考点07
动词和动词短语
英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一 常用动词辨析
1.advise，persuade，suggest
advise用作及物动词，表示＂劝告，忠告，建议＂，强调提醒或引起注意；
persuade表示＂说服＂，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persuade
sb.to
do
sth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuade
sb.
into
doing
sth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用try
to
persuade
sb.to
do
sth.或advise
sb.to
do
sth.。
suggest用作及物动词，意为＂建议＂，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
2．bring，take，carry，fetch
bring＂带来，拿来，取来＂，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take＂拿走，带走＂，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。
fetch＂去拿来，去取来＂，强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于go
and
bring。
carry＂携带，搬运，运送＂，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3．win，beat，defeat
win表示＂赢得，战胜＂时，宾语多是比赛项目等。win
sb.则指＂赢得人心＂。
beat/defeat意为＂打败，击败＂，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如：beat
sb.打败某人；defeat
their
team/
the
country/the
enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手；
defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4．believe，believe
in
believe表示＂相信，认为＂，侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe
in表示＂相信，信任，信仰，信奉＂，其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
?You
should
believe
in
yourself
and
believe
that
you
will
succeed
one
day.
你应该相信自己，并且相信某天你将会成功的。
5．book，order
二者都有＂订购，预订＂之意，但book指订各种＂票，座位＂；而order指＂餐馆订饭、菜，定做衣服，订货＂等，常用结构：place
an
order
for
sth.
with
sb.向某人订购某物。
对比：book
a
ticket/two
seats/a
double
room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间；order
four
dishes/
lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。
?He
booked
a
table
for
four
and
ordered
six
dishes.
他订了一张四人桌，并且要了六个菜。
6．choose，select，elect
choose表示＂选择，挑选＂，有时也表示＂推选，选举＂，但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择，没有elect正式。
select表示＂（精心地）挑选，选定＂，具有＂精选＂之意。
elect表示＂选举＂，指较大范围的正式的选举。
7．disturb，interrupt
disturb是及物动词，有＂打扰，扰乱，使人心神不安＂之意。常用短语：
disturb
the
sleeping
child/one’s
plan/the
public
peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；
be
mentally
disturbed精神上受到影响；be
disturbed
about对……感到不安。
interrupt有＂打断，打扰＂之意，侧重打断。常用短语：
interrupt
the
supplies中断供应
interrupt
one’s
speech打断演讲
8．hurt，injure，wound，harm
hurt是一般用语，指精神或肉体上受到的伤害，有较强烈的＂疼痛＂意味；
injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故对身体或精神上的＂损害，损伤＂；
wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤，尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤；
harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害，特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
9．miss，lose
miss意为＂未能赶上（抓住），错过，失去，漏掉＂。而lose意为＂丢失，迷失方向，迷路＂。
10．fit，be
fit
for，be
fit
to，suit
fit用作及物或不及物动词，表示＂（衣服等）合适，使合身＂；
be
fit
for是形容词短语，表示＂适合的，能胜任的＂，for后接名词或动名词；
befit
to表示＂适合，能胜任＂，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的＂适合＂，而fit指尺寸、大小的＂合适＂。
11．save，spare
save意为＂储蓄，节省＂，指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用，或指节省东西，避免浪费，也指＂救命＂。而spare意为＂省＂，指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。
12．seat，sit
seat是及物动词，意思是＂使坐下＂，可以接人作宾语，还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有：seat
sb.使某人坐下；seat
oneself自己坐下；be
seated＝sit
down坐好。而sit是不及物动词，不能带宾语。
??
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）34.A
city
is
the
product
of
the
human
hand
and
mind,
__________
man’s
intelligence
and
creativity.
A.
resembling
B.
reflecting
C.
reviewing
D.
restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）During
my
second
year
at
the
city
college,
I
was
told
that
the
education
department
was
offering
a
“free”
course,
called
Thinking
Chess,
for
three
credits.
I
41
the
idea
of
taking
the
class
because,
after
all,
who
doesn’t
want
to
42
a
few
dollars?
41.
A.
put
forward
B.
jumped
at
C.
tried
out
D.
turned
down
42.
A.
waste
B.
earn
C.
save
D.
pay
41.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put
forward提出；
jumped
at急于接收；tried
out尝试；turned
down拒绝。故选B。
42.C
【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱；
save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
考向二 考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。
1.动词＋?away构成的短语动词有：
throw
away扔掉
put
away把……收拾好
give
away捐赠，分发
carry
away运走
run
away?潜逃，跑开
go
away
走开
2．动词＋?for构成的短语动词有：
answer
for负责
provide
for供给
all
for要求
plan
for打算，为……计划hope
for希望，期待
ask
for索取，寻找
send
for派人去请
go
for努力获取
pay
for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try
on试穿，试验
put
on穿上，上演
have
on穿着，戴着
pull
on穿，戴
hold
on不挂断，坚持，继续
carry
on继续开展，坚持
keep
on继续
go
on继续
get
on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come
over过来
hand
over移交
go
over仔细检查，复习
get
over克服，恢复
look
over检查
think
over仔细考虑
take
over接受，接管
hand
over?移交
turn
over翻转
5．动词＋?up构成的短语动词有：
bring
up抚育，培养
call
up召唤，打电话给
come
up走上前来，长出
cut
up切碎
fix
up修理
give
up放弃；go
up?上升，增长
grow
up
长大
look
up尊敬，向上看，查寻
make
up虚构，弥补，组成
put
up举起，搭建
set
up建立，创（纪录）
pick
up?捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send
up发射
show
up?揭露，露面
turn
up出现，把……调高一点
1.
（2019·北京卷·完形填空）He
asks
you
questions
and
actually
remembers
the
answers,
so
the
next
time
you
ride
with
him,
he'll
___21___
those
things.
A.
act
on
B.
settle
on
C.
check
on
D.
agree
on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，
Wilson会检查（check
on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
2.
（2018·江苏卷·完形填空）Raynor
Winn
and
her
husband
Moth
became
homeless
due
to
their
wrong
investment.
Their
savings
had
been___36___
to
pay
lawyers’
fees.
A.
drawn
up
B.
used
up
C.
backed
up
D.
kept
up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.
drawn
up起草；B.
used
up用光；C.
backed
up拥堵；D.
kept
up保持。根据后面的to
pay
lawyers’
fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
3.（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）In
his
first
years
of
high
school,
Gabriel
would
look
pityingly
at
music
students,
36（struggling）
across
the
campus
with
their
heavy
instrument
cases,
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38（before）
anyone
else
had
to
be
there.
A.
rising
up
B.
coming
up
C.
driving
up
D.
turning
up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38
anyone
else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn
up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come
out出来
go
out出去，熄灭
look
out留神，当心
walk
out走出
set
out出发，开始
put
out扑灭，生产
give
out发出，发表
hand
out分发
pick
out挑选
find
out找出，发现
speak
out大声地说
turn
out生产，结果是
get
out出去，离开
carry
out实行，执行
work
out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring
out出版
start
out?出发，动身。
（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
____________
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
A.
held
out
B.
brought
out
C.
picked
out
D.
given
out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold
out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；
B.
bring
out使显现，阐明，出版；C.
pick
out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D.
give
out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
考向三 常见同根动词短语辨析
1.bring
bring
in引进，挣得
bring
about引起，导致
bring
up养育，培养，呕吐，提出
bring
out使展现，推出（书等）
bring
down降低，使倒下
bring
back把……带回来，使忆起
bring
forth结果，生产，产生
bring
forward提出，提前
bring
off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break
down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解
break
up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break
through逾越，突破，冲破
break
away（from）挣脱，脱离
break
out爆发
break
in破门而入
break
into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰
break
off折断，中断
3．come
come
about发生
come
out结果出来，出版，开花
come
across偶遇，被理解
come
true变为现实
come
up走上前，被提出，走近
come
along一起来
come
up
with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give
up放弃
give
in屈服，呈交
give
out?用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give
off发出
give
away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go
against违背，与……不符，对……不利
go
without勉强维持，凑合
go
in
for爱好，参加，从事
go
by过去，依据，按照
go
on继续，发生
go
over复习，仔细审查，走近
go
ahead
进行
go
through?从头到尾地阅读，经历
go
away走开，外出度假，消失
go
for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep
away（from）使远离
keep
back?扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep
off?避开
keep
on继续
keep
out?挡在外边，请勿靠近
keep
up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep
up
with跟上
keep
down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look
ahead向前看
look
about环顾
look
back回忆，回顾
look
out当心，找出
look
up向上看，查阅，看望
look
down
upon看不起
look
through翻阅
look
into调查，向内看
look
after照看，负责处理
look
on旁观
look
forward
to盼望
look
round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put
back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟
put
down平定，镇压，记下
put
away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄
put
forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put
off延期
put
on穿戴，上映
put
out扑灭，生产
put
up举起，张贴
9．take
take
in吸收
take
for?误认为
take
out?拿出
take
down?放下
take
up从事，拿起，占据
take
off?飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take
by攻占
take
after像
take
along?随身携带
take
away带走，拿走，使离去
take
back?收回，退回（所购商品）
take
charge?负责，掌管
take
on呈现，雇佣
take
out拿出，带……出去
take
over?接管，接任
1.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.
calls
for需要；B.
calls
on号召；C.
calls
off取消；D.
calls
up使想起。故选A。
2.The
general
manager
has
to
retire
due
to
his
illness.
Who
do
you
think
will
________the
business?
A.
take
in
B.
take
up
C.
take
on
D.
take
over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?take
over
＂接管，接手＂，符合句意。take
in＂领会，欺骗＂；take
up＂继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；take
on＂承担(责任)，呈现＂。
10．turn
turn
back折回，掉转头
turn
away转身，走开，打发走
turn
out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn
down?拒绝，调小
turn
off?关掉
turn
over翻过来，移交
turn
in上交（作业等），拐入
turn
into变成，翻译
turn
on打开，取决于
turn
to求助于，翻到
turn
up调大，出现
Tom
had
to______
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
A.
turn
in
B.
turn
down
C.
turn
over
D.
turn
to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn
in
上交；
turn
down拒绝；
turn
over
移交；
turn
to求助。根据句意可知选B。
题组一
基础过关
I.单项填空
1.A
sign
of
a
liar
is
that
his
eyes
are
always
__________,
that’s
to
say,
he
doesn’t
dare
to
look
into
your
eyes.
A.
disagreeing
B.
wondering
C.
reflecting
D.
wandering
2.The
government
will
set
up
a
group
to__________ways
to
improve
the
people’s
living
standard.
A.
run
into
B.
get
into
C.
look
into
D.
break
into
3.The
visiting
president
answered
journalists’
questions,
saying
the
two
countries
should
seek
common
ground
and
__________differences
on
many
problems.
A.
examine
B.
explore
C.
assume
D.
reserve
4.You
might__________deer
or
horses
as
you
walk
through
the
farmland,
where
many
animals
live.
A.
come
up
B.
come
through
C.
come
across
D.
come
over
5.We
all__________Wang
Yaping
as
an
example
of
a
woman
who
managed
to
fulfil
her
dream.
A.
look
forward
to
B.
look
back
C.
look
up
to
D.
look
over
6.They
kept
trying,
and
their
efforts
finally
__________.
A.
make
it
B.
paid
off
C.
are
made
it
D.
are
paid
off
7.In
Britain
today,
women__________44%
of
the
workforce,
and
nearly
half
the
mothers
with
children
are
in
paid
work.
A.
take
up
B.
make
up
C.
pick
up
D.
give
up
8.—It’s
a
good
idea.
But
who’s
going
to
__________the
plan?
—I
think
Tom
and
Mike
will.
A.
carry
out
B.
get
through
C.
take
in
D.
set
aside
9.As
a
student,
I
want
to
use
my
creativity
to__________
possible
solutions
to
the
problems
I
meet
with.
A.
explain
B.
express
C.
ignore
D.
explore
10.The
policy
of
reducing
the
price
of
bus
services
provides
you
with
a
cheap
way
to
__________.
A.
get
through
B.
get
across
C.
get
over
D.
get
around
题组二
体验真题
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）.Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
___________
what
he
was
saying.
A.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
2.
（2017·天津卷·单项填空）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
___________,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
A.
settled
down
B.
keep
off
C.
get
up
D.
cut
in
3.
（2017·天津卷·完形填空）I
was
filled
with
the
fear
that
I
would
28
the
same
difficulties
that
beat
me
before.
A.
get
over
B.
run
into
C.
look
for
D.
put
aside
4.
（2017·新课标1卷·完形填空）After
that,
feeling
the
need
to
52
further,
I
decided
to
drop
in
on
one
of
ASL
club’s
meetings.
I
only
learned
how
to
53
the
alphabet
that
day.
52.
A.
exercise
B.
explore
C.
express
D.
explain
53.
A.
print
B.
write
C.
sign
D.
count
5.（2016·江苏）He
did
not
_________
easily,
but
was
willing
to
accept
any
constructive
advice
for
a
worthy
cause.
A.
approach
B.
wrestle
C.
compromise
D.
communicate
6.（2016·江苏）Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have________
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
A.
fallen
off
B.
taken
off
C.
turned
off
D.
left
off
7.（2016·江苏）Parents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to______
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
A.
gain
admission
to
B.
keep
track
of
C.
take
advantage
of
D.
give
rise
to
8.（2016·天津）Mary
was
silent
during
the
early
part
of
the
discussion
but
finally
she
____
her
opinion
on
the
subject.
A.
gave
voice
to
B.
kept
an
eye
on
C.
turned
a
deaf
ear
of
D.
set
foot
on
9.（2016·天津）I’m
going
to
_____
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
A.
put
B.
make
C.
take
D.
give
10.
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he___________
as
she
was
so
confidence
about
her
skills.
A.
gave
in
B.
dressed
up
C.
broke
in
D.
turned
up
题组一基础过关
单项填空
1.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：说谎者的一个标志是他的眼睛总是游离不定，也就是说，他不敢直视你的眼睛。
disagree＂不同意＂；wonder＂想知道＂；reflect＂反射＂；wander＂徘徊，漫步，走神＂。故选D。
2.C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府将成立一个组去研究提高人民生活水平的方法。run
into＂偶然遇见＂；get
into＂进入＂；look
into＂调查，研究＂；break
into＂闯入＂。
?3.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：来访的总统在答记者问时说，在许多问题上，两国应当求同存异。examine＂检查＂；explore＂探索＂：assume＂假设＂；reserve＂保留＂。
4.C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在穿过农场时，你可能会碰到鹿或马，那儿有很多动物。come
up＂出现，到来＂；come
through＂安然度过＂；come
across＂(偶然)碰见＂；come
over＂来访，拜访＂。?
5.C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：王亚平作为一个妇女的典范受到我们所有人的尊敬，她努力实现了自己的梦想。look
up
to
sb.表示＂尊敬某人＂。
6.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们一直努力，而且他们的努力终于奏效了。make
it＂成功，到达＂，无被动形式，排除C项；A项时态错误；pay
off意为＂(计划等)奏效＂时，也没有被动形式。故选B项。
7.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今的英国劳动力中，女性占了44%，而且近一半的有孩子的母亲在工作赚钱。make
up＂构成＂，符合句意。take
up＂开始从事(新的工作)，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；
pick
up＂捡起，接收＂；give
up＂放弃＂。
8.A
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：——那是一个好主意，但是谁将去执行这个计划呢?——我认为Tom和Mike可以。表示＂执行＂应该用carry
out；而get
through
意为＂接通，顺利通过＂，take
in意为＂吸入，欺骗＂，set
aside意为＂把……放到一边＂，都不符合语境。
9.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。explain＂解释＂；express＂表达＂；ignore＂忽略＂；explore＂探索＂。句意：作为一名学生，我想用我的创造力去探索可能的方式来解决我遇到的问题。?
