考点01
冠词
【复习建议】
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
考向一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词有a和an
两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。
In
a
university，a
European
and
a
one-eyed
man
walked
along
a
one-way
road
with
a
useful
tool.
This
is
a
usual
thing.
在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
An
hour
ago，an
honest
man
accepted
an
unusual
gift
and
went
to
finish
an
honorable
task.
一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。
2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。
The
＂Chinese
Dream＂
is
a
dream
to
improve
people’s
well-being
and
a
dream
of
harmony，peace
and
development.＂中国梦＂是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When
the
Ashleys
tried
to
make
her
return，Mumbet
consulted
a
lawyer，Theodore
Sedgewick.
当
Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse
me，is
there
a
Mr
Tailor
living
in
the
neighborhood？There
is
a
parcel
for
him.
—Sorry，but
there
is
no
such
person
here.
——劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。
——对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。
5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。
She
didn’t
like
the
color
of
the
two
bags
and
asked
for
a
third
one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。
6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有＂每＂的概念。
The
medicine
is
to
be
taken
three
times
a
day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take
a
look看一看；have
a
try试一试。
You
had
better
go
to
the
factory
and
have
a
look.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a
waste
of浪费……；all
of
a
sudden突然地；as
a
rule通常。
It
hit
me
all
of
a
sudden
that
I
had
forgotten
her
birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。
典例
1.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
【答案】
Suddenly
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
almost
hit
me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
2.
（2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）As
the
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watching
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
【答案】the改为a
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。
3.（2017·新课标1卷语法填空）As
65
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as
a
result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
4.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
(rest).
Instead,
she
is
earning
?6500
a
day
as
62
model
in
New
York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指
＂一个＂，故填a。
5.
______prize
for
the
winner
of
the
competition
is
______two-week
holiday
in
Paris.
A.
The
;
不填
B.
A
;
不填
C.
A
;
the
D.
The
;
a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指＂获胜者的奖品＂，用定冠词，第二空是泛指＂一个两周的假期＂，用不定冠词a。故选A。
考向二 定冠词
1.用在名词前表示特指。
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes，as
you
know，the
party
went
on
in
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗？
——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Do
you
know
who
invented
the
telephone?
你知道是谁发明了电话吗？
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
Do
you
know
which
story
is
the
more
interesting
of
the
two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marco
Polo
is
said
to
have
sailed
on
the
Pacific
Ocean
on
his
way
to
Java
in
the
thirteenth
century.(2013·陕西)
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
Many
of
the
injured
are
still
in
danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.用在表示计量的名词前如by
the
hour，by
the
dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by
weight，by
height等。
—It’s
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$
60，000
a
year.
—Right，he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60
000美元的工作。
——是的，而且会按周获得报酬。
7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The
Whites
settled
down
in
Canada
last
year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the
east
东部
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
剖析
1.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）Everybody
wears___57___
same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
2.
（2017年新课标2卷短文改错）During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】
countryside前加the
【解析】句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
3.
（2017年新课标3卷短文改错）Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
which
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
【答案】
picture前加the或this
【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
4.Jane’s
grandmother
had
wanted
to
write
children’s
book
for
many
years,
but
one
thing
or
another
always
got
in
way.
A.
a;不填
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;the
D.
a;the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in
the
way
是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
考向三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。
Teachers
are
badly
needed
in
the
remote
districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
Dr.
Peter
Spence，headmaster
of
the
school，told
us，＂A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge.＂
这所学校的校长Peter
Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。
A
year
can
be
divided
into
four
seasons
—
spring，summer，autumn
and
winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
There
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He
became
a
doctor
while
his
brother
turned
teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
1.Dr.Peter?Spence,??____________headmaster?of?the?school,?told?us,?________?fifth?of?pupils?here?go?on?to?study?at?Oxford?and?Cambridge.??
A.?不填；A???????????
B.不填；The??????
C.?the;?The???????
D.?a;?A??
【答案】A??
【解析】句意为＂校长Peter?Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。＂headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a?fifth表示五分之一。选A。
2.Some?people?fear?that?________?air?pollution?may?bring?about?changes?in?_______?weather?around?the?world.???
A.?/;?the???????
B.?the;?/????
???C.?an;?the??????
??D.?the;?a??
【答案】A??
【解析】Air?pollution?是抽象名词这里是泛指，其前不用冠词；
weather?这里是特指全球的气候，?根据the?weather?around?the?world?可知答案为A
考向四
冠词的位置
1.
不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：
a.
位于下列形容词之后：
such，what，many，half，
I
have
never
seen
such
an
animal.
Many
a
man
is
fit
for
the
job.
b.
当名词前的形容词被副词as,
so,
too,
how,
however,
enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：
It
is
as
pleasant
a
day
as
I
have
ever
spent.
So
short
a
time.
Too
long
a
distance.
c.
quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。
但当rather，quite
前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite
a
lot
d.
在as，though
引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：
Brave
a
man
though
he
is，he
trembles
at
the
sight
of
snakes.
他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，
both，double，half，twice，three
times等词之后，名词之前。
All
the
students
in
the
class
went
out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
学习冠词的难点
一、在特殊情况下混用a和an
关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：
They
have
an
8-year-old
daughter.
他们有一个8岁大的女儿。(数字8在英语中读音与eight同，故其前用an，不用a;类似地，我们要说an
11-year-old
child，不能说a
11-year-old
boy。)
Our
daughter
sent
us
an
SOS
for
some
more
money.
我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。(字母s的读音为[es]，它的第一个音为元音，故其前要用an。)
二、＂星期＂名词前冠词的使用问题
表示＂星期＂的名词(如Monday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示＂特指＂可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的＂某一个＂，其前可用不定冠词。如：
＂When
can
I
have
my
birthday
party?＂
＂On
the
Saturday
nearest
to
it.＂
＂我的生日庆祝会在哪天举行?＂＂就在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂
Christmas
Day
falls
on
a
Monday.
今年的圣诞节是星期一。
You
won’t
catch
me
working
on
a
Sunday!
你绝对见不到我在星期日工作!
He
never
opens
up
shop
on
a
Sunday.
星期日他的商店从不营业。
We
had
a
card
from
her
on
the
Friday
after
she
got
back.
在她回去后的那个星期五我们收到了她的明信片。
＂When
can
I
have
my
birthday
party?＂
＂On
the
Saturday
nearest
to
it.＂
＂我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?＂＂在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂
三、＂三餐饭＂前冠词的使用问题
一般说来，表示一日三餐的
breakfast,
lunch,
supper前不用冠词。如：
Breakfast
is
served
until
9
a.m.
早餐一直供应到上午9点。
Can
you
manage
lunch
on
Tuesday?
你星期二能来吃午饭吗?
但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。如：
The
supper
is
well
cooked.
晚饭做得很好。
Thank
you
for
the
breakfast.
谢谢你的这顿早餐。
另外，若
breakfast,
lunch,
supper
受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。如：
We
make
a
good
breakfast
before
leaving.
我们动身前好好吃顿早饭。
I’ve
got
out
of
the
habit
of
having
a
cooked
breakfast.
我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。
After
a
quick
breakfast,
he
hurried
to
the
station.
匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。
We
were
well
primed
for
the
journey
with
a
large
breakfast.
为了去旅行,
我们早餐都吃得饱饱的。
典例
_______
walk
is
expected
to
last
all
day,
so
bring
_______
packed
lunch.
A.
A;
a
B.
The;
不填
C.
The;
a
D.
A;
不填
【答案】C
【解析】第一空填定冠词，表特指；第二空填不不定冠词，因为名词lunch前带有描给性修饰语，a
packed
lunch在此指＂打包的午餐＂。
四、冠词的非前位用法
限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。
1.Peter
won’t
drive
us
to
the
station.
He
has________
to
take
us
all.
A.
a
very
small
car
B.
too
small
a
car
C.
a
too
small
car
D.
such
a
small
car
【答案】B
【解析】C迷惑性较大，学生都学过too
+adj./adv.
+to…结构，但对于too
+adj.+n.?+to…结构不熟悉。
解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语一般正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意，如too+adj.
+a/an+n.。
2.Exercise
is
________
as
any
other
to
lose
unwanted
weight.
A.so
useful
a
way
B.as
a
useful
way
C.as
useful
a
way
D.
such
a
useful
way
【答案】C
【解析】错解分析：A、B迷惑性较大，so…as结构常用于否定句和疑问句，故不能选A、B。
解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词，但有些固定结构需注意，如：as+adj.
+a/an+n.?
【锦囊妙计】1.不定冠词用在quite，rather，many，half，what，much等词之后。例如：He
is
rather
a
fool.—What
did
you
think
of
the
concert？—Oh，it
was
quite
a
success.2.不定冠词用在so（as，too，how）+形容词之后。例如：She
is
as
clever
a
girl
as
you
can
wish
to
meet.It’s
too
difficult
a
book
for
us
to
read.注意：以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用＂an＂。例如：an
apple。即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头，但该词的读音是元音音素开头，加不定冠词时也要用＂an＂，例如：an
hour，an
honest
boy；反之，拼写以元音字母开头，但读音是辅音，加不定冠词时要用＂a＂，例如：a
university。3.so…that与such…that:①so…that和such…that都作＂如此……以致＂解，that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下：so②such…that和so…that有时可以换用，条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下：such
a/an+形容词+名词→so+形容词+a/an+名词。例如：He
is
such
a
good
student
that
we
all
like
him.→He
is
so
good
a
student
that
we
all
like
him。但是，如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用such，不能用so修饰。例如：It
was
such
bad
weather
that
he
had
to
stay
at
home。③如果复数名词前有many，few，不可数名词前有much，little等表示量的形容词时，应该用so而不用such。如：I’ve
had
so
many
falls
that
I’m
black
and
blue
all
over.Mr
White
got
so
little
money
a
month
that
he
could
hardly
keep
body
and
soul
together（维持生活）。但little不表示数量而表示＂小＂的意思时，仍用such。例如：They
are
such
little
children
that
they
cannot
clean
the
house
by
themselves.
题组一（真题在线）
1.（2016·浙江）______prize
for
the
winner
of
the
competition
is
______two-week
holiday
in
Paris.
A.
The
;
不填
B.
A
;
不填
C.
A
;
the
D.
The
;
a
2.（2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for
48
while,
exercising,
or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
3.（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）Unexpectedly,
I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at
____62____
top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream,
and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.
4.（2015··浙江）Jane’s
grandmother
had
wanted
to
write
children’s
book
for
many
years,
but
one
thing
or
another
always
got
in
way.
A.
a;不填
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;the
D.
a;
the
5.（2015·重庆）I
just
heard____
bank
where
Dora
works
was
robbed
by____
gunman
wearing
a
mask.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
/
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
6.（2014·重庆）I
can’t
tell
you
_______
way
to
the
Wilsons’
because
we
don’t
have
_______
Wilson
here
in
the
village.
