考点21
关系代词引导的定语从句
考向一常见关系代词的基本用法
1.
that
可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于who或
whom;指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。
2.
which
指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
The
book
which/that
was
on
the
desk
was
bought
by
my
father.(主语)
3.
who,
whom,
whose
(1)who:
主格,
在从句中作主语,只可指人
(2)whom:
宾格,在从句中只能作宾语;
只可指人
(3)whose:
表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的
(4)whose
+
名词
=the
+
n.
+
of
which
(某物的)
=
he
+
n.
+
of
whom
(某人的)
注意:
①
关系代词作介词宾语
(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用
whom;表物用
which)
②
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,
介词可放于从句之首,
也可放于从句之末.
但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who
和
that
用作介词宾语时,
介词必须放在句末。)
4.
as
as
引导定语从句,
在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
(1)如为限制性的,多用于the
same
…as
;
the
same
as(与……相同);such
…as
…(如此,这样);
as
many/much
as(和……一样多);so/as
…as(与……一样)等结构中。如:
(2)如为非限制性的,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know,
see,
expect,
point
out,
etc.)
As
we
all
know,
smoking
is
harmful
to
one's
health
.
(as
作宾语)众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
1.(2019·新课标III卷·语法填空)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
___64___
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【参考答案】who
【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
2.
(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
【参考答案】that/which
【答案解析】that或which
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
3.
(2017·新课标卷III·短文改错)Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
【参考答案】
they→that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句,因为指代things,所以把they改为that或者which。
4.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)The
little
problems
________
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查定语从句。先行词是
the
little
problems,
在从句中作
meet的宾语,故选关系代词that。句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
5.Among
the
many
dangers__________
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知,________sailors
have
to
face
是定语从句,修饰先行词the
many
dangers,且从句缺少宾语,要用关系代词。
因此A选项正确。句意为"
在水手不得不面对的许多危险中,可能最大的是雾霾。"
考向二that、
which只能用其中一个的情况
1.
只能用that,不能用which的情况
(1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。
?All
the
people
that
come
from
the
country
work
much
harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
(2)先行词被序数词、
形容词最高级、
the
only,
the
very,
the
last等修饰时,
关系代词通常只用that,
不用which.如:
?The
first
English
novel
that
I
read
was
Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
?This
is
one
of
the
most
exciting
football
games
that
I
have
ever
seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
?This
is
the
only
thing
that
we
can
do
now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时,
关系代词只用that,
不用which.如:
?The
scientist
and
his
achievements
that
you
told
me
about
are
admired
by
us
all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
?The
foreign
visitors
spoke
highly
of
the
pioneers
and
their
performances
that
they
saw
at
the
Children’s
Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
(4)
关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,
通常只用that,
不用which.如:
? He
is
no
longer
the
star
that
he
was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
? Our
school
is
no
longer
the
school
that
it
used
to
be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
(5)
句中其他位置已出现which,
为避免重复,
不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如:
?Which
is
the
car
that
has
overtaken
us?
超过我们的是哪辆车?
2.
只用which,不能用that的情况
(1)
在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,
关系代词必须用which.如:
?The
house
in
which
we
live
is
very
large.
我们住的房子非常大。
?This
is
the
reference
book
of
which
the
teacher
is
speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:
如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,
which就可换为that,
如:
?This
is
the
question
which/that
we’ve
had
so
much
discussion
about.
=This
is
the
question
about
which
we’ve
had
so
much
discussion.
这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2)
先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,
关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如:
?Students
should
keep
in
mind
those
regulations
which
restrict
their
behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
?A
bookshop
should
deal
with
a
variety
of
those
best
sellers
which
are
newly
published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
(3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。
1.(2017·新课标卷I·语法填空)Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
70
is
not
good
for
the
health.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is
not
good
for
the
health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。
2.(2017·新课标卷II·短文改错)In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interesting(改为interested)
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导,故将that改为which。
题组一
基础过关
I.单句语法填空
1.Ellen
was
a
painter
of
birds
and
of
nature,
________,
for
some
reason,
had
withdrawn
from
all
human
society.
2.Care
of
the
soul
is
a
gradual
process
in
________
even
the
small
details
of
life
should
be
considered.
3.That
evening,
________
I
will
tell
you
more
about
later,
I
ended
up
working
very
late.
4.Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
________
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
5.Mo
Yan
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Literature
in
2012,
________
made
one
of
the
Chinese
people's
long-held
dreams
come
true.
6.The
president
of
the
World
Bank
says
he
has
a
passion
for
China,
________
he
remembers
starting
as
early
as
his
childhood.
7.Finally
he
reached
a
lonely
island
________
was
completely
cut
off
from
the
outside
world.
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.This
year’s
children’s
party,
__________
some
parents
were
invited
to,
was
a
great
success.
A.which
B.why
C.whose
D.where
2.The
death
of
the
closest
relatives,
__________
almost
every
one
of
us
has
experienced,
always
makes
people
feel
bitter
and
unbearable.
A.which
B.who
C.as
D.the
one
3.—Have
you
heard
any
news
about
Sarah?
—Yes,
she
was
promoted
to
president
of
her
company,
__________surprised
everyone.
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.it
4.There
is
no
success
without
hard
work;
success
is
something
__________is
only
earned
after
much
labor.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.不填
5.It
is
said
that
a
most
popular
emoji
(expression
of
emotion
on
the
Internet)
is
the
"face
with
the
rolling
eyes",
______
is
used
in
14
percent
of
text
messages.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.whose
6.He
isn’t
such
a
man
______
he
used
to
be.
A.who
B.whom
C.that
D.as
7.It
was
the
training__________he
had
as
a
young
man__________
made
him
such
a
good
engineer.
A.what,
that
B.that,
what
C.that,
which
D.which,
that
8.Actually,
there
are
grammatical
mistakes
many
students
make
__________keep
them
from
writing
the
good
compositions.
A.what
B.that
C.who
D.whether
9.Many
universities
share
teaching
resources
online,
creating
a
learning
space
______
benefits
life-long
learners.
A.how
B.what
C.which
D.where
10.Something______
really_______
,in
my
opinion,
is
having
computer
skills.