10.D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。get
through＂通过，到达，做完，接通电话，熬过(困难时期等)＂；get
across＂(使)被了解＂；get
over＂克服，恢复＂；get
around＂到处走动，传播＂。句意：降低公交服务价格的政策给你提供了一种便宜的方式去旅游。
题组二体验真题
1.C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：
凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储，留出”；
take
back“收回，拿回”；make
out“辨认出，理解，了解”；
keep
off“（使）避开”。故选C。
2.A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.
安顿下来；B.
远离；C.起床；D.
插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
3.B
【解析】根据上文fear和下文the
same
difficulties
that
beat
me
before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到
以前打败我的同样的困难。A.
克服，战胜；B.
遇到；C.
寻找；D.
把……放到一边。故选B。
4.
52.
B
考查动词辨析。exercise锻炼；explore探索；express表达；explain解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉到想要探索更多(关于手语的东西)，于是我决定参加ASL
俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。
53.
C
考查动词辨析。print打印；write写；sign签名，打手语；count数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。故选C。
5.C
【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他不容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
6.B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall
off跌落，下降；take
off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn
off关闭；leave
off停止，中断。句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
7.C
【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain
admission
to
获准进入；keep
track
of记录；take
advantage
of利用；give
rise
to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
8.A
【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A.
将……说出，透露，表明；B.
注意，照看；C.对……充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
9.C
【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take
advantage
of，意为＂利用＂，其他选项不能和advantage
of搭配。故选C。
10.A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A.
gave
in屈服，让步；B.
dressed
up打扮；C.
broke
in闯入；打断；D.
turned
up出现。根据转折词but及原因as
she
was
so
confident
about
her
skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。考点08
构词法
许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Composition）和转换法（Conversion）三大类。
构词法一
派生法
在一个词的词根（root）前面或后面加上某个词缀（affix）来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法（derivation）或词缀法（affixation）。加在前面的词缀叫前缀（prefix），加在后面的词缀叫后缀（suffix）。一般情况下，前缀往往改变词根的词义，不改变词根的词性；而后缀往往改变词根的词性，有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义，因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。
1.形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词
直接加－ly
extreme
→
extremely尤其，非常stupid
→
stupidly
傻地
改y为－ily
happy
→
happily快乐地merry
→
merrily
快乐地
去e加－ly
true真的
→
truly真地
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
－age
short
→
shortage不足；短缺
－cy
efficient
→
efficiency效率；功效accurate
→
accuracy准确性
－dom
free
→
freedom自由；自主wise
→
wisdom明智；智慧
－ence
different
→
difference差异silent
→
silence沉默
－ness
weak
→
weakness虚弱；弱点careless
→
carelessness粗心大意
－th
strong
→
strength力气；强项wide
→
width宽
－y－ty－ity
disable
→
disability无能；残疾responsible
→
responsibility责任
3.动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
－al
approve
→
approval赞成；批准arrive
→
arrival到来
－ance
appear
→
appearance出现；外貌perform
→
performance表演；节目
－ence
exist
→
existence存在；生存refer
→
reference参考；查阅
－ion
construct
→
construction建设evaluate
→
evaluation评估
－ation
consider
→
consideration考虑imagine
→
imagination想象力
－(s)sion
discuss
→
discussion讨论；辩论admit
→
admission接纳；准许入学
－ing
hear
→
hearing听力；听觉begin
→
beginning开始
－ment
argue
→
argument辩论；论据equip
→
equipment设备
－ure
fail
→
failure失败；没做到press
→
pressure压力
－ture
mix
→
mixture混合；混合物depart
→
departure离开；出发
－y
recover
→
recovery恢复；痊愈discover
→
discovery发现
其他
vary
→
variety多样化；种类tend
→
tendency趋向；趋势
4.表示＂人＂的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：
后缀
例词
－er
village
→
villager村民strange
→
stranger陌生人
－ar
lie
→
liar说谎者
－ee
employ
→
employee受雇者；雇员interview
→
interviewee被面试者
－or
invent
→
inventor发明家educate
→
educator教育家；教师
－ess
steward
→
stewardess
女乘务员host
→
hostess
女主人；女主持人
－ese
China
→
Chinese中国人Japan
→
Japanese日本人
－an
America
→
American美国人Australia
→
Australian澳洲人
－ian
history
→
historian历史学家politics
→
politician政治家；政客
－ist
special
→
specialist专家tour
→
tourist旅行者；观光者
－ant
participate
→
participant参加者assist
→
assistant助手；图书管理员
5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀
例词
－able
accept
→
acceptable可接受的comfort
→
comfortable舒适的
－al
person
→
personal个人的；私人的nature
→
natural自然的；天生的
－ful
hope
→
hopeful有希望的peace
→
peaceful和平的
－ed
confuse
→
confused感到困惑的bore
→
bored感到厌倦的
－ing
surprise
→
surprising令人惊讶的convince
→
convincing令人信服的
－ible
access
→
accessible容易到达的；容易取得的horror
→
horrible可怕的；恐怖的
－ive
effect
→
effective有效的；生效的instruct
→
instructive有教育意义的
－ous
anxiety
→
anxious忧虑的curiosity
→
curious好奇的
－some
tire
→
tiresome令人厌倦的trouble
→
troublesome麻烦的
－y
taste
→
tasty美味的；可口的wealth
→
wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt
→
dirty有灰尘的；脏的
－ern
east
→
eastern东方的；向东的west
→
western西方的；向西的
－ish
fool
→
foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self
→
selfish自私的
－ic
science
→
scientific科学的history
→
historic历史上著名的
－ary
imagine
→
imaginary想象中的
6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀
例词
dis－
advantage
→
disadvantage缺点comfort
→
discomfort不舒适
il－
legal
→
illegal不合法的logical
→
illogical不合逻辑的
im－
patient
→
impatient不耐烦的moral
→
immoral不道德的
in－
formal
→
informal非正式的convenient
→
inconvenient不方便的
ir－
regular
→
irregular不规则的responsible
→
irresponsible不负责任的
mis－
lead
→
mislead误导understand
→
misunderstand误解
un－
willing
→
unwilling不愿意的happy
→
unhappy不高兴的
后缀
例词
－less
hope
→
hopeless绝望的care
→
careless粗心的
7.变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀
例词
en－
large
→
enlarge扩大rich
→
enrich使充实；使丰富
后缀
例词
－en
broad
→
broaden使变宽hard
→
harden使变硬
－ify
class
→
classify把……分类beauty
→
beautify美化
－ize
apology
→
apologize道歉emphasis
→
emphasize强调
1.
(2019年新课标卷I·语法填空)
Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
___68___
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
【答案】higher
【解析】根据其后than
they
actually
are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
2.
(2019年新课标卷I·语法填空)
It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
___62___
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3.
(2018年新课标卷I·语法填空)
According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
___61___(long)
than
non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
4.(2018年新课标卷I·语法填空)The
best
exercise
is
one
that
you
enjoy
and
will
do.
But
otherwise,
it's
probably
running.
To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,
do
exercises
to___68___(strength)your
leg
muscles(肌肉),avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it's
always___69___(energy).
【答案】68.
strengthen
69.
energetic
【解析】68.
考查词形转化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。69.
考查词形转化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
5.
(2018年新课标卷II·语法填空)A
taste
for
meat
is
___63___
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
构词法二 转化法
在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多，但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。
动词
→
名词
walk
→
take
a
walk散步swim
→
have
a
swim游泳
名词
→
动词
book
n.
→
v.预订milk
n.
→
v.挤奶
形容词
→
动词
slow
adj.
→
v.减慢narrow
adj.
→
v.使变窄；(差距等)缩小
形容词?副词
hard
adj.困难的?adv.努力地high
adj.高的?adv.高deep
adj.深的?adv.深wide
adj.宽的?adv.广阔地
构词法三
合成法
把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起，这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性，最常见的包括：名词合成词，形容词合成词，动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。
1.合成名词
构成方式
例词
名词＋名词
weekend周末
名词＋动词
daybreak黎明
名词＋动名词
handwriting书法
名词＋及物动词＋er／or
pain-killer止痛药
名词＋介词＋名词
sister-in-law嫂子
代词＋名词
she-wolf母狼，he-goat
动词＋名词
typewriter打字机
动名词＋名词
reading-room阅览室
现在分词＋名词
flying-fish飞鱼
形容词＋名词
freshman大一新生
副词＋动词
outlook景色，风光
介词＋名词
afterbrain后脑
2.合成形容词
构成方式
例词
名词＋形容词
bloodred血红的
名词＋现在分词
French-speaking讲法语的
名词＋to＋名词
one-to-one一对一的
名词＋过去分词
man-made人造的
数词＋名词
one-way单行道的
数词＋名词＋形容词
three-year-old三岁的
数词＋名词＋ed
ten-storeyed十层的
动词＋副词
one-off
一次性的
形容词＋名词
high-quality高质量的
形容词＋名词＋ed
noble-minded高尚的
形容词＋形容词
light-green浅绿色的
形容词＋现在分词
ordinary-looking相貌一般的
副词＋形容词
ever-green常青的
副词＋现在分词
hard-working辛勤的
副词＋过去分词
well-known著名的
副词＋名词
fast-food提供快餐的
介词＋名词
indoor室内的
3.合成动词
构成方式
例词
名词＋动词
sleep-walk梦游
形容词＋动词
white-wash粉刷
副词＋动词
overwhelm压倒，制服
4.合成副词
构成方式
例词
形容词＋名词
hotfoot匆忙地
形容词＋副词
everywhere到处
副词＋副词
however尽管如此
介词＋名词
beforehand事先
介词＋副词
forever永远
5.合成代词
构成方式
例词
代词宾格＋self
herself
她自己，themselves
物主代词＋self
myself
我自己
形容词＋名词
anything
一切
语法填空词形转换常见词
A
1.
ability?[??b?l?t?]
n.
能力；才能
able
[?e?b(?)l]
a.
能够；有能力的
1.
absence?[??bs?ns]
n.
不在，缺席
absent
[??bs?nt]
a.
缺席，
不在
3.
academic
[?k??dem?k]
a.
/
n.
学术的，教学的
academy
[??k?d?m?]
n.专科学院，（美）私立学校
4.
access
[??kses]
n.
/
v.
通道，入径，存取(计算机文件)
accessible
[?k?ses?b(?)l]
a.
可到达的，可接受的
5.
achieve?[??t?i?v]
vt.
达到，取得
achievement?[??t?i?vm?nt]
n.
成就，成绩，功绩
6.
act?[?kt]
n.
法令，条例
v.
（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事
action?[??k?(?)n]
n.
行动
active?[??kt?v]
a.
积极的，主动的
activity?[?k?t?v?t?]
n.
活动
7.
adapt?[??d?pt]
v.
使适应，适合，改编
adaptation?[?d?p?te??(?)n]
n.
适应，改编本
8.
adjust?[??d??st]
v.调整，调节，适应，习惯
adjustment?[??d??stm?nt]
n.
调整，适应
9.
admirable?[??dm?r?b(?)l]
a.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的
admire?[?d?ma??(r)]
v.
钦佩；羡慕
admission?[?d?m??(?)n]
n.
准入，
接纳
admit?[?d?m?t]
vt.
承认，准许（入场，入学，入会）
10.
advertise?[??dv?ta?z]
vt.
为……做广告
advertisement?[?d?v??t?sm?nt]
n.
广告
11.agree?[??ɡri?]
v.
同意；应允
agreement?[??ɡri?m?nt]
n.
同意，一致；协定，协议
12.
amaze?[??me?z]
v.
惊奇，惊叹；震惊
amazed
感到惊讶的
amazing?[??me?z??]
a.惊奇，惊叹的；震惊的
be
amazed
at
对..感到惊讶
13.amuse?[??mju?z]
vt.
（使人）快乐，逗乐
amused
感到愉快的
amusing
令人愉快的
amusement?[??mju?zm?nt]
n.
娱乐
14.
analyze/
`?nl，a?z
/
v.
分析
analysis?[??n?l?s?s]
n.
分析，分析结果
15.anger?[???ɡ?(r)]
n.
怒，愤怒
angry?[??nɡr?]
a.
生气的，愤怒的
16.anxiety?[???za??t?]
n.
担忧，焦虑
anxious?[???k??s]
a.
忧虑的，焦急的
17.apologize?[??p?l?d?a?z]
vi.
道歉，谢罪
apology?[??p?l?d??]
n.
道歉；歉意
18.appear?[??p??(r)]
vi.
出现
appearance?[??p??r?ns]
n.
出现，露面；容貌
19.
application?[?pl??ke??(?)n]
n.
申请
apply
[??pla?]v.
申请
20.
appoint?[??p??nt]
v.
任命，委任，安排
appointment?[??p??ntm?nt]
n.
约会
appreciate?[??pri???e?t]
v.
欣赏；
感激
appreciation?[?pri????e??(?)n]
n.
欣赏，鉴定，评估
21.appropriate?[??pr??pr??t]
a.
合适的，恰当的
approximately?[?pr?ks??m?tl?]
ad.近似，大约
22.argue
[?ɑ?ɡju?]vi.
争辩，
争论
argument?[?ɑ?ɡj?m?nt]
n.
争论，辩论
23.arrange?[??re?nd?]
v.
安排，布置
arrangement
[??re?nd?m?nt]n.
安排，布置
24.arrival?[??ra?v(?)l]
n.
到来，到达
arrive?[??ra?v]
vi.
到达；
-
at
小地方，-
in大地方
25.assess?[??ses]
v.评价，评定（性质，质量）
assessment?[??sesm?nt]
n.
看法，评价
26.assist
[??s?st]v.
帮助，协助
assistance?[??s?st(?)ns]
n.
帮助，援助，支持
assistant?[??s?st(?)nt]
n.
助手，助理
27.associate?[??s????e?t]
v.
联想，联系
association?[?s??s??e??(?)n]
n.
协会，社团，联系
28.assume?[??sju?m；
(US)
??su?m]
v.
假定，假设
assumption?[??s?mp?(?)n]
n.
假定，假设
29.attract?[??tr?kt]
v.
吸引，引起
attraction?[??tr?k?(?)n]
n.
吸引，爱慕
attractive?[??tr?kt?v]
a.
迷人的，有吸引力的
B
1.
bad
(worse，
worst)
[b?d]
a.
坏的；有害的，严重的
badly?[?b?dl?]
ad.
坏，恶劣地
2.bath?[bɑ?θ；
(US)
b?θ]
n.
洗澡；浴室；澡盆
bathe?[be??]
vi.
洗澡；游泳
3.beautiful?[?bju?t?f(?)l]
a.
美，美丽，美观的
beauty?[?bju?t?]
n.
美丽，美人
4.
behave?[b??he?v]
v.
守规矩，行为
behaviour/
b?`he?vj?r
/
n.
行为，举止
5.
beneficial?[ben??f??(?)l]
a.
有利的，有帮助的，有用的
benefit?[?ben?f?t]
n.
/
v.优势，益处，使…受益
6.
bored
/
b?rd
/
a.（对人，事）厌倦的，烦闷的
boring
/
`b?r??
/
a.
乏味的，无聊的
7.brave?[bre?v]
a.
勇敢的
bravery?[?bre?v?r?]
n.
勇气
8.breath?[breθ]
n.
气息；呼吸
breathe?[bri??]
vi.
呼吸
breathless?[?breθl?s]
a.
气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的
9.
build
(built，
built)
[b?ld]
v.
建筑；造
building?[?b?ld??]
n.
建筑物；房屋；大楼
C
1.care?[ke?(r)]
n.
照料，保护；小心v.
介意……，在乎
careful?[?ke?f?l]
a.
小心，仔细，谨慎的
careless?[?ke?l?s]
a.
粗心的，漫不经心的
2.
caution?[?k???(?)n]
n.
谨慎，小心，警告
cautious?[?k????s]
a.
小心的，谨慎的
3.celebrate?[?sel?bre?t]
v.
庆祝
celebration?[sel??bre??(?)n]
n.
庆祝；庆祝会
4.entre
中心
central
中心的
5.
certain?[?s??t(?)n]
a.确定的，无疑的；一定会……
certainly?[?s??t?nl?]
ad.
