(共23张PPT)
人教新目标八年级下册
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c
语法课公开课
1.在语境中认读、理解运用下列词汇:
hometown。
2.通过观察例句,能够用现在完成时讨论拥有的物品和周围的事物。
3.通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。
4.通过4a和4b练习,进一步现固知识。
New
words
hometown
n.家乡；故乡
合成词
n.+
n.
home
+
town
Lead
in
since
﹠
for
in
present
perfect
tense
观察:
I
have
lived
in
France
for
20
years.
I
have
taught
English
for
a
long
time.
I
have
spoken
French
since
1995.
I
have
been
a
dad
since
my
daughter
was
born.
for+
表示一段时间的词组
since+
过去某一时间点的词组
一般过去时的句子.
现在完成时
The
Present
Perfect
Tense
How
long
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
I’ve
had
it
for
three
years.
How
long
has
his
son
owned
the
train
and
railway
set?
He’s
owned
it
since
his
fourth
birthday.
Have
you
ever
played
football?
Yes,
I
did
when
I
was
little,
but
I
haven’t
played
for
a
while
now.
Grammar
Focus
你拥有那边那辆自行车多久了？
我已经拥有它三年了。
他的儿子拥有那套火车和铁路
铁轨的玩具多长时间了？
自从他的4岁生日起，他就拥有它了。
你曾经踢过足球吗？
是的，我小的时候踢过，
但是现在我已经有一段时间不踢了。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for,
since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
探究1.
present
perfect
tense
with
since
&
for
for+
表示一段时间的词组
since+
过去某一时间点的词组
一般过去时的句子.
for表示“持续了…”
+时间段
since含义“自从”
+时间点
Eg：
She
has
learned
English
for
5
years.(她已经学习五年英语了)
解释：一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去
He
has
lived
in
Beijing
since
he
was
born.
(自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去Have
you
stayed
here
since
3
o'clock?
(自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?)
We
haven't
seen
each
other
_______a
long
time.
His
father
has
been
in
the
factory
_____10
years
ago.
The
film
has
been
on
_____20
minutes.
Mr.
Green
has
worked
here
______
he
came
to
China
His
grandparents
have
been
dead
______
several
years.
It's
been
five
years
______
we
met
last
time.
【即学即练】
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
since
or
for.
for
since
for
since
for
since
探究2.延续性动词与非延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历。
Eg:
learn,
work,
stand,
lie,
walk,
sleep,
keep,
wait,
watch,
sing,
read,
stay,
live
…
延续性动可以与or和
since引导的时间状语连用:
Eg:
He
has
lived
here
for
6
years
(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住)
I
have
known
her
since
then.
(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都
认识,know是延续性动词)
2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
Eg:
open,
close,
begin,
finish,
come,
go,
move,
borrow,
lend,
buy,
die
…
非延线性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用。
He
has
died
for
two
years.
(X)
He
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
(√)
I
have
bought
the
bike
for
2
months.
(X)
I
have
had/owned
the
bike
for
2
months.
(√)
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
(1)转化为相应的延续性动词,用于现在完成时态
Eg:
borrow-keep
buy-have\own
put
on-
wear
get
\go
to
sleep-
sleep
catch
a
cold-
have
a
cold
get
to
know-know
(2)转化为“be+形容词\副词\介词\名词”
Eg:
begin
start
-be
on
go
out
-
be
out
die
-
be
dead
open-
be
open
get
to/
arrive
in(at)\
reach-be
in+地点
leave
-
be
away(from)
finish-
be
over
fall
ill-
be
ill
get
up-
be
up
fall
asleep-
be
asleep
join-
be
in+活动\组织
go
to
school
-
be
in
school
become-be
make
friends
-be
friends
close-
be
closed
go
to
bed-
be
in
bed
come\go-
be+相应的介词短语
例:下面是句子的同义句转换,将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
He
went
to
school
two
hours
ago.(一般过去时)
I
borrowed
the
book
five
days
ago.
get
to/
arrive
in(at)\
reach-be
in+地点
He
has
been
in
school
for
two
hours.
(现在完成时，将go
to
school变为be
in
school,
for+时间段)
He
has
been
in
school
since
two
hours
ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
borrow借(短暂)-keep保存(延续)
I
have
kept
the
book
for
five
days.