A.that;
counts
B.which;
counts
C.that;
counts
on
D.which;
counts
on
II.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Almost
all
the
ice
covering
the
Bering
Sea
has
melted(融化),
scientists
have
confirmed,
1
(throw)
communities
living
around
2
(it)
shores
into
disorder.
The
region’s
ice
cover
3
(normal)
lasts
for
at
least
another
month,
and
this
year
it
has
disappeared
earlier
than
any
other
year
except
2017.
Living
in
4
northern
Pacific
Ocean
between
Alaska
and
Russia,
the
Bering
Sea
is
experiencing
the
climate
change
and
has
drawn
attention
this
year
for
record-breaking
levels
of
winter
melting.
In
February,
rising
Arctic
temperatures
5
(lead)
to
around
half
the
region’s
disappearing
in
the
space
of
two
weeks.
A
report
6
(send)
by
the
International
Arctic
Research
Centre
at
the
University
of
Alaska
Fairbanks
has
outlined
the
real-world
effects
of
these
surprising
environmental
7
(change)
on
the
many
communities
8
live
in
the
Bering
Sea
region.
In
their
report,
the
International
Arctic
Research
Centre
scientists
wrote
that
while
not
every
year
will
be
as
bad
as
this
one,
ice
9
(form)
is
likely
to
remain
low
if
the
Bering
Sea’s
waters
remain
warm.
They
also
warn
that
communities
will
need
to
“prepare
for
more
winters
10
low
sea
ice
and
stormy
conditions”.
题组三体验真题
1.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
___9___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.
2.(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
___58___gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
3.(2019·新课标III卷·短文改错)
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
4.
(2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
5.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)Self-driving?is?an?area?_______
China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
6.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)
Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
7.(2016·北京卷·单项填空)I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.
whose
B.
why
C.
where
D.
which
8.
(2016·浙江卷·单项填空)
Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears
,
none
of
______
has
been
proved.
A.
whom
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
9.(2014·山东卷·单项填空)A
company
______profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities
abroad.
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
why
题组一
基础过关
I.单句语法填空
1.
who
【解析】句意:埃伦是一个专画鸟类和自然风景的画家。由于某种原因,她远离了人类社会。此题考查非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Ellen。因为关系词指人并且在从句中作主语,所以只能用who。
2.
which
【解析】句意:对心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程,在这个过程中即使最细微的生活细节都应该被考虑在内。考查"介词+which"引导的定语从句。先行词为a
gradual
process,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Even
the
small
details
of
life
should
be
considered
in
the
gradual
process.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,所以填which。
3.
which
【解析】句意:那晚我工作到很晚,稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事。先行词为that
evening,将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为:I
will
tell
you
more
about
that
evening
later.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作about的宾语,且表示"物",故用which引导。
4.
who
【解析】句意:幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those,将先行词代入非限制性定语从句后为:Those
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且表示"人",故用who。
5.
which
【解析】句意:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句。
6.
which
【解析】句意:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先行词是a
passion
for
China,且在定语从句中作starting的宾语,要用关系代词,在非限制性定语从句中用which。
7.
which/that
【解析】句意:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The
island
was
completely
cut
off
from
the
outside
world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词表示"物",可以用which或that引导。
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一些父母被邀请参加今年的儿童聚会,这是很大的成功。使用非限制性定语从句,先行词是children’s
party,指物,定语从句缺少宾语,用which引导。故选A。
2.C
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意为:最亲近的亲人的离世,正如几乎每个人都经历过的,总是让人感到痛苦不堪。此处为非限定性定语从句,故C项正确。
?3.C
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,此处为非限定性定语从句,连词在从句中作主语,指代前面"她被提升为她公司的主席"这件事。故选C。
?4.B
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意:没有一样成功不通过艰辛的工作;成功是只有通过大量苦干后才能赚得的东西。根据句意及句子结构分析可知,此处为定语从句,修饰先行词something,修饰指物的不定代词时,只能用that,不能用which,本题中的连接词在从句中作主语,不能省略。故选B。
5.C
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
此处为非限定性定语从句,
先行词为词组face
with
the
rolling
eyes,
连接词在从句中充当主语。故选C。
6.D
【解析】考查连词。such…
as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语。在本题中as作表语。句意:他不再是以前的那样了。故选D。?
7.D
【解析】考查强调句和定语从句。“he
had
as
a
young
man”位于名词the
training之后,是其定语从句,且从句缺少宾语,指代the
training,用which或that;“It
was
the
training”与“made
him
such
a
good
engineer”构成强调句,强调主语the
training,应用that连接,故选D项。
8.B
【解析】考查定语从句连词。先行词为“grammatical
mistakes”,关系代词that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。grammatical
mistakes后面还跟了一个定语从句that/
which
many
students
make.从句中引导词that或which作make的宾语,省去了。句意:事实上,许多学生所犯的语法错误使他们写不出好的作文来。故选B。
9.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:很多大学在网上分享教育资源,创造一种可以使终身学习者受益的学习空间。使用定语从句,先行词是learning
space,指物,定语从句中缺少主语,用which引导定语从句。故选C。
10.A
【解析】考查定语从句。由句子结构可知,something后的主谓结构是它的定语从句,指代不定代词something,在从句中作主语,应用that;count用作不及物动词,表示“很重要”,count
on…“指望;依赖”,关系代词that指代something,谓语动词应用单数,故选A项。
II.语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已经融化,影响了周围地区的生活。
1.
throwing
【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知throw在句中做状语,与逻辑主语“all
the
ice
covering
the
Bering
Sea
has
melted”为逻辑上的主谓关系,要用其现在分词形式,故填throwing.
