Unit 3 The art of painting 词汇讲解及词汇过关练习 （无答案）

新牛津高中英语词汇过关练习十五
识记
portrait n. 肖像，半身画像，详细的描述，描绘 adj.?(文件页面)竖式的，纵向打印格式的
He is a portrait painter.
The portrait of her mother was her most prized possession.
The article gives a detailed portrait of a great soldier.
portrait, drawing, painting, photo, picture 这组词的共同意思是“画”。其区别是：
drawing指“素描”或“工程图纸”。例如:
This is a drawing in pencil.这是一幅铅笔素描。
We produced a working drawing.我们绘制了一幅施工图。
painting多指油画。例如:
There are many paintings in the room.这间屋子里有很多油画。
在表示水彩画时,用drawing或painting均可。例如:
This is a water-colour drawing/painting.这是一幅水彩画。
photo指“照片”。例如:
I have some photos taken in my hometown.我有一些在家乡拍的照片。
picture指各种“画，照片或影片”。例如:
He has collected some famous pictures.他收集了一些名画。
May I take your picture? 我可以为你拍张照片吗?
Let's go and see a good picture.我们去看一部好电影吧。
portrait指“(人物)肖像”。例如:
This portrait looks real.这幅肖像简直像真的。
drawing，illustration，cartoon，diagram，picture，sketch，painting，portrait这些名词也表示“画，图”之意。比较：
drawing指用线条或色彩绘成的图画、简笔画。
illustration指插入书页之间帮助说明的插图或图解。
cartoon指幽默或讽刺性漫画，也指动画片。
diagram多指科技书籍或文献中具有概括解说作用的图表、图样或略图。
picture指广义的“图画”，多用来指图片、相片、画像。
sketch通常指画出物体主要特征的图、草案、略图、素描。
painting指着色的画、油画。
portrait指肖像，只用于指人，也有“描写、写照”的意思。
landscape n.乡村风景画，风景，景色，山水 vt.对......作景观美化，美化adj.?横向打印的
Malone looked out at the grey-green featureless?landscape.
Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan?landscape.
He talked about the loveliness of the?landscape.
The landscape unfolded before us.
I prefer landscape to still life.
Select the landscape option when printing the file.
The area around the school has also been landscaped.
wander vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步，走失，走神，蜿蜒曲折，徘徊，流浪
wander round in circles 兜圈子
His mind began to?wander.
I had been careless and let him?wander?off on his own.
I like to wander in the park after dinner.
The travelers are wandering the forests and fields.
I went to the park and had a wander around.
gallery n.展览馆，画廊，长廊，走廊，楼上旁听席，艺术陈列馆，顶层楼座，了望台
Her work is hung in the Tate?Gallery.
The Art?Gallery?of Ontario has the world's largest collection of sculptures by Henry Moore.
She is a frequent visitor to the gallery.
Our seats are in the gallery tonight.
He had been stamping impatiently about the gallery.
decade n. 十年，十年期
The 1950s were the?decade?of Hong Kong's industrial takeoff.
Teaching methods change every?decade.
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
Several decades have passed since I graduated from the college.
mostly adv. 一般地，主要地，通常地
Back then, women on TV were?mostly?seen as eye candy.(那个时候，电视里的女人大多被看做是花瓶。)
The teachers are?mostly?quite nice.
The pyramids were?mostly?built by slave labour.
She had an exciting career,?mostly?in the town of Changjiang.
He works mostly in London office.
He reads the occasional book, but mostly just magazines.
Recycled materials are mostly of limited use.
pond n. 池塘，水池 vi.形成池塘 vt.拦截,堵塞，堵河成湖
big frog in a small pond 鹤立鸡群
We've got a?pond?in our garden.
The children were helping me clear weeds from the?pond.
There are some reeds in the pond.
The deer lowered its head to drink from the pond.
The farm has a pond from which the cattle can drink.
Lotus flowers are in full bloom in the pond in summer.
She threw a stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread.
canvas n. 画布，油画，帆布 adj.帆布制的
She was embroidering the design onto?canvas.
The tent is made from a lightweight?canvas.
Does?canvas?dye well?
The artist showed me his canvases.
He bought the canvas for ten thousand dollars.
The hole was covered with canvas.
neighbourhood n. 街区，城区，街坊，小区，邻近的地方，邻居之情谊
neighbourhood improvement schemes? 社区改善计划
Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre? 街坊工友服务处
in?the?neighbourhood?of 大约
She'd just moved into the?neighbourhood.
The whole neighbourhood was reduced to ashes.
It contributes to physical and mental health, family harmony, neighbourhood relations, learning and career progress, social harmony and stability.
There is no neighbourhood which is really safe.
Houses?in the?neighbourhood?of?Paris?are extremely?expensive.
It?cost?in?the?neighbourhood?of $500.?
strike vt. & vi.突然想到，撞，碰，打，突击，罢工，划火柴，迷住 n. 击，打，罢工，袭击
on strike 在罢工
Prisoners on hunger-strike?were force-fed.(绝食的犯人被强迫进食。)
Telephone operators joined the?strike.
The?strike?has reached its nineteenth day.
The strike has delivered a heavy blow to the management.
Be careful not to strike your head against the wall.
The girl struck a match to light a cigarette.
That nobleman was struck by the girl’s beauty.
John struck Bob on the head.
setting n.环境，背景，情节背景，调节点，安置，一套餐具，动词set的现在分词
current setting 当前设置
setting pattern 安装模式
setting sun 落日
What they're doing is?setting?up distributional networks.
Our story has its setting in ancient Rome.
The setting sun glorified the scene.
With the setting of the sun, night comes silently.
like-minded adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的
ike-minded people?趣味相投的人 ; 志同道合的人
I have complained to my MP, and urge all, like-minded people to do the same.
The Internet allows?like-minded?scientists to find each other.
I?appeal to?all?like-minded?people?to?support me.
They?wanted to?connect?with?a?community?of?like-minded?people.(他们想和一群志同道合的人建立联系。)
Brainstorm?with?a?group of?like-minded?writers.
That's?the?best?way?to?find?like-minded?people just?like?you.
liberation n. 解放，摆脱，释放，解放运动
wars of national?liberation 民族解放战争
He had been present at the?liberation?of Nazi death camps in Europe.
We came off relief grain shortly after liberation.
Only after liberation is he able to go to school.
The national liberation movement was gathering.
opposed adj. 强烈反对的，截然不同的 vt. 反对（oppose的过去式、过去分词）
as opposed to 而，而不是，相对于，完全不同, 截然相反
They were?opposed?to negotiations.
She is strongly?opposed?to smoking.
They were?opposed?to change through violence.
Night is?opposed?to day.
This is a tendency towards liberalism, which must also be resolutely?opposed.
I?opposed?her?marriage?to?Tom.
They think that the power is in what is done?as?opposed?to?who is doing it.
I am here on business?as?opposed?to?a holiday.
dominate vt. & vi. 支配，控制，占有优势，俯视，在......中具有最重要或明显的特色，凌驾
The big companies?dominate?the lower price points.
He denied that his country wants to?dominate?Europe.
He desires to dominate over others.
They had the ambition to dominate this small country.
The strong usually dominate the weak .
Sports, though important, should not dominate our schools.
The two new buildings dominate the whole town.
employ vt. 运用，使用，雇佣
It is company policy not to?employ?smokers.
Her husband was forced to?employ?a carer to look after his son Daniel.
You must employ someone to oversee the project.
Different artists employ different painting techniques.
We employ different security techniques to protect the database.
brushwork n. 画家的笔触，画法，绘画，笔法，画风
I recognized Van Gogh's brushwork.
Picasso's brushwork is particularly fine.
realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的，现实的，实际的，明智的
as?realistic?as possible 力求真实
The waxworks were so?realistic!
