考点15非谓语动词
【复习建议】
1.
掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义；
2.
掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态；
3.
掌握非谓语动词的句法功能；
4.
掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。
非谓语动词的形式和意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
考向一非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
?To
keep
themselves
awake
they
sat
on
the
floor
and
told
each
other
stories.
为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。
?We
hurried
to
the
station，only
to
be
told
that
the
train
had
left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。
?We’re
proud
to
be
young
people
of
China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to
do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。
?The
chair
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
on.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）__________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
A.
To
enjoy
B.
Enjoying
C.
To
have
enjoyed
D.
Enjoy
【参考答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）
You
don’t
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
62
(see)
the
benefit.
【参考答案】to
see
【答案解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to
see。
3.(2017·天津卷·单项填空)I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
________.
A.
catching
B.
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
to
be
caught
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因为我要赶一班火车。
【解题技巧】
动词的不定式用法口诀：
2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
?Satisfied
with
what
he
did，the
teacher
praised
him
in
class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having
done)。
?Having
cleaned
the
desks，we
began
reading.
擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having
been
done)。
?Having
been
shown
the
classrooms，we
were
taken
to
see
the
library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
mountain，the
city
is
very
beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
?Seeing
from
the
top
of
the
hill，we
find
the
park
even
more
beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
1.（2019·新课标II卷·短文改错）All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
【参考答案】All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
2.
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded
D.
exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
3.(2017·天津卷)
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
________
more
patients
to
be
treated.
A.
being
allowed
B.
allowing
C.
having
allowed
D.
allowed
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.?ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。
考向二 非谓语动词作宾语
1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;
refuse，manage，care，pretend;
offer，promise，choose，plan;
agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
?She
pretended
not
to
see
me
when
I
passed
by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2．有些动词只能用动名词作宾语
【巧学妙记】巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：?
?I
would
appreciate
your
calling
back
this
afternoon.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
3．下列短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语
be
used/accustomed
to，lead
to，devote
to，stick
to，object
to，
?He
has
accustomed
to
living
the
small
village.
他已经习惯了住在这个小乡村。
?We
are
looking
forward
to
coming
to
China.
我们期待着来中国。
4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意
?I
didn’t
mean
to
hurt
you.我本无意伤害你。
?Doing
morning
exercises
means
getting
up
early.
做早操意味着早起床。
1.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）But
some
students
didn't
want
___63___
(wear)
the
uniform.
【参考答案】to
wear
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want
to
do
sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to
wear。
2.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists
have
responded
by
___67___
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
【参考答案】noting
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.
（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）You
may
drink,
smoke,
be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
63
(die)
early
by
running.
【参考答案】
dying
【答案解析】你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
4.After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
A.
to
thank
B.
thanking
C.
having
thanked
D.
to
have
thanked
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne
Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go
on
to
do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。
考向三 非谓语动词作宾补
1．感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look
at，notice，hear，listen
to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
?I
saw
him
leave
a
few
minutes
ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
?To
learn
English
well，we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
2．使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况
The
teacher
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
?Let
those
in
need
understand
that
we
will
go
all
out
to
help
them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
?He
had
the
fire
burning
all
night.他让火燃烧了一夜。
?He
tried
to
get
his
work
recognized
in
the
medical
circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
1.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
____70____
(stay)and
watch.
【参考答案】
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow
sb
to
do允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to
stay。
2.
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my
photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
3.Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
_____
live
is
quite
another.
A.
perform
B.
performing
C.
to
perform
D.
being
performed
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear
sb./sth.
doing
表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
考向四 非谓语动词作定语
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
?A
young
teacher
teaching
English
came
to
apply
for
the
position.
一位教英语的年轻老师来申请这个工作岗位。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。
?Tsinghua
University，founded
in
1911，is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。
3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
?The
question
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award，proud
Irene
___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans
___65___
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
【参考答案】to
retire
【答案解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to
do
sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to
retire。
2.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）When
we
got
a
call
___68___
(say)she
was
short-listed，we
thought
it
was
___a__
joke.
【参考答案】saying
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
3.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
________
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，________
with
his
students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，
故选
D
。句意：吉姆已经退休了，
但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
考向五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
?Eating
too
much
chocolate
is
bad
for
your
teeth.
吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。
?To
complete
that
building
in
ten
months
was
a
great
achievement.
那座楼10个月就盖成是一个了不起的成就。
2．动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
?Our
job
is
playing
all
kinds
of
music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
?His
ambition
is
to
go
to
Harvard
University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
3．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
?It’s
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
(2018·北京卷·单项填空）
_________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience
A.
Travel
B.
Traveling
C.
Having
traveled
D.
Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____
along
the
old
Silk
Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
考向六 独立主格结构
一、独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1.
名词/代词+形容词
?I
heard
that
she
got
injured
in
the
accident
,
my
heart
full
of
worry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
?He
stood
silent
in
the
moon-light,
his
door
open
.月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2.
名词/代词+现在分词
?Winter
coming
，it
gets
colder
and
colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
?The
rain
having
stopped
,he
went
out
for
a
walk.
雨停了，他出去散散步。
3.
名词/代词+过去分词
?More
time
given
,we
should
have
done
it
much
better.
如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
?The
boy
stood
there
,
his
right
hand
raised.
那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4.
名词/代词（主格）+不定式
?Here
are
the
first
two
volumes
,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
month.
?这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
?The
two
boy
said
good-bye
to
each
other
,one
to
go
home
,the
other
to
go
to
his
friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5.
名词/代词+介词短语
?The
huntsman
entered
the
forest
,gun
in
hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里
gun
in
hand
还可以说成
with
a
gun
in
hand。
但不可以说
a
gun
in
hand
或
gun
in
his
hand。
6.
名词/代词+副词
?Nobody
in
,the
thief
took
a
lot
of
things
away.
由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
?Lunch
over
,he
left
the
house
.But
he
was
thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7.
名词/代词+名词
?He
fought
the
wolf
,a
stick
his
only
weapon.
他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8.
with
复合结构
它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
?Holms
and
Watson
sat
with
the
light
on
for
half
an
hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
?He
used
to
sleep
with
the
door
open
.
他过去常开着门睡觉
（形容词）
?With
a
boy
leading
the
way
,they
started
towards
the
village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
?With
the
work
done
,he
went
home.
工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
?With
you
to
help
us,
we
will
finish
the
task
in
time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
?Hong
Kong
looks
more
beautiful
with
thou-sands
of
lights
on
night
.
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在with
复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
二、独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1.
作时间状语
?The
work
done(=After
the
work
had
been
done)
,
we
went
home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
2.
作条件状语
?Weather
permitting(＝If
weather
permits)
,
they
will
go
on
an
outing
to
the
beach
tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3.
作原因状语
?An
important
lecture
to
be
given
tomorrow(=As
an
important
lecture
will
be
given
tomorrow)
,
the
professor
has
to
stay
up
late
into
the
night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4.
作伴随状语
?He
was
lying
on
the
grass,
his
hands
crossed
under
his
head(=and
his
hands
were
crossed
under
his
head)
.
他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5.
表补充说明
?A
hunter
came
in,
his
face
red
with
cold(=and
his
face
was
red
with
cold)
.
一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
Much
time
_____
sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
A.
being
spent
B.
having
spent
C.
spent
D.
spending
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
题组一
基础过关
I.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver，but
he
refused
________
(stop)until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
2.After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress，Anne
Benedict
went
on
________
(thank)
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
3.I
got
to
the
office
earlier
that
day，________
(catch)
the
7：30
train
from
Paddington.
4.When
the
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile，she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground，________
(wonder)
whether
to
stay
or
leave.
5.________
(catch)the
early
flight，we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
6.One
morning，I
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop，worried
about
________
(be)late
for
school.
7.It
took
years
of
work
________
(reduce)the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.
9.Like
ancient
sailors，birds
can
find
their
way
________
(use)the
sun
and
the
stars.
9.Keep
________
(hold)your
position
for
a
while.It
helps
develop
your
strength
and
flexibility.
10.
________
(raise)
in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow，he
had
a
long，hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
题组二
能力提升
I．单项填空
1.The
number
of
Internet
users
in
China
________hit
604
million
by
the
end
of
September
in
2013,
with
mobile
phones
________the
favored
means
of
accessing
the
Web.
A.
had;
becoming
B.
have;
became
C.
has;
to
become
D.
have;
becomes
2.Most
of
her
spare
time
________,
she
still
kept
on
her
research
in
the
library.
A.
occupied
B.
had
been
occupied
C.to
be
occupied
D.
was
occupied
3.Many
people
are
believed
________their
homes
in
the
past
month
as
a
result
of
the
flood.
A.to
leave
B.to
have
left
C.to
be
leaving
D.to
be
left
4.________of
risk
in
the
street
at
night,
the
girl
had
to
go
home,
with
a
friend
accompanying
her.
A.
Warning
B.
Having
warned
C.
Having
been
warned
D.
to
be
warned
5.When
________about
the
reason
for
winning
the
prize,
the
girl
owed
the
success
to
her
teachers.
A.
asked
B.
asking
C.
being
asked
D.
having
asked
6.She
suggested
several
ideas
to
help
him
keep
the
children__________.
A.
being
entertained
B.to
entertain
C.
entertained
D.to
be
entertained
7.A
Chinese
passenger
was
among
people
________when
a
Mozambique
Airlines
plane
crashed
in
a
national
park
in
northeastern
Namibia
________all
on
board.
