C型，
A→B→A型；
部分单词有类似变化：
变元音：drink→drank→drunk；变辅音：lend→lent→lent；等等。
(5)AAA格式(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
let
→let
→
let
put
→
put
→
put
read
→
read
→
read
cost
→cost
→cost????
cut
→cut
→cut???
hit
→
hit
→hit?
hurt
→hurt
→hurt?????
(6)ABB格式(过去式与过去分词同形)
feel-
felt
→
felt
keep-
kept
→
kept
sleep→
slept→
slept
bring--brought?--brought??
buy
—
bought—bought?
meet
—met—met??
build
—
built
–
built
catch
—
caught
—
caught
find
—
found
—
found
make
—
made
—
made
run
→
ran
→
run
come
→
came
→
Come
become→
became→
become
(7)ABA格式(动词原形与过去分词同形)
bear
→bore
→
born
break→
broke→
broken
grow→
grew
→
grown
begin—began—begun??
blow—blew—blown??
do/
does
–did
–
done
beat
→beat→
beaten
(9)ABC格式(动词原形、过去式、过去分词均不同形)
(8)AAB格式(动词原形与过去式同形)
drink
–
drank
–drunk
eat
–
ate-
eaten
fall
-
fell
–
fallen
give
-
gave
–given
go
–
went
–
gone
know
–
knew
–
known
write-
wrote
-
wirrten
三、现在完成时的用法
1.
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和
just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（还，仍然），ever（曾经），never（从未），before（以前），so
far（到目前为止）等连用。
—
Have
you
had
your
breakfast
yet?
—
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
just
had
it.
—
Have
you
ever
heard
this
song?
—
No.
I’ve
never
heard
it
before.
Julia
has
collected
over
100
beautiful
hair
clips
so
far.
现在完成时用法1：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；
past
I
had
breakfast.
I’m
not
hungry
now.
present
I
have
already
had
breakfast.
（早餐过去吃的，现在不饿。）
图示法表示
2.
现在完成时还可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for
+
时间段”或“since
+
时间点
/
从句”连用，这时要用延续性动词。
They
have
worked
in
this
company
for
30
years.
He
has
been
in
the
army
since
2016.
（错：He
has
joined
the
army
since
2016.）
【特别提醒】如果要对
for
或
since
短语提问，疑问词用
how
long。
—
How
long
have
you
lived
in
this
area?
—
For
at
least
10
years.
现在完成时用法2：
表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
图示法表示
past
I
moved
here
in
1990.
I
still
live
here.
present
I
have
lived
here
for
30
years.
(30年来一直生活在这里）
三、already
与
yet
在现在完成时中的用法解析
yet
常用于否定句或疑问句句末。用于表示某事尚未发生或某情形尚未出现，或用于询问某事是否已经发生。
He
hasn’t
finished
the
book
yet.
Have
you
seen
him
yet?
already
常用于肯定句中，用于强调某事已经开始出现；也可用于疑问句中，表示因某事的发生早于预料而感到吃惊。
They
have
already
known
each
other.
Have
you
eaten
all
that
food
already?
already
“已经”，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，v.-ed
之前，但也可以放在句末。
just
“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，v.-ed
之前。
yet
在现在完成时句型中常置于句末：
“已经”，常用在疑问句中,
2)
“还，仍然”，常用于否定句和疑问句
三、already;
just;
yet
在现在完成时中的用法解析
1.
He
____
not
______
(begin)
to
work
____.
2.
I
____________
(finish)
my
homework
_______.
3.
We
have
____
heard
of
her
marriage.
4.
I
__________________
(solve)
this
problem.
5.
________________
(finish)
your
homework
____?
6.
I
have
_____
finished
lunch.
yet
already
just
begun
has
have
finished
have
already
solved
yet
Have
you
finished
just
根据句意及所给提示填空。
现在完成时
一般过去时
用法1：表示到现在为止已经完成的动作。
用法1：表示过去某时发生的动作。
用法2：表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。
用法2：表示过去存在的某种状态。
用法3：表示动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。
用法3：表示过去经常性发生的动作或状态。
四、现在完成时
VS.
一般过去时
2015
started
learning
English
2021
learning
6
years
have
learned
English
I
started
learning
English
in
2015.
I
am
learning
English
these
days.
I
have
learned
English
for
6
years.