I
have
kept
the
book
since
five
days
ago.
He
bought
the
bike
three
years
ago.
2.
She
fell
asleep
one
hour
ago.
3.
My
sister
became
a
nurse
one
year
ago.
He
has
had
the
bike
for
three
years.
buy买(短暂)—have\own拥有(延续)
He
has
had
the
bike
since
three
years
ago.
fall
asleep入睡(短暂)—be
asleep睡着的(状态)
She
has
been
asleep
for
one
hour.
She
has
been
asleep
since
one
hour
ago.
become变成(短暂)—be+名词(延续)
My
sister
has
been
a
nurse
for
one
year.
My
sister
has
been
a
nurse
since
one
year
ago.
Li
Lei
joined
the
Party
three
years
ago._(同义句)
Li
Lei
____
____
____the
Party
______
three
years.
Li
Lei
____
____
____the
Party
_____
three
years
ago.
2.
My
father
left
Guizhou
last
week.(同义句)
My
father
___
____
____
____Guizhou
______a
week.
My
father
___
_____
____
____Guizhou
____
last
week.
3.
The
factory
opened
in1996.(同义句)
The
factory
____
____
____
_____ten
years.
The
factory
____
_____
_____
since
1996.
【即学即练】
join加入某个组织(短暂)—be
in+组织(状态)
has
been
in
for
has
been
in
since
leave离开某地(短暂)
—be
away
from(状态)
has
been
away
from
for
has
been
away
from
since
open开业，营业(短暂)
—be
open(状态)
has
been
open
for
has
been
open
【即学即练】
4.
Mr.
Huang
reached
Beijing
five
days
ago.(同义句)
Mr.
Huang____
____
____Beijing
______
five
days
ago.
Mr.
Huang
____
____
____Beijing_____
five
days.
5.
The
film
began
ten
minutes
ago.(同义句)
The
film
___
_____
_____for
_____
_____.
The
film
____
____
____since
_____
____
_____.
6.
She
bought
the
new
car
three
years
ago.(同义句)
She
____
____
the
new
car
_____three
years.
She
____
____
the
new
car
____
three
years
ago.
get
to\arrive
in(at)\reach+地点
—be
in
+地点
has
been
in
since
has
been
in
for
begin开始（短暂）
—be
on
(状态)
has
been
on
ten
minutes
has
been
on
ten
minutes
ago
buy买（短暂）
—have\own拥有(状态)
has
had
for
has
had
since
Practice
4a.
Rewrite
the
sentences
using
for
or
since.
Jim
is
in
Japan.
He
arrived
there
three
days
ago.
__________________________________
2.
They
are
very
hungry.
Their
last
meal
was
ten
hours
ago.
____________________________________
3.
I
have
a
camera.
I
bought
it
in
2009.
_______________________________
4.
I
know
Anna.
I
first
met
her
three
years
ago.
___________________________________
5.
Linda
is
ill.
She
became
ill
on
Monday.
____________________________________
get
to\arrive
in(at)\reach+地点—be
in
+地点
Jim
has
been
in
Japan
for
three
days\since
three
days.
eat—
have
They
haven’t
had
anything
for
ten
hours\since
ten
hours
ago
.
buy—
have
I
have
had
a
camera
since
2009.
meet—
know
I
have
known
Anna
for
three
years\since
three
years
ago.
become
ill—
be
ill
Linda
has
been
ill
since
Monday.
4b.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
1.
I
______________
(never
be)
to
the
water
park
before.
I
want
to
____
(go)
next
month
before
the
weather
gets
too
cold.
2.They__________________(never
own)
any
pets,
but
they
______________________
(always
want)
to
have
a
dog.
3.
We_______
(have)
a
piano
since
last
November.
We
_______
(buy)
it
from
the
Li
family
when
they
moved
to
the
US
last
year.
4.
Cathy
and
Amy
_______________(not
be)
back
to
their
hometown
for
two
years.
They
____
(miss)
their
hometown
a
lot
and
hope
to
visit
the
place
next
year.
5.
This
museum
________
(be)
here
for
over
20
years.
It
_____
(be)
one
of
the
oldest
buildings
in
this
small
town.
提示：根据句意和时间状语提示词，决定句子时态和动词形式
have
never
been
go
have
never
owned
have
always
wanted
have
had
bought
haven’t
been
miss
has
been
is
4c.