2.
its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:科学家们已经证实,几乎所有覆盖白令海的冰都已融化,使生活在其海岸周围的社区陷入混乱。分析句子可知空格处修饰shores,
是指白令海(它的)的海岸,故填its。
3.
normally
【解析】考查副词。空格处修饰动词cover,
要用副词,故填normally。
4.
the
【解析】考查冠词。northern
Pacific
Ocean为地名,海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称前一般要加定冠词the,
故填the。
5.
led
【解析】
考查时态。分析句子可知lead在句中为谓语,与主语之间是主动关系,根据时间状语In
February可知应用一般过去时,故填led。
6.
sent
【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子可知send在句中为非谓语,与逻辑主语a
report之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,要用send的过去分词形式,故填sent。
7.
changes
【解析】考查名词单复数。change为可数名词,根据these可知要用其复数形式,故填changes。
8.
which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知
___
live
in
the
Bering
Sea
region.为定语从句,缺少引导词。先行词为many
communities指物,引导词在从句中做主语,所以用which/that引导。故填which/that。
9.
formation
【解析】考查名词。句意:在他们的报告中,国际北极研究中心的科学家写道,虽然不是每年都会像这次一样糟糕,但如果白令海的水域保持温暖,冰的形成(概率)可能会很低。空格处做句子的主语,要填名词,form的名词形式为formation,
且ice
formation为固定搭配,意为“冻结成冰,成冰作用”符合句意。故填formation。
10.
with
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们还警告社区要为以后更多具有低海浮冰和暴风雨天气状况的冬天做准备。with意为“具有带有”符合句意,且with放在这里形成with结构做winter的后置定语,故填with。
题组三
体验真题
1.who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。
2.that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
3.what改为that/which
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment
在从句中做主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故
把what改为that/which。
4.that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
5.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in
which。故选B。
6.C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候,我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子,句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语,故用关系代词whose。故选C。
7.A
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。a
couple是先行词,这对夫妻的孩子很吵,children和couple是所属关系,故用whose作定语,whose
children相当于the
children
of
whom,故选A。
8.B
【解析】句意:关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪,科学家已经提出了很多理论,没有一个被证明了。分析句子结构可知,"none
of
______
has
been
proved"是定语从句,先行词是theories,指物,定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
9.B
【解析】这是一个定语从句,a
company
是先行词,profit和
a
company是所属关系,所以要用关系代词whose。句意为:在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。考点22
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,在从句中作状语。有时可用"介词+which"结构替换。
?I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
?Is
this
the
reason
(that)
he
explained
for
his
rudeness
at
the
meeting?
这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗?
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。
?The
media
can
often
help
solve
problems
and
draw
attention
to
situations
where
help
is
needed.
媒体经常能够帮助解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。
关系代词和关系副词的选择
用法
依据
根据从句谓语动词
若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则用关系副词。
根据关系词在从句中作的成分
把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。
1.(2019·新课标II卷·语法填空)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
___62___
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
【参考答案】where
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the
pet
shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。
2.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)Self-driving?is?an?area?_______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in
which。故选B。
3.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错)They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
【参考答案】which前加in
或which改为where
【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in
which或where。
4.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age(一个时代),且先行词在从句中做时间状语,所以关系词用when。
故选C。
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用when引导;若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
?Do
you
remember
the
days
when
we
chatted
with
each
other
all
night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中作状语)
?Do
you
remember
the
days
that/which
we
spent
together
on
the
farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或which作spent的宾语)
5.Experiments
with
domestic
dogs,
one
animal
was
given
a
treat
and
another
denied,
have
shown
that
they
possess
a
sense
of
fairness
as
they
shared
their
treats.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意:用家犬做试验,试验中一只给了食物,而另一只没有,这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知,先行词是Experiments,where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,表示抽象地点,where相当于in
which。故选B。
【易错提醒】
1.
当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
?This
is
the
house
which/that
was
built
by
my
grandfather
forty
years
ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which/that,而不用where)
2.
当position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导。如:
?It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
where
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3.
关系副词why指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason。
?Is
this
the
reason
why
(for
which)
he
refused
our
help?
这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
6.
Do
you
know
the
reason
Mary
is
crying?
A.
when
B.
where
C.
why
D.
that
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意:你知道玛丽哭的原因吗?the
reason
why...是一个固定句型,why在此引导原因状语从句,并在从句中作原因状语,故选C。
【易错提醒】
若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语,而是充当主语或宾语,则用that或which来引导定语从句。如:
?I
won’t
listen
to
the
reason
that/which
you
have
given
us.
我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以要用which/that,而不用why)
题组一
基础过关
I.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
Do
you
remember
the
scene
________
Cao
Cao
and
Liu
Bei
were
drinking?
2.
I
walked
up
to
the
top
of
the
hill
with
my
friends,
we
enjoyed
a
splendid
view
of
the
lake.
3.
I
will
never
forget
the
days
________
I
was
taken
good
care
of
in
that
village.
4.
Do
you
know
the
reason
John
is
so
angry?
5.
None
of
us
know
the
reason
________
Tom
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
6.
The
reason
________________
he
explained
at
the
meeting
for
his
absence
didn’t
make
sense.
7.
I
still
remember
the
night
________
she
left
the
house.
8.
However,
this
was
a
time
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
9.
Today
we
have
reached
a
stage
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
10.
The
days
are
gone
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.Experiments
with
domestic
dogs,
one
animal
was
given
a
treat
and
another
denied,
have
shown
that
they
possess
a
sense
of
fairness
as
they
shared
their
treats.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
2.Do
you
know
the
reason
Mary
is
crying?
A.
when
B.
where
C.
why
D.
that
3.The
latest
trend
is
the
"A4
waist
challenge"
women
take
photos
with
a
A4-sized
paper
placed
in
front
of
their
midriffs
(上腹部).
A.
which
B.
where
C.
when
D.
as
4.
The
exact
year__________
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
A.
When
B.
where
C.
why
D.
which
5.
Miss
Li
found
herself
in
an
embarrassing
position
she
didn’t
know
which
side
she
should
support.
A.
where
B.
that
C.
which
D.
when
6.
—Can
you
believe
I
had
to
pay
30
dollars
for
a
haircut?
—You
should
try
the
barber’s
I
go.
It’s
only
$15.
A.
as
B.
which
C.
where
D.
that
7.
Stephen
Hawking
believes
that
the
earth
is
unlikely
to
be
the
only
planet
life
has
developed
gradually.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
whose
8.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
since
then
in
the
factory
we
are
working.
A.
where
B.
that
C.
which
D.
there
II.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,
Asia’s
biggest
building,
and
fancy
new
hotels.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
1
(attract).