当然；一定，无疑
6.
challenge?[?t??l?nd?]
n.挑战(性)
challenging?[?t??l?nd???]
a.具有挑战性的
7.changeable?[?t?e?nd??b(?)l]
a.易变的，变化无常的
change?[t?e?nd?]
n.
零钱；找头v.
改变，变化；更换；
8.cheer?[t???(r)]
n.
&
vi.欢呼；
喝彩
Cheer
up?[t???(r)-?p]
振作起来！提起精神！
cheerful?[?t???f?l]
a.兴高采烈的，快活的
cheers?[t???(r)]
int.
干杯，(口)谢谢，再见
9.chemical?[?kem?k(?)l]
a.
化学的
n.
化学品
chemist?[?kem?st]
n.
药剂师；化学家
chemistry?[?kem?str?]
n.
化学
10.child
(复children)
[t?a?ld]
n.
孩子，儿童
childhood?[?t?a?ldh?d]
n.
幼年时代，童年
11.civil?[?s?v(?)l]
a.
国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的
civilian?[s??v?l??n]
n.
平民，老百姓
civilization?[s?v?la??ze??(?)n；
n.
文明
12.clean?[kli?n]
vt.
弄干净，擦干净
a.
清洁的，干净的
cleaner?[kli?n?(r)]
n.清洁工.，清洁器.，清洁剂
13.clear?[kl??(r)]
a.
清晰；明亮的；清楚的
clearly?[?kl??l?]
ad.
清楚地，无疑地
14.cloud?[?kl?????]
n.
云；云状物；阴影
cloudy?[?kla?d?]
a.
多云的，阴天的
fort?[?k?mf?t]
n.
安慰；
慰问
comfortable?[?k?mf?t?b(?)l；
(US)
?k?mf?rt?bl]
a.
舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的
mit?[k??m?t]
v.犯（罪，错），自杀
commitment?[k??m?tm?nt]
n.
承诺，允诺，承担
municate?[k??mju?n?ke?t]
v.
交际；传达（感情，信息等）
communication?[k?mju?n??ke??(?)n]
n.交际，通讯
pete?[k?m?pi?t]
vi.
比赛，竞赛
competence?[?k?mp?t?ns]
n.能力，胜任，管辖权
competition?[k?mp??t??(?)n]
n.
比赛，竞赛
competitor?[k?m?pet?t?(r)]
n.
竞赛者，比赛者
19.conclude?[k?n?klu?d]
v.
完成，结束
conclusion?[k?n?klu??(?)n]
n.
结论；结束
20.consider?[k?n?s?d?(r)]
vt.
考虑
considerate?[k?n?s?d?r?t]
a.
体贴的
consideration?[k?ns?d??re??(?)n]
n.
考虑；关心
21.convenience
n.
convenient
adj.
方便的
22.construct?[k?n?str?kt]
v.
构筑；建造，建设
construction?[k?n?str?k?(?)n]
n.建造，建设，建筑物
D
1.danger?[?de?nd??(r)]
n.
危险
dangerous?[?de?nd??r?s]
a.
危险的
2.dark?[dɑ?k]
n.
黑暗；暗处；日暮
a.
黑暗的；深色的
darkness?[?dɑ?kn?s]
n.
黑暗，阴暗
3.die?[da?]
v.
死
dead
死的，无生命的
death?[deθ]
n.
死
4.decide?[d??sa?d]
v.
决定；下决心
decision?[d??s??(?)n]
n.
决定；决心
5.deep?[di?p]
a.
深
ad.
深；深厚
deeply?[?di?pl?]
ad.
深深地
depth?[depθ]
n.
深，深度
66.delight?[d??la?t]
n.
快乐；乐事
delighted?[di'laitid]
a.
高兴的，快乐的
7.develop?[d??vel?p]
v.
（使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发
vt.
冲洗（照片）
development?[d??vel?pm?nt]
n.
发展，发达，发育，
8.devote?[d??v??t]
vt.
把…奉献，
把…专用（于）
devotion?[d??v???(?)n]
n.
奉献，奉献精神
9.differ?[?d?f?(r)]
v.
相异，有区别
difference?[?d?fr?ns]
n.
不同
different?[?d?fr?nt]
a.
不同的，有差异的
10.difficult?[?d?f?k?lt]
a.难；艰难；不易相处
difficulty?[?d?f?k?lt?]
n.
困难，费力
11.disagree?[d?s??ɡri?]
vi.
意见不一致，持不同意见
disagreement?[d?s??ɡri?m?nt]
n.
意见不一致；争论
12.disappoint
[d?s??p??nt]vt.
使失望
be
disappointed
at
感到失望的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointment?[d?s??p??ntm?nt]
n.
失望；沮丧
13.discover?[d??sk?v?(r)]
vt.
发现
discovery?[d??sk?v?r?]
n.
发现
14.discuss?[d?s?k?s]
vt.
讨论，议论
discussion?[d?s?k??(?)n]
n.
讨论，辩论
15.distance?[?d?st?ns]
n.
距离
distant?[?d?st(?)nt]
a.
远的，遥远的
E
1.easy?[?i?z?]
a.
容易的，不费力的
easily?[?i?z?l?]
ad.
容易地
2.east
[i?st]a.
东方；东部的；朝东的；
ad.
在东方；
eastern?[?i?st(?)n]
a.
东方的；东部的
3.educate?[?edj?ke?t]
vt.
教育，培养
educator?['edju:keit?(r)]
n.
教育家
education?[edj??ke??(?)n]
n.
教育，培养
4.engine
[?end??n]
n.
发动机，引擎
engineer
[end???n??(r)]
n.
工程师；技师
5.enjoy?[?n?d???]
vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢
enjoyable
[?n?d????b(?)l]a.
愉快的；有趣的
6.equal
[?i?kw(?)l]
a.平等的
vt.等于，使等于
equality
[i??kw?l?t?]
n.
平等
82.equip
[??kw?p]
vt.
提供设备；装备；配备
equipment
[??kw?pm?nt]
n.
装备，设备
7.exact
[?ɡ?z?kt]
a.
精确的；确切的
exactly
[ex'act·ly]
ad.
精确地；确切地
8.exist
[?g'z?st]
vi.
存在
existence
[?ɡ?z?st(?)ns]
n.存在；生存；存在物
9.explain
[?ks?ple?n]
vt.
解释，说明
explanation
[ekspl??ne??(?)n]
n.
解释，说明
10.express?[?k?spres]
vt.
表达；表情
n.
快车，特快专递
expression
[?k?spre?(?)n]n.
表达；词句；表情
11.extreme?[?k?stri?m]
a.
极其的，非常的
extremely?[?k?stri?ml?]
ad.
极其，非常
F
1.fail?[fe?l]
v.
失败；不及格；衰退
failure?[?fe?lj?(r)]
n.
失败
2.fair?[fe?(r)]
a.
公平的，合理的
a.
(肤色)白皙的；
（人）白肤金发的
n.
集市；庙会；展览会
fairly?[?fe?l?]
ad.
公正地，正当地；相当（程度）地
fairness
['f??nis]
n.
公平；公正
3.firm
[f??m]
n.公司；企业
a.坚固的，坚定的
firmly
[?f??ml?]
ad.
牢牢地
4.fluency
['flu?nsi]
n.（外语）流利，流畅
fluent
[?flu??nt]
a.
（外语）流利的，流畅
5.fool?[fu?l]
n.
傻子，蠢人
foolish?[?fu?l??]
a.
愚蠢的，傻的
6.foreign
[?f?r?n；
(US)
?f??r?n]
a.
外国的
foreigner
[?f?r?n?(r)]
n.
外国人
7.forget
[f??rev?(r)]
(forgot，
forgotten)
v.
忘记；忘掉
forgetful
[f??ɡetf?l]
a.
健忘的，不留心的
8.fortunate
[?f??t??n?t]
a.
幸运的；
侥幸的
fortune
[?f??tju?n，
?f??t?u?n]
n.
财产；运气
9.free
[fri?]
a.
自由，空闲的；免费的
freedom
[?fri?d?m]
n.
自由
10.friend
[frend]
n.
朋友
friendly
[?frendl?]
a.
友好的
friendship
[?frend??p]
n.
友谊，友情
G
1.gift?[ɡ?ft]
n.
赠品；礼物
gifted?[?ɡ?ft?d]
a.
有天赋的；有才华的
2.grow
(grew，
grown)
[ɡr??]
v.
生长；发育；种植；变成
growth
[ɡr??θ]
n.
生长，增长
3.
guidance
[?ɡa?d?ns]
n.
引导，指导
guide
[ɡa?d]
n.
向导，导游者
H
1.
happy
[?h?p?]
a.幸福；快乐的，高兴的
happily
['h?p?l?]
ad.
幸福地，快乐地
happiness
[?h?p?n?s]
n.
幸福，愉快
2.
hard
[hɑ?d]
ad.
努力地；使劲；猛烈地
a.硬的；困难的；艰难的
hardly
[?hɑ?dl?]
ad.
几乎不
hardship
[?hɑ?d??p]
n.
困难
3.
harm
[hɑ?m]
n.&v.
伤害；损伤
harmful
[?hɑ?mf?l]
a.有害的；致伤的
harmless
[?hɑ?ml?s]
a.
无害的；不致伤的
4.
health
[helθ]
n.
健康，卫生
healthy
[?helθ?]
a.
健康的，健壮的
5.heavy
[?hev?]
a.
重的
heavily
[?hev?l?]
ad.
重地，大量地
6.help
[help]
n.
&
vt.
帮助，帮忙
helpful
[?helpf?l]
a.
有帮助的，有益的
7.hope
[h??p]
n.&
v.
希望
hopeful
[?h??pf?l]
a.
有希望的；有前途的
hopeless
a.没有希望，不可救药的
8.humorous
[?hju?m?r?s]
a.
富于幽默的
humour
(美humor)
['hju:m?]
n.幽默，幽默感
9.
hunger
[?h??ɡ?(r)]
n.
饥饿
hungry
[?h??ɡr?]
a.
（饥）饿的
I
1.
ill
[?l]
a.
有病的；不健康的
illness
[??ln?s]
n.
疾病
1.
importance
[?m?p??t(?)ns]
n.
重要性
important
[?m?p??t?nt]
a.
重要的
3.
imagine
vt.
想象
imaginary
adj.
想象的
imagination
n.
想象
4.
impossible
[?m?p?s?b(?)l]
a.
不可能的
possible
可能的
5.
impress
[?m?pres]
vt.
留下极深的印象
impression
[?m?pre?(?)n]
n.
印象，感觉
6.
improve
改善，提高
improvement
7.independent
独立的
independence
8.
instruct
[?n?str?kt]
vt.
通知；指示；教
instruction
[?n?str?k?(?)n]
n.
说明，须知；教导
9.
interest
[??ntr?st]
n.
兴趣，趣味；利息
interesting
[??ntr?t??]
a.
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
10.
intelligence
智力，intelligent
聪明的
11.
introduce
[?ntr??dju?s；
(US)
-du?s]
vt.
介绍
introduction
[?ntr??d?k?(?)n]
n.
引进，介绍
12.
invent
[?n?vent]
vt.
发明，创造
invention
[?n?ven?(?)n]
n.
发明，创造
13.
invitation
[?nv??te??(?)n]
n.
邀请，请帖
invite
[?n?va?t]
vt.
邀请，招待
J
1.
judge
[d??d?]
n.
裁判；审判员；法官vt.
判断，断定
judgement
['d??d?m?nt]
n.
裁判
2.
juice
[d?u?s]
n.
汁、液
juicy
[d?u?s?]
a.
多汁的；水分多的
K
1.
kind
[ka?nd]
n.
种；类
a.
善良，友好的
kindness
[?ka?ndn?s]
n.
仁慈；善良
L
1.
last
[lɑ?st；
(US)
l?st]
a.最近刚过去；最后的ad.最近刚过去；最后地
n.最后v.持续
late
[le?t]
a.晚的，迟的ad.晚地，迟地
lately
[?le?tl?]
ad.
最近，不久前
later
[?le?t?(r)]
a.
晚些的，迟些的
latest
[?le?t?st]
a.最近，最新的；最晚的
latter
[?l?t?(r)]
n.（两者之中的）后者
2.lazy
懒惰的
lazily
懒惰地
laziness
n.
懒惰
3.
laugh
[lɑ?f]
n.&
v.
笑，大笑；嘲笑
laughter
[?lɑ?ft?(r)；
(US)
?l?ft?r]
n.
笑；
笑声
4.
learn
(learnt，
learnt；--ed
--ed)
[l??n]
vt.
学，学习，学会
learned
[?l??n?d]
a.
有才华的；博学的
5.
live
[l?v]
vi.
生活；居住；活着
a.
活的，活着的；实况，现场（直播）的
lively
[?la?vl?]
a.
活泼的；充满生气的
living
[?l?v??]
a.
活着的
n.
生计
6.
legal
合法的
illegal
违法的
7.
loud
[la?d]
a.
大声的
loudly
[la?dl?]
ad.
大声地
8.
love
[l?v]
n.&
vt.
爱；热爱；很喜欢
lovely
[?l?vl?]
a.
美好的，可爱的
9.
luck
[l?k]
n.
运气，好运
lucky
[?l?k?]
a.
运气好，侥幸
M
1.
marriage
[?m?r?d?]
n.
结婚，婚姻
married
[?m?r?d]
a.
已婚的
marry
[?m?r?]
v.（使）成婚，结婚
2.
memory
[?mem?r?]
n.
回忆，记忆
memorize
[?mem?ra?z]
v.
记忆
3.mental
[?ment(?)l]
a.
精神的；脑力的
mentally
[?ment?l?]
ad.
精神上；智力上
4.merciful
[?m??s?f?l]
a.
仁慈的；宽大的
mercy
[?m??s?]
n.
怜悯
5.mess
[mes]
n.
凌乱
messy
[?mes?]
a.
乱七八糟的
6.
mistake
(mistook，
mistaken)
[m?s?te?k]
n.
错误
vt.
弄错
mistaken
[m?s?te?k?n]
a.
错误的
7.
mix
[m?ks]
v.
混合，搅拌
mixture
[?m?kst??(r)]
n.
混合物
8.
move
[mu?v]
v.
移动，搬动，搬家
movement
[?mu?vm?nt]
n.
运动，活动
9.
modern
现代的
modernize
vt.使现代化
modernization
现代化
N
1.
nature
[?ne?t??(r)]
n.
自然，
性质，种类
natural
[?n?t??r(?)l]
a.
自然的
2.
nation
国家
national
国家的
nationality
国籍
3.
near
[n??(r)]
a.
近的
ad.
附近，邻近
prep.
在……附近，靠近
nearby
[?n??ba?]
a.
附近的
nearly
[?n??l?]
ad.
将近，几乎
4.
necessary
必需的
necessarily
必需地
necessity
n.
必需品
5.
nine
[na?n]
num.
九
ninth
[na?nθ]
num.
第九
6.
noise
[n??z]
n.
声音，噪声，喧闹声
noisily
['n??z?l?]
ad.
喧闹地
noisy
[?n??z?]
a.
喧闹的，嘈杂的
7.
normal
[?n??m(?)l]
n.&
a.
正常的（状态）
abnormal
反常的
normally
adv.正常地
8.
north
[n??θ]
a.北的；朝北的；从北来的
ad.向（在，从）北方
n.北；北方；北部
northern
[?n???(?)n]
a.
北方的，北部的
northwards
[?n??θw?dz]
ad.
向北
9.
novel
[?n?v(?)l]
n.
（长篇）小说
novelist
[?n?v?l?st]
n.
小说家
10.
nurse
[n??s]
n.
护士；保育员
nursery
[?n??s?r?]
n.
托儿所
nursing
[n??s??]
n.(职业性的）保育，护理
O
1.
operate[??p?re?t]
v.
做手术，运转；实施，负责，
经营，管理
operation
[?p??re??(?)n]
n.