A.
the;
a
B.
a;
/
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
/
7.（2014·天津）Life
the
like
________
ocean;
Only
________strong-willed
can
reach
the
other
shore.
A.
an;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
the
;/
D.
/
;
a
8.（2014·江西）They
chose
Tom
to
be
________captain
of
the
team
because
they
knew
he
was
_______smart
leader.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
a
9.（2014·陕西）________
village
where
I
was
born
has
grown
into
________
town.
A.
The;
a
B.
A;
the
C.
The;
the
D.
A;
a
10.（2014·浙江）The
paper
is
due
next
month,
and
I
am
working
seven
days
______
week,
often
long
into
______
night.
??A.
a;
the???????????????
B.
the;?不填?????????
C.
a;
a????????????????
D.?不填；the
题组二
1.Brian
is
gifted
in
writing
music;
he
is
very
likely
to
be
Beethoven.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.不填
2.—How
do
you
like
his
plan?
—It
may
be
great
in
________
theory,
but
how
will
it
work
in
________
practice?
A.
the;
the
B./;
/
C.
the;
/
D./;
the
3.We
have
every
reason
to
believe
that
________
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
be
________
great
success.
A./
;
a
B.
the;
/
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
a
4.Lily
owns
______
larger
collection
of
______
books
than
any
other
student
in
our
class.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
/
C.
a;
the
D./;
the
5.________
headmaster
Smith
is
quite
good
at
painting
and
it
is
said
that
he
is
_______
Picasso.
A.
The;
/
B./;a
C./;/
D.
The;
a
6.—What
______great
fun
it
is
to
play
with
computer
games!
—Don’t
you
think
it’s
_______waste
of
time?
A.
a;
a
B./;a
C./;
the
D.
the;
the
7.The
woman
has
________
complete
absence
of
small
talk.
As
a
consequence,
she
acted
as
if
she
hadn’t
recognized
me
and
didn’t
make
__________sound.
A./;
a
B.
a;
a
C.
the;/
D.
a;
the
8.
China
you
see
today
is
powerful
and
fast-developing
country,
quite
different
from
what
it
used
to
be.
A.
The;
a
B.
The;
the
??
C.
不填;
a
???
D.
不填;
the
9.In
1778,
Banks
was
elected
_______
president
of
the
Royal
Society,
_______position
he
held
for
42
years.
A./,
the
B.
the,
/
C.
the,
the
D./,
a
10.I
am
not
fond
of
______
music
very
much,
but
I
do
like
______
music
they
are
dancing
to.
A.不填;
不填
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
不填
D.不填;
the
题组三
语篇填空(用a/an/
the填空)
There
once
was
a
king
who
offered
__1__
prize
to
__2__artist
who
would
paint
__3__
best
picture
of
peace.
Many
artists
tried.
The
king
looked
at
all
__4__
pictures.
But
there
were
only
two
he
really
liked，and
he
had
to
choose
between
them.
One
picture
was
of
a
calm
lake.
The
lake
was
a
perfect
mirror
for
peaceful
high
mountains
all
around
it.
Overhead
was
a
blue
sky
with
fluffy
white
clouds.
All
who
saw
this
picture
thought
that
it
was
__5__
perfect
picture
of
peace.
The
other
picture
had
mountains，too.
But
these
were
rugged
(崎岖的)
and
bare.
Above
was
__6__angry
sky,
from
which
rain
fell
and
in
which
lightning
played.
Down
__7__side
of
the
mountain
tumbled
(翻腾)
a
foaming
(水泡)
waterfall.
This
did
not
look
peaceful
at
all.
But
when
the
king
looked
closely,
he
saw
behind
__8__
waterfall
a
tiny
bush
growing
in
a
crack
(裂缝)
in
the
rock.
In
the
bush
__9__
mother
bird
had
built
her
nest.
There,
in
the
midst
of
the
rush
of
angry
water，sat
the
mother
bird
on
her
nest—in
perfect
peace.
The
king
chose
__10__second
picture.
题组一
1.D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指＂获胜者的奖品＂，用定冠词，第二空是泛指＂一个两周的假期＂，用不定冠词a。故选D。
2.
a【解析】介词短语for
a
while意为＂一会儿＂，本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。
3.
the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
the
top
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
4.D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in
the
way
是固定搭配，意为＂挡道＂或＂阻碍＂。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
5.C
【解析】句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。
【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握
a
一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为＂任何一个，任一＂
。the
表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。
6.A【解析】去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多，不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。A项正确。
7.A【解析】句意：生活就像一片海；只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean海洋，是可数名词，又是元音开头，所以用an；strong-willed是形容词，前面用the
表一类。又如。the
injured伤员。故选A。
8.C
【解析】Captain后跟了个介词短语of
the
team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因此C选项正确。句意为＂
他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。＂
9.A【解析】考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句，故应是特指，用the；第二空表示一个城镇，故填不定冠词a。故选A。
10.A
【解析】第一空a表示＂每一＂；into
the
night到深夜；句意：我的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七天，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。
【名师点睛】考生做题时要保持清醒的头脑，准确猜摸出题人意图。week是普通的可数名词，就可以用a修饰，
into
the
night是约定俗成的短语，就算考试时考生不能详细阐述该理由，但是根据以往做题见到的句子、用法，可以发散思维，准确选出答案，没必要在考场死扣某一题原理，这在平时就需要大量的英语阅读、做题，才能厚积薄发。
题组二
1.
A
【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像……那样的人。故选择A。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。
2.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：——你觉得他的计划怎么样?——可能从理论上来说是很好，但在实践中它会起作用吗？in
theory＂理论上，从理论上看＂；in
practice＂在实践中；实际上＂。故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查冠词。这里特指2022年的冬季奥运会，所以用定冠词；success可以用作可数名词，指＂一个成功的人或一件成功的事＂。句意：我们有理由相信2016年的奥运会将会是成功的。故选C。?
4.B
【解析】考查冠词。＂a
collection
of
+名词的复数＂是常用结构，意为＂一批，一些；许多的＂；第二空后的名词泛指书籍，用a
larger
collection
of来修饰，指＂许多书＂，因此不用冠词。故选B。?
5.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：史密斯校长很擅长绘画，据说他是一个毕加索。headmaster,
monitor,
chairman等独一无二的官衔词做主语，表语，同位语时，前面不用冠词。Picasso在此语境中表示＂像毕加索一样的画家＂，是一个普通名词。故第二个空要填不定冠词a。B选项切题。?
6.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：——玩电脑游戏是多么有乐趣！——难道你不认为它是浪费时间吗？fun表示＂乐趣＂时是不可数名词，不需要冠词修饰，a
waste
of是固定搭配，表示＂浪费＂，故B项正确。
7.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：那个女人不太爱说话，所以见到我假装没认出来而且也没打招呼。have
a
complete
absence
of是固定搭配，意为＂缺乏＂；make
a
sound是固定搭配，是＂没出声＂之意。故选B。
8.A
【解析】考查冠词。第一空特指＂你现在看到的中国＂；第二空表示＂一个强大和快速发展的国家＂，表泛指。故选A。
?9.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：1778年，Banks当选为皇家学会的主席，这是一个他拥有了42年的职位。第一空的president意为＂主席＂，在表示职位、头衔的名词作主语补足语时，前面要用零冠词；第二空表示泛指，意为＂一个他拥有了43年的职位＂，用不定冠词a。故选D。?
10.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我不太喜欢音乐，但是我的确很喜欢他们伴舞的音乐。第一空后的music表示泛指，是不可数名词，不需要加冠词。第二空后的music后面有定语从句they
are
dancing
to修饰，特指他们伴舞的音乐，故用定冠词the修饰。故选D。
题组三
1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.a 6.an 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.the
【口诀助记】
泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；
物质抽象表“一场”，so加形容再跟“a”；
可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；
quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。
【口诀助记】
特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。
【口诀助记】
名词复数泛指人，冠词用法是个零。
专有、物质、抽象名，泛指时候冠不行。
含有day的节假日，不用冠词莫忘记。
季节月份星期几，不用冠词有道理。
三餐饭和打球前，不用冠词理当然。
名词前边已有代，不用冠词也无碍。
固定词组多注意，用与不用小心记。
称呼头衔不用冠，总共八条切莫乱。考点02
名词
【复习建议】
在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。
考向一
可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加－s
students，teachers，doc
tors，tables
以s，x，ch，sh结尾
加－es
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs
以辅音字母＋y结尾
变y为i再加－es
families，babies，armies，bodies
以元音字母＋y结尾
加－s
boys，toys，pianos，photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v，再加－es
thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives
少数加－s
beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
以o结尾
通常加－s
radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加－es
heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
注意：①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos
(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)
手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man
或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman
doctor→women
doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese
中国人；sheep
绵羊；deer鹿；series
系列；means
方式；works
工厂；fish
鱼；fruit
水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot脚，英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena medium传播媒介→media
5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
【答案】job改为jobs
【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
2.（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3.（2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last
winter
when
I
went
here（改为there）
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens
of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
4.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,
Asia’s
biggest
building,
and
fancy
new
hotels.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
61
(attract)...
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
69
(day)
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
70(the)
other
is
with
mum
—
she
never
suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。
形容词top后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
考向二
不可数名词具体化
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议，
furniture家具，
fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻，
weather天气，
progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your
contribution
will
certainly
make
the
event
a
huge
success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two
drinks
两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a
coffee一杯咖啡 chalk
粉笔→a
chalk
一支粉笔 hair
头发→a
hair
一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考向三
名词所有格
(1)－’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s
或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。
Tom’s
and
Jim’s
rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom
and
Jim’s
room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at
the
barber’s在理发店
at
the
teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the
content
of
the
novel小说的内容
the
name
of
the
girl
over
there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a
play
of
Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a
friend
of
mine(我的一个朋友)
1.
（2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday’s改为Friday。
2.The
village
is
far
away
from
here
indeed.
It’s
_________
walk.
A.
a
four
hour
B.
a
four
hour’s
C.
a
four-hours
D.
a
four
hours’
【答案】D
【解析】’s属格除了用在表示有生命的东西（人或物）的名词后，有时还用于某些无生命的名词（如表示时间的名词）后，一般是在名词词尾加’s，如果该名词词尾已有-s或-es，则是在其后加"‘
"。故选D。
考向四
名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The
young
woman
played
an
important
part
in
the
matter.
那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His
grandpa
joined
the
Red
Army
at
the
age
of
fifteen.
他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I
met
your
elder
brother
in
the
street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have
you
finished
the
letter
to
Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I
told
my
students
a
funny
story.
我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She
asked
the
doctor
another
question.
她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After
20
years’
traveling,
he
settled
down
in
Liangxiang.
二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do
you
still
ask
your
parents
for
money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s
a
good
idea
to
plant
trees
here
.