A.
killing;
to
kill
B.
killed;
killed
C.
having
killed;
killing
D.
killed;
killing
8.The
lake
water
is
polluted
by
chemicals
from
the
factory,
and
the
water
is
not
fit
________any
longer.
A.to
be
drunk
B.
being
drunk
C.to
drink
it
D.to
drink
9.The
soldier
narrowly
escaped
________in
the
fierce
battle.
A.
have
killed
B.
killing
C.to
be
killed
D.
being
killed
10.Your
father
died
when
you
were
very
young,
________me
with
the
full
burden
of
bringing
you
up.
A.to
leave
B.
left
C.
leaving
D.
being
left
II．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last
October,
while
tending
her
garden
in
Mora,
Sweden,
Lena
Pahlsson
pulled
out
a
handful
of
small
1
(carrot)
and
was
about
to
throw
them
away.
But
something
made
her
look
closer,
and
she
noticed
a
2
(shine)
object.
Yes,
there
beneath
the
leafy
top
of
one
tiny
carrot
was
her
long-lost
wedding
ring.
Pahlsson
screamed
3
loudly
that
her
daughter
came
running
from
the
house.
＂She
thought
I
had
hurt
4
(I),＂says
Pahlsson.
Sixteen
years
5
(early),
Pahlsson
had
removed
the
diamond
ring
6
(cook)
a
meal.
When
she
wanted
to
put
the
ring
back
on
later,
it
was
gone.
She
suspected
that
one
of
her
three
daughters
—
then
ten,
eight,
and
six—had
picked
it
up,
but
the
girls
said
they
hadn’t.
Pahlsson
and
her
husband
7
(search)
the
kitchen,
checking
every
corner,
but
turned
up
nothing.
＂I
gave
up
hope
of
finding
my
ring
again,＂
she
says.
She
never
replaced
it.
Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
8
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish
and
was
spread
over
the
garden,
9
it
remained
until
the
carrot’s
leafy
top
accidentally
sprouted
(生长)
through
it.
For
Pahlsson,
its
return
was
10
wonder.
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem
methods
___of__
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
___64___
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
2.
（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously
___2___
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
_myself_(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
3.（2018·天津卷）
I
didn't
mean
________anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help_______
it.
A.
to
eat；to
try
B.
eating；trying
C.
eating；to
try
D.
to
eat；
trying
4.(2017·江苏)
Many
Chinese
brands,
________their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
5.（2016
?
北京）________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
6.（2016
?
北京）
Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
7.（2016·江苏）To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,
I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
_________in
Australia
in
2012.
A.having
conducted
B.to
be
conducted
C.conducting
D.conducted
8.(2016·北京)______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
9.(2016·江苏)In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________within
the
work.
A.to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
10.（2016
?
天津）The
cooling
wind
swept
through
out
bedroom
windows,
________
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
A.
making
B.
to
make
C.
made
D.
being
made
题组一
基础过关
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.to
stop
2.to
thank
3.having
caught
4.wondering
5.To
catch
6.being
7.to
reduce
8.using
9.holding
10.Raised
题组二
能力提升
I．单项填空
1.A
【解析】考查时态和with的复合结构。由句中的"by
the
end
of
September
of
this
year"可知谓语应用had，表示"过去的过去"。第二空处是with的复合结构"with+宾语+宾语补足语"。become与"mobile
phones"之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式becoming。
2.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的大部分时间都被占了，她仍然坚持在图书馆里从事研究工作。空格后为句子，且题干中没有连词，由此可知此处是独立主格结构，可排除B项和D项。由句意可知，此处不表示将来的行为，故选A。
3.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为，由于洪灾，在过去的一个月里很多人离开家园。be
believed
to
do"人们认为"，该短语中的不定式可根据需要采用不同的形式。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。
4.C
【解析】考查现在分词的完成被动式。句意：由于已经被警告过夜晚街上的危险，那个女孩不得不让一个朋友陪着她回家。动词warn与其逻辑主语the
girl是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故排除A项和B项，由于"被提醒"这一动作发生在"回家"这一动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式。故选C。
5.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及获奖的原因时，这个女孩把成功归功于她的老师们。When后面的句子补充完整是"When
she
was
asked"，按照状语从句的省略原则，省略主语she和be动词，所以选A项。
6.C
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：她出了几个主意帮助他逗孩子们开心。"keep+宾语+宾语补足语"结构中，动词作宾语补足语一般用其现在分词或过去分词形式，故排除B和D;being
entertained"正在被娱乐"，与句意不符，故排除A。"keep+宾语+宾语补足语"结构中，宾语children与entertain为动宾关系，故选C。?
7.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空用过去分词作定语，表示被动；第二空用现在分词作结果状语。句意：一架莫桑比克航空公司的客机在纳米比亚东北地区的一个国家公园里坠毁时，机上全部人员遇难，其中有一位中国籍乘客。?
8.D
【解析】形容词fit后跟不定式结构要求用主动形式表示被动意义，注意drink后不再跟宾语it。故选D。
9.D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位士兵差一点在激烈的战斗中阵亡。escape后接动名词作宾语，"The
soldier"与动词kill之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选D项。?
10.C
【解析】根据逗号及逗号后无连词可知此处应作状语，主语father与leave之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词表示合乎逻辑的结果。故选C。句意：你父亲在你很小的时候就去世了，留下我一个人承担抚养你的全部责任。
II．语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena
Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。
1.
carrots
【解析】考查名词。根据＂a
handful
of
＂可知要用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。
2.
shiny/shining
【解析】考查形容词。a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。
3.
so
【解析】考查固定结构。根据空后的＂loudly
that
her
daughter
came
running
from
the
house＂可知这里为so…that结构，意为＂如此……以至于＂，故填so。
4.
myself
【解析】考查代词。主语为I，横线处为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为＂我＂弄伤了自己。故填myself。
5.
earlier
【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。
6.
to
cook
【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填to
cook。
7.
searched
【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but
turned
up
nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故填searched。
8.
swept
【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。
9.
where
【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the
garden，表示地点，故填关系副词where。
10.
a
【解析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填a。
题组三
体验真题
1.to
perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to
perform。
2.facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3.D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean
to
do（打算做），couldn’t
help
doing忍不住做。故选D。
4.A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。many
Chinese
brands与develop是逻辑上的主谓关系，也是主动关系，再根据over
centuries(数百年了)可知“发展”的动作在“面临挑战”之前早就完成了，故用现在分词的完成式，故选A项。句意：许多已经发展了几个世纪的声誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
5.D
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。这里动不定式短语作目的状语，故选D。
6.B
【解析】考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故选B。
7.D
【解析】句意：回到水污染这个问题，我想让你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。在该句中，要注意区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a
study，与conduct构成被动关系，所以根据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动，A项和C项是主动关系要排除，同时B项不定式表示＂将来＂，而根据语意，此处为已经完成的动作，也可以排除，所以选D项。
8.D
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order
books/books
are
ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because
they
were
ordered...，故选D。
9.B
【解析】考查分词作定语。本句中名词短语a
secret
message与动词hide构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语hidden
within
the
work在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a
secret
message，相当于定语从句that
is
hidden
within
the
work。AC项表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符。故B正确。
10.A
【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是表示预料不到的结果。故选A。
不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。
没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
not
加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
避免错过少延期，?建议完成多练习，?
喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，?
逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。??
avoid,
miss,
delay,??suggest,
finish,
practice,
enjoy,
imagine,
resist,
admit,
deny?,
envy,
?escape,
risk,
pardon,
?stand,
keep,
mind考点12
完成进行时
考向一
现在完成进行时
1.
现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
We
have
been
waiting
for
him
for
two
hours.
2.
现在完成进行时的结构
have/has
been
+
doing
3.
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
this
month/week/year，these
days，recently/lately，in
the
past
few+时间段，since
+时间点，for+时间段。
They
have
been
building
the
bridge
for
two
months.
They
have
been
planting
trees
this
month.
这个月他们在植树。
4.
现在完成进行时的用法
（1）表示动作的延续
The
Chinese
have
been
making
paper
for
two
thousand
years.
中国有2，000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I
have
been
learning
English
since
three
years
ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作）
We
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
half
an
hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）
★
有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They
have
been
living
in
this
city
for
ten
years.
They
have
lived
in
this
city
for
ten
years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I
have
been
working
here
for
five
years.
I
have
worked
here
for
five
years.
我在这里已经工作两年了。
★大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I
have
been
writing
a
book.
我一直在写一本书。（动作还将继续下去）
I
have
written
a
book.
我已经写了一本书。（动作已经完成）
They
have
been
building
a
bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They
have
built
a
bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
★表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I
have
known
him
for
years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I
have
been
knowing...（×）
★
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌等。
常见考法：1.
现在完成进行时的基本用法；2.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别；3.
现在完成进行时和其他时态的搭配。误区提醒：1.
现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清；2.
不能准确区分现在完成进行和现在完成时的区别；3.
时态搭配上出现错误。
【疑难辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的辨析：
（1）现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性
Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?你最近常和他见面吗？
Have
you
met
him
recently?你最近见到过他吗？
（2）现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）?
I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
（3）现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果
Who
has
been
eating
the
oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
Who
has
eaten
the
oranges?谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
1.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
____________
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.
waited
B.
wait
C.
would
be
waiting
D.
have
been
waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
2.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）Dashan,
who
____________
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
A.will
be
learning
B.
is
learning
C.
had
been
learning
D.
has
been
learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是＂for
decades几十年来＂，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以要用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
考向二
过去完成进行时
1.