手术，操作
operator
[??p?re?t?(r)]
n.
接线员
2.
oppose
[??p??z]
vt.
反对；反抗
opposite
[??p?z?t]
n.
相反，对面
a.
相反的，对面的
3.
organize
['?:g?naiz]
vt.
组织
organiser
(organizer)
['?:g?naiz?]
n.
组织者
organization
[??ɡ?na??ze??(?)n]n.
组织，机构
P
1.
pain
[pe?n]
n.
疼痛，疼
painful
[?pe?nf?l]
a.
使痛的，使痛苦的
paint
[pe?nt]
n.油漆
vt.油漆，粉刷，绘画
painter
[?pe?nt?(r)]
n.
绘画者，（油）画家
painting
[?pe?nt??]
n.
油画，水彩画
2.
part
[pɑ?t]
n.
部分；成分
partly
[?pɑ?tl?]
ad.部分地，在一定程度上
3.
patience
n.
容忍；耐心
patient
[?pe??(?)nt]
n.
病人，耐心的
4.
peace
[pi?s]
n.
和平
peaceful
[?pi?sf?l]
a.
和平的，安宁的
5.
perform
[p??f??m]
v.
表演，履行；行动
performance
[p??f??m]
n.
演出，表演
performer
[p??f??m?(r)]
n.
表演者，执行者
6.
person
[?p??s(?)n]
n.
人
personal
[?p??s?n(?)l]
a.
个人的，私人的
personnel
[p??s??nel]
n.
全体人员，职员
personally
[?p??s?n?l?]
ad.
就自己而言
7.physical
[?f?z?k(?)l]
a.
身体的；物理的
physician
[f??z??(?)n]
n.(有行医执照的)医生
8.
physicist
[?f?z?s?st]
n.
物理学家
physics
[?f?z?ks]
n.
物理（学）
9.
pleasant
[?plez?nt]
a.
令人愉快的，舒适的
please
[pli?z]
v.
请，使人高兴，使人满意
pleased
[pli?zd]
a.
高兴的
pleasure
[pli?zd]
n.
高兴，愉快
10.
poem
[?p???m]
n.
诗
poet
[?p???t]
n.
诗人
11.
poison
[?p??z(?)n]
n.
毒药
poisonous
[?p??z?n?s]
a.
有毒的，致命的
12.
pollute
[p??lu?t]
vt.
污染
pollution
[p??lu??(?)n]
n.
污染
13.
possess
[p??z??(?)n]
vt.
占有；拥有
possession
[p??ze?(?)n]
n.
所有，拥有；财产，所有物
14.
possibility
[p?s??b?l?t?]
vn.
可能，可能性
possible
[?p?s?b(?)l]
a.
可能的
15.
power
[?pa?d?(r)]
n.
力，动力，电力
powerful
[?pa??f?l]
a.
效力大的，强有力的，强大的
16.
practical
[?pr?kt?k(?)l]
a.
实际的，适用的
practice(s)e
[?pr?kt?s]
n.
练习
17.
prefer
[pr??f??(r)]
vt.宁愿（选择），更喜欢
preference
[?pref?r?ns]
n.
选择，趋向
18.
preparation
[prep??re??(?)n]
n.
准备
prepare
[pr??pe?(r)]
vt.
准备，预备，调制，配制
19.press
[?prez?d?nt]
vt.压，按
n.新闻界，出版社
pressure
[?pre??(r)]
n.
压迫，压力，压强
20.
probable
[?pr?b?b(?)l]
a.很可能，很有希望的
probably
[?pr?b?b(?)l?]
ad.
很可能，大概
21.
produce
[pr??dju?s；
(US)
-?du?s]
vt.
生产；制造
product
[?pr?d?kt]
n.
产品，制品
production
[pr??d?k?(?)n]
n.
生产；制造
22.
pronounce
[pr??na?ns]
vt.
发音
pronunciation
[pr?n?ns??e??(?)n]
n.
发音
23.
proper
[?pr?p?(r)]
a.
恰当的，合适的
properly
[?pr?p?l?]
ad.
适当地
24.
protect
[pr??tekt]
vt.
保护
protection
[pr??tek?(?)n]
n.
保护
25.
proud
[pra?d]
a.
自豪的；骄傲的
pride
[pra?d]
n.
自豪，骄傲
26.
puzzle
[?p?z(?)l]
n.
难题，（字、画）谜
puzzled
[?p?z(?)l]
a.
迷惑的，困惑的
R
1.
rain
[re?n]
n.
雨，雨水
vi.
下雨
rainy
[?re?n?]
a.
下雨的；多雨的
2.
real
[ri?l]
a.
真实的，确实的
reality
[r???l?t?]
n.
现实
realise
(美realize)
[?r??la?z]
vt.认识到，实现
really
v
[?r??l?]
ad.
真正地；到底；确实
3.
reason
[?ri?z(?)n]
vi.评理，劝说n.理由，原因
reasonable
[?ri?z?n?b(?)l]
a.
合乎情理的
4.
refusal
[r??fju?z(?)l]
n.
拒绝
refuse
[r??fju?z]
vi.
拒绝，不愿
5.
relate
[r??le?t]
vi.
有关；
涉及
relation
[r??le??(?)n]
n.
关系；
亲属
relationship
[r??le???n??p]
n.
关系
relative
[?rel?t?v]
n.
亲属，亲戚
6.
rely
[r??la?]
v.
依赖，依靠
reliable
[r??la??b(?)l]
a.
可信赖的，可依靠的
7.
religion
[r??l?d??n]
n.
宗教
religious
[r??l?d??s]
a.
宗教的
8.
require
[r??kwa??(r)]
vt.
需求；要求
requirement
[r??kwa??m?nt]
n.
需要；
要求；
必要的条件
9.
reservation
[rez??ve??(?)n]
n.
预定
reserve
[r??z??v]
n.
&
v.
储备；预定
S
1.sad
[s?d]
a.
（使人）悲伤的
sadness
[?s?dn?s]
n.
悲哀，忧伤
2.
safe
[se?f]
a.
安全的
n.
保险柜
safety
[?se?ft?]
n.
安全，保险
3.
sail
[se?l]
n.
航行
v.
航行，开航
sailing
[?se?l??]
n.
航海
sailor
[?se?l?(r)]
n.
水手，海员
4.
salt
[s??lt，
s?lt]
n.
盐
salty
[?s??lt?，
?s?lt?]
a.
盐的，咸的，含盐的
5.
scene
[s??n]
n.
（戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景，布景
scenery
[?si?n?r?]
n.
风景，景色，风光
6.science
[?sa??ns]
n.
科学，自然科学
scientific
[sa??n?t?f?k]
a.
科学的
scientist
[?sa??nt?st]
n.
科学家
7.
secure
[s??kj??(r)]
a.安心的，有把握的，牢靠的
security
[s??kj??r?t?]
n.
安全，平安
8.
serve
[s??v]
vt.
招待（顾客等），服务
service
[?s??v?s]
n.
服务
9.
settle
[?set(?)l]
vi.
安家，定居
settlement
[?set?lm?nt]
n.
新拓居地；（美）部落，村落
settler
[?setl?(r)]
n.
移居者，开拓者
10.sick
[s?k]
a.有病，患病的，（想）呕吐
sickness
[?s?kn?s]
n.
疾病
11.
silence[?sa?l?ns]
n.
安静，沉默
silent?sa?l?nt]
a.
无声的，无对话的
12.
simple[?s?mp(?)l]
a.
简单的，简易的
simplify[?s?mpl?fa?]
v.
使简化，使简易
simply
[?s?mpl?]
ad.简单地，(加强语气)的确
13.
skill
[ski?]
n.
技能，技巧
skilled
[ski?]
a.
熟练的；有技能的
skillful
[?sk?lf(?)l]a.
熟练，精湛的，灵巧的
skillfully
['skilfuli]
ad.
精湛地，巧妙地
14.
sleep
[sli?p]n.
睡觉
sleep
(slept，
slept)
[sli?p]
vi.
睡觉
sleepy
[sli?p]a.
想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的
15.smell
(smelt，
smelt
或-ed，-ed)
[smel]
v.
嗅，闻到；发气味
n.
气味
smelly
[?smel?]
a.
有臭味的，发出臭味的
16.smoke
[sma?l]
n.
烟
v.
冒烟；吸烟
smoker
[?sm??k?(r)]
n.
吸烟者
smoking
[?sm??k??]n.
吸烟，抽烟；冒烟
17.snow
[sn??]
n.
雪
vi.下雪
snowy
[?sn???]
a.
雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的
18.social
[?s???(?)l]a.
社会的；社交的
socialism
[?s????l?z(?)m]
n.
社会主义
socialist
[?s????l?st]
a.
社会主义的
society
[s??sa??t?]n.
社会
19.spirit
[?sp?r?t]n.
精神
spiritual
[?sp?r?t???l]a.
精神的；
心灵的
20.
strength
[stre?θ]
n.
力量，力气
strengthen
[?stre?θ(?)n]
vt.
加强，增强
strong
[str??；
(US)
str??ɡ]
a.
强(壮)的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的
21.
succeed
[s?k?si?d]
vi.
成功
success
[s?k?ses]
n.
成功
successful
[s?k?sesf?l]
a.
成功的，有成就的
22.
suffer
[?s?f?(r)]
vi.
受苦，遭受
suffering
[?s?f?r??]
n.
痛苦，苦难
23.
suggest
[s??d?est；
(US)
s?ɡ?d?est]
vt.
建议，提议
suggestion
[s??d?est?(?)n]
n.
建议
24.
sun
[s?n]
n.
太阳，阳光
sunny
[?s?n?]
a.
晴朗的；阳光充足的
25.
surround
[s??ra?nd]vt.
围绕；包围
surrounding
[s??ra?nd??]
a.
周围的
26.
survival
[s??va?v(?)l]
n.
存活，幸存
survive
[s??va?v]
v.生存，存活，幸免于难
T
1.
technical
[?tekn?k(?)l]
a.
技术的，工艺的
technique
[?tekn?k(?)l]
n.
技术；技巧，方法
technology
[tek?n?l?d??]
n.
技术
2.
thank
[θ??k]
vt.
感谢，致谢，道谢
n.
（复）感谢，谢意
thankful
[?θ??kf?l]
a.
感谢的，感激的
3.
theoretical
[θ???ret?k(?)l]
a.
理论的
theory
[θ???ret?k(?)l]
n.
理论
4.
thirst
[θ??d]
n.
渴；
口渴
thirsty
[?θ??st?]
a.
渴
5.
tire
[?ta??(r)]
vi.
使疲劳
tired
[?ta??d]
a.
疲劳的，累的
tiresome
a.
令人厌倦的
6.
total
[?t??t(?)l]
a.
总数的；总括的；完全的，全然的
n.合计，总计
v.合计为
totally
[?t?t(?)l?]
ad.
总合地，完全地
7.
tour
[t??(r)]
n.
参观，
观光，
旅行
tourism
[?t??r?z(?)m]
n.
旅游业；观光
tourist
[?t??r?st]
vn.
旅行者，观光者
8.
tradition
[tr??d??(?)n]
n.
传统，风俗
traditional
[tr??d??(?)n]
a.
传统的，风俗的
9.
train
[tre?n]
n.
火车
v.
培训，训练
trainer
[tre??n?(r)]
n.
训练人；教练
training
[?tre?n??]
n.
培训
10.
translate
[tr?ns?le?t]
vt.
翻译
translation
[tr?ns?le??(?)n]
n.
翻译；译文
translator
[tr?ns'leit?]
n.
翻译家，译者
11.
travel
[?tr?v(?)l]
n.&
vi.旅行
traveler
[?tr?v?l?(r)]
n.
旅行者
12.
treat
[tri?t]
vt.
对待，看待
treatment
[?tri?tm?nt]
n.
治疗，疗法
13.
trouble
[?tr?b(?)l]
vt.
使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦
n.问题，疾病，烦恼，麻烦
troublesome
[?tr?b(?)ls?m]
a.令人烦恼，
讨厌
14.
true
[tru?]
a.
真的，真实的；忠诚的
truly
[?tru?l?]
ad.
真正地，真实地
truth
[tru?θ]
n.
真理，事实，真相，实际
15.
type
[?ta?p]
vt.
打字
typist
[?ta?p?st]
n.
打字员
U
1.unfortunate
[?n?f??ld]
a.
不幸的
unfortunately
[?n?f??tj?n?tl?]
ad.
不幸地
2.
use
[ju?z]
n.&
vt.利用，使用，应用
useful
[?ju?sf?l]
a.
有用的，有益的
useless
[?ju?sl?s]
a.
无用的
user
[?ju?z?]
n.
使用者；用户
3.
usual
[?ju????l]
a.
通常的，平常的
usually
[?ju????l?]
ad.
通常，经常
4.
valuable
[?v?lj??b(?)l]
a.
值钱的，贵重的
value
[?v?lju?]
n.
价值，益处
V
1.variety
[v??ra??t?]
n.
种种，种类
various
[?ve?r??s]
a.
各种各样的，不同的
2.
violence
[?va??l?ns]
n.
暴力行为
violent
[?va??l?nt]
a.
暴力的
3.
violin
[va???l?n]
n.
小提琴
violinist
[va???l?n?st]
n.
提琴家，提琴手
4.
visit
[?vi?z?]
n.&
vt.
参观，访问，拜访
visitor
[?v?z?t?(r)]
n.
访问者，参观者
5.
wait
[we?t]
vi.
等，等候
waiter
[?we?t?(r)]
n.
（餐厅）男服务员
waitress
[tres]
n.
女服务员
6.
warm
[w??m]
a.
暖和的，温暖的；热情的
warmth
[w??mθ]
n.
暖和，温暖
7.
weak
[wi?k]
a.
差的，弱的，淡的
weakness
[?wi?kn?s]
n.
软弱
8.
wealth
[welθ]
n.
财产，财富
wealthy
[?welθ?]
a.
富的
9.
week
[wi?k]
n.
星期，周
weekday
[?wi?kde?]
n.
平日
weekend
[wi?k?end，
?wi?kend]
n.
周末
weekly
[?wi?kl?]
a.
每周的
10.
weigh
[we?]
vt.
称…的重量，重（若干）
weight
[we?t]
n.
重，重量
11.
wind
[w?nd]
n.
风
windy
[?w?nd?]
a.
有风的，多风的
12.
wisdom
[?w?zd?m]
n.
智慧
wise
[wa?z]
a.
聪明，英明的，有见识的
13.
wonder
[?w?nd?(r)]
v.
对…疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道
n.
惊讶，惊叹；奇迹
wonderful
[?w?nd?f?l]
a.
美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了
14.
wood
[?w?nd?f?l]
n.木头，木材，(复)树木，森林
wooden
[?w?d(?)n]
a.
木制的
15.
woo
[w?l]
l
n.
羊毛，羊绒
woollen
['wulin]
a.
羊毛的，羊毛制的
16.
work
[w??k]
n.
工作，劳动，事情
vi.
工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动
workday
['w?:kdei]
n.
工作日
worker
[?w??k?(r)]
n.
工人；工作者
workforce
['w?:kf?:s]
n.
劳动力
workmate
['w?:kf?:s]
n.
同事；工友
workplace
[w??kple?s]
n.工作场所，车间
works
[w??ks]
n.
著作，作品
17.
worried
['w?r?d
/'w?-]
a.
担心的，烦恼的
worry
[?w?r?]
n.&
v.烦恼，担忧，发怒，困扰
18.
worth
[w??θ]
a.
有…的价值，值得…的
worthless
[?w??θl?s]
a.没有价值，没有用的
worthwhile
[w??θ?wa?l]
a.
值得做的
worthy
[w??θ?wa?l]
a.
值得的
题组一
基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The
customer
thought
for
a
moment，but
didn’t
respond
because
he
didn’t
want
to
start
an
________
(argue).
2.You
can
________
(large)
your
vocabulary
if
you
keep
on
memorizing
some
new
words
every
day.