在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She
is
now
a
professor
while
her
husband
remains
a
worker.
也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They
elected
Tom
head
of
the
workshop.
他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The
old
man
called
my
uncle
Xiao
Li.
老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语,
通常用单数形式。
college
students大学生
girl
friend女友
vegetable
garden菜园
basketball
match篮球赛
Let’s
stop
by
the
book
store
on
the
way
home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He
bought
the
shoes
in
that
shoe
shop.
这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’
books学生用书
China’s
capital中国的首都
the
world’s
population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He
said
that
two
women
doctors
would
come
to
our
village
the
next
day.
他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There
are
many
men
teachers
in
our
school.
我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms
production
武器生产
clothes
shop服装商店
sales
department营业部
a
goods
train货车
savings
bank
储蓄所
foreign
languages
department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning
Skills
center学习技巧交流中心
The
Boys
Club
男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a
peasant
family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)
a
worker’s
family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women
drivers女司机
the
woman’s
driver这位妇女的司机
girl
friend女朋友
the
girl’s
friend
这女孩的朋友
mother
tongue母语
mother’s
tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold
watch
金表
(指手表是含金的)
golden
watch
金色的表
(指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The
soldiers
walked
50
kilometers
at
a
night.
战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your
suitcase
weighs
10
kilograms.
你的手提箱重10千克。
考点五
疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force;
energy;
strength;
power
force表示＂力、力量＂的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。
He
overcame
his
bad
habits
by
force
of
will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。
Those
people
are
the
progressive
forces
in
the
society.
这些人是社会的进步力量。
energy主要强调＂精力＂，指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指＂能源＂。
Young
people
usually
have
more
energy
than
the
old.
青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。
Many
countries
are
increasing
their
use
of
natural
gas,
wind
and
other
forms
of
energy.
很多国家正在提高天然气、风以及其他能源形式的利用。
strength表示＂力＂的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度潜力等。
He
lifted
the
stone
with
all
his
strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The
side
man
hasn’t
got
enough
strength
to
get
out
of
bed.
那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。
power
表示
＂能力、能量、动力＂的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否发挥出)。
Knowledge
is
power.知识就是力
量。
I
shall
do
everything
in
my
power
to
help
you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。
2.manner;
means;
method;
way
manner表示＂方式、方法＂的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。
The
manner
of
their
meeting
makes
a
good
story.
他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
He
has
developed
his
own
manner
of
acting.
它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means表示＂方法、手段
、工具＂的意思。
Students
sometimes
support
themselves
by
means
of
evening
job.
学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。
The
quickest
means
of
travel
is
by
plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。
Have
you
the
means
to
support
a
family?
你有维持家的方法没有?
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。
His
idea
is
all
right,
but
he
lacks
method.他的想法不错，但是缺少方法。
He
is
a
man
of
method.他是个有条理的人。
method
of
teaching
教学方法
method
of
study
学习方法
Roasting
is
one
method
of
cooking
meat.
烤是做肉的一种方法。
way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词，本义是＂通道、通路＂，引申作＂方式、方法＂讲，含义很广。
In
this
way
over
several
days,
the
artist
and
his
mice
became
friends.
就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
Look
!
Work
on
it
in
this
way.
看!像这样搞它。
My
parents
always
let
me
have
my
own
way
of
living.
?At
the
meeting
they
discussed
three
different
_______
to
the
study
of
mathematics。
A.
approaches
B.
means
C.
methods
D.
ways
【答案】D。
【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、
用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。
3.cost;
price;
value;
worth;
expense
cost表示＂成本、费用＂的意思。
原指生产某种物品的成本
，包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低于售价，有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代价，甚至生命。
As
a
result,
costs
will
be
reduced
by
as
much
as
90%.
因此，成本将会降低90%
之多。
China
Daily
has
plenty
of
advertisements,
which
help
to
cut
the
costs
of
making
the
newspaper.
《中国日报》刊登大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。
price表示＂价格、价钱、定价＂的意思。
指经营商品出售的单价，通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代价。
Can
you
try
to
get
them
to
bring
down
the
price?
你能把价格讲下来吗?
They
can
sell
their
beef
at
a
high
price
in
the
capital.
他们可以在首都以高价出售他们的牛肉。
value表示＂价值、价格＂。指我们所估计一件东西的价值，因此是不能
以金钱估价的。
Instead,
they
are
writing
once
more
about
things
that
are
common
for
everyone:
feeling
alone
in
the
modern
world,
the
value
of
having
good
friends
and
so
on.
他们现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。
The
park
is
good
value
for
the
money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值，是经久不变的，是可贵的。
It
was
worth
five
hundred
francs
at
the
most.它最多值500法郎。
He
asked
me
how
much
this
computer
was
worth.
他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense意思是＂费用、支出、开销＂，指花费金钱、时间和精力。
We
travelled
to
France
at
our
own
expense.
我们自费去法国旅行了。
Do
you
know
at
whose
expense
your
visit
to
Japan
will
be?你
知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗?
4.land;
ground;
soil;
earth
land表示＂陆地、土地、地＂，是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途等。有时泛指大地，也可作＂国家、地产＂讲。
The
rocky
soil
has
been
turned
into
rich
land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But
some
people
don’t
want
good
farm
land
to
be
built
on.
但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To
the
sea
captain’s
surprise,
he
found
that
land
travel
could
also
be
quite
pleasant.
使那位船长吃惊的是，他发现陆地旅行也很愉快。
ground(n.
)表示＂地、土地＂的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指＂根据、理由＂。
He
learnt
how
to
clean
rough
ground
before
planting
crops.
他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。
Then
the
Class
2
runner
dropped
his
stick
on
the
ground
when
he
was
passing
it
on
to
the
fourth
runner.然而，当二班运动员传给第四棒时，接力棒掉在地上了。
soil表示＂土壤、土地＂，指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土，宜于农耕。
When
the
plants
are
in
the
ground,
I’ll
put
some
powder
on
the
soil.当植物种到地里时，我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He
studied
how
to
improve
soil
conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。
earth表示＂地、地球、泥土＂，着重指＂大地＂，以别于天空。作＂泥土＂解时，常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。
Later,
in
a
few
weeks’
time
I’ll
put
the
little
plants
in
the
earth.
几星期后，我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice;
exercise;
training;
drill
practice;
exercise;
training;
drill都表示＂练习、训练＂的意思。
training表示＂训练、培养、教练、锻炼＂的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、对士兵的训练等。
These
football
players
had
no
strict
training
until
they
joined
our
club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到严格的训练。
The
athlete
is
in
training.这个运动员锻炼得好。
The
home
training
of
children
is
the
first
class
social
problem.
儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的＂练习或体格锻炼＂。
The
book
contains
a
series
of
graded
exercises
adapted
to
the
use
of
beginners.
书中有一系列按难易排列的练习适于初学者应用。
You
need
more
outdoor
exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的
＂练习＂或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的
＂实践＂。
More
practice
will
make
you
speak
with
greater
fluency.
多练习会使你口语更流利。
The
integration
of
theory
and
practice
is
one
of
the
basic
points
of
Marxism.
理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。
drill表示＂操练、训练＂的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。
Let’s
do
some
pattern
drills.咱们做些句型练习吧。
The
soldiers
were
at
drill
in
the
barrack
yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign;
signal;
mark;
symbol
sign表示
＂符号、记号、招牌＂等意思。是最普通的用语，指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的代表物。
Letters
are
signs
used
to
represent
sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ll
see
the
sign
for
the
rest
rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal表示
＂暗号、信号＂的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的，如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There
the
electrical
signal
is
changed
back
into
sound.
在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark表示
＂痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数＂的意思。指印在物品上的记号，可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时，表示＂标明、作记号＂的意思。
He
got
full
marks
in
his
maths
test.
他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each
stone
was
marked
with
a
number.
每个石头上都标明号码。
symbol表示
＂象征＂的意思，特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西，或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。
a
good
luck
symbol
好运气的象征
The
lion
is
considered
the
king
of
the
forest
as
it
is
a
symbol
of
courage
and
power.
狮子被看作百兽之王，是因为它是勇气与权利的象征。
1.
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议；B.
order命令；C.
possibility可能性；D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
2.
The
school
advisers
help
you
talk
through
your
problems
but
they
don’t
give
you
any
direct________.
A.
solution?????????
B.
target
C.
measure?????????
D.
function
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。本题考查名词辨析。solution
解决问题的办法；target目标，靶子；measure措施；function功能，作用。根据句意可知选A。
3.（2017年新课标I卷完形填空）Before
the
school
year
47
(ended)
,I
gave
the
kids
a
special
48
,
T-shirts
with
the
words
“Verbs
Are
Your
49
”
on
them.
I
had
advised
the
kids
that
while
verbs（动词）may
seem
dull
,most
of
the
50(fun)
things
they
do.
48.A.lesson
B.
gift
C.
report
D.
message
49.
A.
Friends
B.
Awards
C.
Masters
D.
Tasks
48.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析，A.lesson课，教训，
B.gift礼物，
C.report
报告，D.message信息，根据后文可知作者送给Freddy一件衬衫，即一个特殊的礼物，故选B。
49.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A.Friends
朋友，B.Awards奖，
C.Masters
主人，D.Tasks任务。衬衫上写着“动词是你的朋友”，故选A。
4.
（2017年北京卷完形填空）…
In
the
more
than
five
years
since
Hannah
began
her
activities,
she
has
received
a
lot
of
51
.For
example,
she
received
the
2007
BRICK
Award
recognizing
the
52
of
young
people
to
change
the
world….
51.
A.
praises
B.
invitations
C.
replies
D.
appointments
52.
A.
needs
B.
interests
C.
dreams
D.
efforts
51.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。A.
praises赞美B.
invitations邀请C.
replies回复D.
appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，给她颁奖，故答案为A。
52.
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。A.
needs
需要
B.
interests
兴趣C.
dreams梦想D.
efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。
5
The
accident
caused
some
________
to
my
car，but
it’s
nothing
serious.
A.
harm
B.
injury
C.
ruin
D.
damage
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。damage指使用价值遭到损坏，
这种损坏是部分性的，不是完全，根据语境＂it
is
nothing
serious＂所以选D。harm指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury指人在事故中受伤。ruin
多用于借喻之中，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
题组一（真题在线）
1.（2019·江苏）Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
2.（2019·天津）We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
3.（2018·江苏）Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
4.（2016·天津）The
weather
forecast
says
it
will
be
cloudy
with
a
slight
_____
of
rain
later
tonight.
A.
effect
B.
sense
C.
change
D.
chance
5.（2016·江苏）
—
Can
you
tell
us
your
for
happiness
and
a
long
life?
—
Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
A.
recipe
B.
record
C.
range
D.
receipt
6.
（2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community（医学界）
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
62
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
7.（2015·湖北）He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
____
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
A.
emotion
B.
talent
C.
identity
D.
treasure
8.（2015·安徽）There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some
______
and
then
let
me
know.