Establish deadlines that are more?realistic.
He was realistic about difficulties.
We should encourage pupils to set realistic goals.
essence n. 本质，精髓，香精，精油
in essence 本质上
He was the?essence?of gentility.
The?essence?of sport is competition.
The?essence?of good management is caring.
For many, the?essence?of French living is to be found in the rural heartlands.
Flavor of life is always sweet, because they always taste the essence of life.
The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.
Speed is of the essence in dealing with an emergency.
Do you use coffee essence in making cakes?
vivid adj. 生动的，耀眼的，鲜明的，活泼的，光亮的，逼真的
Pat has?vivid?recollections of the trip.
The walls had been painted with?vivid?flowers, dark green trees, a silver blue lake.
He has a real gift for?vivid?description.
The sculpture is really very vivid.
Television presents a vivid world in front of us.
vision n. 远见卓识，视力，视野，想象，洞察力，想像力
tunnel vision 目光短浅
I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect.
How do you cope with the problem of poor vision?
As a prime minister, he lacked the strategic vision of, say, someone like Churchill.
We need someone with real vision to lead the party.
display vt.陈列，展出，显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览，表现，展示vi. 作炫耀行为
The cabinets?display?17th-century blue-and-white porcelain.
He had an opportunity to fully display his talents.
Department stores?display?their goods in the windows.
This correction prevents the menu?display?from changing.?
exhibition，exhibit，show，exposition，fair，display这些名词都可表示“展览”或“展览会”之意。
exhibition?? 一般指较正规的展览会。
exhibit?? 多指个人或团体陈列的展览品，规模可大可小。
show?? 指艺术品、农产品、工业品或商品等的任何形式的公开展览。
exposition?? 多指大型博览会或国际博览会。
fair?? 侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会。
display?? 指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列品。
worthy adj. 有价值的，值得的，应得的，值得尊敬的，值得注意的
worthy?members of the community 团体中的德高望重者
This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary.
The event is worthy of being remembered.
His behavior is worthy of praise.
The book is well worthy of his reputation.
There is nothing worthy of mention.
This is behavior worthy of praise.
That is worthy of note.
This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.?
This problem is worthy to be considered.
calling n. 职业，事业，使命感，呼唤，召集，动词call的现在分成
lling card? 名片
cold calling?无约电话，冷不妨电话
Listen, I can hear someone?calling.
Hi. I’m?calling?to reserve a taxi. I need a cab this Saturday morning.
You?might?try?calling?the?help desk.
Her son had a calling to become a singer.
When I graduated from Nantong Teachers’ College, I thought that teaching kids English was my true calling.
shade n. 阴凉处，阴影部分，色度，树荫，阴暗，少许vt.遮蔽，使阴暗，隐瞒，使朦胧
I need some?shade.
There are no trees or bushes to give?shade.
This artist uses shade to good effect.
The portrait shows fine effects of light and shade.
He tried to shade his house with thick trees.
The colors of the light shaded from blue into purple.
bathe vt.以光线洒满，覆盖，使沐浴在光线里，用水清洗，浸湿 vi.洗澡，游泳，戏水
In Mustique she'd?bathe?naked.
Fifty soldiers were taking an early morning?bathe?in a nearby lake.
The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to?bathe?in the polluted river.
Most of us?bathe?or shower once a day.
The doctor advised him to?bathe?in the sun's rays.
Water is essential for life – to drink,?bathe, cook, clean, grow food, fuel engines, support ecosystems.
The sun rose high in the sky, bathing the hill in its golden lights.
pixel n. (电视图像的)像素，图素，映像点
image pixels 象素
The smaller each?pixel, the greater their number and thus the higher the resolution of the picture.(单个像素越小，像素数目就越多，图片的分辨率就越高。)
A great painting can be reduced to a few million pixels.
wage vt.开始，发动，从事，进行 n.一般按周领取的工资，工资，工钱，薪水
wage drift 工资浮动
Wage?differences in the two areas are widening.
He was handing the men their brown?wage?packets.
The employer also says minimum?wage?rules don't apply to piecework.
In our family both my husband and I are wage earners.
The government is waging a campaign against sex discrimination in industry.
No country wants to wage a nuclear war.
The government has pledged itself to wage a war against poverty and disease.
campaign n. 宣传活动，运动，战役 vt. & vi.发起运动，参加活动，参加竞选
campaign for... 竞选…….
The allies are intensifying their air?campaign.
They are planning a new campaign against corruption.
The campaign to seize the city was a failure.
He announced that he would campaign for the senate.
We are campaigning against corruption in government.
architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格，建筑学，建筑，结构，构造，建筑物
chip architecture 芯片结构
Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture, and?architecture.
This church is a fine example of Norman architecture.
He obtained a diploma in architecture.
The architecture of this house is very substantial.
The Forbidden City is one of the world's greatest works of architecture.
toast n.土司，烤面包片，干杯，祝酒，祝酒词 vt.为......干杯，烤，取暖
make a toast 祝酒，致祝酒词
The coffee was untouched, the?toast?had cooled.
toast?the achievement 庆功
The waiters went around charging people's glasses ready for the?toast.
I'd like to drink a?toast?to our hostess.
We breakfasted on toast and coffee.
He spread some strawberry jam on his toast.
I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom.
They toast their feet in front of the fire.
Let's toast the friendship between two countries.
garlic n. 蒜，大蒜
green garlic?青蒜
garlic oil? 蒜油
His breath smelt of garlic.
Can you taste the garlic in this dish?
Garlic?is widely?used?in Chinese?folk?medicine.
The?flavour?of?the?garlic?overpowered the?meat.
He?doesn't?eat?raw?garlic.?
Garlic?is?very?useful?for?your?beauty.?
mushroom n. 蘑菇，菌类植物vi.很快生长，迅速蔓延 adj.洋菇的，蘑菇状的，快速生长的
There are many types of wild?mushroom.
Some mushrooms are poisonous.
I gathered many mushrooms after rain.
The mushroom cloud of the A-bomb hung over the desert again.
Let's go mushrooming.
New blocks of flats and offices have mushroomed all over the city.
arrange vt. & vi. 整理，布置，安排，筹备，计划，协定，解决
Call centre workers can?arrange?to work different shifts.
Arrange?all the vegetables except the potatoes in layers.
My wife and I want to see the places of interest in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Can you?arrange?a tour for us?
They?arrange?the transfer of patients to other hospitals by air ambulance.
The staff will be happy to help?arrange?for you to swim, sail, or water-ski.
You must arrange these books in alphabetical order.
I have arranged one of my staff to meet you at the airport.
Her parents are busy arranging for her wedding ceremony.
raw adj.未经加工的，自然状态的，生的，无经验的，为烹制的
raw material 原材料
Analyses were conducted on the?raw?data.
Exploitable?raw?materials were in short supply.
We imported raw rubber from Malaysia.
Do you want your vegetables cooked or raw?
She makes use of people she meets as raw material for her fiction.
scroll n. 长卷纸，卷轴，卷状物，漩涡状的花纹vt. 把......写在卷轴上，使成卷轴
scroll up 上滚，上卷
Use the up and down arrows to?scroll?the list.
Move around with horizontal and vertical?scroll?bars.
That scroll of Chinese painting is theirs .
At the ceremony he was presented with a scroll commemorating his achievement.
As you type, your old data will scroll up.
insight n.洞悉，了解，洞察力，领悟，眼光
His work offers an?insight?into an alien culture(异域文化).
He got his first?insight?into how inhumane employers can be.
He had the?insight?to recognize their talents.
I've got an insight into the problem.