So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research,
I
2
(allow)to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
From
tomorrow,
I
will
be
their
UK
ambassador.
The
title
will
be
3
(official)
given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.
But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
4
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
5
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
6
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
7
(introduce)
British
visitors
to
the
120-plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
On
my
recent
visit,
I
help
a
lively
three-month-old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
8
(it)
mother.
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
9
(
day)
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
10
other
is
with
mum-she
never
suspects.
题组三体验真题
1.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)Their
child
is
at
the
stage__________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
2.(2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
3.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
4.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错)They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
selling
the
fish.
5.(2015·北京)Opposite
is
St.
Paul's
Church,
_________
you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
6.(2015·陕西)
As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family,
Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
__
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
whom
D.
when
7.
(2014·浙江)I
don’t
become
a
serious
climber
until
the
fifth
grade,
______
I
went
up
to
rescue
a
kite
that
was
stuck
in
the
branches
of
a
tree.
?
?A.
when?
?????
B.
where??????
C.
which??????
D.
why
8.
(2015·天津)The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
题组一
基础过关
I.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
where
2.
where
3.
when
4.
why
5.
why
6.
that/which
7.
when
8.
when
9.
where
10.
when
题组二能力提升
I.单项填空
1.B
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意:用家犬做试验,试验中一只给了食物,而另一只没有,这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知,先行词是Experiments,where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,相当于in
which。故选B。
2.C
【解析】句意:你知道玛丽哭的原因吗?the
reason
why...是一个固定句型,why在此引导原因状语从句,并在从句中作原因状语,故选C。
3.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:最新的趋势是A4腰挑战。女性把A4纸放在上腹部前面然后拍照。先行词是"A4
waist
challenge",表示抽象的地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where来引导定语从句,B项正确。
4.
D
【解析】句意:Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2008年。这句话使用了定语从句,先行词是the
exact
year,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,而不能用关系副词。所以选D。
5.
A
【解析】先行词是an
embarrassing
position,所填词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导。
6.
C
【解析】答句前句句意为:——你应该去我去的那家理发店尝试一下。where引导定语从句,在定语从句中作状语,并替代先行词the
barber’s(理发店)。其余选项不能在定语从句中作地点状语。
7.
B
【解析】句意:斯蒂芬?霍金认为,地球不大可能是有生命逐渐进化的唯一星球。先行词是planet,限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语,where在此处引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语。A、C和D三个选项都不能在从句中作状语。
8.
A
【解析】where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
II.语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。
1.
attraction
【解析】考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客,熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction,意为"吸引人之物"。
2.
was
allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系,且前一句的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was
allowed。
3.
officially
【解析】考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填officially。
4.to
【解析】考查介词。go
back
to是固定搭配,意为"追溯到"。
5.when
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。
6.
permitted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于that/who
was
permitted。
7.
introducing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语,所以此空填introducing。
8.
its
【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
9.
days
【解析】考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知,此空填days。
every
few
days是"每隔几天"的意思。
10.the
【解析】考查冠词。这里考查的是one...the
other...这一固定搭配,意为"一个……另一个……
题组三
体验真题
1.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences是一个定语从句,先行词是the
stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,故选B。
2.One
afternoon
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
3.where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
4.
which改成in
which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in
which或where。
5.D
【解析】句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.
Paul’s
Church,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用关系副词where。故选D。
6.D
【解析】句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句,先行词是the
time,定语从句中缺少时间状语,用关系副词when,所以选D。
7.A
【解析】这里先行词是the
fifth
grade,指的是时间;后面是when引导的定语从句。句意:我没有成为一个认真的攀登者,直到我上五年级的时候,那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在树上的风筝。分析句子结构可知,______
I
went
up
to
rescue
a
kite
that
was
stuck
in
the
branches
of
a
tree是定语从句,先行词是the
fifth
grade,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故选A。
8.
A
【解析】句意:公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛,在这种气氛中,其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere,引导词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。考点23
限制性定语从句与非
限制性定语从句
考向一
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明,删去非限制性定语从句,主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等,that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句,从句之前要用逗号。
先行词指人,则用who,whose,which等;
先行词指物,要用which;
先行词表时间或者地点,并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况:
1.
关系代词指代整个主句时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?You
did
a
lot
for
me,
for
which
I
was
grateful.
你为我做了许多,对此我很感激。
?The
Diaoyu
Island
belongs
to
China,
as
is
known
to
us.
众所周知,钓鱼岛属于中国。
?A
middle-aged
woman
killed
her
husband,
which
frightened
me
very
much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
2.
当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?China,
which
is
my
motherland,
is
developing
fast.
中国是我的祖国,正在快速发展。
?Eason,
who
was
a
pop
star,
got
married
last
year.
伊森去年结婚了,他是明星。
?Last
Sunday
they
reached
Nanjing
,
where
a
conference
was
to
be
held.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
3.
当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son,daughter等)时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?He
has
a
daughter,
who
is
studying
in
London.
他有个女儿,现在正在伦敦学习。(只有一个女儿)
?This
is
my
teacher,
who
has
something
to
tell
you.
这是我的老师,他有一些事情要告诉你。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.
形式不同
限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
2.
功能不同
限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。
?People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
?His
daughter,
who
is
in
Boston
now,
is
coming
home
next
week.
他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整)
3.
翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。
?He
is
the
man
whose
car
was
stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
?I’ve
invited
Jim,
who
lives
in
the
next
flat.
我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4.
含义不同
比较下面的两个句子:
?I
have
a
sister
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
?I
have
a
sister,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5.
先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。
?Peter
drove
too
fast,
which
was
dangerous.
彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive
too
fast)
?He
changed
his
mind,
which
made
me
very
angry.
他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
?Mr.
Smith,
who
is
our
boss,
will
leave
for
Japan
next
week.
我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
?Her
father,
who
has
a
lot
of
money,
wishes
her
to
study
abroad.
她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6.
关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
1.(2019·新课标II卷·语法填空)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
___62___
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
【参考答案】where
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the
pet
shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。
2.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
3.(2017·新课标卷I·语法填空)Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
70
is
not
good
for
the
health.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is
not
good
for
the
health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。
4.(2017·新课标卷II·短文改错)In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interesting(改为interested)
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导,故将that改为which。
5.