A.
thought
B.
support
C.
protection
D.
authority
9.（2015·江苏）—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
—I’d
like
to,
but
I’m
afraid
she
won’t
be
happy
with
my
______
.
A.
requests
B.
excuses
C.
apologies
D.
regrets
10.（2015·江苏）Some
schools
will
have
to
make
______
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
A.
judgments
B.
adjustments
C.
comments
D.
achievements
题组二
1.（2015·福建）The
failure
was
a
big
__________to
him,
but
he
wasn’t
discouraged
and
soon
got
as
enthusiastic
as
ever.
A.
blow
B.
issue
C.
excuse
D.
Factor
2.（2015·浙江）One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
is
to
talk
about
feeling
with
someone
you
trust.
A.
production
B.
stress
C.
energy
D.
passive
3.It
is
believed
that
very
little
_____has
been
made
of
the
waste
materials
from
factories
in
the
past
decades,
which
on
the
contrary
has
brought
pollution
to
the
environment.
A.
cost
B.
use
C.
value
D.
action
4.England
is
a
multicultural
society
and
welcomes
a
variety
of
cultures
which
add
a
__________
to
our
daily
lives.
A.
collision
B.
dimension
C.
dilemma
D.
privilege
5.Lots
of
campaigns
have
occurred
in
China
to
defend
the
Nansha
Islands
recently.
What
is
your
_________
of
the
situation?
A.
intention
B.
assessment
C.
attitude
D.
appointment
6.My
morning
________
includes
jogging
in
the
park
and
reading
newspapers
over
breakfast.
A.
drill
B.
action
C.
regulation
D.
routine
7.Harry
has
been
out
of
work
for
six
months,
so
he
has
difficulty
__________.
A.
earning
livings
B.
earning
his
living
C.to
earn
livings
D.to
earn
his
living
8.The
role
will
be
the
biggest
__________of
his
acting
career.
A.
conclusion
B.
challenge
C.
explanation
D.
approach
9.Finding
the
window
was
broken,
he
asked
whose
__________it
was.
A.
mistake
B.
error
C.
fault
D.
responsibility
10.She
does
exercise
every
morning
to
keep
her
__________.
A.
figure
B.
nature
C.
image
D.
character
题组三
语篇填空
A
strong
memory
depends? 1 ?the
health
and
vitality(活力)of
your
brain.
Humans
are 2 ?(high)
social
animals,
so
relationships
stimulate(刺激)our
brains
—
in
fact,
interacting
with? 3 ?may
be
the
best
brain
exercise.
Having? 4 ?(mean)
relationships
is
not
only
vital
to
emotional
health,
but
also
to
brain
health.
In
one
recent
study
from
the
Harvard
School
of
Public
Health,
for
example,
researchers
found
that
people
with
the
most
active
social
life
had
the? 5 ?(slow)
rate
of
memory
deterioration.
And
moreover,
you’ve
heard
that
laughter
is
the
best
medicine
for
the
brain
as? 6 ?as
the
body.
As
psychologist
Daniel? 7 ?(note)in
his
book?Emotional?Intelligence,
"Laughter
seems
to
help
people
think
more
broadly
and
associate
more
freely."
When
you
hear
laughter,
move
toward
it.
Most
of
the
time,
people
are
very
happy? 8 ?(share)
something
funny
because
it
gives
them
an
opportunity
to
laugh
together.
Please
spend
time
with
those? 9 ?laugh
easily
—
both
at
themselves
and
at
life’s
humorous
events.
Surround
yourself
with
reminders
to
lighten
up.
Keep? 10 ?toy
on
your
desk
or
in
your
car.
Put
up
a
funny
poster
in
your
office.
Choose
a
computer
screen
saver
that
makes
you
laugh.
题组一
1.A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先；优先权；B.
potential潜在的，可能的；C.
proportion比例，占比；D.
pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.
B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement“陈述说明”；
impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；
impression“印象，感想”；
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
3.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment分配；B.
association交往；C.
acquisition获得；D.
assumption假设。故选D。
4.D
【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
5.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为＂秘诀＂，与上下文相符。
6.
effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side
effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
7.C
【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项＂情绪＂；B项
＂才能＂；C项＂身份＂；D项＂财富＂。故选C项。
【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词＂secret
task（秘密任务）＂和＂
gave
himself
a
new
name（给自己取了个新名字）＂，然后推知肯定是为了＂hide
his
identity（掩藏身份）＂，从而锁定正确答案。
8.A
【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
9.C
【解析】句意：——Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项＂请求＂；B项＂借口＂；C项＂道歉＂；D项＂遗憾，后悔＂。故选C项。
10.B
【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项＂判断，决断＂；B项＂调整＂；C项＂评价，评论＂；D项＂成就＂。故选B项。
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments
on＂对……做出评价/评论＂，缩小正确答案的范围。
题组二
1.A
【解析】blow打击；
issue问题；excuse借口；factor要素。句意：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
2.B
【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production产品，
stress压力，
energy能源，
passive力量。根据常识可知，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B.。
3.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：有人认为在过去几十年里，来自工厂的废料的利用率很小，这反而给环境带来了污染。make
use
of是固定搭配，表示＂利用＂，故B项正确。
4.B
【解析】考查名词辨析。collision碰撞；dimension方面；dilemma困境；privilege特权。句意：英国是一个多元文化的社会，它欢迎为我们日常生活增添内容的各种文化。故选B。?
5.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intention意图，打算；assessment评估，评价；attitude态度；appointment约定，约会。句意：在中国，为了保卫南沙群岛，开展了大量的运动。你对形势有什么评估？根据句意，B选项正确。attitude要和介词to/toward连用。
6.D【解析】考查名词。句意：我早上要做的事包括在公园慢走和吃早餐时读报。drill＂操练，（反复）练习＂；
action＂行动，行为＂；
regulation＂规则，规章＂；
routine＂常规，日常事务＂。
故选D。?
7.B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：Harry已经失业六个月了，因此他谋生有困难。have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.意为＂做某事有困难＂，earn
one’s
living意为＂谋生＂，都是固定短语，故选B项。
8.B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。challenge＂挑战＂，符合句意。
9.C
【解析】考查名词。句意：发现窗户被打破了，他问那是谁的过错。mistake指判断或理解方面，或因考虑不周而造成的错误；error
常指违反一定标准而犯的错误；fault
表示过失，侧重于所要承担责任的过错；responsibility指责任。根据句意可知，此处指把窗户打破了的过错，故选C。
10.A
【解析】考查词汇辨析。句意:她每天早上做运动以保持身材。figure＂身材，身段＂，符合句意。
题组三
语篇填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。记忆力取决于健康状况和大脑的活力。重要的人际关系和大笑有益大脑。
1.on
【解析】考查固定短语。depend
on"依赖，取决于"，是固定短语。故填介词on。
2.highly
【解析】考查副词。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处该用副词修饰形容词social，highly意为"非常地，高度地"，表示抽象意义。而high也可用作副词，但表示具体意义上的"高"。
3.others
【解析】考查不定代词。由上文中的social
animals和relationships可知，此处表示与"别人(others)"互动。
4.meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示"重要的"人际关系，故用mean的形容词形式作定语，修饰relationships。
5.slowest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据上文提到的与人交往的好处以及空前的"the
most
active
social
life"可知，此处表示"记忆力下降得最慢"，应用最高级形式。
6.well
【解析】考查固定短语。对身体和大脑来说，微笑是良药。as
well
as表示"和"，是固定短语。
7.notes
【解析】考查时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词。文章的主体时态为一般现在时，且此处描述的是事实，故应用一般现在时;再结合从句的主语Daniel可知，此处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。
8.to
share
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据be
happy
to
do
sth."乐于做某事"可知，此处应填不定式to
share。
9.who
【解析】考查关系代词。空处引导一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，根据句意及先行词those可知，此处应用指人的关系代词who。
10.a
【解析】考查不定冠词。toy是可数名词，且以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指，故应用a。考点04
代词
【复习建议】
1.
掌握冠词的基本用法；
2.
掌握冠词的习惯用法；
3.
掌握冠词的活用；
4.
多做练习，提高熟悉语境的能力。
◆代词的考查要点
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
一、
人称代词
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Susan，go
and
join
your
sister
cleaning
the
yard.
—Why
me？John
is
sitting
there
doing
nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The
thief
was
thought
to
be
he.(the
thief是主格，故用he替代)
They
took
me
to
be
her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I
met
her
in
the
hospital.→It
was
her
who
I
met
in
the
hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He
is
taller
than
me(I).但在下列句中有区别：
I
like
Jack
as
much
as
her.＝I
like
both
Jack
and
her.
I
like
Jack
as
much
as
she.＝I
like
Jack
and
she
likes
him，too.
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二
三
一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You，she
and
I
will
be
in
charge
of
the
case.
Mr.
Zhang
asked
Li
Hua
and
me
to
help
him.
1.（2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）As
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.
They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
2.
（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
____68____(they)
alive.
【答案】them
【解析】此处做find
的宾语，所以用宾格them。
二、
物主代词
1.注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
2.one’s
own...＝...of
one’s
own句式的转换。
3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take
sb.by
the
arm，be
wounded
in
the
leg
三、
反身代词
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
devote
oneself
to致力于
dress
oneself自己穿衣
enjoy
oneself过得快活
feel
oneself觉得正常
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for
oneself为自己；独立地
of
oneself自然地；自动地
by
oneself独自地
in
oneself本身
1.（2019·新课标卷III·短文改错）In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
yourselves
in
the
historical
environment
that
is
created
for
them.
【答案】yourselves改为themselves
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把
yourselves改为
themselves。
2.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously
__facing_
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
___3___(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
3.（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
homework
but
I
was
shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
四、
相互代词(each
other，one
another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each
other’s，one
another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each
other指两者之间，one
another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This
is
my
desk
and
that
is
yours.
In
those
days
they
could
not
go
to
school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I
want
to
tell
you
this：the
English
party
will
be
held
on
Saturday
afternoon.
He
hurt
his
leg
yesterday.
That’s
why
he
didn’t
come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The
weather
of
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
of
Nanjing.
The
ears
of
a
rabbit
are
longer
than
those
of
a
fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
Can
hard
work
change
a
person
that
much?
考向1
对替代词的考查
1.
that(those),
one(ones)和it(的替代用法)
代词
用法
it
特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that
可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the
one。其复数形式为those，相当于the
ones
one
指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为ones
those
指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂
—Did
you
get
a
ticket?
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes,
I
managed
to
get
one.
——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
The
weather
of
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
of
Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。
Studying
Wendy’s
menu，I
found
that
many
of
the
items
are
similar
to
those
of
McDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
The
weather
here
is
too
cold.
I
don’t
like
it.