The book is filled with remarkable insights.
crop n. 庄稼，作物，收成，产量 vt.刈，割，播种
crop circle? 麦田圈，麦田怪圈
cash crop?经济作物，现金作物，商品作物
crop production?作物生产，种植业
grain crop? 谷类作物
crop yield? 粮食产量
In the lean years,?crop?failures are common.
In the Middle Ages, years of?crop?failure were always followed by terrible disease.
Each year it produces a fine?crop?of fruit.
Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.
The U.S. government says that this year's corn crop should be about 8 percent more than last year.
Although these vegetables adapt well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
wind vi. & vt. 蜿蜒，迂回，上发条，缠绕 n. 风，缠绕，弯曲
high wind 大风
wind one’s way 蜿蜒而行
The?wind?struck with an icy, penetrative power.
Trees bowed in the?wind.
His promises are merely wind.
The river winds to the sea.
She asked me to wind the wool for her.
Did you wind your watch this morning ?
You have to wind a handle at the side of your telephone.
Give the handle another couple of winds.
butcher n. 屠夫，肉贩子 vt. 屠宰，残杀，搞砸，糟蹋
butcher's shop肉店，肉铺
He was a?butcher?of innocents.
Many western countries raise and butcher a large number of beef cattle.
The sheep were butchered for meat.?
go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事
Despite the food poison, the students went about their studies as usual.
I know I must go about my business now.
apparent adj. 显而易见的，明白易懂的，显然的
The injurious effects of the flood are everywhere?apparent.
The cause of the accident was not immediately?apparent.
The reason for the worry became?apparent?almost at once.
It was apparent to all that he was guilty.
She had many good qualities despite her apparent rudeness.
If she had inner doubts, it was not apparent to anyone else.
ink n.墨水，墨汁，油墨 vt. 使用墨水写，涂墨水
I looked at the pen and?ink?drawing.
The printer has a monitor which displays the?ink?levels.
His hands were covered with?ink?from the newspaper.
There's an ink stain on your shirt.
He has run out of red ink.
These ink stains won't wash out.
perspective n. 透视法，态度，观点，客观判断力，景观 ，远景，想法 adj.透视的
perspective view 透视图
The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural?perspective?to its curriculum.
The discipline of social policy itself takes on a more internationalist?perspective.
It was impossible for me to identify with his religious?perspective.
Do you agree with this perspective?
A fine perspective opened out before us.
The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of perspective.
precise adj.细致的，精细的，准确的，精确的，恰好的
precise definition 精确定义
Its?precise?chemical properties are unknown.
I wonder what they're doing at this?precise?moment.
The text is?precise?and informative.
The?precise?details of the origins of life remain hidden.
With the new technique, measurement was claimed to be much more precise.
Precise employees are highly appreciated in our company.
ambitious adj.有雄心的，有野心的，宏大的，艰巨的，有志气的，抱负不凡的，胸怀大志的
She is tough and?ambitious.
In the later stages of his directorial career, Orson Welles began work on several?ambitious?films.
Mr. Lin is an ambitious businessman.
I ought to do something a bit more ambitious.
The ambitious boy learned very quickly.
Only ambitious students get the best marks.
enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的
It's?enormous! Well, quite big anyway.
He had?enormous?vitality.
He operated an?enormous?pear orchard.
Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth.
The sight of such an enormous crowd astonished us.
comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的，综合性的，广泛的，有理解力的
The course provides a?comprehensive?view of Shakespearean literature.
The website gives a?comprehensive?list of the rules of the game.
The visitors completed a?comprehensive?victory six minutes from time.
This book should be adapted to the comprehensive ability of the freshmen.
clothing n. (总称，不可数)衣服、服装
a piece/an article of clothing 一件衣服
Clothing?manufacturers took ideas from Paris and made cheap copies.
Hire of skis, boots and?clothing, are all available.
She was deliberately mismatching articles of?clothing.
This clothing sells well to the teenage market.
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
We have to put on warm clothing in winter.
It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
temple n. 寺庙，庙宇，寺院，教堂，神殿，太阳穴
One of the columns of the?temple?had been knocked down.
There is a large mural in the temple.
The temple has been considered an example of classic design.
The ancient temple was built of wood.
structure n. 建筑物，结构，构造，精心组织 vt.构造，建造，使形成结构
There were concerns that the pricing?structure?discouraged competition.
The house was a handsome four-story brick?structure.
Can you analyze the structure of the sentence for me?
We learnt about the structure of the brain today.
You need to structure your arguments more carefully.
overall adj.全面的，综合的 adv. 全部地，一般来说，大体上，从头到尾地n.工作服，罩衫
Fantastic! I got an?overall?score of eight.
Overall, there were more losers than gainers.
Germany's Jan Ullrich finished well behind and stands eightieth?overall.
My results were quite good?overall.
Please provide your overall evaluation.
How much will it cost overall?
The shop assistant was wearing a white overall.
critic n. 批评家，评论家，批评者，挑剔者，爱挑毛病的人，吹毛求疵的人adj.批评的
He was a theatre?critic?for the Daily Mail.
He became a fierce?critic?of the tobacco industry.
He has a reputation for being a forthright critic.
Have you read the article written by that famous critic?
A critic is a man whose watch is five minutes ahead of other people's watch.
inspection n. 检查，查看，审视，视察
a routine?inspection 例行检查
He discovered, on closer?inspection, that the rocks contained gold.
Officers making a routine?inspection?of the vessel found 50 kilograms of the drug.
We aren't nearly ready for the inspection.
I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it.
He made an inspection of the school.
expose vt. 揭露，揭穿，暴露，显露，使遭受，使接触，使体验
expose ... to ... 使……接触…….，使......体验......
The Budget does?expose?the lies ministers were telling a year ago.
When you?expose?your body to the sun, a physiological reaction takes place.
She threatened to publicly?expose?his double life if he left her.
The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.
We should not expose our children to horrors.
Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
political adj.政治的，政府的，政党的，政权的，党派的，处于政治利益的，争权夺利的
political animal 政治动物
Bankrupts are barred from?political?office.
Hundreds of?political?prisoners were pardoned and released.
Their?political?opinions are extreme.
She's an important?political?figure.
The British political system has evolved over several centuries.
He was dismissed for political reasons.
Everything in our company is so political that you never know who you can trust.
soldier n. 军人，士兵，战士
He's a?soldier.
What the?soldier?was doing in Beijing is unclear.
The?soldier?gave the clenched-fist salute.
He dug both his fists into the?soldier's middle.
crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机，危急关头，危难时刻，病危期
energy crisis， 能源危机
So far, his premiership has been dominated by?crisis-management.
The government is facing another political?crisis.
They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
The Cabinet met to resolve the crisis.
She's always to the fore at moments of crisis.
decline vi. & vt.减少，下降，衰退，谢绝，晚年n. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落，使倾斜
I wish prices would decline.
The price of 14 inches TV set declined from 400 to 320 yuan each.
He spent his declining years in the country.
I must regretfully decline your kind invitation.
The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.
There is a?decline?in real wages.
?Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into?decline.
Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists.
Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
overthrow vt.推翻，打到，毁灭 n. 推翻，打到，覆没，瓦解
They were charged with plotting the?overthrow?of the state.
The big Sam absolutely has the strength to overthrow Jerry.
Indeed,the day when this gigantic net is formed will undoubtedly be the day of the complete overthrow of Japanese imperialism.
They plotted to overthrow the government.
be down to... 由......引起或造成，归功于......，归因于......，只剩下(少许钱财、货物等)
The unemployed worker was down to his last penny when at last he found a job.