构成：过去完成进行时是由＂had
been
+现在分词＂构成。
She
had
been
suffering
from
a
bad
cold
when
she
took
the
exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had
they
been
expecting
the
news
for
some
time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
2.
用法：
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态,
上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
I
had
been
looking
for
it
for
days
before
I
found
it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着。
They
had
only
been
waiting
for
the
bus
a
few
minutes
when
it
came.
他们只等了几分钟车就来了。
（2）表示反复的动作。
He
had
been
mentioning
your
name
to
me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
（3）过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The
doctor
asked
what
he
had
been
eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I
asked
where
they
had
been
staying
all
those
days.
我问他们那些天待在哪儿。
（4）过去完成进行时之后也可接具有＂突然＂之意的when从句。
I
had
only
been
reading
a
few
minutes
when
he
came
in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She’d
only
been
reviewing
her
lessons
for
a
short
while
when
her
little
sister
interrupted
her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
1.
He
____________
research
in
the
US
for
many
years,
but
when
he
came
back,
he
became
a
businessman.
A.had
been
doing
B.has
been
doing
C.did
D.has
done
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成进行时。句意：他在美国作了许多年的研究，但是回来之后，他却成了一位商人。根据时间状语从句＂when
he
came
back＂可知，＂作研究＂是过去的过去一直在进行的动作，要用过去完成进行时。故选A。
2.
The
crazy
fans
____________
patiently
in
the
rain
for
almost
three
hours,
and
they
would
wait
until
the
famous
star
arrived.
A.
were
waiting
B.
have
waited
C.
had
been
waiting
D.
would
wait
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。因为would
wait是过去将来时，可见此事发生在过去，再结合for
two
hours可知，wait这个动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻，并且还在等，一直要等到那位影星到来，所以用过去完成进行时：had
been
doing，因此选C项。
考向二
将来完成进行时
1.将来完成进行时的用法
将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间（即说话者人提及的时间），是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。如：
By
this
time
next
week,
I
will
have
been
working
for
this
company
for
24
years.?
到下星期此刻，我已经为该公司干了24年了。
If
we
don’t
hurry
up
the
store
will
have
been
closing
before
we
get
there.?
咱们若不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。
2.将来完成进行时的构成
将来完成进行时由“will
/
shall
have
been+现在分词”构成。
By
the
end
of
this
year
he’ll
have
been
acting
for
thirty
years.?到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
I
shall
have
been
working
here
in
this
factory
for
twenty
years
by
the
end
of
the
year.?
到今年年底，我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。?
3.将来完成进行时连用的时间状语
与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”，见上面的例子。当然除“by+将来时间”外，连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如：
He
will
have
been
working
all
day.?他整天将都在工作。
She
will
have
been
having
treatment
all
her
life.?她将终生受到治疗。
I’ll
have
been
teaching
for
thirty
years
this
winter.?到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。
4.将来完成进行时的情态意义
“will
/
shall
have
been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外，有时其中的?will?也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。如：
They
will
have
been
having
a
holiday
yesterday.?他们昨天大概是在度假。
You’ll
have
been
wondering
all
this
time
how
my
invention
works.?
我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。
5.将来完成进行时用于状语从句的变体
正如我们通常要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时以及用现在完成时代替将来完成时等一样，如果因语义的需要，我们需要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中使用将来完成进行时，那么我们通常要用现在完成进行时代替将来完成进行时。如：
I’ll
have
finished
in
the
bathroom
in
a
few
minutes.?我一会儿就用完浴室了。
As
soon
as
I
have
finished
I’ll
give
you
a
call.?我一完事儿，就给你打电话。
题组一
基础过关
1.
Good
Heavens!
You
are
here,
Mary!
Your
parents
told
me
this
morning
that
they
____________
worried
about
you
and
they
____________
you
back
the
whole
night.
A.were；were
expecting
B.had
been；had
been
expecting
C.had
been；were
expecting
D.were；had
been
expecting
2.
To
my
great
joy,
I
got
a
chance
to
take
a
photo
with
Andy
after
the
concert,
which
I
____________
forward
to
for
years.
A.have
been
looking
B.had
been
looking
C.looked
D.had
looked
3.
—Why,
boys,
you
look
so
tired!
—Well,
we
____________
all
the
way
home.
A.have
been
running
B.had
been
running
C.will
be
running
D.had
run
4.
Marty
____________
really
hard
on
his
book
and
thinks
he’ll
have
finished
it
by
Friday.
A.
worked
B.
has
been
working
C.
had
worked
D.
has
worked
5.
Excuse
me,
Madam.
Ellen,
a
journalist
from
the
Daily
Mail
____________
all
day.
Could
you
speak
to
him
now?
A.phones
B.has
phoned
C.phoned
D.has
been
phoning
6.
Housing
prices
____________
since
the
end
of
last
year.
Therefore,
it’s
time
the
central
government
____________
some
effective
measures
to
bring
them
under
control.
A.have
increased；would
take
B.have
increased；will
take
C.have
been
increasing；takes
D.have
been
increasing；took
7.
—Wow,
I
didn’t
know
you
play
golf
so
well.
—I
____________
for
the
last
6
months.
A.play
B.
played
C.am
playing
D.have
been
playing
8.
—I
have
failed
in
the
driving
test
again.
I
____________
hard
on
it
but...
—Never
say
die.
In
fact,
the
new
rules
are
too
difficult
but
you
are
making
progress.
A.work
B.worked
C.have
been
worked
D.had
been
working
9.
I
wonder
if
John
has
forgotten
my
number.
I
____________
him
to
call
me
for
the
past
two
hours.
A.was
expecting
B.have
expected
C.have
been
expecting
D.expected
10.
She
apologized
to
beg
his
forgiveness.
After
all,
they
____________
business
for
many
years.
A.had
been
doing
B.have
been
doing
C.have
done
D.did
题组二
能力提升
语法填空
My
wife
and
I
like
watching
plays,
so
we’ll
go
to
the
theater
whenever
we
have
time.
But
before
we
buy
tickets,
we
would
like
to
know
if
the
play
is
good
or
bad.
When
a
new
play
comes,
we? 1 (usual)
read
the
newspaper
to
get
information
about
it.
Last
week
a
new
play
was
put
on
at
the
theater.
The
newspaper
said
it
was
very? 2 (interest)
so
we
decided
to
go
on
Saturday
night.
My
wife
took
a
long
time
to
make
up
her? 3 about
what
to
wear
and
we
left
our
house
a
little
late.? 4 the
time
we
got
to
the
theater,
the
first
act
had
already? 5 (begin).
After
the
play
was
over,
we
met
some
friends,? 6 lived
next
to
us
several
years
ago.
Then
we
went
dancing.
By
the
time
we
got
home,
it
was
about
two
o’clock
in
the
morning.
I’m
not
accustomed
to? 7 (stay)
out
so
late
and
I
was? 8 (extreme)
tired.
When
I
was
younger,
I
didn’t
have
the
money
to
go
out
for? 9 evening
like
this.
Though
I
can
afford
it
now,
I
don’t
have
the
energy? 10 (enjoy)
it.
题组三
体验真题
1.
(2018·新课标III卷改编)
In
fact,
tradition
also
refers
to
the
things
that
have
been
developing
and
that
are
still
being
created.
2.(2017·新课标I卷改编)Since
1962,
Pacific
Science
Center
________(inspire)
a
passion(热情)
for
discovery
and
lifelong
learning
in
science,
math
and
technology.
3.
(2017·新课标II卷改编)
Inventors
________(try)
to
make
flying
cars
since
the
1930s,
according
to
Robert
Mann,
an
airline
industry
expert.
4.
(2017·浙江卷改编)
His
father
said
that
the
cat
must
be
sick.
Benjamin
was
forced
to
admit
what
he
_________(
do).
5.(2015·陕西)Mary
really
hard
on
his
book
and
thinks
he’ll
have
finished
it
by
Friday.
A.
worked
B.
has
been
working
C.
had
worked
D.
has
worked
6.(2015·福建)—Where
is
Peter?
I
can't
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
his
essay
there
ever
since.
A.
wrote
B.
had
written
C.
has
been
writing
D.
is
writing
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.
D
【解析】考查时态。句意：天啊！玛丽，你在这儿！你的父母今天早晨告诉我他们很担心你，一整个晚上他们一直盼着你回去。根据句意可知，第一个空应用一般过去时，排除B、C两项；根据时间状语the
whole
night可知，第二个空要用进行时，表示在过去一段时间内持续的动作，又因expect这一动作发生在told之前，所以第二个空用过去完成进行时。
2.
B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：让我非常高兴的是，在演唱会后我有机会和Andy拍照，这是我多年一直盼望的事情。由句中的got可知，空处指的是过去的过去一直在做的事情，故用过去完成进行时，所以选B。
3.
A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——孩子们，你们看起来是这么的累！——我们一路上一直是跑着回家的。根据句意可知表达的意思是回家的路上一直是跑着的，应该用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去结束，一直持续到现在，并且还有可能会继续持续下去。A项为现在完成进行时，B项为过去完成进行时，C项为一般将来进行时，D项为过去完成时。故选A项。
4.
B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
5.