(2017·新课标卷III·语法填空)But
Sarah,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
【参考答案】
who
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models是非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Sarah,指人,要用who。
6.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
64(to)
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
65
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
66(permitted)
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
【参考答案】when
【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少状语,又因先行词是时间,故填when。
考向二 as,which引导的定语从句
一、相同点
两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时可互换。
?The
meeting
was
put
off,
as
/which
was
exactly
what
we
wanted.
会议被推迟了,这正是我们想要的。
?He
was
a
doctor,
as/which
I
knew
from
his
manner.
他是一名医生,我是从他的举止中知道的。
二、不同点
1.
as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
?As
is
known
to
all,
fish
can’t
live
without
water.
众所周知,鱼离开水无法生存。
?Air,
as
we
know,
is
gas.
正如我们所知,空气是气体。
2.
在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。
?She
told
me
she
won
the
match,
which
was
a
lie.
她告诉我们她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。
?The
material
is
elastic,
as
(was)
shown
in
the
figure.
这种材料是有弹性的,正如图中所示。
3.
which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。
?He
saw
the
girl,
which
delighted
him.
他看见了那个女孩,这让他很高兴。
?He
didn’t
say
anything
at
the
meeting,
as/which
seemed
very
strange.
他在会议上一言未发,这看起来非常奇怪。
4.
as常用"正如"含义,常用的结构有as
we
know(众所周知);as
often
happens(正如常发生的那样);as
is
often
the
case(情况常常如此);as
we
all
can
see(正如我们看到的);be
announced
/
expected
/
known
/
imagined
/
mentioned
/
said
/
shown
/
reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。
?As
is
known
to
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
?Kate
was
late
for
school,
as
often
happened.
凯特上学迟到了,正如常发生的那样。
5.
在非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。
?My
brother
enjoyed
playing
basketball,
which
he
really
plays
well.
我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他打得非常好。
?Beijing,
which
he
was
born
in,
is
our
capital.
北京,他出生的地方,是我们的首都。
6.
"介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。
The
Travel
Agency,
with
which
our
company
has
been
dealing
for
several
years,
has
opened
for
new
branches.
那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。
?Air
is
a
mixture
of
gases,
of
which
oxygen
forms
21
percent.
空气是一种气体的综合体,其中氧气占了21%。
7.
从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。
?He
can
write
a
letter
in
English,
which
I
can
not.
他可以用英语写信,我不能。
?Metal
will
bear
beating
with
a
hammer,
which
a
stone
will
not.
金属能承受得住用锤子敲打,但是石头则不能。
8.
非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时,常用which。
?He
said
he
had
passed
the
exam,
which
was
untrue.
他说他通过了考试,这是假的。
1.The
number
of
smokers,________is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
A.it
B.which
C.what
D.as
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句的含义,故可排除A、C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时,表示"如同,正如",符合题干意思,故选D项。
2.He
has
made
as
much
progress
______________
is
enough
for
him
to
be
admitted
to
Fudan
University.
A.as
B.that
C.what
D.which
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查定语从句。根据句意"他已经取得了足够复旦大学录取的骄人的成绩。"可知空处及后面的句子是修饰前面的名词progress的,所以是定语从句。因关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词as,that和which,又因先行词有as
修饰,所以用as,即构成"as+
many
/much+n.(可数或不可数名词)+
as..."的结构;而what不能引导定语从句,只能引导名词性从句。故选A。
题组一
过关练习
I.单项填空
1.
You
must
learn
to
read
people,
___________
will
be
necessary
if
you
work
in
a
team.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
2.In
ancient
Egypt,
green
represented
hope
and
spring,
___________
is
the
time
of
year
____________
things
in
nature
start
to
grow
after
a
long
winter.
A.
when;which
B.
what;when
C.
which;when
D.
which;that
3.
English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures,
___________
uses
it
differently.
A.
all
of
which
B.
each
of
which
C.
all
of
them
D.
each
of
them
4.
It
is
the
third
time
that
she
has
won
the
race,
__________
has
surprised
us
all.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
5.
When
it
comes
to
the
majority
of
the
latest
technologies
in
the
next
20
years,
__________
has
greater
potential
than
the
technology
being
developed
in
these
young
people’s
company,
__________
in
my
eyes
will
lead
to
a
revolution.
A.
nothing;which
B.
none;where
C.
nothing;where
D.
none;which
6.
The
award-winning
book
was
written
by
a
teenager,
______________
was,
indeed,
beyond
all
expectations.
A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that
7.
A
lot
of
language
learning,
______________
has
been
discovered,
is
happening
in
the
first
year
of
life,
so
parents
should
talk
much
to
their
children
during
that
period.
A.as
B.it
C.which
D.this
8.
______________
is
known
to
us
all,
failure
usually
results
from
laziness
while
diligence
can
result
in
success.
A.What
B.Which
C.As
D.When
II.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
UK’s
65
plus
age
group
is
the
1
(fast)
growing
crowd
within
our
population,
and
likely
to
reach
one
in
four
people
2
2040.
So
the
number
of
‘Silver
surfers’
simply
has
to
rise.
ONS
statistics
(统计结果)
also
show
that
almost
25%
of
adults
aged
65
plus
now
use
social
networking
sites,
but
with
a
third
of
this
age
group
3
(live)
on
their
own.
These
sites
are
becoming
4
(increase)
important
for
the
elderly
to
look
for
ways
to
stay
connected
to
society,
5
has
a
great
positive
affect
on
feelings
of
isolation(孤独)
and
depression.
This
same
age
group
is
the
most
likely
to
live
apart
from
others
and
often
easier
to
feel
6
(lone).
A
released
study
showed
that
as
many
as
1.2
million
elderly
people
in
England
7
(experience)
loneliness.
Social
media
such
as
Facebook
and
Skype
go
a
long
way
to
deal
with
this
issue
by
offering
instant
interaction
(互动)
with
8
(love)
ones
at
the
click
of
mouse.