His success is down to his great efforts.
scale n. 规模，范围，等级，级别，标度，比例，尺度，刻度，比例尺，鳞，(pl.)天平 vt. 测量，攀登，刮鳞，依比例决定
large scale 大规模
on a large scale?大规模地
economies of scale? 规模经济，规模效益，规模经济效益
weighing scale? 计重秤，磅秤，体重秤，电子秤
out of scale 不成比例
an earthquake measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale 一次里氏5.5级地震
Car firms are desperate to achieve economies of?scale.
How much does it read on the scale?
The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 0-12.
Please put them on this?scale.
However, he underestimates the scale of the problem.
The break-down of law and order could result in killing on a massive scale.
The map, on a scale of 1:10000, shows over 5000 individual paths.
Remove any scales from the fish skin.
The tiny church was out of scale with the new banks and offices around it.
emperor n. 皇帝，(帝国的)君主 (empress 皇后)
He refused to kowtow to the?Emperor.
The?emperor?banqueted him on the palace's roof.
Napoleon called himself Emperor of the French.
The general overthrew the last emperor of that country and established a public.
in one’s own right 凭自身的资格，凭自身的努力，凭自己的力量
She?sings with?a?rock?band,?but?she's also?a?jazz?musician?in?her?own?right.?
She's?a?rich?woman?in?her?own?right?rather?than?by?inheritance.?
Although now a celebrity in her own right, actress Lynn knows the difficulties of living in the shadow of her famous older sister.
outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的，突出的，明显的
He was an outstanding student.
Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.
Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals.
And I?know how?proud?you?are?of?this?outstanding?accomplishment.?
exhibition n. 展览，展出，展览会，陈列品，表现，显露
make an exhibition of oneself 出洋相
Did you see the Shakespeare?exhibition?
There will be an exhibition of the development of automobile industry in our country next week.
They came to see the exhibition.
The quiz was a good opportunity for the exhibition of his knowledge.
Such an exhibition of rudeness is absolutely unacceptable.
rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的，稀罕的，珍贵的，半熟的
It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.
It was in the days when motorcars were rare.
He's devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
Those rare books are shelved in the East Library.
Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept.
Would you like the steak well done or rare?
speak volumes about... 充分说明......，清楚表明......
This evidence speaks volumes about his honesty.
His body language spoke volumes about his disappointment.
He refused to comment on the report, but his angry look spoke volumes.
historic adj. 具有历史意义的，历史上著名的，有史时期的
historic city? 历史文化名城，历史名城，历史悠久的古城，历史悠久的城市
'Historic'?and?'historical' are?easily confusable.
We?should?take?more?care?of?our?historic buildings.
It?was?an?historic?day,?yet?its passing?was?not?marked?by?the?slightest?excitement.
It's?a?record?of?a?historic?event.
The most?memorable?part?of?our?trip?was?a?visit to?historic?Quebec?City.?
career n. 经历，事业，生涯，职业
Career?prospects are nearly unlimited.
Katharine has told her friends it is time to end her?career.
I have had some lows in my?career.
His early career was not a great success.
She is a career woman rather than a housewife.
Young as I am,I already know what career I want to follow.
His career took off in 1997.
house n.房子，议院，会馆，宿舍 vt.留宿，蔽护，收藏，储存，容纳vi.居住，躲藏
It was a massive, graceless?house.
The?house?was unnaturally silent.
The?house?was carpeted throughout.
The party has a working majority in the house.
Be quiet or you'll wake the whole house!
They are going to move to a new house next week.
He tried to feed and house his family.
The library houses about three million books at present.
The classroom can house sixty students.
Those caves may house snakes or some other wild animals.
sail vi. & vt.乘船航线，起航，驾驶船只，飘，掠 n. 帆，乘船航行
set sail for.. 扬帆起航去......
The yachts?sail?westerly against tides and winds.
He asked me to?sail?back to England with him.
Can you sail a boat?
Lower the sail or the boat will be knocked down.
They go for a sail down the Thames .
They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 adj.平民的，民用的
a civilian job 平民工作
Using these missiles to down?civilian?aircraft is simply immoral and totally unjustifiable.
civilian use? 民用
civilian construction? 民用建筑
He says more and more armed conflicts are taking place in?civilian?areas, not in separate battlefields.
The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed.
They?bombed?military?and?civilian?targets.?
He?left the army?and?returned?to?civilian?life.
citizen，civilian，inhabitant，resident，native这些名词均含有“居民，公民”之意。
citizen指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人，即公民。
civilian指相对于军人或官员的平民百姓。
inhabitant最普通用词，一般指常住居民。
resident多指长期居住或暂时居住的民民，有时也指旅居者。
native指土生土长的本地居民。
all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界
We shall welcome people of all walks of life to join the club.
People from all walks of life are very supportive of the government's decisions aimed at combining economic development with environmental protection.
单词和短语互译
1._______ n. 肖像，半身画像，详细的描述，描绘 adj. (文件页面)纵向打印格式的(portrait)
2._______ n.乡村风景画，风景，景色，山水 vt.对…...作景观美化，美化(landscape)
3._______ n.展览馆，画廊，长廊，楼上旁听席，艺术陈列馆，顶层楼座，了望台(gallery)
4._______ n. 池塘，水池 vi.形成池塘 vt.拦截,堵塞，堵河成湖 (pond)
5._______ n. 画布，油画，帆布 adj.帆布制的 (canvas)
6._______ vt. & vi.突然想到，撞，打，突击，罢工，划火柴，迷住 n. 击打，罢工(strike)
7._______ n. 解放，摆脱，释放，解放运动 (liberation)
8._______ vt. 运用，使用，雇佣 (employ)
9._______ n. 画家的笔触，画法，绘画，笔法，画风 (brushwork)
10.________ adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的，现实的，实际的，明智的 (realistic)
11.________ n. 本质，精髓，香精，精油 (essence)
12._______ adj. 生动的，耀眼的，鲜明的，活泼的，光亮的，逼真的 (vivid)
13._______ n. 阴凉处，阴影部分，色度，树荫，阴暗，少许 vt.遮蔽，使阴暗，使朦胧(shade)
14._______ vt.以光线洒满，覆盖，使沐浴在光线里，浸湿 vi.洗澡，游泳，戏水(bathe)
15.______ n. (电视图像的)像素，图素，映像点 (pixel)
16.______ vt.开始，发动，从事，进行 n.一般按周领取的工资，工资，工钱，薪水(wage)
17.______ n. 宣传活动，运动，战役 vt. & vi.发起运动，参加活动，参加竞选(campaign)
18.______ n. 建筑设计，建筑风格，建筑学，建筑，结构，构造，建筑物(architecture)
19.______ n.土司，烤面包片，干杯，祝酒，祝酒词 vt.为......干杯，烤，取暖 (toast)
20.______ n. 蒜，大蒜 (garlic)
21.______ n. 蘑菇，菌类植物vi.很快生长，迅速蔓延 adj.洋菇的，蘑菇状的(mushroom)
22._____ n. 长卷纸，卷轴，卷状物，漩涡状的花纹 (scroll)
23._____ n.洞悉，了解，洞察力，领悟，眼光 (insight)
24._____ n. 庄稼，作物，收成，产量 vt.刈，割，播种 (crop)
25._____ n. 屠夫，肉贩子 vt. 屠宰，残杀，搞砸，糟蹋 (butcher)
26._____ n.墨水，墨汁，油墨 vt. 使用墨水写，涂墨水 (ink)
27._____ adj.有雄心的，有野心的，宏大的，艰巨的，有志气的 (ambitious)
28._____ adj. 全面的，详尽的，综合性的，广泛的，有理解力的 (comprehensive)
29._____ n. (总称，不可数)衣服、服装 (clothing)
30._____ n. 寺庙，庙宇，寺院，教堂，神殿，太阳穴 (temple)
31._____ n. 批评家，评论家，批评者，挑剔者 (critic)
32._____ n. 检查，查看，审视，视察 (inspection)
33._____ adj.政治的，政府的，政党的，政权的，党派的 (political )
34._____ n. 军人，士兵，战士 ( soldier/fighter/serviceman)
35.____ n. 危机，危急关头，危难时刻，病危期 (crisis)
36._____ n. 皇帝，(帝国的)君主 (emperor)
37._____ adj. 优秀的，杰出的，突出的，明显的 (outstanding)
38.____ adj. 稀少的，罕见的，稀罕的，珍贵的，半熟的 (rare)
39.____ adj. 具有历史意义的，历史上著名的，有史时期的 (historic )
40._____ n. 经历，事业，生涯，职业 (career)
41.______ vi. & vt.乘船航线，起航，驾驶船只，飘，掠 n. 帆，乘船航行 (sail )
42.______ n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 adj.平民的，民用的 (civilian)
43.as opposed to_________ (而，而不是，相对于，完全不同, 截然相反)
44.go about sth_________ (忙于做某事，继续做某事)
45.be down to...______ (由......引起或造成，归功于......，归因于......，只剩下(少许钱财、货物等))
46.in one’s own right__________ (凭自身的资格，凭自身的努力，凭自己的力量)
47.speak volumes about...____________ (充分说明......，清楚表明......)