D
【解析】考查时态。句意：对不起，夫人，来自the
Daily
Mail
的记者Ellen一天都在打电话。你现在可以和他谈话吗？根据语境可知用现在完成进行时，表示过去到现在一直在做某事。故选D。
6.
D
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：自从去年底，房价一直在上涨。因此，中央政府到了采取有效措施控制房价的时候了。和since
the
end
of
last
year
搭配用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；It
is
time+从句中，从句的谓语用should
do或过去式表示虚拟语气。故选D。
7.
D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——喔，我不知道你高尔夫球打得这么好。——我已经打了六个月了。和for
the
last
6
months
搭配用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故选D。
8.
D
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据第一个人说的话中的＂have
failed＂可知，＂考试＂这个动作发生在过去，＂考试失败＂这个结果影响到了现在。而＂work＂这个动作发生在考试之前且在过去的一段时间内一直在进行，故用过去完成进行时。
9.
C
【解析】句意：我想知道约翰是否忘记了我的电话号码。在过去的两个小时里，我一直期待他给我打电话。根据句意和时间状语＂for
the
past
two
hours＂可知，本句要用现在完成进行时。故选C。
10.
A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：她道歉恳请他原谅。毕竟他们(彼此)做生意好多年了。＂道歉＂这一动作发生在过去，＂做生意＂这一动作是从过去的过去某一时间点开始的动作一直延续到过去(道歉)，故要用过去完成进行时。
题组二
能力提升
语法填空
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子的爱好以及作者和妻子去看戏的经历。
1.usually
【解析】考查副词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰动词
read。句意:当一部新戏上演的时候,我们通常读报纸得到关于这部戏的信息。
2.interesting
【解析】考查形容词的用法。此处的主语it指物,故应用提示词的形容词形式interesting"有趣的"。
3.mind
【解析】考查名词的用法。make
up
one’s
mind是固定短语,表示"下定决心"。
句意:我的妻子花了很长时间决定穿什么,因此我们离开家的时候有点晚。
4.By
【解析】考查介词的用法。根据主句谓语"had
already
(begin)"可知,这里的时间状语应该为by
the
time..."到……时候为止"。句意:当我们到达剧院的时候,第一幕已经开始了。
5.begun
【解析】考查动词的用法。由空前的had可知此处应用动词begin的过去分词形式。
6.who
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:戏剧表演结束之后,我们遇到几个朋友,他们几年前曾住在我们的隔壁。先行词some
friends指人,关系词在从句中作主语,又因为是非限制性定语从句,故此空填who。
7.staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be
accustomed
to
doing
sth."习惯于做某事",此固定短语中的to为介词,故应该用staying。
8.extremely
【解析】考查副词的用法。此空后面是形容词tired,所以用副词修饰形容词。故此空填extremely。此处表示我非常累。
9.an
【解析】考查冠词的用法。此处表示泛指且evening的发音是以元音音素开头的,故用不定冠词an。an
evening一个晚上。句意:当我年轻的时候,我没有钱像这样出去玩一个晚上。
10.to
enjoy
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have
the
energy
to
do
sth.表示"有精力去做某事"。句意:尽管现在我能负担得起,但是我却没有精力去享受。
题组三体验真题
1.
have
been
developing
【解析】此处表示develop这个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
2.
has
been
inspiring
【解析】此处表示inspire这个动作从过去1962年开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
3.
have
been
trying
【解析】此处表示try这个动作从过去the
1930s年开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
4.
had
been
doing
【解析】根据语境可知，此处要用过去完成进行时。
5.B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
6.C
【解析】考查现在完成进行时。根据句意：——彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。——他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在，所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选C。考点13
将来时
考向一
一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will
所代替。will
在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which
paragraph
shall
I
read
first?
我先读哪一段呢？
Will
you
be
at
home
at
seven
this
evening?
今晚七点回家好吗？
2.be
going
to
+不定式，表示将来。
a.
主语的意图，即将做某事。
What
are
you
going
to
do
tomorrow?
明天打算作什么呢？
b.
计划或安排要发生的事。
The
play
is
going
to
be
produced
next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c.
有迹象要发生的事。
Look
at
the
dark
clouds,
there
is
going
to
be
a
storm.
看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be
+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We
are
to
discuss
the
report
next
Saturday.
我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be
about
to
+不定式，意为马上做某事。
He
is
about
to
leave
for
Beijing.
他马上要去北京。
注意：be
about
to
do
不能与tomorrow,
next
week
等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a.
下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The
train
leaves
at
six
tomorrow
morning.
火车明天上午六点开。
—When
does
the
bus
star?
汽车什么时候开？
—It
stars
in
ten
minutes.
十分钟后。
b.
以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here
comes
the
bus.
=
The
bus
is
coming.
车来了。
There
goes
the
bell.
=
The
bell
is
ringing.
铃响了。
c.
在时间或条件句中。
When
Bill
comes不是will
come.,
ask
him
to
wait
for
me.
比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll
write
to
you
as
soon
as
I
arrive
there.
我到了那里，就写信给你。
d.
在动词hope，take
care
that，make
sure
that等的宾语从句中。
I
hope
they
have
a
nice
time
next
week.
我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make
sure
that
the
windows
are
closed
before
you
leave
the
room.
离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come,
go,
arrive,
leave,
start,
begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m
leaving
tomorrow.
明天我要走了。
Are
you
staying
here
till
next
week?
你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
be
going
to
用于条件句时，be
going
to表将来
If
you
are
going
to
make
a
journey,
you’d
better
get
ready
for
it
as
soon
as
possible.
will
用于条件句时，will表意愿
Now
if
you
will
take
off
your
clothes,
we
will
fit
the
new
clothes
on
you
in
front
of
the
mirror.
如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。
be
to
表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事
I
am
to
play
football
tomorrow
afternoon.
(客观安排)
be
going
to
表示主观的打算或计划
I’m
going
to
play
football
tomorrow
afternoon.
(主观安排)
—Dr.
Jackson
is
not
in
his
office
at
the
moment.
—All
right.
I
____________
him
later.
A.
will
call
B.
have
called
C.
call
D
will
be
calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。
考向二
过去将来时
1.
过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He
said
he
would
come
here
next
Friday.
他说他下周五来这儿。
I
knew
that
he
would
help
us
when
we
were
in
trouble.
我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2.
过去将来时的结构
（1）
would
+
动词原形
She
told
us
that
she
would
try
her
best
to
catch
up
with
other
classmates
this
term.
她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When
you
asked
Li
Lei
for
help,
he
would
never
refuse
you.
当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was
/
were
going
to
+
动词原形
He
told
us
that
he
was
going
to
attend
the
meeting.
他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He
said
that
I
was
going
to
be
sent
to
meet
her
at
the
railway
station.
他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was
/
were
to
+
动词原形。
The
building
was
to
be
completed
next
month.
这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li
Lei
was
to
arrive
soon.
李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was
/
were
about
to
+
动词原形。
We
were
about
to
leave
there
when
it
began
to
rain
heavily
and
suddenly.
就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He
was
about
to
have
lunch
when
the
bell
rang.
就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was
/
were
+现在分词。
He
was
leaving
the
next
day.
他第二天要走了。
We
were
informed
that
the
leaders
were
coming
to
our
school
soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
3.
过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He
said
he
would
stay
with
us.
他说他要与我们待在一起。
He
said
he
would
never
go
there
again.
他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
not
do
that.
如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If
he
were
here,
he
would
show
us
how
to
do
it.
如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was
/
were
going
to
+
动词原形，was
/
were
to
+
动词原形，was
/
were
about
to
+
动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The
conference
was
going
to
be
held
the
next
month.
会议下个月开。
We
were
to
have
our
class
at
eight.
八点我们该上课了。
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
____________
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
A.
has
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
going
to
be
D.
was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间）；B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)；C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来）；D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will
的过去式，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
【名师点睛】分析四个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,
be,
have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879,
would
change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。
题组一
基础过关
用will/be
going
to填空
1.
I
think
I
____________
pass
the
English
test
tomorrow.
2.
Try
this
cake.
You
____________
like
it!
3.
Many
scientists
say
the
climate
____________
change
a
lot
in
the
next
hundred
years.
4.
Look
at
the
clouds!It
____________
rain.
5.
He
____________
be
twenty
years
old.
6.
I’m
tired.
I
think
I
____________
go
to
bed.
7.
I
____________
beat
you
if
you
do
that
again.
8.
He
is
seriously
ill.
He
____________
die.
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.A
kind
of
newly-made
shoes,
if
put
into
the
market,
_________
large
orders
because
the
heels
can
switch
from
4
to
9
centimeters.
A.
meets
B.
will
meet
C.
has
met
D.
met
2.—Hi,
Lily.
Don’t
forget
to
watch
I’m
a
Singer
at
20:
10
this
Friday!
—What
a
pity!
I_________
in
a
plane
to
Hainan
for
a
meeting
then.
A.
will
sit
B.
will
be
sitting
C.am
sitting
D.
sit
3.—Hi,
Mr.
Smith.
Which
department
do
you
work
in?
—I
am
in
the
Marketing
Department
now,
but
I_________
in
the
Sales
Department
before
long.
A.
worked
B.
will
work
C.
have
worked
D.
will
have
worked
4.—Did
you
inform
Mary
of
the
change
of
our
plan?
—Oh
no,
I
forgot.
I
_________and
tell
her.
A.
call
B.am
to
call
C.am
going
to
call
D.
will
call
5.No
matter
how
advanced
modern
equipment
is,
letters_________
in
expressing
people’s
feelings.