Skype
can
bring
grandchildren,
who
live
on
the
9
side
of
the
planet,
through
the
Internet
into
their
front
room
and
into
their
lives.
This
age
group
10
(trap)
by
ill
health,
with
60%
of
them
suffering
long-term
conditions,
so
discovering
ways
to
remain
in
good
health
as
long
as
possible
is
a
wise
choice.
Technology
has
the
ability
to
do
this.
题组二体验真题
1.(2017·天津)My
eldest
son,
________
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
his
D.
who
2.(2016·天津)We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
______the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
3.(2015·湖南)It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
______looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
A.as
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
4.(2015·天津)The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere______
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
5.(2015·四川)The
books
on
the
desk,
______covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
whose
D.
that
题组一
过关练习
I.单项填空
1.
C
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词的用法。句意:你必须学会如何看懂别人,如果你在一个团队中工作的话,这一点会很有必要。这里空处指代整个前面句子的意思在从句中作主语,且有逗号与前句隔开,因此要用which,故选C。
2.
C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在古埃及,绿色代表着希望和春天,是万物在一个很长的冬天后开始生长的时间。第一个空是一个非限制性定语从句,第二个空是一个when引导的时间状语从句,所以选C。
3.
B
【解析】句意:英语是由几个不同的文化共享的一种语言,每种文化使用的方式都不同。如果空格前加and则构成并列句,D正确,但此处逗号后没有and,判断是非限制性定语从句,从句的谓语动词是uses,所以主语应该是单数,故选B。
4.
C
【解析】句意:这是她第三次赢得这个比赛,这让我们都大吃一惊。which可以代替前面整个句子的意思,其他不能,故选C。
5.
D
【解析】考查不定代词和非限制性定语从句。句意:当谈到在未来20年中,大多数的最新技术时,在这些年轻人的公司里正在被开发的技术更有潜力,在我眼里这将会产生一次革命。根据句意可知第一空填none;先行词是前面整个句子,所以第二空要用which引导非限制性定语从句。故选D。
6.
B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这本获奖的书出自一个青少年之手,这件事确实出乎大家的意料。此处应用which来指代主句的内容。as
可引导非限制性定语从句,但是应译为"正如",与后面出乎意料的表述不符。
7.
A
【解析】考查句子结构和as,which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。______________
has
been
discovered是非限制性定语从句,先行词a
lot
of
language
learning是主句的主语,is
happening
是主句的谓语部分,B、D两选项不能引导定语从句,which
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放到主句后面。故选A。
8.
C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:正如我们都知道的,失败是因为懒惰,而成功则由于勤奋。分析句子结构可知,as"正如……",在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句。what不能引导定语从句;which引导定语从句,指代整个主句,不能置于主句前;when引导定语从句,在从句中作时间状语。故选C。
II.语法填空
【文章大意】在英国,65和65岁以上的人口在快速增加。但网络为他们提供了与外界及亲人保持联系的机会,同时也大大缓解了他们的孤独感。网络科技有能力使他们更健康长寿。
1.
fastest
【解析】考查最高级。在我们的人口中(within
our
population)有多个年龄段的人。这就暗示了比较范围。
2.
by
【解析】考查介词。人口变化是循序渐进的事情,人口的变化应以现在到某一时间节点为判断依据,因此此处使用“by
2040到2040年为止”不能使用in。
3.
living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
with后的结构是
n+
doing(表达n与do是主谓关系)
/
done(表达n与do是动宾关系)
/
to
do(表达do是将要发生的动作)等。此处属于第一种情况。
4.
increasingly
【解析】考查词性转化。此处考查副词(increasingly)修饰形容词(important)越来越重要。
5.
which
【解析】考查定语从句。在这个句子中有二个已知的谓语动词(are
becoming,has
a
great
positive
affect),根据原则,此处应使用连接从句的连词,从句中缺主语,这个连词指代前一句(These
sites
are
becoming
increasingly
important
for
the
elderly
to
look
for
ways
to
stay
connected
to
society),因此确定使用which连接
非限定性定语从句。
6.
lonely
【解析】考查固定搭配。feel
lonely(感到孤独)是固定搭配。
7.
experience
【解析】考查时态。
虽然主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时态(showed因为研究已完成),
但从句表达的是现实状况所以使用一般现在时态(experience)。例如:Yesterday,
the
teacher
told
his
students
The
USA
is
an
advanced
country.
8.
loved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处love充当ones(指代人)的定语,ones与love是动宾关系,因此使用过去分词。loved
ones(心爱的人、亲人)
。
9.
other
【解析】考查不定代词。地球有两边(南半球、北半球或者东半球、西半球),此处使用the
other指代已知的两之中的另一个。
10.
is
trapped
【解析】考查时态、语态。从句子结构和句意来看,必须使用被动语态。此处the
age
group看做一个整体因此使用is
trapped(被疾病所困扰)。
题组二体验真题
1.B
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后名词有所属关系,故应用whose引导。句意:我大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。
2.D
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next
week,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。
3.D
【解析】句意:这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的农舍。先行词是place,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故选D。as引导非限制性定语从句时往往有"正如,就像"的意思。
4.A
【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。
5.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。考点24
"介词+关系代词"引导的
定语从句
考向一
"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
●"介词+关系代词"的用法
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
time
during
which
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of
which/whom。
?John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding,most
of
whom
are
family
members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
?His
head
soon
appeared
out
of
the
window,from
where
he
saw
nothing
but
trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from
where相当于from
out
of
the
window,而不是from
the
window)
●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look
after,
look
for等。
●"of
which
/
whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。
●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in
which或that引导定语从句(in
which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that
或which
可省略)。
1.(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the
World
Food
Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
2.(2016
?
江苏卷·单项填空)Many
young
people,
most
_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which
B.
of
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
those
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。
考向二
定语从句与其他句型的区别
一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别
关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词,而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。
?Sorry,
I’ve
forgot
the
day
when
we
met
for
the
first
time.
抱歉,我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句,先行词the
day
与when含义相应)
?I’ve
no
idea
when
we
met
for
the
first
time.
我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句,idea与when没有任何联系)
二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词,只能放在先行词的后面;而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。
?Do
you
know
the
time
when
the
class
is
over?