48.all walks of life___________ (各行各业，社会各界)
根据句境、首字母及汉语提示完成单词拼写
1. I went to the park and had a ______(闲逛) around. (wander)
2. Prices have risen steadily during the past ______(十年). (decade)
3. The pyramids were m______ built by slave labor. (mostly)
4. She'd just moved into the _________(街坊). (neighbourhood/ neighborhood)
5. With the s______ of the sun, night comes silently. (setting)
6. That's the best way to find _______(志同道合的) people just like you. (like-minded)
7. She is strongly o_______ to smoking. (opposed)
8. They had the ambition to d_______ this small country. (dominate)
9. I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my v______ is perfect. (vision)
10. He had an opportunity to fully d______ his talents. (display)
11. The event is ________(值得的) of being remembered. (worthy)
12. When I graduated from Nantong Teachers’ College, I thought that teaching kids English was my true c_____. (calling/career)
13.My wife and I want to see the places of interest in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Can you ______(安排) a tour for us? (arrange)
14.Do you want your vegetables cooked or _____(生的)? (raw)
15.Trees bowed in the w_____. (wind)
16.The injurious effects of the flood are everywhere a______. (apparent)
17.The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of _______(透视法). (perspective)
18.The p______ details of the origins of life remain hidden. (precise)
19.Long ago e______ animals lived on the earth. (enormous)
20.Can you analyze the s______ of the sentence for me? (structure)
21.Please provide your o_____ evaluation. (overall)
22.When you e_____ your body to the sun, a physiological reaction takes place. (expose)
23.The price of 14 inches TV set d_____ from 400 to 320 yuan each. (declined/dropped)
24.They were charged with plotting the o______ of the state. (overthrow)
25.The map, on a s_____ of 1:10000, shows over 5000 individual paths. (scale)
26.There will be an e______ of the development of automobile industry in our country next week. (exhibition)
27.The library h______ about three million books at present. (houses/has)
28.The classroom can _____(容纳) sixty students. (house/hold)
新牛津高中英语词汇过关练习十五(ss)
识记
portrait n. 肖像，半身画像，详细的描述，描绘 adj.?(文件页面)竖式的，纵向打印格式的
He is a portrait painter.
The portrait of her mother was her most prized possession.
The article gives a detailed portrait of a great soldier.
portrait, drawing, painting, photo, picture 这组词的共同意思是“画”。其区别是：
drawing指“素描”或“工程图纸”。例如:
This is a drawing in pencil.这是一幅铅笔素描。
We produced a working drawing.我们绘制了一幅施工图。
painting多指油画。例如:
There are many paintings in the room.这间屋子里有很多油画。
在表示水彩画时,用drawing或painting均可。例如:
This is a water-colour drawing/painting.这是一幅水彩画。
photo指“照片”。例如:
I have some photos taken in my hometown.我有一些在家乡拍的照片。
picture指各种“画，照片或影片”。例如:
He has collected some famous pictures.他收集了一些名画。
May I take your picture? 我可以为你拍张照片吗?
Let's go and see a good picture.我们去看一部好电影吧。
portrait指“(人物)肖像”。例如:
This portrait looks real.这幅肖像简直像真的。
drawing，illustration，cartoon，diagram，picture，sketch，painting，portrait这些名词也表示“画，图”之意。比较：
drawing指用线条或色彩绘成的图画、简笔画。
illustration指插入书页之间帮助说明的插图或图解。
cartoon指幽默或讽刺性漫画，也指动画片。
diagram多指科技书籍或文献中具有概括解说作用的图表、图样或略图。
picture指广义的“图画”，多用来指图片、相片、画像。
sketch通常指画出物体主要特征的图、草案、略图、素描。
painting指着色的画、油画。
portrait指肖像，只用于指人，也有“描写、写照”的意思。
landscape n.乡村风景画，风景，景色，山水 vt.对......作景观美化，美化adj.?横向打印的
Malone looked out at the grey-green featureless?landscape.
Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan?landscape.
He talked about the loveliness of the?landscape.
The landscape unfolded before us.
I prefer landscape to still life.
Select the landscape option when printing the file.
The area around the school has also been landscaped.
wander vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步，走失，走神，蜿蜒曲折，徘徊，流浪
wander round in circles 兜圈子
His mind began to?wander.
I had been careless and let him?wander?off on his own.
I like to wander in the park after dinner.
The travelers are wandering the forests and fields.
I went to the park and had a wander around.
gallery n.展览馆，画廊，长廊，走廊，楼上旁听席，艺术陈列馆，顶层楼座，了望台
Her work is hung in the Tate?Gallery.
The Art?Gallery?of Ontario has the world's largest collection of sculptures by Henry Moore.
She is a frequent visitor to the gallery.
Our seats are in the gallery tonight.
He had been stamping impatiently about the gallery.
decade n. 十年，十年期
The 1950s were the?decade?of Hong Kong's industrial takeoff.
Teaching methods change every?decade.
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
Several decades have passed since I graduated from the college.
mostly adv. 一般地，主要地，通常地
Back then, women on TV were?mostly?seen as eye candy.(那个时候，电视里的女人大多被看做是花瓶。)
The teachers are?mostly?quite nice.
The pyramids were?mostly?built by slave labour.
She had an exciting career,?mostly?in the town of Changjiang.
He works mostly in London office.
He reads the occasional book, but mostly just magazines.
Recycled materials are mostly of limited use.
pond n. 池塘，水池 vi.形成池塘 vt.拦截,堵塞，堵河成湖
big frog in a small pond 鹤立鸡群
We've got a?pond?in our garden.
The children were helping me clear weeds from the?pond.
There are some reeds in the pond.
The deer lowered its head to drink from the pond.
The farm has a pond from which the cattle can drink.
Lotus flowers are in full bloom in the pond in summer.
She threw a stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread.
canvas n. 画布，油画，帆布 adj.帆布制的
She was embroidering the design onto?canvas.
The tent is made from a lightweight?canvas.
Does?canvas?dye well?
The artist showed me his canvases.
He bought the canvas for ten thousand dollars.
The hole was covered with canvas.
neighbourhood n. 街区，城区，街坊，小区，邻近的地方，邻居之情谊
neighbourhood improvement schemes? 社区改善计划
Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre? 街坊工友服务处
in?the?neighbourhood?of 大约
She'd just moved into the?neighbourhood.
The whole neighbourhood was reduced to ashes.
It contributes to physical and mental health, family harmony, neighbourhood relations, learning and career progress, social harmony and stability.