A.
will
never
replace
B.
will
never
be
replaced
C.
never
replace
D.
have
never
been
replaced
6.The
radio
broadcast
said
that
it
_________tomorrow.
A.
was
not
going
to
snow
B.
was
not
snowing
C.
would
not
snow
D.
was
not
to
snow
7.I
_________Mr.
Ked
the
next
day,
but
the
appointment
has
been
cancelled.
A.
was
going
to
see
B.
saw
C.
had
seen
D.
will
see
8.I
thought
he_________
that
evening
party,
but
to
my
surprise,
he
came.
A.
wouldn’t
attend
B.
hadn’t
attended
C.
didn’t
attend
D.
won’t
attend
9.She
told
us
she_________a
movie
with
us
if
she
was
free.
A.
will
see
B.is
going
to
see
C.
would
see
D.
saw
10.My
mother
promised
she_________me
a
present
unless
I
passed
all
the
exams.
A.
had
not
given
B.
would
not
give
C.
will
not
give
D.
does
not
give
II.语法填空
More
than
1,250
lit
stalls(货摊)brighten
the
center
of
Thailand’s
capital
city,? 1 (provide)
a
multicolored
sight.
The
shelter,? 2 is
designed
for
the
thousands
of
traders
and
shoppers
at
Bangkok’s
night
market,
has
become
an? 3 (attract)
itself.
The
market,
which? 4 (call)
Train
Night
Market
Ratchada
in
English,
was
opened
in
January
2015
and
has
become? 5 popular
spot
for
locals
and
tourists.
Software
engineer
Prasad
Ambati
visited
the
market
and
took
the
landscape
photographs
from
a
nearby
car
park.
"Those? 6 (color)
tents
and
people
shopping,
eating
at
stalls
and
the
flashing
lights
were
great.
The
tents
made
me
think
of
a
giant
painting."
This
is? 7 (primary)
a
market
that
sells
yesteryear(旧时)
goods,
old-fashioned? 8 (collection)
of
clothes,
motorbikes,
and
second-hand
toys.
There
are
also
plenty
of
general
market
things
for
sale,? 9 cheap
clothes,
shoes,
bags,
and
other
fashion
items.
But
above
all
it’s
one
of
the
best
places
for
street
food,
open-air
bars
with
live
music
frequently? 10 (perform)
all
over.
题组三
体验真题
1.
（2019·天津卷改编）A
committee
of
teachers
_________（evaluate）materials
and
give
opinions.
2.（2019·新课标II卷改编）You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort(选择),
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers，then
I
_________
（do）
it.
3.
（2019·天津卷改编）So
I
carried
around
a
book,
and
each
night,
just
to
be
like
her,
I
would
pretend
to
be
reading.
4.
（2019·江苏卷改编）By
the
day
of
the
show,
more
than
300
people
had
said
they
_________
（attend）.
5.(2015·湖南)As
you
go
through
this
book,
you
________
that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
War
II
had
a
different
experience.
A.
will
find
B.
found
C.
had
found
D.
have
found
6.(2015·陕西)At
college,
Barack
Obama
didn’t
know
that
he
the
first
black
president
of
the
United
States
of
America.
A.
was
to
become
B.
becomes
C.
is
to
become
D.
became
题组一
基础过关
用will/be
going
to填空
1.
will
2.
will
3.
will
4.
is
going
to
5.
will
6.
will
7.
will
8.
is
going
to
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.B
【解析】考查时态。句意：一种新款的鞋，一旦投入市场，将会接到大量订单，因为这种鞋的鞋跟高度可以在4到9厘米之间变化。结合句意，此处表示将来的动作。故答案选B。
2.B
【解析】考查时态。句意：——喂，
Lily。不要忘了观看本周五晚上八点十分的《我是歌手》!
——太可惜啦!
那时我正坐着飞往海南的飞机去开会呢。根据then可知此处为将来时，
联系上句中的时间状语可推知，这里表示在将来某个时间正在进行的动作，
故用将来进行时，
故答案为B。
3.B
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你好，
Smith先生。你在哪个部门工作?
——我现在在市场部，
但我不久就要到销售部工作。根据before
long推知此处表将来的动作
，
故选项B正确。
4.D
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，空处表示说话者临时要做的事情，所以用"will+动词原形"。be
going
to
do表示说话者已经决定的计划或安排要做的事，be
to
do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作，均不符合语境。
5.B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：无论现代的设备多么先进，在表达人们的情感时它永远替代不了书信。此处所讲属于将来要发生的事情，故应该用一般将来时，又因replace与letters之间是被动关系，故答案应选B。
6.A
【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：无线电广播说明天不会下雪。be
going
to
do
sth.可用于谈天气，表示根据某种明显的迹象推断将有某种天气变化。
7.A
【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：我本打算第二天去看Ked先生，但是约会被取消了。was
going
to
do
sth.有"(过去)本打算做某事"之意，言外之意是这个打算没有实现。
8.A
【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：我以为他不会参加那个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。由句中另外两个动词用的是一般过去时可知，从句应用过去时态。"他不会来"应发生在"我以为"之后，故用过去将来时。
9.C
【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：她告诉我们，如果她有空，她将会和我们一起看电影。"看电影"还没发生，要用将来时，而主句told是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态。所以用过去将来时。
10.B
【解析】考查过去将来时。主句用一般过去时，因此宾语从句也要用过去时态。宾语从句又是一个带条件状语从句的主从复合句，根据"主将从现"的规则，从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去将来时。
II.语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市Train
Night
Market
Ratchada。
1.providing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词;provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
2.which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是The
shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
3.attraction
【解析】考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction
"游览胜地，具有吸引力的事物"。
4.is
called
【解析】考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时;which(指代The
market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
5.a
【解析】考查冠词。spot表示"地点"，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。
6.colo(u)rful
【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指的是"颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的"，故填colo(u)rful。
7.primarily
【解析】考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。
8.collections
【解析】考查名词复数。空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，加之collection"收藏物，收藏品"是可数名词，故填collections。
9.like
【解析】考查介词。like意为"像，如"，用来列举事物。
10.performed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是"with+宾语+宾补"复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
题组三
体验真题
1.will
evaluate
2.will
do
3.would
pretend
4.
would
attend
5.A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
6.A
【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。考点11
完成时
考向一、
现在完成时
1.
现在完成时结构：
主语
+
助动词have(has)
+
动词过去分词
否定句：have/has后加not,
haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句：have/has提前
2.
现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yet，already，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。
—Have
you
had
your
lunch
yet?
你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes,
I
have.
I
have
just
had
it.
是的，我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了。）
I
have
already
posted
the
photos.
我已经寄过这些照片了。（这些照片已不在我这里了。）
have(has)
gone
to，have(has)
been
to和have(has)
been
in的区别1.
have
(has)
gone
to表示＂已经去某地了＂，不能与for+一段时间连用。She
has
gone
to
Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。）2.
have
(has)
been
to表示＂曾经去过某地＂，不能与for+一段时间连用。She
has
been
to
Shanghai
three
times.（她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。）3.
have
(has)
been
in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常与时间段搭配，指待了很久。
（2）过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。
I
haven’t
seen
her
these
days.
近来我一直没见过他。
I’ve
known
Li
Lei
for
three
years.
我认识李雷已经三年了。
They
have
lived
here
since
1996.
他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
She
has
taught
us
since
I
came
to
this
school.
自从我来这所学校，她就教我。
3.
现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：
（1）用于＂过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果＂的时间状语有：
already
用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。
yet
用在疑问句中意为＂已经＂，用在否定句中表示＂还＂，常放在句末。
ever
意为＂曾经＂，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
never
意为＂从来都没有＂，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
before
意为＂以前＂，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
（2）用于＂过去发生的事，一直延续到现在＂的时间状语有：
for
+
时间段
for
two
years
since
+
时间点
since
2008
since
then
since
he
came
here
so
far
目前；迄今为止
up
to
now=till
now=by
now
到现在为止；直到现在
all
the
time
总是；一直
recently/lately
最近
these
days
近几天
by
the
end
of...到……末/结束
by
the
end
of
this
month/year
到本月/年末
during
/over
the
last
(past)
few
years
在过去的几年中
in
the
last
/past
days/
months/
years
在过去的几个天/月/年中
（3）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
I
will
not
believe
you
unless
I
have
seen
it
with
my
own
eyes.
I
will
go
with
you
as
soon
as
I
have
finished
my
work.
（4）非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
I
haven’t
received
his
letter
for
almost
a
month.
（5）since与for用法比较
用法
例句
since
用来说明动作起始时间
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born.
我从出生起就住在这里。My
aunt
has
worked
in
a
clinic
since
1949.
我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。
for
用来说明动作延续时间长度
I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
我在这里住了二十多年了。
3.
现在完成时的常用固定句型
（1）That/This/It
is
the
first
(second,
third
...
)
time...
(that)
...句型中，从句要用现在完成时。
It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
visited
the
city.
这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It
is
the
third
time
that
the
boy
has
been
late.
这是这个男生第三次迟到了。
（2）＂That/This/It
is
the
+
形容词最高级
+
名词
+
（that）从句＂中，that
从句要用现在完成时。
This
is
the
best
film
that
I’ve
(ever)
seen.
这是我看过的最好看的电影。
（3）在＂It
is/has
been
+
一段时间
+
since
...
＂句型中，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
It
has
been/
It’s
5
years
since
we
last
met.