3.Some
think
that
studying
abroad
can
________
(broad)
their
horizons.
4.That
little
act
of
________
(kind)
made
everyone
who
saw
it
feel
good—but
it
made
me
feel
the
best
of
all!
5.Just
imagine
how
terribly
shy
I
was
the
moment
I
thought
of
that
with
so
many
eyes
fixed
upon
me.
I
had
no
other
________
(choose)，though.
6.So
________
(excite)
was
I
that
I
couldn’t
wait
to
try
my
hand
at
riding
it.
7.Luckily，she
was
not
badly
________
(injure)
and
we
sent
her
to
the
nearest
hospital.
8.A
man
________
(immediate)
rushed
to
the
girl
to
give
her
first
aid
and
I
joined
in
without
hesitation.
9.They
made
his
restaurant
a
very
popular
place.
Today，potato
chips
are
one
of
Americans’
________
(favor)
foods!
10.You
see，there
were
always
a
great
number
of
tourists
visiting
the
shops，so
I
could
always
find
someone
________
(interest)
to
talk
with.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.We
are
growing
wonderfully
tomatoes
at
no
cost!
2.The
teachers
here
are
kind
and
helpfully.
3.Interesting，it
had
a
connection
by
the
British
porcelain(瓷器)industry.
4.In
some
places
you
may
borrow
as
more
books
as
you
need，but
in
others
you
are
limited
to
a
certain
number
of
books.
5.We
decided
not
to
climb
the
mountains
because
it
was
raining
hardly.
6.The
Emperor
opened
his
eyes
widely
but
still
saw
nothing.
7.I
am
awfully
tiring，but
I
know
I’ll
never
fall
sleep.
8.I
found
the
test
difficult，but
I
tried
hardly
to
do
it.
9.Before
waiting
for
about
half
an
hour，I
was
beginning
to
get
impatiently.
10.I
remember
my
grandfather
very
much.
题组二
能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇填空
The
speech
seemed
to
be
__1__(stop)
and
the
listeners
became
very
__2__(patient).
When
the
__3__(speak)
said
that
oil
was
non－renewable
and
that
the
best
way
to__4__(solution)
the
problem
was
not
to
make
cars
and
buses
but
to
force
people
to
go
to
work
or
school
on
foot，the
audience
thought
it
was
__5__(practice)
and
__6__(bear)
to
listen
to
him
any
longer.
They
__7__(believe)
that
the
world
would
go__8__(smooth)
without
these
modern__9__(transport).
They
also
thought
that
the
speaker
was
__10__(responsible)
to
make
such
a
__11__(state)without
thinking
it
__12__(careful)
and
his
speech
would
cause
some
__13__(understand).
So
most
of
the__14__(listen)chose
to
leave，shouting
loudly
and__15__(angry).
Ⅱ.语法填空
My
English
teacher
was
very
tall.
The
moment
she
1.________
(enter)
the
class,
we
would
all
sit
2.________
(quiet)
and
open
the
books.
She
would
encourage
me
by
giving
me
important
assignments
and
also
morning
news
to
read
during
the
assembly.
She
would
come
down
and
listen
to
my
English
debate
(辩论),
3.________
made
me
take
part
in
all
debate
competitions.
4.________
same
was
true
of
my
biology
and
science
teacher.
She
was
very
nice
and
sweet.
She
would
always
give
me
extra
information
on
the
biology
project.
I
could
not
go
to
the
lab
for
experiments,
so
she
would
bring
the
lab
down
and
help
me
with
the
biology
and
science
5.________
(experiment)
and
would
give
me
excellent
marks.
My
friends
made
me
monitor
and
the
naughty
boys
listened
to
me.
My
friends
used
to
help
me
with
my
notes
when
I
was
6.________
(absence).My
teachers
always
gave
me
important
project
work
and
I
felt
proud
when
they
patted
me
7.________
the
back
after
I
finished
it
quickly
and
correctly.
I
was
never
shouted
at
or
made
fun
of
or
scolded
by
any
of
my
friends
and
teachers.
Today
I
often
see
the
terrible
punishments
8.________
(give)
to
students
on
TVs.I
feel
very
sad.
I
really
want
to
express
my
love
and
thanks
to
all
my
wonderful
teachers
and
friends.
Without
them
my
school
life
would
not
9.________
(be)
so
excellent
and
10.________
(forget).
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019年新课标卷II·语法填空）But
then
we
got
an
official
letter
and
we
were
blown
away.
We
are
so
proud
of
her.
It's
___70___
(wonder).
2.（2019年新课标卷III·语法填空）When
they
were
free
from
work，they
invited
us
to
local
events
and
let
us
know
of
an
interesting
___66___(compete)to
watch，together
with
the
story
behind
it.
3.（2018年新课标卷II·语法填空）This
switch
has
decreased
___66___
(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
4.（2018年新课标卷II·语法填空）According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
___67___
(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
5.
（2018年浙江卷·语法填空）The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
___62___(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
There
could
be
an
even
___63___
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
___64___(weigh)
problems.
6.（2017年新课标卷I·语法填空）However,
be
69
(care)
not
to
go
to
extremes.
7.（2017年新课标卷II·语法填空）This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
___69___
(introduce)
of
electric-powered
engines
and
lifts.
The
central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
___70___(success)
of
these
new
lines,
and
was
opened
in
1900.
8.(2017·新课标I卷改编)Trying
to
help
injured,
displaced
or
sick
creatures
can
be_________(
heartbreak).
9.
(2017·新课标I卷改编)The
homeowner
was
very
_________(help).
A
wire
basket
was
found.
I
put
some
pine
branches
into
the
basket
to
make
this
nest
safe
and_________(
comfort).
I
placed
the
chick
in
the
nest,
and
it
_________(quick)
calmed
down.
10.
(2017·新课标I卷改编)If
anyone
had
told
me
three
years
ago
that
I
would
be
spending
most
of
my
weekends
camping,
I
would
have
laughed_________(
heart).
11.
(2017·新课标I卷改编)While
high
school
does
not
_________(general)
encourage
students
to
explore
new
aspects
of
life,
college
sets
the
stage
for
that
_________(explore).
12.
(2017·新课标II卷改编)The
_________(friend)
that
grew
out
of
the
experience
of
making
that
film
and
The
Sting
four
years
later
had
its
root
in
the
fact
that
although
there
was
an
age
_________(differ),
we
both
came
from
a
tradition
of
theater
and
live
TV.
题组一
基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.argument
2.enlarge
3.broaden
4.kindness
5.choice
6.excited
7.injured
8.immediately
9.favorite
10.interesting
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.wonderfully
→
wonderful
2.helpfully
→
helpful
3.Interesting
→
Interestingly
4.more→
many
5.hardly
→
hard
6.widely
→
wide
7.tiring
→
tired
8.hardly
→
hard
9.impatiently
→
impatient
10.much
→
well/clearly
题组二
能力提升
Ⅰ.语篇填空
1.nonstop
2.impatient
3.speaker
4.solve
5.impractical
6.unbearable
7.disbelieved
8.smoothly
9.transportations 10.irresponsible
11.statement
12.carefully
13.misunderstandings 14.listeners
15.angrily
Ⅱ.语法填空
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师和朋友们对作者的帮助。
1.entered
【解析】考查动词的时态。上文是一般过去时，所以这里需用过去式。
2.quietly
【解析】考查副词。这里应该用副词修饰动词sit，表示安静地坐着，quiet为形容词，此处应用quietly。
3.which
【解析】考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句，又是指代前面一整句话的，所以只能用关系词which。
4.The
【解析】考查固定搭配。“The
same
is
true
of…”为固定表达。
5.experiments
【解析】考查名词复数。由上文可知，这里的experiment应该用复数形式。
6.absent
【解析】考查形容词。be
absent意为“缺席，不在”，这里需用形容词。
7.on
【解析】考查介词。pat
on
the
back“拍打背”，为固定搭配，所以这里用介词on。
8.given
【解析】考查非谓语动语。punishments与give之间为被动关系，see
sth
done表示“看见某物被……”，所以这里需用过去分词。
9.have
been
【解析】考查虚拟语气。该句是虚拟语气，并表示对过去的虚拟，所以主句需用would
have
done。
10.unforgettable
【解析】考查形容词。forget是“忘记”的意思，这里的意思是学校生活是精彩的，是无法忘记的，所以需用unforgettable。
题组三
体验真题
1.wonderful
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
2.competition
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to
watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
3.pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has
decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
4.global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer
consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
5.62.
affordable。
【解析】此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63.
higher。
【解析】此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
64.
weight。
【解析】此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
6.careful
【解析】句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。
7.
69.introduction
【解析】考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.
70.successful
【解析】考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.
8.
heartbreaking
9.
helpful;
comfortable;
quickly
10.
heartily
11.
generally;
exploration
12.
friendship;
difference考点10
进行时
进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
考向一
现在进行时
一、构成：am/is/are
+
动词的-ing形式
二、现在进行时的用法：
1.
表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Our
friends
are
waiting
for
us
outside
now.
我们的朋友们在外面等我们。
What
are
you
doing?
你在干什么？
He
is
playing
basketball
now.
他正在打篮球。
2.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
She
is
learning
English
at
college.
她在大学学英语。
Lucy
is
studying
law
while
her
sister
is
doing
physics.
露西学习法律，她姐姐学习物理。（动作在说话时不一定正在进行）
3.
某些短暂性动词，如come,
go,
start,
open,
close,
arrive,
return,
begin,
leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
My
father
is
coming
to
see
me
this
Saturday.
父亲这个星期六来看我。
He
is
leaving
for
Beijing
next
week.
下周他要去北京。
4.
某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。
I’m
forgetting
English.
我的英语快忘记了。
She
is
losing
her
eyesight.
她的视力在慢慢地丧失。
5.
表示刚刚过去的动作：（动词为某些表示说话的词：tell，talk，say等）
Believe
it
or
not,
I
am
telling
the
truth.
不管你信不信，我说的都是实话。
I
don’t
know
what
you
are
talking
about.
我不知道你们在说什么。
6.
表示某种感彩：与频度副词（always,
continually,
constantly,
for
ever）连用。
He
is
always
complaining
about
the
house.
他总是抱怨这间房子。
She
is
continually
finding
fault
with
me.
她总是对我吹毛求疵。
7.
表示婉转语气：（仅限hope,
wonder等少数词。）
I
am
hoping
you
will
give
us
some
advice.
我希望你会给我们一些建议。
I
am
wondering
if
you
can
help
us.
我想知道你能否帮我们。
三、
下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。
②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong
to等。
③表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。
④表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。
四、??现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
??①暂时性动作和经常性动作
??The
computer
is
working
perfectly.
??计算机运转得很好。（暂时）
??The
computer
works
perfectly.
??计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
??②持续性动作和短暂性动作
??The
bus
is
stopping.
??车停了下来。（渐渐地）
??The
bus
stops.?车停了。（迅速）??
??③暂时性动作和永久性动作
??She
is
living
in
the
country.
??她现在住在农村。（暂时）
??She
lives
in
the
country.
??她住在农村。（永久）
??④有感彩和没有感彩
??He
is
doing
well
at
school.
??他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
??He
does
well
at
school.
??他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
【名师点睛】
常见考法：1.
和被动语态放在一起考查；2.
现在进行时表示一般将来；3.
现在进行时表抱怨、批评、赞扬的用法。误区提醒1.
对用现在进行时表示一般将来的动词不熟悉；2.
与被动语态结合起来考查时容易出错；3.
辨别不出是在表示抱怨、赞扬等，因此不敢用现在进行。
1.
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)My
washing
machine
___________this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.
was
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
is
being
repaired
D.
has
been
repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
2.—Mr.
Jordan,
we
want
to
hear
your
opinion
about
the
current
NBA
games.
—OK,
I
to
that.
A.am
coming
B.
have
come
C.
came
D.
come
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。英语中有一部分动词用进行时表示将来。常见的有:come,
go,
leave,
arrive,
stay等。
3.—Hi,
let’s
go
skating.
—Sorry,
I’m
busy
right
now.
I
___________
in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
A.
fill
B.
have
filled
C.
am
filling
D.
will
fill
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一个新工作申请表。根据句意可知，我正在填表。故用现在进行时。
考向二
过去进行时
1.
概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
2.
过去进行时的构成：助动词be的过去式形式（was,
were）+
现在分词
否定形式：was
/
were
+
not
+
doing
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首
3.
过去进行时的用法：
（1）表示过去某一时刻，或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I
was
having
a
bath
when
the
phone
rang.
我正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。
She
was
writing
letters.
I
didn’t
want
to
disturb
her.
她在写信。我不想打扰她。
（2）表示过去习惯性、经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。
In
those
days,
Tom
used
to
get
up
at
9:00,
but
that
week,
he
was
getting
up
at
5:00
every
day.
（3）过去进行时经常和always，constantly，forever，continually等频度副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。
He
was
always
playing
tricks
on
me.
他老是捉弄我。
He
was
constantly
changing
his
mind.
他老是改变主意。
She
was
forever
complaining.
她老是抱怨。
（4）表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。
Four
of
them
were
coming
for
Sunday
lunch.
他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。
Her
daughter
was
going
to
a
summer
camp
the
following
day.
她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。
（5）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。
He
told
me
to
wake
him
up
if
he
was
sleeping.
I
will
let
you
know
when
Mary
is
arriving.
（6）动词
hope,
wonder
等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I
was
wondering
if
you
could
give
me
a
lift.
我不知道您能不能让我搭一下车。
I
was
thinking
it
might
be
a
good
idea
to
keep
the
window
open.
我看还是把窗户开着的好。
注意：
一般过去时也有类似用法，区别在于：一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
（7）过去进行时用于虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的主观臆想，与事实相反的情况。
She
wishes
that
she
were
coming
with
us
tomorrow.
她希望明天和我们一起来。（对将来的虚拟）
I
wish
that
they
were
not
talking
so
loudly.
我希望他们不要说话那么大声。（对现在的虚拟）
注意：
当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去时，而表示较长时间的动作用过去进行时。
4．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
??①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
??She
wrote
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
?
?她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
??She
was
writing
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.?
??她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
??②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
??She
waved
to
me.??她朝我挥了挥手。
??She
was
waving
to
me.她不断地朝我挥手。
??The
boy
jumped
up
and
down.这男孩跳了一下。
The
boy
was
jumping
up
and
down.这男孩不停地跳着。
1.
（2018·北京卷·单项填空）Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.
is
working
B.
was
working
C.
has
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had
quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when
I
visited
her
last
year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
2.（2016·北京卷·单项填空）Jack
___________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，要用过去进行时，故选C。
3.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
____________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】
A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。
考向三
将来进行时
1.
定义：将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
2.
基本结构：主语+will
be/be
going
to
be
+doing
I
will
be
sleeping
at
12:00
p.m.
十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I
will
be
studying
in
university
at
the
age
of
20.
我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
3.
用法：
（1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。
What
will
you
be
doing
at
this
time
next
Monday?
下周一的这个时候你会做什么？
When
he
comes
to
my
house
tomorrow,
I
will
be
writing
the
report.
明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。
（2）表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
I
wonder
if
it
will
still
be
raining
this
afternoon.
我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。
I
think
that
she
will
be
working
on
this
experiment
until
next
morning.
我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。
（3）表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
Tomorrow
I
will
be
flying
to
Bombay.
明天我将飞往孟买。
After
you
take
the
medicine,
you
will
be
feeling
much
better.
吃完药后，你会感觉好很多。
（4）表示委婉的请求。
When
shall
we
be
meeting
again?
我们什么时候能再见面？
（5）表示原因。
Please
come
tomorrow
afternoon.
Tomorrow
morning
I’ll
be
having
a
meeting.
请明天下午过来。明天早上我将有一个会议。
（6）表示结果。
Stop
the
child
or
he
will
be
falling
over.
快阻止那个孩子，要不然他会摔跤的。
（7）表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）
My
duties
will
end
in
July,
and
I’ll
be
returning
to
Beijing.