There is no neighbourhood which is really safe.
Houses?in the?neighbourhood?of?Paris?are extremely?expensive.
It?cost?in?the?neighbourhood?of $500.?
strike vt. & vi.突然想到，撞，碰，打，突击，罢工，划火柴，迷住 n. 击，打，罢工，袭击
on strike 在罢工
Prisoners on hunger-strike?were force-fed.(绝食的犯人被强迫进食。)
Telephone operators joined the?strike.
The?strike?has reached its nineteenth day.
The strike has delivered a heavy blow to the management.
Be careful not to strike your head against the wall.
The girl struck a match to light a cigarette.
That nobleman was struck by the girl’s beauty.
John struck Bob on the head.
setting n.环境，背景，情节背景，调节点，安置，一套餐具，动词set的现在分词
current setting 当前设置
setting pattern 安装模式
setting sun 落日
What they're doing is?setting?up distributional networks.
Our story has its setting in ancient Rome.
The setting sun glorified the scene.
With the setting of the sun, night comes silently.
like-minded adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的
ike-minded people?趣味相投的人 ; 志同道合的人
I have complained to my MP, and urge all, like-minded people to do the same.
The Internet allows?like-minded?scientists to find each other.
I?appeal to?all?like-minded?people?to?support me.
They?wanted to?connect?with?a?community?of?like-minded?people.(他们想和一群志同道合的人建立联系。)
Brainstorm?with?a?group of?like-minded?writers.
That's?the?best?way?to?find?like-minded?people just?like?you.
liberation n. 解放，摆脱，释放，解放运动
wars of national?liberation 民族解放战争
He had been present at the?liberation?of Nazi death camps in Europe.
We came off relief grain shortly after liberation.
Only after liberation is he able to go to school.
The national liberation movement was gathering.
opposed adj. 强烈反对的，截然不同的 vt. 反对（oppose的过去式、过去分词）
as opposed to 而，而不是，相对于，完全不同, 截然相反
They were?opposed?to negotiations.
She is strongly?opposed?to smoking.
They were?opposed?to change through violence.
Night is?opposed?to day.
This is a tendency towards liberalism, which must also be resolutely?opposed.
I?opposed?her?marriage?to?Tom.
They think that the power is in what is done?as?opposed?to?who is doing it.
I am here on business?as?opposed?to?a holiday.
dominate vt. & vi. 支配，控制，占有优势，俯视，在......中具有最重要或明显的特色，凌驾
The big companies?dominate?the lower price points.
He denied that his country wants to?dominate?Europe.
He desires to dominate over others.
They had the ambition to dominate this small country.
The strong usually dominate the weak .
Sports, though important, should not dominate our schools.
The two new buildings dominate the whole town.
employ vt. 运用，使用，雇佣
It is company policy not to?employ?smokers.
Her husband was forced to?employ?a carer to look after his son Daniel.
You must employ someone to oversee the project.
Different artists employ different painting techniques.
We employ different security techniques to protect the database.
brushwork n. 画家的笔触，画法，绘画，笔法，画风
I recognized Van Gogh's brushwork.
Picasso's brushwork is particularly fine.
realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的，现实的，实际的，明智的
as?realistic?as possible 力求真实
The waxworks were so?realistic!
Establish deadlines that are more?realistic.
He was realistic about difficulties.
We should encourage pupils to set realistic goals.
essence n. 本质，精髓，香精，精油
in essence 本质上
He was the?essence?of gentility.
The?essence?of sport is competition.
The?essence?of good management is caring.
For many, the?essence?of French living is to be found in the rural heartlands.
Flavor of life is always sweet, because they always taste the essence of life.
The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.
Speed is of the essence in dealing with an emergency.
Do you use coffee essence in making cakes?
vivid adj. 生动的，耀眼的，鲜明的，活泼的，光亮的，逼真的
Pat has?vivid?recollections of the trip.
The walls had been painted with?vivid?flowers, dark green trees, a silver blue lake.
He has a real gift for?vivid?description.
The sculpture is really very vivid.
Television presents a vivid world in front of us.
vision n. 远见卓识，视力，视野，想象，洞察力，想像力
tunnel vision 目光短浅
I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect.
How do you cope with the problem of poor vision?
As a prime minister, he lacked the strategic vision of, say, someone like Churchill.
We need someone with real vision to lead the party.
display vt.陈列，展出，显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览，表现，展示vi. 作炫耀行为
The cabinets?display?17th-century blue-and-white porcelain.
He had an opportunity to fully display his talents.
Department stores?display?their goods in the windows.
This correction prevents the menu?display?from changing.?
exhibition，exhibit，show，exposition，fair，display这些名词都可表示“展览”或“展览会”之意。
exhibition?? 一般指较正规的展览会。
exhibit?? 多指个人或团体陈列的展览品，规模可大可小。
show?? 指艺术品、农产品、工业品或商品等的任何形式的公开展览。
exposition?? 多指大型博览会或国际博览会。
fair?? 侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会。
display?? 指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列品。
worthy adj. 有价值的，值得的，应得的，值得尊敬的，值得注意的
worthy?members of the community 团体中的德高望重者
This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary.
The event is worthy of being remembered.
His behavior is worthy of praise.
The book is well worthy of his reputation.
There is nothing worthy of mention.
This is behavior worthy of praise.
That is worthy of note.
This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.?
This problem is worthy to be considered.
calling n. 职业，事业，使命感，呼唤，召集，动词call的现在分成
lling card? 名片
cold calling?无约电话，冷不妨电话
Listen, I can hear someone?calling.
Hi. I’m?calling?to reserve a taxi. I need a cab this Saturday morning.
You?might?try?calling?the?help desk.
Her son had a calling to become a singer.
When I graduated from Nantong Teachers’ College, I thought that teaching kids English was my true calling.
shade n. 阴凉处，阴影部分，色度，树荫，阴暗，少许vt.遮蔽，使阴暗，隐瞒，使朦胧
I need some?shade.
There are no trees or bushes to give?shade.
This artist uses shade to good effect.
The portrait shows fine effects of light and shade.
He tried to shade his house with thick trees.
The colors of the light shaded from blue into purple.
bathe vt.以光线洒满，覆盖，使沐浴在光线里，用水清洗，浸湿 vi.洗澡，游泳，戏水
In Mustique she'd?bathe?naked.
Fifty soldiers were taking an early morning?bathe?in a nearby lake.
The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to?bathe?in the polluted river.
Most of us?bathe?or shower once a day.
The doctor advised him to?bathe?in the sun's rays.
Water is essential for life – to drink,?bathe, cook, clean, grow food, fuel engines, support ecosystems.
The sun rose high in the sky, bathing the hill in its golden lights.
pixel n. (电视图像的)像素，图素，映像点
image pixels 象素
The smaller each?pixel, the greater their number and thus the higher the resolution of the picture.(单个像素越小，像素数目就越多，图片的分辨率就越高。)
A great painting can be reduced to a few million pixels.
wage vt.开始，发动，从事，进行 n.一般按周领取的工资，工资，工钱，薪水
wage drift 工资浮动
Wage?differences in the two areas are widening.
He was handing the men their brown?wage?packets.
The employer also says minimum?wage?rules don't apply to piecework.
In our family both my husband and I are wage earners.
The government is waging a campaign against sex discrimination in industry.
No country wants to wage a nuclear war.
The government has pledged itself to wage a war against poverty and disease.
campaign n. 宣传活动，运动，战役 vt. & vi.发起运动，参加活动，参加竞选
campaign for... 竞选…….
The allies are intensifying their air?campaign.
They are planning a new campaign against corruption.
The campaign to seize the city was a failure.
He announced that he would campaign for the senate.