自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。
It’s
/
It
has
been
3
months
since
the
man
died.
那人死去3个月了。
（4）一段时间+
完成时结构+
since
引导的时间状语从句
Two
years
has
passed
since
I
came
here.
我来这儿已经两年了。
误区提醒（1）并非有for
作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I
worked
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
（我现在已不在这里工作）
I
have
worked
here
for
many
years.
（现在我仍在这里工作）（2）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别：延续性动词表示经验、经历；
短暂性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He
has
completed
the
work.
（表结果）
I’’ve
known
him
since
then.（表经历）（3）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till
/
until从句的差异
延续性动词用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暂性动词用于否定句，表示＂到……才……＂He
didn’’t
come
back
until
ten
o’’clock.
直到十点钟他才回来。He
slept
until
ten
o’’clock.
他睡到十点钟。
【疑难辨析】
1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）I
don't
see
any
reason
to
give
up
work.
I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
___66___(make)
over
the
years
【答案】have
made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over
the
years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have
made。
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）China’s
high-speed
railways
_________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.
are
growing
B.
have
grown
C.
will
grow
D.
had
grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in
the
past
few
years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
3.
In
the
last
few
years,
China
__________
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
A.
has
made
B.
had
made
C.
was
making
D.is
making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in
the
last
few
years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
考向二、
过去完成时
1.
基本结构：
肯定句：主语
+
had
+
过去分词
+
其他.
否定句：主语
+
had
+
not
+
过去分词
+
其他.
一般疑问句：Had
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组
+
一般疑问句（Had
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他）？
2.
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即＂过去的过去＂。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
By
nine
o’clock
last
night,
we
had
got
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200
张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已经等了20分钟。
He
said
he
had
worked
in
that
factory
since
1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr.
Smith
died
yesterday.
He
had
been
a
good
friend
of
mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
I
didn’t
know
a
thing
about
the
verbs,
for
I
had
not
studied
my
lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She
found
the
key
that
she
had
lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He
said
that
he
had
known
her
well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I
thought
I
had
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
如when，before，after，as
soon
as，till/until引导的从句。
When
I
woke
up,
it
had
already
stopped
raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
her
work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After
he
arrived
in
England,
Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
（7）动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
could
not
get
there
in
time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We
had
hoped
to
be
able
to
come
and
see
you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no
sooner...
than...，It
was
the
first
(second,
etc)
time
(that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly
had
he
begun
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been
out
of
work
that
year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
3.
过去完成时的语法判定
（1）由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
①by
+
过去的时间点
I
had
finished
reading
the
novel
by
nine
o’clock
last
night.
②by
the
end
of
+
过去的时间点
We
had
learned
over
two
thousand
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
③before
+
过去的时间点
They
had
planted
six
hundred
trees
before
last
Wednesday.
（2）由＂过去的过去＂来判定
过去完成时表示＂过去的过去＂，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
①宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She
said
that
she
had
seen
the
film
before.
②状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After
he
had
finished
his
homework,
he
went
to
bed.
注意：before，after
引导的时间状语从句中，由于
before
和
after
本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
After
he
closed
the
door,
he
left
the
classroom.
③表示意向的动词，如hope,
wish,
expect,
think,
intend,
mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示＂原本……，未能……＂。
We
had
hoped
that
you
would
come,
but
you
didn’t.
（3）根据上、下文来判定
I
met
Wang
Tao
in
the
street
yesterday.
We
hadn’t
seen
each
other
since
he
went
to
Beijing.
【巧学妙记】
过去完成时记忆口诀Had
加上＂过去分＂，构成过去完成时。过去完成的意义，也表＂完成＂或＂延续＂。若有主、从两个句，先后动作分别叙。哪个在先哪＂完成＂，哪个在后哪＂过去＂。
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）I
__________
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage，but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
A.
had
hoped
B.
am
hoping
C.
have
hoped
D.
would
hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
2.
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）
If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed。故选A。
3.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
_______
yet.
A.
haven’t
invented
B.
haven’t
been
invented
C.
hadn’t
invented
D.
hadn’t
been
invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
考向三、将来完成时
1.
将来完成时的构成：＂will/shall
+
have
+
过去分词＂。
Hopefully
after
three
years
at
university
I
will
have
matured.
希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。
Only
five
short
years
later,
your
money
will
have
grown
by
$94,000.
仅短短
5
年时间后，你的钱就会增多
94,000
美元。
He
will
have
been
heartened
by
the
telephone
opinion
poll
published
yesterday.
他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。
2.
将来完成的用法
（1）表示＂将来完成＂：即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。
When
we
get
there,
she’ll
have
gone
to
work.
我们到那里时她会已经上班去了。
I
expect
you
will
have
changed
your
mind
by
tomorrow.
我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。
（2）表示＂持续＂：即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
We
will
have
been
married
a
year
on
June
25th.
到6月25日我们俩就结婚满1年了。
By
this
time
next
week,
I
will
have
been
working
for
this
company
for
24
years.
到下星期此刻，我就已经为该公司工作24年了。
（3）表示＂推测：即表示根据某情况作出的推测。
That
will
have
been
Roland.
He
said
he’d
be
back
at
7.
准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。
There
will
have
been
a
definite
result
before
Friday.
星期五以前肯定会有结果。
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals_________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winer
Olympics.
A.
will
install
B.
will
have
been
installed
C.
are
installed
D.
have
been
installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
2.It’s
reported
that
by
the
end
of
the
month,
the
output
of
cement
in
the
factory___________by
about
10%.
A.
will
have
risen
B.
will
be
rising
C.
has
risen
D.
has
been
rising
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。由时间状语"by
the
end
of
the
month"可知此处表示在将来某时已经完成的动作，因此用将来完成时。
3.You
needn’t
hurry
her.
It___________by
her
by
the
time
you
are
ready.
A.will
have
been
finishing
B.has
finished
C.will
have
been
finished
D.will
be
finished
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和语态。"by
the
time
you
are
ready"表示将来的某个时间，此处表示将来完成的动作，故应使用将来完成时，根据句意，事情应该被完成，所以C项正确。
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.
I
____________
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.
read
B.
have
read
C.
am
reading
D.
will
read
2.
Silk
__________
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
A.
had
become
B.
was
becoming
C.
has
become
D.is
becoming
3.
—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding
Ann'
house?
—Not
really.
She________
us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily?
A.
was
to
give
B.
had
given
C.
was
giving
D.
would
give
4.
Just
as
I
got
to
the
school
gate,
I
realised
I
________
my
bank
in
the
cafe.
A.
have
left
B.
had
left
C.
would
leave
D.
was
leaving
5.
The
reports
went
missing
in
2012
and
nobody
________
them
since.
A.
sees
B.
saw
C.
has
seen
D.
had
seen
6.
When
I
first
met
Bryan
I
didn't
like
him,
but
I
________my
mind.
A.
have
changed
B.
change
C.
had
changed
D.
would
change
7.
Alan
Greenspan,
once
reported
as
a
financial
god,
had
to
admit
that
he
____________
some
serious
mistakes.
A.
made
B.
had
made
C.
has
been
making
D.
has
made
8.
James
left
his
hometown
when
he
was
16,
and
he
____________
back
there
since.
A.
wouldn’t
be
B.
hasn’t
been
C.
hadn’t
been
D.
won’t
be
9.
On
the
morning
of
October
12,
1492,
Christopher
Columbus
and
his
crew
came
to
the
shores
of
the
Caribbean
islands,
mistakenly
believing
they
____________
in
Southeast
Asia.
A.
arrived
B.
had
arrived
C.
has
arrived
D.
would
arrive
10.
Since
late
2013
when
the
Chinese
government
relaxed
the
family
planning
policy,
only
1.5
million
couples
____________
to
have
a
second
child.
A.
applied
B.
had
applied
C.
would
apply
D.
have
applied
题组二
能力提升
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式
Is
there
such
a
thing
as
being
＂over-protective＂?
I
can
honestly
say
that
my
answer
to
that
question
1
(change)
dramatically（戏剧性地）since
I
became
a
parent.
Before
the
birth
of
my
daughter,
I
taught
at
2
private
school,
often
viewing
my
students
as
over-protected,
worrying
3
would
happen
when
they
went
on
to
middle
schools.
Some
did
fine,
and
some
did
not.
Some
needed
constant
pats
on
the
back,
words
of
4
(encourage)
and
extra
support,
which
I
5
(happy)
gave.
Others
were
content
on
their
own,
needing
little
or
no
interaction（互动）with
their
teacher.
6
for
the
most
part,
graduates
would
go
on
for
higher
schooling.
I’d
always
supposed
their
parents
were
over-protective,
for
they
were
the
ones
that
still
walked
their
7
(five)
graders
into
the
classroom
and
met
them
at
the
school
gate.
Admittedly,
I
laughed
at
those
parents,
8
(think)
their
children
would
never
learn
to
be
9
(independence)
if
they
didn’t
let
go
just
a
little.
Then
I
had
my
own
daughter.
The
moment
I
looked
at
her
little
face,
I
10
(know)
I’d
do
everything
in
my
power
to
protect
her
and
make
sure
she
always
felt
safe!
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
___________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.
gives
B.
has
given
C.
have
given
D.
give
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______
in?the?past
two
years.
A.
had?been?carried?out
B.
would
be
carried
out
C.
is?being?carried?out
D.
has
been
carried
out
3.