七月我将结束工作，返回北京。
Jane
can’t
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
___________
a
class
at
that
time.
A.
will
teach
B.
would
teach
C.
has
taught
D.
will
be
teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at
that
time指代at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，要用将来完成时。故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语以及that
time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选出正确的答案。
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.—Is
it
convenient
for
you
to
go
shopping
with
me
tomorrow
morning?
—I’m
afraid
not.
I
___________
then.
A.
will
have
a
meeting
B.
am
about
to
have
a
meeting
C.
am
having
a
meeting
D.
will
be
having
a
meeting
2.—Mr
Foster,
were
you
at
home
when
Justin
disappeared
last
night?
—No,
I
___________
that
night
on
my
road
construction
job.
A.
was
working
B.
had
worked
C.
would
work
D.
had
been
working
3.—Could
you
attend
the
lecture
about
city
development
tomorrow
afternoon?
—Sorry,
I
___________
to
Paris
for
a
Chinese
silk
exhibition
then.
A.
will
be
flying
B.
will
fly
C.
fly
D.
am
flying
4.—Hi,
Susan,
where
were
you
at
lunch
time?
I
___________
a
seat
for
you
in
the
coffee
shop.
—Sorry,
but
my
science
class
ran
longer
than
usual.
A.
had
saved
B.
have
saved
C.
am
saving
D.
was
saving
5.—Excuse
me,
are
you
listening
to
me?
—Sorry,
I
___________
about
the
exam
we
will
have
tomorrow.
A.
thought
B.
was
thinking
C.
am
thinking
D.
think
6.
At
present,
many
new
workers
___________
and
in
six
months
they
will
be
sent
to
build
a
new
railway.
A.
are
being
trained
B.
are
training
C.
will
train
D.
will
be
trained
7.
—I
feel
scared,
sir.
—Don’t
worry.
I
___________
outside
your
house
tonight
___________
any
emergency.
A.
will
be
staying；in
control
of
B.
am
about
to
stay；in
case
of
C.
am
about
to
stay；in
control
of
D.
will
be
staying；in
case
of
8.
I
think
we
should
accept
that
offer,
for
we
___________
such
bad
luck
up
till
now
and
time
___________.
A.
have；is
run
out
B.
have
had；is
running
out
C.
have
had；is
run
out
D.
have；is
running
out
9.
—Have
you
received
a
reply
to
your
job
application?
—No.
I
___________.
A.
waited
B.
am
waiting
C.
have
waited
D.
had
been
waiting
10.
You
probably
can’t
get
much
sleep
if
you
live
near
___________
a
wedding
reception
___________.
A.
the
place；is
being
held
B.
the
place
where；has
been
held
C.
where；is
being
held
D.
which；has
been
held
题组二
能力提升
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式
After
David’s
daughter
was
born,
he
decided
to
make
one
million
dollars.
He
thought
in
this
way
his
daughter
would
live
1
happy
life.
In
order
to
achieve
his
goal,
David
devoted
most
2
his
time
to
his
business.
While
other
fathers
3
(play)
with
their
kids
outside,
he
was
working.
While
other
fathers
were
reading
stories
to
their
kids,
he
was
hanging
out
with
his
clients.
His
little
daughter
4
(name)
Jane
hardly
saw
him.
Time
flew
fast.
One
day,
when
David
returned
home
from
work,
he
saw
Jane
5
(sit)
in
the
living
room.
6
she
saw
him,
she
ran
to
him
and
asked
him
to
play
with
her
for
a
while.＂Sorry,
Jane,
but
I’m
7
(terrible)
busy
tonight.
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.＂
He
was
about
to
leave
when
he
heard
Jane
crying.
So
he
stopped
and
asked
why.
＂You’re
always
working.
You
have
no
time
for
me
at
all.
You
are
not
a
good
dad,＂
Jane
said.
David
was
8
(lose)
in
thought
after
hearing
that.
He
remembered
why
he
worked
so
hard
—
he
wanted
Jane
to
live
a
happy
life.
However,
things
are
against
his
wishes.
He
9
(teach)
a
good
lesson
that
day.
Therefore,
he
made
题组三
体验真题
1.(2016·北京)Jack
________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
2.(2015·浙江)Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
A.
has
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
going
to
be
D.
was
3.(2015·湖南)He
must
have
sensed
that
I
________
him.
He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly,
"Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that?"
A.
would
look
at
B.
looked
at
C.
was
looking
at
D.
am
looking
at
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.
D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——明天早上你方便和我去购物吗？——恐怕不方便。那时我将正在开会。表示将来某个时间或某段时间正在做某事，用将来进行时。故选D。
2.
A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——Mr.
Foster，昨晚Justin失踪的时候你在家吗？——不在，那晚我一直在做公路建筑工作。这句话的时间是that
night，而且是整晚一直做某事，用过去进行时。故选A。
3.
A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？——对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。then指代的就是tomorrow
afternoon，在将来的某一个时间正在做某事用将来进行时，故A项正确。
4.
D
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，＂占位子＂就是在＂午饭期间＂发生的，当时Susan还在上课，所以＂占位子＂要用过去进行时态。故选D。
5.
B
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰一下，你在听我说话么？——不好意思，我刚才正在想明天考试的事情。由句意可知，说话时第二个人的思路已经被第一个人的话语打断，因此此处强调刚才正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，故B项正确。
6.
A
【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：现在，很多新员工正在接受培训，六个月后他们将被派去修新的铁路，故选A。
7.
D
【解析】考查将来进行时和介词短语。句意：——我感到害怕，先生。——别担心。我今晚会一直待在你房子外面以防有任何紧急事件。第一空用将来进行时表示将来某个或某段时间一直进行的动作；第二空用in
case
of
以防。故选D。
8.
B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。up
till
now=so
far是＂到目前为止＂的意思，是现在完成时的标志；run
out意思是＂用光，用尽＂，无被动。此句用现在进行时态表将来。故选B。
9.
B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——你收到工作申请的回复了吗？——没有。我一直在等。根据语境可知，工作申请已经发出，还没有收到回复。因此推断wait是说话当时存在的动作。表示现阶段存在的动作或状态，用现在进行时。故选B。
10.
C
【解析】考查宾语从句和动词的时态。句意：如果你住的地方离一直举办婚宴的地方较近的话，你极可能得不到足够的睡眠。第一空如果视为先行词加定语从句的话，应为a/the
place
where；此处也可视为near的宾语从句，where在宾语从句中充当地点状语。现在进行时可表示最近一段时间一直发生的事情或持续的状态。根据句意及句子成分分析可知选C。
题组二
能力提升
1.
a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他认为，这样他的女儿将过上幸福的生活。live
a
/
an...
life为固定短语，意为＂过着……的生活＂，所以填a。
2.
of
【解析】考查介词。句意：为了实现他的目标，David把大部分时间都奉献在自己的生意上。most
of
...为固定短语，意为＂大多数……＂，所以填of。
3.
were
playing
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：当其他的爸爸们在外面和他们的孩子玩耍的时候，他在工作。根据句意可知，该动作正在进行；又根据时态一致原则可知要用过去进行时。
4.
named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的名字叫Jane的小女儿几乎看不到他。根据句意可知，该空作daughter的后置定语，daughter和name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。
5.
sitting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。see
sb
doing
sth为固定短语，意为＂看见某人正在做某事＂。故此处应填sitting。
6.
When
【解析】考查连词。句意：当她看见他，她跑过去，请求他陪她玩一会儿。根据句子的结构和逻辑关系可知，前半句是时间状语从句，故应填When，表示＂当……的时候＂。
7.
terribly
【解析】考查副词。此处修饰形容词busy，故填副词terribly。
8.
lost
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：听了那些话之后，David
陷入思考。be
lost
in意为＂沉迷于……＂，故填lost。
9.
was
taught
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：那天女儿给他上了很好的一课。根据句意可知主语he与teach为动宾关系，所以应用被动语态；时间状语是that
day，用一般过去时。故填was
taught。
10.
decision
【解析】考查名词。make
a
decision为固定短语，意为＂做决定＂。故填decision。
题组三
体验真题
1.C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
2.C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will
的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
3.C
【解析】句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must
have
sensed和glanced
at可知是过去进行时，故选C考点09
一般时
【复习建议】
1.
了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2.
熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3.
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
do
/
does
did
shall/will
do
should/would
do
进行时
am/is/are
doing
was/were
doing
shall/will
be
doing
should/would
be
doing
完成时
have/has
did
had
did
shall/will
have
did
should/would
have
did
完成进行时
have/has
been
doing
had
been
doing
shall/will
have
been
doing
should/would
have
been
doing
考向一
一般现在时
1.
表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The
geography
teacher
told
us
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan
lies
to
the
east
of
China.
日本位于中国的东方。
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.
太阳东升西落。
2.
表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，once
a
week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He
takes
a
walk
after
supper
every
day.
他每天晚饭后散步。
My
mother
works
at
the
same
company
as
my
father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We
always
care
for
each
other
and
help
each
other.
我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
3.
表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr
Smith
hates
fish
and
never
eats
any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary
speaks
both
English
and
French
very
well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4.
表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The
plane
takes
off
at
10:00
a.m.
飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow
is
Wednesday.
明天是星期三。
5.
在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We
will
have
to
put
off
the
sports
meeting
if
it
rains
tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I
can’t
leave
unless
my
boss
agrees.
除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
注意：
if
条件状语从句中可用shall
或will
表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If
you
will
accept
my
invitation
and
come
to
our
party,
my
family
will
be
pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。
【巧学妙记】
一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
___70___
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three
are
declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar
bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）When
summer
came,
they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
vegetables！
【答案】将came改为comes
【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
3.
（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Fast
food
___67___
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
68
（eating）
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast
food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4.
（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）Sarah
says,
＂My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.
But
at
the
moment,
school
69
(come)
first.
I
don’t
want
to
get
too
absorbed
in
modeling.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
5.
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）
People______
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
A.
will
have
B.
have
C.
had
D.
had
had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
考向二
一般过去时
1.
表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last
year，in
1995，the
other
day等作时间状语。
It
was
a
terrible
piece
of
work
you
turned
in
yesterday.
你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He
came
to
work
here
two
weeks
ago.
他两周前来这儿上班的。
2.
表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When
I
was
a
child,
I
often
played
football
in
the
street.
我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever
the
Browns
went
during
their
visit,
they
were
given
a
warm
welcome.
Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3.
用于固定句型中。
It
is
time
you
went
to
bed.
到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d
rather
you
came
tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
4.
wish,
wonder,
think,
hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I
thought
you
might
have
some.
我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry,
I
didn’t
see
the
sign
over
there.
对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5.
在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He
said
he
would
not
go
if
it
rained.
他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6.
有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,
think,
expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I
didn’t
expect
to
meet
you
here.
我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I
thought
he
had
heard
the
news.
我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法：
1.
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；
2.
没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；
3.
as
if
/as
though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
【巧学妙记】
一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
___________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.
would
fall
B.
had
fallen
C.
has
fallen
D.
fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had
arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
2.
（2018·新课标I卷·单项填空）During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
（加the）countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
I
find
a
big
change
there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During
my
last
winter
holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
3.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）Before
getting
into
the
car,
I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor’s
orders,
so（改为but/yet）
once
I
started
the
car,
my
mind
goes
blank,
I
forgot
what
he
had
said
to
me
altogether.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
4.
（2017·新课标卷II·语法填空）Later,
engineers
___68___(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels
(隧道）,
which
became
known
to
the
tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
5.
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）—______
that
company
to
see
how
they
think
of
our
product
yesterday?
—Yes.
They
are
happy
with
it.
A.
Did
you
call
B.
Have
you
called
C.
Will
you
call
D.
Were
you
calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？——打了，他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去时，故选A。
考向三
一般将来时
1.
一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow,
soon或短语next
year
/
week
/
month,
in
a
few
days,
in
the
future,
sometime
做状语。如：
What
will
you
do
this
afternoon.
你今天下午干什么？
We
will
have
a
meeting
tomorrow.
我们明天要开会。
He
is
going
to
study
abroad
next
year.
明年他要出国学习。
2.
一般将来时的结构及应用
(1)
shall
/
will
+
动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：
What
shall
we
do
if
he
doesn’t
come?
如果他不来，我们该怎么办？
Will
you
be
free
this
evening?
今天晚上有空吗？
I
think
he
will
tell
us
the
truth.
我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。
(2)
be
going
to
+
动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：
We
are
going
to
have
a
meeting
to
discuss
the
matter
this
evening.
今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。
Look
at
the
black
clouds
over
there.
I
think
it
is
going
to
rain
soon.
看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。
There
is
going
to
be
an
English
evening
this
week.
本周要举行一个英语晚会。
(3)
be
to
+
动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如：
Who
is
to
clean
the
classroom
today?
今天该谁打扫教室了？
When
are
you
to
return
your
library
book?
你什么时候要还图书？
The
bridge
is
to
be
completed
by
the
end
of
this
year.
这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。
(4)
be
about
to
+
动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：
Don’t
leave.
Li
Lei
is
about
to
come.
不要走了，李蕾就要来了。
Be
quiet.
The
concert
is
about
to
start.
安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。
(5)
be
+现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come,
go,
leave,
arrive,
begin,
start,
stop,
close,
open,
die,
join,
borrow,
buy等。如：
Go
ahead,
and
I’m
coming.
走前面一点吧，我就来。
The
dog
is
dying.
那条狗要死了。
Hurry
up.
The
shop
is
closing.
快点，商店就要关门了。
(6)?
一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：
Don’t
hurry.
The
meeting
starts
at
a
quarter
past
eight.
不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。
The
bus
goes
back
at
four
thirty.
汽车四点返回。
1.—Dr.
Jackson
is
not
in
his
office
at
the
moment.
—All
right.
I___________
him
later.
A.
will
call
B.
have
called
C.
call
D
will
be
calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.
Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
2.
More
expressways
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
A.
are
being
built
B.
will
be
built
C.
have
been
built
D.
had
been
built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，且此处表示被动，故选择B。句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。
3.As
you
go
through
this
book,
you
________
that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
War
II
had
a
different
experience.
A.
will
find
B.
found
C.
had
found
D.
have
found
【答案】A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As
you
go
through
this
book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。
4.
Unless
some
extra
money________,
the
theatre
will
be
close.
A.
was
found
B.
finds
C.
is
found
D.
found
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则，剧院就倒闭了。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
【名师点睛】本题考查一般现在时表将来和被动语态。Unless引导条件状语从句。表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来。如：
You
will
fail
to
arrive
there
in
time
unless
you
start
earlier.
除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。
I’ll
follow
him
wherever
he
goes.
他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever
you
say,
I
won’t
pay.
无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。
Whether
we
help
him
or
not,
he
will
fail.
无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。
The
more
you
eat,
the
fatter
you
will
become.
你吃得越多就会越胖。考生要注意归纳总结。
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.
In
the
Himalayas,
large
tracks
have
been
discovered
which
some
people
say
___________
the
Wild
Man.
A.
belonging
to
B.
belong
to
C.
are
belonging
to
D.
to
belong
to
2.
Frank
___________
stamps
in
his
spare
time.
It’s
his
hobby.
A.
is
collecting
B.
collects
C.
collected
D.
was
collecting
3.
Honesty
___________
an
important
role
in
a
child’s
ability
to
succeed
in
school
and
later
life.
A.
played
B.
plays
C.
had
played
D.
has
played
4.
The
dictionary
still
___________
where
I
___________
it
moment
ago.
A.
lies；lay
B.
lied；lay
C.
laid；laid
D.
lies；laid
5.
Different
types
of
teas
___________
by
skilled
tea-tasters
before
appearing
in
the
Tea
Trade
Centre.
A.
are
tasted
B.
were
tasted
C.
tasted
D.
have
tasted
6.
Mary
cleverly
met
the
customer’s
requirements
that
you
___________
to
deal
with,
so
she
won
the
competition.