（一般过去时）
（现在进行时）
（现在完成时）
现在完成时侧重于强调这一动作对现在产生的结果、影响等。
现在完成时/一般过去时标志词不同
现在完成时
一般过去时
副词作标志词：just,
already,
yet
过去时间点：just
now,
at
that
time,
yesterday,
this
morning,
three
years
ago
since
+
时间点/(时间段+ago)/一般过去时句子
for
+
时间段
过去时间段：in
the
past,
in
+
过去的年份,
last
week,
once
upon
a
time等
表示次数的时间状语：once,
twice,
three
times,
ever,
never
特殊结构：
used
to
+
动词原形
（过去常常）
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
2.
一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，与现在无关。可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
我昨天十点回家的。现在我已经到家了。
I
went
home
at
10:00
yesterday.
I
have
got
home
now.
我已经写完作业了，我是一个小时之前写完的。
I
have
already
finished
my
homework.
I
finished
it
an
hour
ago.
3.
日常对话中通常两种时态配合使用，开始提到一件事做没做或发生过时用现在完成时，说起这件事具体情形时用一般过去时。
—
Have
you
been
to
Japan?
—
Yes,
I
have.
I
went
there
last
year.
—
Who
did
you
go
with?
—
…
现在完成时
用法：1.表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。（Unit8）
2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（Unit9）
3.表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,
一直延续到现在,
而且可能还要继续下去。（Unit10）
标志时间状语:
ever,
never,
before...
标志时间状语:
already,
yet,
just
标志时间状语:
for+时间段;
since+时间段+ago;since+时间点；
since
+一般过去时态句子；另外有so
far,
up
to
now,
recently(近来),
in
the
past
few
years
（安徽中考）—
It’s
ten
years
since
we
came
here.
—
How
time
flies!
We
_____
in
China
for
so
long.
A.
work
B.
worked
C.
will
work
D.
have
worked
（贵阳中考）Today,
all
the
erhu
masters
play
and
praise
Erquan
Yingyue.
It
_____
one
of
China’s
national
treasures.
becomes
B.
became
C.
has
become
1
2
D
C
练一练
1.
A:
Would
you
like
something
to
drink?
B:
No,
thanks.
________________________.
(just
/
drink
some
tea)
2.
A:
I
heard
you
lost
your
key.
_______________________?
(find)
B：No,
not
yet.
Use
the
words
in
brackets
to
complete
the
conversations.
4a
Tip:
Find
the
key
words
to
identify
which
tense
to
use.
I’ve
just
drunk
some
tea
Have
you
found
it
yet
drink-drank-drunk
find-found-found
3.
A:
Do
you
know
when
Tom
is
leaving?
B:
________________________________.
(already
/
leave)
A:
When
_____________________?
(leave)
B:
This
morning.
4.
A:
Is
your
sister
going
to
the
movies
with
us
tonight?
B:
No.
___________________________.
(already
/
see
the
film)
5.
A:
What
do
your
parents
think
about
our
plan?
B:
I
_____________________________.
(not
/
tell
them
/
yet)
He
has
already
left
did
he
leave
She
has
already
seen
the
film
have
not/haven’t
told
them
yet
leave-left-left
see-saw-seen
tell-told-told
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
words
in
brackets.
4b
Sally
______(love)
reading.
In
the
morning,
she
reads
the
newspaper
and
in
the
evening
she
reads
books.
She
______
already
_______(read)
more
than
100
different
books!
Her
favorite
kind
of
books
is
science
fiction.
She
is
interested
in
science
and
technology
and
loves
to
imagine
what
the
world
_________(be)
like
in
50
years.
fiction
n.
小说
science
fiction
科幻小说（或影片等）
n.
科技；工艺
loves
has
read
will
be
Tip:
Find
the
key
words
to
identify
which
tense
to
use.
She
________
(finish)
reading
a
book
about
robots
last
week
and
_________
(write)
a
book
report
about
it
next
week
for
her
French
class.
Every
time
she
is
in
the
library,
Sally
looks
at
the
many
books
she
____________(not
read)
yet
and
she
can’t
wait
to
read
them!
finished
will
write
hasn’t
read
n.
法语
can’t
wait
to
do
sth.迫不及待做某事
You
Your
friend
comments
Books
I
have
already
read
Movies
I
have
already
seen
Songs
I
have
already
heard
Complete
the
chart
with
information
about
you
and
a
friend.
4c
A:
What
books
have
you
already
read?
B:
I’ve
already
read
Tom
Sawyer
and
Harry
Potter.
A:
What
do
you
think
of
them?