这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：
只能用that
只能用one
that既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。
one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one
②the
ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
The
books
on
the
desk
are
better
than
those/the
ones
under
the
desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。
Only
those(the
ones)who
had
booked
in
advance
were
allowed
in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
但是，the
ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。
—Which
do
you
want?你想要哪个?
—I’ll
have
the
red
ones.我要红色的。
Don’t
buy
the
expensive
apples;
get
the
cheaper
ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
【知识链接】1.
当替代词one
/
ones
紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this,
that,
these,
those,
which,
either,
neither,
another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如： I
think
my
dog’s
the
fastest
(one).
我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。 Either
(one)
will
suit
me.
(这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。 Let’s
have
another
(one).
咱们再来一个吧。 She
looked
at
each
(one)
carefully
before
she
chose.
她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。 Which
(one)
would
you
like?—That
(one)
looks
the
nicest.
您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。 2.
复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及
some,
any,
both,
several,
dozen,
own
等词修饰。如： Have
you
got
any
drawing-pins?
Can
I
borrow
some
please?
你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗?
(不能说：…some
ones?) Do
you
have
any
new
diaries?—We
don’t
have
any
at
the
moment.
你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说：...
any
ones?
) He
has
three
dictionaries
and
I
have
only
two.
他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：...
two
ones.) 注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如： 误：her
ones
/
some
ones
/
any
ones
/
five
ones
/
your
own
ones 正：her
red
ones
/
some
new
ones
/
any
old
ones
/
five
bad
ones
/
your
own
nice
ones 在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。 3.
当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如： Do
you
need
coffee
cups
or
tea
cups?
你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯?
(不能说：...
or
tea
ones?
) 但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如： We
can
lend
you
plastic
chairs
or
metal
ones.
我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.
ones
B.
those
C.
these
D.
them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students是对应关系，可以用the
ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the
students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.(2016·浙江卷)In
many
ways
,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
_______
in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系大不相同。that指代上文的the
education
system。it指代的是同一种事或物。one是泛指，指代同类中的一个。故选A。
3.Usually
there
might
be
a
lot
of
accidents
in
the
heavy
fog.
I
happened
to
witness
_______
this
morning.
A.
it
B.
those
C.
one
D.
that
【答案与解析】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
4.I
like
this
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front,
but
I
don’t
have
enough
money
to
buy
_______.
A.
one
B.
it
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
5.Studying
Wendy's
menu,
I
found
that
many
of
the
items
are
similar
to
_______
of
McDonald's
.
A.
those
B.
ones
C.
any
D.
all
【答案】A
【解析】those=the
ones,
代指前面的many
of
the
items，表示复数、特指，被of
McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐馆的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。
考向2
对both，all，either，any，neither，none
的考查
1.The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but
_______
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.
all
B.
none
C.
either
D.
neither
【答案】D
【解析】all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选D。
2.—When
shall
I
call
,
in
the
morning
or
afternoon?
—_______.
I’ll
be
in
all
day
.
A.
Any
B.
None
C.
Neither
D.
Either
【答案】D
【解析】句意：＂我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？＂＂都可以，我一直都在。＂根据句意可知是在＂早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择＂。AB通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情况，neither表示两者都不。故D正确。
3.Although
Rosemary
had
suffered
from
a
serious
illness
for
years,
she
lost
_______
of
her
enthusiasm
for
life.
A.
no
one
B.
neither
C
.none
D.
all
【答案】C
【解析】no
one没有人；neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。
4.My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
_______
was
available
from
that
shop.
A.
nothing
B.
none
C.
no
one
D.
neither
【答案】B
【解析】这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调＂没有一个＂；no
one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有合适的。
考向3
对
another，the
other，other，others，the
others
的考查
代词
用法
other
不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
the
other
the
other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示＂另外的……＂
another
单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂
others
单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一起出现
the
others
意为＂剩余的一些＂
His
parents
both
work
in
a
hospital.
One
is
a
doctor
and
the
other
is
a
nurse.
他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。
When
Americans
moved
from
one
place
to
another，they
took
their
dialects
with
them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。
You
are
a
team
star！Working
with
others
is
really
your
cup
of
tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
I
have
three
daughters.
One
is
a
nurse，another
is
a
teacher
and
still
another
is
a
worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
We
need
another
few
chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。
1.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错)
The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
2.—Would
you
get
me
a
bar
of
chocolate
from
the
kitchen,
dear?
—_______
one?
A.
Other
B.
Every
C.
Another
D.
More
【答案】C
【解析】another
与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another
three
chairs;
other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one
more
apple,
two
other
boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。句意：＂亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？＂＂还要吃一块？＂
3.To
stay
awake,
he
finished
a
cup
of
coffee
and
ordered
_______.
A.
the
other
B.
other
C.
the
others
D.
another
【答案】D
【解析】两者中另一个用＂the
other＂。不定数目(两个以上)中的另一个用＂another＂句意：为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。
4.You
are
the
team
star!
Working
with
_______
is
really
your
cup
of
tea.
A.
both
B.
either
C.
others
D.
the
other
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语＂one’s
cup
of
tea＂意为＂the
type
of
thing
or
person
that
you
like＂。
5.Neither
side
is
prepared
to
talk
to
_______
unless
we
can
smooth
thing
over
between
them.
A.
others
B.
the
other
C.
another
D.
one
other
【答案】B
【解析】neither含有＂两者都不＂之意，一方对应另一方，故用the
other指＂两者中的另一个＂。句意：除非我们能够清除他们之间的障碍，否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。
考向4
对
it的考查
it的特殊用法
(1)作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词－ing形式、名词性从句。
I
find
it
difficult
to
do
the
job
well.
我发现做好这件工作不容易。
(2)表示＂喜欢、恨＂等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。
We
really
appreciate
it
when
she
offered
to
help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
(3)it在固定结构中的用法：
make
it成功；
take
it
that...假设，以为……；
when
it
comes
to...当谈到……时；
rely
on/depend
on/count
on
it
that...相信……
You
may
rely
on
it
that
he’ll
come
to
meet
you.
你放心，他会来接你的。
1.（2018年·浙江卷·语法填空）Many
westerners
57
who/that
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
58
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it
can
be
cheap
to
eat
out.其中不定式to
eat
out是真正主语，用it
是形式主语。故填it。
2.I’m
afraid
you
can’t
_______
to
the
village
in
an
hour;
you
must
allow
for
the
icy
road.
A.
get
it
B.
take
it
C.
leave
it
D.
make
it
【答案】D
【解析】句意:恐怕你不能在一小时后到达那个村庄；你必须考虑到路面结冰。get
it弄明白；take
it认为；leave
it把它遗留在某地；make
it及时抵达,成功。
3.—Alice,
turn
off
the
light
and
lock
the
door
before
you
leave.
—_______.
A.
Got
it
B.
Made
it
C.
Heard
it
D.
Taken
it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：＂爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。＂
＂知道了。＂got
it知道，明白；made
it约定时间，做成某事。故选A。
4.—Mom.
I
came
first
in
the
National
Basic
Skill
Competition.
—Well
done!
_______.
A.
Keep
it
up
B.
Take
it
easy
C.
Catch
it
D.
Hold
it.
【答案】A
【解析】keep
it
up＂继续努力；再接再厉＂，符合题意。take
it
easy别着急；放松；catch
it受罚；受责罚；hold
it稍等；别动。句意：＂妈妈，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了第一名。＂＂做得太棒了！要再接再厉＂
题组一基础过关
用适当的代词填空
1.The
cost
of
renting
a
house
in
central
Xi’an
is
higher
than
________
in
any
other
area
of
the
city.
2.—May
I
ask
for
leave
tomorrow?
—No，you
can’t.________
applying
for
the
scholarship
must
be
present.
3.I
dislike
________
when
I
am
left
alone
to
start
a
conversation
with
a
stranger.
4.If
you’re
buying
today’s
paper
from
the
stand，could
you
get
________
for
me?
5.＂Speed
up.
70
km/h
isn’t
fast
enough.
You
are
holding
up
the
traffic，＂
another
voice
ordered
from
the
seat
next
to
________
(I).
6.She
asked
________
(I)
name
and
said
she
didn’t
remember
me.
7.Years
have
passed.
Now，every
time
I
sit
down
to
write
________
new，I
think
of
Mr
Gough.
8.Both
teams
were
in
hard
training；________
was
willing
to
lose
the
game.
9.—How
many
students
are
there
in
the
classroom
now?
—________.
I
have
locked
it.
10.Saying
is
one
thing
and
doing
is
________.
题组二能力提升
I.单项选择
1.—What
do
you
think
about
that
new
librarian?
—She
is
_______
of
a
good
clerk,
for
she
even
doesn’t
know
how
to
classify
the
books.
A.
somebody
B.
nothing
C.
something
D.
nobody
2.College
students
should
learn
to
compromise.
But
some
of
them
only
expect
people
to
change
for
them,
not
_______
way
around.
A.
another
B.
the
other
C.
other
D.
any
other
3.
Almost
90%
of
the
most
popular
video
games
contain
violence,
and
much
of
______
is
extremely
violent.
A.
which
B.
it
C.
them
D.
those
4.According
to
the
Gini
Index,
the
degree
of
wealth
concentration
in
China
has
risen
by
a
third
in
the
past
35
years
and
now
is
larger
than
_______
of
the
US.
A.
this
B.
one
C.
that
D.
such
5.—I’ve
sold
my
first
painting!
—This
is
really
_______!
Someone
actually
thinks
your
painting
fantastic.
A.
everything
B.
anything
C.
nothing
D.
something
6.It’s
one
thing
to
send
a
short
message
but
_______
to
hove
the
person
receiving
the
message
actually
do
something.
A.
another
B.
other
C.
the
other
D.
others
7.If
I
had
ever
feared
death
before,
it
was
_______
compared
to
how
I
felt
as
the
roller
coaster
moved
faster
and
faster.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
everything
D.
nothing
8.
Actually,
Einstein’s
theory
of
relativity
and
his
other
scientific
works
are
not
_______
hard
to
understand
with
a
little
study.
A.
such??????????????????????????????
B.
that
C.
only?????????????????????????????D.
thus?
9.
Tina
has
got
a
new
dictionary
and
I’m
eager
to
have
______
as
well.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
this
D.
one
10.
Hangzhou
is
really
a
beautiful
city,
so
we
have
decided
to
stay
for
______
two
days.
A.
other
B.
another
C.
the
other
D.
others
II.语篇填空
An
old
man
and
his
son
were
taking
a
donkey
to
the
market.
The
man
rode
the
donkey
and
the
son
walked
behind
__1__.
A
man
saw
them
and
asked
the
son
why
__2__wasn't
riding
the
donkey.
Then
the
father
let
__3__ride
it.__4__
man
saw
them
and
told
__5__
that
they
should
__6__ride
the
donkey.So__7__
both
got
on
it.