A.
failed
B.
fail
C.
may
fail
D.
must
fail
7.
My
TV
had
just
been
repaired,
so
I
___________
to
the
pub
to
watch
the
World
Cup
final
match
last
night.
A.
needn’t
had
gone
B.
didn’t
need
to
go
C.
needn’t
have
gone
D.
mustn’t
have
gone
8.
—My
boss
went
to
Beijing
on
business
and
___________
me,
a
green
hand,
___________
the
company.
—He
really
believes
in
you!
Don’t
let
him
down.
A.
left；in
the
charge
of
B.
had
left；in
the
charge
of
C.
left；in
charge
of
D.
had
left；in
charge
of
9.
—Hi,
Michael,
I
heard
you
just
came
back
from
a
holiday.
—Yes,
I
___________
for
a
week
in
China
and
5
days
in
India.
A.
stayed
B.
have
stayed
C.
stay
D.
would
stay
10.
—She’s
upset
for
what
you
said.
—I
___________.
A.
don’t
mean
any
harm
B.
didn’t
mean
to
hurt
her
C.
don’t
mean
to
hurt
her
D.
didn’t
mean
hurting
her
题组二
能力提升
短文改错
Yesterday
was
my
father’s
birthday.
We
made
many
preparation
for
it.
Early
in
the
morning,
my
mother
and
I
set
off
for
the
department
store
to
find
gift
for
Father.
We
chose
very
careful,
eventually
a
warm
sweater
caught
our
eye
but
was
purchased.
To
showing
my
love
for
my
father,
I
made
a
birthday
cake
under
the
help
of
my
mother.
In
the
evening,
we
got
together
to
celebrate
her
birthday.
With
candles
lit,
we
sang
Happy
Birthday
out
loud
and
clapped,
that
made
the
room
alive
with
the
sound
of
cheering.
Then
we
take
a
family
photo
to
record
the
happy
moment.
When
I
saw
tears
of
joy
in
Father’s
eye,
I
was
filled
in
with
a
feeling
of
accomplishment
and
happiness.
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Picking
up
her“Lifetime
Achievement”award，proud
Irene
___64___(declare)
she
had
no
plans
__to
retire__
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
2.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）Our
hosts
shared
many
of
their
experiences
and___65___(recommend)wonderful
places
to
eat，shop，and
visit.
For
breakfast，we
were
able
to
eat
papaya(木瓜)and
other
fruits
from
their
trees
in
the
backyard.
3.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65（than）
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
4.（2018·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）True
to
a
gorilla's
unaggressive
nature,
the
huge
animal
____69____(mean)me
no
real
harm.
5.I
still
remember
59
visiting
(visit)
a
friend
who’d
lived
here
for
five
years
and
I
60
(shock)
when
I
learnt
she
hadn’t
cooked
once
in
all
that
time.
6.（2016·全国新课标卷III﹒语法填空）Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
49
(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
7.【2016·全国新课标卷III﹒短文改错）They
always
tell
me
what
to
do
and
how
to
do
it.
8.（2016·江苏）More
efforts,
as
reported,
________in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.
will
be
made
C.
are
being
made
D.
have
been
made
9.
（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
10.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He’s
been
informed
that
he
____________
for
the
scholarship
because
of
his
academic
background.
A.
hasn’t
qualified
B.
hadn’t
qualified
C.
doesn’t
qualify
D.
wasn’t
qualifying
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.
B
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：在喜马拉雅，大型踪迹已经被发现，一些人说这些踪迹是属于野人的。which引导定语从句，指代large
tracks，在从句中作say后面的宾语从句的主语，空处是谓语，排除A、D两项；belong
to不能用进行时，排除C项。故选B。
2.
B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Frank在他的空闲时间收集邮票。这是他的爱好。根据＂It’s
his
hobby＂可知，这是Frank经常做的事情，用一般现在时，故选B。
3.
B
【解析】考查时态。句意：诚实对于一个孩子能否在学业上和以后的生活中取得成功起着重要的作用。这句话是客观事实用一般现在时。故选B。
4.
D
【解析】考查动词。句意：那本字典仍然在刚才我放的地方。第一空表示＂位于＂，应用动词lie；第二空表示＂摆放＂，应用lay，其过去式是是laid，故选D项。
5.
A
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：在出现在茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas和taste是被动关系，而且这句话表示客观事实，用一般现在时。故选A。
6.
A
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：Mary聪明地满足了你没有应付得来的顾客的要求，所以她赢得了比赛。that引导的是定语从句，不是同位语从句，不能用虚拟语气，根据Mary
cleverly
met可知用一般过去时。故选A。
7.
B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我的电视已经被修好了，所以昨晚我没有必要去酒吧看世界杯决赛。因为时间是last
night，这句话的谓语用一般过去时。故选B。
8.
C
【解析】考查时态和介词短语。该句中动词leave和went是并列的谓语动词，时态应一致，故用left；in
the
charge
of＂由某人负责＂，表被动意义；in
charge
of＂负责＂，表主动意义，结合句意，应是＂我负责公司＂，故选C项。
9.
A
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：——你好，Michael，我听说你刚刚度假回来。——是的，我在中国待了一周，在印度待了五天。根据语境，Michael度假回来了，在中国一周是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故选A。
10.
B
【解析】考查动词时态以及动词的用法。句意：——你所说的让她有些难过。——我不是有意伤害她的。mean
to
do
sth意为＂打算做某事＂，mean
doing
sth意为＂意味着做某事＂；再根据语境可判断出此处应用一般过去时，故选B。
题组二
能力提升
Yesterday
was
my
father’s
birthday.
We
made
many
?for
it.
Early
in
the
morning,
my
mother
and
I
set
off
for
the
department
store
to
find
gift
for
Father.
We
chose
very
,
eventually
a
warm
sweater
caught
our
eye
was
purchased.
To
my
love
for
my
father,
I
made
a
birthday
cake
the
help
of
my
mother.
In
the
evening,
we
got
together
to
celebrate
birthday.
With
candles
lit,
we
sang
Happy
Birthday
out
loud
and
clapped,
made
the
room
alive
with
the
sound
of
cheering.
Then
we
a
family
photo
to
record
the
happy
moment.
When
I
saw
tears
of
joy
in
Father’s
eye,
I
was
filled
with
a
feeling
of
accomplishment
and
happiness.
第一处：preparation改成preparations
make
preparations
for意为＂为……做准备＂。故把preparation改成preparations。
第二处：在find后面加a
gift是可数名词，这里泛指＂一个礼物＂，用不定冠词，gift是辅音音素开头的单词。故在find后面加a。
第三处：careful改成carefully
修饰动词chose用副词。故把careful改成carefully。
第四处：but改成and
由语境可知，这里是递进关系而不是转折关系，故把but改成and。
第五处：showing改成show
这里是不定式作目的状语。故把showing改成show。
第六处：under改成with
with
the
help
of意为＂在……帮助下＂。故把under改成with。
第七处：her改成his
由上文＂my
father’s
birthday＂可知这是爸爸的生日，用his。故把her改成his。
第八处：that改成which
这里是非限制性定语从句，用which指代上文内容，在定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故把that改成which。
第九处：take改成took
本文的主体时态是一般过去时。故把take改成took。
第十处：去掉in
be
filled
with意为＂充满了＂。故去掉in。
题组三
体验真题
1.B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had
以及said
可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
2.recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
3.is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
4.meant
【解析】分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
5.
was
shocked.
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was
shocked。
6.were
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
7.tell
→
told
【解析】考查时态。短文通篇都是在回忆过去的事情，使用的是一般过去时，故把tell改为told。
8.B
【解析】根据句中的时间状语in
the
years
ahead＂在未来几年中＂可知，本句应该使用一般将来时的被动语态。
9.C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
10.
C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify
for
sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。考点06
形容词和副词
考向一
形容词、副词的基本用法
1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。
After
the
long
journey，the
three
of
them
went
back
home，hungry
and
tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。
2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in
case等
He
is
old.
He
works
hard，though.
＝Though
he
is
old，he
works
hard.
虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。
3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等
Fortunately，he
was
not
drowned
and
was
saved
by
the
PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily
for
her，her
stepmother
was
kind
to
her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
4.can
not/never
与enough
或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。
—I
was
riding
alone
in
the
street
and
all
of
a
sudden，a
car
cut
in
and
knocked
me
down.
——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。
—You
can
never
be
too
careful
in
the
street.
—
—在大街上你越小心越好。
1.
________，she
is
the
sort
of
woman
to
spread
sunshine
to
people
through
her
smile.
A.
Shy
and
cautious
B.
Sensitive
and
thoughtful
C.
Honest
and
confident
D.
Lighthearted
and
optimistic
【解析】句意：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy
and
cautious
害羞的、小心的；sensitive
and
thoughtful
敏感的、多思的；honest
and
confident
诚实的、自信的。
【答案】
D
2.Jim
went
to
answer
the
phone.________，Harry
started
to
prepare
lunch.
A.
However
B.
Nevertheless
C.
Besides
D.
Meanwhile
【解析】句意：Jim
去接电话了。与此同时，Harry
开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。A.然而；B.虽然如此；C.除此之外；D.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的D。
【答案】
D
3.We
only
had
$100
and
that
was________to
buy
a
new
computer.
A.
nowhere
near
enough
B.
near
enough
nowhere
C.
enough
near
nowhere
D.
near
nowhere
enough
【解析】
句意：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。not
anywhere
near
或nowhere
near：far
from，not
at
all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。
【答案】
A
4.When
it
was
his
turn
to
deliver
his
speech，________，he
walked
towards
the
microphone.
A.
nervously
and
embarrassingly
B.
nervous
and
embarrassedly
C.
nervously
and
embarrassing
D.
nervous
and
embarrassed
【解析】该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He
lay
in
bed，awake.再如：Her
husband
came
back，drunk.
【答案】D
考向二
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
It
is
generally
believed
that
teaching
is
as
much
an
art
as
it
is
a
science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not
as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
The
work
is
not
as/so
difficult
as
you
imagine.
这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
3.＂the＋比较级＋of
the
two
＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。
The
taller
of
the
two
boys
is
my
brother.
两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a＋形容词比较级＋n.……
After
two
years’
research，we
have
a
far
better
understanding
of
the
disease.
研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。
We
went
to
the
USA
in
search
of
a
better
life.
为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。
5.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a
lot，a
little，a
great
deal，by
far，a
bit
等。
The
students
study
even
harder
than
before.
学生们学习比以前更努力了。
A
car
runs
a
great
deal
faster
than
a
bike.
汽车比自行车跑得快得多。
6.最高级
(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by
far，nearly，almost，by
no
means，not
really，not
quite，nothing
like。
The
bridge
being
built
now
is
by
far
the
longest
across
the
Yellow
River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。
I’d
like
to
buy
the
second
most
expensive
camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
(2)否定词＋比较级＝最高级。
There
is
no
greater
love
than
that
of
a
man
who
lays
down
his
life
for
his
friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
—Are
you
satisfied
with
what
he
said
at
the
meeting?
——你对他在会议上说的满意吗？
—No.
It
couldn’t
have
been
worse.
——不，不能再差了。
1.
（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists
have
responded
by
__noting__
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
___68___
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据其后than
they
actually
are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
2.
（2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）He
screams
the___63___(loud)of
all.
The
noise
shakes
the
trees
as
the
male
beats
his
chest
and
charges
toward
me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of
all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
3.
（2017·江苏卷·任务型阅读）The
birth
rate
in
the
21st
century
may
be
much
(71)______
than
it
was
in
the
20th.
【答案】lower
【解析】根据＂declining
birth
rate
could
be
a
defining
one
of
the
21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/
even/far/a
lot/
a
little等修饰比较级，故填lower。
4.
（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）As
65（a）
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
Even
66
(bad),
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
【答案】worse
【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
5.
Believe
it
or
not，swimming
is________as
any
to
lose
unwanted
weight.
A.
a
way
as
good
B.as
a
good
way
C.
as
a
way
good
D.as
good
a
way
【解析】
考查固定短语。as...as表示＂和……一样＂，固定表达方式有＂as＋adj./adv.＋as＂＂as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as＂等。
【答案】
D
6.
—Do
you
think
that
the
11th
Chinese
National
Games
were
a
success?
—Yes，________！It
couldn’t
be
________.
A.
relatively；better
B.
approximately；worse
C.
absolutely；better
D.
fortunately；worse
【解析】本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively
相对地，比较地；approximately
大约；absolutely
当然是，绝对正确；fortunately
幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。
【答案】
C
【巧学妙记】
形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀1.
比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。
2.
同级比较：同级比较用原形，as...
as永不离；as...
as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not
so...
as，后强前弱不看齐。【妙语诠释】
①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the；②同级比较一般用as...
as表示＂与……一样＂，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not
so...
as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为＂不如……＂。
【难点释疑】
比较级表示最高级含义
1.
比较级+than
any
other+可数名词单数
The
Changjiang
River
is
longer
than
any
other
river
in
China.
在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
2.
比较级+than
all(the)
other+可数名词复数
China
is
larger
than
all
the
other
Asian
countries.
中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
3.
no/never/nothing...+比较级
Nothing
is
more
valuable
than
time.
时间比任何东西都珍贵。
4.
＂否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词＂或＂否定词+副词的比较级＂表示＂从未……；未曾……＂
This
film
is
very
moving.
I
have
never
seen
a
better
one.
这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。
考向三
倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型：
(1)A
is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A
is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A
is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height
等)＋of＋B
(4)A
is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A
is＋倍数＋what
引导的名词性从句
①This
building
is
three
times
higher
than
that
one.
This
building
is
three
times
as
high
as
that
one.
This
building
is
three
times
the
height
of
that
one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
②The
output
of
this
year
is
3
times
that
of
2008.
＝The
output
of
this
year
is
3
times
what
it
was
in
2008.
今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
③After
the
new
technique
was
introduced，the
factory
produced
twice
as
many
cars
in
2008
as
the
year
before.
自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
1.
When
you
study
the
local
map，you’ll
find
this
town
is________.
A.
twice
the
size
of
that
one
B.
twice
as
a
large
town
as
that
C.
twice
as
larger
as
that
one
D.
twice
as
larger
a
town
as
that
【解析】句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A
is
＋倍数＋the＋名词(如size/length)＋of
B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。
【答案】A
2.
Peter’s
jacket
looked
just
the
same
as
Jack’s，but
it
cost________his.
A.as
much
twice
as
B.
twice
as
much
as
C.
much
as
twice
as
D.as
twice
much
as
【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。
【答案】B
3.My
uncle’s
house
in
the
downtown
area
is
much
smaller
than
ours，but
it
is
twice________expensive.
A.as
B.
so
C.
too
D.
very
【解析】
考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是＂twice＂，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了＂as...as...＂这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as
ours。
【答案】A
考向四
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)
→出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a
small
round
table
a
tall
gray
building
a
dirty
old
brown
shirt
a
famous
German
medical
school
an
expensive
Japanese
sports
car
Tony
is
going
camping
with
___________
boys.
A.
little
two
other
B.
two
little
other
C.
two
other
little
D.
little
other
two
【解析】由＂限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)
--性质--名词＂的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。
【答案】C
【巧学妙记】多个形容词修饰一个名词的先后位置的口诀?：限定描绘大长高，?形状年龄和新老；?颜色国籍跟材料，?作用类别往后靠。其中，＂限定词＂包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both?my?hands、all?half?his?income等。＂描绘＂性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。＂大长高＂表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示＂形状＂的词如：round?square等。＂国籍＂指一个国家或地区的词。＂材料＂的词如：wooden,?woolen,?stone,silk等。＂作用类别＂的词如：medical,?college，writing?desk，police?car等。?
考向五
形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1.
late
和later
He
is
late.
He
is
half
an
hour
late.
他迟到了，迟到了半小时。
Three
minutes
later,
he
arrived.
三分钟后，他来了。
2.
pleased,
pleasing与pleasant
（1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at,
with。例如：
I'm
pleased
to
see
you
here.