We are campaigning against corruption in government.
architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格，建筑学，建筑，结构，构造，建筑物
chip architecture 芯片结构
Exciting artistic breakthroughs have recently occurred in the fields of painting, sculpture, and?architecture.
This church is a fine example of Norman architecture.
He obtained a diploma in architecture.
The architecture of this house is very substantial.
The Forbidden City is one of the world's greatest works of architecture.
toast n.土司，烤面包片，干杯，祝酒，祝酒词 vt.为......干杯，烤，取暖
make a toast 祝酒，致祝酒词
The coffee was untouched, the?toast?had cooled.
toast?the achievement 庆功
The waiters went around charging people's glasses ready for the?toast.
I'd like to drink a?toast?to our hostess.
We breakfasted on toast and coffee.
He spread some strawberry jam on his toast.
I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom.
They toast their feet in front of the fire.
Let's toast the friendship between two countries.
garlic n. 蒜，大蒜
green garlic?青蒜
garlic oil? 蒜油
His breath smelt of garlic.
Can you taste the garlic in this dish?
Garlic?is widely?used?in Chinese?folk?medicine.
The?flavour?of?the?garlic?overpowered the?meat.
He?doesn't?eat?raw?garlic.?
Garlic?is?very?useful?for?your?beauty.?
mushroom n. 蘑菇，菌类植物vi.很快生长，迅速蔓延 adj.洋菇的，蘑菇状的，快速生长的
There are many types of wild?mushroom.
Some mushrooms are poisonous.
I gathered many mushrooms after rain.
The mushroom cloud of the A-bomb hung over the desert again.
Let's go mushrooming.
New blocks of flats and offices have mushroomed all over the city.
arrange vt. & vi. 整理，布置，安排，筹备，计划，协定，解决
Call centre workers can?arrange?to work different shifts.
Arrange?all the vegetables except the potatoes in layers.
My wife and I want to see the places of interest in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Can you?arrange?a tour for us?
They?arrange?the transfer of patients to other hospitals by air ambulance.
The staff will be happy to help?arrange?for you to swim, sail, or water-ski.
You must arrange these books in alphabetical order.
I have arranged one of my staff to meet you at the airport.
Her parents are busy arranging for her wedding ceremony.
raw adj.未经加工的，自然状态的，生的，无经验的，为烹制的
raw material 原材料
Analyses were conducted on the?raw?data.
Exploitable?raw?materials were in short supply.
We imported raw rubber from Malaysia.
Do you want your vegetables cooked or raw?
She makes use of people she meets as raw material for her fiction.
scroll n. 长卷纸，卷轴，卷状物，漩涡状的花纹vt. 把......写在卷轴上，使成卷轴
scroll up 上滚，上卷
Use the up and down arrows to?scroll?the list.
Move around with horizontal and vertical?scroll?bars.
That scroll of Chinese painting is theirs .
At the ceremony he was presented with a scroll commemorating his achievement.
As you type, your old data will scroll up.
insight n.洞悉，了解，洞察力，领悟，眼光
His work offers an?insight?into an alien culture(异域文化).
He got his first?insight?into how inhumane employers can be.
He had the?insight?to recognize their talents.
I've got an insight into the problem.
The book is filled with remarkable insights.
crop n. 庄稼，作物，收成，产量 vt.刈，割，播种
crop circle? 麦田圈，麦田怪圈
cash crop?经济作物，现金作物，商品作物
crop production?作物生产，种植业
grain crop? 谷类作物
crop yield? 粮食产量
In the lean years,?crop?failures are common.
In the Middle Ages, years of?crop?failure were always followed by terrible disease.
Each year it produces a fine?crop?of fruit.
Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.
The U.S. government says that this year's corn crop should be about 8 percent more than last year.
Although these vegetables adapt well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
wind vi. & vt. 蜿蜒，迂回，上发条，缠绕 n. 风，缠绕，弯曲
high wind 大风
wind one’s way 蜿蜒而行
The?wind?struck with an icy, penetrative power.
Trees bowed in the?wind.
His promises are merely wind.
The river winds to the sea.
She asked me to wind the wool for her.
Did you wind your watch this morning ?
You have to wind a handle at the side of your telephone.
Give the handle another couple of winds.
butcher n. 屠夫，肉贩子 vt. 屠宰，残杀，搞砸，糟蹋
butcher's shop肉店，肉铺
He was a?butcher?of innocents.
Many western countries raise and butcher a large number of beef cattle.
The sheep were butchered for meat.?
go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事
Despite the food poison, the students went about their studies as usual.
I know I must go about my business now.
apparent adj. 显而易见的，明白易懂的，显然的
The injurious effects of the flood are everywhere?apparent.
The cause of the accident was not immediately?apparent.
The reason for the worry became?apparent?almost at once.
It was apparent to all that he was guilty.
She had many good qualities despite her apparent rudeness.
If she had inner doubts, it was not apparent to anyone else.
ink n.墨水，墨汁，油墨 vt. 使用墨水写，涂墨水
I looked at the pen and?ink?drawing.
The printer has a monitor which displays the?ink?levels.
His hands were covered with?ink?from the newspaper.
There's an ink stain on your shirt.
He has run out of red ink.
These ink stains won't wash out.
perspective n. 透视法，态度，观点，客观判断力，景观 ，远景，想法 adj.透视的
perspective view 透视图
The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural?perspective?to its curriculum.
The discipline of social policy itself takes on a more internationalist?perspective.
It was impossible for me to identify with his religious?perspective.
Do you agree with this perspective?
A fine perspective opened out before us.
The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of perspective.
precise adj.细致的，精细的，准确的，精确的，恰好的
precise definition 精确定义
Its?precise?chemical properties are unknown.
I wonder what they're doing at this?precise?moment.
The text is?precise?and informative.
The?precise?details of the origins of life remain hidden.
With the new technique, measurement was claimed to be much more precise.
Precise employees are highly appreciated in our company.
ambitious adj.有雄心的，有野心的，宏大的，艰巨的，有志气的，抱负不凡的，胸怀大志的
She is tough and?ambitious.
In the later stages of his directorial career, Orson Welles began work on several?ambitious?films.
Mr. Lin is an ambitious businessman.
I ought to do something a bit more ambitious.
The ambitious boy learned very quickly.
Only ambitious students get the best marks.
enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的
It's?enormous! Well, quite big anyway.
He had?enormous?vitality.
He operated an?enormous?pear orchard.
Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth.
The sight of such an enormous crowd astonished us.
comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的，综合性的，广泛的，有理解力的
The course provides a?comprehensive?view of Shakespearean literature.
The website gives a?comprehensive?list of the rules of the game.
The visitors completed a?comprehensive?victory six minutes from time.
This book should be adapted to the comprehensive ability of the freshmen.
clothing n. (总称，不可数)衣服、服装
a piece/an article of clothing 一件衣服
Clothing?manufacturers took ideas from Paris and made cheap copies.
Hire of skis, boots and?clothing, are all available.
She was deliberately mismatching articles of?clothing.
This clothing sells well to the teenage market.
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
We have to put on warm clothing in winter.
It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
temple n. 寺庙，庙宇，寺院，教堂，神殿，太阳穴
One of the columns of the?temple?had been knocked down.
There is a large mural in the temple.
The temple has been considered an example of classic design.
The ancient temple was built of wood.
structure n. 建筑物，结构，构造，精心组织 vt.构造，建造，使形成结构
There were concerns that the pricing?structure?discouraged competition.
The house was a handsome four-story brick?structure.
Can you analyze the structure of the sentence for me?
We learnt about the structure of the brain today.
You need to structure your arguments more carefully.
overall adj.全面的，综合的 adv. 全部地，一般来说，大体上，从头到尾地n.工作服，罩衫
Fantastic! I got an?overall?score of eight.