A
woman
who
saw
them
said，＂Tell
__8__，why
are
you
both
riding
that
poor
animal?
__9__
looks
so
weak
and
tired.
You
are
so
cruel！＂Then，the
father
and
son
got
off
the
donkey
and
started
carrying
__10__
across
a
bridge.
When
they
were
halfway
across
the
bridge，the
donkey
struggled
loose
and
fell
into
the
river.
题组三体验真题
1.（2016·浙江）In
many
ways
,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
__________in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
2.（2015·重庆）The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but_________
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
anybody
D.
somebody
3.（2015·浙江）How
would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
A.
them
B.
one
C.
those
D.
it
4.（2015·天津）The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
______
in
some
larger
schools.
A.
that
B.
one
C.
it
D.
this
5.（2015·陕西）To
warm
himself,
the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
.
A.
another
B.
the
other
C.
other
D.
either
6.（2015·福建）The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but_________
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.
all
B.
none
C.
either
D.
neither
7.（2014·全国大纲卷）—Who’s
that
at
the
door?
—__________
is
the
milkman.
A.
He
B.
It
C.
This
D.
That
8.（2014·全国大纲卷）I
think
Mrs.
Stark
could
be
_______
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
A.
anywhere
B.
anybody
C.
anyhow
D.
anything
9.（2014·重庆）A
smile
costs
_______,
but
gives
much.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
nothing
D.
everything
10.（2014·山东）Susan
made______
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
it
D.
her
题组一基础过关
用适当的代词填空
1.that
2.Anyone
3.it
4.one
5.mine/me
6.my
7.something
8.neither
9.None
10.another
题组二能力提升
I.单项选择
1.B
【解析】nothing
of不够……的素质或条件。句意：＂你觉得那个新图书管理员怎么样？＂＂她不是一个好办事员，因为她甚至不知道如何将图书进行分类。＂故选B。
2.B
【解祈】句意：大学生应该学会妥协。但是大学生中有有些人只是希望人们为他们而改变，而不是相反。not
the
other
way
around而不是相反的。根据句意故选B。
3.B【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。?
4.C
【解析】
that/those在句中用来代替前面出现的同类比较对象，that指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，that指代上文提到的＂the
degree
of
wealth
concentration＂。句意：据基尼指数显示，过去35年来，中国的财富集中度增长了三分之一，如今比美国还高。
5.D【解祈】句意：＂我卖掉了我的第一幅画！＂＂太棒了！一定有人认为你的画是极好的。＂This/It
is
really
something为习惯用法，意为＂太棒了，好极了＂。该句中something指＂重要的事物(人)，有一定意义的事物＂，符合句意。故答案选D。
6.A
【解析】句意：发短信是一回事，而让收到短信的人做什么事又是另外一回事。(one…)another(表示另外一个，故选A项。
7.D
【解析】句意：要说我以前怕死过，可要与坐着过山车转得越来越快时的感觉相比，那简直算不上什么了。
即：没有什么可以与坐着过山车转得越来越快时的感觉相比。故选nothing。
8.B【解析】句意：实际上，只用稍作研究，爱因斯坦的相对论和他的其他的科学著作并不是那么难理解的。that
hard=so
hard那么难。
9.
D
【解析】考查代词。句意：Tina有一本新的字典，我也渴望有一本（新字典）。指代上文的a
new
dictionary用one代替；that指上文的可数名词单数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；it特指上文的可数名词单数或不可数名词，this表示＂这个＂；one泛指可数名词单数。故选D。
?10.B【解析】考查形容词和代词。another是形容词，通常接单数名词，＂又一个，再一个，另一的＂的意思。another
two
days意思是＂还要两天＂。other可以作为形容词或代词，表示＂其他的，另外的＂。当other作为形容词时，后面通常接复数名词，这是它与another的主要区别。the
other指的是两个人或两件东西中的＂另一个＂。other作为代词时，复数是others，表示＂别的（人或物）＂，＂其余的（人或物）＂。
II.语篇填空
1.it/them
2.he
3.him
4.Another
5.them
6.both
7.they
8.me
9.It
10.it
题组三体验真题
1.A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education
system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示＂近指＂，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
2.B【解析】句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。
【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句；
nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。
3.D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you
would
like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案为D。
【名师点睛】it
为形式宾语，其后的不定式为真正的宾语。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。it
用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。另外，某些表示＂喜、怒、哀、乐＂的动词，如like,
enjoy,
love,
hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。
4.A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the
quality
of
education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
5.B
【解析】句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the
other，所以选B。
6.D
【解析】
all全部；
none没有一个；
either两个中任何一个；neither两者都不。句意：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D。
7.B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
8.A
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人在50到60岁之间在哪里都行。此处anywhere意为：任何地方，符合句意。
9.C
【解析】句意：微笑是无需付出任何成本的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，＂微笑不花钱，但却给予他人很多。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cost
nothing意为＂无需付出＂。
10.C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。考点03
主谓一致
【复习建议】
1.
掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2.
掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3.
掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4.
掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则
考点详解
例句
语法一致
1.
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.To
study
English
well
is
not
easy.What
he
said
is
very
important
for
us
all.The
children
were
in
the
classroom
two
hours
ago.
Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
2.
由连接词and或both
……
and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
She
and
I
are
classmates.The
boy
and
the
girl
were
surprised
when
they
heard
the
news.
Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
3.
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together
with，except，but，like，as
well
as，rather
than，more
than，no
less
than，
besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
Mr.
Green，together
with
his
wife
and
children，has
come
to
China.
Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground.She，like
you
and
Tom，is
very
tall.
4.
either，neither，each，every
或no
+单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.Everything
around
us
is
matter.
5.
在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He
is
one
of
my
friends
who
are
working
hard.
He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
一致原则
考点详解
例句
语法一致
6.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等。
Class
Four
is
on
the
third
floor.
Class
Four
are
unable
to
agree
upon
a
monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
child.
7.
由“a
lot
of，lots
of，plenty
of，the
rest
of，the
majority
of
+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There
are
a
lot
of
people
in
the
classroom.
The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
50%
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.注：a
number
of
与the
number
of的区别
8.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There
comes
the
bus.
On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
Such
is
the
result.
Such
are
the
facts.
逻辑一致
1.
what，
who，
which，
any，
more，
all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which
is
your
bag？Which
are
your
bags？All
is
going
well.
All
have
gone
to
Beijing.
2.
表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.Ten
miles
is
too
long.
3.
若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The
Arabian
Nights”
is
an
interesting
story-book.
4.
表数量的短语“one
and
a
half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。
One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
一致原则
考点详解
例句
逻辑一致
5.
算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve
plus
eight
is
twenty.Fifty-six
divided
by
eight
is
seven.
6.
一些学科名词是以
–ics
结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics
以及news，
works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The
paper
works
was
built
in
1990.I
think
physics
isn‘t
easy
to
study.
7.
trousers，
glasses，
clothes，
shoes，jeans
等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）
pair
of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My
glasses
are
broken.
The
pair
of
shoes
under
the
bed
is
his.?
8.
“定冠词the
+
形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
The
old
are
taken
good
care
of.
9.
a
(large)
quantity
of
修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A
large
quantity
of
people
is
needed
here.注意：quantities一般用复数。Quantities
of
food
(nuts)
were
on
the
table.
10.
a
great
deal
of,
a
large
amount
of
修饰不可数名词，
作主语时，
谓语动词通常用单数；large
amounts
of
修饰不可数名词，
作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
A
large
amount
of
(A
great
deal
of)
damage
was
done
in
a
very
short
time.Large
amounts
of
money
were
spent
on
the
bridge.
就近一致
1.
当两个主语由either
…
or，
neither
…
nor，whether
…
or
…，not
only
…but
also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either
the
teacher
or
the
students
are
our
friends.Neither
they
nor
he
is
wholly
right.
2.
there
be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There
are
two
chairs
and
a
desk
in
the
room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如：Here
is
a
map
and
a
handbook
for
you.
考向一语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
? His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.
?
Time
is
money.
?
To
finish
all
the
work
on
time
is
impossible.
?
Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
?
The
children
are
in
the
classroom
2
hours
ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What
I
bought
were
3
English
books.
What
I
say
and
do
are
helpful
to
you.
2.由and
或both...and
连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
She
and
I
are
friends.
Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The
writer
and
artist
has
come.
◆由and
连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,
every,
no
more
than
a(an),
many
a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every
student
and
every
teacher
was
in
the
room.
No
boy
and
no
girl
likes
it.
3.主语后面有with,
together
with,
except,
but,
like,
as
well
as,
rather
than,
more
than,
no
less
than,
besides,
including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr
Green,
together
with
his
wife
and
children,
has
come
to
China.
Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground.
She,
like
you
and
Tom,
is
very
tall.
4.either,
neither,
each,
every或no+单数neither/neither/none
of
＋复数名词，还有some,
any,
no,
every
构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.
Everything
around
us
is
matter.
Neither
of
the
texts
is
interesting.
None
of
us
has
been
to
South
Africa.
5.定语从句中，关系代词that,
which,
who
作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He
is
one
of
my
students
who
are
working
hard.
He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
___________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.
gives
B.
has
given
C.
have
given
D.
give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in
the
last
three
months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the
musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along
with
his
band
members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65than
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。
3.He
is
one
of
the
most
selfish
men
that
_______
ever
lived;
that’s
why
hardly
_______
making
friends
with
him.
A.
has；anyone
likes
B.
have；does
anyone
like
C.
has；no
one
likes
D.
have；anyone
likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one
of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
6.集体名词family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。
His
family
is
a
happy
one.
The
whole
family
are
watching
TV.
The
population
of
China
is
1400
million.(人口)
One
third
of
the
population
here
are
workers.(人)
◆people,
cattle,
police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7.由 a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
the
rest
of,
the
majority
of
＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
A
lot
of
time
is
wasted.
A
lot
of
people
take
part
in
the
meeting.
2/3
water
is
drunk
by
him.
2/3
students
are
absent.
8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
Such
is
the
result.
Such
are
the
facts.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
years
of
achieve.
A.
is;
takes
B.
are;
takes
C.
are;
take
D.
is;
take
【答案】A
【解析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that
success
a
sum
of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often
years
to
achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
考向二
意义一致原则
1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Twenty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.
One
hundred
dollars
is
stolen
from
the
ATM.
2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The
Arabian
Nights
is
an
interesting
story
book.
one
and
a
half
＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）
表示
上聊天是保持你的外语水平的很好的方式。动词词组keep
up意为"使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)"。
10.Hopefully
【解析】考查副词。句意：希望以上所述能够帮助你放下你的顾虑，开始你的旅程。本空用来修饰整个句子，因此应该用副词形式。又因为本空在句首，所以单词首字母应大写。
体验真题
1.C
【解析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last
week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as
well
as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2.
C
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great
Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
3.