Fill
in
the
questions
and
ask
two
students.
Then
complete
the
chart.
Things
How
long
Tony
favorite
book
for
two
years
basketball
since
he
was
10
years
old
student
1
student
2
1.
Do
you
have
a
(n)_________?
How
long
have
you
had
it?
2.
Do
you
own
a
(n)__________?
How
long
have
you
owned
it?
For
example:
A:
Do
you
have
\own
a
toy
bear?
B:
Yes,
I
do.
A:
How
long
have
you
had\owned
it?
B:
I
have
had
\owned
it
for
two
years\
since
two
years
ago.
For
example:
My
friend
Jenny
has
a
train
set.
She
has
owned
it
since
she
was
two
years
old.
My
classmate
Tony
has
a
football
T-shirt.
He
has
had
it
for
three
years.
……
The
end-of-class
test
一、将下列短暂性动词转化成对应的延续性形式
borrow-
buy-
put
on-
begin\start-
die-
open-
get
to
\arrive
in
(at)\reach-
leave-
finish-
fall
ill-
fall
asleep-
join-
go
to
school-
become-
close-
keep
bought
wear
be
on
be
dead
be
open
be
in+地点
be
away
(from)
be
over
be
ill
be
asleep
be
in+活动\组织
be
in
school
be
be
closed
二、翻译句子
自打五年前我就有这套火车和铁轨套装玩具了。
Tara离开家已经两个月了。
这本书我已经借了两周了。
这辆自行车我买了两年了。
那只猫已经死了两天了。
电影已经结束10分钟了。
有，拥有—
have\own
I
have
had
(owned)
this
train
and
railway
set
since
five
years
ago.
leave—
be
away
(from)
Tara
has
been
away
from
home
for
two
months.
borrow—
keep
I
have
kept
this
book
for
two
weeks.
buy—
have
I
have
had
this
bike
for
two
years.
die—
be
dead
The
cat
has
been
dead
for
two
days.
finish—
be
over
The
film
has
been
over
for
ten
minutes.
1.默写语法重点中的句子,复习现在完成时并整理笔记。
2.完成4c句子，描述、介绍自己和朋友拥有的物品。
3.预习
Section
B单词及句型。
Homework
谢谢
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Unit10
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c同步练习
I.
根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
1.
Mr.
Chen
is
from
Henan
and
his
__________
（家乡）
is
Zhengzhou.
2.
How
long
have
you
__________
（拥有）
the
old
camera?
3.
That
museum
is
one
of
the
__________
（古老的）
buildings
in
this
town.
4.
Julie
__________
（想念）
her
parents
very
much
and
she
hopes
to
visit
them
next
month.
5.
I’m
a
little
bit
__________
（饥饿的）.
Could
you
give
me
something
to
eat?
II.
单项选择。
（
）6.
__________
has
Mr.
White
been
a
member
of
Greener
China
since
he
__________
to
Nanjing?
A.
How
soon;
comes
B.
How
often;
got
C.
How
long;
came
D.
How
far;
arrived
（
）7.
His
uncle
__________
for
more
than
9
years.
A.
has
come
here
B.
has
started
to
work
C.
has
lived
there
D.
has
left
the
university
（
）8.
—Oh,
Mrs.
King,
your
necklace
looks
nice.
Is
it
new?
—No,
I
__________
it
for
two
years.
A.
had
B.
have
had
C.
bought
D.
have
bought
（
）9.
It
has
been
ten
years
__________
I
last
saw
her.
A.
after
B.
since
C.
for
D.
that
（
）10.
—Do
you
know
Lydia
very
well?
—Yes.
She
and
I
__________
friends
since
we
were
very
young.
A.
have
made
B.
have
become
C.
have
been
D.
have
turned
（
）11.
We
have
decided
to
sell
things
we
__________
use.
A.
not
longer
B.
no
longer
C.
not
more
D.
any
longer
（
）12.
Something
__________
in
our
hometown
since
2014.
Now
it
__________
very
modern.
A.
is
changed;
is
looked
B.
has
changed;
looks
C.
changed;
looks
D.
changes;
looks
（
）13.
—What
will
you
do
__________
the
money?
—I’ll
give
it
to
charity.