Overall, there were more losers than gainers.
Germany's Jan Ullrich finished well behind and stands eightieth?overall.
My results were quite good?overall.
Please provide your overall evaluation.
How much will it cost overall?
The shop assistant was wearing a white overall.
critic n. 批评家，评论家，批评者，挑剔者，爱挑毛病的人，吹毛求疵的人adj.批评的
He was a theatre?critic?for the Daily Mail.
He became a fierce?critic?of the tobacco industry.
He has a reputation for being a forthright critic.
Have you read the article written by that famous critic?
A critic is a man whose watch is five minutes ahead of other people's watch.
inspection n. 检查，查看，审视，视察
a routine?inspection 例行检查
He discovered, on closer?inspection, that the rocks contained gold.
Officers making a routine?inspection?of the vessel found 50 kilograms of the drug.
We aren't nearly ready for the inspection.
I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it.
He made an inspection of the school.
expose vt. 揭露，揭穿，暴露，显露，使遭受，使接触，使体验
expose ... to ... 使……接触…….，使......体验......
The Budget does?expose?the lies ministers were telling a year ago.
When you?expose?your body to the sun, a physiological reaction takes place.
She threatened to publicly?expose?his double life if he left her.
The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.
We should not expose our children to horrors.
Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
political adj.政治的，政府的，政党的，政权的，党派的，处于政治利益的，争权夺利的
political animal 政治动物
Bankrupts are barred from?political?office.
Hundreds of?political?prisoners were pardoned and released.
Their?political?opinions are extreme.
She's an important?political?figure.
The British political system has evolved over several centuries.
He was dismissed for political reasons.
Everything in our company is so political that you never know who you can trust.
soldier n. 军人，士兵，战士
He's a?soldier.
What the?soldier?was doing in Beijing is unclear.
The?soldier?gave the clenched-fist salute.
He dug both his fists into the?soldier's middle.
crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机，危急关头，危难时刻，病危期
energy crisis， 能源危机
So far, his premiership has been dominated by?crisis-management.
The government is facing another political?crisis.
They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
The Cabinet met to resolve the crisis.
She's always to the fore at moments of crisis.
decline vi. & vt.减少，下降，衰退，谢绝，晚年n. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落，使倾斜
I wish prices would decline.
The price of 14 inches TV set declined from 400 to 320 yuan each.
He spent his declining years in the country.
I must regretfully decline your kind invitation.
The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.
There is a?decline?in real wages.
?Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into?decline.
Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists.
Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
overthrow vt.推翻，打到，毁灭 n. 推翻，打到，覆没，瓦解
They were charged with plotting the?overthrow?of the state.
The big Sam absolutely has the strength to overthrow Jerry.
Indeed,the day when this gigantic net is formed will undoubtedly be the day of the complete overthrow of Japanese imperialism.
They plotted to overthrow the government.
be down to... 由......引起或造成，归功于......，归因于......，只剩下(少许钱财、货物等)
The unemployed worker was down to his last penny when at last he found a job.
His success is down to his great efforts.
scale n. 规模，范围，等级，级别，标度，比例，尺度，刻度，比例尺，鳞，(pl.)天平 vt. 测量，攀登，刮鳞，依比例决定
large scale 大规模
on a large scale?大规模地
economies of scale? 规模经济，规模效益，规模经济效益
weighing scale? 计重秤，磅秤，体重秤，电子秤
out of scale 不成比例
an earthquake measuring 5.5 on the Richter scale 一次里氏5.5级地震
Car firms are desperate to achieve economies of?scale.
How much does it read on the scale?
The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 0-12.
Please put them on this?scale.
However, he underestimates the scale of the problem.
The break-down of law and order could result in killing on a massive scale.
The map, on a scale of 1:10000, shows over 5000 individual paths.
Remove any scales from the fish skin.
The tiny church was out of scale with the new banks and offices around it.
emperor n. 皇帝，(帝国的)君主 (empress 皇后)
He refused to kowtow to the?Emperor.
The?emperor?banqueted him on the palace's roof.
Napoleon called himself Emperor of the French.
The general overthrew the last emperor of that country and established a public.
in one’s own right 凭自身的资格，凭自身的努力，凭自己的力量
She?sings with?a?rock?band,?but?she's also?a?jazz?musician?in?her?own?right.?
She's?a?rich?woman?in?her?own?right?rather?than?by?inheritance.?
Although now a celebrity in her own right, actress Lynn knows the difficulties of living in the shadow of her famous older sister.
outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的，突出的，明显的
He was an outstanding student.
Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.
Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals.
And I?know how?proud?you?are?of?this?outstanding?accomplishment.?
exhibition n. 展览，展出，展览会，陈列品，表现，显露
make an exhibition of oneself 出洋相
Did you see the Shakespeare?exhibition?
There will be an exhibition of the development of automobile industry in our country next week.
They came to see the exhibition.
The quiz was a good opportunity for the exhibition of his knowledge.
Such an exhibition of rudeness is absolutely unacceptable.
rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的，稀罕的，珍贵的，半熟的
It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.
It was in the days when motorcars were rare.
He's devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
Those rare books are shelved in the East Library.
Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept.
Would you like the steak well done or rare?
speak volumes about... 充分说明......，清楚表明......
This evidence speaks volumes about his honesty.
His body language spoke volumes about his disappointment.
He refused to comment on the report, but his angry look spoke volumes.
historic adj. 具有历史意义的，历史上著名的，有史时期的
historic city? 历史文化名城，历史名城，历史悠久的古城，历史悠久的城市
'Historic'?and?'historical' are?easily confusable.
We?should?take?more?care?of?our?historic buildings.
It?was?an?historic?day,?yet?its passing?was?not?marked?by?the?slightest?excitement.
It's?a?record?of?a?historic?event.
The most?memorable?part?of?our?trip?was?a?visit to?historic?Quebec?City.?
career n. 经历，事业，生涯，职业
Career?prospects are nearly unlimited.
Katharine has told her friends it is time to end her?career.
I have had some lows in my?career.
His early career was not a great success.
She is a career woman rather than a housewife.
Young as I am,I already know what career I want to follow.
His career took off in 1997.
house n.房子，议院，会馆，宿舍 vt.留宿，蔽护，收藏，储存，容纳vi.居住，躲藏
It was a massive, graceless?house.
The?house?was unnaturally silent.
The?house?was carpeted throughout.
The party has a working majority in the house.
Be quiet or you'll wake the whole house!
They are going to move to a new house next week.
He tried to feed and house his family.
The library houses about three million books at present.
The classroom can house sixty students.
Those caves may house snakes or some other wild animals.
sail vi. & vt.乘船航线，起航，驾驶船只，飘，掠 n. 帆，乘船航行
set sail for.. 扬帆起航去......
The yachts?sail?westerly against tides and winds.
He asked me to?sail?back to England with him.
Can you sail a boat?
Lower the sail or the boat will be knocked down.
They go for a sail down the Thames .
They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 adj.平民的，民用的
a civilian job 平民工作
Using these missiles to down?civilian?aircraft is simply immoral and totally unjustifiable.
civilian use? 民用
civilian construction? 民用建筑
He says more and more armed conflicts are taking place in?civilian?areas, not in separate battlefields.
The safety of civilians caught up in the fighting must be guaranteed.
They?bombed?military?and?civilian?targets.?
He?left the army?and?returned?to?civilian?life.
citizen，civilian，inhabitant，resident，native这些名词均含有“居民，公民”之意。
citizen指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人，即公民。
civilian指相对于军人或官员的平民百姓。
inhabitant最普通用词，一般指常住居民。
resident多指长期居住或暂时居住的民民，有时也指旅居者。
native指土生土长的本地居民。
all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界
We shall welcome people of all walks of life t