你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)
?It
was
already
five
o’clock
when
the
class
was
over.
=When
the
class
was
over,
it
was
already
five
o’clock.
当课结束时,已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句)
三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词;而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点,where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
?This
is
the
place
where
we
used
to
live
a
few
years
ago.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。(定语从句)
?Let’s
go
where
we
can
find
a
better
job.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)
四、定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that,
which,
as,
who,
but,
另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that,
who,并且句子中的It
没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
It
is
a
book
that
he
wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What
is
this
/
that?
这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What
does
he
want?
这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。
五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分,因而从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词不作任何句子成分,因此句子成分完整。
?It
is
such
an
interesting
book
as
we
all
like.
它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(定语从句)
?It
is
such
an
interesting
book
that
we
all
like
it.
它是一本如此有趣的书,我么大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句)
比较:It
is
such
an
interesting
book
that
we
all
like.
强调句型。意思是:我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。
六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别
定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整;而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。
?The
book
being
very
interesting,
we
all
like
it.
由于这本书有趣,我们大家都喜欢它。
?The
book
which
/
that
is
very
interesting
was
published
last
year.
这本有趣的书是去年出版的。
1.
—He
wrote
a
lot
of
novels,
none
of
____________
were
popular.
—It’s
the
same
with
his
wife.
She
wrote
some
plays,
but
none
of
___________
was
a
success.
A.
these;them
B.
which;which
C.
those;which
D.
which;them
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】本题很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是:要注意前面一句的
none
of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句,所以其后填which);而后面一句的none
of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句,所以其后填them)。
2.
After
the
war,
a
new
school
building
was
put
up
____________
there
had
once
been
a
theatre.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
3.
After
living
in
Paris
for
fifty
years
he
returned
to
the
small
town
_____________
he
grew
up
as
a
child.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
that
D.
when
【参考答案】2.
B
3.
B
【答案解析】定语从句中有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句中则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可用
"介词+which"来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此第2题中无表示地点的先行词,是表示地点的状语从句,故填where,第3题中the
small
town是先行词,为定语从句,故填where,也可用in
which替换。
题组一
基础过关
用适当的关系词填空
1.(2019·北京卷)
Consequently,
she
succeeded
in
making
a
kind
of
candy
only
using
natural
sweeteners,
_________
can
reduce
oral
bacteria.
2.(2019·全国卷II)
Laurie
Demerit,_________
company
provided
the
statistics
for
the
report.
3.
(2017·北京)This
is
called
“herd
immunity”,
_______
protects
the
people
who
get
hurt
easily,
including
those
________
can’t
be
vaccinated
for
medical
reasons,
babies
too
young
to
get
vaccinated
and
people
on
________
the
vaccine
doesn’t
work.
4.Her
performances
on
the
stage
were
perfect,________
made
a
lot
of
people
admire
her.
5.The
city
was
attacked
by
such
terrible
weather
________
few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
6.A
story
I
read
two
years
ago,________
name
I
can’t
remember
clearly,changed
my
idea
about
education.
7.I
don’t
know
the
reason
________
you
lied
to
your
parents,but
you’d
better
explain.
8.________
is
mentioned
above,paper
is
first
made
in
China.
9.A
sailor
________
has
experienced
no
storm
will
never
become
an
excellent
sailor.
10.I
often
think
about
the
times
________
I
have
felt
hurt
and
insulted
by
rude
remarks
from
strangers
and
sometimes
from
acquaintances.
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.Human
facial
expressions
differ
from
those
of
animals
in
the
degree
________
they
can
be
controlled
on
purpose.
A.with
which
B.to
which
C.of
which
D.for
which
2.Gun
control
is
a
subject_________
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
A.of
which
B.with
which
C.about
which
D.into
which
3.Eric
received
training
in
computer
for
one
year,
___________
he
found
a
job
in
a
big
company.
A.after
that
B.after
which
C.after
it
D.after
this
4.True
friendship
is
like
health,
the
value___________is
seldom
known
until
it
is
lost.
A.of
it
B.on
which
C.of
whom
D.of
which
5.With
more
than
17
000
islands,
_________
_only
6
000
are
inhabited,
Indonesia
is
the
world’s
largest
archipelago
(群岛).
A.on
which
B.for
which
C.of
which
D.along
which
6.
Pointing
to
the
house
on
____________
roof
grew
lots
of
bushes,
the
old
man
told
me
that
was
____________
I
would
stay.
A.
its;what
B.
whose;what
C.
whose;where
D.
its;where
7.
Our
special
thanks
go
to
thousands
of
volunteers,
without
____________
tireless
work,
none
of
these
would
be
possible.
A.
which
B.
whom
C.
whose
D.
that
8.
—Have
you
known
Jane
for
long?
—Not
very
long,
______________
we
started
to
serve
the
World
Expo
in
Milan.
A.
after
B.
before
C.
when
D.
since
II.
语篇填空
用适当的关系词填空
Do
you
know
the
man
__1__wrote
this
book?He
was
Jason,one
of
the
engineers
__2__came
from
Russia
in
the
1950s.He
worked
in
the
same
factory
__3__my
father
once
worked.
When
he
came
to
China,the
first
thing
__4__
he
did
was
to
visit
the
factory
__5__did
research
on
trolleybuses
and
found
out
the
reason
__6__China
was
so
backward
in
it.Then
he
spent
every
minute
__7__he
could
spare
to
help
China
develop
transportation.__8__is
mentioned
above,Jason
was
a
foreigner
__9__made
great
contributions
to
our
country
and
was
a
kind
man
to
__10__we
should
say
thanks.
III.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If
you
only
got
six
hours'
shut
eye
last
night,
there
is
no
need
1
(
lose
)sleep
over
it.
Scientists
say
that
though
it
is
2
(wide)
believed
that
we
need
eight
hours
of
sleep
a
night,
six
to
seven
hours
is
the
natural
amount.
Advising
short-sleepers
to
rest
easy,
the
US
researchers
say,
3
(have)
important
implications(暗示,含义)
for
the
idea
that
we
need
to
take
sleeping
pills
because
sleep
has
been
reduced
from
4
(it)
natural
level
by
the
widespread
use
of
electricity,
TV,
the
Internet
and
so
on.'