B:
Well,
I
think
Harry
Potter
was
exciting,
but
Tom
Sawyer
was
a
bit
boring.
1.
First
fill
in
the
first
column
according
to
actual
situation.
2.
Then
work
in
pairs
asking
and
answering
to
fill
the
second
and
the
third
columns.
3.
Now
write
a
short
paragraph
using
the
information
in
the
table
and
report
to
class.
Example:
I’ve
already
read
the
book
____.
I
think
it’s
____.
My
friend
____
has
read
a
book
called
____.
He/She
thinks
it’s
____
and
he/she
…
Instructions
on
4c:
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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Unit
8
Have
you
read
Treasure
Island
yet？
SectionA
Grammar
focus-4c
导学案
【学习目标】
1.掌握现在完成时的句式结构及基本用法；
2.掌握already和yet在现在完成时句子中的使用；
3.能在句子中正确使现在完成时与一般过去时。
【教学重难点】
1、掌握现在完成时的句式结构及基本用法。2、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
【自主预习】
一、请参考课本P116以及下面的表格，列举出符合以下几种变化形式的不规则动词有哪些(可写到笔记本上）：
Irregular[（不规则）
A-A-A
read-read-read
......
A-B-B
think-thought-thought
......
A-B-C
Choose-chose-chosen......
A-B-A
run-ran-run
......
翻译句子
—你读了《小妇人》了吗？
—是的，我读了。/
不，还没有。
—蒂娜读了《金银岛》了吗？
—是的，她读了。她认为这本书太棒了。
—你决定写哪本书了吗？
—是的，决定了。我已经看完了。书真的很好。
【合作探究】
1.大声齐读Grammar
Focus,
圈出句中的现在完成时结构。
2.语法探究
现在完成时（I）
用法：表示____
（现在/过去）发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
构成：助动词
+
动词过去分词
探究一：观察以下句子总结出现在完成时的句式结构以及动词过去分词变化规则
①
I
have
found
my
pen.
②We
haven’t
watched
TV.
③Has
Tom
read
the
book?
Yes,
he
has./No,
he
hasn’t.
④What
have
you
done?
由例①可看出，肯定句：主语+
_______
+
_________
+
其它
例②可知，否定句：主语+
__________
+
_________
+其它
例③可知，一般疑问句及答语：_______
+主语+
________+
其它。其中,
肯定回答：Yes,
主语+_________
否定回答：
No,
主语+
_______
例④可知，特殊疑问句：
_________
+_________
+________
+其他？
注意：1)
have
not
常缩写为：________;
has
not
常缩写为：________
2）have
/
has
可与主语缩写在一起：I
have
=
_______
He
has=_______
即学活用：
(
)We
___
____everything
ready.
A.
got;
B.
have
got
C.
get
D.
are
getting
(
)---
Has
your
sister
finished
reading?
---
________.
A.Yes,
she
does
B.
Yes,
she
hasn’t.
C.
No,
she
hasn’t
D.
No,
she
doesn’t
动词过去分词的变化规则
1）规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同
2）不规则动词的过去分词的构成须特殊记忆，参照课本P136的表格以及下表，总结下列几种不规则变化相对应的分别还有哪些单词。
探究二：观察以下句子并总结出already
和yet在现在完成时句子中的使用
①I
have
already
seen
this
film.
我已经看过这部电影了。
②I
haven’t
seen
this
film
yet.
我还没看过这部电影。
③Have
you
ever
seen
this
film
yet?
你已经看过这部电影了吗？
【归纳】：
1）already译为：_________，与现在完成时连用，一般用于______
(肯定/否定/疑问)
句。
2）yet
译为：
，与现在完成时连用，一般用于_
(肯定/否定/疑问)
句。
即学活用：完成课本P60
4a练习。
探究三：对比现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
观察下列句子，完成表格。
I
have
eaten
my
breakfast.
So
I
am
full
now.
已经吃完。（现在不饿）
②I
ate
my
breakfast
at
7:00am.
吃过早饭
（陈述事实）
③
He
has
already
left
for
school.
④
He
left
for
school
10
minutes
ago.
【归纳】
不同点
现在完成时
一般过去时
句子功能（观察例①②）
表示过去发生的某一动作对_____（现在/过去）造成的影响或结果
只表示_____（现在/过去）的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系
句中时间状语（观察例③④）
________,
____,
just,
ever,
never，for,
since（自从）等
_________，
_________,
...
ago,
in
1990等
即学活用：完成课本P60
4b&4c练习。
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