A.
with
B.
on
C.
from
D.
in
（
）14.
—I
have
had
the
pen
__________
two
days.
—But
I
have
had
that
__________
three
days
ago.
A.
for;
for
B.
since;
for
C.
for;
since
D.
since;
since
（
）15.
Sandy
is
very
__________
and
we
all
believe
in
her.
A.
true
B.
truthful
C.
truth
D.
truly
III.
按要求变换句型
16.Her
parents
came
to
China
five
years
ago.(改为同义句)
Her
parents
_______________
China
____
five
years.
17.My
father
left
home
the
day
before
yesterday.(用for
two
days改写句子)
My
father
__________________home
for
two
days.
18.Susan
bought
the
umbrella
the
day
before
yesterday.(改为同义句)
Susan
_________
the
umbrella
________two
days
ago.
19.
They
have
been
here
since
2000.
(对划线部分提问)
____________
have
they
been
here?
20.
The
old
man
_______
last
year.
He
________________
for
a
year.
(die)
（动词填空）
21.
This
factory
opened
twenty
years
ago.
(同义句转换)
This
factory
________________
for
twenty
years.
IV.
阅读理解。
It
was
yard
sale
time
again,
and
everyone
in
the
Jones
family
was
getting
ready.
Billy,
the
youngest,
was
clearing
out
his
old
toys.
He
put
several
old
robots
and
games
in
his
yard
sale
box.
He
also
found
some
clothes
that
didn’t
fit.
Suzy,
the
middle
child,
decided
to
part
with
some
stuffed
animals
（毛絨玩具）
from
her
collection.
She
also
found
some
old
books.
Regina,
the
eldest,
had
music
CDs
and
some
clothes
to
sell.
She
had
the
most
clothes
to
sell
among
the
children.
Dad
had
many
things
he
could
part
with:
some
tools,
some
records
he
didn’t
listen
to,
some
computer
parts
and
a
few
old
jackets
and
suits.
Mom
had
a
few
things
to
sell.
She
chose
some
handbags,
some
shoes
and
some
clothes.
She
also
found
some
old
dishes.
Together,
the
five
of
them
set
up
their
tables
and
the
sale
began
at
7：
30
a.
m.
People
came
early
and
the
buying
and
selling
was
fierce.
They
hardly
had
time
to
take
a
rest.
Many
people
brought
young
children,
so
Billy
did
well.
He
sold
out
his
toys
quickly.
Girls
liked
Suzy’s
stuffed
animals,
and
a
few
teenagers
bought
most
of
Regina’s
music
CDs.
Mom
and
Dad
had
the
most
things,
so
it
took
them
longer
to
sell
them,
but
they
also
made
more
money.
In
the
end,
Billy
made
$
22,
Suzy
made
$
18
and
Regina
made
$
43.
Mom
and
Dad
made
a
bit
more.
Dad
made
$
143
and
Mom
made
$
97.
It
was
quite
a
good
day.
（
）22.
Who
didn’t
bring
clothes
to
the
yard
sale?
A.
Billy.
B.
Suzy.
C.
Regina.
D.
Dad.
（
）23.
Mom
didn’t
bring
__________
to
the
yard
sale.
A.
shoes
B.
dishes
C.
handbags
D.
music
CDs
（
）24.
The
underlined
word
“fierce”
in
the
passage
means
“__________”
in
Chinese.
A.仓促的
B.悠闲的
C.激烈的
D.惨淡的
（
）25.
It
took
Mom
and
Dad
longer
to
sell
their
things
because
they
__________.
A.
were
bad
at
selling
B.
had
the
most
things
C.
had
to
prepare
food
and
drinks
D.
had
to
take
care
of
their
children
（
）26.
How
much
did
the
three
children
make
at
the
yard
sale
in
total?
A.
$83.
B.
$
180.
C.
$
240.
D.
$
323.
Unit10SectionAGrammar
Focus-4c
同步练习参考答案
I.
1.
hometown
2.
owned/had
3.
oldest
4.
misses
5.
hungry
II.
6-10
CCBBC
11—15
BBACB
III.
16.has
been
in;
for
17.has
been
away
from
18.
has
had;
since
19.
How
long
20.
died;
has
been
dead
21.
has
been
open
IV.
22-26
BDCBA
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