（2018·北京卷·单项填空）A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
A.
are
trapping
B.
have
been
trapped
C.
were
trapping
D.
had
been
trapped
4.(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)
Diets
have
changed
in
China
—
and
so
too
has
its
top
crop.
Since
2011,the
country
___61___（grow）more
corn
than
rice.
5.
(2018·浙江卷·语法填空)
While
regularly
eating
out
seems
to
61
(become)
common
for
many
young
people
in
recent
years,
it’s
not
without
a
cost.
6.（2017·新课标II卷改编）Around
100
people
_________（put
down）
a
$10,000
deposit
to
get
a
Transition
when
they
go
on
sale,
and
those
numbers
will
likely
rise
after
Terrafugia
introduces
the
Transition
to
the
public
later
this
week
at
the
New
York
Auto
Show.
7.（2017·新课标II卷改编）It
_________(white-paint)tunnels
and
bright
red
carriages,
and
proved
extremely
popular
with
the
public.
8.
（2017·新课标III卷改编）The
Intelligent
Transport
team
at
Newcastle
University
_________(turn)
an
electric
car
into
a
mobile
laboratory
named
＂DriveLAB＂
in
order
to
understand
the
challenges
faced
by
older
drivers
and
to
discover
where
the
key
stress
points
are.
9.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)
When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
when
I
_____
for
years.
A.
didn’t
see
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
hadn’t
seen
D.
wouldn’t
see
10.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other,
for?we
_______
more
convenient
electronic
communication?tools?by?then.
A.
have
developed
B.
had?developed
C.
will?have?developed
D.
developed
题组一
基础过关
单项填空
1.B
【解析】句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用现在完成时，选B。
2.A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。题干中时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
3.B【解析】句意：——你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?——不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成时。故选B。
4.B
【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。分析句子结构可知，realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
5.C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：那些报告于2012年丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为：从那以后。这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。
6.A
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。题干中的but提示：“我”第一次见到布莱恩的时候不喜欢他，但现在喜欢他。故用现在完成时，选A。句意：当我第一次见布莱恩的时候我不喜欢他，但我改变想法了。
7.
B
【解析】句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。该空动作发生在主句动作＂had
to
admit＂之前，应用过去完成时。故选B项。
8.
B
【解析】句意：詹姆斯在16岁时离开了家乡，自从那时他就没有回来过。A.
wouldn’t
be
过去将来时；B.
hasn’t
been现在完成时；C.
hadn’t
been
过去完成时；D.
won’t
be
一般将来时。since是现在完成时的标志。故选B。
9.
B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在1492年10月12的早上，克里斯多弗﹒哥伦布和他的船员来到加勒比海岸，误认为他们已经到达了东南亚。强调到达的动作的完成所产生的影响或结果＂mistakenly
believing（误认为）＂，且arrive发生在过去的过去，要用过去完成时，故选B。
10.
D
【解析】考查动词时态。自从2013年底中国政府放松了计划生育政策，只有150万夫妇已经申请了二孩。since自从……以来，主句要用现在完成时态，故选D。
题组二
能力提升
【文章大意】作者一直都认为现在很多孩子都被父母过度保护，但是在自己的女儿出生以后，他的观点发生了变化，他愿意做一切自己能做的来保护孩子。
1.has
changed
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语since
I
became
a
parent，而since引导时间状语时，主语应该使用现在完成时。故填has
changed。
2.
a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在女儿出生之前，我在一所私立学校教书。本句中名词school（学校）是一个可数名词，前面加a表示泛指。
3.
what
【解析】考查宾语从句。本句中what引导宾语从句＂what
would
happen＂作动词worry的宾语，并在句中作主语。
4.
encouragement
【解析】考查名词。横线前面有介词of，说明横线上应该使用名词作宾语，动词encourage的名词是encouragement。
5.
happily
【解析】考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常作定语或表语修饰名词。本句中使用副词happily作状语修饰动词give。
6.
But
【解析】考查连词。虽然有人需要鼓励，有人不需要鼓励，但是大部分人都要进入更高一级的学校学习。上下文之间表示转折关系，使用but连接上下文。
7.
fifth
【解析】考查序数词。本句中the
fifth
graders指五年级的学生。很多父母亲还陪着五年级的学生上学。
8.
thinking
【解析】考查分词作状语。本句中动词think与句子主语I之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
9.
independent
【解析】考查形容词。本句中形容词independent与be连用构成不定式作动词learn的宾语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
10.
knew
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是the
moment
I
looked
at
her
little
face，叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以主句中使用一般过时。
题组三
体验真题
1.B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in
the
last
three
months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the
musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along
with
his
band
members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
3.
D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who
___
in
the
mountains
for
two
days”是定语从句，修饰two
tourists，two
tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
4.has
grown
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has
grown。
5.
have
become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in
recent
years可知用现在完成时，seems
to后用动词原形，故填have
become。
6.have
already
put
down
【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成，强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
7.
had
white-painted
【解析】此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
8.have
turned
【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成，强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
9.C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not
see”这个动作发生在come
across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
10.C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in
2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by
then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,
last
night,
three
weeks
ago,
in
2004
等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I
have
seen
the
film.
我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）
I
saw
the
film
last
week.我上星期看了这部电影.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况）考点14
动词的被动语态
【复习建议】
1.
掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2.
掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3.
掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4.
掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
知识网络
序号
常用被动语态
构成
序号
常用被动语态
构成
1
一般现在时
am/is/are
asked
6
过去进行时
was/were
being
asked
2
一般过去时
was/were
asked
7
现在完成时
have/has
been
asked
3
一般将来时
shall/will
be
asked
8
过去完成时
had
been
asked
4
过去将来时
should/would
be
asked
9
将来完成时
will/would
have
been
asked
5
现在进行时
am/is/are
being
asked
10
含有情态动词的
can/must/may
be
asked
注意事项
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be
going
to,
used
to,
have
to,
had
better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。
如：Trees
should
not
be
planted
in
summer.
夏天不应该种树。The
boy
was
made
fun
of
by
his
classmates.
这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapers
used
to
be
sent
here
by
the
little
girl.
报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It
is
believed
that…???????????
It
is
generally
considered
that…??????????
It
is
said
that…It
is
well
known
that…????????
It
must
be
pointed
out
that…?????????????
It
is
supposed
that…It
is
reported
that…???????????
It
must
be
admitted
that…???????????????
It
is
hoped
that…
下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The
window
wants/needs/requires
repairing.?????????
The
book
is
worth
reading
twice.The
door
won’t
shut.
/
The
play
won’t
act.???????????
The
clothes
washes
well.
/
The
book
sells
well.The
dish
tastes
delicious.
/
Water
feels
very
cold.
下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,
enter,
reach,
become,
benefit,
cost,
equal,
contain,
last,
lack,
fit,
fail,
have,
appear,
happen,
occur,
belong
to,
take
place,
break
out,
come
about,
agree
with,
keep
up
with,
consist
of,
have
on,
lose
heart等等
考向一
被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
时体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is
/
am
/
are
done
was
/
were
done
will
/
shall
be
done
would
/
should
be
done
进行
is
/
am
/
are
being
done
was
/
were
being
done
完成
have
/
has
been
done
had
been
done
will
/
shall
have
been
done
would
/
should
have
been
done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The
baby
should
be
taken
good
care
of
by
the
baby-sitter.
（2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His
mother
gave
him
a
present
for
his
birthday.
可改为
He
was
given
a
present
by
his
mother
for
his
birthday.
（3）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone
caught
the
boy
smoking
a
cigarette.
可改为The
boy
was
caught
smoking
a
cigarette.
（4）在使役动词have,
make,
get以及感官动词see,
watch,
notice,
hear,
feel,
observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone
saw
a
stranger
walk
into
the
building.
可改为A
stranger
was
seen
to
walk
into
the
building.
（5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The
meeting
is
to
be
put
off
till
Friday.
1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay，we
___69___(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars
【答案】were
invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were
invited。
2.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals_________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winer
Olympics.
A.
will
install
B.
will
have
been
installed
C.
are
installed
D.
have
been
installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
3.
（2017·天津卷·单项填空）
Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
___________
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
A.
regard
B.
is
regarded
C.
are
regarded
D.
regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as…
(把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along
with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
4.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）When
fat
and
salt
64
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
is
missing
something.
【答案】are
removed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are
removed。
考向二
不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong
to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
考向三
主动形式表被动意义的情况：
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当break
out、take
place、shut
off、turn
off、work
out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时；
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be
worth
doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be
+
形容词
+
to
do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be
to
blame(受谴责)，be
to
rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
1.（2019年江苏卷阅读理解句子）It
was
beautiful."
Naomi
said
after
listening
to
the
recording.
“The
music
was
worth
__________（save）.
【答案】saving
As
time
went
on,
Einstein’s
theory
__________
to
be
correct.
A.
proved
B.
proves
C.
is
proved
D.
was
proved
【答案】
A
【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选A。
【巧学妙记】
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be
done，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have
done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall
(will)
do，被动变do为be
done。将来进行无被动，shall
(will)
be
doing。现在完成进行同，have
(has)
been
doing。现、过进行be
doing，被动be加being
done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be
done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
题组一
基础过关
用被动语态的形式完成下列句子
1.
Don’t
be
nervous,
and
they
will
tell
you
where
to
sit.
→Don’t
be
nervous,
and
you
____________
____________
____________
where
to
sit
by
them.
2.
People
refers
to
California
as
the
Golden
State.