B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as…
(把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along
with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
4.
has
grown【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the
country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has
grown。
5.A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为：通常情况，对别人期望很高的学生的内在动机对他们的发展是必要的。主语students’
inner
motivation表示单数意义，所以谓语动词用单数，并且叙述的是现在的状态，所以用一般现在时，故选A项。考点05
介词和介词短语
【复习建议】
1.
掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；
2.
掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；
3.
掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
介词的分类
分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about,
across,
after,
against,
among,
around,
at,
below,
beyond,
during,
in,
on等等。
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into,
onto,
throughout,
upon,
within
短语介词
由短语构成
according
to,
because
of,
instead
of,
up
to,
due
to,
owing
to,
thanks
to等等。
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from
among,
from
behind,
from
under,
till
after,
in
between等等。
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论),
including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like,
unlike,
near,
next,
opposite等等。
考向①
介词短语的功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
例
句
作定语
They
didn’t
find
the
solution
to
the
problem.
作状语
We
have
breakfast
at
seven.（表时间）They
were
late
for
the
meeting
because
of
the
heavy
rain.（表原因）What
do
you
mean
by
doing
such
a
thing?（表方法）Nothing
in
the
world
could
live
without
air
or
water.（表条件）
作表语
When
I
paid
a
visit
to
you
yesterday,
you
were
not
at
home.
作宾语补足语
I
found
the
old
building
in
a
bad
condition.
考向②
常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的概念
介词（短语）
区
别
例
时间
inonat
at在一个时间点上；in在一段的时间之内；on在具体日子。
①at
8
o’clock,
at
noon②in
the
1990s,
in
January③on
Monday,
on
a
warm
morning
sincefrom
since
指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We
have
not
seen
each
other
since
1995.②I
hope
to
do
morning
exercises
from
today.
in,after
in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。
①We’ll
be
back
in
three
days.②After
seven
the
rain
began
to
fall.③What
shall
we
do
after
graduation?
in
the
endat
the
end
ofby
the
end
of
in
the
end作＂最后＂、＂终于＂解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at
the
end
of
表示＂在……末梢＂，＂到……尽头＂，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体，不可单独使用；by
the
end
of
作＂在……结束时＂，＂到……末为止＂解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。
①In
the
end
they
reached
a
place
of
safety.②At
the
end
of
the
road
stands
a
beautiful
garden.③They
decided
to
have
an
English
evening
at
the
end
of
this
week.④By
the
end
of
last
month
he
had
finished
the
novel.
位置
betweenamong
一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
①You
are
to
sit
between
your
father
and
me.②He
is
always
happy
among
his
classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用between。
①Agreements
were
made
between
the
different
countries.②The
little
valley
lies
between
high
mountains.③They
don’t
know
the
difference
between
wheat,
rice
and
coin.
inonto
in表示在某范围内；on指与什么毗邻；to指在某环境范围之外。
①Changchun
is
in
the
northeast
of
China.②Mongolia
is
on
the
north
of
China.③Japan
is
to
the
east
of
China.
onin
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There
is
a
book
on
the
piece
of
paper.
②There
is
an
interesting
article
in
thenewspaper.③
He
dug
a
hole
in
the
wall.
ininto
in通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。
①We
walked
in
the
park.②We
walked
into
the
park.
throughacross
through表示从内部通过，与in
有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。
①Water
flows
through
the
pipe.②The
old
man
walked
across
the
street.
in
the
corneron
the
cornerat
the
corner
in
the
corner
表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on
the
corner表示＂在角上＂，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at
the
corner指＂在拐角处＂，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The
lamp
stands
in
the
corner
of
the
room.②I
met
with
him
at
the
street
corner.③He
sat
on
the
corner
of
the
table.
除了
besidesexceptbutexcept
for
besides指＂除了……还有，再加上＂；except指＂除了，减去什么＂，不能放在句首。but
与except意思近似，表示＂除了……外＂经常用在no,
all,
nobody,
anywhere,
everything等和其他疑问词后面。except
for表示＂如无……就，只是＂表明理由细节。
①All
went
out
besides
me.
②All
went
out
except
me.③I
never
saw
him
reading
anything
but
the
newspaper.④His
diary
is
good
except
for
a
few
spelling
mistakes.
表示的概念
构成
例
动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）
at+名词
at
dinner/table在吃饭
at
work在工作
at
war交战
at
cards
在玩牌???????
???
at
work
在办公
at
play?
在玩耍
????at
rest在休息???????
school在上学?????
?at
press正在排印at
church在做礼拜
beyond+名词
beyond?belief难以置信
?
beyond?control不听管教。
beyond?compare无可比拟
beyond?description难以形容beyond?expression无法表达
beyond?suspicion无可怀疑
in+名词或in?+名词+of+名词
in
the
army在当兵
in
need
of需要
in
action在运转in
progress在进行
in
operation在运行中
in?use?开始使用
in?sight看得见
in?store贮藏着in?course?of?construction正在兴建当中。
in?(good)?repair维修良好的in?course?of?shipment.?定的货正在运输途中。
in?charge?of?负责?????????????????????????????in?the?charge?of?由……负责
in?possession?of?拥有??????????????????????in?the?possession?of?被……拥有
on+名词
on
business办事/出差
on
holiday/vacation/leave在休假on
watch值班
on
duty值勤/日on
guard在值勤
on
strike在罢工on
sale出售
on
loan借贷on
the
march在行军
on?trial在试用
on
the
air在广播
on?fire在燃烧on
the
move
在移动，搬迁，离开
on?show/display/
exhibition在展出
under+名词
under
control在控制之中
under
discussion在讨论underdevelopment在发展中
under
observation在观察中under
test在被测试
under
construction在建设中under
fire在炮火中???????
under
examination在检查/调查中under
consideration在考虑中
under
repair在修理中under?arrest被逮捕
under?attack受到袭击under?medical?treatment在治疗中
under?study在研究中
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.
in
effect实际上；B.
in
command指挥；C.
in
turn轮流，依次；D.
in
shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
2.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Modem
methods
___63___
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语，用of
连接，“methods
of
doing
sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
3.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
___68___
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
【答案】of/for
4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a
pack
of”意为“一群”。故填of。
5.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
for
every
two
years,
he
agreed.
【答案】删除for
【解析】时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
常见形容词
搭配
意义
absent
(be)
absent
from
缺席
(be)
absent
in
不在这里而在……
afraid
(be)
afraid
of
担心……
(be)
afraid
for
为……而担心
angry
(be)
angry
with
sb.
对某人生气
(be)
angry
at/about
sth.
因某事而生气
anxious
(be)anxious
for
sth
急于想得到
(be)anxious
about
sth./sb.
对某事/某人担心
different
(be)
different
from
与……不同
(be)
different
to
不关心
familiar
(be)
familiar
with
精通，熟悉
(be)
familiar
to
为……熟知（悉）
good
(be)
good
at
擅长于
(be)
good
for
对……有益
(be)
good
to
对……友好/态度好
popular
(be)
popular
with
sb.
受……欢迎
(be)
popular
for
因……而流行
strict
(be)
strict
with
sb.
对某人要求严格
(be)
strict
in
sth.
对某事要求严格
3．容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类
型
举
例
差一冠词，大相径庭
in
front
of（在……前面)——in
the
front
of（在……前部）
in
charge
of（负责）——in
the
charge
of（由……负责）out
of
question（毫无疑问）——out
of
the
question（不可能）
at
table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at
the
table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know
sb.认识某人——
know
about
sb.了解某人
shoot
sb.击中某人——
shoot
at
sb.向某人射击search
sb.搜身——
search
for
sb.搜寻某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话——
believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格benefit
sb.使某人受益——
benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve
the
people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter
the
room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow
me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry
sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go
abroad出国（容易在go后面加to）
live
upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加
in）
母语思维，误用介词
be
caught
in
the
rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave
for
some
place动身去某地（不用to）set
an
example
to
sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in
the
direction朝着……方向（不用to）do
a
favor
for
sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different
from和……不同（不用with）with
the
help
of在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal
sth.
from
sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read
sth.
to
sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
【难点释疑】
一、常用介词辨异
1.
about，on，of
关于
①on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于＂学术上＂的＂论文＂或＂演说＂等题目，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读，有＂论及＂之意。
②about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式，有＂述及＂之意。
③of作＂关于＂讲，表示提及、涉及某人（事）时，只表示事情存在或发生，并不涉及详情；有时与about意义相近，但有时意义很不同，常与动词know、hear、learn（听说）、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。
2.
except，except
for，except
that，but，besides，beside
①except＂除……之外＂，指不包括……，后面常接名词、代词（人称代词常用宾格），还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。
②except
for＂除了，只有＂，意思和except一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。
③except
that＂除了，只是＂，意思和except、except
for一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when、where等词引导的其他从句。
④but所含＂除……外＂的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词（主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词）之后。
⑤besides表示＂除……外还有＂，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides可用作副词，相当于also，有＂而且，加之，何况＂之意。
⑥beside也是介词，表示＂在附近＂，只不过形似besides，容易相互混淆。
如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用except，否则就用except
for。
3.
including，included
①including是一个介词，意为＂包括＂，它一般放在包括对象的前面。
②included是一个过去分词，意为＂包括＂。它一般用于被动语态中，也可放在包括对象的后面。
4.
in，later，during
都与时段名词搭配
①in作介词，同时段名词搭配，即＂in
+
时段名词＂，一般用于将来时。
②later表示＂……以后＂，常同时段名词搭配，即＂时段名词
+
later＂，常与过去时连用。
③during作介词时，同时段名词搭配，即＂during
+
时段名词＂，常与现在时或将来时等连用。
5.
in，with，by
用
①with通常指＂用＂具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示＂用＂某种手段、音调等。
②by作介词表示＂用＂时，一般指＂用＂方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。
③in指＂用＂语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。
二、介词的省略
1.
当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。
Come
any
day
you
like.
你想哪天来就哪天来。
2.
表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作＂每一……＂解时，前面不用介词。
An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.
每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。
3.
习惯搭配中介词的省略
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有：spend
money/time
(in)
doing
sth，waste
money/time
(in)
doing
sth，have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth，be
busy
doing
sth，stop/prevent
sb
(from)
doing
sth等。
三、介词不可遗漏的情况
1.
含有不及物动词的不定式在形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作状语，且构成不定式的动词与句子的主语存在动宾关系或主语是不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。
The
chair
is
comfortable
to
sit
on/in.
这把椅子坐着舒服。
The
man
is
difficult
to
work
with.
这个人很难共事。
2.
当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The
problem
is
well
worth
paying
attention
to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3.
在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。
Your
pronunciation
should
be
paid
attention
to.
你应该注意你的发音。
4.
在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The
library
which
we
often
go
to
is
not
far
away
from
our
school.
我们经常去的那个图书馆离我们的学校不远。
5.