The
lead
author
of
a
study,
Ghandi,
said:
“There's
the
5
(expect)
that
we
should
all
be
sleeping
for
eight
or
nine
hours
a
night,
and
if
we
took
away
modern
technology,
we
would
be
sleeping
more.
But
now,
for
the
first
time,
we
are
showing
that’s
not
6
truth.”
Most
of
those
7
were
studied
slept
for
less
than
seven
hours
a
night,
with
the
average
amount
just
six
hours
and
25
minutes.
This
is
much
less
than
the
eight
hours
often
8
(recommend)
in
western
societies.
Despite
this,
the
people
studied
were
in
good
health,
9
lower
rates
of
obesity(肥胖症),
better
blood
pressure
and
10
(healthy)
hearts
than
people
in
industrialised
societies.
They
were
also
fitter.
题组三体验真题
1.(2016
?
浙江)Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
______
has
been
proved.
A.
whom
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
2.(2015·浙江)
Creating
an
atmosphere
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
A.
as
B.
whose
C.
in
which
D.
at
which
3.(2015·重庆)
He
wrote
many
children’
s
books,
nearly
half
of_________
were
published
in
the
1990s.
A.
whom
B.
which
C.
them
D.
that
题组一
基础过关
用适当的关系词填空
1.which
2.whose
3.which,
who,
whom
4.which
5.as
6.whose
7.why
8.As
9.who
10.when
题组二
能力提升
I.单项填空
1.B
【解析】考查固定短语的用法。句意:人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。本句是定语从句,先行词是the
degree,to
the
degree是固定短语,意为"到……程度",关系词which在从句中作to的宾语,本句将从句中的介词to提至关系词which前面了。故选B。
2.C
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意:对枪的控制是美国人一直争论的一个话题。argue
about意为"争论";argue
with意为"和……争论",所以此处应用介词about。故选C。?
3.B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。在这个非限制性定语从句中,先行词是"Eric
received
training
in
computer
for
one
year"这件事,关系词在从句中作介词after的宾语,所以关系词应用which。故选B。
4.D
【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"结构。句意:真正的友谊犹如健康,直到失去时才知其可贵。此处不能用"介词+指示代词"结构;先行词为friendship,指物,故不能用whom;此处表示所属关系,故介词只能用of,所以B项不符合句意。故选D。
【温馨提示】本题易误选A项或者C项。但是考生需要注意,用whom时先行词应指人;如选A,可在逗号后加上连词and。?
5.C
【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知选C。of
which中的which指17
000
islands,17
000
islands为先行词。
6.
C
【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:老人指着那个屋顶上长着许多灌木的房子对我说,那就是我将要待的地方。house是先行词,与roof是所属关系,故用whose引导;"that
was
________
I
would
stay"是told的宾语从句,该从句中that是主语,"_________
I
would
stay"是表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,所以用where引导。
7.
C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们特别感谢数以千计的志愿者们,没有他们不知疲倦的工作,所有这些都不可能做到。volunteers与tireless
work是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose,在从句中作定语。
8.
D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:——你认识Jane很久了吗?——认识的时间不长,是从我们开始服务于米兰世博会时认识的。根据句意可知,应选since,表示"自……以来,自……以后"。
II.
语篇填空
1.who/that
2.who/that
3.where
4.that
5.which/that
6.why
7.that
8.As
9.who/that
10.whom
III.
语法填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明:和八小时的睡眠相比,一个晚上六到七个小时的睡眠更好。
1.
to
lose
【解析】考查固定句式。There
is
no
need
to
do
sth.是固定句式,意为“没有必要做某事”,故填to
lose。
2.
widely
【解析】考查副词。该空修饰动词believe,需用副词,故填widely。
3.
has
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:建议睡眠不足的人放松休息对我们需要服用安眠药的想法有重要意义。根据下文可知,该句应用一般现在时态。且主语为动名词,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填has。
4.
its
【解析】考查代词。句意:由于电力、电视、互联网等的广泛使用,睡眠已从其自然水平上减少了。
该空修饰后面的名词level,应该用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
5.
expectation
【解析】考查名词。句意:人们期望我们每晚睡八到九个小时,如果我们将现代科技拿开,我们就会睡得更多。该题【解析】考查There
be+n.结构,该空作表语,因此应该填名词。且根据“There
be+n.结构中,be动词和n.保持形式上的一致”原则,该空应该填单数名词expectation。
6.
the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我们第一次证明这不是事实。truth经常和定冠词the连用,故该空填the。
7.
who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:大多数接受研究的人每晚睡眠时间不到7个小时,平均睡眠时间只有6小时25分钟。___7___were
studied是定语,修饰those,指人,引导词在从句中作主语,当先行词为those时,引导词只能用who。故填who。
8.
recommended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这比西方社会经常推荐的8小时要少得多。该空作定语,修饰the
eight
hours,the
eight
hours和recommend之间是被动关系,需用过去分词作定语,故填recommended。
9.
with
【解析】考查介词。句意:尽管如此,与工业化社会的人相比,研究人员身体健康,肥胖率更低,血压水平更好,心脏更健康。该空后面是三个名词,且该空表示伴随情况,故该空填介词with。
10.
healthier
【解析】考查比较级。句意:尽管如此,与工业化社会的人相比,研究人员身体健康,肥胖率更低,血压水平更好,心脏更健康。该空修饰名词hearts,应用形容词。且根据前文的lower,better可知,该空应该填healthy的比较级,故填healthier。
题组三体验真题
1.B
【解析】句意:关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪,科学家已经提出了很多理论,没有一个得到证明。此句为定语从句,先行词是theories,指物,定语从句用"代词+介词+关系代词which"引导。故选B。
2.C
【解析】句意:创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,"
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge"是一个定语从句,先行词是
atmosphere
,关系词在定语从句中作状语,因此用关系副词where或"介词+关系代词which",表示"在……中"用in,再结合选项可知答案为C。
3.B
【解析】句意:他写了许多儿童书籍,几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books,定语从句中of缺少宾语,故选B项。