→California
____________
____________
____________
as
the
Golden
State
by
people.
3.
In
order
to
stop
the
air
pollution,
the
government
have
taken
a
lot
of
measures.
→A
lot
of
measures
____________
____________
____________
by
the
government
in
order
to
stop
the
air
pollution.
4.
We
are
discussing
how
to
spend
the
summer
holidays
now.
→How
to
spend
the
summer
holidays
____________
____________
____________
now.
5.
Miss
Li
can
make
her
class
lively
and
interesting,
so
her
students
respect
her.
→Miss
Li
can
make
her
class
lively
and
interesting,
so
she
____________
____________
by
her
students.
6.
Two
whales
have
____________
____________
(wash)
up
on
the
beach.
7.
Tom
was
caught
smoking
in
school,
and
he
____________
____________
(punish)
for
it.
8.
If
you
leave
the
club,
you
____________
____________
____________
____________
(not
allow)
back
in.
题组二
能力提升
I．单项填空
1.I
got
caught
in
the
rain
on
my
way
home
and
my
new
suit_________.
A.
has
ruined
B.
had
ruined
C.
had
been
ruined
D.
has
been
ruined
2.Now
all
the
employees
except
the
manager
_________
to
work
online
at
home.
A.
encourages
B.
encourage
C.is
encouraged
D.
are
encouraged
3.He
__________
everywhere
for
materials
and
finally
his
efforts
paid
off.
The
medicine
__________
to
be
very
effective.
A.
looked;
was
proved
B.
explored;
was
proved
C.
sought;
has
proved
D.
hunted;
was
proving
4.—What’s
that
noise?
—
Oh,
I
forget
to
tell
you.
The
new
machine________.
A.is
testing
B.
was
being
tested
C.is
being
tested
D.
has
been
tested
5.The
plan
for
Xiongan
New
Area
________
officially
on
April
1,2017.
A.
announced
B.
was
announced
C.
announces
D.is
announced
6.Ann
______
a
certificate
at
the
end
of
the
program
to
show
she
has
learned
computer
skills.
A.
will
give
B.
will
be
given
C.
gave
D.
was
given
7.Martin
Luther
King
demanded
that
people
of
all
races
______.
A.
were
equally
treated
B.
should
treat
equally
C.be
equally
treated
D.
are
giving
equal
rights
8.Different
types
of
teas
______
by
skilled
tea-tasters
before
appearing
in
the
Tea
Trade
Centre.
A.
are
tasted
B.
were
tasted
C.
tasted
D.
have
tasted
9.—Do
you
think
he
can
win
the
prize
for
the
race?
—Impossible
now.
He
________
to
do
so,
but
he
has
just
had
his
right
leg
hurt.
A.
has
expected
B.is
expected
C.
would
expect
D.
was
expected
10.Today,
the
forests
have
almost
gone.
People
must
_________down
too
many
trees.
A.
stop
to
cut
B.
stop
from
cutting
C.be
stopped
to
cut
D.be
stopped
from
cutting
II．语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China
has
once
again
proved
its
___1___
(able)
to
change
the
world
with
the“new
four
great
inventions”：high-speed
railways，electronic
payments，shared
bicycles
and
online
shopping．
They’re
related
to
China’s
high-tech
innovation(创新)，___2___
has
improved
the
quality
of
people’s
lives，according
to
a
survey
___3___
(make)
by
the
Belt
and
Road
Research
Institute
of
Beijing
Foreign
Studies
University．
“My
wallet
is
no
longer
in
use．I
can
buy
and
eat
whatever
I
want
simply
with
a
fingertip
on
my
phone，”said
___4___
university
student，adding
that
“even
pancake
sellers
are
using
mobile
payment”．
The
bikes
___5___
(them)are
not
new，but
the
operating
model
of
bike-sharing
___6___(base)
on
satellite
navigation
system，mobile
payment，big
data
and
other
high
technologies．
China
has
entered
a
new
innovative
era，thanks
to
the
large
amounts
of
capital
China
has
invested
in
___7___
(encourage)innovation，said
Bernhard
Schwartlander，WHO
Representative
in
China．
___8___
is
increasingly
clear
that
China
is
innovating
and
no
longer
copying
Western
ideas．This
is
___9___
(especial)true
in
mobile，where
China
is
leading
in
many
ways
such
as…social
messaging
app
WeChat，she
said．This
is
partly
because
China
skipped
over
the
PC
era
and
went
directly
to
mobile．China
has
the
____10____
(1arge)mobile
use
in
the
world．
题组三
体验真题
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
____________
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
A.
is
given
B.
are
given
C.
was
given
D.
were
given
2.（2018·江苏卷﹒单项填空）
I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______
in?the?past
two
years.
A.
had?been?carried?out
B.
would
be
carried
out
C.
is?being?carried?out
D.
has
been
carried
out
3.
（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam
engines
__65_(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been（fairly）
(fair)unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
4.
（2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）Sarah
63
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
5.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
____________
with
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
6.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）More
efforts,
as
reported,
____________
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.will
be
made
C.are
being
made
D.have
been
made
7.（2016·全国新课标卷I﹒语法填空）So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research,
I
62
（allow）to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
8.（2016·上海卷﹒语法填空）In
recent
years,
stress
(33)
____________
(regard)
as
a
cause
of
a
whole
range
of
medical
problems,
from
high
blood
pressure
to
mental
illness.
9.（2016·四川卷﹒语法填空）The
giant
panda
41
(love)
by
people
throughout
the
world.
10.
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
_______
yet.
A.
haven’t
invented
B.
haven’t
been
invented
C.
hadn’t
invented
D.
hadn’t
been
invented
题组一
基础过关
用被动语态的形式完成下列句子
1.will
be
told
2.is
referred
to
3.have
been
taken
4.is
being
discussed
5.is
respected
6.been
washed
7.was
punished
8.will
not
be
allowed
题组二
能力提升
I．单项填空
1.D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毁了。my
suit与ruin的关系是被动关系，要用被动语态；从题意可知，我的衣服是过去弄湿了，现在还是湿的，用现在完成时态；主语my
new
suit是第三人称单数。故选D。
2.D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，除了经理外，所有的员工都被鼓励可以在家里在网上工作。主语是all
the
employees，谓语用复数；与encourage之间是被动关系。故选D。
3.C
【解析】考查动词辨析；时态和语态。句意：他到处寻找材料，最后他的努力得到了回报。这种药被证明是非常有效的。look是不及物动词，“看”的也是；explore探索；探测；hunt打猎；搜索。prove在此是系动词，“证明是；发现为”的意思，不用于被动，后面跟形容词或to
be…结构。故选C。
4.C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——这个噪音是什么？——我忘记告诉你了。新的洗衣机正在被检测。根据问句“What’s
that
noise?”可知，新的机器正在被检测。所以，本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。
5.B
【解析】考查时态和语态。主语是The
plan
for
Xiongan
New
Area，与谓语动词announce之间是被动关系，时间状语是2017年4月1号，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
6.B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个项目结束的时候，将会给Ann一个证书以表明她已经学会了计算机技能。由句意可知，Ann和give之间是被动关系，且“给她证书”是这个项目结束时才会发生的事，故要用将来时态。故B选项正确。
7.C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：马丁路德金要求所有种族的人被平等对待。demand后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should
do，should可以省略，而且people
of
all
races
和treat是被动关系，故选C。
8.A
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在出现在茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas和taste是被动关系，而且这句话表示客观事实，用一般现在时。故选A。
9.D
【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：你认为他能在跑步比赛中获奖吗？现在几乎不可能了，他曾有希望获奖，但是他刚刚弄伤了右腿。He与expect之间是被动关系，而且这一动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故D项正确。
10.D
【解析】考查动词语态和动词的用法。stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.是固定用法，意为“阻止某人做某事”；又因主语People和stop之间是动宾关系，所以此处应选D。
II．语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。
1.
ability
【解析】考查名词。作proved的宾语，用名词，所以填ability。
2.
which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。___2___
has
improved
the
quality
of
people’s
lives，作定语，修饰China’s
high-tech
innovation(创新)，且有逗号隔开，所以___2___
has
improved
the
quality
of
people’s
lives，是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用which。
3.
made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a
survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，填made。
4.
a
【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一位大学生”，且university的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。
5.
themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：自行车它们本身不是新的。表示“它们本身”，所以填themselves。
6.
is
based
【解析】考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，且the
operating
model
of
bike-sharing与base
on之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填is
based。
7.
encouraging
【解析】考查固定用法。介词in之后用v-ing形式做宾语，所以填encouraging。
8.
It
【解析】考查形式主语。that
China
is
innovating
and
no
longer
copying
Western
ideas．句子真正的主语，这里需要一个形式主语，所以填it。
9.
especially
【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词true用副词，所以填especially。
10.
largest
【解析】考查最高级。中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。表示“最大的”，用最高级，所以填largest。
题组三
体验真题
1.C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last
week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as
well
as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2.A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
3.
were
used
【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were
used。
4.
was
told
/
has
been
told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was
told
/
has
been
told。
5.D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
6.B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in
the
years
ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。
7.was
allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物，be
allowed
to
do
sth＂被允许做某事＂。
8.has
been
regarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语时in
recent
years（最近几年来），该时间状语常和现在完成时连用，且句子的主语stress和动词regard之间构成被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态形式has
been
regarded。
9.is
loved
【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The
giant
panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is
loved。
10.D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
时