在too...to...，enough...
to...，so...
as
to...等结构中，含有不及物动词的不定式作结果状语，构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，且该动词与主语构成动宾关系或主语为不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。
The
ice
is
too
thin
to
skate
on.
冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。
题组一
基础过关
单句改错
1.
I
lent
to
her
some
money
in
order
that
she
could
go
for
a
holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
2.
Joe
wasted
a
lot
time
before
he
got
down
to
work.
_________________________________________________________________________
3.
The
biggest
problem
was
in
that
almost
all
communication
systems
were
destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
4.
Only
a
few
months
ago,
this
area
suffered
by
the
worst
drought
in
a
century.
_________________________________________________________________________
5.
It
was
very
kind
for
them
to
invite
me
to
visit
their
country.
_________________________________________________________________________
6.
Appreciate
and
honor
what
you
have
instead
focusing
on
what
you
do
not.
_________________________________________________________________________
7.
The
boy
wanted
to
join
in
the
army
but
was
turned
down
because
he
was
under
age.
_________________________________________________________________________
8.
I
just
couldn’t
laugh
to
his
jokes
the
way
I
used
to.
_________________________________________________________________________
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.This
experience
teaches
me
a
lesson:
Never
judge
a
person
simply
________
the
first
impression.
A.in
the
form
of
B.
with
the
help
of
C.
on
the
basis
of
D.in
case
of
2.It
was
quite________
me
why
people
preferred
to
go
to
the
island
on
such
a
cold
night.
A.
against
B.
over
C.
beyond
D.
above
3.
________
our
disagreements,
we
have
been
able
to
find
some
common
ground.
A.
Beyond
B.
For
C.
Despite
D.
By
4.Sometimes
it’s
tough
to
get
off
the
couch
and
go
for
a
run.
With
so
many
digital
devices
at
your
fingertips,
how
can
you
possibly
keep________?
A.in
turn
B.in
shape
C.in
return
D.in
charge
5.I
feel
that
one
of
my
main
duties
________a
teacher
is
to
help
the
students
to
become
better
learners.
A.
for
B.
like
C.as
D.
with
6.These
comments
came
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
A.
in
memory
of
B.
in
response
to
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
possession
of
7.Most
people
work
because
it’s
unavoidable.
,
there
are
some
people
who
actually
enjoy
work.
A.
As
a
result
B.
In
addition
C.
By
contrast
D.
In
conclusion
8.A
common
memory
they
all
have_______
their
school
days
is
the
school
uniform.
A.
of
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
9.Human
life
is
regarded
as
part
of
nature
and,
as
such,
the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live_________nature.
A.
in
view
of
B.
in
need
of
C.in
touch
with
D.
in
harmony
with
10.Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
_______
Thomas
Edison.
A.
thanks
to
B.
regardless
of
C.
aside
from
D.
but
for
II.语篇填空
As
I
walked
__1__the
city
streets，I
passed
a
young
man
searching
through
a
small
block
of
land
that
contained
a
mix
of
leaves
and
rubbish.
I
was
somewhat
puzzled
why
someone
__2__him
would
be
searching
through
rubbish.
Finding
this
a
little
odd，I
asked
him，＂What
are
you
searching
__3__？＂
He
replied
very
simply
that
he
was
looking
for
money.
After
talking
__4__him
for
a
little
longer，I
found
out
that
he
had
become
homeless
after
getting
laid
__5__
from
his
job.
Since
then，he
had
been
working
__6__
part-time
jobs
in
a
doctor's
office
and
in
a
food
bank
to
earn
some
money.
But
he
made
so
little
that
he
lost
heart.
The
man
seemed
fairly
talented，although
he
was
a
little
dirty.
I
told
him
that
our
thoughts
create
our
reality，and
I
suggested
that
he
not
give
__7__
and
think
__8__
a
positive
way.
During
the
whole
talk，what
I
stressed
was
that
he
was
young
and
that
everything
was
possible.
Although
he
didn't
respond
__9__
the
spot，my
sense
told
me
that
what
I
said
seemed
to
have
an
effect
__10__
him.
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.
2.
（2018·新课标卷II·完形填空）I
still
can’t
believe
what
a
coincidence
it
was.
I’m
just
so
glad
I
was
there
___60___
to
help
my
son.
A.
on
board
B.
in
time
C.
for
sure
D.
on
purpose
3.
（2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）They
would
say
to
me
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
Still
I
was
unwilling
to
play
the
games
for
them
sometimes.
4.
（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
5.
（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of
6.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）
Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first
B.
after
all
C.
above
all
D.
at
random
6.（2017·天津·单项填空）We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.
___________,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
A.
On
average
B.
At
best
C.
In
return
D.
After
all
7.（2017·天津·完形填空）…
My
goal
was
to
lose
150
pounds
in
one
year
and
raise
$50,000
25
a
movement
founded
30
years
ago
to
end
hunger.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
need
of
C.
in
place
of
D.
in
support
of
8.
（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）There
has
been
a
recent
trend
in
the
food
service
industry
toward
lower
fat
content
and
less
salt.
This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community（医学界）
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
(effects)
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
9.
（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
suddenly
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
10.
（2017·新课标II卷·短文改错）They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
beside,
they
often
get
some
useful
information
from
the
internet.
11.
（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）I
was
searching
___67___
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
12.（2017·北京·单项填空）Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
13.（2017·江苏·单项填空）Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
14.
（2017·北京·单项填空）When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
___________
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
15.
（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
__crowds__(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
___62__
work.
题组一基础过关
单句改错
1.
去掉to
【解析】句意：我借给她一些钱，以便她能去度假。动词lend后可接双宾语，所以to多余。
2.
在time
前加of
【解析】句意：乔在开始工作前浪费了不少时间。a
lot
of为固定用法，意为＂许多＂，后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。注意：a
lot为副词短语，表程度。
3.
去掉in
【解析】句意：最大的难题是，几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知，句中用that引导表语从句。
4.
by
→
from
【解析】句意：仅在几个月前，这个地区遭受了一次本世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。suffer
from为固定用法，意为＂忍受，遭受＂。
5.
for
→
of
【解析】句意：他们很好，邀请我访问他们的国家。＂
It’s
kind
of
sb
to
do
sth＂为固定句型。注意：在＂It
is/was
+
adj.
+of/for
sb
to
do＂句型中，当形容词为easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary等时用介词for，而当形容词为描述人的品德及特征的kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish等时用介词of。
6.
在instead后加of
【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所拥有的，而不是将注意力放在你没有的东西上。instead
of
为复合介词，意为＂而不是＂。
7.
去掉
in
【解析】句意：这个男孩想参军，但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join表示＂参加，加入(某个组织)＂时，
后面不加介词in；表示＂参加(某项活动)＂时，才加
in。
8.
第一个to
→
at
【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh
at为固定搭配，意为＂嘲笑，因……而发笑＂。
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in
the
form
of＂以……的形式＂，with
the
help
of＂在……的帮助下＂，on
the
basis
of
＂以……为基础＂，in
case
of＂如果，假使＂。结合语境可知选C。
2.C
【解析】考查介词。句意：我很不理解为什么人们愿意在那样冷的一个晚上登那个岛。against＂反对＂，over＂翻越，在……上面＂，above＂在……上面，超过＂，均不符合句意。be
beyond
sb.＂某人无法理解＂，符合句意，故选C。
3.C
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：尽管我们存在分歧，但仍能找到一些共同点。despite＂即使，尽管＂，符合句意。
4.B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：有时，很难从沙发上站起来，稍微活动一下。手边有那么多数码设备，你怎么可能保持健康呢？in
shape＂健康＂，符合句意。in
turn＂轮流，相应地＂；in
return
＂作为回报＂；in
charge＂负责＂。?
5.C
【解析】句意：我觉得作为教师，其主要职责之一就是帮助学生成为更好的学习者。as作介词有＂作为＂的意思，符合语境。?
6.B
【解析】句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。in
memory
of纪念；
in
response
to回应；
in
touch
with联系；in
possession
of拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案是B。
7.C
【解析】句意：很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。As
a
result意为结果，In
addition
意为此外，
By
contrast意为相反，
In
conclusion意为结论。＂不可避免＂表述到一种无奈，也就是说，很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是＂事实上有些人喜欢工作＂，
＂喜欢＂和＂不得不＂刚好构成一种否定，所以选C。
8.A
【解析】考查介词辨析。of关于，表示从属关系；
on表示在……之上；
to表示对于；
with表示和……在一起。句意：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。have
a
memory
of对……有记忆，是固定短语，故选A。
9.D
【解析】考查短语辨析。
in
view
of在……眼里；
in
need
of需要；
in
touch
with和……接触；
In
harmony
with与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词，该句意思为：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意，故选D。
10.D
【解析】句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。thanks
to
＂多亏＂，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成＂_____?Thomas
?Edison,
now?we?can?benefit?from
many?of?the?things
?around?us.＂则选A项；B项＂不管，不顾＂；C项＂除了＂；D项＂要不是＂，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。
II.语篇填空
1.along/down
2.like
3.for
4.with
5.off
6.on
7.up
8.in
9.on
10.on
题组三体验真题
1.to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
2.
B
【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A.
on
board在船上；B.
in
time及时；C.
for
sure肯定；D.
on
purpose目的。故选B项切题。
3.for改为with
【解析】考查介词。play
the
games
with
sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
4.A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr.
Lee见面）。make
an
appointment
for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
5.A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照；与...一致；B.
in
reply
to答复；C.
in
return
for作为
...
的报酬；D.
in
honour
of为纪念。故选A。
6.B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A.
at
first起初；B.
after
all毕竟，终究。C.
above
all首先；D.
at
random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。
6.C
【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A.
平均起来，一般说来；B.
最多，充其量；C.
作为回报；D.
毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。
7.
D
【解析】根据上文raise
$50,000可知，此处表示＂为了支持三十年前为了结束饥饿而创办的一项活动＂。A.
为了寻找；B.
需要；C.
代替；D.
为了支持。故选D。
8.as
考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身份＂，故填as。
9.第一处：suddenly改为sudden
考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示＂意外地，忽然地＂。sudden为形容词，表示＂突然的；迅速的＂，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a
sudden
stop表示＂急刹车＂。
第二处：on改为of
考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示＂在路中间急刹车＂，on
the
road表示＂在路上＂，the
middle
of
the
road表示＂路的中央＂，强调的是＂the
middle＂，故将on改为of。
10.第一处：将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。
第二处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，＂在……旁边＂，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。
11.for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search
for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
12.B
【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
13.D
【解析】考查介词短语。A.
in
contrast
to对比，截然不同；B.
in
defense
of为……辩护；C.
in
face
of面对；D.
in
relation
to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
14.A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be
among
位于……之间；be
against
反对；be
behind
在……后面；be
below在……之下。根据句意，故选A。
15.from【解析】考查介词，to
and
from来回，故填from。