在这儿见到你很高兴。
She's
pleased
with
our
programme.
她对我们的节目很满意。
（2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“giving
pleasure”。例如：
My
sister's
progress
in
dancing
is
pleasing.
我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The
baby
has
a
pleasing
voice.
这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
（3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如：
The
girl
has
a
pleasant
childhood.
这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To
have
a
pleasant
holiday
is
my
favorite.
过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3.
living,
alive与live
（1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：
Not
all
living
things
live
on
sunlight.
并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My
grandparents
are
still
living.
我的祖父母仍然健在。
（2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
He
may
be
the
busiest
person
alive.
他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is
that
sheep
dead
or
alive?
那头羊是死了还是活着？
（3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：
You
seem
very
much
alive
today.
你今天看起来很活跃。
（4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。
The
programme
is
live./The
programme
is
broadcast
live.
这个节目是现场直播的。
4.
worth，worthy与worthwhile
（1）worth意为“值得的”，后接v-ing形式，构成“be
worth
doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；
（2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“be
worthy
of+名词（或being
done）”结构或“be
worthy
to
be
done”结构。
（3）be
worthwhile
to
do
sth/doing
sth例如：
This
coat
is
worth
one
hundred
yuan.
这件上衣价值一百元。
This
problem
is
worthy
of
being
discussed.
这个问题值得讨论。
5.
too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。
Are
they
coming
too
?
他们也来吗?
She
is
young
and
beautiful,
and
also
rich.
她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。
He
hasn’t
finished
it,
either.
他也还没有做完。
6.
likely与possible,
probable
likely
的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。
This
strange
grass
never
seen
before
seems
____to
be
a
new
plant.
A.
likely
B.
possibly
C.
probably
D.
particularly
【解析】句意：这种从未见过的草可能是一种新植物。主语是This
strange
grass，可以排除B、C两项，D项不符合句意。故选A
【答案】A
7.
most
与mostly
most做形容词或代词，如：most
students,
most
of
us；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。如：
考向六
几组难点句型详解
句型1：A
is
倍数＋the
size/length/weight/height…of
B.如：
The
newly
broadened
square
is
four
times
the
size
of
the
previous
one.
新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。
句型2：A
is
to
B
what
C
is
to
D.
意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：
Engines
are
to
machines
what
hearts
are
to
animals.
发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
句型3：can't
be
too＋adj.
＝
can't
be＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越……
如：
You
can
never
be
careful
enough.＝
You
can
never
be
too
careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
句型4：too…to句型的两个意义
(1)
表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能”。如：
This
question
is
too
hard
for
me
to
understand.
这个问题对我来说太难理解了。
(2)
表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy，ready,
eager,
inclined,
willing,
thankful,
delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all,
but,
only等词时，形成only
/but/all
too…to
do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：
I’m
too
glad
to
hear
that.
我对此感到非常高兴。
题组一
基础过关
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—Are
you
satisfied
with
the
result
of
the
exam?
—Not
at
all.
I
can’t
have
a
________
(bad)
one.
2.How
________
(disappoint)
it
was
to
have
missed
the
train!
3.Of
the
two
boys，Jim
is
the
________
(young)
one，and
he
is
also
the
one
who
loves
to
be
noisy.
4.Ten
years
ago
the
population
of
our
village
was
twice
as
________
(large)
as
that
of
theirs.
5.Although
parents
should
take
good
care
of
their
young
children，they
don’t
________
(necessary)
do
anything
for
them.
6.Mr.Zhang
once
taught
in
a
remote
village
in
Anhui
Province
as
a
volunteer，which
was
________
(access)
only
on
foot.
7.It
is
difficult
to
cross
the
desert
by
car，but
not
________
(absolute)
impossible.
8.—Did
your
boss
help
you
with
the
vital
task?
—No，he
allocated
each
of
us
our
jobs
and
then
went
out
for
something
________
(important).
9.At
that
time
I
knew
it
had
to
be
a
significant
day
to
them.
Nothing
could
be
________
(good)
if
someone
offered
to
help
them.
10.You
are
driving
too
fast.
Can
you
drive
a
bit
________
(slowly)?
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.It
is
said
the
young
man
is_______
to
flee
to
foreign
country
because
of
the
campaign
against
him.
A.
possible
B.
maybe
C.
probable
D.
likely
2.He
was
_______
when
he
lost
all
his
money.
Luckily,
a
kind
man
helped
him
generously.
A.
desperate
B.
optimistic
C.
eager
D.
cautious
3.Mr.
Black
has
made
great
achievements
in
science,
but
he
remains
_______
and
never
talks
about
them.
A.
silent
B.
modest
C.
calm
D.
active
4.There
are
no
______
proposals
to
reduce
the
road
accidents.
We
are
still
seeking
inspiration.
A.
contradictory
B.
concrete
C.
confidential
D.
controversial
5.Among
______
writers
in
the
world,
only
a
few
will
become
famous
later
on
in
life,
and
______writer
is
Mo
Yan,
who
has
received
the
Nobel
Prize
for
literature
recently.
A.so
much;
such
a
B.
many
such;
such
one
C.so
many;
one
such
D.so
many;
such
one
6.In
many
countries,
it
is
a______
practice
to
offer
guests
tea
or
coffee.
A.
common
B.
ordinary
C.
normal
D.
regular
7.I
have
never
heard
such
an
_____story,
which
really
makes
me
___________.
A.
interested;
exciting
B.
interesting;
excited
C.
interesting;
to
excite
D.
interested;
to
excite
8.The
factory
produced
______
in
2014
as
the
year
before.
A.
twice
as
many
cars
B.
cars
twice
as
many
C.
twice
more
cars
D.
twice
so
many
cars
9.When
I
_______
all
the
experiences
that
I
have
had
around
the
world
since
_______
Doctors
without
Borders,
I
feel
that
I
have
been
very
lucky
to
be
able
to
help
others
and
do
something
______.
A.
think
back
to;
joining
in;
worthy
B.
think
over;
joining;
worthwhile
C.
think
back
to;
joining
in;
worthwhile
D.
look
back
on;
joining;
worthwhile
10.Extra
lessons
on
Sundays
put_______
pressure
on
students,
who
already
have
________
homework.
A.
many;
much
of
B.
more;
many
of
C.
more;
piles
of
D.
many;
numbers
of
II.语篇填空
Some
time
ago，a
friend
of
mine，who
worked
in
a
part
of
the
city
I
didn't
know
very
__1__(good)，invited
me
to
call
on
him.
It
took
me
hours
to
get
there
and
I
took
__2__
(greatly)
trouble
to
find
a
proper
spot
to
park
my
car.
As
I
was
already
three－quarters
of
an
hour
late，I
parked
my
car
__3__(quick).
At
noon，just
as
I
was
leaving
my
friend's
office，it
__4__(sudden)
struck
me
that
I
had
no
idea
where
I
had
parked
my
car.
I
could
__5__(hard)
go
up
to
a
policeman
and
tell
him
that
I
had
lost
a
small
green
car
somewhere!
Walking
down
street
after
street，I
examined
each
car
__6__(close)
and
was
very
happy
to
see
a
small
green
car
just
behind
an
old
car.
But
how
__7__(disappoint)
I
was
to
discover
that
though
the
car
was
__8__(exact)
like
my
own,
it
belonged
to
someone
else！Feeling
quite
__9__(tire)
now，I
went
off
for
lunch.
Some
time
__10__(late)，I
left
the
restaurant
and
walked
down
the
street.
Turning
the
corner，I
nearly
jumped
for
joy:
my
car
was
right
in
front
of
me,
and
there
was
no
problem
this
time.
III.语法填空
Born
in
1983
in
Arizona,
US,
Jessica
has
learned
to
live
a
life
on
her
feet.
She
was
born? 1 arms,
and
no
doctors
could
figure
out
why.
There
were
many
questions
at
the
time
about? 2 Jessica
would
be
able
to
live
a
"normal"
life.
However,
Jessica’s
father
has
said
he
never
shed
a
tear
about
her
birth
condition.
He
had
full
confidence
in
her
potential.
With
the
support
of
her
parents
and
family,
Jessica
became
confident
in? 3 (she)as
an
adult
and
continued? 4 (explore)
the
world
with
her
feet.
As
a
child,
Jessica
studied
dance
in
her
hometown.
When
the
first
performance
arrived,
she? 5 (ask)
to
be
put
in
the
back
row.
Her
dance
teacher
told
her
there
was
no
back
row.
She
took
the
stage? 6 (nervous)with
the
other
students
and
performed
her
routine.
When
she
finished,
the
applause
(掌声)
from
the
audience
gave
her? 7 (encourage)
and
the
confidence
to
continue
dancing
for
14
more
years.
After
graduation
from
high
school,
Jessica
attended
the
University
of
Arizona,? 8 she
earned
a
bachelor’s
degree
in
psychology.
When? 9 (talk)
about
her
degree,
she
frequently
explains
how
psychology
argues
that? 10 way
people
think
has
a
greater
impact
on
their
lives
than
their
physical
conditions.
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app-backed
gyms
offer
people
___________
options
to
exercise.
A.
casual
B.
regular
C.
flexible
D.
tight
2.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
___62___
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
3.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Her
years
of
hard
work
have
___63___(final)been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated(提名)her
to
be
Cheshire's
Woman
Of
The
Year.
4.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
___61___
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
(get)there.
It
was
in
the
middle
of
Pearl
City.
5.
（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）And,
even
if
I
weren’t
43
enough
about
free
credits,
news
about
our
instructor
was
appealing
enough
to
me.
A.
excited
B.
worried
C.
moved
D.
tired
6.
（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）The
bay
was
45
in
sunshine,
and
there
was
a
group
of
kayakers
around
150m
off
the
shore.
Getting
a
little
46
,
I
realized
one
kayak（皮划艇）
was
in
trouble.
45.
A.
bathed
B.
clean
C.
deep
D.
formed
46.
A.
faster
B.
closer
C.
heavier
D.
wiser
7.
（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）A
taste
for
meat
is
___63___
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.
8.
（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.
keen
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious
D.
ready
9.
（2018·浙江卷·语法填空）The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
62
(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
There
could
be
an
even
63
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
10.
（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
61
(long)
than
non-runners.
11.（2016·上海卷·语法填空）Up
to
a
certain
point,
the
more
stress
you
are
under,
the
(35)
___________(good)
your
performance
will
be.
12.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
___________
in
the
coming
years.
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.
much
more
D.
many
more
题组一基础过关
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.worse
2.disappointing
3.younger
4.large
5.necessarily
6.accessible
7.absolutely
8.more
important
9.better
10.more
slowly
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.D
【解析】考查形容词。句意：据说这个年轻人可能会因为反对他的活动而逃往外国。be
likely
to
do
sth.是固定搭配，指“有可能做某事”；A、C两项作表语时，主语不为人；maybe是副词，“也许，可能”，“大概”，用法很简单，常用于句子开头，有时后边紧接着加一逗号，与后面的句子分开。表示一种可能性，可能发生某事（可能是这样），或可能不发生某事（可能不是某种情况）。
故选D。
2.A
【解析】考查形容词。desperate“绝望的”；optimistic“乐观的”；eager“急切的”；cautious“谨慎的”。结合语境，他丢了所有的钱，他感到绝望，故选A项。
3.B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：布莱克先生在科学上已经取得了巨大的成就，但他仍然很谦虚从不谈论它们。根据上文的“made
great
achievements”和下文“never
talks
about
them”可知，布莱克先生仍旧谦虚。A.
silent沉默的；B.
modest谦虚的；C.
calm镇静的；D.
active积极的。故选B。
4.B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：还没有具体的建议来减少道路交通事故的发生，我们仍在寻找灵感。A.
contradictory矛盾的；B.
concrete具体的；C.
confidential表示信任的；D.
controversial有争议的。故选B。?
5.C
【解析】考查形容词副词。句意：在世界上如此多的作家中，仅仅只有少数之后会变得很著名，莫言就是像这样的一个，他最近获得了诺贝尔文学奖。使用so
many
+可数名词复数；数字+
such+名词。故选C。
6.A
【解析】考查形容词。common“常见的”；ordinary“普通的”；normal“正常的”；regular“有规律的”。结合句意，在许多国家，给客人上茶或咖啡是常见的惯例，故选A项。
7.B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：我从没有听过这么有趣的故事，这真地让我兴奋。修饰物用interesting“有趣的”；修饰人用excited“感到兴奋的”。故选B。?
8.A
【解析】考查倍数的表达法。根据句意“这家工厂在2014年生产汽车的数量是上一年的两倍。”和倍数表达法的结构（即“……倍数+as
+many/much+名词+as……”）可知A项既符合句意又符合倍数表达法。故选A。
9.D
【解析】考查动词及形容词辨析。think
back
to/look
back
on回想过去，回忆起；think
over仔细考虑；join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一员”；join
in
sth.
/
doing
sth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing；worthy/worthwhile有价值的，可以作表语、定语。根据选项分析可知，由第一空可排除B选项；根据join与join
in的区别可排除AC选项，第二空处意为“自从加入到医生群体中后”。故选D。
10.C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：星期日额外的课程给本来已经有很多作业的学生更多的压力。pressure意为“压力”时是不可数名词，所以排除A和D项，homework是不可数名词，many
of
后面接可数名词，piles
of意为“一大堆的”，后面可以接不可数名词，故C项正确。
II.语篇填空
1.well
2.great
3.quickly
4.suddenly
5.hardly
6.closely
7.disappointed
8.exactly
9.tired
10.later
III.语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Jessica天生就没有胳膊，但是在父母和亲人的支持下，她成长为一个自信又乐观的人。人们思考的方式比现实的处境对人们的影响还大。
1.without
【解析】考查介词的用法和意义。without
意为"没有"，此处表示她天生就没有双臂。由上下文语境可推知答案。
2.whether
【解析】考查连词的用法和意义。表示"是否"的引导词用在介词后时，只可用whether，不可用if。此处表示不知她能否过正常的生活。
3.herself
【解析】考查反身代词的用法。主语是Jessica，介词后的宾语和主语指的是同一人，故用反身代词。
4.to
explore
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处存在continue
to
do结构，故填to
explore。
5.asked
【解析】考查动词时态。此处表示当演出开始时，她要求将她放在后排。由语境和上下文可知，这里应用一般过去时，不可用被动语态。
6.nervously
【解析】考查副词。此处修饰句中的动词took应用副词。
7.encouragement
【解析】考查词性转换。此处为give
sb.
sth.结构，故用名词。这里的encouragement
与后文的confidence并列，一起作gave的宾语。
8.where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句中先行词是the
University
of
Arizona，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
9.talking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是分词作状语。talk与其逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动。
10.the
【解析】考查冠词的用法。名词way
后有定语修饰，表示特指，故其前用定冠词。
题组三体验真题
1.C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A.
casual偶然的，随便的；B.
regular定期的，有规律的；C.
flexible灵活的；D.
tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
2.poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3.finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have
been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
4.so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
5.
A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited激动的；兴奋的；worried担心的；moved感动的；tired劳累的。故选A。
6.
45.A
考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A.
bathed沐浴；B.
clean清扫；C.
deep深处；D.
formed形成。故选A项切题。
46.B
考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现意外。A.
faster迅速的；B.
closer靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C.
heavier重的，沉重的；D.
wiser有智慧的；聪明的。故选B项切题。
7.
actually
考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
8.B
考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.
keen敏锐的；B.
reluctant不情愿的；C.
anxious渴望的；D.
ready准备好的。故选B。
9.
62.
affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63.
higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
10.
longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
11.better
【解析】考查固定句式。＂The+比较级,
the+比较级＂意为＂越……就越……＂。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better。
12.D
【解析】考查比较级。句意：我一直都很喜欢你组织的所有活动，我也希望能在未来的几年参加更多这样的活动。根据句意可知此处表示＂更多的活动＂，故选many
more，相当于many
more
events。
